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MixtureVitae-genericsKB

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### message \| guidance: Inertial guidance * common form of on-board control. * is direction Spiritual guidance * can lighten up even the darkest day. * is incorporated into everyday life - the foundation in which our clarity lies<\|endoftext\|>### message \| guidance: Steer * are cattle. * are male bovines that have been castrated before puberty - cattle that have been neutered and are unable to reproduce * have no other purpose except to be raised , sold and slaughtered for beef. * is guidance * roping is reminiscent of cowboys working cattle on the wide-open grasslands of the old west. + Cattle, Biology: Bovines :: Domesticated animals :: Meats * For the reasons above, most male cattle are either sent to slaughter while they are still calves or are castrated so that they are much less likely to fight each other, or be aggressive towards the farmer that is raising them, making them safer to handle and keep until it is time to send them to market. Steers have no other purpose except to be raised, sold and slaughtered for beef.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Information * All information is carried by a pattern in the physical world All patterns carry some information - passed through our senses before it is processed by our brain * Gathering The skin contains several types of sensory receptors. * Impacts considers the political and social implications of information technology. * Most information makes senses. * Much information is available about the function of vacuoles in higher plant cells. * More information is needed here. Misza's bot is way to fast in it's seven day, no reply archiving. Even given the need for archiving, with the level of activity, I have to question if a bot flag would be needed for what would realistically be a once a month action per page. And more, are the admins here incapable of keeping an eye on things so much that a bot is needed to do their job for them. * allows development. * also plays a prominent role in scientific computations. * appears in lists. * bases on experience - practical experience * becomes knowledge when interpreted by a human. * can be about many things, including people, places, and environments - become knowledge when it has been viewed within a coherent belief structure * causes understanding. * changes rapidly and increases at rates faster than at any other time in history. * city rich in history, culture, and tradition. * coin of exchange on the Net. * collected by the five senses comes into the brain from the spinal cord to the cortex. * comes from books - departments - individuals - observations - parents - primary sources - in print, electronic, multimedia, and human forms - into being when minds process sensations * commodity and information is everywhere. * concerns actual occurrences - adverse events - conditions - identities - potential adverse events - states - weather conditions * contains examples - in publications * covers rules. * depends on context, and the context of a particle is the entire universe. * describes effort * drives biochemistry, just as biochemistry underwrites information processing - governments, academia, industry and almost every aspect of modern life * driving force in today's world. * energizes and catalyzes the pace of progress. * enters the neuron primarily through the dendrites and exits through the axon. * exists in the world with or without behaviour. * explains concepts. * factor of successful work of a person, institution, organisation or state. * finds in books. * flow through the unconscious organism is episodic and driven by external stimuli. * flows affect outcomes - bidirectionally between different levels of biological organization - from gene to protein through two major processes, transcription and translation * fundamental aspect of life, along with energy and matter. * gives overviews. * global resource. * has economic value if it leads to the satisfaction of human desires - fundamentally different properties in economic terms - potential values - roles * helps adults - best choices - care - communities - comprehensions - decisions - employees - family members - future medical care - inform choices - interest - make decisions - managers * helps other family members - resources - student comprehensions - students - teachers - treatments * human necessity within a democratic society. * includes attributes - contact information - images - medical images - options - origins * indicates causes - high potential - revisions * involves patterns - the analysis and interpretation of data to describe something about a market * is abstraction - accusations - acquired, stored and retrieved in the brain by a complex process - also a novel key concept in the scientific understanding of reality * is always a perception and an experience of difference - and only transmitted through a series of physical processes * is an idea that has been given a form, such as the spoken or written word - intangible that can be made available in any media - unlimited resource that flows worldwide - any knowledge that can be communicated or documented - anything that makes a difference - associated with entropy, a measure of thermodynamic disorder - at the heart of learning and of knowledge - cognition * is communicated along axons by waves of ionic activity called action potentials - between neurons by the release and reception of chemical transmitters - created by discoveries - critical to all modes of human existence - crucial to the survival of society - data in context, data that has meaning, relevance, and purpose * is data organized and placed into a meaningful context for a specific purpose - presented in manner that makes it meaningful to user - set within a context of meaning - that has been organized in such a way that it is meaningful to a decision maker * is data that has been processed into a useful form - so that an action or decision can be made from it - structured to serve a purpose * is data that have been evaluated in the content of a specific problem situation - shaped or formed by humans into a meaningful and useful form - is organized and can be used for a purpose - which causes action * is encoded in every cell in our DNA and in all living things - the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA molecule * is essential in times of change - to participation in all aspects of society * is facts interpreted by ideas - with context and perspective - freedom - fundamental to community, as well as to communication, computation and cognition - general when it covers a wide variety of phenomena - handled in the nervous system in the form of a code made of nerve impulses - important and necessary for humans to make informed decisions - intelligence, the ability to make intelligent decisions * is key in all walks of life, fields of study, and every household - the knowledge-based economy * is knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact, subject, or event - or intelligence conveyed in a meaningful way - knowledge, wealth, the future * is located in books - demonstrations - internets - libraries - manuals - meetings - newspapers - television - meaning and meanings define each other in context - money and power in the business world * is now a commodity in itself, independently of goods or services - the dominant form of employment in developed nations - one of the most important commodities people consume today - only a part of information and consists of information * is part of newspapers - the life-blood of the industrialized nations of the world - physical and can exist in superpositions , or become entangled * is power and currency in the virtual world - it helps to equalize people - motivation - as much in the criminal world as in the business world * is power in education and employment - the same way that knowledge was power in the last century * is power, a world currency upon which fortunes are made and lost - and networking is the search for information - powered by knowledge * is presented in follow tables * is processed by the brain - data, or meaningful data * is provided by founders - organizations * is provided by other industry organizations - parties - third parties - read by measuring wavelengths over time - represented by relationships between data, and possibly other information - shown as an evolutionary tree that connects all organisms to each other * is stored by changing the magnetism of the particles - electronically in the form of digital data rather than as print or visuals * is stored in the brain as spatial networks called cognitive maps - impurity ions by a mechanism called hole burning - many convolutions of a brain * is synonymous with the uncertainty of a situation - events within a situation - technology, in the sense that it is part of the infrastructure of the organization - text, pictures, sounds, or anything else that can be encoded in letters and numbers * is the act of making sense or meaning of data - basic fuel of all mental development - bloodline of civilization - business of libraries * is the currency of democracy - digital culture - politics - science, business and industry * is the currency of the digital economy - new economy - today s world - difference that makes a difference - enemy of totalitarianism - energy of business * is the engine of a robust and sustainable economy - that motivates the Internet - fuel of the Internet economy - intelligence communicated or gathered * is the key element by which our culture transacts business - resource of the digital economy * is the key to awareness of hazardous substances - having choices, making decisions, and taking risks - health and long life * is the life blood of an organization - most organizations * is the lifeblood of all businesses - every organization - higher education institutions - markets - success in healthcare management - the market economy - that sustains political, social, and business decisions - meaning of data, so facts become understandable - negative of uncertainty * is the new currency of the global economy and the key to information is education - currency, the new wealth - orientation in Life - outcome of capturing and providing context to experiences and ideas - perfections of all automated production and consumption * is the process by which the receiver becomes less uncertain - of converting data to knowledge - product of computers organizing data into meaningful patterns - reason people go on the Web - reduction of uncertainty - resource that requires protection - result of data processing, used by people - shape of knowledge at the end of modernity - source of all change and growth - symbolic representation of data - ultimate explanation of life - what of what is represented - world's most valuable commodity - things like dates, times, descriptions, and pictures - transmitted over digital lines in the form of binary digits, or bits - universals - used to create knowledge * is viewed as a source of power and privilege - by individuals as a public good * is what can make growth occur - fuels the economy and the society - makes careers and companies move - organizations stake their branding and products on - people obtain from the computer's processing to work with - where logistics begins and ends in Today's world - written by authors * key component of today's political, social, and economic life. * leads to conclusions - insight * lesson that needs to be learned, and knowledge lesson learned. * life form. * link in the food chain which leads to knowledge. * measure of effect - one s freedom of choices when one selects a message - one's freedom of choice in selecting a message * mental, non-material concept. * needs to remain in the brain a period of time to be stored as long term memory. * occurs when the process produces something. * online is information at risk. * passes from cell to cell by way of a structure called the synapse. * pattern or design that rearranges data for instrumental purposes. * permeates structures. * perpetual form of energy. * pervasive and essential part of our society, and indeed, our lives. * plays a crucial role in the development of any nation - role in all markets - vital role in every aspect of life and work * powerful magnetic force. * precious commodity that in isolation has limited value. * presents in articles * primary currency. * provides courtesy - details - important insight * refers to evaluated data that are considered useful by an individual in problem solving. * relates to areas - factors - health care * requires information - observers * resource as important as any human, fiscal, or physical resource - for people, to extend human capabilities to better serve the public * reveals facts - features - interest facts * scarce commodity. * searching behaviour is associated with a diverse range of disciplines and problem areas. * sensed in the physical world is used to update information in the virtual world. * serves as the basis for beliefs, decisions, choices, and understanding our world. * shows effects - variability * society's full right and domain. * stored by computer is known as data. * stored in computers public record subject to disclosure - databases is the lifeblood of many businesses * subset of data. * suggests conditions. * supports basic concepts * takes form when an actual human being can be imagined. * technology spawned by bhaviour. * teleological concept. * thus constitutes a fundamental entity in the biophysical universe, on a par with energy. * tool of business, financial and economic planning - that empowers the lives of even the lowest social class * travels at different speeds within different types of neurons - the speed of light - through the nervous system via electrochemical pulses called action potentials * uses for other purposes - templates * vital commodity in the world of small business. + Clothing, Origin of clothing * There is no easy way to be sure when clothing was first developed. Some information comes from studying lice. The body louse lives in clothing, and diverged from head lice about 107,000 years ago. + Critical thinking * To find out if someone is telling you the truth, one needs evidence. Information is found in libraries, online, and by asking people. Professional librarians can help research library sources. Cybrarians can help research using computers. Professional interviewers are good at finding people who are experts in their fields, and they know how to ask the right questions. + Data storage device, Terminology * All information is data. However, not all data is information. + Division by two, Binary, Computers: Mathematics * Computers use the binary number system to store information. Information is broken up into tiny pieces called 'bits'. Each bit is either a 0 or a 1. Replacing regular division with bit shifts is a way to do program optimization. * You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available in the full announcement. Thank you for your understanding. + Flag semaphore: Flags :: Symbols :: Messaging :: Signalling * Flag semaphore' is a system of spreading information at a distance by using two flags. Information is told by the positions of the flags. Each set of positions has a meaning. * RfD pages can be added to your 'watchlist' if you choose this option in your Twinkle preferences. By default, no pages are added to your watchlist when using Twinkle's RfD module. More information is available at the preferences panel. * This licence was picked in 2002 because it was the best one available at that time. Information is available in English as well as many other languages. + Magnetic stripe card: Identification documents :: Magnetism :: Authentication methods * A 'Magnetic stripe card' is a plastic card which has a magnetic stripe on it. Different kinds of information can be stored on the magnetic stripe. Information is stored by changing the magnetism of the particles. * More information can go here. + Material * Information can be material. + Sikhism in Pakistan: religion in Pakistan :: Sikhism * Islamic faiths and some adherents to animist religions make up the remainder. Information is scarce on minority adherents. According to the CIA there are no more than 20,000 sikhs in Pakistan. To put this in perspective had there not been a partition in 1947 then the region that is called Pakistan to day would have had around 13 million sikhs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Acquaintance * are information * is information Anecdotal information * is that hybrid females do have sex with male humans. * supports the use of nutrition and herbs to control pain indirectly. Binary information * is just a type of digital information - used for computer storage + Prussian blue, Potential use in computer storage: Colors * This magnetic property means the compound can be used in computer storage. Binary information is used for computer storage. Biographical information * is used to prepare news releases and respond to media inquiries. * provides facts about a person's life. Bulletin * Canadian manufacturer of a wide range of quality blank garments. * are reports. * give details. * provide information. Clinical information * is especially important in interpretation of endocrine tests. * refers to the data contained in the patient record. Data point * are delta distances in units of arcseconds. * is information	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Database * Introduces the concepts and techniques of database systems. * Many databases allow textwords to be searched together as phrases with an adjacency command - require a username and password to read or write data * Many databases use indexing - passwords * Most databases contain human knowledge - use controlled vocabulary to organize records * Some databases are bibliographic, providing citations to published documents - catalogs of items owned in a particular place such as a library - describe epidemiology * Some databases use cookies to help keep track of log ons and searches - keep track of log-ons and searches * Use bibliographic databases to search for relevant journal articles. * act as electronic indexes to articles from magazines, journals and newspapers. * allow for information to dynamically change based on user preferences - the management and processing of large amounts of data - information to be stored and manipulated easily - users to search stored information in a variety of ways * also differ in the kinds of material they index. * are a key component in instrumentation - part of everyday life for many people - an example of concepts that typically expand as they evolve * are an important part of the Internet - way of organizing and analyzing large amount of information - collections of information and citations online - crucial tools for computer-aided software engineering - currently the dominant application for large computer systems - electronic repositories of information - equivalent to catalogs whose creation is implementation-defined - files - giant warehouses of information - ideal for information that is defined and categorized - important resources for sequence analysis and research - indexes to the articles in journals * are like catalogs for articles - file folders, and inside the folders are records - lists of information - often computerised versions of printed indexes - one of the tools that libraries use to keep track of published information - organised collections of information or records in computer format * are organized collections of information - related data - lists of facts and information - probably one of the most common and fundamental types of software - programs that contain information that can be searched according to various criteria - simple text files - storehouses for large amounts of information * are the banks that hold the currency of information - core of all business information systems - driving force behind e-commerce - electronic replacement for traditional filing and record keeping systems - foundations of systems * are the ideal format for inputting, storing, searching and retrieving information - way to store and retrieve information over the Web - most vital part of the Internet - repositories of data that drive e-commerce applications - textual counterparts of spreadsheet programs * base on versions. * can act as the intermediary between multiple agents - move transparently between operating systems and computer architectures - operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks - store tremendous amounts of data arranged in a bewildering array of tables and fields - transmit films, news, books and photos * collect, sort, and present information according to fields. * come from different sources. * come from several different sources * consist of data, stored in a data structure - lists of indexed and searchable items - varying numbers of different types of records * constitute one of the key technologies that is spearheading the Information Revolution. * contain ecological information - financial information - full text - results - summaries - taxonomic information - the information that is used to analyze and determine a solution to a problem * cover electronic indexes that are purchased each year. * differ from Internet sites in content, organization, and appearance - in the kinds of information that they include * essentially are tools that allow the storage and retrieval of information. * gateways help programs read and write to remote databases or files. * have differences - ranges - significant amounts of stored data * include detail information - maps - topics * look like rows and columns, but a Web site network. * make it easier to store and organize large amounts of information - possible to store large amounts of data and retrieve it quickly * manage information. * manages and manipulates a collection of data. * match human and mouse genes. * offer an orderly means for storing data. * often have their own scripting environments or languages that are pretty powerful. * organize information efficiently. * play an ever increasing, and critical, role in almost all areas where computers are used - important role in identifying unknown compounds * present an orderly means for storing, defining, and drawing relationships between, data. * provide a way of organizing, finding, and analyzing information - citation databases - development - suggestions - useful information - valuable resources * range from millions to trillions of bytes of data. * use booleans logic to link words and phrases and combine terms - different symbols to truncate words - for applications * usually are the product of some professional society, interest group or government agency.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database: Bibliographic database * are still the main portal to scholarly literature. * contain citations to the printed literature, for example library catalogues - records which provide a description and sometimes an abstract Computer database * are computer files. * have the ability to store huge collections of scientific, machine-readable data. Computerized database * allow fast searching, sorting, and merging. * are only as accurate as the data they are fed. Deductive database * are paraconsistent theory systems which change over time * manage large quantity of data and, in general, in a set-oriented way. Electronic database * Many electronic databases are continuations of printed sources that list the same type of material. * are databases - tools used for finding information on recent topics * make it possible to delve deeper into the records of individuals. * provide opportunities for libraries to share bibliographic information - suggestions Large database * Many large databases are also large only because of their range of information. * are a place where the money is made. * consisting of hundreds of thousands of student records exist in universities.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| database: List * allow people to communicate with a group of people who have similar interests and concerns - share ideas and information * appear in issues. * are N-dimensional arrays that are indexed associatively. * are a simple form of map - standard datatype in functional languages - way of reaching a group of people by e-mail messages - an electronic way to distribute information - created by computer programs - important because they provide a structure to group symbols together - linear structures that can be accessed both by position and by stack and queue functions - lists - located in tables - lookup tables - part of south parks - where folks ask questions, give answers, and generally share information * can contain objects of different type, including lists. * contain information - substances * facilitate information sharing among groups of people with common interests. * field in which there are items separated by commas. * give information - more information * have a structural role as well as semantic role. * include additional details - characters - examples - few examples - options - samples - types - useful information - vegetation types - women * includes items. * list of atoms, integers or floating point numbers - elements that are currently uninstantiated or instantiated to an atom or number * provide contact information - insight * show skills. * includes article name requested followed by number of pages that references it. + List of tallest structures in the world: Lists of buildings * The list also includes some other structures like oil platforms, electrical towers, bridge towers, etc. List is organized by absolute height since it includes many different classes of structures.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| database \| list: Alphabet * Some alphabets are thousands of years old, while some languages don t even have an alphabet - use one hand, some use two hands * are character sets - part of formal language - scripts - word division * written language. + Fingerspelling: Sign languages * Fingerspelling is a part of some sign languages. The picture shows the fingerspelling in American Sign Language. Fingerspelling is not the same everywhere. Different countries have different ways of fingerspelling. Some alphabets use one hand, some use two hands. ### message \| information \| database \| list \| alphabet: Phonetic alphabet * are technology for homogenization of cultures. * is an alphabet	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database \| list: Bibliography * Bibliographies Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. * Bibliographies Use bibliographies to locate more information on topics of interest - for finding the standard primary sources and secondary works on a subject * Bibliographies are at times also referred to as references, works cited, and literature - descriptive listings of useful resources on a particular topic - hypertext - key parts of the bibliographic structure of information - listings of articles or books by topic * Bibliographies are lists of articles , sometimes with annotations, on specific subjects - books, periodicals, and other publications on special topics - citations or references pertaining to a particular subject - information sources - recommended books on a certain topic - multilingual - reference work - useful when gathering material for a research paper * Bibliographies can lead to articles, reports, books - save extraordinary amounts of time in conducting research - collect, organize and present the field's book and periodical literature - gather citations in a specific topic, sometimes with some links to on-line documents - lead to titles of books on particular subjects for specific age or grade level - often appear at the ends of articles in encyclopedias or periodicals - refer the reader to both English and foreign language works * Bibliographies usually cover historical or retrospective material, rather than current sources - group together works by a particular author or on a particular topic * Some bibliographies focus on individual writers - specific groups of writers * is the description of publication data of a source - foundation of all textual study ### message \| information \| database \| list \| catalogue: Library catalog * are catalogues. * contain information on items owned by a library. * locate literary criticism and textual analysis in books and dissertations. Library catalogue * are a kind of metadata. * refer to controlled vocabularies as subject headings. ### message \| information \| database \| list \| catalogue \| library catalogue: Card catalog * are inherently single-user devices - library catalogs * are located in kitchens - libraries - stores * are used for librarians - organizations of information - storing information * library catalogue * work in libraries, for example, because they have an agreed upon indexing system. Checklist * are an important tool for community-based health workers who provide contraceptives - another way of helping people to retain items in short-term memory - handouts that have the skill mechanics broken down into a sequential order - lists - means of abstracting and transferring knowledge * can sometimes help employees stay focused on a task and organize their work. * help important tasks * includes items. * provide overviews. Email list * Email Lists allow a person to send email to many people at a time. * are a way for individuals to mail individual comments to a group - private or public lists maintained by the registered administrator * provide a way of linking one email address to a group of people.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database \| list: Index * Indices allow documents to be retrieved by correspondent, date, repository. * Indices also change in response to treatment of some anemias - serve as a benchmark for measuring the performance of fund managers * Indices are a special kind of table which have pointers between other tables and records - market portfolio data, including dividend yields, net returns, prices, turnovers, etc - statistical combinations of several time series - the mechanism underlying hypertext, providing a mapping from text phrase to attributes * Indices have citations of numerous studies on many different aspects of population - lists of pages organized by topic - often reflect trends in the market and in the economy * Most indices are hierarchal, meaning that they begin with very broad categories. * Some indices measure specific industries. * are an important feature of the hard-copy version of Science of Religion - baskets of stocks that represent a stock market or asset class - commercial products to which libraries subscribe - common measures of sectors of the stock market's performance - database objects that optimize the searching and sorting of data - facts - files - fingers - guides to a document or group of documents concerning a particular topic or person - important in that they allow for very rapid retrieval of data - listings of all the articles in a given list of periodicals * are lists of articles printed in journals, popular magazines, and newspapers - journal article titles and their authors - luxuries - part of reference books - predicates - properties of fields - scales - simply an easily monitored interest rate that moves up and down over time - sites that provide links to other sites' news stores - special documents which, rather than being read, can be searched - structures maintained by the database engine to speed access to the data - the most common type of search engine * are tools of accessibility - which lists articles or other documents by subject, author, or title - transcriptions, and errors can occur whenever something is copied - used for references * can grow to any size. * describe the contents of journals and other publications. * drape The ability of a fabric or prepreg to conform to a contoured surface. * fall between symbols and icons in their level of abstractness. * finish A mixture of materials for treating glass or other fibers. * give information. * have a long history in libraries. * include lists. - key words - syllables * is an indicator of the broad market. * is the leading electronic stock photography agency in the world - number of the drawing list * is used to allow representation of values in an array - define which variable to check * manufacturer of equipment for the visually impaired. * melt A charge of molten metal. * organize information by topic and geographical areas. * predict exposure levels * provide a way of identifying stories on particular topics, events, or people - lists of companies within a particular industry * refers to electronic indexes as well as to print indexes in the back of a book. * reflect values. * represent the average performance of all securities in their particular focus area. * weft The transverse threads or fibers in a woven fabric. + Congressional Record: Legislative branch of the United States government * It is published by the United States Government Printing Office. It is issued when the United States Congress is in session. Indexes are printed about every two weeks. At the end of a session of Congress, the daily editions are assembled into bound volumes creating permanent editions. The Congressional Record is similar to Hansards, which report on the parliamentary debates in the UK's Westminster system of government. House of Commons.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database \| list \| index: Concordance * are alphabetical listings of most of the words used in the Bible - among the earliest analytical tools that took words out of context - handy tools that list of all the words in a book or group of books - lines of text * full text document database program with limited transcript-processing features. * is an index * method used to show the context of each term that is searched for. * simply means when one twin developed schizophrenia, the other did, too. Electronic index * Many electronic indexes have a searchable field relating to document type. * allow searching by keywords in addition to author, title, subject, etc. * cover anywhere from one year to twenty years. * provide only citations to books or articles. Periodical index * Many periodical indexes refer to articles that report the results of public opinion surveys. * Some periodical indexes are books, while others are on computers. * are also usually specific to a field such as psychology or medicine - lists of articles found in periodicals * provide access to the content of individual periodical titles. Site index * is used in a variety of ways, such as in formulating silviculture prescriptions. * measure of the productivity of forest soils for a particular species - relative productive capability of a forest area Subject index * Subject indices classify and catalogue resources by content. * work like a hierarchy or tree using subject headings. Web index * are most useful to find Web pages on a specific topic - online catalogues that organize Web pages into categories - the way to go, because they search all the contents of a website * attempt to organize the vast resources of the Internet by subject, category, etc. * offer a categorized approach to web sites. * use hypertext to present their lists of resources, which facilitates browsing.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| database \| list: Inventory * Inventories are a kind of capital good - also important to manufacturing companies - documents - listings of all personal property on hand at the time of decedent's death - merely stock of goods held for use in production, or for sale or resale - products held for resale - questionnaires with many items - registers - stocks of goods in progress - build when no one is buying products, which decreases profits and thus stock prices - serve to stabilize prices between growing seasons * crucial part of every organization. * generally means goods, wares, and merchandise held by a business for sale. * includes the collection, synthesis, and presentation of biological data and information. * is all the money invested in products sold - measured in terms of number of areas and total acreage - raw material that goes in and comes out as finished goods * is the cost of goods a business buys to resell - first step to conserving plant diversity - list of the contents of collections - lubricant of a strong economy - number on hand at the end of the year - stock or store of an item or a resource used by an organization - store of raw materials, parts, and finished products on hand - used to cope with uncertainty along the supply chain - valued by average cost * refers to products a company owns for the purpose of selling to customers. * refers to the amount of goods being stored - identification and documentation of all such programs, systems, and devices ### message \| information \| database \| list \| inventory: Excess inventory * byproduct of poor information flow. * is the deadliest of deadly sins in the supply chain - downside of buying large quantities at a reduced price from vendors Linked list * are a collection of data ordered sequentially. + LISP: Programming languages * Linked lists are a very important data structure in Lisp.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database \| list: Mailing list * Mailing Lists are email-based discussion groups - relationship building tools * allow e-mail messages to be sent automatically to a large number of addresses. * allow groups of people to discuss a common interest via email - exchange e-mail * are a form of discussion groups on the Internet - e-mail conferencing * are a kind of e-mail club made up of people who want to discuss a common interest - online discussion group - mechanism for group communications - quick, easy way to send identical emails to more than one person - set of people who receive electronic mail as a group - simple electronic means of discussion or disseminating information - small but important part of the Internet * are a way for a group of people with similar interests to share ideas through email - of discussing some specific subject using e-mail * are a way to communicate over the Internet using email - discuss topics with several people via email - communities of people helping each other * are discussion groups for various topics - in which the discussions are carried out by e-mail - discussions that are email based - dynamic meeting places for the exchange of ideas, opinions, and information * are e-mail based discussion groups devoted to specific topics - discussion groups on specific topics * are electronic bulletin boards structured around a central topic or interest - discussion forums - discussions that are held via e-mail - forums with a specialized subject focus - email forums * are forums for discussion that operate via email - used to disseminate information about specific topics - fun ways to share ideas and interests with a like-minded group of people - groups of individuals with the same interests * are groups of people who communicate and discuss various topics and issues via e-mail - share emails around a particular topic or interest - in many ways the last secret place on the Internet - increasingly important resources for information in the practice of law - information resources that are more dynamic than Web pages * are like common property in information space - discussion groups on e-mail - marketplaces - one of the most common, public spaces on the internet * are one of the most useful and used aspects of the Internet - tools on the Internet - oldest and most popular resources on the Internet - type of electronic bulletin boards for Internet - online discussion groups designed for people with similar interests * are public forums - mediums, with no real confidentiality - simply computer distribution lists - software-controlled ways of sending email to a specified group of people - something like newsgroups - subject-oriented email discussion groups - subscription groups for communication by e-mail * are the backbone of open source communications - electronic mail equivalent of radio broadcasting - most basic form of Internet conferencing - very similar to newsgroups * can also be a way to find help from others. * exist on the Internet as a way of disseminating information on a given topic. * group of people with same hobby, interest etc. * is simply a list of e-mail addresses of people interested in the same subject. * offers ways for people with common interests to send messages to one another. * provide a single email address for a whole group of people - people with a common interest to exchange mail messages and information * use electronic mail to distribute posts to lists of subscribers. * work by assigning a single email address to an entire group of people.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database \| list: Menu * are a way of selecting commands from a list while using the mouse or keyboard - agendas - bills - fares - lists * are located in advertisements - bars - brailles - cafes - delis - diners - internet sites - tables - one of the most common ways of adding interaction to an application - used for customers - widgets that allow the user to make choices among actions or states * consist of breakfasts. * contain food - nutrients - products * describe choices - course course choices * feature dishes - popular dishes * have pages - pictures - requirements * include citrus fruit - fresh fruit - options - sandwiches * includes items. * provide options. * reflect essence. Playlist * are lists. * includes items.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| database \| list \| roll: Bagel * also are popular among vegetarians. * are bread - buns - food - great food and low in fat - located in bakeries - made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweet kinds of spices - roll - the cornerstone of the popular Jewish snack of bagels, lox and cream cheese * contain flour, malt, salt, and yeast. * ' are a type of bread made with flour. They look like doughnuts, and they are leavened with yeast. They have a crisp, shiny crust and a dense inside. Bagels are glazed, and in a ring-shaped roll. They are different from doughnuts because they are boiled before baked. * are made from the basic bread ingredients of flour, yeast, salt, and sweet kinds of spices. Flour gives the bread its chewy taste, which can be made more light by eggs, milk, and butter. They are the only bread product that is boiled before it is baked. * is roll Bialy * are low in calories, fat and cholesterol and have no preservatives added. * is roll<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| database \| list \| roll: Bread roll * are common in Europe , mostly in Germany and Austria - Europe, mostly in Germany and Austria. * Europe, mostly in Germany and Austria. They are also common in both Australia and New Zealand, and very common in Canada. In Germany and Austria, there large variety of bread rolls, ranging from white rolls made with wheat flour, to dark rolls containing mostly rye flour. Many variants include spices, such as coriander and cumin, nuts, or seeds, such as sesame seeds, poppy seed or sunflower seeds ### message \| information \| database \| list \| roll \| natural: Natural change * dwarfs anything humans can do to the climate. * is births minus deaths. Natural evil * includes diseases and natural catastrophes and things like that. * is seen in a volcanic eruption, plague, earthquake and destructive fire. * result of moral evil. Natural fragrance * Many natural fragrances are liable to saponification and can only be used in re-melt. * have a tendency to have a subtle, lower note than synthetic fragrances. Natural gardening * is all about mimicking nature and putting nature's tools to work. * promotes the ecological balances that nature intended. * welcome trend in garden design. Natural lanolin * helps restore weathered, worn and mildewed leather safely and quickly. * makes the wool water resistent. Natural lighting * accentuates surfaces with shadows and is quite capable of defining space. * is used extensively in the reading rooms augmented by artificial light. * poses some problems in office environments. Natural predation * Most natural predation plays roles. * is natural. * plays minor roles Natural thing * All natural things have intrinsic value, inherent worth. * achieve success in life by fulfilling their function or telos. * are located in space and they endure, more or less, in time. Natural ytterbium * mix of seven stable isotopes. * mixture of seven stable isotopes, with seven other unstable isotopes known	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| database \| list \| roll \| natural: Poisonous mushroom * Many poisonous mushrooms look similar to edible ones. * Some poisonous mushrooms grow on wood - look nearly identical to non-poisonous mushrooms * are natural. * can cause four distinct clinical syndromes - contaminate other mushrooms * contain a variety of different toxins that can differ markedly in toxicity. * outnumber edible mushrooms more than ten to one. ### message \| information \| database \| list \| roster: Lineup * LineUp multiple sequence editor used to create multiple sequence alignments. * LineUp screen editor for editing and displaying overlapping sequences * are displayings - lines Timetable * are located in bus stops - train stations - schedules * includes items. * lead to protests - street protests Multidimensional database * allow for the clustering of data along two or more axes. * are akin to spreadsheets, storing data in a matrix-like structure. Numeric database * consist of tables or statistics. * contain data extracted from a source document, or a data collection. * supply quantitative data.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| database: Relational database * allow elaborate queries on simple data - entry to data from multiple points * are an important ingredient in modernizing legacy computer systems - computer databases - electronic databases - memory hogs * are the most popular kind of database in use today - platform for supporting data warehouses and data marts - type available in the commercial world * attempt to minimize storage space by eliminating redundant data. * can handle large, complex data sets. * get more and more employed in order to store the content of a web site - their information from a single source * help reduce the unnecessary replication of data. * provide data storage for mission critical applications around the globe. * reduce the amount of data that needs to be inputted into the system. * represent a central container for all sorts of information - data using a tree structure - missing information with a special indicator - a null * serve as repositories for the dynamically generated data. * use tables to store information. Temporal database * deal with the storage and manipulation of data about time. * provide a uniform and systematic way of dealing with historical data. Whois database * Find people by institution. * maintain information about domain names. Wordnet * lexical database for English where the words are organized into synonym sets. * lexicographic database for the english language.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Datum * All data is an abstraction or a representation of something real. * Data accumulated through observation is the basic source of knowledge in science - also show that females immigrate into colonies more frequently than males * Data are bits of information analyzed to draw and explain conclusions - entities that convey meaning - items of information on which scientific inquiry are based - means of distances in meters traveled during sample days - patterns stored on a passive medium like a computer disk - pieces of information that become useful when they are organized in a meaningful way - raw facts that contain time, content, and form * Data are simply numbers or alphabetic characters which represent some entity or entities - pieces of information that are used to describe the world - the basic elements of information * Data are the building blocks of knowledge and the lifeblood of research - knowledge and the seeds of discovery - scientific knowledge and the seeds of discovery - components of information - outcome of experiments, or observations - pieces of information that are operated on by programs - time, in decimal day, and concentration, in micrograms per liter - becomes information when it can be fit into a pattern of data that has meaning - binding allows developers to create objects that represent database records - can come in many forms, such as text , graphics and sounds - classification of seasonal land cover types * Data collection of facts, measurements or observations - unorganized facts, which can include words, numbers, images, and sounds - cutoffs and scheduling are integral parts of a model's input and output - diagramming involves integrating graphics and data - driven graphics rather than graphics driven data is how information is managed - drives decisions and actions * Data encoding involves the translation of data in one form to another - obfuscations affect how the stored data is interpreted - file A file that contains data from a database - form of power - have formats, written in a language that a computer can read - is always data relative to a theory, or a small number of competing theories * Data is any information that is collected in order to learn something - the student can observe, measure, and then record - bits and bytes * Data is information organized for analysis or used as the basis for making a decision - which the computer references as it runs it's program * Data link efficiency is effected by the losses introduced by splices and connectors - system in which written information is transmitted to pilots in the cockpit - means information, like a person's name, address, and phone number - modeling defines the relationships between data elements and structures - objects in messages are types - refer to the number of persons in the total population per square kilometre of the total area - scrambling enables data to be encrypted * Data show that anti-obesity drugs help some people to lose weight and maintain weight loss - human health is related to environmental health - updating involves altering, adding, or deleting data stored in local or remote files * Some data indicate that formation of prostacyclin suppresses atherogenesis - obesity among children is on the increase - suggest big brown bats forage orient toward the loudest natural sound fields * Some data suggest that it reduces the blood's tendency to clot - smokers differ widely in readiness to quit * are information. + RAID, Basics: simple RAID levels, RAID levels used less, RAID 2: Storage devices * This was used with very large computers. Special expensive disks and a special controller are needed to use RAID Level 2. Special calculations are done. Data is split up into static sequences of bits. 8 data bits and 2 parity bits are put together. Then a Hamming code is calculated. The fragments of the Hamming code are then distributed over the different disks.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| datum: Biometric datum * Biometric data are separate and distinct from personal information - is information about the physical make-up of the cardholder + Biometrics: Biology :: Computer science :: Authentication methods * When selecting features, those choosing must also look at social acceptance. Taking a fingerprint may be ok, taking a blood test may not be. Some biometric data is also easier to fake, e.g. signatures. Current datum * Current data show that vaccine-induced antibody levels decline gradually over time. * Current data suggest that essentially all colorectal cancers originate from adenomatous polyps - modern humans evolved from archaic humans primarily in East Africa Epidemiological datum * Epidemiological data is information on transmissible diseases in the population. * Epidemiological data show that cancer incidence increases exponentially when plotted against age - such patients are at increased risk for both stroke and heart attack - suggest antidepressants reduce suicide risk among depressives Limited datum * Limited data do suggest anthocyanins possess anticancer properties. * Limited data indicate that caffeine has the potential to biodegrade in soil - the potential to biodegrade in water - mercury has accumulated in some fish * Limited data suggest that imipramine is likely to be excreted in human breast milk - thioridazine is likely to be excreted in human breast milk - zotepine is an antipsychotic, at least as effective as typical drugs Molecular datum * Molecular data facilitate a reevaluation of traditional tenets of polyploid evolution - form the heart of genetics and subsequently evolution - show that archaebacteria and eukaryotes share a more recent common ancestor * Molecular data suggest an early acquisition of the mitochondrion endosymbiont - that whales and dolphins evolved from hippo-like ancestors<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| datum: Personal datum * Personal data can also include sound, digital photographs and images - includes an expression of opinion about an individual * Personal data is data about an identified or identifiable individual that is recorded in any form - information about living, identifiable individuals - the responsibility of each user to back up on their own - relates to living individuals who can be identified from that data - unit of exchange that is openly monitored and used to increase power Recent datum * More recent data indicate that sleep, like consciousness, is an active process. * Recent data indicate that significant neurogenesis takes place even in the adult human brain - show that the hibernation period for some animals is becoming shorter - show, however, that phytochrome has another role during the life span of higher plants Scientific datum * Scientific data are our best understanding of truth. * Scientific data is found in the form of variables - important to policy making - the lifeblood of all research activity - shows the correlation of wave shapes with aura color - suggest that vegetarians have reduced risks for several degenerative diseases<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| datum: Spatial datum * Spatial data are the coordinates of the spatial information - describes where map features are, whereas attribute data describe what they are * Spatial data is data pertaining to the location and spatial dimensions of geographical entities - modeled in layers, all defined by the same object space and coordinate system - stored in a digitized computer file - used in a wide variety of economic, social and environmental applications - relate to the location and movements of a player	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Demographic information * is any information related to the identity of the cardholder - considered public, such as name, age, race and address of deceased - used only to help match profiles * is used to automatically calculate drug doses - compare key quality of life issues - create statistical data for our own reference - useful for marketing, health purposes and government planning Detail information * is presented in follow tables * provides insight.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information: Digital information * All digital information is described as a string of ones and zeros called bits. * allows for faster communications and widespread distribution of information. * can disappear in a heartbeat. * is also easier to store and transmit in or on a wide variety of media - characterized by fragility and rapid technological obsolescence - electronic information, the result of computer processing - ephemeral both in form and in meaning - restricted to a finite set of values - sent as a signal that changes between two tones Documentation * follows modules. * includes copies. * is confirmation. * is the bridge between individual and organizational knowledge - continuum of care - process of giving recognition to someone for using their ideas and research - written, visual, audio and electronic information about a place - validations * means of assuring accuracy in reconstructing events - providing a record of an occurrence * specific set of instructions for operating and maintaining computer programs. ### message \| information \| documentation: Preferred documentation * birth certificate or baptismal certificate. * is an identification card such as a driver's licence. Electronic information * exhibits complex behavior that was absent in the age of documents. * given in today's enterprise. * is also easier to deliver to large numbers of people - fixed neither in time nor in space * key driver of revenue and worth. * lives on computers and computers are literally everywhere. Embedded information * hidden and inseparable digital signature or fingerprint. * is inseparable annotations or labels of multimedia documents. Empirical information * is information about the world as it is. * takes a variety of forms from qualitative to quantitative. Factoid * also play an important role in the debate about guns in school. * are information - news items<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information: Familiarity * affects the assessment of facial signals in free-ranging rhesus macaques. * also plays a role in the decision-making process. * applies to the species, the trait, and cultivation practices. * breeds the perception of quality. * can also increase a young female's chance of breeding successfully. * indexes the extent to which imported specialized goods enhance learning productivity. * involves connectedness. - unrelated to any characteristic about that food, such as smell or taste or texture - what leads to habits * makes it easier to notice any changes in the breast from one month to another. * plays a key role in a great many aspects of music and trumpet playing. Follow information * comes from books - departments * explains concepts. * gives overviews. * provides details. Format * are appearances - part of publications * collection of output or web page format descriptions or routine links. * All formats allow a plain year, such as , to stand for that year. ### message \| information \| format: File format * are important to the computer and tell the computer how to save the picture. * determine the way information in a spreadsheet document is stored in a file. * exist so that applications can store and retrieve data electronically - computer applications can store and retrieve data electronically	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information \| format: Graphics format * Many graphics formats use some form of data compression. * Most graphics formats appear in two forms - vector or raster. * are how images are compressed and stored for transfer to other places.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information: Freedom of information * human right recognised in international law. * is an essential aspect of life in a mature democracy. * is crucial for the development of human being - to the political health of a modern democracy - essential in a democracy * is the ability to access the Web without censorship or restrictions * ' is the right to freedom of expression on the Internet and other information technology. Freedom of information is the ability to access the Web without censorship or restrictions. * human right recognised in international law. Freedom of speech includes not only the text and pictures but also the means of expression * very important factor in a democracy.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information: Genetic information * Most genetic information comes from parents - has values * allows development. * can affect different people in many ways. * comes from only one parent, and all offspring are virtually identical * directs the synthesis of proteins. * has potential values * is copied and transmitted from generation to generation. * is encoded in the sequence of the bases along a DNA molecule - within the sequence of bases - information about inherited characteristics - organized into chromosomes in the nucleus, or control center, of the cell - shared information * is stored in a linear message on nucleic acids - through the specific order of the nucleotides - the end product of genetic testing - theoretically identical in each cell - used to detect the impact of human activities on the environment * provides insight. Genomic information * can also affect families and ethnic groups that share genetic similarities - indicate the future likelihood of some diseases * has the capacity to produce a great deal of good for society. Geographic information * can describe the past, the present and the future. * is composed of spatial and attribute data - just one element of government policy Health information * covers diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood. * is also a huge part of newer media, like cable television and the internet. * is among the most sensitive information about individuals - there is about individuals - some of the most popular content on the Internet * is the lifeblood of the health care system - number one topic people look for in the internet Hereditary information * is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell - which are carried on chromosomes - encoded in particular sequences of nucleotides * moves only from germline cells to somatic cells. + Central dogma of molecular biology: Molecular biology * This is the principle that hereditary information moves only from genes to body cells, and never in reverse. Hereditary information moves only from germline cells to somatic cells. Important information * helps family members - managers * helps other family members * All important information is there too	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Indicator * All indicators show that monkeys react to the diet in the same way as rats. * Describe the influence of geography on Roman economic, social and political development. * Many indicators are quantitative, such as the percentage of a country s forest cover. * Most indicators are weak organic acids or bases that react with ions in solution - require information on the numbers of births, deaths, and population size * Use algebraic, geometric, and physical models to represent numeric procedures. * also are important in forecasting. * are a bridge between scientists and decision-makers - communication tool between policymakers and scientists - group of compounds that change color when added to acids or bases - also like the gauges and dials of an aircraft's instrument panel * are bits of information that highlight what is happening in the large system - reflect the status of large systems * are chemicals that are different colors in different pH ranges - change colors depending on the pH of the solution - which change colour when they are put into acids or alkalis - data analyzed and presented in a context that conveys meaning - devices - essentially pieces of information that reveal conditions and, over time, trends - generally things that can be seen, counted or measured * are like stock market indices * are measurable attributes or aspects of criteria - properties of plants and soil * are measurements taken to describe the state of something or to monitor changes - that convey information about more than just themselves - measures that quantify or qualify a specific criterion - one of the most effective means of monitoring changes in a system * are organic dyes that change color when an acid or base is added - molecules that turn different colors in acidic and basic solutions - quantifiable measures of economic, environmental and community sustainability - quantitative or qualitative variables which can be measured or described - short term measures of achievement - signals * are signs or clues that abuse has occurred - neglect has occurred - signs, symptoms, or clues that suggest that abuse has occurred or is likely to occur - statistical snapshots of the past and present growth of a community - systems that lock up on a regular basis * are the definitions and sources of measures of community health and well-being - number of community partners and program participants - signs that change has occurred * are tools of measurement that help to make an assessment precise - that measure simplify communicate Important issues and trends - to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment * can take many shapes and forms. * include diversity. * reveal patterns. * work by turning a distinctive color in the presence of an acid or a base. ### message \| information \| indicator: Chemical indicator * Some chemical indicators are specific to particular forms of pollution. * are only one way to assess the state of water quality. Fuel gauge * Some fuel gauges are part of aeroplanes - airplanes - automobiles - cars - motorbikes * are gauges - part of fuel systems * is an indicator Price index * Price indices do a good job accounting for changes in the quality of goods - measure the inflation rate * are indexs. - used to convert to base-year dollars Price level * is an indicator * refers to the average of all prices in the economy and is measured by a price index. Reference point * Reference Points are conceptual points used to separate groups of ISDN function. * are indicators. Statistical indicator * are a powerful tool in the struggle for human rights. * provide a framework for good governance. Sustainable indicator * help achieve sustainability goals. * link the social, environmental, and economic qualities of a community.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Information flow * affects the standard of care. * are also important in understanding how an operation works - what our economies run on * is an increasingly important component of the supply chain - the lifeblood of any business Information theft * is also key area of criminal activity for governments - human activities * occurs in many ways. Information visualization * deals with representing concepts and datain a meaningful way. * is considered as a domain of scientific visualization. * product of the Dynamic era. Kabbala * describes the process of reflections which gave rise to creation. * is an ancient form of Jewish mysticism. Limited information * exists on thiethylperazine's effects during pregnancy or breast-feeding. * is available on the carcinogenic effects of ethylbenzene in humans or animals. Little information * exists about the amount of xylene in food. * is available regarding predation of black carpenter ants. * is known about proteins involved in acute radiation response - the trichomonads from human and animal hosts in the Philippines Market information * includes prices, supply and demand data, and market trends. * is the life-blood of our markets. Measurement system * All measurement systems have error, and all surveying systems derive coordinates from measurements. * are information. * use survey data to assess customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction. Medical information * changes rapidly. * is communicated physician to physician - different from any other kind of information that a person can disclose - the application of information technology to medicine and health care Meta information * is information about information. + HTML: Markup languages :: Internet :: Web design * HTML can also be used to add meta information to a webpage. Meta information is information 'about' the web page. For example, the name of the person who made it. Meta information is not usually shown by web browsers. Misinformation * are common tactics used to sell and promote products. * contributes to misunderstanding. * is the basis of hate. * leading cause of the stigma associated with mental illness. * leads to problems. * results in fear and irrational behavior. * truth told as a lie or a fiction. ### message \| information \| misinformation: Disinformation * are located in internets - misinformation * causes chaos magick which feeds demons. * is an effective weapon against belief systems - synonymous with dissatisfaction and disillusion - the biggest Mexican art of the twentieth century * lie told as a truth. * search engine with a twist. * takes many forms. * tool designed to deal with short term or delimited affairs. New information * can change specialized brain functions. * inhibits the emergence and awareness of previously processed information.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: News * causes commotion - concern * form of broadcast protocol. * is about things that happen that matter to the people getting the news - also the main part of a commodity - anything that other people are interested in - information content * is located in newspapers - television - tv - news, whether it is good or bad * is part of mediums - people and pictures and storytelling and simple truths - public communication * is that which directly affects the real life of the majority of people - is unique * is the accurate and objective coverage of events - general information upon which a game is played - most common type of information searched for online - time-related, usually a specific event or something resulting from an event * is what happens at the margins of our lives - moves the world and the markets - publishers and networks traditionally spent money on - written by children in news bureaus across the world * is, by definition, the reporting of NEW information. * popular information commodity on the Web. * seems to influence our feelings, thoughts, behavior and attitudes in everyday life. * usually relates to an event that is important in a contained period of time. ### message \| information \| news: Hard news * is news. * refers to news that usually leads off a newscast. Large fire * Most large fires are wind driven events - wind-driven events - take place in the Western states * are actually more likely to occur in sparse, wooded areas, where there are fewer people. * can create their own winds and weather, increasing their flow of oxygen. * is news. * occur on the background of mass fires. * start as small fires.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| news: New research * Some new research indicates that sleep dramatically strengthens growth in brain connections. * indicates that daily estrogens are as safe as cyclical estrogens for most women - sugars and starches affect blood glucose levels similarly * shows that even teenagers have fatty plaques growing in their arteries - infants have brains that are smarter, faster and busier than adults - just about all antidepressants cause sexual dysfunction - male moths use their wings to sniff the air for attractive mates - the immune cells of young mammals are able to attack invading pathogens * suggests that kelp plants have properties that help arthritis, eczema, and rheumatism - most stones start with tiny bacteria that live in urine + Canowindra, New South Wales, History: Towns in New South Wales * In October 1863, bushranger Ben Hall's gang took over the village for three days. Everyone was held hostage in the hotel. The gang held a big party for everyone in the hotel. A monument to Ben Hall was put up in 1951 on the site of Robinson's hotel, the 'Travellers' Rest'. New research shows that the events happened at an hotel on the other side of the river. Television news * child's window to the world. * is dominated by traffic accidents, violence, and entertainment. * is news - programs * prominent source of children's fears. Update * are activities + Nintendo 3DS system software: Operating systems * Nintendo 3DS system software' is software on the Nintendo 3DS video game console that can be updated. These updates, which are downloaded through the system's Internet connection, lets Nintendo add and take away features and software. Updates also have changes from previous versions. Newsletter * are e-Mails written by a single person or some institution and sent to all subscribers - major beneficiaries of the desktop publishing revolution - periodicals that cater to a specialized readership - reports * can be a way for a company to generate revenues. * contain news. * have pictures. * include background information * offer information - timely information * provide summaries. Numerical information * is stored as numbers. * refers to application numbers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Personal information * includes all information that describes or locates an individual - such things as an individual's name, address, and phone number * is any information that relates to an identifiable person - information about a person that readily identifies that specific individual * is information about an identifiable individual - natural person * is information that can be used to identify a person - to locate an individual online or offline - which identifies individuals - private property - that which can identify an individual personally - the real currency * is used internally for the maintenance of customer accounts - primarily to determine individual accounts - what concerns most people * means any information about an identifiable individual Public information * involves the communication and promotion of the value of services offered. * is information - open access * is public information as far as the agency's concerned * means reaching a wider range of people to explain problems and explore solutions. Qualitative information * attempts to understand how program participants are thinking and feeling. * is especially useful for understanding subjective points of view. * permits communities to act in an informed way. Quantitative information * allows development. * comes from measurement. Reliable information * is one of the most important things in life - provided by organizations * is provided by other industry organizations Scientific information * carries the power of predictability of the behavior of consumers. * has roles. * indicates revisions. * is something of value in the development of real-world solutions. Secret * also play an important role in our everyday lives. * are assets to an organization - books - capable of bugs - deodorant - the last domain of a person's control * survive only in Darkness.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information \| secret: Trade secret * are creatures of state and common law - enforceable by courts - of potentially infinite duration, so long as secrecy is maintained - often the oil that lubricates a technology transfer agreement - proprietary information - protectable as long as secrecy is maintained - quite different than other types of intellectual property - secrets - theoretically unlimited in duration and governed mostly by state law - valuable properties, and their theft can cripple or destroy a company - very different from patents , trademarks and copyrights * can also include unique compilations of generally known information - be subject to theft or misappropriation as can other types of property * do have legal protection against disclosure. * form a large part of the software world. * legal term. * protect business secrets - know-how and other confidential information - secret processes and ideas Sensory information * affords exploration of posture in newly walking infants and toddlers * comes in, alright, but cognition only begins where it turns into propositions. Spatial information * answers the questions who, what, when, and primarily where. * has widely different applications. * is any data that can be related to a location - conveyed to the primary visual cortex in retinal coordinates - encoded by means of magnetic field gradients - obtained in the orthogonal dimension - used to assign memberships to voxels which are unclassified Statistical information * consists of information regarding the distribution of the data in a column. * is collected on virtually every aspect of life and death - compiled on the number and rate of births - embarrassing information with the identifying information stripped off - of importance in fatigue life prediction for bearings and gears	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| information: Subjective information * Subjective Information Is often the opinions of an individual or group. * is also important for predicting user behavior - important for predicting human behavior - intrinsic to the development of complex modelling systems Such information * includes contact information * leads to development. Syllabus * Syllabi includes class periods - homework - lessons - prep * is information Technical information * key aspect of governance responses to complex global problems. * refers to the specifications or intended uses of items being ordered. Tree care information * is provided by organizations. * is provided by other industry organizations Useful information * bases on experience - practical experience * helps choices.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| information: Visual information * coming from both eyes is fused in the visual cortex in the back of the brain - the two eyes is fused into one image in the visual cortex * is associated with a different part of the brain than verbal information - carried from the retina along two separate neural pathways - formed in such a way that it produces a message - processed in a number of distinct cortical areas * provides the records of human history. * requires visual processing skills to discriminate and analyze information. + Graphic design: Written communication :: Graphics :: Typography :: History of printing * Visual information is formed in such a way that it produces a message. This can be done by placing words and pictures in ways that will get the attention of others. People who do graphic design as work are called 'graphic designers'. In printed media, graphic design includes typography, organising illustration, book design, page layout, specifying print.<\|endoftext\|>### message: Instruction * becomes members. * is code - given by emergency management officials * is given by local emergency management officials - part of programs - provided by colleges * plays a large role in today's education system. * refers to the methods that teachers use to teach classes. * requires academic preparation * If you can follow a recipe for making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, you can install this script. Instructions are below. If you get anxious, ask on the on the discussion page for help + Machine code, Instructions: Computer science * Most instructions have one or more opcode fields. They specify the basic instruction type. Other fields may give the type of the operands, the addressing mode, and so on. There may also be special instructions. They are contained in the opcode itself. These instructions are called 'immediates'. ### message \| instruction: Canon * Some canons are dogmas of the faith and some are administrative. * are broad principles of conduct - lists - musical compositions - priests - records of church law - rules - scripture - weapons Prescription * allow intake. * are direction - documents - drugs and they are treated like that overseas - official documents * call for treatments. * is instruction - recognised in feudal law in respect of baronial titles - subjective, arbitrary and is basic to the practice of medicine * sleeping pills can be valuable for short term or infrequent use.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| instruction: Recipe * Some recipes call for eggs to be used as a wash that adds color. * are a combination of foods that have labels - located in fridges - the rules of grammar of the culinary world - things to be shared with one another, and passed on from generation to generation * call for butters - herbs - measurements - meat - parsleys - rock salt - water * consist of proteins. * contain meat - sources * follow rules. * have food - formulae - fresh vegetables * include beef - dough - techniques * use fresh vegetables - spices - tasty spices * using good fats Unsaturated fats come from plant oils, nuts, seeds and fish. + Peanut milk: Milk substitutes * Peanut milk' is a substitute non-dairy milk. It is made of peanuts and water. Recipes sometimes add salt, sweeteners, or grains. + Recipe, History of the recipe, Ancient history: Cooking * The earliest known recipes are from 1600 and came from an Akkadian tablet from southern Babylonia. The ancient Egyptians painted hieroglyphics showing the preparation of food. Many recipes are known from ancient Greece. Mithaecus's cookbook was an early one, but most of it has been lost. Athenaeus quotes one short recipe in his Deipnosophistae. 2003 'Food in the Ancient World from A to Z'. Roman recipes are known with some of them starting in the 2nd century B.C with Cato the Elder's De Agri Cultura. Many other authors of this period explained eastern Mediterranean cooking in Greek and Latin.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| instruction: Regulation * Many regulations limit or ban insecticides for controlling insects, especially in populated areas. * Most regulations govern labor markets. * apply to operations. * are a form of delegated legislation - law, often referred to as delegated or subordinate legislation - sub-category of laws - administrative laws - also a form of taxation whose costs to the American economy are now being estimated - dominance - legally enforceable rules that govern the operation of government programs - regulatory law * are rules adopted by state agencies - made by state and federal government agencies - that indicate how the statutes are to be enforced * are the basic means by which politicians implement their various preferences - detailed directions developed to put policy into practice - devices by which legislative directives and intent are executed - specific procedural steps used to implement policies * can reduce productivity, wages and economic growth. * comes in response to changes in the skin or blood temperature. * concerning the importation of animals vary widely and change frequently. * exists to protect the public's health, safety and welfare. * govern choices - kinds - pesticide use - protection - the classification and sale of wine in many regions of the world * governing food, drugs and medical devices now vary widely among countries. * has a long history, pre-dating the industrial revolution, and takes many different forms. * have effects - indirect effects * include components. * includes a variety of nervous and hormonal feedback systems. * involve actions. * is an impediment to markets - as important as gene function - neccessary for controlling the inherent worldliness of conditioned souls - necessary to make sure that genes are only expressed in appropriate tissues * is the opposite of freedom - process of making rules which govern behaviour - processes by which a market is controlled - substitution of error for chance - used to limit IOUs' monopoly profits and encourage efficiency * major life function. * often creates new markets that are then ruled by capitalism. * product itself, a service, that consumers demand. * refers to how government interferes with the market. * relate to areas. * require facilities - people - procedures * restricting smoking in public places reduce youth smoking rates. * studies the effects of government regulatory policy on businesses and individuals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| instruction \| regulation: Antitrust regulation * can affect any lawyer who represents business clients and corporations. * is like the stick applied to the economy.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| instruction \| regulation: Environmental regulation * accounts for a significant portion of today's regulatory cost burdens. * come in many forms. * involves scientific, political, social, and economic judgments. * is one way of making sure that some of the external costs are internalised - seen as an inescapable part of the cost of doing business * prohibit the collection of amphibian species in some areas. * require the monitoring of many air pollution sources and species - training of people who generate or handle hazardous waste * save jobs and create jobs.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| instruction \| regulation: Federal regulation * are responsible for enacting privacy standards governing banks. * can also affect the activities of state and local governments. * dictate the provision of services and the living environment. * establish limits for contaminants in bottled water. * govern protection - the use of human subjects in research * have effects - indirect effects * prohibit moving companies from shipping animals in moving vans - reimbursement with federal funds for purchase of alcoholic beverages - schools and lenders to disburse financial aid all at once * prohibit the carrying of firearms in national parks - sale of foods of minimal nutritional value * protect all archaeological sites and artifacts - circus animals * require apple growers to reduce chemical use - states to control non-point sources of pollution * restrict truck size and weight on the interstate system. Fishing regulation * recognize commercial, sport, personal use, and subsistence fishing. * require release of certain sizes of fish on different waters.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| instruction \| regulation: Gene regulation * is studied by the use of ribozymes. * switches genes on and off, and so controls cell differentiation, and morphogenesis. + Gene expression: Genetics :: Cell biology :: Molecular biology * This includes both the transcription and translation stages, and the final folded state of a protein. Gene regulation switches genes on and off, and so controls cell differentiation, and morphogenesis. + Genetics, Genes and development, Gene expression: History of science * This includes both the transcription and translation stages, and the final folded state of a protein. Gene regulation switches genes on and off, and so controls cell differentiation, and morphogenesis. The expression of a gene may vary a lot in different tissues. This is called pleiotropism, a widespread phenomenon in genetics.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| instruction \| regulation: Government regulation * affects every aspect of life - nearly every aspect of modern society * are a cost that businesses are forced to pass on to their customers - the safety net in work zones, prescribing minimum action to be taken * concerning food and food supplements vary greatly from country to country. * is an important weapon in the fight against fraud - another important factor in the market structure of an industry - in response to the capital barriers that initially prevent competition - the price business pays for a bad ethical strategy * limit the length of cryptographic keys in a number of countries. * prohibit the transport of fuel as it is considered a dangerous good. * require hospitals to notify organ procurement agencies of a patient s death - milk to be free of aflatoxin * restrict use of drugs, which are more necessary in confinement than pasture. Hormonal regulation * Much hormonal regulation depends on feedback loops to maintain balance and homeostasis. * is usually successful in alleviating symptoms. Private regulation * is in terms of service agreements with ISPs. * occurs indirectly through the nuisance law.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| instruction \| regulation: Safety regulation * prohibit the storage of inflammable materials in apartments. * require children to be strapped behind their mother. + Food waste, Sources of food waste, Food processing: Waste :: Food and drink * Safety regulations are in place to protect the health of the consumer. They are very important, especially where foodstuffs of animal origin are processed. Contaminated products from these sources can lead to and are associated with microbiological and chemical hazards. Self regulation * allows learners to be active participants in their own learning. * helps keep the government from banning everything - maintain the legal profession's independence from undue government domination Speed limit * are regulations. * exist to ensure the safety of the driving public. * vary by type of roadway and by the characteristics of the road. State regulation * apply to wetlands on the beds of lakes and streams. * force nursing homes to seek guardianships over incompetent patients. * help to ensure that school-age children are up on their immunizations. * prohibit corporal punishment. * requires children to wear helmets when biking. ### message \| insult: Ritual insult * are part of many cultures. + Insult: Figures of speech * Ritual insults are part of many cultures. For example, they can be found in sports and military training. They are also very common in jargons. For example, the word 'newbie' is a part of net jargon. Calling someone a newbie is usually insulting. Meaninglessness * can thus cause lethargy, depression, hopelessness and illness. * inhibits fullness of life and is therefore equivalent to illness. * sign of growth. ### message \| meaninglessness: Aimlessness * is meaninglessness * leads to conformity.<\|endoftext\|>### message: Nationalist * are advocates - intelligent agents - organizations - proponents of holism * have a normative, positive attitude to nations. * often draft and adopt positions in public - emphasize injustices committed against their peoples * tend to view individuals primarily as they relate to and affect the group. + Nationalism * Nationalism' is a way of thinking that says that every ethnic group of humans should be free to rule itself. Nationalists think that the best way to make this happen is for every ethnic group to have its own nation or society that they can rule without being controlled or oppressed by anybody else. Many nationalists think that nationalism is the best way to save small and not powerful groups, which are threatened by the mixing of ethnic groups. Nationalists think that the world is better with lots of cultural diversity. They also think that diversity is threatened by worldwide influences and mixing. + Nationalism, Nationalism and imperialism * Nationalism is the opposite of imperialism. Imperialism tries to make big nations that have many ethnic groups. In imperialist states, some groups are usually more powerful and are seen as better than others. Nationalists think that such hierarchy is bad. They say that in nations with one ethnic group, everyone has the same value and power. Sometimes nationalism is used to support imperialism, but that is against the original idea of nationalism. Such using of political ideas against their original purpose is quite usual in politics and happens with many other ideas too. ### message \| nonsense: Buzzword * are a shorthand - an economic way of conveying propaganda - nonsense - trendy terms and expressions that sometimes mean nothing, but seem impressive - typically words that once had meaning which is now long since lost due to overuse * are words that are so general, so broad that they are empty and void of real meaning - so broad that they are empty, void of real meaning * can be verbs, nouns, adjectives, gerunds or phrases. * is nonsense Twaddle * comes in many shapes and sizes. * is nonsense	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Nonverbal message * are also a way to strengthen what is said - the most powerful form of communication * carry over four times the weight of verbal messages. * communicate attitudes, values and emotions. Offer * are messages - speech acts * is the price at which a share is offered for sale. * zeolite, a safe, natural, and non-toxic mineral used in air purifiers. ### message \| offer: Counteroffer * are offers. * is an offer<\|endoftext\|>### message \| offer \| special: Special adaptation * can reduce the loss in dry environments. * exists to research sleep , for example the length of sleep rhythms. * revolve around helping animals to survive in the habitat in which they live. + Electroencephalography: Neurology :: Medical imaging * Electroencephalography' is a way to record certain patterns of brain activity, on the skin of the head. Nerve cells use electricity to transmit information. It is one of the methods of diagnosis which can be used for conditions that affect the nerves. An 'electroencephalogram' is a recorded electroencephalography. Electorencephalography is used to detect epilepsy, coma, sleep and brain death. Special adaptations exists to research sleep, for example the length of sleep rhythms. Sleep occurs in different phases, the specially adapted EEG can show the length of these phases. Pap * are one of the most labor-intensive tests in laboratory medicine. * is garbage * test A medical procedure that is used to screen for cervical and other cancers. Patriot * are nationals - people who show loyalty and respect to our country - teams - wrestlers * drive larger cars. * employ cyberspace as a way to promulgate their numerous quasi-governmental institutions. * novel about a socioeconomic collapse in the near future. Permission * Write permissions refers to a user's ability to add events to a calendar. * are a way of controlling who can access a file, and how it can be accessed. * form of endorsement from other people. * is approval - commendation - pacts - rights - the set of authorizations that specify what an authenticated user can do in a system<\|endoftext\|>### message \| permission: Consent * is provided by patients. * is the defining boundary between conduct that is permissible and conduct that is criminal - mutual, deliberate and voluntary agreement to engage in sexual activity - outcome of mutually perceived common good - voluntary agreement of the complainant to take part in the sexual activity - what separates sex from sexual assault - when someone agrees of their own choice without being forced to * linchpin of modern democracy. * means having the ability to make a decision - words or overt actions by a person competent to give consent * narrow legal term that confers a certain sort of standing. * requires knowledge and freedom which children lack. + Rape: Medical emergencies * Rape' is usually having sexual intercourse with a person who does not want to, or cannot consent. Consent is when someone agrees of their own choice without being forced to. In France it is more widely 'unwanted sexual penetration'. Rape is a form of sexual assault. In most countries, rape is one of most serious crimes. A person who rapes someone is a rapist. Rapists may use violence, drugs, or threats to get their way.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| permission \| consent: Informed consent * applies to invasive and noninvasive procedures. * describes a condition appropriate only when data providers have a clear choice. * fundamental element of ensuring that medical research is ethical and just - right of any surgical patient * guiding principle for medical practitioners and researchers. * involves using a systematic set of criteria. * is also an important process that helps to protect patients. * is an essential element in almost all human subjects research - part of medicine today - important part of protecting people in clinical trials - issue that is frequently raised in malpractice litigation - especially important in cases involving experimental treatments * is essential for research involving human subjects - in ethical health care practice - fundamental to democratic process * is one of the fundamental principles of research with human subjects - way to guard against possible harms associated with xperimental therapies * is the basis of bio-ethics - legal process by which patients agree to treatment * is the process by which a client becomes an active participant in care - of learning the key facts about a clinical trial * legal doctrine that has been developed by the courts over a number of years. * occurs when a client agrees to treatment after understanding everything involved. * personal exchange between physician and patient. * protects the individual's freedom of choice and respects the individual's autonomy. * well-established part of abortion care today.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| permission: Passport * are a symbol - definitive proof of citizenship of a particular nationality - given by national governments * are legal documents - forms * are located in airports - suitcases - the best form of identification for international travel - used for identification * collection of databases and other online resources. * A 'passport' travel document that says that the person carrying it citizen of the country on the passport. A passport asks that the person carrying it be allowed to enter and pass through other countries. They also allow a person to re-enter their country. Passports are given by national governments. * is permission Petition * are demands for a favour or for the redressment of an injustice. * is the dimension of prayer most often highlighted through the Bible.<\|endoftext\|>### message: Promotion * are messages - part of marketing * communication process intended to modify behavior toward a positive buying decision. * form of advertising - exploitation * has no effect on noninitiated cells. * involves any process that forces a cell or tissue into mitotic division. * is the mitogenic process that brings about the clonal expansion of initiated cells - process of turning on the light - what minor league baseball is all about and separates it from all other sports * represents recognition of a person's ability to assume greater responsibilities.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| promotion: Health promotion * cornerstone of public health and prevention. * goes beyond health care. * includes numerous aspects, one of which is nutrition. * is about empowering individuals to make informed choices about their own health - preventing ill health and maximising well-being * is an integral part of all health services - in the business of promoting health * practical approach to achieving greater equity in health. * tool or approach to achieving population health objectives. * uses health education to promote health and prevent disease. * utilizes health education to promote health and prevent disease. Tumor promotion * is linked with inflammation and oxidative stress. * multifaceted process ultimately dependent on cell proliferation for completion.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Proposal - speech acts * focus on issues. * have aims - components * help business - small business * include information - valuable information * provide protection. * require people - truth. * To propose an article for Good article status, just add it to the top of the list using the code below. You may have 'one' nomination open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion + Advanced Light Source: Electromagnetic radiation :: Berkeley, California * The ALS has over forty beamlines. They do a wide range of science at the same time as each other. Any qualified scientist can ask to use the ALS beamlines. Proposals are reviewed by others. The ALS does not charge money to use if the user's research is made public. * To propose an article for Very Good article status, just add it to the top of the list using the code below. You may have 'one' nomination open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. ### message \| proposal: Advice * bases on experience - own experience * form of catharsis - insecurity - nostalgia * has answers. * helps perspective. * is given by instructors - located in doctors - provided by doctors * provides benefits. ### message \| proposal \| advice: Admonition * are advice - rebukes * is advice Recommendation - characteristics - credentials - praise * base on analyses - knowledge - taste * call for services. * come from sources. * concern impact - techniques * give details * have consensus. * involve diagnoses. * is advice * provide ideas. * relate to use. ### message \| proposal \| advice \| recommendation: Referral * are a way of life - cases - forwarding - recommendations * is the name of the game for the big bucks. * process that Thais are familiar with. * time-consuming process that causes nightmares in physician offices. * way to show concern for the employee as well as for productivity.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| proposal: Hypothesis * Hypotheses abound on which species are likely to keep up with climate change - always rest on underlying theories or paradigms * Hypotheses are especially important in science - lullabies for teachers to sing their students to sleep - proposed and tested repeatedly over time by a number of scientists * Hypotheses are tentative explanations consciously based on logically insufficient arguments - for observations or solutions to problems - the scientific version of a question - assert a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable * Hypotheses become scientific theories - theories which become laws * Hypotheses come from facts * Hypotheses concern effects - principles - variation - explain patterns - focus on observations * Hypotheses have evidence - much evidence - lead to predictions * Hypotheses make opposite predictions - senses * Hypotheses offer biological evidence * Hypotheses offer molecular biological evidence * Hypotheses provide explanations - genetic explanations - reflect conditions - relate to production * Hypotheses require assumptions - concepts * Hypotheses suggest activities - benefits - methods - short term benefits - to explain effects - turn into theories which eventually become enshrined as laws * Most hypotheses make senses. * Some hypotheses assume photosynthesis - consist of assumptions as to the minute structure and operation of bodies * Some hypotheses explain body size - evolution. * Hypotheses are especially important in science. Several philosophers have said that without hypotheses there could be no science. Harvard University Press, p148. In recent years, philosophers of science have tried to integrate the various approaches to testing hypotheses, and the scientific method in general, to form a more complete system. The point is that hypotheses are suggested ideas which are then tested by experiments or observations * are concepts - part of theories - proposals * is an explanation for a question or problem that be formally tested. * scientist's educated guess about an observation. ### message \| proposal \| hypothesis: Hypothesis testing * involves an evaluation of the causes of patterns and observations. * is equivalent to the geometrical concept of hypothesis negation - one of the most important concepts in Statistics - part of inferential statistics Publicity * is about getting people to people to care - making and keeping relationships with the press - any unpaid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services - death to people involved in secret intelligence work - quality * is the coverage of new products, services, ideas, and activities by the media - soul of religion, since religion is light * way to generate exposure without the expense of advertising. ### message \| publicity: Sales promotion * are promotions. * is publicity Request * are messages - speech acts. * This is called self-nomination. A named editor can nominate another editor to become an Administrator. All requests are decided by voting ### message \| request \| appeal \| demagogy: Flag waving * big deal at Japanese baseball games. * is demagogy Callback * are the primary means by which the application responds to user input. * define code that gets executed when a particular type of event occurs. * works for home phones, office phones, cell phones and fax lines. Solicitation * are enticement * is punishable by up to seven years in prison. * is the act of soliciting - communication in a public place for the purpose of prostitution - request for information, marketing, sales, or business offers - selling of any object or service for money * occurs when the solicitation is made. ### message \| request \| solicitation: Commercial solicitation * includes the selling or promoting of products, goods or services. * is the selling of items, materials or products, and services.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Salutation * allows an application to send a network query to locate a device, application or service. * are often long and full of blessings and humility - openings * is credit<\|endoftext\|>### message: Statement * appear in bulletins. * are analogous to sentences in a human language and expressions are like phrases - capable of lies - facts * are located in legal documents - letters - mail - newspapers - press releases - messages - the equivalent of a sentence in human language - themes - trues * are used for communicating - exposition - sharing * concern anticipate financial results - characters - death - effects * describe extent. * explain concepts - observations * give information about people, places, things, or ideas. * have frameworks - more information * include information. * indicate purposes. * involve uncertainty. * provide answers - guidelines - possible answers * reflect concern. * represent opinion. * support facts - scientific facts. * Some statements are from reliable sources. However, they are different from one another. When this happens, the text should clearly say where the opinions came from ### message \| statement: Acknowledgment * draws attention. * requires attention - urgent attention<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| acknowledgment: Receipt * are acknowledgment. * are located in cabinets - drawers - pockets - official documents - the gross returns from production - used to show or prove that someone has got or received something. * used to show or prove that someone has got or received something. It usually shows proof that something has been paid for. It might also be used to show that something was brought in to be fixed, for example, a bicycle * is the means of servicing the receipt of money. ### message \| statement \| acknowledgment \| receipt \| ticket stub: Rain check * are promise - stubs * ticket stub<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Affirmation * are a focused form of thought - powerful tool to reprogram the subconscious - proven, powerful way of transforming self-defeating beliefs - like planting seeds in the ground - matters of the heart - positive thinking in action - positive, motivating statements - statements that reflect our positive attitude and thought * believes that homosexuality is an inherent and normal variation of human sexuality. * create space where reality can happen. * is an assertion - commitment - judgment - speech acts * literally bring ideas from the future into the present tense. * place of open and honest dialogue, friendship and support - to grow and find our own unique individuality * work by altering our outlook on a situation. ### message \| statement \| affirmation \| affirmative: Double negative * are negatives. * is affirmative<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Agreement * are common in law and business - cooperation devices for regulating and resolving competition and conflict. * When people feel or think the same way about something, they agree. Sometimes it is important to write down or make a promise to what has been agreed on. This is called an 'agreement'. Agreements are common in law and business. For example, when a person takes out a loan or hires someone to work, an agreement is usually signed so everyone understands what must be done and in what time it must be done. * is reached on the border between Greece and the Ottoman Empire * becomes bind documents * governs use. * has enough information * includes restrictions. * is compatibility - good - harmony - planning * is the power of life - protection of the basic human rights of everyone in Northern Ireland - signature that legitimizes actions * refers to the entire bargain of the parties. * requires actions - court actions * takes places.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| agreement: Antenuptial agreement * are unique agreements which are to be strictly construed. * occur prior to marriage. Bargain * are agreement - purchases * is agreement * occur when buyer and seller have drastically different ideas of the value of an item. Concurrency * constructs in various programming languages. - introduced through the identification of objects and processes - related to but different from parallelism - when more than one user can access the same file simultaneously * makes it possible to express interacting computations. * means different things to different people. * refers to the sharing of resources in the same time frame.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| agreement: Contract * Some contracts allow employers to terminate employees without reason or cause. * are a sign of distrust in some countries - type of transaction with unique properties - agreements between two parties to exchange something of value - bids - bridges - instruments of choice for dealing with uncertainty * are legal agreements used for procuring a specific service or product - documents that specify the responsibilities of the parties * are one form of risk management - of the three fundamental reasons why our system of commerce flourishes - part of bridges * are private agreements, voluntarily entered into by companies and individuals - laws * are the basis of all legal obligations - glue that holds the market system together - oil that keeps business running smoothly * can also exist among agents, as representatives of human actors. * covers the least number of human interactions because it involves liability by consent. * goes by the way people operate. * govern exchanges - promises between parties on topics ranging from the simple to the complex * growing allows the grower to concentrate on a few crops. * involve exchange of value for mutual benefit. * is about the reordering of status, identity, and place. - between two or more entities - an instrument - crucial to the market economy because it establishes rules for trade - key to much sociology as well as to most legal systems * link financial incentives to health care outcomes. * means any agreement enforceable by law. * promise enforceable by law. * studies the law regulating consensual arrangements entered into for commercial purposes. * tissue, reduces inflammation, aids tissue healing and repair. * way to organize people, relationships and expectations. ### message \| statement \| agreement \| contract \| concession: Franchise * changes Every decade brings changes to the major league landscape. * fast growing types of business organizations. * is business - commercial organizations - legal rights Contract farming * allows agricultural companies to externalize their risks. * feature of more developed agriculture. Employment contract * Many employment contracts provide for arbitration of disputes. * are contracts - often contracts of adhesion - quite common in the entertainment, media, and retail industries Insurance contract * are complicated legal documents and they are usua lly written in English - contracts of good faith * have exclusion.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| agreement \| contract: Insurance policy * Insurance policies are a contractural agreement between the insurance company and the insured. * Insurance policies are contracts and, like other legal documents, can be complex and confusing - subject to interpretation under general contract principles - legal contracts * Insurance policies are obligations of the insurers that issue the policies - issuing insurance company - personal contracts with the insured - provide protection to individuals and businesses against loss or catastrophe * Many insurance policies cover acupuncture - have coverage for abortion services * Most insurance policies cover claims only brought in the United States - offer different types of coverage, geared to a variety of needs - require prompt reporting of accidents in order to guarantee coverage * Some insurance policies limit the amount of time they pay for each illness or injury. Oral contract * are agreement. * is agreement Premarital agreement * Premarital Agreements vary from couple to couple. * become operative in the event of divorce or the death of one of the spouses. Prenuptial agreement * are already common, especially in second marriages - contracts entered into by individuals before marriage * have a tendency to perpetuate imbalances and inequity. * imply the existence of children. Trade agreement * affect U.S. law, as do treaties. * have an impact beyond international exchanges of goods. * takes places.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| agreement: Treaty * Some treaties do give regulatory power to treaty organizations instead of governments - legitimize nuclear arsenals and are significant roadblocks to nuclear disarmament * Treaties are a contract between governments - way to say goodbye to separation, division and inequality * Treaties are agreements between one or more nations - sovereign, independent nations - two parties - between the United States and Russia - high level documents that are signed by governments - international agreement - signed by members of the government of a country * Treaties are the basis of the relationship between tribes and the United States - foundation of the legal decisions which uphold Indian fishing rights - law of the land under the U.S. Constitution - responsibility of our governments and of our people * Treaties can be bilateral treaties or multilateral treaties - cut right across the rights given the people by the Constitutional Bill of Rights - do have the potential to affect the rights of the ordinary citizens in a state - form a common basis for negotiations between nations - have effects - regulate state behavior in times of peace and in times of war - an instrument + Ratification: Law * Treaties are signed by members of the government of a country. Many treaties make a country do something, or change the law of the countries which agree to it.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| agreement \| treaty: International treaty * International treaties bind ratifying countries to principles that they are obligated to honour. * International treaties have constitutional status in domestic legislation - loopholes allowing continued trade in affected species - protect the rare birds when they're safe at home in Antarctica - rely on information to monitor their effectiveness and progress - seek to achieve international goals with national means - state that the only minority in Greece is the Muslim minority of Thrace - take effect in domestic law as soon as they are promulgated and published * Many international treaties protect property rights around the world. * prohibits importation of the endangered species animal parts.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| agreement: Unanimity * Unanimities are agreement. * is achieved neither by pure logic, nor by force, but by the virtue of seduction - associated with better performance, but poorer decisions * means either complete paralysis or reducing everything to the lowest common denominator. Announcement * are statements. * make national news ### message \| statement \| announcement: Advisory * Advisories are announcements. * is an announcement Answer * are pleading - reaction - replies * base on experience. * contain letters. * depend on circumstances - methods * explain basic concepts * give excellent explanations * have consequences - important consequences * help doctors. * include evidence * involve basic consideration * make physical senses * provide explanations. * require components - details - key components Assumption * are acquisitions - acts - explicit statements used to describe the present and future environment - hypothesises - miracles - suppositions that something is true * come from predictions. * includes language units. * is postulate - the name of the demon of mankind * lead to bias - conclusions - significant bias * relate to usage. * use in predictions. ### message \| statement \| assumption: Basic assumption * are assumptions. * is an assumption Cornerstone * are blocks - part of buildings - stones * makes hardware for storing document images. Presumption * is an assumption - audacity - inference - the opposite of despair * preconceived belief about certain things, events or people. * refers primarily to the attitude of one's heart. Scenario * are a way of thinking about the future - images of the future, or alternative futures - premises - scripts - setting - stories that give meaning to events * have problems. * include fluid motion * involve capability - matter * offer possibility. * require transportation. Thesis * Theses are camps that teach people how to roller ski - reservoirs of influenza viruses, which appear to be species specific * Theses are the fats that contribute largely to increased cholesterol and heart disease - places where sustainability has the best chance of taking hold * are premises - propositions Chemical formula * Some chemical formulas attempt to describe the structure in the formula itself. * are used in chemical equations to describe chemical reactions. * is an international or universal language. ### message \| statement \| chemical formula: Empirical formula * give the ratio of atoms in the formula unit or molecule. * show the simplest ratio of number of moles. ### message \| statement \| chemical formula \| molecular formula: Structural formula * have particular value in the study of organic chemistry. * molecular formula * show what atoms are joined together. * uses abbreviations of different groups of atoms for simplicity.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement: Comment * I've checked the PVGA criteria, and I believe it meets all its requirements. The article is about 13k long, having 5k the lowest for VGAs. Simple Wikipedia's best article's are often VGAs, and I think baseball uniform is one of Simple Wikipedia's best work yet. Any comments are appreciated. * are of course welcome. * are welcome. * are welcommed. * I hope the article meets our GA criteria. All comments are welcome. * I first saw the article while searching for DYK hooks and noticed that it was good. All comments are welcome. * I can remember that there was something like a Wikicup here on simple. I don't know, but I think it was stopped, because of inactivity, or so. I think we should start instead of this kind of cup an other one. It could be the same like the wicicup, but only with this two things. The new cup should also be with a final, a semi-final and so on. All comments are welcome. * Please feel free to review the article yourself. Comments are welcomed. * I want to propose to enable the abuse filter. I think this could help us to fight better against vandalism and helps to find it. I would fully 'Support' this. Comments are welcome. * The article looks good to. It still has a few redlinks. All comments are welcome. * I think it meets our criteria and hope for a lot of input. All comments are welcome. I'll try to address all concerns as fast as even possible. * are also welcome. After a week, a decision will be taken and the templates updated accordingly. * User talk page. Comments are welcome. * welcome, esp. * I've worked a lot on this article in the last few days. I simplified all the content, which came from enwiki, and referenced it extensively. The only issue I see, is the number of red links, but this can be fixed quickly. Any comments are welcome. * There closing project proposal for the Simple English Wiktionary. Comments are welcome. * I am hoping to get it to VGA status. All comments are welcomed and are very appreciated. * So far, the discussion is running 2 to 1, in favor of the proposed change. More comments are welcome. * Images are now shown inside VisualEditor as HTML5 elements. Comments are welcome. ### message \| statement \| comment: Annotation * are comments - documents - expansion * is the process of commenting on or explaining an existing text. * key way in which hypertexts grow and increase in value.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Deception * can also include such physical mediums as being conned out of money - sometimes affect perception * come in all sizes. * exists in area of employment. * explains choices. * involves persuading someone into sincerely believing that which is false. * is about misleading consumers to their detriment - also an important part of language development - apparent when dealing with family or children - deception, and the deceived never know it until they are enlightened or delivered - described as intentionally creating a false impression regarding intention - evil whether it is directed to the individual or to the whole - falsification - one of the quickest ways to gain little things and lose big things - part of the process of any government in distress - performance - similar to miscommunication, but it involves deliberate lies - still the stock in trade of people seeking power over others * is the art of keeping others off balance - basis and final truth of life - purposeful hiding of the truth - reason for the invention of the subconscious - universal sin of the race * leads to self deception. * mainstay of thought reform cults and groups. * means delusion, falsehood, fraud, hypocrisy, lie, or trickery. * occurs which raises the issue of moral ethics. * required practice at every level of power. * strong element in Freemasonry.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| deception: Bluff * Many bluffs are naturally unstable because of soil, slope, and water conditions. * are steep and are made of clay, sand, or soft rock. * includes inclines - slopes * is pretense. ### message \| statement \| deception \| pretense: Masquerade * also occur at funerals in order to appease the spirits of the deceased. * are parties - pretense ### message \| statement \| declaration \| assertion: Claim * Some claim drinking a lot of water helps with pain. * are assertions - demand - part of patents - rights * is an assertion ### message \| statement \| declaration \| assertion \| claim: Entitlement * are attempts to maximize responsibility for positive events - the ways a group or person can command or obtain food - where the money is * is one of the schemes to help the poor - the government process by which a legal subdivided lot is created - titles * new level of sophistication in authorization determining who can access what. Health claim * can include implied claims, which indirectly assert a diet-disease relationship. * describe nutritional benefits that a specific food product offers. Directive * are ordering - the mechanism by which European-wide legislation is enacted * refers to the landscapes which are of major importance to wild species. Predication * process moving from a wider to a narrower context of meaning. * refers to the way in which the subject and the verb interact.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Description * Most descriptions measure size in terms of length or wingspan. * apply to types. * are kinds - presented in tables - sentences that include objects and subjects - speech acts - statements * come from observations. * have distinctive features * have follow interest observations * help students. * include information - steps * indicate characteristics. * is the first of four basic kinds of writing. * lower cognitive skill that analysis and synthesis. * make senses. * process of noting what is immediately visible in art. * provide characteristics - examples * publish in journals. * require details.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| description: Label * Create any size and shape of label. * Most labels limit the use of thiram on fruit trees to the dormant season. * Some labels provide the number of calories in one gram of fat, carbohydrate, and protein - tell the approximate number of calories in a gram of fat, carbohydrate, and protein * are a form of stereotype - way to communicate - address labels - capable of pictures - descriptions - devices for classifying experiences, for putting things in pigeon holes - information about information - legal documents, required by law and reviewed by regulators - lines within a file that end with a particular string - markers - merely identifiers of general classes of activities and communication - names for data fields - part of jars - prefixes of first author names - programming language - radioisotopes - self sticking paper labels in square, rectangular, oval and circle shapes - trade names - visual descriptions, such as text or icons, that are assigned to nodes and edges * can be actual labels of places - contain any combination of letters, numbers, or symbols * communicate meanings. * define people and keep others from getting to know the person behind the label. * give meaning to numbers. * help gardening enthusiasts identify unusual varieties of trees, shrubs, and plants. + Monarch (butterfly), Relationship with humans: Danaus * Some organizations, such as the Cape May Bird Observatory, have Monarch labeling programs. Labels are placed on the wing of the butterfly. The labels have information on them. This helps scientists track the Monarchs during their migration. It also helps the scientists study the paths that the Monarchs take on their migration.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| description \| label: Food label * Many food labels claim to be for all rodents, but diet requirements actually vary greatly. * Most food labels list the amount of saturated fat in that product. * are a powerful and important mechanism that can influence consumer preferences - also useful, both for skill teaching and to discuss nutritional values - the most recognized and useful nutrition information tool in the United States * can be a useful guide to choosing packaged foods lower in saturated fat. * come on all packaged foods. * do include fiber as part of the total carb content. * list fat in grams. * list ingredients by weight, with the largest amount first - in order of amount present in the food, from most to least - nutrition information, including fat calories * list the amount of sodium in a serving - the food in milligrams - fiber content of the food - grams of dietary fiber per serving * provide information in the list of ingredients and on the nutrition label - nearly adequate data to enable the individual to control carbohydrate intake * require information on food content to be displayed. * show carbohydrate content - the amount of fiber in a serving * tell how many carbohydrates a food has in it. Specification * Describe the role of specifications in determining quality. * are descriptions - documents - frequently the name of a particular bacterium - naming * include development. * provide mechanisms. * use manufacture techniques. * use modern manufacture techniques ### message \| statement \| description \| specification: Formal specification * method to describe computer system for software development purposes. * refers to the use of such a specification language in writing specifications. Word picture * are descriptions. * consist of words plus arrows, lines, boxes and distinctive positions.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Equation * Has all the mathematical functions. * Many equations used in physical science are statements of physics laws. * Most equations govern behavior. * Most equations have real values - simple solutions * Solve linear and quadratic equations. * Some equations describe atmospheric motion - conductivity - physical properties - waves - explain photosynthesis - govern theories * Some equations have plane waves - relate to body weight - show mechanical energy * are a shorthand way of expressing a definition or concept - type of object - equalizations - guides to thinking about how an impact on one variable effects another - located in blackboards - statements which say that two quantities are equal - the language of mathematics - useful for relating variables and numbers * arise as a way of asking and answering questions involving functional relationships. * cause problems - systematic problems * contain compounds * describe diameter growth * describe logistic growth - population growth * explain facts - observations * give equations - ideas * have important limitations - practical values * have real practical values * is the state of being equally balanced. * mathematical statement * provide explanations - sufficient explanations * represent values. * require knowledge. * show impact - results + Equality (mathematics): Mathematics :: Geometry * Equivalence in a more general sense is provided by the construction of an equivalence relation between two sets, that is, the two sets have exactly the same elements. The sets do not need to be finite to be equal. A statement that two expressions denote equal quantities is an equation. Equations are equal. Inequalities are unequal. ### message \| statement \| equation: Chemical equation * describe chemical reactions. * represent changes that take place in a reaction * use the Latin abbreviations.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| equation: Differential equation * are equations - mathematical constructs which define the rates of changes of variables - the most challenging and important problems in mathematics * arising from first principle models are generally nonlinear. * can be of any order and complexity. * describe all types of movement * give a formula for the derivative- the change in a quantity per unit time. - extension of integral calculus * is, in some sense, advanced advanced calculus. * make reaction time a natural prediction of connectionist models. Drake equation * Most drake equations have real values. * have practical values. * have real practical values Famous equation * Most famous equations describe population growth. * describe growth. * describe logistic growth * explain facts. Linear equation * have exactly one solution. * is an equation * play a fundamental role in the development of calculus. Logistic equation * Most logistic equations describe growth. * Most logistic equations describe logistic growth Mathematical equation * Most mathematical equations explain observations. * Some mathematical equations describe motion - properties - represent plots * are just like sentences. * represent reality - the physics along the drill holes Photosynthesis equation * Some photosynthesis equations explain photosynthesis. * is the reverse of the summary equation for respiration. Physics equation * can describe any piece of matter. * involve tensors of the same rank. Quadratic equation * are the first building block on the road to higher mathematics. * form the basic foundation for mathematical literacy in calculus and algebra. Regression equation * Most regression equations come from data in observational studies. * is an equation Explanation * are phrased as ultimate causes that explain why a behavior has evolved - speech acts - statements - thinking * base on evidence. * come from theories. * describe effects - greenhouse effects * explain mysteries - results * include facts * incorporate knowledge. * involve introductions. * support facts. * use information. ### message \| statement \| explanation: Clarification * form of education, but it comes in response to conversation. * is an interpretation - the process of removing suspended solids from water * way to remove particles from stock to make it as clear as possible.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| explanation: Definition * Fixed costs are expenses the business incurs before any sales are made. * Transvestite a person who dresses in the clothes of the opposite sex. * applies to rules. * are human inventions - rules for the translation of one language into another - the attitudes and meanings that one attaches to a given behavior * bases on hypotheses. * gives information. * includes comparison. * incorporates features. * is an explanation * makes more senses * play an important role in academic writing in all disciplines. * product which contains herbs which are generally recognized as safe. * provides descriptions - references * publishes in journals. * ratio A pair of numbers that compares different types of units. * relates to ideas. * requires clarification. ### message \| statement \| explanation \| definition: Operational definition * describe concepts which can be measured in some way. * describes how one variable relates to another. Evolutionary explanation * are highly fashionable for all manner of sin. * can never explain man's higher powers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| explanation: Excuse * are a way to handle stress and anxiety, and maintain self-esteem - defense - explanations - notes * is defense + Alcoholism, Stages: Diseases :: Psychology * The alcoholic is no longer able to control his drinking. The patient thinks this is just a lack of resolve, but in truth he is dependent on alcohol. Excuses are found for the drinking habit. To the patient it is important to be able to explain, because except for alcohol, there are no other solutions to problems. Because of this behaviour there are problems with the rest of his family. There are whole families who get isolated, because they try to hide the drinking problem of a family member. This is called co-dependence. Explication * are explanations. * is an explanation Proximate explanation * focus on things that occur during the life of an individual. * involve environmental cues and physiological mechanisms.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| explanation: Rationalization * affects politics by replacing the charasmatic leader with the party machine. * can inhibit ethical decision making. * compromise between our sheep nature and our human capacity to think. * factor often viewed as out of the control of management and internal auditors. * involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways. * is an explanation - defense mechanisms - excuses - organizations - simplification - the act of a rational man * psychological defense to justify one's doing terrible things. * short cut to realizing truths. * takes the form of savings on changeover costs in specialized plants. Scientific explanation * aim to determine what methods the designer used. * appeal to theories. * are more than the results of collecting and organizing data - scientific laws, hypotheses, or theories - third person accounts * assume cause-effect relationships. * emphasize evidence.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| explanation: Version * appear in books. * are interpretations - turns - types * contain features - information - materials - new features - relate information - supplementary materials * have alteration - backgrounds - details * help power. * include dairy products - fat dairy products * is an interpretation * provide information. * use default parameters + French press: Kitchenware * The French press is also more portable than other coffee makers. Special versions for travellers also exist. They are made of tough plastic instead of glass. They also have a sealed lid with a closable drinking hole. Some versions are marketed to hikers and backpackers. These people often do not want to carry a heavy metal percolator or a filter using drip brew. + Jigsaw, Variations: Toys * Jigsaw puzzles come in many variations, for example they can vary in number of pieces. Standard puzzles contain from 300 to 1000 pieces. Versions designed for children come in great variety of puzzle piece sizes. Some puzzles are made double-sided so they contain 2 different puzzles on each side. ### message \| statement \| explanation \| version: Version control * is the management of changes to documents, software, and artifacts. * process to manage multiple versions of a developing software project. False statement * are grounds for disqualification or immediate termination of employment. * cause a desire to communicates. Falsehood * are a part of human nature - lies * has a perennial spring - an infinity of combinations, but truth has only one mode of being * is the marking down in words the agreement or disagreement of ideas otherwise than it is - opposite of truth, and is the result of clinging to the falsehood of individuality * takes many forms.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement: Formula * Many formulas also contain magnesium and calcium. * Most formulas contain both lipids and dextrose along with protein, vitamins, minerals, etc. * Some formulas also contain vitamin D, which promotes the absorption of calcium - have high levels of phosphate which can lower the blood calcium levels - require supplementation with potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrients. * use letters instead of words. Albert Einstein created this. In it, e is energy, m is mass and c is the speed of light * Use formulas to calculate answers to electronic problems. * are essential to create chemical reactions, but they nearly always stymie sexual reactions - increasingly pervasive in the workplace and in personal finances - located in laboratories * are mathematical equations - or statistical equations entered into a cell to perform a calculation * are mathematical statements used to calculate new values from existing values - milk - recipes - still a ways away from being as nutritional as breast milk * consist of equations that calculate new values from existing values. * contain no antibodies, no living cells, no enzymes, no hormones - variables that when replaced by numbers, allow unknown quantities to be found * determine holy days based on lunar events. * e have functions - provide nutrition * places high levels of insulin in the blood. * treat a wide variety of symptoms while stimulating the body's natural healing process. * use shorthand notation, that is symbols or letters, to represent numbers and quantities. * work with chemistry and cooking.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| formula: Algorithm * Some algorithms allow a curve to be expressed precisely, so that any point along it can be known - use a special type of binary predicate that compares two elements - used to solve differential equations use finite element methods * are a collection of effects with the parameters available for each effect - part of life - abstractions without any purpose - certain general mathematical processes, which say how to encrypt a given text - common in the real world - fundamental to computer science and software engineering - information - integral to enabling machines to deliver sustained performance * are mathematical programs that make the decisions for a machine to perform tasks - techniques or rules that apply a cryptographic service to a message - mathematical, problem-solving procedures - precise procedures for calculating a result from specific starting states - procedures that have a determinate outcome * are sets of instructions for completing tasks - that allow computers to perform specific tasks - steps of instructions describing how to complete a task , such as solving a problem * are the mathematical core of software - methods by which a computer performs certain tasks - tools for solving problems - used for software - very useful in mathematics - what computers do * lie at the very core of computing. * predate computers and are a mathematical entity, just like theorems. * serve as a unifying theme in the multi-disciplinary field of robotics. + Computer science, Common tasks for a computer scientist, Answering the question * Algorithms are steps of instructions describing how to complete a task, such as solving a problem. Think about playing cards, for example. A computer scientist wants to sort the cards. First he wants to sort them out by color. The computer scientist may see different ways to sort the playing cards. He must now think about of how he will do it.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| formula \| algorithm: Asymmetric algorithm * are popular because the keys can be published - used to distribute symmetric-keys at the start of a session * uses different keys for encryption and decryption. + Symmetric-key algorithm, Symmetric vs. asymmetric algorithms, Hybrid cryptosystem: Cryptography * Asymmetric algorithms are used to distribute symmetric-keys at the start of a session. Once a symmetric key is known to all parties of the session, faster symmetric-key algorithms using that key can be used to encrypt the remainder of the session. This simplifies the key distribution problem, because asymmetric keys only have to be distributed authentically, while symmetric keys need to be distributed in both an authentic and confidential manner. Clustering algorithm * Most clustering algorithms are of a combinatorial flavor. * can be useful for finding groups of related header files. Cryptographic algorithm * Some cryptographic algorithms rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. * are an essential part in network security - the basic building blocks upon which protocols are built<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| formula \| algorithm: Genetic algorithm * Generate a population of random possible solutions. * are able to reproduce and mutate their behaviour * are an important problem solving technique - offshoot of artificial intelligence technology - another class of adaptive algorithms - effective for many parameter optimization tasks - essentially a software version of the evolutionary process - iterative mathematical models which borrow concepts from the natural world - prone to coarseness of scale and premature convergence - well-known for their good global search capability - what alter the input data * begin with several potential solutions to a problem. * belong to the category of evolutionary computation. * can be incredibly efficient if programmed correctly - refine the networks and collections of rules - solve optimization problems * computational paradigm based on biological experience. * create a string of numbers that represent the solution. * have a wide area of applicability in optimization - several different applications areas * is used to evolve the rewriting rules of the system. * provide a powerful approach for searching large, ill-behaved problem spaces - problem-solving technique that's too powerful to ignore * use basic principles of biology and evolution to breed solutions to a problem - only payoff information to guide themselves through the problem space * uses an analogy of evolution and mutation to generate probable solutions. * work over a set of gene strings called a population. Symmetric algorithm * are faster to execute electronically than Asymmetric algorithms. * use secret keys shared by two different users. Baby formula * Most baby formulas use cows' milk as a base. * are vitamin D fortified. Herbal formula * Most herbal formulas contain six to twelve herbs in various combinations. * are a gift from nature. * offer a more comprehensive balancing of energies in various parts of the body. * promote the body's ability to balance itself naturally. * tend to be created for a single patient and their specific pattern of disharmony. * use plants in their natural forms, rather than isolated extracts.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| formula: Heuristic * are decision processes for quick thinking - domain-specific knowledge, usually elicited from experts - mental shortcuts cued by situational factors * are rules of thumb that allow humans to make decisions efficiently - which improve efficiency - shortcuts for thinking - terministic screens * attempts to deflect such attacks by unrecognized viruses. * common tool used in decision making. * is enriched learning through problem-solving methods. * is the name for making wise trade-offs - science of making computers mimick human speech patterns * represent 'surface knowledge' about the domain, whereas rules represent 'deep knowledge'.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| formula: Infant formula * Most infant formula is made from cow's milk. * act as a nutritional source for infants less than one year of age. * are liquids or reconstituted powders fed to infants and young children - usually fortified with iron * based on soy protein is the next best alternative to breast milk. * is like breast milk. * is the best alternative to breast milk - next best food for baby after breast milk * nutritious alternative to breast milk. * provide an alternative that offers balanced nutrition patterned after breast milk. * supply the proper amounts of vitamins, proteins, sugars and fats. Mild formula * cleans children s skin without stripping natural oils. * is dermatologist tested for gentleness.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| formula: Recursion * Occurs when a function calls itself. * are located in programs * common method used to solve many computer science and mathematics problems. * form of iteration or repitition cause by nested function calls. * happens when a function calls itself. * is fundamental in data processing and in system modeling - implemented as a method that calls itself to solve subtasks * is the idea of self-reference applied to computer programs - key element of feedback loops, a basic element of system dynamics - name given to using the output of an operation as input to the same operation - root of computation since it trades description for time - used to allow repetitive execution of code - when a subprogram calls itself to help solve a problem - where a function or procedure can call itself while executing * occurs when a procedure calls itself. * special kind of iteration. * strong element in functional languages. * well-known and powerful programming technique, with a wide variety of applications. Soy formula * are nutritionally complete and no more expensive than regular formula. * can also cause vitamin deficiencies. * contain iron also - much higher amounts of phytoestrogens than is seen in human breast milk * is dangerous to babies - far easier on babies' digestive systems than cow's milk Horoscope * All horoscopes contain information regarding love, health, and friends. * are diagrams - maps of our soul's journey - predictions - the tools of corruption * encourage a better self. * is more about science and mathematics countering to hard-held belief of superstition. * often seem to accurately predict up-coming events. * usually have something to do with things both tangible and intangible.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Meteorology * Most meteorology focuses on patterns - typical weather patterns * concerns the complex interactions of many simple phenomena. * deals with lots of variables that change with respect to other things. * focuses on typical patterns * is all about the science of the atmosphere, so a scientific background is essential - earth science - important to our everyday lives - still an inexact science * plays an important aspect to life on Earth as well - role in the regulation of phytoplankton productivity in mid-estuary	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| meteorology: Modern meteorology * Most modern meteorology focuses on patterns - weather patterns * quantitative science that is becoming increasingly computer oriented. Physical meteorology * is concerned with atmospheric structure and composition. * wide-ranging study of the physical processes within the atmosphere. Negation * is denial - denoted by the tilde - indicated by the object's movement of tipping forward and backward - propositions - the transitional term to a new period * total inverse for all three addition operators. * truth-functional operator. Pleading * are answerings. * are documents that are filed in court - communicate with courts and other parties about legal matters - legal proceeding - statements Proclamation * are general announcements of policy addressed to the entire nation. * is acts.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Proposition * are abstract objects representing truth-conditions - films - information content - meaning - offers - part of arguments - statements about the relationship between two or more concepts * are the facts and beliefs that provide the basis for the argument - sorts of entities that agents can believe or disbelieve - truth-functions of elementary propositions - what sentences are supposed to express * belong to science or to everyday intelligence. * is used for something to be investigated. * show the logical form of reality. - that can be asserted as either true or false ### message \| statement \| proposition \| postulate: Premise * are postulate - sites * is postulate<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Reference * Passing by reference is the act of passing by pointer or reference to a function. * Some references consider anthraxolite to be a synonym for pyrobitumen. * This statement personal attack of sorts, but not of the sort to discontinue my permissions here. It constructive argument. Reference rule here. You do not have to reference from Oxford or Harvard but also you cannot reference to your talk page. As for the anti-vandalism star, it clear description of vandalism. I didn't like to see you guys getting heated without discussing the picture. That is why I involved myself. * The link above will take you to a Wikipedia tool. This tool to improve references on Wikipedia pages. Some references just give a URL, or website address. This tool will read the website, and then include information about that website, such as the title and author. * You need to stop trying to change everything and start working on articles. Reference is simple enough. Source has many meanings. * Even if moved to the section on regulation, it does not support. The article is actually making the case that books such as The Jungle causing regulation is myth. A century later, American schoolchildren are still taught a simplistic and romanticized version of this history. They think that unscrupulous capitalists were routinely tainting our meat, and that the moral crusader Sinclair rallied the public and Congress to act. Government then shifted from bystander to do-gooder and disciplined the marketplace to protect its millions of victims. Reference actually contradicts the statement. Remove and rewrite. * are to be included in their respective section footnotes field. Raw values will be automatically formatted by the template. If you find a raw value is not formatted in your usage of the template, please post a notice on the discussion page for this template. * All references are from self-published sources. * are either unreliable or full of fluff. There's no article on the subject on the English Wikipedia. * are self-serving. * seem fine. Just see final comment below. * appear in literature. * are actions - located in libraries - publications * contain descriptions. * describe development - phenomena * explain details. * include observations. * provide details - further information	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| reference: Annual * Many annuals are shallow rooted, adapting well to the shallow elevated planters - continue to bloom and grow all through their season - have a very long blooming season - produce blooms from planting to frost * Most annuals are easy to start from seed, either sown directly or started indoors - disappear during the dry season, leaving the soil surface exposed - have a long season of bloom - make great fillers, since they grow so quickly and have such long flowering periods * Most annuals prefer a well-drained soil in full sun - warm soils and stable temperatures to grow well * Some annuals are perennial in warmer hardiness zones - pretty when used as a low hedge or border around other plants - perform best in summer heat while others flower vigorously only in cool weather - produce fast, upward growth * adapt to California's summer-dry regime by dying when soils dry. * are a good source of digestible protein livestock can harvest on their own. * are also popular, providing the continual bloom that perennials can t always furnish - some of the most adaptable and easiest to grow of all plants - considerably easier to control and to prevent than perennials * are easy to grow with a little soil preparation and basic care during the growing season - grow, and they come in a dazzling array of colors and varieties * are flowers that bloom only one season - germinate, flower, set seed and die within a single season - have one flowering season - most people buy and transplant they right into their gardens - high water use plants in part because they have shallow, undeveloped roots - highly dependent on rainfall - much more vulnerable to the cold than most perennials - native in southern climates and thrive under hot summer conditions - plants that begin as seeds, grow, and die within one year or one growing season * are plants that complete their life cycle in less than a year - cycle in one growing season - cycle within one year - grow from a seed - which flower the first year, and then die at the end of the growing season - purely seasonal, but perennials die at different rates - reference books - responsible for the colorful desert wildflower displays that often appear in spring * are the flowers that have long blooming seasons, but live only one year - normally sprout quickly, grow fast, and are the first to bloom - usually sprout quickly, grow fast, and are the first to bloom * are the plants that live for only one growing season * avoid the extremes, compress their life cycle, and exist while the environment is favorable. * begin and complete their life cycles in one growing season. * can provide a succession of bloom throughout the year. * complete their entire life cycle in a year or less - growing cycle within one growing season * complete their life cycle in one growing season - season and die - season and reproduce from seeds - year and produce many seeds * complete their life cycle within one year and reproduce from seed - year and reproduce only by seed - cycles in one season by flowering, maturing seed and dying * damaged by the cold usually end up as little mounds of blackened, mushy foliage and stems. * finish a life cycle in one year or growing season. * generally have small tap or fibrous root systems. * germinate after a brief rain and grow slowly until spring. * give color to spring flowering bulb beds after the bulbs have finished blooming. * go through their life cycle in one growing season. * grow from seeds and flower the current year and then die - one season and die back, usually never to return * grow, set seed, and die within a year. * have a short growing season to harvest, often measured in mere days - long blooming seasons, usually about two months - small, shallow root systems and so require a regular supply of water * live for one gardening season and then die - only one growing season, while perennials live more than two years - to flower quickly, produce seed and die * often increase following a fire, creating conditions where wildfires occur more frequently. * propagate themselves by seed only, unlike many biennials and perennials. * provide more color at less cost than any other flower. * represent a large group of garden plants. * respond with vegetative growth but few flowers. * take one year to complete their life cycle. * tend to have more shallow, fibrous roots. * usually have roots that thrive in the top twelve inches of soil - produce more flowers than other types of flowering plants + The Beano: Magazines of the United Kingdom * The Beano' is a weekly British children's comic. The first issue was on July 30, 1938. Annuals are released each year.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| reference \| annual: Annual fleabane * has an upright growth habit. * is found throughout the United States except in the extreme north - similar to rough fleabane, but has more leaves and is taller Hardy annual * Many hardy annuals require long, cold, dark periods in which to germinate. * can be direct-seeded in early spring - tolerate light frost without injury * withstand light frost.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| reference \| annual: Summer annual * complete their life cycle between spring and fall - in late summer or fall - lifecycle from seed to maturity in less than one year * emerge in the spring, flower, and set seed before the first frost. * germinate in spring and summer and then mature in late summer and fall - spring, grow to maturity during summer, and die by fall or winter * germinate in the spring and produce seed in summer or fall - seed out in late summer or fall - set seed in late summer or fall - winter annuals germinate in the fall - or summer, while winter annuals germinate in the fall * germinate in the spring, live during the summer and mature in the fall months - mature in the summer, and die in the fall - mature, produce seed, and die in one growing season * grow each spring or summer from seed. * thrive when summer annual crops like corn or soybeans are grown.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| reference \| annual: Winter annual * are a particular problem for strawberry growers - problem weeds for strawberry growers for several reasons * can be difficult to control in the spring - complement perennial forages * continue to increase as tillage is reduced. * germinate at the end of summer and overwinter as small, dormant seedlings - the summer and overwinter as small, dormant, green plants * germinate in the early fall - fall, mature in the winter, and die early summer * have the exact opposite life cycle. * sprout in the fall, thrive during the winter and die in late spring or early summer. Bible * Some Bibles have small concordan-ces in the back - sit on shelves to collect dust, while others are worn thin because of constant use * are books - handbooks * are located in confessions - hotels - motels - religious books - shelf stock items in department stores, novelty shops, and most bookstores - so abundant in most areas of the world + Biblical canon, Books * These books are in almost all Christian Bibles. Some Bibles contain other books as well. Biblical reference * are also the source of many idioms. * mention barley's dietary use in long-ago cultures. Buoy * Some buoys also measure atmospheric pressure - use bells or whistles in addition to lights * are devices - points of reference making it possible to navigate through otherwise treacherous waters - reference points * eliminate anchor damage to living coral. * use the rise and fall of swells to drive hydraulic pumps and generate electricity. * usually mark reefs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| reference: Directory * Directories also have search engines that either search their contents or the whole web - are Internet catalogs which organize their links by subject matter * Directories are a database of stored information about web sites - passive listing of Internet sites compiled by people - unique type of file that give hierarchical structure to the file system - an organized and convenient way of storing useful data - areas or folders that store files and other directories - categorized lists of sites picked out by human editors * Directories are collections of Internet sites organized by subject - resources organised into categories - websites that have been manually indexed or categorized - computer files - databases of Web sites that are listed by category - different to search engines, in that they rely on human perusal of Web sites - essentially subject trees of links to Web pages - files that contain indexes needed to locate other files - galaxies within the universe, and files are stars within a galaxy - hierarchically organized lists of internet resources, generally manually compiled - high-level abstract constructs that are convenient for grouping files together - how computers and networks know what stuff is and where it goes - huge lists of web sites compiled by people * Directories are lists of Internet sites arranged by subject - people, organizations, etc * Directories are lists of resources compiled by people - organized by topic - located in offices * Directories are organized listings of web sites that are created manually by people - sort of like libraries keep track of their books * Directories are reference books * Directories are searchable collections of sites that have been arranged by subject or concepts - databases of web resources, classified by people - similar to filing cabinets * Directories are simply repositories of information - web documents which contain annotated menus or indices * Directories are sites that provide a list of all the major sites and companies on the Web - that, like a gigantic phone book, provide a listing of the sites on the web - which attempt to categorise all the information that is out there * Directories are special files that can contain both files and more directories - hold the names of other files or other directories - purpose databases usually containing typed information * Directories are the computer's way of organizing the many files that can be placed on a disk - way in which people organize stored data on computers - useful for providing names, addresses, and phone numbers of potential employers - arrange the list of documents in a hierarchical lists - colon-separated list of directories * Directories contain files, subdirectories, or a combination of both - groups of files that have something in common - differ from indexes, however, in the way they organize information - help locate and identify persons or organizations - make an attempt to organize the resources on the web into logical categories - organize information in a hierarchy, and provide a means for accessing that information * Directories provide a standard way of storing and looking up data - names, addresses, and phone numbers of state officials and government employees - semicolon-separated list of directories - tend to be compiled by human endeavor - treat information differently than search engines - use human editors to organise the web by topic * catalog of sites collected and organized by humans. * commercial directory dedicated to risk management. * is the directory in which to save the uploaded file. * paid advertising listing of companies and their Web sites - service of companies that seek to publicize their web sites * user driven directory.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| reference \| directory: Phone book * are directories. * are located in cabinets - drawers - hotels - motels * consume millions of trees each year. * have names. Subject directory * Subject directories are hierarchical databases organized by category. * Subject directories are lists compiled by people - of selected Web resources arranged by topic in a hierarchical way - search tools that are organized by category - web databases that use humans to index new web pages rather than robots Telephone book * are located in closets - desks - houses - libraries - phone booths - telephone booths * are used for addresses - paperweights - steps - telephone numbers Encyclopaedia * are simply too small. * provide a condensed overview of every branch of a subject. Handbook * Some handbooks are compilations of research in a discipline. * are books - concise reference books focusing on a specific subject * are often the quickest way to find formula or tabular data - useful for locating data and formulae Locality of reference * is one of the reasons why caches work well in many areas of computing. + Cache: Computer science * Typical computer applications access data in very similar ways. This is known as locality of reference. Locality of reference is one of the reasons why caches work well in many areas of computing. Reference counting * are counting. * is used to determine when an object is no longer needed and can safely be freed - it is safe to reclaim an object's storage White line * are main roads connecting the places - major highways - reference points - the soil unit-mapping * indicate velocity and direction of storms. * show the distribution of hot, X-ray emitting gas. Yearbook - great sources of history - located in trunks - small printed or mimeographed booklets which outline the club's meetings for the year * class that meets during the school day and writes and publishes the Nautilus * is an organization that plans the format for producing the senior yearbook. * often focus on a specific group or topic. ### message \| statement \| remark: Bromide * are chemical compounds - normally colorless and nontoxic - remarks. * ' is the reduced form of bromine. It is an ion. It exists when another element, such as sodium, gives away electrons to bromine, turning it into bromide. The aluminium turns into an aluminum ion, and both ions bond to form sodium bromide, a chemical compound. Bromides are normally colorless and nontoxic * relaxes muscles and minimizes stiffens.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement \| remark \| bromide: Silver bromide * are bromides - crystal - electrolytes - ionic compounds * is light sensitive and used in photography film - quite sensitive to light, and undergoes a chemical reaction when light hits it - used in film - very insoluble in water and is thus often used as a qualitative test for bromine + Bromine, Uses: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals * Organobromines are used to put out fires. They used to be added to gasoline. Some were used as pesticides. Some inorganic bromides were used as sedatives. Bromine can also be used as a disinfectant. Silver bromide is used in film. ### message \| statement \| remark \| slam: Poetry slam * are to poems what extreme sports are to cricket. * is the competitive art of performance poetry.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement: Solution * Many solutions contain bleach, which is toxic to plants when in concentrated form. * Most solutions consist of solute. * Some solutions absorb energy as they are formed - change colors when they are mixed with sour or bitter substances * Some solutions contain digestive enzymes * address aspects - issues * are clear liquids that are especially useful for treating the scalp - groups of molecules that are mixed and evenly distributed in a system - homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances - homogenous mixtures of two or more substances - liquids in which a drug is dissolved - methods - mixtures that are homogeneous - special mixtures formed when one substance dissolves in another - statements - success * attract attention - much attention * biodegradable concentrated powder. * can also be gases dissolved in liquids, such as carbonated water. * can be gases, liquids, or solids - mixtures of liquids, solids, or gases - solids dissolved in liquids * change as individuals, families, and children's ages change across the lifecycle. * contain concentration - indicators - matter - minor elements - particulate matter - radioactive elements - sugar concentration * containing aluminum salts are useful when the skin is damaged from excessive wetness. * describe effects. * have attributes - certain characteristics - features - little effects - lower concentration - problems - solute concentration - sulfide concentration - total concentration * help crises - energy crises - goals - organizations * include components - identify opportunity * involve actions. * ionize into positive and negative ions. * is corrosive to body tissues and metallic materials * is the chemical reaction between carbon acid in the water and mineral elements in the rock - process by which an answer is produced - when one substance dissolves into another one * major chemical weathering process dissolving Florida limestones. * often remove large amounts of material from rocks as they are being deformed. * provide experience - roles - strategies * relate to problems. * require activities - development - maintenance - other methods * transport mechanism that occurs only in aqueous environments. * use follow methods - technology ### message \| statement \| solution: Acidic solution * attack a variety of mineral phases that are found in fly ash. * freeze at lower temperatures than pure water. * have a higher concentration of hydronium ions than hydroxide ions. Alkaline solution * are good solvents for myrrh. * can also corrode sanitary sewers and pumping stations - cause skin sensitization Aqueous solution * Some aqueous solutions contain ethanols. * are solutions - unstable, clear, light yellow, and alkaline * is neutral or slightly acid. Brine * are companies - subsidiaries - typically warmer than coastal waters and highly saline as well * can also contain other ingredients, such as vinegar, dill seed, garlic and lime. * evaporate to a variety of different salts. * exhibit similar behavior. * often contain a little iodide. * shrimp inhabit areas across the globe, both in the western hemisphere and eastern hemisphere - often look like orange clumps in the water Chlorine water * is mixed with potassium bromide. * releases iodine from other substances. Collodion * form of cellulose nitrate dissolved in ether and alcohol. * form of nitrocellulose chssolved in ether and alcohol * liquid used to suspend the image-forming silver on the glass or metal plate. - of pyroxylin in ether and ethanol * viscous solution of cellulose nitrate in ether and alcohol.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| solution: Concentrated solution * are strong acids and highly corrosive - oxidizers and can be corrosive to the skin * can degrease the skin leading to bacterially induced dermatitis. * cause deep ulcers and stain skin a yellow or yellow-brown color. * have a large amount of solute. * is the one where the ratio of solute to solvent is large. * oxidize a methyl group on an aromatic ring, e.g. toluene to benzoic acid. * react violently with water, spattering and liberating heat. + Potassium permanganate, Uses, As an oxidant in organic synthesis: Potassium compounds :: Manganese compounds Conjugate * also have asexual reproduction. * are stable to a wide range of pH and ionic strengths. Dilute solution * cause mild skin irritation and hardening of the epidermis. * have a small amount of solute. Extract * Most extracts are in an alcohol base. * are also an effective means of ingesting ginseng, and are very popular in China - potent blood pressure lowering agents and sedatives * generally have less alcohol content than tinctures. * inhibit secretion of granular contents from platelets and neutrophils. ### message \| statement \| solution \| extract: Botanical extract * add body and vitamins nourish, soothe and condition the hair. * are a clean, safe, and effective way of taking herbs. * help soothe the horse. * purify, soothe and revitalize the skin. Garlic extract * can also fight helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes stomach ulcers. * is even more potent when applied externally - one fifth less potent than niclosamide Hawthorn extract * are considered to be relatively safe. * decrease peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension in animal models. Herbal extract * affect the physical body and thus rely on the physical parts of the plant. * are easier to dose - highly concentrated liquid herbs that have a long shelf life Natural extract * moisturize, control static and resist humidity. * mositurize and add shine. Plant extract * Some plant extracts are very effective - some are very toxic. * provide soothing, calming benefits for stressed skin and senses. * work to soften and condition skin. * yield a higher concentration of the active substances unlike their powdered forms. Yeast extract * is high in B-complex vitamins - the base of most dry broths and bouillons * major ingredient in many proprietary yeast supplements. * provides additional vitamins, amino acids, etc. * serves as the carbon and nitrogen source. Ferrite * are ceramics materials that can be magnetized to a high degree - effective on radio power input leads and strobe power input leads - solid solutions * can achieve much higher permeabilities than their counterparts, powdered-irons - come in all shades of black and gray-black * have the least expensive raw materials. ### message \| statement \| solution \| ferrite: Soft ferrite * are the most effective when they have a large flux swing and low coercivity. * is now an important material for various electronic components. Hypotonic solution * cause cells to swell, hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink. * result in cell swelling and poor fixation. Infusion * are extractions - less concentrated than tinctures and are an easy way to take herbs at home - most effective when preceded by a loading dose of medication - solutions of vegetable principles in water * is made by adding one ounce to a pint of boiling water. * lowers vaccine-induced fever in rabbits. ### message \| statement \| solution \| mouthwash: Antibacterial mouthwash * are helpful in preventing tooth decay and mouth odors. * can help defeat the odor forming bacteria. Nutrient solution * Most nutrient solutions contain elements - minor elements * surges through several times per day. Permanent solution * can also cause allergic reactions, though that's a rare side effect. * require methods - other methods	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| solution: Polymer solution * Most polymer solutions are thick, more like syrup. * are well studied at thermal equilibrium. Saline * inflates the balloon, stretching the fibers of the ligament, which is then pushed upward. * is just sterile water with a little added salt - most very useful when used for gravel burns or grazes * soils Nonsaline-alkali soils. Saline solution * are aqueous solutions - liquids - salt water * enters one nostril, bathes the nose, and flows out the other nostril. * flushes the intravenous line. * restores blood volume and saves lives during emergencies. * substance which is completely physiologic with the human body. ### message \| statement \| solution \| saline: Hypertonic saline * induces panic in patients with panic disorder. * negative inotropic agent in normovolumic dogs. Normal saline * is the diluent of choice - product of choice used in the administration of blood * safe, available, effective, and inexpensive irrigating solution. Salt solution * contain mixture. * is run through an ion exchange column in the hydrogen form. Solid solution * Most solid solutions solidify over a range in temperature. * are often very complex in behavior Spoonerism * are phrases, sentences, or words in language with sounds swapped. * is also a form of metathesis. Summary * Summaries are presented in tables - statements * Summaries contain important information - cover modules * Summaries give examples - follow examples - highlight facts * Summaries include information - preliminary information - provide information - receive attention ### message \| statement \| summary: Overview * are conceptual work - summaries * contain information. * include minor variation * provide details - specific details * require explanations. Resume * are a form of persuasive writing intended to influence the reader and incite action - tool that job seekers use to get interviews * writing construction process. Summation * are arithmetic operations * is one of the integrating properties of the central nervous system. * is the adding together of individual muscle twitches to make a whole muscle contraction - step in which all the other steps meet * just is mathematical computation. * uses a visual representation of a filing cabinet to organize case data. ### message \| statement \| summary \| summation: Spatial summation * allows a cell to fire if two inputs are active at the very same time. * involves the conversion of several weak signals into a large one.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| statement: Theorem * are another source of power for mathematics - empirical claims about how things actually are in culture, viz - ideas - part of theories - propositions - proved using logic and other theorems that have already been proved * includes language units. * involve parameters. * A 'theorem' proven idea in mathematics. Theorems are proved using logic and other theorems that have already been proved. Theorems are made of two parts, there are hypotheses and conclusions. * Some theorems are trivial, they directly follow from the propositions. Sometimes, such proofs involve other areas of matematics or show connections between different areas. A theorem might be simple to state and yet be deep. An excellent example is Fermat's Last Theorem, and there are many other examples of simple yet deep theorems in number theory and combinatorics, among other areas.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| statement \| untruth: Lie * LiE software package for LiE group computations. * also refers to the angle of the sole of the clubhead to the shaft. * are also a means for taking control away from someone else and co-opting it for oneself - essential to humanity - like clouds that come and go at random to cover the sun - more difficult to maintain when people have universal access to a variety of viewpoints * are the grease that keeps the wheels of commerce turning - oil that make the wheels of conversation run smoothly * come in many forms. * grow as the leaves fall. * have short legs. * indicates a state of reclining along a horizontal plane. * is an intransitive verb, and lay transitive verb - intransitive, which means it never takes a direct object - untruth * walk on short legs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Story * Many stories tell of vampires that grew new skin, or grew longer fingernails. * Some stories are about people standing up for what they believe in or making ethical decisions - told by fathers - describe childbirth * Stories address environmental issues - also play an important part in people's identity - appear in magazines - are a means of communication * Stories are a way to communicate and create personal relationships - engage learners and affect the emotional parts of the brain - capable of floors - common to other cultures - fiction - gifts given by an elder to a younger person - interestings * Stories are located in bookstores - newspapers - novels - pasts - narrative - one of the most powerful forms of human communication * Stories are one way in which meaning is carried beyond the words - that people make sense of the world in which they live - part of newspapers - powerful because they bind information and understanding over time - realities lived and believed * Stories are the building blocks of human thought, the absolute necessities of life - knowledge, the foundation of memory and learning - metaphors of our lives - way in which our children learn about who they are and what they come from * Stories are used for entertainment - reading - teachs - telling - writing - written by reporters * Stories base on assumptions - observations - themes - become legends * Stories can also bring a form of immortality to people - be about people, places, events, even supernatural beings * Stories come from mothers - sites * Stories come to conclusions - firm conclusions - concern behavior * Stories contain dawns - elements * Stories describe concepts - key concepts - exist for every age and culture, every family and creation, every color and sound - explain life - feature images - focus on issues * Stories follow events - patterns - give examples - guide how people act, think, feel, and make sense of new experience * Stories have artistic interest - coverage - descriptions - endure quality - facts - origins - plots - sentences - villains * Stories help pass the time when hungry stomachs growl for food - teachers - illustrate life - include details - influence children's learning for life - involve characters - link verbal language to the languages of voice and body * Stories make comparison - senses - statements - offer examples - play an important role in all children's emotional and intellectual development * Stories provide evidence - genetic evidence - great examples * Stories receive attention - worldwide attention - reflect interest - reveal perspective * Stories show actions - appearances - effective actions * is the way in which style and substance are achieved. * telling encourages children to read and opens doors to the world of literature - in the Arab culture family activity, and an age old practice * way to create and share knowledge. + Agnes Grey: 1847 books :: British novels * Story has happy end. Finally, Agnes married her heart friend Edward Weston and they have three children called Agnes, Mary and Edward. + Chloris: Greek mythology * Some stories refer to different characters. Others refer to the same Chloris, but have different details. + Kakadu National Park, Aboriginal rock art sites: Protected areas of the Northern Territory :: Ramsar sites :: Australian National Heritage List :: World Heritage Sites in Australia :: National parks in Australia * There are also images of the Rainbow Serpent said to have created much of the landscape as well as mischievous Mimi spirits and the story of the Namarrgarn Sisters. Many stories connected to Aboriginal rock are highly complex and linked to other stories. Often the true meanings have been lost, but they all have a purpose which is usually to serve as a lesson or a warning to the young or to those passing through the area. + Legion of Net. Heroes, Fictional History, Stories * Some of these stories are funny, and some are not. Many stories are about the link between writers, characters, and readers. + Romance comics: Comics * Romance comics' is a genre of comics. Stories are about love, courtship, marriage, divorce, heartbreak and other aspects of romance. Most stories in the past featured teens and young adults. The stories were set in contemporary times. Joe Simon and Jack Kirby took credit for inventing the genre. They noticed many adults were reading comics after WWII, but only children's comics were available on newsstands. The two created a title for adults called 'Young Romance'. + Science fiction, Different styles of science fiction * Within Hard or Soft SF, there are different types, or subgenres, of science fiction. Each subgenre is a group of stories that uses similar ideas or styles of writing. Publishing companies and critics put works of SF into different subgenres to help describe the work to help readers choose which books to read ro movies to watch. Assigning genres is not simple. Some stories can be in two or more genres at the same time. Other stories may not fit any genre. + Vyankatesh Madgulkar, Writing: 1927 births :: 2001 deaths :: Indian writers * Many of the stories told in this way are about poor people. Some stories are about things that had happened during Vyankatesh Madgulkar's childhood. Some stories are about family members. Only a few stories have a plot. Most stories have one central character. But a few stories are about happenings rather than on people.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| story: Aboriginal story * Aboriginal stories say a great fire came from the ocean. + Coffin Bay National Park: National parks in Australia :: Protected areas of South Australia * Aboriginal stories say a great fire came from the ocean. Two men stopped the fire by dumping the sand dunes on top of it.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| story: Allegory * Allegories involve metaphorical depictions and unreal representations - use animals with human attributes to teach moral lessons * is artwork. * works as a mirror for personal ethics, shifting debate on ritual to spiritual significance. + Allegory, Examples: Genres :: Literary terms * Allegories still continue to be popular today. Pictures, movies and plays can be allegories. Star Trek' used a great deal of allegory, to look at social conditions and moral values in the present, while telling stories based in the future. Alien races were often a reflection of Earth's own races and countries. Creation story * Creation stories are inherent in most cultures and have close ties with religion - explain man s connection to earth and divinity - have descriptions * Many creation stories tie in human understanding of creation of life.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| story: Fable * appear independently in ancient Indian and Mediterranean cultures. * are a part of oral culture that survives in our own - specific type of folktale, usually about animals behaving as people - about moral and ethical problems - common in folklore and children's literature - evil when they are used to discredit faith and destroy hope in the future * are short stories full of action that always include a lesson - which teach a lesson and are often about animals - with morals which feature animals acting as humans - simple tales intended to convey a certain moral or truth - stories with a moral - valuable, and actually help bind cultures together - video games * often end with a lesson to be learned. * teach human wisdom through fairy-tale like stories with speaking trees and animal. * tell how the fox likes to appear as women. + Morality: Ethics :: Psychology :: Philosophy * It can also be a lesson that someone learns in a book or story. Fables are stories with a moral. * Many fables are so well-known that their morals have become English sayings. Fairytale * are narrative. * span the reaches of time, creating parodies of life. * speak the language of children.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| story: Folk tale * Some folk tales involve orangutans mating with and kidnapping humans. * are full of stories related to the great man. * are stories that are passed on from generation to generation - have been passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth - the myths of the race * come from all different places around the world. * have a direct link to a community's social, cultural and historical values - scores of tales of magical fairies and mighty wizards * provide insights into the values, customs and behaviors of a society. * relate the legendary longevity of turtles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| story: Folktale * Most folktales are simply cautionary stories, told to inspire fear or shared revulsion. * Some folktales are animal tales, religious tales, or catch tales. * also can help people to understand much about groups and their cultures. * are a category of folklore - type of oral prose that is passed from one person to another - alive and constantly changing - an integral part of Louisiana's heritage - common in all countries, universal in nature - more people-oriented than either myths or legends - often teach positive moral lessons - one of the many things the world's people have in common with each other - popular in Haiti * are stories of the fabulous that fascinate children and adults - originally told orally - that are heard and remembered - usually easier to learn than other types of traditional literature * can teach children a culture's values and are worth including in any selection. * describe tequila as the drink of the ancient gods. * involve clear conflict between good and evil. * is narrative - part of folklores * offer profound insights into the cultures from which they come. * often explain a phenomenon in the world, or tell a lesson about human nature - start with real people, good guys and bad guys * reflect personalities. * reveal a great deal about the place in which they originate. * tell the stories of a people. Ghost story * Ghost stories Telling scary stories around the camp fire tradition as old as mankind - Use for works dealing with ghosts * Ghost stories are a part of human culture - animes - play on the basic fear of the unknown or the intangible - range from the supernatural to modern superstition - reflect the thinking, culture, and lifestyles of a given society * Some ghost stories are told by sailors. Love story * Love stories Use for works in which romantic love is the central element. * Love stories are films ### message \| story \| mystery story: Detective story * Detective stories are mysteries - involve following clues and unravelling plots to re-establish a sense of order * Many detective stories have police officers as the main characters. * mystery story Nursery rhyme * can be a child's introduction to reading. * come to life in animated and real life scenes. * demonstrate the variation in words that sound nearly alike. * enhance the ability to learn and read. * swim through wild seas across generations of parents and children. Parable * Some parables are comedies, where things are turned upside down and everything ends in surprise. * are a way of teaching that can allow truths to enter the mind tactfully - another form of figurative language sometimes used in Scripture - common in the holy scriptures of many religions * are simple stories told usually to convey one simple truth - which tell truth * are stories taught to illustrate truth - that have a single message for the listener * is stories. Short story * Short stories are stories. * Short stories describe concepts - key concepts - show development Success story * Success stories address environmental issues - are what sports are all about * Success stories show actions - effective actions<\|endoftext\|>### message \| story: Thriller * are adventure stories - detectives - one of the most popular forms of fiction - usually plot-driven books with lots of action * often have a horror or crime theme. + Thriller (genre): Movie genres :: Television genres :: Literature by genre * A 'thriller' is a genre found in literature, movies and television. It uses suspense, where the audience is made to wonder what is going to happen next. Thrillers often have a horror or crime theme. Some examples of thriller movies are 'Psycho', 'Silence of the Lambs', 'Argo' and 'The Birds'.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Subject * Some subjects change short, ultraviolet energy into longer, visible, wavelengths or colors - have incisions that cross into the visual field during the day, as well * are constituents - messages * are part of scenes - sentences - terms * cause experience. * contain appropriate references - cross references * give consent - unique insight * have ability - aspects - calcium intake - choices - daily intake * have lower daily intake * include mathematics - physiology * receive protocols. * show reductions. + Adaptive unconscious, Evidence 2: experiments, Scrambled sentences: Psychology * Subjects sort out four-word sentences from sets of five word. They concentrate on getting the sentences right. Unknown to them the unused word gives their minds a subtle bias. The idea is that of John Bargh. + Institut Le Rosey, Music: Schools in Switzerland :: 1880 establishments * January to March the school moves to Gstaad. There they do winter sports like skiing every day. All subjects are taught in English and French. + Lev Vygotsky, 'Thought and Language': Psychologists :: Russian scientists * Inner speech is not comparable in form to external speech. External speech is the process of turning thought into words. Inner speech, for example, contains predicates only. Subjects are superfluous. Words are also used much more economically. One word in inner speech would take many words to express it in external speech. * Subject is a recently created amateur football club from a small town in Malaysia. Main web presence is Facebook. Submission * also way for women to be truly fulfilled in their marriages. * are agreement - conditions - contention * is an act of faith - expression of love - the discipline of letting go * refers to the humbling of the ego effected by silencing the inner turbulence of thought. * subtle and sensitive role in human relationships. * voluntary act of yielding to and cooperating with another person or authority. Tale * are the part of culture, traditions, customs and history of people. * can express the interconnectedness, or ecology, of all things. * give names to the world and names to the inner states of human beings. * have origins.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| tale: Fairy tale * Many fairy tales take place in lands that never really existed - tell of a hero or heroine sent on an impossible mission * Most fairy tales are quests of one sort or another - depict the death of an evil character as a violent and brutal death - have a happy ending * are great for children's imaginations - important because they express cultural moments - literary reflections of ever-changing times and moral standpoints - magical stories that are usually folk tales in origin * are one literary genre which offer information about cultural heritage - of the oldest methods for sharing stories across generations - proof that people have always like monster stories - stories filled with wonder * are the folk expression of myth - precursors to all modern fantasy books * arouse the same kind of fascination in both adults and children. * belong to the people. * can inspire readers to create original works of art - lead to the understanding of a variety of customs and cultures * carry themes of roses to children. * come in many forms - versions and forms * contribute to violence in society. * depict various aspects of the inner psychic drama. * describe the basic structures, dynamics, and processes of the human psyche. * have their own morals and theor own ethics. * help children make sense of their own lives and inner feelings. * make a strong impression on children. * offer a connection between cultures and generations. * reflect the mythic substrata of our own lives. ### message \| telegram: Cablegram * are telegrams transmitted via under sea cable, usually between contintnents - the international equivalent of a telegram * is telegram	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message: Theme * appear in tales. * are films - ideas - tunes * refers to the look or overall style of an application such as a web browser. + Water for Elephants: Books with circus settings :: 20th century American novels :: 2006 books :: English-language novels * Water for Elephants' is a novel by Sara Gruen. It was published in 2006 by Algonquin Books. The story is about a 23 year old Polish American orphan who joins a circus during the Great Depression. Themes are love and romance, murder, and cruelty to animals. The story was made into a 2011 movie starring Robert Pattinson, Reese Witherspoon, Christoph Waltz, Jim Norton, and Hal Holbrook.<\|endoftext\|>### message: Topic * are categories used to group mailing lists together - content - logical categories that are used to organize mailing lists - written by experts * attract attention - considerable attention - much attention * give lists. * have elementary lessons - school lessons - middle school lessons * include analyses - characteristics - conditions - descriptions - information - principles - synthesis * provide descriptions - details - opportunity - overviews * relate to nutrition - subjects * studied by social psychologists include attitudes, prejudice, conformity, and aggression. * to provide information. * is notable. Article was rewritten since the nomination. Marfi has created three articles, and all three have grammar and spelling issues. * Many topics have types of categories which usually apply to every article in the topic. Wit * S are undergraduates who respond to student writers in a collaborative environment. * character's ingenuity, reasoning power and speed of thought. * form of arousal. * good heuristic for intelligence that people notice. * is the epitaph of an emotion - kind of theatrical experience of which legends are made - wit, humor, liveliness of mind, fancy, genius, poetry itself, etc * matter of the intellect, the instantaneous action of an elastic mind.<\|endoftext\|>### message \| wit: Cartoon * also possess personality, traits and attitudes. * are a form of mental abstraction, the pictographic language of our time - cartoons, and they work on their own, by their own standards of excellence - colorful images which call attention to themselves - drawing * are located in newspapers - television - motivated signs, or signs that look more or less like what they symbolize - part of publications - pictures - shows - wit * is wit * represent situations - typical situations * show men - the way the average person lives and thinks * survive as an art form and as journalism. + Okashina Okashi: Webcomics :: Science fiction :: LGBT * Okashina Okashi' is hosted on Comic Genesis, a free online provider of webcomics. Baird used his comics while teaching for Hess Educational Organization, an English education business in the Republic of China and Singapore. In Language Learning Games and Activities Volume 3 pg 14-15, edited by Gary Bosomworth and Sheryn Williams. Hess Educational Organization, 2005. He used 'Okashina Okashi' in the 'Create a Comic Project' when he volunteered to teach a free after-school youth literacy library event in New Haven, CT.McLoughlin, Pamela. Cartoons propel creative process. New Haven Register.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### message \| wit \| cartoon: Comic strip * Many comic strips use onomatopoeia. * are a form of art - cartoons * are part of comic books - short comics which are often found in newspapers + Cartoon, Types of cartoons, Web Comics: Politics :: Comics * Comic strips posted on the internet are 'web comics'. Some use animation and sound for special effects. Some web comics take up much more space than newspapers want to print, and most offer a large collection of earlier strips for new readers, so longer stories can be told. * There are many kinds of comics. Comic strips are short comics which are often found in newspapers. Comic books are thin comics magazines. Graphic novels are books of comics. In Japan, comics are very popular, and Japanese comics are popular around the world. The Japanese word for comics is manga, and people use this word for Japanese comics in English and other languages. Political cartoon * are still popular today * can have the greatest impact on politicians. * communicate the attitudes of the press and the public. * feed schools' current events curricula. * use stereotyped images. Gag * Some GAGs form electrostatic interactions with collagens, which carry a net positive charge. * are the basic substrate of cartilage, ligaments, tendons and bones. * denotes potential sites for the addition of glycosamino glycan side chains. * form part of the ground substance of connective tissue, which is found throughout the body. * is wit * tend to adopt highly extended conformations that occupy a large volume relative to their mass. Joke * are common to all cultures - funnies - funny, and they have the ability to hurt people - good - stories told at the expense of a group * attract attention. * cause a desire to laughs - laughter * constitute something said or done to amuse or provoke laughter. * includes chapters - paragraphs - tag lines - word order + Pun: Figures of speech :: Humor * People make puns in order to make other people laugh. Many jokes are actually puns. ### message \| wit \| joke: Ethnic joke * are jokes. * can take form in a multitude of styles. ### message \| wit \| joke \| funny: Funny thing * happen to people when they have to raise their right hand and take an oath. * happen when colored lights cast shadows - people resort to self-sculpturing Mot * are pollutant levels set a fixed percentage above the limit value. * eat the carcasses carrying the mrow eggs. Pun * can be harmful if swallowed in large quantities. * is fun * use words that have two meanings or words that sound similar to make jokes. * are easier to make in some languages than others. ### messages: Instant message * are messages - short notes that Internet users can send to one another in real time * cause a desire to types. Metal object * Any metal object acts as an antenna for electromagnetic radiation, including microwaves. * are the best reflectors of microwaves. * can affect the image, so avoid clothing with zippers and snaps - prematurely discharge the batteries * make the best conductors. ### metal-cleaning agent: Methyl chloroform * is absent in the free atmosphere prior to spin-up. * metal-cleaning agent. ### metaphysical concept: Absolute truth * exists in all areas of life and can be known. * metaphysical concept. * refers to the universal, eternal truth.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Meteorite * ALL meteorites contain metal. * Many meteorites show evidence of having been part of a larger, differentiated , parent body - strike Earth every year * Most meteorites are asteroid fragments, broken up by collision with other asteroids - fairly small, with the largest ever discovered only a few meters across - fragments broken from asteroids - irons - magnetic, some strongly, some weakly - of the stony type - small and they cause very little damage when they hit - stony meteorites, classed as chondrites and achondrites * Most meteorites come from asteroids in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - the break-up of small asteroids that never accreted to form a planet * Most meteorites contain large amounts of iron and as a result are attracted to a magnet - some iron and tend to be very heavy - explode upon impact with the Earth's surface - fall into Earth's oceans * Most meteorites fall into the chondrite category - ocean, but occasionally they fall and hit land, forming a crater * Some meteorites are nearly pure stainless steel, born in ancient supernovas - contain the four lead isotopes but no uranium or thorium parents - even contain remnants of materials formed before our solar system even existed - have holes - kill dinosaurs * actually land upon the Earth. * also experience impacts themselves and can contain diamonds - tell much about what the asteroids are like * are a diverse group of rocks - significant addition to the amount of carbon on the Earth - all different colors - also rocks - any size - basically rocks from space * are bits of material left over from the formation of the solar system's planets - rock that are captured by a planet's gravity and pulled to the surface * are chunks of rock and metal left over from the earliest history of our solar system - which have impacted the Earth - cold when they land, and generally remain intact on the surface * are different from other stones in several ways - kinds of rock - shapes - either stone, iron, or stony-iron - fragments of meteors that have fallen to Earth without burning up in the atmosphere - heavier that earth rocks because of their iron content - heavy, weighing more than the average terrestrial rock of equivalent size - leftovers from the newborn solar system * are like spheres - volcano rocks but bigger - messengers from time and space - meteoroids that have landed on the Earth * are mostly from other planets - pieces of rock, though a few are metal, that fall to Earth from space - objects that have survived the plunge through earth s atmosphere and hit the ground - particles of other planets * are pieces of ancient material that survive their fall to Earth from space - rock that enter Earth's atmosphere from space - the solar system that have crashed into the earth - rare and scientifically important discoveries * are rocks from outer space that have fallen to earth - space that strike the Earth - that land from space - sometimes very hard to differentiate from terrestrial rocks - stony or metallic bodies that fall to the Earth from space * are the left-overs from the creation of the solar system - meteoroids after they have reached the surface of the earth - remnants of the birth of the solar system - unpredictable - very dense, iron-rich materials * break open the surface exposing the hot interior. * burn when they hit the atmosphere. * can be of four basic types - break up in space - fall at any time of day, but most fall in the afternoon or evening * come from different galaxies - the asteroid belt, which swarm of objects between Mars and Jupiter - in three forms such as stony, stony-iron and iron based * comes in various sizes , shapes and composition. * contain small amounts of iridium. * continue to be significant and mysterious. * fall down very quickly - into three main categories - irons, stones, and stony irons - on the earth daily * float around in space. * flow with the glacial ice toward the sea. * generally have a pitted surface and fused charred crust. * have a variety of sources where they originate - wholly different flight pattern - density three times that of solid rock - many different sizes, ranging from pebbles up to several feet across * includes sections. * look like shooting stars when they soar through the sky. * never contain abundant gas bubbles or have porous or spongy textures. * offer the oldest known material in our solar system. * often contain cobalt - fall as showers of a few to many fragments * provide astronomers with useful information about our solar system - nonbiological sources of organic matter * quickly rust out into rusted shells and wither away. * range in size from many tonnes down to a few grams. * reach Earth's surface because they are the right size to travel through the atmosphere. * represent primitive solar system material - the building blocks of planets and, in some cases, life * typically fall into one of five categories. * usually have a burned appearance, are pitted, and are denser than other rocks - smooth surface with rounded corners * weigh different amounts.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### meteorite: Iron meteorite * are almost all metal, a nickel-iron alloy - less subject to break up in flight due to their greater structural stability - much more frequently found than stony ones - nearly pure metallic nickel-iron * are the most common group of meteorites by weight - samples of the cores of ancient worlds * are the type most often found, because of their unusual appearance - people think of when they hear the word - very hard on diamond blades of conventional lapidary saws * consist mainly of an iron-nickel alloy - mostly of iron and nickel * lacking a well-developed etch pattern are classified as ataxites.<\|endoftext\|>### meteorite: Pallasite * Consists of a matrix of nickel-iron with embedded grains of olivine. * are easily the most beautiful meteorites, especially when cut and polished - meteorites made up of both stone and iron - some of the most sought after meteorites because of their striking beauty - stony iron meteorites composed of olivine enclosed in metal * contain approximately equal proportions of silicate and nickel-iron. * form beautiful olivine crystals that are embedded into a metal matrix. * probably form when the olivine-rich mantle of an asteroid mixes with the metallic core. Stony meteorite * Most stony meteorites contain chondrules and therefore are called chondrites. * are difficult to identify - harder to identify because they look like volcanic rocks - similar to terrestrial rocks * are the hardest to identify since they look very much like terrestrial rocks - ones most commonly observed falling to Earth * can superficially resemble earth rocks, so they often go unnoticed. * contain small flecks of free metal. * look similar to ordinary rocks. Meteorological phenomenon * Meteorological phenomena occur during seasons. * Most meteorological phenomena occur during seasons.<\|endoftext\|>Methane * More methane comes from rice paddies and forest fires. * Most methane comes from gases - natural gases - sources * Most methane is produced by decay - released to the atmosphere via the leakage of natural gas from distribution systems * Most methane produces vapor - water vapor * Some methane absorbs light - red light - goes into lungs * Some methane has bonds - covalent bonds * Some methane helps energy - renewable energy * Some methane is manufactured by the distillation of coal - produced by cattle * Some methane traps in ocean sediments * contributes to emissions - global emissions - greenhouse gas emissions * fluxes from terrestrial environments. * is alkane - chemical compounds - fuel - greenhouse gases - paraffin * originates from cattle and landfills. * transmits light - visible light ### methane: Atmospheric methane * Some atmospheric methane absorbs light * breaks down within a decade. * is the methane present in Earth's atmosphere. Methionine * is amino acid - chemical compounds * works very well in supplements that also include omega fatty acids in their formula<\|endoftext\|>Methodology * Describes the refined scientific means to understand deeper aspects of reality. * Methodologies account for variation. * Methodologies are epistemology - methods - taxonomies, or well-organized collections, of related methods - the way programs and systems are developed * Methodologies depend on factors - several factors - describe procedures - drive approaches - eliminate defects * Methodologies involve sequential steps * Methodologies provide accurate solutions - support management * Some methodologies focus on light. * is epistemology - how observers go about their observations and explanations of social reality - the study of research methods * refers to a theoretically informed framework.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### methodology: Scientific method * are methodologies. * is an approach employed by biologists for gathering information - exact and systematic way of understanding the world - humanity's tool for understanding the physical side of the universe - limited to a process defined by that which is measurable and repeatable - the only method of seeking knowledge * matter of belief. * particular combination of empirical and rational procedures. * produces the ability of man to predict the future. * questions the credibility of revealed truth. * replace the irrational, old-fashioned methods of agriculture. * requires scientist to be an observer - theory, but also that theory be tested by observation and experiment ### methodology \| scientific method: Experimental method * Most experimental methods involve biological science * provide insight. * scientific method Statistical methodology * Most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed. * plays a key role in experimental research. Micro organism * Some micro organisms cause infection. * are called microbes for short. Microaerobic microorganism * Aerobic microorganisms are the most adept at decomposing organic matter - require oxygen from air penetration, indicating aerobic instability * Most aerobic microorganisms produce catalase. Microaerophilic organism * grow in oxygen levels lower than that of the air. * require less oxygen than is found in our atmosphere.<\|endoftext\|>Microalga * Alga microorganism. * Algas cause contamination - minor contamination * Algas contain green pigment - other photosynthetic pigment - toxins * Algas find in deep water - fresh water - freshwater lakes - ponds - tropical water - get sunshine * Algas grow in diverse habitats - many diverse habitats - marine water - places - rivers - water ponds * Algas grow on surfaces - undersides * Algas have appendages - chlorophyll - green chlorophyll - nutrients - types - whiplike appendages * Algas includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * Algas live in aquatic environments - salt water - shallow water - look like plants - make food - occur in water * Algas produce chemical compounds - spores * Algas produce toxic chemical compounds - provide nutrients * Algas undergo asexual reproduction - use oxygen * Some algas carry out photosynthesis. * Some algas have cell walls - chloroplasts - commercial applications - phases - roots - thin blades - whiplike tails ### microalga: Brown alga * Some brown algas have thin blades. * grow in marine water * live in shallow water	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalga: Diatom * Many diatoms are heterovalvate, i.e., the two valves of the frustule are dissimilar - move by oozing cemicals out of slits in their cell walls and then gliding in the slime * Most diatoms are diploid - planktonic, but some are bottom dwellers or grow on other algae or plants - unicellular , although some form chains or simple colonies - continue their life cycles via an obligatory sexual phase - exist singly, although some join to form colonies * Most diatoms have reproduction - sexual reproduction * Some diatoms are responsible for objectionable odors and tastes in drinking water - enter bloodstreams * Some diatoms find in oceans * Some diatoms grow in cool ocean water * Some diatoms grow on appendages * Some diatoms have cell wall layers - pairs of thin spines or setae projecting from the ends of the cells - salinity - live as free floating cells in the plankton of ponds, lakes and oceans * Some diatoms produce antibacterial compounds - substances - resist sinking by forming chains. * They are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Most diatoms are unicellular, although some form chains or simple colonies. These walls, called frustules, take many forms, some quite beautiful and ornate. They usually consist of two asymmetrical sides with a split between them, which gives the group its name. * have some practical uses. Diatom communities are a popular tool for monitoring environmental conditions, past and present. They are commonly used in studies of water quality. They are also of interest to nanotechnology * account for most of the marine primary production - twenty-three percent of the primary productivity of the world * also contain polysaccharides of the chrysolaminaran type - grow on most soil * appear to be the major component of their diet. * are 'phytoplankton' or the 'grass of the oceans'. * are a crucial component of the ocean food web - group of algae known to store excess photosyntate as lipid - special group of algae with cell walls made of silicate * are a type of phytoplankton that form the base of the marine food chain - protozoa * are a very common types of phytoplankton - successful group of organisms that live in virtually every body of water * are able to get rid of waste by the tiny holes that are found in the cell wall - locomote * are abundant in both greenish gray and olive-gray intervals - only in laminated sequences * are algae that comprise the main photosynthetic group responsible for primary productivity - with distinctive, transparent cell walls made of hydrated silica - almost all photosynthetic * are also abundant in soil and have even been gathered from air samples - filter-feeders * are also the organisms that turn the mud in our cores a green color - source of much of the world's petroleum deposits * are among the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in marine waters - numerous of all unicellular algae in the oceans * are an extremely diverse and numerous group of microscopic plants living in the ocean - important element in stratigraphic dating systems * are aquatic and occur in both fresh and marine environments - protists whose shells are made of the chemical compound silica - basically unicellular - beautiful single celled organisms - circular or oblong shaped - common to abundant and exhibit moderate to good preservation - diplontic - divided into two Orders - easily prepared for veiwing using a light microscope - eukaryotes - eukaryotic algae, one of the most common types of phytoplankton - examples of algae with secondary chloroplasts derived from an endosymbiotic red alga - extremely unique organisms * are important components of the diets of aquatic animals - producers in aquatic food chains - in two shells and make the water brown - key members of the plant plankton - magnificent lifeforms to study under the microscope - marine or freshwater unicellular or colonial algae * are microscopic algae living in both fresh and salt water - single celled plants that can be found in or near water - sized hard shelled creatures found in both marine and fresh waters - water plants * are microscopic, single-celled algae that live in marine or fresh water - unicellular algae, abundant in marine and fresh water - more energy-giving than detritus, and so are responsible for larval growth - often the group of choice among periphytic algae * are one of the most abundant plants on the planet - vast varieties of protists * are one-celled plants that live in the shells and are a primary source of food in the sea - protists, which by definition are neither plants nor animals - organisms that live in sediments - perfectly symmetrical - photosynthetic unicellular organisims with unique double shells made of silica - photosynthetic, but have rigid cell walls reinforced with silicon rather than cellulose - planktonic organisms that are composed of silica - present in great abundance in most aquatic ecosystems - primary producers that capture sunlight to fix carbon - protists that grow a silica shell around themselves * are relatively rare despite high abundances in the overlying surface water - young among the photosynthetic eucaryotes - sea creatures the size of a pin head * are single celled phytoplankton that can occur as individuals or as long chains - cells encased in silica shells - single-cell plants inside a silica skeleton * are single-celled algae that add silica to their cell walls for strength - organisms with nuclei and chloroplasts * are single-celled photosynthetic algae - organisms that float in plankton - small, single-celled algae that live in water - so numerous that their shells form thick deposits all over the world - still very much a part of nature's way, being found in any body of water * are the chief food for marine invertebrate larvae such as trochophores, bipinnaria, etc - dominant species of phytoplankton and are a major component in the food web - main primary producers in the oceans and are also very common in freshwaters * are the most abundant microalgae among phytoplankton - common type of phytoplankton - prevalent species of phytoplankton - original creatures living in glass houses - predominant phytoplankton - smallest plants in the ocean - tiny one-celled algae that live in marine or fresh water - typically much larger than coccolithophores and can be seen under low magnification - ubiquitous and occur in abundance in both fresh and marine environments * are unicellular algae and the frustules have a very regular ornamentation and shape - and golden-brown in color - organisms found in both marine and fresh water environments * are unicellular organisms that lack a flagellum - live mostly as part of the plankton - with silica shells - phytoplankton which have cell walls that are made of silica - unicellular, eucariotic, photoautotrophic microorganisms like algae - usually golden-brown in color and contain chlorophylls a and c, and xanthophyll * are very common and unicellular - good indicators of water quality * are very important in aquatic food chains - both freshwater and marine ecosystems - rare and poorly preserved, and siltstone clasts are a source of reworked diatoms * can be either radially or bilaterally symmetrical - occur in a more compact form as a soft, chalky, lightweight rock, called diatomite * comprise the majority of algal cells seen in the samples. * consist of two shells made of glass silicone dioxide. * contribute most of the silica. * dominate the phytoplankton - shallow coasts, but decrease in abundance seaward * extract silica from water to build their cell walls. * form a major part of the plankton in both fresh water and ocean water. * grow as single cells or form filaments and simple colonies - in cold water wherever there is light - on the skin of some species, including the blue whale * have a cell wall comnprised of two halves technically referred to as valves - golden-brown pigment - two-part cell wall made of silica * have an external skeleton made of silica that is divided in two pieces - outer cell wall made of silica - beautiful, glasslike cell walls - cell walls made of silica, and many form long chains of cells - differing abilities to move, depending on the species - glass-like walls and a wide variety of lovely, symmetrical shapes - hard shells made up in part by silica, or glass - odd little shells made of organic compounds impregnated with silica * have silica based skeletons, so availability of silica can affect primary productivity - shells in two halves that fit together like an old pill-box - tests - silicon in their cell walls - unique shells, which serve as their cell wall - corpi - plant parts - vacuoles * is algae * live anywhere there is water, including lakes, streams, estuaries, oceans, and puddles. * live in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats - fresh or ocean water and make their own food from sunlight, like plants * look like two shells that fit together. * make up the first links in the aquatic food chain. * move by secreting substances from their shell. * occur abundantly in fresh and salt waters, in soil, and as fossils - in both fresh and saltwater * often appear to be brown - yellow-brown, and can color the water noticeably - form extensive blooms in temperate and boreal seas - produce intricate shells made from silicon dioxide that persist long after they die * only construct new walls during cell division. * possess a unique, glassy cell wall containing silica - unique silica shells or frustules which are composed of biogenic silica * produce a unique carbohydrate called chrysolaminarin - domoic acid, which is the causative agent and exhibits glutamatelike activity - oil, both to store chemical energy from photosynthesis and to increase buoyancy * proliferate in the glacial Arctic Ocean around the edge of the Antarctic continent. * represent gradual oligotrofication of water. * reproduce asexually in an unique manner. * reproduce by cell division - dividing in half - mainly through binary fission - mostly by cell division, a type of asexual reproduction * reproduce through cell division at rapid rates, which can create a plankton bloom - cellular division and also sexually * seem to be primitively oogamous. * store their energy as oils or carbohydrates - food in a polysaccharide called laminarin, just like golden algae do * use oils to store sugar - sunlight to make food through the process of photosynthesis - the pigments chlorophyll a and c to collect energy from the sun through photosynthesis	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalga \| diatom: Centric diatom * are radially symmetrical, pennate diatoms are bilaterally symmetrical - round with radial symmetry and pinnate are elongated * have circular, triangular, or pillbox shapes. * undergo meiosis to form eggs and sperm. Marine diatom * Some marine diatoms can produce a toxin called domoic acid. * produce toxins. Pennate diatom * are elongate with bilateral symmetry. * show a long slit, the raphe , along the long axis.<\|endoftext\|>### microalga: Euglenid * All Euglenids use photosynthesis. * Many euglenids engulf prey by phagocytosis. * Most euglenids have two flagella that come out of flagellar pockets - live in freshwater * Some euglenids have chloroplasts that contain the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and b - possess flagella * also contain disc-shaped bodies where starch is stored. * are a kind of euglenozoan, a clade with a special flagella structure - either green colored or colorless - elongated cells that use one or two flagella for movement - eukaryotes - flagellates - photosynthetic flagellates - small unicellular organisms with two flagella and an eyespot - the first eukaryotes with an eyespot * have one or more often two flagella - the same reproductive scheme with their kinetoplastid * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is algae * reproduce asexually by dividing longitudinally. Fucus * blocks many lectins from attaching in to type O cells. - cytoplasm - vacuoles * is brown algae * vesiculosuspromotes thyroid function as an excellent source of iodine. Green alga * Some green alga are unicellular, while others, like volvox, is colonial. * contain green pigment - other photosynthetic pigment * find in lakes. * grow in water. * have places - types * is able to grow on the rocks below. * live in aquatic environments * look like plants. * produce spores. ### microalga \| kelp: Bull kelp * can grow several centimeters a day. * is reported to be damaged by high-suspended solids in the ocean from land sources. Sea kelp * Most sea kelp grows in pollute water * good organic fertilizer. * is harvested, dried, and burned to collect iodine - important, to help the thyroid - used for the reduction of obesity Multicellular alga * Some multicellular algas have labor. * undergo reproduction - sexual reproduction Red alga * Some red algas have commercial applications. * find in deep water * major problem, causing bark splitting and dieback of branches.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalga: Seaweed * All seaweeds are from Hawaii's waters. * Many seaweeds absorb most of the spectrum and look almost black - grow rapidly and can potentially outcom- pete and overgrow corals - have chemical defenses * Most seaweed contains chlorophyll * Most seaweed finds in australian coastal water - blue water * Most seaweed finds in clear blue water - ocean water * Most seaweed finds in shallow ocean water * Most seaweed grows in clear crystal water - has health benefits * Most seaweed has many health benefits - healthy properties - nutrition - several other health benefits - includes kelp - is medium-sized and they are available in multiple colors like red, brown, and green * Most seaweed looks like plants - underwater plants - produces food * Some seaweed contains arsenic - nitrogen - potassium - substances - does have gametes, which are male and female reproductive cells - finds in food * Some seaweed has flexible stalks - ranges - roots - is intertidal and receives a beating from the constant waves - kills clams - seaweeds also occupy spaces amongst the animals, and turf algae are particularly abundant here * Some seaweeds are as large and complex as many plants - perennial, living for many years, while are annuals - cunningly produce cells which can be either sexual or asexual * Some seaweeds have gas-filled swellings on their fronds - pneumatocysts as large as baseballs - make new plants using stolon-like runners similar to strawberries * absorb their nutrients through their leaf-like tissues. * also have many industrial uses - produce oxygen for organisms both on land and in the ocean - tend to be very high in iodine, which can cause problems at high intakes - vary in their life history strategies * are algae that liven in the sea or in brackish water - also oceanic producers - associated with water life and food - classified as brown algae, red algae, and green algae - common on some Pacific reefs - found throughout the world's oceans and seas and none is known to be poisonous - large ocean plants called algae - main photosynthesizers and use holdfasts to anchor - members of a large group called algae - mineral rich and help promote vaginal elasticity - plants, too, and use the same things to grow - rich in many trace elements as well - simple organisms that are hard to understand - slippery - sources of food, fiber, unique chemicals and essential habitat for many organisms * are the best-known algae - most conspicuous inhabitants, especially on flat or gently sloping bottoms - used in many maritime regions for industrial applications and as a fertiliser - usually green, brown, or red - vascular plants * belong to the brown, red, and green algae groups. * can also reproduce asexually through fragmentation or division. * can, however, also provide a refuge for or from predators. * collect so thickly in depressions that turtles actually can lie down in the stuff. * contain cellulose and are classified as plants - small amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium * continue in wide use as fertilizers. * cover a large part of the bottom and provide forage for juvenile turtles. * do have some very specific characteristics. * generally grow less and their shapes change in sheltered environments. * give energy and strength to the body, protect, disinfect and free body from toxins. * growing on rocks can be dangerously slippery. * has benefits * has many benefits - other benefits * has several other benefits * have a growing role as biological indicators of ecosystem stress - complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual stages - remarkably rich absorption spectra * includes cell membranes - sections * is edibles. * is located in beachs - marine organisms - part of oceans * knows as giant kelp * lack the true leaves, stems, and roots of plants. * occupy a wide range of ecological niches. * often compete by over- growing each other, blocking the light. * play a very important roles in many marine communities - an important role in many coastal environ- ments * produce several types of gelatinous chemicals called phycocolloids. * provide food for such grazers as snails, sea hares and urchins. * shares no diseases with land plants. * use their holdfasts or simply encmst on rocks. + Seaweed, Ecology: Algae * Another common requirement is a firm attachment point. As a result, seaweeds most commonly inhabit the littoral zone and within that zone more frequently on rocky shores than on sand or shingle. Seaweeds occupy a wide range of ecological niches. The highest elevation is only wetted by the tops of sea spray, the lowest is several meters deep. In some areas, littoral seaweeds can extend several miles out to sea. The limiting factor in such cases is sunlight availability. The deepest living seaweeds are the various kelps.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalga \| seaweed: Brown seaweed * Most brown seaweed contains iodine - knows as kelp * has a number of anti-carcinogenic properties, as do pau d'arco and cat's claw. Coastal seaweed * Some coastal seaweed survive in warmer northern waters. * are usually green in surface waters, red in shallow water, brown a little deeper. Float seaweed * finds in blue water. * finds in clear blue water Liquid seaweed * contains many micronutrients. * improves growth, increases yields and results in healthier, more productive plants. * is also a good fertilizer that is rich in potassium and phosphate. Red seaweed * Some red seaweed has ranges - seaweeds are marketed as nutritional supplements * have the largest number of species and the widest range of forms - most complicated life cycle<\|endoftext\|>### microalga \| seaweed: Seagrass * All seagrasses have horizontal stems and regular roots. * Most seagrasses are euryhaline, meaning they can take a wide variety of salinities - restricted to muddy and sandy areas in the subtidal zone * also help bind the sea floor and improve water quality - provide shelter for juvenile crabs, prawns and fish - serve as secondary sources for a variety of marine organisms * are a nursery ground for pink shrimp, lobster, snapper and other sealife - adapted to their marine habitat - central to a web of life - easily scarred and take years to recover - ecosystem engineers in the sense that they partly create their own habitat - found across the world, from the tropics to the arctic - important indicators of the health of the marine environment - important, but are limited to shoals and shallow lagoons - one of the most valuable and important habitats of the Indian River Lagoon - the most common vegetation in shallow waters - vulnerable to physical disturbances, such as wind-driven waves and storms * belong to a group of plants called monocotyledons that include grasses, lilies and palms. * can form dense underwater meadows, some of which are large enough to be seen from space. * continue to decline at an alarming rate throughout the planet's temperate regions. * dies off without the presence of sunlight. * do more than provide food and shelter for aquatic life. * fill many roles and provide many benefits in the marine environment. * form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay. * generally require high light levels to grow and survive. * grow below the low tide level in the sheltered shallow waters of estuaries - from a dense mat of rhizomes and roots - in beds throughout the bay wherever conditions are favorable * have extensive underground roots and rhizomes which anchor the plant in the muddy sands - land based ancestors, and only returned to the sea in recent evolutionary history - roots and grow on sand and mud - roots, stems and leaves, and produce flowers and seeds * is seaweed * offers a place of refuge for small creatures hiding from hungry predators - refuge for crabs by reducing a predator s search and capture efficiency * plays a critical role in the health of the ecosystem. * produce flowers, fruit and seeds - algae produce spores - seeds, although their flowers are often inconspicuous * provide a primary productive food source for estuarine systems - oxygen, nutrients, anchorage, food, habitat, cover, and places for attachment * provides a refuge from predation. * require ample amounts of sunlight - sunlight, water, nutrients, and a soft muddy substrate * stabilize coastal sediments and shorelines. * tend to develop extensive underwater meadows that resemble fields of wheat. Spirogyra * Most spirogyras produce oxygen - undergo mitosis * Some spirogyras live in environments - watery environments * are filamentous green algae, named for their spiraling chloroplasts. * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalga: Stonewort * Most stoneworts generally occur in fresh water. * Most stoneworts have characteristics - several characteristics * Some stoneworts have roots - look like root plants - possess ability * are large algae - of little importance to humans - stalks - sections - vacuoles * is green algae * secretes a hard lime coating and becomes brittle. ### microalga \| stonewort: Starry stonewort * Most starry stoneworts have characteristics - several characteristics * Some starry stoneworts have roots. * is an invasive green alga that has spread rapidly within some northern-tier lakes - native to parts of Europe and Asia	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Microalgae * Algae begin grow within a matter of days when a wave of nutrients fills the Bay - begins to grow as soon as the water temperature in the pond rises - being simple, there are no specialised organs and cells - blocks sunlight, making it difficult for other harbor plants to grow - cause unsafe water turbidity and stain the pool shell - coats almost everything, from live coral to rubble on the reef crest * Algae come in a variety of shapes and forms - three forms, unicellular, multicellular and colonial - compete with salmon for oxygen * Algae contain chlorophyll but lack true stems, roots, leaves, and vascular tissue - the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs and converts sunlight into energy - create oxygen atmosphere - depend on sunlight and pond water - differs from plants in their sex organs - eat nothing - encompasses a large group of organisms - exist in a wide variety of colors because they contain many kinds of pigments - feed the animals that make coral - form the foundation of most aquatic food webs, which support an abundance of animals - forms the broad base on which the food pyramids in ponds and lakes is built - get protection from ultraviolet light , which in some environments is quite significant * Algae grows because of an overload of available nutrients in the aquasystem - best in water with too much fish waste * Algae grows in areas where circulation is poor - dense, fibrous mats that can plug the distribution trays or piping - on rock boulders in intertidal zone * Algae grows on the roughened carapace, causing it to look like an old, encrusted rock - turtle - helps manatees camouflage, or hide, in their environment * Algae includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - is aquatic organisms * Algae is located in swimming pools - waterfalls * Algae lack true leaves, stems, and roots - roots, stems, leaves, and flowers - live in fresh and salt water, in soil, sand and even snow * Algae live in the cells of individual coral polyps and process their waste - outer tissue of the coral - inside corals - microorganism * Algae often forms surface mats - show alternation of generations - produce oxygen but also fill the pond with organic material as they die * Algae produce oxygen during sunlight hours and use oxygen during the night hours - the day through photosynthesis - oxygen, which is essential for bacteria to make the lagoon function properly - photosynthetic nutrients an receive inorganic nutrients - provide growth stimulation of legionella through substances produces by the algae - quickly overgrow the skeleton - releases oxygen into the water as it manufactures it food - serve as a source of food for fishes, aquatic and terrestrial animals and human beings - settles to the bottom - spreads quickly in warm, stagnant water - tend to be unicellular * Algae use ammonia readily when sunlight is available - carbon dioxide and water to make sugars and oxygen * Algae use the nutrients to grow - sun's energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars to use for energy * Algae vary from small, single-celled species to complex multicellular species, such as seaweeds - greatly in size and grow in many diverse habitats * All algae can reproduce asexually, but sexual reproduction can also occur in some species * All algae contain chlorophyll and live in the water - has mucilaginous sheath around it - have roots, stems, and leaves * Many algae are cryptic for one significant reason, to avoid being eaten - single celled, however some species are multicellular - toxic to animals and humans - incorporate both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction - produce special cells called spores that are capable of growing into new individuals * Most algae are able to make energy from sunlight, like plants do - use the sun's energy to make their own food - harmless and are an important part of the food web * Most algae have no such specialization of cells, all cells are alike - two recognisable phases - the sporophyte and the gametophyte - is carried into the lakes by wind blown soil - live off sunlight through photosynthesis, but some live off organic matter like bacteria * Some algae also inhabit shoreline zones - produce toxins harmful to fish, wildlife and humans * Some algae are a source of antibiotics - chemoheterotrophs - found as coloured patches on areas of permanent snow - parasites, living in or on another organism from which they get their food - protists , if they are single-celled - single cell plants - symbiotic, living on or within animals, fungi or other plants and some are parasitic - unicellular and are therefore found among the protists * Some algae are unicellular while others are multicellular - some others are multi-cellular * Some algae can calcify, secreting skeletons composed of calcium carbonate - grow on rocks, soil or vegetation as long as there is enough moisture - produce hydrocarbons - develop in the form of blooms - grow in colonies resembling plants * Some algae have chloroplasts resulting form a endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic eukaryote - specialized pigments that absorbs the other colors of light - produces toxins + Lichen, Their life habit, Mutual benefits: Fungi :: Botany :: Bacteria :: Algae :: Extremophiles * There is also general mechanical protection. Algae get protection from ultraviolet light, which in some environments is quite significant. Probably, algae get access to the minute amounts of minerals, which the fungus gets from the substrate or from dust settling on the thallus. Algal cells are sometimes destroyed in the course of nutrient exchange, though the algal cells divide and replace them. Above all, the partnership is a resounding success, and gets to places where few other plants can survive. + Protist: Cell biology * Most protists are very small. Some algae are protists, if they are single-celled. Many protists are part of the plankton and are very important for the ecosystem. The cells found in protists may be extremely complex, and are often little understood. It is now possible to do DNA sequencing, and a number of protists have been analysed. The results show that the Protista is not a monophyletic group. It is paraphyletic, and not a single clade.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalgae: Bluegreen algae * are the most primitive life form to have male-female sex. * high concentration of amino acids.<\|endoftext\|>### microalgae: Brown algae * All brown algae are all multicellular. * Many brown algae appear to exhibit seasonal succession - grow on rocks at the seashore * Most brown algae are found in coastal waters - grow very large - have an alternation of haploid and diploid generations - live in the cool waters off the temperate and sub polar areas * Some brown algae are gathered by humans for food - the largest, longest and most conspicuous seaweeds found on rocky ocean shores - used as fertilizer. * There are 2000 species of brown algae. Most species live in the ocean. They are important as food and as homes for many animals and marine life. Some brown algae are gathered by humans for food. The giant kelp 'Macrocystis' brown alga that forms underwater forests, and it may grow to 60 meters. The Sargasso Sea gets its name from the 'Sargassum' seaweed that floats on the surface. Many brown algae grow on rocks at the seashore * are almost exclusively saltwater dwellers - large in size and make up the bulk of aquatic plant life - marine, usually present in colder waters * are the largest and probably most complex protists - protists, and are nearly all marine - used in many cultures as human food, and are good sources of iodine * can live in deeper water than green algae, but prefer cooler temperatures. * feeds on nitrites and nitrates. * grows into abundant coverage, often in shallow waters. * have thin blades with a central midrib or stipe. * is algae - almost always the first type to grow - also a food source - brown or yellow-brown in color and found in temperate or arctic waters - eukaryotes - mainly marine and have complex structures - the largest type of algae - toxic to marine iguanas * multicellular algae that grows primarily in salt water. * prefer low light levels. * provide both food and shelter to many animals in the coastal marine ecosystem. * store their energy as laminarin, a carbohydrate.<\|endoftext\|>### microalgae: Coralline algae * are abundant on the reef, both in encrusting and branching forms - more important on Pacific reefs than Atlantic ones * does well in fairly low levels of light. * growing on the base rock is very important. * is one of the most important things to grow on tank raised live rocks. * is very desirable in reef aquariums - important in the formation of coral reefs * occur in pink and green, patchy, crustose, and branching photosynthesizing forms. * play an important role in the ecology of coral reefs. * rely on a number of factors to grow well. * require sufficient calcium and bicarbonates in order to grow. * seems to do the same thing.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalgae: Euglenoid * All euglenoids have a flagellum, whereas the kinetoplastids have a kinetoplast. * Many euglenoids undergo active metaboly, squirming about, during cytokinesis. * Most euglenoids are freshwater organisms. * Some euglenoids are pear-shaped and called 'phacus' - photosynthetic - have pellicles with few, longitudinally arranged pellicle strips - live entirely as heterotrophs * also have a contractile vacuole, like many other protists, for eliminating excess water - two flagella * are a group of multi-celled protists - small phylum of freshwater unicellular algae - autotropic and heterotropic - biflagellated unicells, about a third of which are pigmented and photosynthetic - eukaryotes, and reproduce by fission - green or brown and swim with their flagellum, too - like animals in that they are motile and responsive to outside stimuli - microscopic and single celled - mostly freshwater unicellular organisms - single cellular organisms with euglena like features - unicellular and share properties of both plants and animals * can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. * descend from an ancestor that took up green algae by secondary endosymbiosis. * have a stigma or eyespot that contains pigments - an extensive endomembrane system - characteristics of both autotrophs and heterotrophs - greenish cells and swim with a flagellum * lack cell walls. * multiply via mitosis, and have never been observed to reproduce sexually. * possess cytoplasts - plant like as well as animal like characters * reproduce asexually by dividing lengthwise into two. * store their energy as paramylon, a type of polysaccharide.<\|endoftext\|>### microalgae: Filamentous algae * are also micro algae - chains of cells attached end to end - long strands of algae cells that form floating mats * can also strangle desirable pond plants. * covers the rocks and bottom substrate in shallow exposed areas. * is common on the rocky bottom substrate where exposed to sunlight - composed of long, green threads often matted together, resembling green cotton - many cells attached together in many forms - the least desirable food of amurs * problem that plagues some ponds, yet never appears in others. Freshwater algae * can also cause problems when they are overly abundant. * contains a phenomenal percentage of protein.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalgae: Green algae * All green algae are microscopic but some forms organize themselves into visible colonies - have mitochondria with flat cristae * Many green algae have an alternation of haploid and diploid phases. * Most green algae are aquatic - occur in fresh water, although a few groups are marine - reproduce both sexually and asexually * Some green algae are multicellular - do have alternation of generations - is found in snow, soil, on tree trunks and in symbiosis with other organisms * are an important source of food for many aquatic animals - oxygen and food for aquatic organisms * are by far the most abundant algae - complex group and have led to the evolution of land plants - considered the most closely related to higher plants - diverse, and are presumed to be the ancestors of green plants - named for their grass-green chloroplasts - the most common algae in ponds and can be multicellular * are the most diverse and familiar algae in freshwater - widespread group of algae - plant like of the algae - protists most closely related to plants * are thought to be ancestors of the first plants - in the evolutionary line that gave rise to the first land plants * can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular - divide into more than two daughter cells - make their own food through a process of photosynthesis * contain bright, grass-green pigments, and are more abundant than all the other groups. * do better than red and brown algae in the strong light of shallow water. * feeds on nitrates and phosphates. * give pond water a slightly green colour. * grow in both warm and cold seas. * grows all over and turns the water into a cloudy, green swamp. * has a special adaptation - the same pigments as plants, uses starch, and has cell walls of cellulose * have a cellulose wall and other polysaccharides - cells with nuclei * is algae - fairly natural - marine organisms - mineral and protein poor - present when there lot of nitrogen in the water which comes from waste * occur in all seas and in most fresh-water habitats. * producer in the ocean's food web. * show great diversity of form and live in a variety of habitats. * store their energy as starch. * type of algae that is considered to be very closely related to plants. Harmful algae * Some harmful algae can exist in sediment in a dormant form called a cyst. * are microscopic, single-celled plants that live in the sea - microscopic,single-celled plants that live in the sea<\|endoftext\|>### microalgae: Marine algae * are also a good source of biogas for energy, can production rates be calculated - nonvascular plants - rich in iodine and other essential minerals * can provide shelter for such organisms as nudibranchs and hermit crabs. * contain a preponderance of all pigments known to exist. * produce a variety of secondary metabolites that functionas herbivore deterrents - food for intertidal grazers * provide shelter for nudibranches and hermit crabs. + Rock pool, Tide pool zones, from shallow to deep, High tide zone: Biomes :: Habitats * The high tide zone is flooded for hours during each high tide. Organisms must survive wave action, currents, and exposure to the sun. The high tide zone is inhabited by sea anemones, starfish, chitons, crabs, green algae, and mussels. Marine algae can provide shelter for such organisms as nudibranchs and hermit crabs. Microscopic algae * Some microscopic algae are also in Lichens. * are food for microscopic animal plankton * are the primary producers of dissolved oxygen in pond water - source of much of Earth 's oxygen + Phycology: Algae * Phycology is also the study of prokaryotic forms known as blue-green algae or cyanobacteria. Some microscopic algae are also in Lichens.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microalgae: Red algae * Many Red algae are Calcerous type algae - red algae are in fact red * Most red algae are marine, with a few freshwater and terrestrial forms - multicellular and undergo sexual reproduction unlike some of the other groups - small and delicate, with a feathery appearance * Some red algae are eaten by humans - economically important as providers of food and gels - important contributors to tropical reefs - have blue as well as green and red pigments * absorb red light and therefore live in shallow water. * are a traditional part of oriental cuisine - edible and a source of food - found in most shallow-water marine environments - haplo-diplonts with a complicated life cycle that often involves three phases - important as a source of commercial agar - less common along the coast of California but they are present - more important reef formers than are corals - most diverse in the warm ocean waters of the tropics - mostly multicellular marine seaweeds - particularly beautiful when pressed - rich in vitamins and minerals - some of the oldest eukaryotic organisms on the planet * colors the lake shore. * grow deeper in the ocean than other algae. * have many important commercial applications, such as the agar used for culture plates. - eukaryotes - marketed to treat candida, herpes simplex virus and other chronic ailments - still more abundant and comprises most species of seaweed in the world * owe their color to water soluble pigments called phycobilins. * store their energy as floridean starch. * stores their food as floridean starch. * use diverse strategies to reproduce, including fragmentation and spore production. Small algae * Many small algae grow on the surface of seagrass leaves. * eating crabs can do the same, inadvertently but with the same end result. Toxic algae * Most toxic algae reach people through contaminated seafood. * can bloom in many conditions and affect many levels of the marine food chain. Unicellular algae * Many unicellular algae are symbionts in animals. * Most unicellular algae are haploid but diatoms are diploid. Microaquatic microorganism * Aquatic microorganisms have ability. * Most aquatic microorganisms have ability. Microarchaebacteria * An archaebacteria microorganism * Archaebacterias includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * Many archaebacteria live in anaerobic conditions rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Microbacteria * Bacteria ARE smaller, however - Also Vote - CAN kill coral tissue - Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Learn how to make bacteria using yogurt - account for half of the history of life on Earth * Bacteria accumulate in the plaque build-at the base of the teeth along the gums - nutrients from the environment by diffusion - reserve materials, both water soluble and water insoluble * Bacteria acquire genes conferring resistance in any of three ways - for resistance in three ways * Bacteria act just like the dye in that it can go across the eggshell and into the egg - on the undigested lactose to produce the symptoms * Bacteria actually produce the polymer, much as humans make and store fat - provide evidence against evolution - affect everyone in their daily life because they are found nearly everywhere - again assist in the process by helping remove ammonia and other forms of nitrogen - already play an important role in biotechnology * Bacteria also appear to communicate - attack organisms by releasing chemicals that are poisonous to plants and animals * Bacteria also can acquire new metabolic capabilities - spread when food is transported, prepared and served * Bacteria also cause disease by specific binding to and invasion into target cells - soft rots * Bacteria also come in a variety of shapes and sizes - many different shapes - contain ribosomes which, like in eukaryotic cells, provide for protein synthesis - deconjugate bile salts - divide faster in warmer temperatures, meaning disease can spread more quickly - grow rapidly at warm temperatures - have attraction to nutrients and repulsions irrespective of metabolism - help control caterpillars and several other pests - occur naturally in water * Bacteria also play a role in releasing methane from rice paddies - an important role in mineral formation * Bacteria also produce growth-promoting compounds that stimulate plant growth from the roots - hydrogen and methane - spores as a defensive mechanism - substances called antibiotics that kill other microorganisms - toxins, degrade collagen and proteins - waste products of their metabolism - require nitrogen and phosphorus for cell growth - serve as food for other organisms either directly or indirectly - take their toll * Bacteria also tend to clump together in water and on surfaces - linger on the outer leaves, because they come in contact with more substances - alter the nitrogen into a form that plants are able to use - appear to produce enzymes that dissolve fish * Bacteria are a fact of life - huge and diverse group - key energy source in the food chain - lot simpler than human cells - major threat to public health - part of all living things and are found on all raw agricultural products - primitive microscopic unicellular prokaryotes with a great diversity - very diverse group of organisms - vital part of the environment, biotechnology and industry as well * Bacteria are able to develop resistance to antibiotics because they evolve so quickly - synthesize any protein - about the simplest cells that exist today - abundant and can be found all over * Bacteria are abundant in the Southern Ocean - upper waters and in bottom deposits - adaptable organisms - all the same size - almost the same size as colloidal particles * Bacteria are also among the most dangerous organisms on planet Earth - essential to the production of yogurt, cheese, and pickles - important for everyday functions of the body including digestion - involved in soy sauce fermentation * Bacteria are always present in sewage, however - the soil, air, water, and in the bodies of people and animals - amazingly resilient organisms - among nature's chief recyclers * Bacteria are among the best-known prokaryotic organisms - earliest forms of life that appeared on Earth billions of years ago * Bacteria are among the most diverse organisms with respect to the types of enzymes they contain - primitive life forms on earth - oldest, simplest, and smallest types of cells * Bacteria are among the simplest and most common organisms - single-cell organisms on earth - smallest living organisms - smallest, simplest, and oldest types of cells * Bacteria are an example of decomposers in a marine ecosystem - incredibly diverse collection of organisms who respire in a wide variety of ways - another contributing factor to acne - arguably the most successful form of life on Earth - as damaging to plant propagation operations as are fungi - asexual microorganisms that can rapidly reproduce - better evidence for evolution - blown about as free dust with every current of air - both useful and harmful to humans - called prokaryotic cells * Bacteria are capable of a tactic response to various stimuli - growth on fatty acids and lipids - sharing DNA, but new information simply substitutes for old information - classified by their shapes - cocci, in a tetrad arrangement * Bacteria are colored blue, eukaryotes red, and archaea green - by pigments * Bacteria are common causes of disease in baby psittacines and in other groups - in surface waters - complete living organisms, which reproduce themselves given only a supply of nutrients - complex compared to viruses * Bacteria are considered as the first formed organisms in the world - flora - to be the most ancient life form on Earth - critical to the cycling of nitrogen in mangrove environments - crucial for the cycling of elements necessary for all life - dependent on outside agents for dispersal - different from archaea in features of cell structure and chemical makeup - diverse in their living requirements and have been found in every ecological niche - easily adaptable to harsh conditions due to their ability to form protective spores * Bacteria are especially concentrated in the rhizosphere, the narrow region next to and in the root - fond of all types of carbohydrates - even smaller * Bacteria are everywhere and food contamination can occur at almost any time - in our environment and life * Bacteria are everywhere, and so cleanliness major factor in preventing foodborne illness - they are very numerous - even in the human body - including in our water - examples of the prokaryotic cell type * Bacteria are extremely abundant on mudflats - efficient at increasing resistance - simple from a cell biological point of view - small living organisms - small, single-celled organisms * Bacteria are found everywhere on Earth where life is able to exist * Bacteria are generally microorganisms that can be helpful or harmful in the body - more prevalent in alkaline soils and fungi dominate in acidic soils * Bacteria are germs that cause infections in people - multiply by splitting into two cells - grown on blood agar plates and the media is observed for signs of hemolysis - hardy creatures - heterotrophic and can act as symbionts, parasites, or decomposers - high in protein that in turn is high in nitrogen - identified and grouped by their shapes * Bacteria are important because they cause the decay that makes the soil so rich - decomposers in grassland environments - for decomposition and release of nutrients - in food preparation and preservation * Bacteria are in our gut, in soil, plants and carried in the air - spherical, rod-shaped, coiled, comma and thread - incredibly varied, and incredibly abundant - indifferent to how they get their genes - indispensable for food digestion - infectious agents - ingested along with infected soil, feces, or other infected materials - intercellular organisms, whereas viruses are intracellular organisms - involved in many mutualistic relationships, including with plants - key to the health and quality of sanitary wastewater treatment * Bacteria are larger infectious agents than viruses and live outside the cell - than viruses and can also cause infection - less numerous than in buttermilk * Bacteria are like little chemical factories, causing chemical reactions to happen - sponges that absorb organic waste which has been liquefied by enzymes - low forms of plants - made up of one cell, so they are a kind of 'unicellular organism' - many times larger than viruses - masters at adapting in unexpected ways to new environments - measured in microns - members of a large group of microorganisms with a very simple cell structure * Bacteria are microorganisms that exist everywhere - have been around for billions of years * Bacteria are microscopic one celled organisms - one-celled organisms - one-celled, prokaryotic organisms that belong to neither plant or animal - organisms which live on our bodies, in our homes and in fact, everywhere * Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that are abundant in soils - minute plants, which can cause rotting, wilting, and the forming of galls - more complex than strictly necessary simply to self-reproduce * Bacteria are more likely to become resistant to widely used antibiotics - cause an infection in the heart if the heart is already damaged - resistant to injurious influences than any other organisms known - most familiar through their roles in harmful infections - mostly heterotrophic and unicellular with no true nucleus - much easier to manipulate than plant cells * Bacteria are much larger than viruses, and like any adult, have more responsibilities - more abundant on soils than in water - smaller than plant or animal cells - too small to see, yet they cause many diseases of plants and animals - native in the water environment, as they are in other surfaces, including food - natural hosts for such activities - naturally present in some foods, especially raw foods of animal origin * Bacteria are nearly as ancient as archaea - nonexistent offshore * Bacteria are necessary because they purify the water - organisms in most ecological systems * Bacteria are normally present in the mouth - on the nipple and in a baby's mouth - very efficient at breaking down detrital organic matter * Bacteria are now able to consume the small food particles - and have always been the dominant form of life on earth * Bacteria are of great concern for people who worry about the safety of chicken and red meat - many nutrition types - two groups eubacteria and archae bacteria * Bacteria are often extreopiles known as thermophiles - present in raw foods - responsible for food spoilage but there are also many useful types - the ideal machines in industry - on all but sterilized surfaces and they multiply with extreme rapidity * Bacteria are one cause of foodborne illness - food source for sponges * Bacteria are one of the five kingdoms of life and are characterised by their lack of nucleus - two prokaryote kingdoms * Bacteria are one-celled germs that live in the infected host outside of the body cells - organisms visible only with a microscope * Bacteria are organisms made up of just one cell and are too tiny to be seen by the naked eye - that can survive by themselves - part of our environment * Bacteria are particularly fond of foods containing sugars and carbohydrates - important in nitrogen cycling - passed in the droppings of sick and carrier birds - plantlike, but most lack the chlorophyll to make their food * Bacteria are present in all lake water - lake-water - regions of lentic waters - every place of the planet - large numbers in river waters * Bacteria are present in the forest floor and soils in amazing amounts and by thousands of species - skin or in the mouth - on and within other members of the animal kingdom, including insects - to some degree in both algal and larval cultures - probably the most successful division of life on the planet - procaryotic cells that are classified by shape as cocci, rods, or spiral shaped - prokaryotes because they lack a clearly defined nucleus and sub-cellular organelles * Bacteria are prokaryotic , which means they have no nuclear membrane - because they have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles - organisms that reproduce asexually - quite tough and can live just about anywhere - relatively tolerant towards boron, as are freshwater green algae and blue-green algae * Bacteria are responsible for illnesses ranging from cholera to meningitis - more cases of food-borne illness than any other organisms - most of the decomposition and heat generation in compost - the remediation of organic compounds in the marine ecosystem - rich in protein and are eaten by zooplankton and benthos animals as well as by fish - self-replicating systems that do contain billions of atoms - separate living cells - simple unicellular organisms * Bacteria are simple, as living things go - single cell microorganism * Bacteria are single celled and rod, spherical or ovoid in shape - organisms in plants, animals and humans that can cause diseases * Bacteria are single-cell microorganisms that are so small they can only be seen with a microscope - organisms, the simplest and smallest forms of life * Bacteria are single-celled and can be shaped like a sphere, rod, or a spiral twist - microbes, and are one of the simplest forms of life on earth - microorganisms that multiply on their own - microscopic organisms * Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are much simpler - can be found throughout the environment - lack chlorophyll and reproduce by cell division - reproduce by splitting in two - survive well on skin, clothes, the mouth, nose and throat - organisms.Bacteria are prokaryotes - single-celled, living organisms that can grow quickly at favorable temperatures - small, one-celled animals too small to be seen by the naked eye * Bacteria are smaller and simpler than human cells - protozoa - than the head of a pin and can only be seen with a powerful microscope - smarter than people * Bacteria are so small that several million can fit on a pin head - they just appear as dots under such magnification - surprising because of their metabolic diversity - spiral, sphere, and rod shaped * Bacteria are spread by insects, air currents, splashing rain, and by mechanical means - man through cultivating, pruning, and transporting diseased plant material - rain, wind, birds and insects and can be carried in by humans and pets - stable up to one year when properly stored * Bacteria are still bacteria - quite small and require the aid of a microscope to see the individual organisms - structurally simple but metabolically diverse - subject to die off and predation by other organisms - surrounded by a strong cell wall made of a molecule called peptidoglycan - teeny tiny organisms without internal cell membranes * Bacteria are the Earth's most ancient and numerous creatures - basis for most food chains - best- known group of prokaryotes - best-known and most studied form of prokaryotic organisms - causative agents in strep throat, sinus infections, and most ear infections - cause, most commonly from a woman's own body - culprits in most cases of food borne illness - easiest group to treat and differ the least in amount of radiation required * Bacteria are the largest group of problematic foodborne pathogens by far - source of impairment in estuaries , and the second leading cause in rivers - main food of deposit feeding macrofauna, meiofauna, and microfauna * Bacteria are the major cause for poor hatches and survivability in mynahs - decomposers of organic matter and consumers of dissolved oxygen - source of all bad breath * Bacteria are the most abundant organisms in the world * Bacteria are the most common bioaugmentation organisms - microorganisms found in treated drinking water - pathogenic contaminants - pathogens isolated in acute travelers' diarrhea - important microorganisms to the food processor * Bacteria are the next largest particulates in water that can cause illness - size up - oldest group of organisms on Earth - oldest, structurally simplest, and most abundant forms of life on earth * Bacteria are the only agents that are impacted by mass medication - major organisms associated with a wood condition called wetwood - prime colonizers of dead plants and roots - right size to get into the doorways of our cells * Bacteria are the second most reported pathogens with Pseudomonas syringae heading the list - type of the major infectious agents * Bacteria are the simplest, most primitive forms of life on Earth - smallest, and most abundant organisms on the planet * Bacteria are the smallest all cell types, and have a very simple cellular structure - of microscopic organisms - possible organisms * Bacteria are tiny enzyme factories - living organisms that are found everywhere * Bacteria are tiny organisms that can only be seen by a very high-powered microscope - live in the body and the environment - tiny, bar-shaped life forms * Bacteria are tiny, one-celled animals that can only be seen through a microscope - living organisms that can only be seen with a microscope * Bacteria are too few to see in cleanly collected fresh urine from healthy animals - small to be seen without a microscope - true living cells and are larger than viruses - ubiquitous, and many possess a wide variety of complex biochemical pathways * Bacteria are unable to attach, absorb nutrition, or replicate into colonies - decompose old vegetation until it is flat on the ground * Bacteria are unicellular and most multiply by binary fission * Bacteria are unicellular organisms and they help break down matter - of microscopic size that contain no nucleus - used in the preparation of medicines - useful to humans in many ways * Bacteria are usually odourless and tasteless - secondary infectious agents that follow viral or mycobacterial infections * Bacteria are usually the cause of the infection - source of infective endocarditis - versatile helpers in the laboratory * Bacteria are very adaptable and readily change to develop resistance to antibiotics - different from viruses * Bacteria are very good at sharing genes, including genes for antibiotic resistance - sticking around * Bacteria are very important because of the the role they play in causing diseases in man - both to the world as a whole and to mankind in particular - for other organisms, because they break down organic matter - in the nitrogen cycle - promiscuous - resilient and have already developed resistance to many antibiotics - resistant to treatment - sensitive to environmental changes - small, one-celled plants that reproduce by simple fission - very, very tiny organisms that can be seen only under a microscope - well adapted to colonize even the harshest environments on earth - yet another type of microbial control agent - are, perhaps, the most successful life form on earth - assemble complex structures by targeting proteins to specific subcellular locations * Bacteria attach to cilia in trachea,produce a toxin that destroys the cilia - surfaces by proteinaceous appendages referred to as fimbriae * Bacteria become more deadly as they mutate to survive increasing potent drugs - resistant because of selection * Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics through just two basic routes - the effects of antibiotics through a variety of methods * Bacteria begin dying shortly after application to the seed - to colonise a clean tooth - behave differently as individuals than as part of a community - belong to the domain Bacteria - biodegrade rapidly in sunlight and saltwater * Bacteria build up in the water makes it harder for the flowers to take up water - on the teeth can cause bad breath, gum disease, and tooth loss - up, as do the waste products of bacteria - build-up in the colon leads to halitosis - called salmonella are one of the most common causes of foodborne illness * Bacteria can acquire resistance genes in several ways - actually breed in block carbon filters - adhere to the area around the urethra and multiply rapidly - affect people via television * Bacteria can also acquire resistance - adapt to new environments - adhere to the membranes and create a biofilm * Bacteria can also be chemotrophs - parasitic - cause infections secondary to viral bronchitis - come from damaged or poorly maintained septic systems - convert nitrogen in water so that the nitrogen can return to the atmosphere - develop resistance by random changes in their genetic makeup that is, by mutation - enter the bloodstream through the blood vessel located near the gums and teeth - exhibit chemotaxis, a response to chemicals - grow as filaments of cells - live on hands, kitchen towels, sponges, cutting boards, and knives - methylate heavy metals, most notoriously mercury to give dimethyl mercury - penetrate intact skin when sheep are shower or plunge dipped - receive little packages of foreign bacterial genes by way of a virus - remove sulfur from coal before it is burned and help clean up toxic dumps - scavenge DNA remnants from degraded, dead bacteria - sop up free-floating DNA, released when other cells die and break apart - transfer from the bloodstream from another infection * Bacteria can be Anywhere - a risk, though, in both organic and conventional produce - all different shapes - autotroph or heterotroph * Bacteria can be beneficial or harmful - to other organisms - biofilters to prevent airborne chemical pollutants from being vented into the air - dangerous for a ferret also - difficult to kill when protected inside the leaf - dormant for thousands of years - either autotrophic or heterotrophic * Bacteria can be harmful to humans through outbreaks such as meningitis, pink eye, or food poisoning * Bacteria can be on the outside of a shell egg - tea leaves - useful and harmful too - very much more difficult to kill off than molds and insects * Bacteria can become resistant to an antibiotic that had previously been effective - antibiotic that was previously effective * Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics as mutation occurs in the bacteria - by a. b. c. d. secreting antibiotics - in a variety of ways - when the drugs are used too often - antibiotics, making it difficult to treat the infection - trapped in the follicles and cause the follicles to swell - begin to form in a hurry when out in the out-door heat * Bacteria can break down most types of organic matter and significant decomposer - the cellulose found in the cell walls of plants - the conjugate base salt of citrate into organic acids and carbon dioxide - breakdown hydrogen sulfide and use it as energy * Bacteria can build up and cause infections - kidney and urinary problems can be a problem * Bacteria can cause an embryo to die at any stage of development - colds, flu, respiratory infections and eye infections - food poisoning, foul and sour odors, and cause food to spoil quickly - infection in any portion of the urinary tract - inflammation of the gums - leaf spotting as on English ivy - many types of diseases including spots, blights, and soft rots - spoilage under ordinary conditions - clog stems, causing premature wilting - collect on clothing, blankets, walls, medical equipment - concentrate different minerals inside their tiny bodies * Bacteria can contaminate improperly prepared or refrigerated food - meat by coming in contact with the meat surface - convert organic substances into other organic substances - create an acidic environment and increase chemical weathering - cure everything from fatal diseases to greasy potato chips - decompose just about any organic matter * Bacteria can develop in stored food and they multiply the longer food is kept - watering systems like a lawn sprinkling system - resistance against both antibiotics and phages * Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics in many ways - any antibiotic, given sufficient use - certain medications - easily move into the soft skin * Bacteria can enter a plant wherever wounds occur - well by several different pathways - an egg through a crack - dry skin cracks, leading to infection - eggs through cracks in the shell * Bacteria can enter the bloodstream during surgical procedures or dental work - through diseased gums - fish by openings made by parasites or when a fish is injured - food through the tiniest of holes or cracks - host body through the mouth, nostrils, cuts and bruises on the skin - system any time there break - evolve rapidly to adapt to environmental change - exchange genes quickly and reversibly - exist in many different types of environment, and can be either harmful or beneficial - flourish in concentrated urine * Bacteria can form a to survive when environmental conditions are severe - biofilms or slimes - colonies, but each bacterium is more or less the same - in the water left in the pipes between baths - function in one of three modes - fuse and exchange plasmids and sometimes chromosome fragments * Bacteria can get into our food in a variety of ways - the prostate via the blood system or from the urinary tract * Bacteria can grow at low temperatures, actually becoming heat-resistant - room temperature - faster in warm weather * Bacteria can grow in a bed of carbon - warm, airless area - extreme environments * Bacteria can grow in the outer layers of the food before the inside thaws - thawed layers while the inside is still frozen - porosity of the concrete feeding off the sugars that soak in * Bacteria can grow on damp cloth - the fibers used in the tampons * Bacteria can grow on the outside of meats while defrosting if left out on a counter - of the meat - tooth surfaces in thick layers called plaque * Bacteria can grow quickly at room temperature and cause food poisoning - in the stuffing , causing food borne illness * Bacteria can grow rapidly in moist, low-acid foods such as eggs, milk, meat, fish, and poultry - on poultry at room temperature - to extremely high numbers in favorable environments such as detritus * Bacteria can have more than one flagella - one or more flagella arranged in clumps or spread all over the cell - plasmids in addition to the DNA of the main chromosome - three distinctive shapes - hide anywhere, and they can collect on clothing, blankets, walls and medical equipment * Bacteria can hide in grooves on wooden boards and multiply - the crevices, resist cleaning, and multiply * Bacteria can hide in the grooves of wood and are difficult to get out - of wooden ones - wood fiber, making their complete removal impossible - wooden fibers - indeed take up DNA from their environment * Bacteria can infect the heart valves - tissue surrounding partially erupted molars and cause gum disease - lead to illness and that is why a ban on shellfish harvest is in effect - leak from animals' intestines into the meat used for human consumption - live almost anywhere, true * Bacteria can live in kitchen towels, sponges and clothes - or on almost every organism, both living and dead - some rather extreme environments - water, on casing pipe, in plumbing lines, or inside fixtures - on kitchen towels and sponges - lodge in the grooves of wooden cutting boards - measure change in conc - metabolize just about anything, including crude oil and even long-lived pesticides * Bacteria can multiply dangerously in the outer layers before inner areas are thawed - in the human body almost indefinitely - on food surfaces while the center is still frozen * Bacteria can multiply rapidly at room temperature - in stagnant and low-use water lines - rapidly, and that can lead to serious infection - very quickly - mutate within the human body - next invade the exposed pulp at the center of the tooth and destroy the nerve - obtain resistance through various mechanisms - only eat the watersoluble hydrocarbons - overwinter in the cankers and become active again in the spring - penetrate the damaged villi leading to bacteraemia in extreme cases - produce many copies of a specific gene by copying the plasmid that the gene is in - reach the pleural space by many routes * Bacteria can remain alive and dangerous for more than two hours in the air - on towels and cloths, so wash linen often with clean water and soap * Bacteria can reproduce both sexually and asexually - in macrophages * Bacteria can reproduce outside of our bodies, or within our bodies as they cause infections - the body or within the body as they cause infections - serve as vectors in plant populations - spread during the processing of ground beef * Bacteria can spread from one food to another - the sinuses to the eyes and brain nearby - into the bloodstream - start to grow inside a waiting, stuffed turkey * Bacteria can survive in the soil for at least two years - inside the stuffing that is cooked, cooled and reheated * Bacteria can survive on air, water, land, animals and plants - raw foods despite aggressive controls at the processing and retail levels - several years on infected corms and plant debris - very low temperatures - take as little as a few hours to reach their maximum numbers - then cause inflammation, resulting in blemishes * Bacteria can thrive in any greasy excess left behind by the wrong leather care products - the bruised areas * Bacteria can transfer genes from one cell to another with relative ease - to other bacteria - travel and infect the tissue surrounding prosthetic devices - use ammonia or urea as nitrogen sources to build amino acids - can' t grow inside the bacteriostatic carbon filters - can, and do - care for concrete - carry a single chromosome that is circular in structure * Bacteria carry out chemosynthesis by converting inorganic hydrogen sulfide to organic nutrients - the decomposition or fermentation - carrying recombinant plasmids therefore form white colonies - cause S trep throat and most severe cases of ear infection * Bacteria cause a soft rot and slimy decay, while fungi cause a dry and chalky rot - soft, slimy decay, while fungi cause a dry, chalky rot - disease by destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals that upset homeostasis - eye infections with pus * Bacteria cause most ear and sinus infections, strep throat, and urinary tract infections - plague in coral reef - the inflammation - change frequently, so that drugs are no longer effective - changes all foods into acid - clean up our environment by feeding on toxic wastes, petroleum, and sewage - coat the disk and digest organics in the wastewater * Bacteria colonize cilia of upper respiratory tract - hosts through the use of surface appendages termed fimbriae or pili - the sap causing the typical odor - virtually everything, including fish eggs * Bacteria come in a variety of shapes and are impossible to see without a microscope - different shapes, such as round, spiral and rod-shaped - many sizes - three basic shapes - two forms - anaerobic and aerobic - comprise about one third of the dry weight * Bacteria consist of cytoplasm and DNA surrounded by a cell membrane and cell wall - single cells and are much smaller than plant and animal cells - constantly sense and adapt to their environment by changing their gene expression * Bacteria constitute a diverse and large group of organisms and grow almost everywhere on the planet - large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms - the prokaryotic organisms of the living world * Bacteria contain a variety of deoxy- and dideoxy sugars made by similar processes - no organelles * Bacteria contaminate just about everything, including wood and bone from archeological sites - the uterus of all cows during parturition - control the production of pathogenicity factors via quorum sensing * Bacteria convert fish waste and excess food into ammonia - it to sulfuric acid - nitrogen to ammonium, and other bacteria convert ammonium to nitrate - some of the mercury that falls on wetlands, lakes and rivers to methylmercury * Bacteria convert the ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate, which the plants consume - waste nitrogen back to nitrogen gas, which returns to the atmosphere - cooperate much more than they compete - counts in sawdust bedding * Bacteria create a sulphide-rich environment analogous to hydrothermal vents - an acid that gradually destroys the enamel of a tooth, forming a cavity - toxins which inflame and irritate gum tissue - decompose dead matter * Bacteria decompose the dead algae and use up much or all of the oxygen in the water - fat anaerobically, emitting hydrogen sulfide - oils inside the whale's bones releasing energy - solids - definitely undergoes horizontal gene transfer - degrade high molecular weight PAHs from soil to obtain energy - demonstrate several types of taxis - depend on outside agents for dispersal - devastatingly affect the health of people * Bacteria develop resistance, and scientists are discovering just how fast that occurs - their resistances as a natural course of multiplication and growth - die quickly without a moist environment * Bacteria differ from all other organisms - archaea in several features of cell structure and chemical makeup - differentiate as they alight on a surface, expressing a distinct phenotype - digest the sludge to produce methane gas - display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies * Bacteria divide by binary fission , a process by which one bacterium splits into two - splitting in half - cells by binary fusion * Bacteria do a lot of different things in seawater - increase in size a bit but growth is an increase in the number of cells - their work in the mouth, lungs, sinuses, and stomach - vary greatly in size - very well at that temperature and grow to dangerous levels very quickly - what they do best mutate changing to adapt to new conditions in their environment - don t have physical characteristics easily identified - doubles as it reproduces - duplicate through binary fission, which form of asexual reproduction - easily take up plasmids of many kinds * Bacteria eat and bacteria digest foods - away at the organic material - dead plants and animals that wash into the sea and excrete methane - the dead algae consuming oxygen in the process - employ similar strategies to keep antibiotics at bay * Bacteria enter leaf stomates or wounds on leaves, twigs or fruit - only through wounds - plants through wounds or natural openings * Bacteria enter the body through a cut or sore - failure of natural defensive barriers - feet with moisture from the underside of the foot - plant through blossoms, fresh wounds or natural openings - skin after an abrasion occurs - urethra, or urine tube, that enters the bladder, and set up shop - urinary tract through the urethra and spread up to the kidneys - their host through wounds or small openings * Bacteria enter through abrasions into the skin on the lower part of the foot - open wounds from boring insects, mechanical damage, or poor pruning - skin abrasions or via eyes, nose or mouth * Bacteria enter through the nipple and cause an infection - urethra and spread upward to the bladder causing infection - wounds, stomata or other natural openings - via cuts and abrasions * Bacteria entering the blood stream can build up on heart valves and in the kidneys and liver - middle ear from the nose or throat are the major culprit * Bacteria escape from the bubo and spread to other organs - into the abdomen where peritonitis, or an abscess, can develop - eventually lyse, resulting in death of the cell - evolve in response to what's happening in their environment * Bacteria excrete their waste from the cytoplasm - via a semi-permeable membrane - exhibit rudimentary personalities - exist as single prokaryotic cells * Bacteria exist everywhere and can be quickly moved from one source to another - in nature - everywhere, inside and on our bodies - in environments, and respond * Bacteria exist on Earth which produce their own magnetic materials - the skin and in the fish intestine - face a variety of environmental conditions and stressful situations - fall into four functional groups - favor poor soil aeration and induced compaction out-competing the fungi by hypoxia * Bacteria feed on dying material and convert it back into basic substances - leftover food particles in the mouth and produce acid, which causes decay * Bacteria feed on the lactose in milk and produce lactic acid as a waste product - the milk and produce lactic acid - sugars in the large intestine and produce gas - feeding on the dead plant material use up the oxygen in the water - ferment it, producing bloating * Bacteria first enter the nose or throat and then travel up the tubes of the ear - have a cell wall - float in the mists of coughs and sneezes - flourish in the large intestine * Bacteria form a biomatrix that affects ecology and geology in profound ways - domain of prokaryotic cells that contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls - natural biopolymer that aid in settling - the greatest part of the epiphytic microflora - frequently enter the skin through a wound, causing inflammation of the wound * Bacteria generally cause blights during wet weather in early spring when buds are breaking - serious pneumonia, either as primary or as secondary invaders - genome fingerprinting by flow cytometry * Bacteria get below the surface of the skin, usually by some sort of break in the skin - in the blood stream and affect the liver and kidneys - their energy in a variety of ways - give off enzymes that break down proteins and starches - glue the clays, silts and sands together into microaggregates * Bacteria grow and multiply extremely slowly, inhibition takes week Antibiotic resistance - reproduce more quickly when they are warm, than when they are cold - best at room temperature * Bacteria grow best in a moist environment - an environment that is neutral or slightly acidic - fast in ground beef - faster if they feed each other * Bacteria grow faster in partially cooked foods - the warm summer months - warmer weather, so food can spoil more quickly and possibly cause illness - under gloved than ungloved hands * Bacteria grow in a wide variety of habitats and conditions - abundance, spread, and mutate as well - capillaries - colonies, surrounding themselves with a polysaccaride slime * Bacteria grow in the clogged pores - mixture of oil and cells in the follicle - oxidation tanks to consume organic material in the wastewater - soil and become airborne when disturbed, possibly by construction - vagina of a normal, healthy woman - inside the blocked pore and breakdown the oil causing inflammation - more quickly on foods held at the wrong temperature * Bacteria grow on and in soil, plants, animals and humans - some types of food more easily than others - surfaces with lots of organic matter * Bacteria grow on the filter material - packing material, and then they eat and remove most of the odorous chemicals - toothbrush - only in liquids or moist sub- stances * Bacteria grow quickly at room temperature - slowly at low temperatures and multiply rapidly at mid-range temperatures - tremendously fast when supplied with an abundance of nutrients * Bacteria grow very rapidly, and the mutations that arise can be maintained - slowly at cold temperatures and are destroyed by heat * Bacteria grow, causing an infection - the oil to become irritating and increasing the pressure inside the pimple - growing in food cause gastrointestinal illness and in some cases even death * Bacteria growing in food produce a toxin that is extremely resistant to heat - toxin tht is extremely resistant to heat - have a bad reputation in people's minds * Bacteria have a cell membrane and a cell wall - cytoplasmic membrane much like that of eukaryotes - linear death rate, rather than logarithmic death rate - nucleiod region with no membrane around the nuclear material - number of stages to the life cycle , as detailed below - prokaryote cell type - similar population control effect on insect populations - unique compound in their cell walls called peptidoglycan - wide range of envronmental and nutritive requirements - an important function in the Bay - another advantage when it comes to longevity - different origins - distinct amino acids in some of the proteins they produce - enzymes to fix the damage created by UV light - essential roles in the nitrogen cycle - flagella with a different microtubule structure than the flagella of eukaryotes - genetic exchanges but now and then * Bacteria have no cholesterol - one circular chromosome - only one cell each - perhaps the greatest influence in the soil environment of all organisms - prokaryotic cells with no nucleus - ranges of temperatures in which they can grow, and also specific environments - receptors to many environmental stimuli * Bacteria have several hundred to several thousand genes - ways of exchanging genetic information with one another - short generation times , easily-sequenced genomes, and well understood biology * Bacteria have the ability to colonize an unfriendly planet like the Hadean Earth - shuffle genes through several processes - their own population explosion going - to duplicate their DNA before dividing - two self-serving functions in working on organic remains - usually one circular chromosome - varied metabolic capabilities - help break down the solids into sludge * Bacteria help to decompose the excretions of the raccoon - turn rotting plant and animal matter into soil nutrients essential for plants - turn milk into yogurt and cheese - here break down tough grasses and plants * Bacteria however can grow back through the tubing in a few hours - produce a great deal of sulphide which in turn produces the rotten egg smell - infect plant via wounds - infest the rotting vegetation, crustaceans, fly maggots and later duck carcasses - inhibit biosynthesis of bone matrix proteins in human osteoblasts - initiate decomposition of plants - instead use sulfur compounds as an energy source, via chemosynthesis * Bacteria invade a lesion on the foot - intestinal mucose and multiply - lymph nodes, which swell, creating the buboes * Bacteria invade the surrounding structures - victim's lungs, which fill with frothy bloody liquid - involved include the anaerobic spp * Bacteria just appear as dark dots - appears as light or dark dots - killed by normal cooking, but heat-resistant spore can survive - known as salmonella typhi causes high fever * Bacteria lack a nucleus, so division and exchange of genetic material is simpler - the cytoplasmic organelles commonly found in the eukaryotes - latch onto a surface by attaching to tacky proteins - lead a simple life - leave few fossils * Bacteria like to attach in the little grooves and crevices - grow in dark sugary places * Bacteria live and feed in the plaque and produce gum and bone infection, pain, and bad breath - grow in damp conditions - for food, especially if the food is within a certain temperature range * Bacteria live in a mixture of liquids and solids, called a suspension - modified digestive tract of worm - our intestines and fungi feed on the dead skin cells in our hair - inside the bodies of nearly every organism on earth - inside, cleaning the water while requiring only yearly cleaning - intercellularly and are phagocytized periodically by amoebocytes - nearly everywhere, and include organisms that cause diseases * Bacteria live on everyone's skin and normally cause no problems - our skin, on surfaces, etc - throughout the marine environment - within the nodules and absorb nutrients from the host plant * Bacteria living in hot springs are unable to grow at the temperature of the human body - the mouth eat sugar, make acid, and decay teeth - on lupine roots enrich the sequoias soil with nitrogen from the air * Bacteria love a warm, moist place to grow - dirty utensils, sponges, dishcloths, plates, cutting boards and unwashed hands - lower the pH by metabolizing the sugar to acids * Bacteria make possible the digestion of foods in many kinds of animals - themselves silicon jackets - toxins that can damage the cells they've invaded * Bacteria make up a major part of the world's biomass - most of the flora in the colonUniversity of Glasgow - one large, prokaryotic domain * Bacteria make up the base of the food web in many environments - entire kingdom - group which biologists call monera - largest group of microorganisms - useful models for studying electron transport - mediate geochemical cycles that support the activity of the entire marine food chain - metabolize the lactose, producing gas and acid products - move by using their flagella to propel themselves around * Bacteria multiply by simple fission or division - exponentially in practically no time - most rapidly at room temperature * Bacteria multiply quickly at room temperature - in raw meat juices * Bacteria multiply rapidly at room temperature to produce a toxin that causes illness * Bacteria mutate and multiply quickly and can become resistant to antibiotics - never enter plants directly * Bacteria normally break down glucose to generate energy for cells - live in the vagina - obtain carbon from the plants and in return provide fixed nitrogen, specifically, ammonia * Bacteria occupy every imaginable niche - the ecological niche provided by both the tooth surface and gingival epithelium - occur in several shapes * Bacteria often feed on dead protists - find their way into our blood in the midst of our normal day - grow in poultry products, foods made with eggs, or cream products - like to live on surfaces - produce toxins that poison the cells they have invaded - release toxic free radicals as a defence against attack by leukocytes - shed little bits of their outer covering - surround themselves with mucilaginous coats - outweigh all other organisms lumped together - partially decompose and liquefy the solids - participate in a. nitrogen fixation * Bacteria pass through a small orifice and their passage is monitored by a voltage change - their intestines and cycle through the environment - with fecal waste which frequently contaminates the litter - penetrate the mucosal barrier and invade the bloodstream - pervade every gallon of every sea, and they have a monumental effect on ocean chemistry - pick up resistance genes from other bacteria, and they do it easily and often * Bacteria play a critical role in disease, agriculture, and ecological processes - crucial role in just about everything - major, multi-step role in the cycle - number of other roles in the mangal - significant role in ecosystems - very important role in the digestive processes of many animals - vital role in converting waste to energy - additional important roles in most biogeochemical cycles * Bacteria play an important function in the Bay - part in the nitrogen cycle * Bacteria play an important role in helping to break down nutrients into a form that plants can use - increasing rice and fish production - the marine biogeochemical cycles - important roles in the global ecosystem - major roles in both the oxidative and reductive sides of the sulfur cycle - many roles in the environment - there the same role as plants on terra firma - the role of primary producers - pool their exploratory discoveries via long-distance chemical communication - possess a wide array of defense mechanisms in an effort to avoid destruction * Bacteria possess porins that allow access of bet-lactams to the target enzymes - of penicillins to the target enzymes - various morphologies including coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, and other shapes - potentially face a wide variety of environmental conditions * Bacteria produce a toxin that causes illness - disese by enymatic destruction of plant cells and by secretion of toxic substances - endotoxins that cause disease - enzymes which digest the surrounding medium Bacteria reproduce by cell division - haploid gametes that undergo fertilization - highly colored by-products such as tetrachloroazobenzene - nearly half of the oxygen found in the atmosphere - siderophores to chelate insoluble iron and transport it to the cell * Bacteria produce the methane as waste when they consume organic matter - sticky, soft, colorless substance known as plaque - two diffrent ways, sexually and asexually - produced by fission are identical to the parent cell - promote inflammation, which causes the redness associated with pimples * Bacteria propel themselves through water using tiny rotating helical screws, like a ship - using flagella , filaments propelled by a true rotary motor - protect their own DNA by a process called methylation - provide humans with a number of services - rapidly colonize and modulate the healing of gastric ulcers in rats * Bacteria remain bacteria and viruses remain viruses - inside the foot - the largest phylum * Bacteria replicate by binary fision - themselves by dividing in two - represent the oldest known group of organisms - reproduce a lot differently than viruses * Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called binary fission - fission in which the cell divides into two parts - at amazing speed - by a process called binary fission, one cell divides and becomes two * Bacteria reproduce by asexual means - binary fission A - dividing to produce two new cells - fission to make clones of genetically identical cells - the process of binary fission - faster in a more acid environment - normally for many generations as vegetative cells - primarily by asexual reproduction - quickly, and adapt rapidly to the environment in which they find themselves - rapidly if conditions are right for growth - through cell division - using a process called binary fission * Bacteria reproduce very quickly - rapidly if resources are readily available * Bacteria require a higher aw than yeasts, which in turn require a higher aw than molds - moist soil conditions for proper growth - phosphorus for their necessary life functions - reside in pockets caused by bone loss where the teeth are attached - resist NO, the best characterised mechanism being via the activities of flavohaemoglobins - retain nutrients first in their biomass, and second, in their metabolic by-products - rides on humans' hands and tends to follow everyone outdoors - seem to keep fungi at bay, notably various species of Candida - share their information, their cellular memory, with the entire community of bacteria - simply have no place to attach, and if they do, the body can kill the bacteria promptly - spreads to the brain and spinal cord from an infection in another part of the body * Bacteria start appearing as soon as the baby starts feeding - the process of decaying organic matter - to decay the insect , and release nutrients from the corpse - stick to the teeth and form a sticky, colorless film called plaque - subvert their membranes And plunder the inner sanctum - suffer from viral infections, and have developed successful defense mechanisms - surround the vent and create an energy source for all the other creatures in the ecosystem * Bacteria survive by converting dung into methane plus energy - developing a natural resistance to their enemies - for days or even weeks in moist conditions, but only for a few hours in salt water * Bacteria survive in dead taproots and stems - the knots and are readily washed off at all times of the year - much better on the moist type of transport swabs - well on skin and clothes and in human hair * Bacteria swim by rotating their flagellar filaments - using rotary motors to turn helical filaments extending from their surfaces * Bacteria take a lot of minerals out, too - in tiny particles of mercury, combining it with methane to produce methyl mercury - time to digest most gyro carbons * Bacteria tend to cause a yellow, more liquid and often unpleasant smelling discharge - grow themselves - stick to and colonize foreign bodies or dead tissue in the human body - use simpler organic compounds, such as root exudates or fresh plant residue * Bacteria then destroy most of the remaining organic material in the effluent - forms in the pores, causing red, inflamed bumps, filled with a small amount of pus - infect endothelial cells of blood stream, most evident in capillaries - produce acid, which rots the teeth and causes gum inflammation - remove the carbon, converting the acids into ammonia - thrive in the thick, sticky mucus - therefore can accumulate in contaminated food stored in the refrigerator * Bacteria thrive and multiply easily in the areas around each bracket * Bacteria thrive in dark, warm, wet places, and a fluid-filled ear is an ideal breeding ground - higher temperatures * Bacteria thrive in the cow's rumen - hot, humid climate * Bacteria thrive in warm, moist conditions - moist, high-protein foods - on many different types of food - travel from the vagina through the cervix and then into the reproductive organs - turn to endospore when they undergo stress , such as increase in heat or lack of nutrient * Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes - reproduce by an asexual process called binary fission * Bacteria use a two-component signaling system to communicate with each other and the outside world - acid to dissolve tooth structure as the integral part of the de cay infection * Bacteria use all available oxygen - the oxygen in the bottom layer of water to rot the bodies - hemolysin to put holes in our membranes - hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis - nitrogen from the air to make compounds * Bacteria use oxygen as part of the decomposition process - to convert organic waste to carbon dioxide, water, and more bacteria - several systems to obtain nutrients from other organisms in the environments - sulfate or sulfide forms - the cell membrane * Bacteria usually cause epididymitis - form large communities within their niche and replicate very rapidly - gain access to the bladder by way of the urethra - grow faster in consortia than they do alone - proliferate, or reproduce, at exponential rates * Bacteria usually reproduce by fission - simply dividing in two - transfer genes which are antibiotic resistant from one another through plasmids * Bacteria vary greatly in their nutritional requirements - in size as much as in shape - widely in size and shape , but in general are at least ten times larger than viruses + Carnivorous plant, Evolution: Flowering plants * Hairy leaves do catch and hold drops of rainwater, which helps bacterial growth. Insects land on the leaf, are caught by the surface tension of the water, and suffocate. Bacteria start to decay the insect, and release nutrients from the corpse. The plant then absorbs the nutrients through its leaves. This 'leaf feeding' can be found in many non-carnivorous plants. Rainwater can be retained by cupping the leaf, leading to pitfall traps. Alternatively, insects can be caught by making the leaf stickier, leading to flypaper traps. + Endospore: Biochemistry * Endospores are structures made by bacteria for survival purposes. Bacteria turn to endospore when they undergo stress, such as increase in heat or lack of nutrient. This process is known as sporulation. Endospores are small rounded, resting cells that form inside bacteria when conditions become unbearable. * Almost all bacteria are so tiny they can only be seen through a microscope. Bacteria are made up of one cell, so they are a kind of 'unicellular organism'. They are among the simplest single-celled organisms on Earth, and were one of the earliest forms of life. They include a number of extremophiles who live in extreme habitats. + Gut flora: Microbiology :: Physiology * Bacteria make up most of the flora in the colonUniversity of Glasgow. Available through web archive. Fungi and protozoa also make up a part of the gut flora, but little is known about their activities. + Malaria: Diseases spread by insects :: Parasites :: Apicomplexa * The parasite that causes malaria is a protozoan called 'Plasmodium'. Protozoa are organisms with only one cell, but they are not bacteria. Bacteria are smaller and simpler than protozoa. + Unicellular organism, Observations: Microbiology * You can observe the larger unicellular organisms by using a compound microscope. Bacteria just appear as dark dots. To gather unicellular organisms for observation, one can place a cover slip on the surface of pond water, and leave it overnight. By the next morning, numerous unicellular organisms will have grown entire colonies on the bottom of the slip.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Actinomycete * are a broad group of bacteria that form thread-like filaments in the soil - special type of bacteria - a. b. c. d. archaea that are spiral-shaped - also aerobic bacteria - another group of bacteria - bacteria producing filaments like fungi - especially important in the formation of humus - filamentous like molds, but mycelial threads are smaller and profusely branched - fungus-like bacteria that form filamentous branches * are microorganisms that are a sort of transitional group between bacteria and fungi - fit between bacteria and fungi - the primary decomposers of tough plant tissues like bark, paper and stems - very important for composting processes * go to work next. * have cells like bacteria, but grow as long filaments like fungi. * is another fungus that is stringy and white. * look like threads going in several directions at once. * produce powdery colonies with hyphae embedded in the agar. * usually colonize the compost after the thermophilic bacteria have been active.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Aerobic bacteria * Most aerobic bacteria break down matter - use oxygen * are able to use oxygen in cellular respiration - bacteria that can live and grow in the presence of oxygen - more active and efficient than anaerobic bacteria - the good guys * break down organic material much faster than anaerobic bacteria. * have the enzyme superoxide dismutase. * prefer acid environments. * produce carbon dioxide and nitrogen as byproducts. * require free oxygen in order to survive. * require oxygen for growth - metabolism and efficiently destroy the coolant * use nitrogen to multiply and break down the organic material - oxygen in their respiration process<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Anaerobic bacteria * Many anaerobic bacteria are very useful and needed in soils. * Most anaerobic bacteria cause infection. * Most anaerobic bacteria produce substances - toxic substances * Some anaerobic bacteria convert matter - organic matter * Some anaerobic bacteria live in digestive tracts - human digestive tracts * Some anaerobic bacteria produce compounds - methane - poisonous compounds * are capable of survival in the absence of free oxygen - happy inside - most active over the weekend when no processes are running - often cultured from ulcers with ischemic necrosis or deep tissue involvement - small organisms that can live without oxygen - some of the oldest forms of life on earth * break down organics and produce methane gas. * can be any one of the bad guys, like e-colli, botulism, etc. * can cause brain and spinal cord abscesses - infection practically anywhere in the body - then proliferate in the body - use nitrate, sulfate, or other solutes in place of oxygen for metabolism * dominate wet compost piles and create bad odors. * form and begin to decompose waste products. * grow in environments lacking oxygen - places which completely, or almost completely, lack oxygen * lack either superoxide dismutase or catalase or both. * live in the absence of oxygen. * produce methane and carbon dioxide, both greenhouse gases - various gases that give off odors * release alcohol and carbon dioxide. * thrive in environments with limited amounts of oxygen or no oxygen present. * turn marijuana into brown slime. * use uranium species in solution as a part of their metabolic process. Bacterial blight * appears as translucent water-soaked spots, which with age turn red around the rims. * can live on debris and infected seeds for up to two years. * causes small, irregularly shaped spots on the leaves and leaf stems. * is caused by Pseudomonas syringae glycinea - most serious on white flowered varieties	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Bacterial conjunctivitis * affects both eyes and causes a heavy discharge. * is less likely in adults, more common in children - seen to a larger extent in children * is the most common eye infection - type of eye infection - twice as common as viral conjunctivitis * lasts about a week. * tends to produce a purulent discharge. Bacterial endocarditis * disease of the heart valves or the inner lining of the heart. * is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart * rare but life threatening disease. * refers specifically to infection by a bacterial agent.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Beneficial bacteria * Most beneficial bacteria play roles - produce enzymes * Some beneficial bacteria inhabit intestinal tracts * are integral in balancing and counteracting unfriendly bacteria. * convert the waste to nitrate which the plants use in the growth process. * digest Ammonia and create another toxic chemical known as Nitrite. * have multiple functions in our bodies. * is also present in the gravel. * play useful roles in the aspects of nutrition and prevention of disease. * produce valuable vitamins and other nutrients. Chemosynthetic bacteria * are found in benthic marine ecosystems - the primary producers and form the base of vent food webs * make their own food energy by consuming chemicals in hydrothermal vents. * obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen sulfide. * use hydrogen sulfide as an energy source instead of sunlight. Clostridia * Some Clostridia are opportunistic pathogens. * also infect wounds. * are a group of bacteria that includes the organisms that cause tetanus and enterotoxemia - organisms that thrive under moist conditions and degrade sugars and proteins - spore-forming obligate anaerobes * can cause acute, often fatal scour in young piglets. Common bacteria * Most common bacteria cause infection - nasal infection * Some common bacteria cause life - ulcer - grow on naphthalene, breaking it down to carbon monoxide * are now so resistant to antibiotics that they can kill. Deadly bacteria * pop up in fruit flies. * reproduce in less than one hour, doubling all the time. Denitrifying bacteria * Most denitrifying bacteria are heterotrophs, using organic carbon compounds as a source of energy. * perform almost the reverse of the nitorgen fixing bacteria. Different bacteria * Many different bacteria can cause iatrogenic infection - infect the wounds * can act efficiently together - grow in almost any water, especially at warm temperatures * generate reducing power in different ways. * have different tolerances to salt - towards low water activities * live in different portions of both the large and small intestine. * produce different bacteriocins - textures and flavours of curd - waste products E.coli bacteria * E.Coli bacteria cause the second. * can survive both refrigeration and freezer storage. Eubacteria * are all other bacteria - enclosed by a cell wall - the most common organism on the planet and are found everywhere - unicellular, microscopic and can live nearly anywhere * get their nutrition from sunlight and inorganic and organic matter. * have prokaryotic cells and cell walls made of peptidogycan. Friendly bacteria * Most friendly bacteria have positive effects. * Some friendly bacteria find in ferment food * do much more than just fight potentially harmful organisms. * have many important functions in our bodies - the ability to neutralize nitrates * live on the intestinal walls among the finger-like membranes called villi. * resides in large quantities in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. * synthesize valuable nutrients by digesting portions of the fecal mass.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Good bacteria * Most good bacteria produce substances. * Some good bacteria are in the soil and helps plants get vitamins to grow. * are vital for the intestinal tract, fighting off germs. * breaks down waste and toxins such as ammonia into relatively harmless nitrates. * is needed to complete the cycle of changing ammonia into a useful and harmless state. * make possible many of our food and beverages such as yogurt, cheese and beer. * work in our intestine to keep the intestine wall clean and break food down further. Gut bacteria * Most gut bacteria are harmless types, and they can even provide essential nutrients to the host. * Most gut bacteria cause infection - wind infection * Most gut bacteria play essential roles * Some gut bacteria have fibre.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Harmful bacteria * Most harmful bacteria cause infection - intestinal infection - grow in water * Some harmful bacteria are also immune to some antibiotics. * Some harmful bacteria grow on membranes - outer membranes * are practically non-existent in fresh, uncut meat - present in foods which are served raw * can grow even in the refrigerator - in such an environment - multiply in the stuffing and cause foodborne illness - spread quickly in the kitchen and cause foodborne illness * grow in food. * is killed with proper cooking and handling - more likely to grow in the stuffing if it sits in the bird after cooking * multiply quickly in kitchen towels, sponges and cloths. * produce by-products like ammonia, purines and ethionine, which can cause cancer. * proliferate in an unhealthy body. Healthy bacteria * Some healthy bacteria have fibre. * Some healthy bacteria live within canals - vaginal canals * prevent yeast and gram negative bacteria infections. Helpful bacteria * Some helpful bacteria live in digestive tracts. * produce foods such as cheese and pickles. Heterotrophic bacteria * Most heterotrophic bacteria feed on materials. * Some heterotrophic bacteria inhabit intestinal tracks * can interfere with total coliform analysis. * derive energy from the breakdown of organic molecules. * require carbon compounds as a food source. Intestinal bacteria * manufacture vitamin K in the body. * produces biotin. Iron bacteria * are nuisance organisms often associated with soluble iron in water - one type of chemoautotrophic bacteria * create energy for growth by transforming dissolved iron into rust. * feed on the iron in the water. * forms a very obvious slime on the inside of pipes and fixtures. Lactic bacteria * Some lactic bacteria break down lactose. * is added to give flavor. * produce acetic acid by fermenting the sugar.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Lactobacillus * beneficial bacteria which helps control overgrowth of disease causing bacteria. * describes a certain type and group of bacteria. * friendly bacteria that lives in intestines. * genus of bacteria. * helpful bacteria which is used to make pickles and cheese. * is also available in powder and capsule forms at health food stores - the main enemy of the Candida - present in the small intestine - simply dried bacteria that occur naturally in unpasteurized whole milk * primary competitor of candida for food in the intestine.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Listeria * Can Be Deadly. * also infects domestic and wild animals, livestock and fowl. * are bacteria often found in soil and water, which can cause serious illness. * bacteria particularly dangerous to pregnant women, their fetuses and newborns. * binds to receptors on the cell surface, and is phagocytosed. * can also cause abortion, diarrhea and speticemia - miscarriages or stillbirths, even if the expectant mother feels no symptoms - serious flu-like symptoms in healthy individuals - contaminate other foods - grow on soft cheeses during their ripening period - trigger miscarriages and stillbirths - be present in raw milk and soft cheese products or raw vegetables - become airborne * can cause fever, abdominal cramps, bloodstream infection, meningitis, and stillbirths - headaches, nausea and neck stiffness - severe headaches, stiffness, nausea, and diarrhea - high fever, nausea, stiff necks and miscarriages in pregnant women - meningitis and stillbirths - problems for pregnant women, children and the elderly * can contaminate other food through spills in the refrigerator - raw vegetables and poorly preserved processed foods * can grow and multiply at low temperatures - at refrigeration temperatures - even in refrigerated foods - slowly at refrigerated temperatures - multiply slowly in refrigerated foods - spread from one surface to another * common bacteria and is very difficult to eliminate - organism found in nature * eventually resides in the central nervous system casing inflammations and tissue damage. * exhibits a peculiar tumbling motility. * gram negative bacterium that is present in soil. * grow inside phagocytes and proliferate within macrophages. * hardy bacteria with lots of opportunities to spread. * has an interesting intracellular lifecycle. * is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food products - also a human pathogen - an organism that is able to reproduce at refrigeration temperatures - caused by bacteria found in soil, water and plant matter - commonly present in soil, vegetation and sewage * is found in soil and can contaminate food such as vegetables, meat chicken and milk - throughout nature, in animals, plants, water, and soil * is killed by cooking and pasteurization - cooking, but it can grow and multiply in refrigerators - pasteurization and by thoroughly cooking raw food from animal sources - one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens - only dangerous to pregnant women, their babies and people with a lowered immune system - particularly dangerous for pregnant women and people with reduced immunity to infection - well controlled in American food products * rare but important cause of human illness in the United States. * serious flu-like illness. * tends to flourish in hidden places. * type of bacteria that can contaminate food - food poisoning that can cause miscarriage, premature labour and stillbirth * uses the cellular machinery to move around inside the host cell. Magnetic bacteria * live and die within the cells of our body. * use the properties of a magnetic field in order to migrate magnetically. Magnetotactic bacteria * are also multicellular - among the bacteria types being studied - unusual in several ways * dislike oxygen. Many bacteria * Most many bacteria have mechanisms. * Some many bacteria carry out fermentation. * Some many bacteria cause diarrhea - diseases * Some many bacteria excrete organic compounds - small organic compounds - live in intestines Marine bacteria * Most marine bacteria adhere well to fish mucus. * Some marine bacteria eat seaweed. * Some marine bacteria excrete compounds * are an essential component of the marine environment - extremely important, but little understood, group	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Meningococcal bacteria * are susceptible to a number of antibiotics. * cause disease only in susceptible persons - meningitis by attacking tissues covering the brain and spinal cord * is carried in saliva or droplets from the nose of an infected person.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Mycobacteria * are also a leading cause of infection in various domesticated animals and wildlife - important human pathogens - notorious for their resistance to antibiotics that kill most other bacteria - obligate aerobes, i.e. the bacilli require oxygen for growth - resistant to oxidative attack in phagolysosomes - responsible for diseases such as leprosy or tuberculosis - unusual because they are intracellular parasites * can also cause skin lesions and open sores in amphibians - spread hematogenously to many organs when granulomas rupture into blood vessels * have an outer membrane. * represent a thriving and ingenious family in the microbial domain. Negative bacteria * Most negative bacteria grow on surfaces - have germination * Some negative bacteria inhabit intestinal tracks Nitrifying bacteria * Most nitrifying bacteria are autotrophic, with carbon dioxide serving as their carbon source. * are bacteria that breakdown organic waste into simple compounds. * changes the ammonia form of nitrogen to nitrites and nitrates. * convert ammonia to nitrate, which is easier for the plant to absorb. * reproduce by binary division. * settle on gravel and build colonies. * take several hours to reproduce. * work either at full capacity or drift into a resting phase. Nostoc * are filamentous cyanobacteria that can easily fix nitrogen. * commune to sulfur dioxide, natural gas, and crude oil in Arctic Alaska. Numerous bacteria * are obligate parasites that have reduced genomes and depleted cellular function. * can cause infections of the gastrointestinal tract of guinea pigs. * live in the nose and mouth that are also exposed to the immune system. Oral bacteria * Many oral bacteria produce bacteriocins capable of lysing other organisms. * Most oral bacteria play roles. * Some oral bacteria enter bloodstreams. * are highly specialised organisms. * can cause dental plaque, gingivitis, periodontal disease, and halitosis. * feed on sugar, producing plaque. Parasitic bacteria * Some parasitic bacteria are transmitted to humans. * Some parasitic bacteria cause diseases - human diseases - severe diseases<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Pathogenic bacteria * Many pathogenic bacteria detect whether they are in a host by testing the availability of iron. * Many pathogenic bacteria use pili to adhere to animal tissues - special secretion systems to deliver toxic proteins into host cells * Most pathogenic bacteria cause death - produce poisons * Most pathogenic bacteria use independent mechanisms - oxygen for their continued existence * Most pathogenic bacteria use several independent mechanisms * Some pathogenic bacteria are genetically very homogeneous, making strain discrimination difficult - surrounded by a capsule that make phagocytosis difficult - can survive pasteurization * Some pathogenic bacteria enter noses - urethras - kill worms * are also the cause of high infant mortality rates in developing countries - bacteria that can cause infection - in the minority among prokaryotes * can easily penetrate - reproduce on a large scale and produce toxic substances for their host * group name for the bacteria that are capable of causing illness. * like to live in the particular conditions found in the human body. * luxuriate in water with a slightly basic pH, like water found in Klamath Lake. * require time to multiply in a warm, moist, high protein environment.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Photosynthetic bacteria * Most photosynthetic bacteria play major roles * Some photosynthetic bacteria convert organic substrate. * account for much of the primary production in many open-ocean areas. * are major contributors to oceanic primary productivity. * have a special type of chlorophyll called bacteriochlorophyll. * use light from specific wavelengths in the infrared portion of the spectrum. * utilize light energy and include purple sulphur bacteria and halobacteria. Plaque bacteria * produce acids that contribute to tooth decay. * use sucrose and carbohydrates from our diet to grow and multiply - sugar and starch in food as a source of energy<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Probiotic * also help rid the body of excess estrogen hormones - improve the body's ability to resist attacks from disease-causing germs * are a natural protection against harmful organisms like pinworms - possible alternative to antibiotics but lack adequate in vivo performance - also important in recolonizing the intestine during and after antibiotic use * are an emerging means of controlling bacterial problems in shrimp hatcheries - important source of supportive nutrition for human intestinal health - bowel microflora organisms microscopic bacteria that normally inhabit the intestines * are cultures of potentially beneficial bacteria of the healthy gut flora - of the healthy gut microflora - essential to good gastrointestinal health * are live beneficial microorganisms fed to livestock, poultry, and pets - microbial food supplements - microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the host organism - organisms that prohibit the growth of bad bacteria - mandatory to help the digestive process - mixed with several prebiotics to maximize friendly flora growth in the intestines - mostly to replenish the normal gut microflora - preparations of live bacteria intended for consumption by humans or animals - similar to competitive exclusion products - the opposite of antibiotics - usually sensitive to both heat and moisture * can also stimulate the immune system's production of white blood cells - encourage the early establishment of beneficial microbes in the gut * contain lactobacillus that helps promote good bacteria to grow in their digestive tract. * encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria and hinder the growth of harmful ones. * have many important functions in the body - the potential to be exciting, healthful food ingredients * help absorb food nutrients into the blood stream for delivery to the rest of the body - break down protein into simpler units called amino acids - prevent disease and improve digestion * produce bacteriocins that have natural antibiotic activity. * suppress the growth of potentially harmful organisms and boost the immune system. * treat bacterial dysbiosis in some populations. Pseudomonad * are common in soil and water and can live on a wide variety of substrates - oxidase and catalase positive * require water, oxygen and nearly any carbon source for growth. * seem to be common pathogens in our cases. Purple bacteria * live in the mud below surface plants. * require an organic substrate for hydrogen production. Resident bacteria * digests some food material and produces two vitamins. * survive no more than a few hours without moisture.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Resistant bacteria * Most resistant bacteria can produce substances which destroy the antibiotic. * are hard to treat and can cause serious problems and even death. * arise through a process called natural selection. * become dominant through competitive selection. * can develop in an individual, hospital or community. * develop a variety of mechanisms to dodge the antibiotic bullet - because of overuse and misuse of antibiotics - when antibiotics are used too often or incorrectly * emerge because of overuse and misuse of antibiotics. * evolve as a result of using antibiotics. * gain defense mechanisms by borrowing genetic material from other bacteria. * multiply when non-resistant bacteria die. * pose an ever-increasing threat. Saprophytic bacteria * Most saprophytic bacteria excrete usable nutrients. * feed off dead and decaying matter. Several bacteria * appear to contain analogous oxidases. * cause serious problems on fruit plants. * have their DNA completely sequenced and reported. Shigella * are always pathogenic - bacteria that cause an intestinal infection * multiply at room temperature. * often causes outbreaks in daycare centers.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Soil bacteria * All soil bacteria require for their growth a certain amount of oxygen. * Most soil bacteria convert nitrate. * Most soil bacteria play indispensable roles * Some soil bacteria kill insect larvae * are also responsible for the medications erythromycin, streptomycin and tetracycline - either autotrophic or heterotrophic - mostly saprophytes or parasites - of special interest because of their many varied activities - the natural soil microorganisms that break down soil components into plant food * breakdown the effluent aerobically, which means with the presence of oxygen. * can also improve soil structure by enhancing the formation of aggregates. * convert nitrogen gas to a usable form for plants. * decompose biodegradable material - organic nitrogen forms in soil to the ammonium form * destroy some of the pollutants. * encompass a wide range of nutritional types. * help water to dissolve rock particles in soils. * is classified under two heads, autotrophic and heterotrophic. Spiral bacteria * Most spiral bacteria infect animals. * Some spiral bacteria cause diseases - severe diseases - find in stomachs Spirochaete * Most spirochaetes are free-living and anaerobic , but there are numerous exceptions. * are spiral shaped bacetria.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Spirochete * Most spirochetes are anaerobic. * Some spirochetes can also selectively inhibit the proliferative response of lymphocytes. * are a spiral-shaped bacteria that infect the body by burrowing in through the skin - corkscrew-shaped bacteria that move by undulating - long, thin, spiral-shaped bacteria - the causitive agents of both syphilis and yaws - very difficult to stain - well adapted to swim in viscous liquids * can also live by themselves. * convert two gases in termite stomachs, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, into acetic acid. * have an axial filament attached at both ends and within a membrane sheath. * live in many habitats, including cow stomachs, termite guts and compost heaps. * play a role in ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis.<\|endoftext\|>### microbacteria: Staph bacteria * are a frequent cause of infection in burns, skin and surgical wounds - harmless in most healthy people - one of the most common causes of food poisoning - widespread and cause mild to severe skin infections in dogs of all ages * can also become resistant to certain antibiotics - cause skin, wound and other infections * grows well in high salt concentrations and in high sugar concentrations. * prefer cooked food high in protein. * produce a toxin in the food as they multiply. Streptococcus * kills white blood cells. * pyogenes A common bacterium that causes strep throat and can also cause tonsillitis.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacteria: Sulfur bacteria * Some sulfur bacteria obtain energy. * are present in caves with pyrite and other sulfide minerals. Symbiotic bacteria * Most symbiotic bacteria live within stomachs. * Some symbiotic bacteria break down cellulose - help cellulose - live within intestines * Some symbiotic bacteria produce b vitamins - certain b vitamins Transgenic bacteria * perform bioremediation. * produce chemical products. Type of bacteria * Many types of bacteria are helpful, even necessary, for the proper functioning of our bodies - pathogenic in humans - can infect the skin - grow best in a warm, moist place - live as parasites on higher organisms * Some types of bacteria have an additional layer outside the cell wall - help with digestion and other bodily process - produce a toxin or poison, which can cause illness Various bacteria * Most various bacteria convert heat energy. * Some various bacteria cause diseases. * live in the nose and mouth. Vent bacteria * are able to endure higher temperatures than any other organism. * can withstand higher temperatures than any other organism.<\|endoftext\|>Microbacterium * Bacteria are located in mammals - transmitted to hosts * Bacteria attack heart tissue * Bacteria break down chemicals - materials - matter - organic matter - remain plant matter - useful materials * Bacteria cause black death - bloodstream infection - ear infection - fungal infection - gastrointestinal illnesses - intestinal infection - latent infection - nasal infection - opportunistic infection - problems - respiratory problems - salmonella infection * Bacteria cause serious infection - wind infection - severe infection - skin infection - sudden illnesses - transmit infection * Bacteria contain phosphorus - radioactive phosphorus * Bacteria convert energy - nitrate * Bacteria digest food - lactose - milk sugar lactose - nutrients * Bacteria enter digestive tracts - intestine tracts - urinary tracts * Bacteria feed on decay food particles - mucuses - organic materials - toxins - find in vegetables - get energy * Bacteria grow in intestinal tracts - places - water * Bacteria grow on carbon sources - surfaces * Bacteria have ability - advantage - beneficial effects - cell nuclei - competitive advantage - dart motility - devastate effects - electrical properties - essential purposes - flagella - genetic variation - germination - impact - kinds - mechanisms - negative effects - nice places - noticeable results - positive effects - roles - shapes - significant impact - such devastate effects - unique properties * Bacteria includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * Bacteria infect animals - cattle - guinea pigs * Bacteria inhabit environments - guts - hostile environments - human guts * Bacteria invade lung tissue * Bacteria live in environments - extreme environments - marine environments - occur in water - perform multiplication * Bacteria play essential roles - indispensable roles - major roles - positive roles * Bacteria produce enzymes - hydrogen - proteins - spores - substances - toxic substances * Bacteria secrete compounds * Bacteria to cause diseases - infectious diseases - undergo development * Bacteria use anaerobic respiration - different mechanisms - independent mechanisms - oxygen * Bacteria use several independent mechanisms * Bacterium microorganism. * Bacteriums are bacteriums. * Bacteriums are located in fingers - ground - lakes - mouths - septic tanks - microorganisms - prokaryotes ### microbacterium: Certain bacterium * Certain bacteria get energy. * Certain bacteria have beneficial effects * Certain bacteria invade lung tissue * Certain bacteria use anaerobic respiration	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacterium: Cyanobacteria * are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form plants can use - use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon - among the most primitive groups of organisms - different in many important ways from other photosynthetic prokaryotes - examples of bacteria that use light and carbion dioxide - in most environments on Earth - megascopic * are photosynthetic bacteria - organisms belonging to the Moneran kingdom - present in many different forms - prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs that contain chlorophyll a and phycobilins - responsible for putting oxygen into the atmosphere, and are evidently very old - thus autotrophic producers of their own food from simple raw materials * contribute a lot to our planet. * exist almost everywhere and have been around since the emergence of life on Earth. * have a much higher cell-specific production of alkaline phosphatase than do algae. * occur as single cells or as filaments. * serve as food for human consumption like spirulina and also for aquatic animals. + Nitrogen fixation, Biological, Microorganisms that fix nitrogen (diazotrophs), Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria: Ecology :: Biochemistry * Cyanobacteria are in most environments on Earth. They play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Cyanobacteria use many sources of combined nitrogen, like nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, or some amino acids. Gut bacterium * Gut bacteria cause infection - wind infection - digest nutrients * Gut bacteria play essential roles Leptospira * exhibit characteristic cork-screw motility. * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - flagella - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles Pathogenic bacterium * Pathogenic bacteria cause death. * Pathogenic bacteria use independent mechanisms * Pathogenic bacteria use several independent mechanisms<\|endoftext\|>### microbacterium: Salmonella * Most salmonellas cause acute illnesses * Some salmonella strains resist drugs. * Some salmonellas are located in turtles - enter bloodstreams * are bacteria, which exist everywhere in the environment - bacterial infection - bacteriums - common commensals of all animals and birds and are excreted in feces - extremely resistant and live for extended periods of time outside the host - just two of the common foodborne diseases - rod-shaped bacteria that live in the intestines of animals and humans - species - widespread in cows, poultry, pigs, pets and wild animals * assay while iso-steviol is inactive. * can be fatal for someone in the hospital. * can be present in an egg without a crack - the eggs * choleraesuis infections in humans are extremely rare and can cause death. * e are common in the intestinal tracts and feces of animals - widespread in nature - corpi - plasma membranes - vacuoles * infect body tissue * invasins trigger actin polymerization and depolymerization. * is dead when the yolk turns solid - often present in raw meat, fish and dairy products - oxidase-negative - present in a fifth of all broiler chickens sold - spread via the fecal-oral route when animals or people pass stools * live in the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals, including birds. * occurs worldwide. * osteomyelitis in childhood. * reproduce by binary fission. * species cause alkaline reaction indicated by purple color throughout medium. * strains appear as mauve colonies. * too can be stressful on poultry production. * typhi infection in children younger than five years of age. Soil bacterium * Soil bacteria convert nitrate. * Soil bacteria play indispensable roles Staphylococcus * Some staphylococcus become resistant to penicillin. * Some staphylococcus infects stumps - umbilical stumps * causes illnesses. * contains elements. * grows on a presumably safe catheter. * includes cell membranes - cells - flagella	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microbacterium: Symbiotic bacterium * Symbiotic bacteria live within stomachs. * helps digest cellulose.<\|endoftext\|>### microbicidal: Wood tar * is microbicidal and has a pleasant odor - natural resin + Tar, Types of tar, Wood: Materials * In earlier times it was often used as a water repellent coating for boats, ships, and roofs. It is still used as an additive in the flavoring of candy, alcohol and other foods. Wood tar is microbicidal and has a pleasant odor. Producing tar from wood was known in ancient Greece, and has probably been used in Scandinavia since the Iron Age. For centuries, dating back at least to the 14th century, tar was among Sweden's most important exports. Sweden exported 13,000 barrels of tar in 1615 and 227,000 barrels in the peak year of 1863. Production nearly stopped in the early 20th century, when other chemicals replaced tar and wooden ships were replaced by steel ships. Microdifferent microorganism * Different microorganisms make different species sick. * Many different microorganisms live in the soil including bacteria and fungi.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Microgerm * Germ causes diseases - infection - similar symptoms - skin infection * Germ enters tracts - urinary tracts * Germ has necessary nutrients * Germ includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles - is inspiration * Germ is located in doctors - mouths - structures - undergoes meiosis * Germs also come from objects that have been contaminated by an infected person - grow well in other foods kept warm in the Danger Zone * Germs are a natural part of the environment - abundant everywhere, especially in situations such as daycare or preschool - active in the body * Germs are bacteria , viruses , or fungi - or viruses so small they are invisible to the naked eye - extremely temperature sensitive - found all over the world, in all kinds of places - merely the opportunistic vectors of disease - mostly airborne or spread by germ-covered hands - only the accompaniment of diseased conditions * Germs are so small and sneaky that they creep into our bodies without being noticed - that they creep into our systems without being noticed - the cause of disease * Germs are tiny bugs which make people sick - living things that are found everywhere - in air, soil and water - organisms that creep into our bodies and attack our immune system * Germs are very small but they can cause people to be very sick - organisms, or living things, that can cause people to get sick - virtually everywhere - at home, at work, at school and outdoors - attack the weakest part of the body * Germs can also spread in sweat, saliva, and blood - through animal and insect bites, kissing and sexual contact - thrive in sponges and towels - become resistant to the drugs, which has become an increasing problem * Germs can cause an infection called an abscess - inside the tooth - colitis - change shape, join together, separate again and return to their primordial condition * Germs can contaminate surfaces and objects around the pool and spread disease - around the water - easily get into the uterus from other parts of the body - enter through the open wound - even become resistant to many antibiotics - get in the body that way, too * Germs can grow below the plug, causing redness, swelling, and pimples - rapidly in space and create a health hazard - very quickly in foods that are left out to get warm - hide in the cracks - infect through a soaked bandage faster than through a dry one - multiply on dishes left soaking in dishwater - soon grow on food which is left standing at room temperature - spread through the Eustachian tube into the middle ear due to being ill * Germs can spread to surfaces and objects in and around the pool and spread illness - objects in and around the pool and spread ilness - transmit disease - can, however, be biologically sexist in the damage they do - carried by rats, fleas and other insects, rapidly multiply * Germs cause a lot of infectious illness - cavities, colds and flu, stomachaches, and chicken pox - food borne illness or food poisoning * Germs come from direct contact with infected animals - soil, air, food, water, milk, feces - contracted by a child is passed onto the mother through the breastfeeding process - enter the body through the nose or mouth, lodging in the throat - grow and the infection gets worse * Germs have no means of locomotion except to attach themselves to particles of dust - execpt to attach themselves to particles of dust - expect to attach themselves to particles of dust - nothing to do with marking, and beyond that urine sterile fluid baring infection - personalities - hitchhike under and around the fingernails, where normal hand washing fails to reach - kill people * Germs live everywhere - in garden or potting soil - love humid air - pass easily from one person to another on things like papers and folders - proliferate where there is warmth and stagnation - sometimes find homes inside our bodies - then begin to grow in the trapped secretions in the lungs * Germs thrive in stagnant air - the high sugar content of blood and body fluids - warm, wet, and stuffy places * Germs travel easily from one person to another via our hands-spreading colds and flu - fast among children * Germs travel from one person to another - person's hands, towels, or linens to the next person * Many germs can linger in a bird s food dish - live in our bodies or are common in our surroundings * Most germ causes skin infection. * Most germ has necessary nutrients - germs are spread through the air in sneezes, coughs, or even breaths * Some germ causes cholera - death - disease outbreaks - serious disease outbreaks - contains fiber * Some germ produces powerful toxins * Some germs are more stubborn to get rid of than others - become resistant through mutation * Some germs can form protective shells, or spores, to allow survival outside the host - live for days outside the body of the sick person that they come from - survive on their own while others prefer living in people or animals - cause disease - directly transfer their resistance to others - exist in food and untreated water * Some germs live in body fluids like mucus, pus, and stool - only in hot areas of the world while others live only in cold areas + Hand washing: Healthy lifestyle * Hand washing' is the process of cleaning hands with water and soap or other special liquids. It is done to take off dirt, germs, and poisons. Germs and poisons cause diseases and other health problems. Germs are bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Some diseases are not stopped by antibiotic drugs. Hand washing prevents lots of new disease. Not washing hands before cooking or touching food is risky. + Housecleaning, Health: Home * Germs are tiny bugs which make people sick. They are too small to see without a microscope. Some bottles of soap and water that are sold in stores come with poison in them. They then rinse the soap and poison off the surface. To keep the house and the world safe, people do not use too much disinfectant cleaner. Some kinds of soap can hurt people just because of how strong they are.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microgerm: Good germ * Some good germs live in the gastrointestinal tract of the body to help make vitamins. * can also help clean up our environment, like in oil spills. Harmful germ * Most harmful germ causes infection. * Some harmful germ causes disease outbreaks - serious disease outbreaks * attack the teeth and gums when plaque builds up.<\|endoftext\|>### microgerm: Wheat germ * Some wheat germ contains fiber. * comes from wheat seeds. * commercial source of both E s and B s. * contains many nutrients while wheat bran consists of fiber. * has a nutty flavor and concentrated source of oil, vitamins, minerals and protein. * is also a good source of dietary fibre - considered to be an excellent supplement for hair loss - extremely rich in magnesium, so take a lot of it - food - high in both - part of wheat * is sold in grocery stores and food markets - raw and toasted forms - raw or lightly toasted - the heart of the wheat kernel - wheat berries<\|endoftext\|>Microhalophile * A halophile microorganism * Halophiles accumulate great amounts of potassium in order to stay hypertonic to their environment - also ferment salted fish * Halophiles are archaeans that can survive in extremely salty conditions - bacteria that are adapted to live in high salt environments - categorized by the levels of salt at which they grow best - directly responsible for decomposition of salted meats - mesophilic facultative aerobes - useful for cleaning up polluted environments * Halophiles live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as Great Salt Lake, Owens Lake, or Dead Sea - intensely salty lakes and pools - water with a very high concentration of salt - love salt live in the dead sea and the great salt lakes * Halophiles play an important part in ecosystems - the fermentation of some foods * Most halophiles are aerobes. * Halophiles' are organisms that need salt in their environment to live. Halophiles live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as Great Salt Lake, Owens Lake, or Dead Sea. + Halophile, Categorization: Microbiology :: Extremophiles * Halophiles are categorized by the levels of salt at which they grow best. Halophiles can either be categorized as slight halophiles, moderate halophiles, or extreme halophiles. An example of a slight halophile is 'Erythrobacter flavus'. Slight halophiles live in mud on the ocean floor, in seawater, and in garden soil. + Halophile, Importance and uses, In fermentation * Halophiles play an important part in the fermentation of some foods. For instance, halophiles ferment soy and fish sauces. Halophiles also ferment salted fish - nature * Halophiles play an important part in ecosystems. For example, halophiles often support entire populations of wild birds. * Halophiles are useful for cleaning up polluted environments. This could lead to future use in cleaning up oil spills ### microhalophile: Moderate halophile * Some moderate halophiles produce sugars outside the cell. + Halophile, Importance and uses, In biotechnology: Microbiology :: Extremophiles * Some moderate halophiles produce sugars outside the cell. These sugars can be used as thickeners and emulsifiers in the petroleum and medicine industries.<\|endoftext\|>Microhalophilic microorganism * Halophilic microorganisms are useful in biotechnology. + Halophile, Importance and uses, In biotechnology: Microbiology :: Extremophiles * Halophilic microorganisms are useful in biotechnology. The compounds that certain halophiles make are valuable. Some of these compounds are not found anywhere else in the living world. The salt-tolerant enzymes that halophiles produce can be used in a variety of ways. For example, these enzymes could be used for rough industrial processes, like food processing. Microintestinal flora * An intestinal flora microorganism * Intestinal flora are very important to the health of the body in many ways.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Micromarine microorganism * Marine microorganisms are the primary degraders of chitin in the ocean. * Marine microorganisms live in environments - marine environments - produce a diverse array of chemical compounds * Most marine microorganisms live in environments Micromethanogen * Methanogen is organisms * Methanogens are methane producing microorganisms - live where there is no oxygen - make energy by oxidizing hydrogen and reducing carbon dioxide to methane - obtain their energy from the use of carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas - produce methane from simple carbon compunds * Most methanogens can make methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. * Some methanogens thrive near volcanic vents.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Micromicrobe * A microbe microorganism * All microbes are facultative anaerobes also capable of operating in the absence of oxygen - capable of operating in the presence of oxygen - related to one another and to humans - too small to see with the unaided human eye - have a pH range they prefer and another range they can tolerate - require sources of carbon and energy * Many microbes are pathogens or parasitic organisms that can harm humans - unable to grow when there is high sugar or salt content - can ferment sugars to alcohol - change shape when they become infectious - have the ability to detoxify contaminants * Many microbes live in the bottom of lakes and rivers in sediments - near the roots of plants - prefer a neutral pH for growth * Microbe grows by reducing arsenic. * Microbes affect every aspect of life on earth - genomic stability, resistance to cell death and proliferative signaling * Microbes also cause nonmalignant chronic diseases - play an essential role in the natural recycling of living materials - present less of a supply and demand problem - reinvent themselves - take in carbon dioxide, and give off methane * Microbes appear early in the precambrian, and jellyfish and worms appear late in the era - to be the sole source of all of the hydrogen and methane produced in the intestine * Microbes are a common occurrence in nature - fact of life anywhere that humans go - fundamental element of biotechnology - major cause of disease in humans * Microbes are also capable of exchanging genetic information by mating - the agents of many human and plant diseases * Microbes are an important part of our existence - integral link in the food chain and natural defense system of plant material - bacteria and are too small to be seen with the naked eye * Microbes are capable of detoxifying a wide variety of human-made chemicals - using all sorts of other terminal electron accepters besides oxygen - decomposers - detailed with information regarding habitat, transmission, treatment and pathogenesis * Microbes are essential for the functioning of ecological systems - recycling of elements so they can be used over and over again - in contributing to and maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems - everywhere, and inhabit our skin and intestine - found in boiling hot springs and on frozen snowfields - good at breaking down many organic compounds in air and water - highly abundant, diverse and have an important role in the ecological system * Microbes are important for the good health of animals - health of most animals * Microbes are important to sustaining life on Earth - the agricultural, mining, chemical and pharmaceutical industries - invisible to the human eye and can only be seen with a microscope - involved in the decay of dead plants, animals, and animal waste * Microbes are killed by heat - without causing damage to the taste and quality of milk - known to live in remarkably diverse environments, many of which are extremely harsh - located in air - microorganisms, which are tiny living things visible only under a microscope - microscopic, single-celled organisms without a nucleus - minute plant or animal life - more likely to enter the hair canal and proliferate feeding on the sebum in the canal * Microbes are often non-descript rods, or spheres - very small, even in comparison to microscopic cells from animals * Microbes are organisms that are microscopic, or extremely small - predators - primarily responsible for the breakdown of the product - responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere - roots of life's family tree * Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the eye of a needle - that can only be seen with microscopes - so tough they can survive in outer space - some of the oldest and most diverse live forms on the planet * Microbes are the dominant form of life on Earth - life on planet Earth - primary factor in the degradation of diuron in aquatic environments * Microbes are tiny living cells - organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, yeast, and molds - ubiquitous - used as biological control * Microbes are very small one cell organisms - a membrane filled with cellular fluid and electrolytes - one-cell organisms, a membrane filled with cellular fluid and electrolytes - associated with plant roots also perform transformations - avoid problem by becoming inactive * Microbes break down carbohydrates - matter * Microbes break down organic materials - breed quickly in water - can degrade and synthesize many of the organic nutrients utilized by animals - coming into the body have their own uniforms, which are usually very different * Microbes compete fiercely and the available energy declines - with plants for nutrients for assimilation and growth - constitute essential interfaces in the functional web of ecosystems - contain only a single chromosome - contribute more genes responsible for human survival than humans' own genes * Microbes convert carbon in residue to gaseous carbon dioxide - nitrates into a harmless gas - nitrogen and sulfur to forms that plants can use - substances * Microbes decompose cellulose - dead plants breaking down the carbon-rich matter to carbon dioxide - humates - the waste products of other living things, creating nutrients - detoxify and clean up the wastewater stream in secondary treatment - differ in their abilities to use substrates as nutrient sources * Microbes digest nutrients * Microbes drive the chemistry of life and affect the global climate - eat engine hoses, belts, electrical insulation * Microbes exist in all areas, including homes, offices, commercial centers, and hospitals - to bring back to the earth that which is weakened * Microbes feed on bacteria - organic components of waste until they can no longer derive energy from it - thatch and convert thatch back to topsoil * Microbes feed on the free water - thatch, eventually converting it back to top soil - find in diets - fix nitrogen and remove it from the air - form side links in the food chain - get food - go anywhere that humans go * Microbes have an amazing capacity to degrade and transform a wide range of pollutants in nature - enormous influence on our environment, both domestic and global - extraordinary genetic and metabolic diversity - impact - limits - major impact - many many related species and very few cause infectious disease - the ability to come up with unexpected and novel mechanisms of resistance - their joys, And subdivide, and never come to death - immediately eliminate the flammability of the hydrocarbon * Microbes includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles - intrude into our body and reproduce rapidly * Microbes live in colonies and are very mobile - homes, in schools and on statues - the farthest reaches of the atmosphere * Microbes live in their digestive systems, in their mouths, and on their skin - guts, in their mouths, and on their skin - offer unusual capabilities reflecting the diversity of their environmental niches * Microbes often enter cells to protect themselves from host defenses and to move around the body - stick to surfaces in masses called biofilms - perform roles * Microbes produce and remove a great range of other gases as well - useful materials * Microbes provide nutrients to animals - the fundamental underpinning of all ecosystems - recycle nutrients in our environment * Microbes replicate and grow rapidly, and can be grown continuously - thus a supply of rennin is available - represent the greatest reservoir of genetic and biochemical diversity on the planet * Microbes require a delicate balance of soil tilth in order to live and propagate - moisture, but too much is deadly - secrete effector proteins to manipulate host processes in order to facilitate colonization - solubilize the phosphate salts making phosphorus available to the biological world - take sulfur and use it to fix carbon dioxide in a process called chemosynthesis - thrive far below ground * Microbes thrive in aerated streams with lots of oxygen to murky bogs that have no oxygen - warmer water - on a huge range of foods including oil and toxic wastes - trigger immune response that suppresses infections - turn nutrient in beef into an artery-clogging menace * Microbes use carbon as energy and nitrogen as a food source to produce proteins - chemicals to make food - many different processes to reproduce - sunlight - the oxygen to process organics in the wastewater - vary widely in regard to ability to initiate growth over certain range of temperature * More microbes survive in space. * Most microbes are asexual and many plants can produce fertile hybrids with other species - harmless, but some are the cause of disease - so small that they are measured in micrometers or nanometers * Most microbes break down carbohydrates * Most microbes break down organic materials - convert substances - digest organic nutrients * Most microbes produce materials - require energy * Most microbes use oxygen * Some microbes act as food preservatives and keep the beebread from spoiling in the hive - aid digestion, others can potentially cause disease * Some microbes are a direct threat to people - able to reduce particulate manganese oxides to soluble manganese - capable of using nitrate as their terminal electron accepter - extremely lethal at very low doses - good to have while others can make people very sick - helpful to humans, but some are harmful - photosynthetic, deriving their energy from the sun - transmitted by cockroaches - unable to tolerate changes to low pH and are killed * Some microbes break down cellulose - plant polysaccharides * Some microbes can even catabolize benzene or toluene - grow only in air * Some microbes can survive temperatures about the boiling point - without oxygen, using chemicals instead of sunlight for energy * Some microbes cause conditions - disease in humans, animals, and plants - fevers - rheumatic fevers - tuberculosis - contain chlorophyll * Some microbes convert carbohydrates - electricity - renewable electricity - create light - do survive transit through the stomach to the intestines - enter tissue - excrete antibiotics - find refuge from the cold between the grains of porous stone - grow better in meat type media * Some microbes have ability - an appetite for gas, oil or other toxic chemicals - different effects - measurable effects - very close relationships with plants - help food - invade organs * Some microbes live in colons - oysters - near roots of plants in symbiotic associations - on snow and ice and die at room temperature - love radiation - obtain energy * Some microbes produce compounds that lower crop production - contain nutrients - enzymes - pigment - purple pigment - toxins * Some microbes produce volatile compounds * Some microbes reduce nitrate to nitrite - nitrite further to nitrogen gas - resort to using alternatives to oxygen - simply enclose themselves with strong walls and wait inside for warmer times - slowly destroy stone buildings and statuary + Carl Woese, Work and discoveries: 1928 births :: 2012 deaths :: Alumni of Yale University :: American biologists :: Deaths from pancreatic cancer :: Foreign Members of the Royal Society :: Microbiologists :: Scientists from New York :: People from Syracuse, New York * The tree of life shows the diversity of microbes. Single-celled organisms represent the vast majority of the biosphere's diversity. This is surprising to some, given our familiarity with the larger metazoan world. Microbes are responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere. Woese's efforts to clarify the evolution and diversity of microbes was an invaluable service to ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### micromicrobe: Anaerobic microbe * Most anaerobic microbes break down matter - organic matter * dominate the microbial population in deep portions of an anaerobic lagoon. * obtain energy from oxygen bound to other molecules such as sulfate compounds. * produce smelly gasses as a by-product of decomposition. Beneficial microbe * are antagonistic to plant pathogens - plant guardians * grow inside the pores of the filter medium. Different microbe * are at work under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. * can synthesize different enzymes which are beneficial. * use different compounds and grow at different temperatures. Infectious microbe * Some infectious microbes can live and reproduce inside macrophages. * can easily travel across borders with their human or animal hosts. Pathogenic microbe * Some pathogenic microbes enter tissue. * can be dangerous foes, especially in a hospital setting. * challenge the immune system in many ways. * thrive where there is no oxygen.<\|endoftext\|>### micromicrobe: Soil microbe * Most soil microbes obtain the energy necessary to grow from carbon in the soil organic matter - produce substances * Some soil microbes are natural enemies of nematodes - play roles * are able to degrade the petroleum based waste constituents - the essential link between mineral reserves and plant growth * can also help clean up most herbicide and pesticide molecules - enter the human body through a break in the skin or can be inhaled as dust * feed on the organic material and nutrients in manure. * live and function in a solution within the soil. * recycle P for plant uptake, thereby making it available to all animals. Various microbe * are responsible, favored by cool temperatures, all pH's. * can provide nutritional requirements to insects. Micromoneran * A moneran microorganism * Monerans are broken down into phyla according to their means of procuring food - cells with no membrane-bound structure protecting their genetic material - prokaryotes - single-celled prokaryotic organisms - the smallest, simplest life forms	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Microorganism * All microorganism have the potential to develop resistance to germicides. * All microorganisms are harmful to humans - decompose decayed vegetation or other microorganisms * Every microorganism has a very short life. * Many microorganisms also get their food from the tree. * Many microorganisms are capable of ammonification - unicellular or single-celled but some are multicellular - can degrade aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons - find body fluids an attractive place to live - grow on common burdock, and two microorganisms have economic importance * Many microorganisms produce antibiotics and toxins - asymptomatic, or subclinical, mastitis in milking sheep - release essential plant nutrients as they break down organic materials - use old dead stubs as springboards into the trunk * Most microorganisms are harmless to humans. * Most microorganisms break down matter - organic matter * Most microorganisms cause animal diseases - infectious diseases - grow best at high levels of moisture * Most microorganisms have ability - evolution - the potential to detoxify and reduce heavy metals to a non-toxic form - infect humans * Most microorganisms live in environments - harsh environments - marine environments - within tissue - occur in water - produce nutrients - provide food * Some microorganisms affect plants. * Some microorganisms are able to metabolize peptides and more complex proteins - always present in the air, and some growth on a settling plate is normal - beneficial while some are harmful - eaten by other organisms - harmful to the body and can cause disease by destroying cells in the body - resistant to tannins - skilled in other ways in obtaining iron from human hosts - used to produce foods and chemicals * Some microorganisms break down biomass - cellulose - indigestible cellulose * Some microorganisms can be quite rich in astaxanthin - cause acute health problems when consumed in drinking water - grow in significantly lower temperatures and at lower RH levels - use fats as an energy source * Some microorganisms cause acute gastroenteritis - blindness - diarrhea - diseases while others produce antibiotics that cure diseases - eye infection - food to spoil making it look, smell, or taste bad - illnesses - infectious gastroenteritis - meat to spoil - whole body infection - contain carbon * Some microorganisms convert carbon dioxide - detoxify heavy metals by converting the metal to a volatile form - do require special processing - duplicate through budding e.g. yeast - enter blood - grow on surfaces * Some microorganisms infect insects - wheat seeds * Some microorganisms inhabit intestines - small intestines - tracts * Some microorganisms live in tracts - love the heat - negatively affect the body - occur naturally * Some microorganisms produce acid - enzymes - flavour compounds, complex polysaccharides or organic acids - methane - minor illnesses - pigment during growth and are said to be chromogenic. * are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems, because they act as decomposers. Because some microorganisms can also take nitrogen out of the air, they are an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Pathogenic, or harmful, microbes can invade other organisms and cause disease * abound in animal intestinal tracts. * again have the conditions which favor rapid growth. * also contribute heavily to argricultural crop destruction - synthesize protein which is later digested by vertebrate * are abundant in nature and the cause of most food-borne illness. * are active in the composting process - organic substances in soil - adept in regulating the types and quantities of proteins formed - also major actors in soil food webs - always present in indoor environments - an essential part of Form five biology - antigenic, meaning they are capable of triggering the production of antibodies - central to understanding and defining long-term soil quality * are classified into bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites - four major groups - components of every ecosystem on Earth - constantly under environmental stresses in their natural environment * are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems , because they act as decomposers - ecosystems as they act as decomposers - crucial to the survival of life on Mars in the future - essential for all life because they decompose waste * are essential to our life - the web of life in every environment * are everywhere and are competing with one another - often contaminate raw agricultural food products - in nature and in human environments - germs that cause diseases - ideal for the large-scale production of enzymes * are important in decay - the maintenance of an ecological balance on Earth - indispensible components of our ecosystems - intimately and intricately interwoven into our daily lives * are key contributors to nutrient cycles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems - to breaking down the rock mineral fertilizers to usable form for the plant - more active and digest materials faster in warm, moist, aerobic conditions - naturally present in the digestive systems of animals * are often easier and less expensive to grow than multicellular organisms - responsible for the rapid spoilage of foods - placed in phagosomes where they are ultimately digested by lysosomes - present everywhere in the soil, in the water, in the air, on our bodies * are present in all soils in varying amounts - the soil primarily attached to soil particles - problematic in other ways * are responsible for getting rid the waste generated by industry and households - single-celled organisms such as bacteria, fungi and protozoa - small forms of plant and animal life, which break down the organic material * are the cause of many infectious diseases - cornerstone of modern biotechnology and genetic engineering - living forms having more number of types on the earth - principal actors of composting - tiny living creatures, much too small to see with the naked eye * are ubiquitous in nature - our environment - unable to break down organic matter in high alkaline soils - used to enrich the soil fertility - utilised for planning of unreactive group and enzymes * are very beneficial to soils - important also as primary link of ecosystem - very small * be to have a comparatively meteoric fertility rate of evolution. * can be both beneficial and harmful - viruses, such as measles virus, or they can be bacteria * change the color also by producing pigments themselves. * control the earth's environment through an astonishing array of chemical processes. * convert energy. * decompose dead organisms and waste material from living organisms - the plant protein into amino acids and can liberate ammonium * degrade protective coatings by producing organic acids and by excreting enzymes. * depend on a specific enzyme to breathe. * destroy pollutants after they are removed from the air stream by adsorption. * develop resistance because something alters their structure or function. * dominate the oceans where the macroscopic world is even less abundant than on land - planet in terms of total mass, species diversity, and metabolic range * dramatically increase when gloves occlude the skin. * eat the contaminant. * enter the teat duct in several ways - uterus through several routes * exhibit extraordinary genetic and phenetic diversity - many of the same metabolic pathways as multicellular organisms * fall within all domains. * feed on both the dissolved and suspended organic material in the wastewater. * feed on organic matter and consume oxygen - produce polysaccharides * grow by binary fission. * have a direct impact on our daily lives - more flexibility than larger animals and greater mobility than plants * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * inhabit guts. * interact with minerals and perturb the geochemical environment. * invades host. * is an organism * live and proliferate under special environmental conditions - everywhere in the ocean, from the deepest trenches to the high- est tide pools * living in the rumen depend for their survival on the food that the animal eats. * living in water and in soil also break down nitrobenzene - break down biphenyl to other chemicals - can also break down phthalic anhydride - within the root mat are essential in aiding the uptake of available minerals * make nitrogen available to plants. * metabolize and destroy contaminants - or break down tebuthiuron in the soil * multiply in used detergent wash water - rapidly, allowing easier analysis * now serve as models for the study of basic biological processes. * offer a cheap way to clean up pollution. * often get a bad press - grow in humidifiers which are equipped with tanks containing standing water * play major roles in energy transformations and biogeochemical processes. * present in the biofilm 'feed' from water that flows past - many mechanisms of metal tolerance - toxic byproducts derived from their use of oxygen * range in complexity from single to multi-cellular organisms. * reduce the nitrate if incomplete drying or rewetting occurs. * release it as they break down organic material. * represent a very varied group of organisms invisible to the naked eye. * require a proper environment to work efficiently - certain basic nutrients for growth and maintenance of metabolic functions * rule the world, as they have since life began. * sense and adapt to changes in their environment. * share many characteristics with all other types of cells. * tend to be associated with only uncomfortable infections and diseases - host specific, to varying degrees * therefore play an important role in biofouling as well as mussels and oyster farming. * thrive in dark, wet, warm bedding - nutrient-rich water * transform ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate through the process of nitrification - mineral nutrients and degrade dead organisms and detritus * use light or chemical energy. * use the carbon in leaves or woody wastes as an energy source - organic material as a source of energy - same basic genetic mechanisms as larger, more complex organisms * vary in size.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Micropathogenic microorganism * Most pathogenic microorganisms cause diseases. * Pathogenic microorganisms are organisms capable of producing disease - the most significant cause of foodborne illness - reproduce by cell division * Some pathogenic microorganisms cause illnesses. ### microprocessors: Vector processor * are microprocessors. * make heavy use of pipelining. * perform numerical calculations much like workers on an assembly line build a car.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Microprotist * A protist microorganism * All protists are aquatic - capable of a. asexual reproduction - eukaryotic, which means they all have a true nucleus - irritable and react in differ- ent degrees upon external irritations - multicellular - do, they are all eukaryotic * Every protist has cells that contain a nucleus. * Many protists act as pathogens to humans. * Many protists are haploid - part of the plankton and are very important for the ecosystem - producers * Many protists are single-celled organisms, as are bacteria * Many protists can cause serious illness and disease - reproduce either sexually or asexually depending on environmental conditions - cause significant diseases in humans and other animals - play important roles in ecosystems - reproduce sexually, as do multicellular plants, animals, and fungi - take the form of single-celled flagellates * Most protists are aerobic in metabolism - aerobic, possessing mitochondria and using aerobic respiration - microscopic and unicellular, but some true multicellular forms exist - unicelluar, though some are colonial or multicellular - unicellular but a few are multicellular * Most protists are unicellular, but some, such as seaweeds, are large multicellular organisms - there are some colonial and multicellular species - very small - carry out photosynthesis * Most protists cause diseases - human diseases - digest food * Most protists have cilia or flagella at some time in life - contractile vacuoles - functions * Most protists inhabit digestive tracts - live in aquatic environments - produce oxygen - react positively or negatively to various chemicals or concentrations of chemicals - reproduce asexually - require a watery environment in which to live - use energy * Protists are a combination of both unicellular and multicellular organisms - diverse, polyphyletic group of eukaryotic organisms - kingdom of organisms that can reproduce asexually and sexually - major component of plankton * Protists are a very diverse group of eukaryotes that includes several distinct evolutionary lines - also capable of sexual, as well as asexual reproduction, meiosis, and mitosis - both unicellular and eukaryotic - characterized more by their diversity than by their shared characteristics - classified by reproduction, method of obtaining energy, or type of movement - complex cells known as eukaryotes - diverse and have different adaptations for moment and for finding food * Protists are divided into protozoa and algae - unicellular algae and protozoans - essential sources of nutrition for many other organisms - eucaryotic unicellular organisms * Protists are eukaryotes and live in water or in watery tissues of organisms - that like moist areas * Protists are eukaryotes, and most are single-celled - thus have more than one chromosome - organisms with organized nuclei - extremely abundant in their habitats - found almost anywhere there is water - in a class of their own - microscopic organisms that are eukaryotic - microscopic, mostly unicellular organisms * Protists are mostly heterotrophic , which means relying on others for nutrition - microscopic and have no organs or tissues - microscopic, and unicellular organisms - single-celled organisms that have a nucleus * Protists are one celled organisms - of the for kingdoms * Protists are one-celled eukaryotes - organisms that are part of the biological kingdom called the protista - prokaryotes - protozoa which are animal-like that cell walls but are eukaryotic - similar to eubacteria with the exception of notable differences * Protists are single cell eukaryotes found in aquatic environments - celled organisms containing organelles * Protists are single-celled eukaryotes which are organisms with a nucleus - microscopic organisms like amoebae - the major primary producers, primary consumers, and decomposers in aquatic food chains * Protists are the most diverse kingdom of eukaryotic organisms - diversified of all eukaryotes - simplest of eukaryotes - thought to have evolved from a. early viruses - unicellular and are more complex than bacteria or archaea - very different from each other - break down cellulose to glucose, transfer some to symbiotic bacteria, ferment the rest * Protists can be either unicellular or multicellular - quite complex - single celled or - either be free-living or parasitic - grow as fast as, or faster than their phytoplankton prey - reproduce mitotically, and some are capable of meiosis for sexual reproduction - come in many different shapes - constitute the largest biodiversity gap in eukaryotes - contain organelles * Protists exhibit a wide range of forms, locomotion, nutriton and reproduction than bacteria - the most diverse spectrum of structure and life cycles of all known organisms * Protists form important symbiotic relationships with other organisms - large amounts of cellulose - small gametes that fuse together to restore the diploid condition * Protists function as primary producers in many aquatic ecosystems - sources of food for organisms on land and sea - in various ecological niches - grazing on bacteria can promote decomposition, despite decreased bacterial biomass * Protists have contractile vacuoles - features - great reproductive potential and reproduce both by asexual and sexual methods - large genomes often much larger than the human genome - numerous characteristics that allow for grouping - the most varied sexual life histories of the eukaryotes - help land-dwelling animals such as cockroaches and termites digest cellulose * Protists includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - plasma membranes - sections * Protists live in moist locations such as wet soil or bodies of water - termite guts and digest cellulose - make food through photosynthesis just like plants make food through photosynthesis - manufacture oxygen for marine life - obtain energy - occupy many niches for life, especially the plankton - play a key role in marine food chains - represent some of the most diverse branches in the tree of life - represents all symmetries and exhibit all types of nutriton * Protists reproduce both sexually and asexually - by a variety of mechanisms - seem to share certain characteristics even when they are classified into different groups - show the three basic types of sexual life cycles, with some other variants, too * Protists use contractile vacuoles to remove excess water from their cells * Some protist can also be fungi-like. * Some protists are animal-like and are called protozoa - as small as prokaryotes - autotrophs but others are heterotrophs * Some protists are heterotrophs, a group of phyla called the protozoa - some are autotrophs, and others are both - large enough to surround and ingest bacteria and archaea - more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than they are to other protists - photoautotrophs with chloroplasts - unicellular and some are multicellular - can carry out photosynthesis * Some protists cause diseases - malaria - red tide - contain wood - eat algae * Some protists have characteristics of more than one group - one or more flagella, which they rotate or whip * Some protists live in environments - freshwater environments - the gut of termites - within the bodies of animals - make their own food * Some protists move around, while others stay in one place - by changing their cell shape, and some move by means of specilized organnelles - toward light, while others move away - with the help of long, whip-like and fine structures, flagella * Some protists produce cellulose - nutrients - provide nutrients - reproduce asexually by mitosis * Some protists undergo meiosis * Some protists use fission - multiple fission. * Most protists are very small. Some algae are protists, if they are single-celled. Many protists are part of the plankton and are very important for the ecosystem. The cells found in protists may be extremely complex, and are often little understood. It is now possible to do DNA sequencing, and a number of protists have been analysed. The results show that the Protista is not a monophyletic group. * Most protists are very small. Some algae are protists, if they are single-celled. Many protists are part of the plankton and are very important for the ecosystem. The cells found in protists may be extremely complex, and are often little understood. It is now possible to do DNA sequencing, and a number of protists have been analysed. The results show that the Protista is not a monophyletic group. It is paraphyletic, and not a single clade. The taxonomy of the Protista is therefore rather confused + Flagellate * Flagellates' are cells with one or more whip-like organelles called flagella. Some cells in animals may be flagellate, for instance the spermatozoa of most phyla. Higher plants and fungi do not produce flagellate cells, but the closely related green algae and chytrids do. Many protists take the form of single-celled flagellates. They are found in most lines of eukaryotes, and it is likely that all surviving eukaryotes developed from them.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotist: Different protist * gather energy in different ways. * reproduce, produce food and move differently.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotist: Eukaryote protist * have special organelles , and some bacteria also produce light. + Bioluminescence: Physiology :: Biochemistry :: Light sources * Bioluminescence' is the capacity of living things to produce light. Often this is done by symbiosis. In this, the larger organism contains, often in a special organ, microorganisms which make the light. Eukaryote protists have special organelles, and some bacteria also produce light. Bioluminescence is the result of chemical processes, where the energy produced is released as visible light. Bioluminescence has appeared many times during evolution. Hastings J.W. 1983. Heterotrophic protist * Most heterotrophic protists digest food. * play key ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems. * require organic chemicals from their environment. Photosynthetic protist * Most photosynthetic protists use energy. * Some photosynthetic protists have chloroplasts. * are at the base of many food webs. * serve as producers of nutrition for other organisms. Microprotistan * Protistan microorganism * Protistans are a collection of the simplest eukaryotic organisms - unicellular eukaryotes	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Microprotozoan * All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites - get food from their environments * Many protozoans are obligate parasites with complex life cycles involving several organisms - have a wide host range - move about by means of appendages known as cilia or flagella - reproduce both asexually and sexually during their lifetime * Most protozoan can move - protozoans affect animals * Most protozoans are aquatic chemoorganotrophs - heterotrophs oxidizing inorganic compounds - heterotrophs, whereas others are autotrophs * Most protozoans cause diseases - spot diseases - white spot diseases - contain nitrogen - feed on food particles * Most protozoans feed on large food particles * Most protozoans find in clear water * Most protozoans inhabit human intestines * Most protozoans invade mantle tissue - live in environments * Protozoan microorganism. * Protozoans are a diverse group of organisms - group of eukaryotic single-celled organisms - all single-celled and heterotrophic - among the most versatile of all organisms on earth - autotrophic, and algae are heterotrophic - complete, single celled organisms - eukaryotic cells - generally lightly-colored, flexible, motile, heterotrophic cells - heterotrophic protists - microscopic one-celled animals, most of which are harmless - phylums * Protozoans are single celled organisms that sometimes have complex life cycles - with no cell walls or chlorophyll - single-cell, heterotrophic eukaryotes - single-celled organisms that have nuclei and act somewhat like animals - somatic cells - the nnost aninnal-like of the protists * Protozoans are unicellular animals that are motile - organisms that have a true nucleus * Protozoans are unicellular, and can be classified on how they move and live - heterotrophic organisms * Protozoans can exist almost everywhere including water, soil, and inside animals or plants - produce haploid gametes that fuse through syngamy - use flagella, cilia, or pseudopods to move - digest food within food vacuoles - other organisms but also use chlorophyll, so some are a major relative of plants - form cysts when it becomes too cold or too dry - furnish a large amount of food to the higher animals * Protozoans have a variety of reproductive mechanisms - unique organelles and sometimes lack organelles found in other cells - an impact on people in several ways - internal shells that they produce - several special features * Protozoans includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - lips - mouths - plasma membranes - sections * Protozoans inhabit a wide variety of habitats, both aquatic and terrestrial * Protozoans live in environments that vary from soil to the bodies of other organisms - moist environments - move toward moderate light and temperature and food - pose a hazard primarily in areas lacking sanitary conditions * Protozoans reproduce by budding, splitting, or forming spores - splitting into two identical daughter cells like bacteria or algae - sexually and asexually - require a moist environment - show mainly two modes of life, free living and parasitic - use either dissolved food molecules or small organisms for food - usually live near sources of water * Some protozoans also reproduce by budding. * Some protozoans are harmful to man as they can cause serious diseases - so small that they parasitise the cells of the host they inhabit - transmitted to humans - break down wood * Some protozoans cause diarrhea - giardiasises - health problems - infection - lung infection - malaria * Some protozoans cause serious health problems - sickness - sleep sickness - tract infection - find in ponds * Some protozoans have chemicals - contractile vacuoles * Some protozoans have enormous potential - reproductive potential - little or no locomotory activity, such as the apicomplexans - long flagella - no means of movement - phases - types - help cellulose * Some protozoans infect cats - children - dogs * Some protozoans live in intestines - stomachs - move by means of one or more flagella * Some protozoans produce enzymes - infective spores - reproduce sexually as well	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan: Ameba * are chemotactic, attracting neutrophils in the circulation - single-celled organisms that continually change shape and engulf food particles * eat bacteria in the soil. * live in fresh and marine waters and the upper layers of soil. * move by extruding themselves in the direction they want to go. * occur in most aquatic or moist habitats including soil and in symbiosis with other organisms.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotozoan: Amoeba * Most amoebas are harmless. * Most amoebas excrete excess water * Most amoebas have diameters - shapes - live in marine environments, although some freshwater species exist - use binary fission * Some amoeba also reproduce by multiple fission - are parasitic and cause serious illness and even death in humans - amoebas are parasitic * Some amoebas enter contractile vacuoles - noses - feed on algas * Some amoebas find in fresh ponds - live in bottoms - undergo binary fission * also use pseudopods to surround and ingest prey. * appear before fish, and fish before philosophers. * are a type of microbe that decomposes both dead plant and animal marine life - able to reproduce in both ways, depending on environmental variables - amorphous and appear as jelly-like blobs as they move about - asexual - autotrophic, unicellular organisms - capable of reproducing both sexually and asexually - common in warm waters, but swimmers can take precautionary steps to avoid infection - eukaryotes - famous for asexual reproduction in the form of binary fission, or splitting in half - found in ponds and ditches - located in water - more or less the same - protists that cause a range of human diseases - protozoans - shapeless and eat by engulfing their food with their bodies - simple in form consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane - single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually - small single-celled organisms that move using pseudopods - software * can be human parasites and can cause dysentery while inhabiting the small intestine - like firewood, too * digest food. * eat by a process called phagocytosis - so many bacteria that they compete with nematodes for food * feed on bacteria - themselves by trapping food particles in the surrounding water * generally live in fresh water, but some are found in soil or salt water. - one - pseudopodia, or false feet * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections * lives on microscopic organisms or upon the decayed remains of larger plants. * obtain food by capturing their prey with their pseudopodia. * push out part of their cell which pulls the amoeba along. * reproduce asexually by binary fission. * reproduce by splitting in two through the cell division process called mitosis - into two or more individuals of about equal size - the asexual process of binary fission - themselves by dividing into two equal parts - through binary fission - their pseudopodia for mobility and to obtain food	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan: Ciliate * All ciliates also can multiply by a process known as conjugation - have two kinds of nuclei * Many ciliates swim along by beating their cilia in a rhythmic pattern, like so many tiny oars. * Most ciliates are colorless, except for the colored food items they have ingested - free-living forms - unicellular - have both sexual and asexual phases in their life cycles - possess an oral cavity, or cytostome, through which food enters the cell * Some ciliates are voracious carnivores. * Some ciliates cause death - harbor symbiotic bacteria or algae - have vacuoles - possess complexity * Some ciliates undergo binary fission - meiosis * also appear to benefit from sex - engage in phagocytosis * are a group of organisms that are single celled and occur in all aquatic ecosystems - particularly important group of protozoa - relatively homogeneous group of animals, probably monophyletic - able to reproduce through conjugation, in which two cells attach to each other * are also a group of alveolates that are covered with cilia for motion and feeding - more complex in body form than most unicellular eukaryotes - capable of catching bacteria, other protists and phytoplankton - diverse - found mostly in fresh water - much faster than flagellates - protozoans that are covered with cilia * are single-celled eukaryotes with two nuclei - protozoans that can be recognised by their hairlike cilia * are the biggest and use many hair-like cilia to scoot through soil and water - group of protozoans with cilia - largest and move by means of hair like cilia - least numerous of the four animals * are unicellular and have rows of cilia for movement - but have a very complicated cell - protists that can be recognised by their hairlike 'cilia' - very morphologically complex * belong to the alveolate clade. * contain a variety of organelles plus two kinds of nuclei. * eat with their vacuole. * feed on bacteria, on other Protists and on organic detritus - other protists, rotifers and random floor particles * form a community which is very species-rich. * have a gullet and a contractile vacuole which is used to regulate water balance. * have a very complex organization - unique kind of organelle - micronuclei and macronuclei - one or more macronuclei and from one to several micronuclei - toxicysts that they fire at their prey to subdue it - corpi - sections * move by means of cilia - using short hair-like structures called cilia - using tiny hair-like projections called cilia * offer many advantages as a research organism. * often have multiple nuclei, such as a macronucleus and a micronucleus as seen here. * reproduce asexually, by various kinds of fission. * show the rare characteristic of growing two types of nuclei in the stone cell. * swim faster than flagellates. * take in in food by waving their cilia toward a mouth-like opening called cytostome. * use a form of sex called conjugation - small flagella called cilia to move through the water - the hair-like cilia organelles to propel themselves through their environment * use their cilia to sweep food into the gullet organelle to get their food - many tiny cilia, in controlled waves, to propel themselves through the water * usually multiply asexually by fission - reproduce asexually by binary fission	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan \| ciliate: Paramecia * are eukaryotes - heterotrophs - organisms that are able to respond to chemical cues in their environment * have a ciliated oral groove that facilitates the creation of the food vacuole - defense system that they can deploy when attacked or when they feel threatened * have a weapon defense system that they deploy against their enemies - they use to ward off their enemies - anal pores for waste excretion - the ability to sense the environment - two nuclei, a macronucleus and a micronucleus * regulate water by way of contractile vacuoles. * reproduce asexually but can sexually rearrange genetic information. * take in solid food via endocytosis.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotozoan \| ciliate: Paramecium * Most parameciums feed on bacteria - microorganisms * Most parameciums have large nuclei * Most parameciums live in aquatic environments - fresh water * Paramecia live in water bodies such as lakes, puddles, ponds and rivers. * Some paramecium can cause illness if living inside the human body. * Some parameciums have complex types - organelles - use cilia * also reproduces sexually by the process of conjugation. * are a free-living, freshwater genus - capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction - ciliates - good hunters, and stun their prey with explosive darts, called trichocysts - helpful to humans in many ways - heterotrophic and feed on bacteria - known for their avoidance behavior - large enough to be visible to the unaided eye - protozoa, single celled animals - so large that the cells are easily found in bright field without using high contrast - unicellular organism * belongs to the phylum a. cilia. * can engage both in asexual and sexual reproduction. * capture their prey through phagocytosis. * ciliated protozoan * common ciliate seen by students in introductory biology classes. * consume food much like multicellular animals. * feed on microorganisms. * feeds mainly on bacteria * free living ciliate which is found in fresh water. * genus in the class of ciliates. * has flagella and euglena has cilia - more than eight species - the ability to produce offsprings by means of sexual and asexual reproduction - two contractile vacuoles, one at each end, which fill and contract alternately * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - lips - mouths - plasma membranes - sections * is easy to culture and can be studied without specialized laboratory equipment - found in most stagnant pools - large, common, readily available, and easily maintained in the laboratory - prevalent in freshwater, though some species can thrive in marine environment - quite similar to yeast - sensitive to contact with foreign bodies and to chemical substances in the water - the scientific, generic name, and it is used as the common name, as well - very active and is difficult to immobilize * live in aquatic environments, usually in stagnant, warm water * lives in fresh water. * make decisions and do things. * multinucleated protozoan. * predatory microorganism found in the freshwaters. * responds to stimuli either negatively or positively. * shows sexual reproduction through conjugation to exchange their genetic material. * single-celled ciliated protist that lives in ponds. * singled cell organism. * small unicellular organism that is plentiful in freshwater ponds. * surface feeder. * tiny unicellular organism found in water. * typical ciliate. * usually reproduces by the asexual method of binary fission.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan \| ciliated protozoan: Stentor * are ciliates - speakers - usually present in most freshwater ponds * can be very colourful - there are green, blue and amethyst coloured species - come in different colors * eats the organisms that are smaller than it. * is considered to be a type of unicellular organism - like a stalked ciliate - one of the largest cells * reproduce asexually through binary fission. * uses micronucleus for reproduction. * usually inhabit freshwater lakes and streams and prefer to inhabit dim and dark areas. Vorticella * are one of the peritrich protozoa - sensitive to the slightest vibrations and water movements * can employ various survival strategies to overcome adverse conditions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan: Dinoflagellate * Many dinoflagellates are colorless and live as heterotrophs and parasites - colorless, but nonetheless, fall under the rubric of red tides - have a complex life cycle that includes a resting stage * Many dinoflagellates produce defensive trichocysts, often hundreds per cell - strong toxins - use urea as a preferred nitrogen source * Most dinoflagellates are encased in plates of armor - harmless - marine organisms, although some have been found in freshwater environments - quite harmless - single celled autotrophs with two whiplike appendages called flagella - unicellular forms with two flagella - unicellular, but some are colonial * Most dinoflagellates have certain characteristics - identify characteristics - nuclei - rigid cellulose plates and a pair of flagella in perpendicular grooves - reproduce asexually through the process of mitosis * Some dinoflagellates also possess membrane bound kleptoplastids. * Some dinoflagellates are bioluminescent, and others live symbiotically with corals - heterotrophic * Some dinoflagellates can photosynthesize, while others are strictly heterotrophic - produce toxins that are released into seawater - respond repetitively to excitation over a short period - consume the scales of the dead fish as they sink - eat other plants or eat small or large animals - even parasitize other parasitic dinoflagellates - feed on other microorganisms, while others produce energy using photosynthesis - form mutualistic symbioses with cnidarians, animals that build coral reefs * Some dinoflagellates have ability - nutrients - organelles - photosynthetic organelles - responses - roles - similar roles - symbiotic roles - live as floating rounded forms that look like algae - make their own energy from sunlight, like plants * Some dinoflagellates produce blooms or red tides - chemicals - neurotoxins - toxins that are among the most poisonous known - undergo photosynthesis * account for most of the bioluminescence observed in surface waters. * also have cell walls made of cellulose plates that look like armor - produce some of the luminescence sometimes seen in the sea - release a toxin that kills fish * are a group of microscopic one-celled microorganisms - single-celled algae with a nucleus * are also responsible for ciguatera and other shellfish poisonings - toxic algal blooms such as red tides * are another group of golden-brown algae that also have flagella - major group of net phytoplank- ton * are common components of marine and freshwater phytoplankton - organisms in all types of aquatic ecosystems - comparatively large flagellates * are considered to be amongst the most primative of the eukaryotes - protists , with their own division, Dinoflagellata - found in both freshwater and saltwater - key players in aquatic ecosystems - marine protozoans in the class Dinoflagellata - microorganisms that are regarded as algae - mixotrophic microorganisms that can survive with or without light - most typical of warm waters and can reproduce in staggering numbers * are mostly marine - unicellular but some are colonial - motile and swim by two flagella, which are movable protein strands - noteworthy for several reasons - on a circadian rhythm * are photosynthetic creatures surrounded by three separate membranes - protists found in both fresh and salt water - photosynthetic, so the only necessity is light * are primarily asexual in reproduction - primitive single-celled organisms that have two flagella for locomotion - probably more closely related to zooflagellates than to any phylum of the algae - single celled, they mostly live in salt water but some live in fresh water * are the most common sources of bioluminescence at the surface of the ocean - bioluminescence in the surface waters of the ocean - therefore an important source of food in certain ecosystems - unicellular forms with one to three flagellae * are unicellular organisms that have two unequal flagella - which exhibit a great diversity of form - protists which exhibit a great diversity of form * become abundant during the spring and summer. * can also reproduce very quickly when conditions are good. * change form during their life cycle. * color the water in a British Columbia bay. * come in many shapes. * contain a lot of DNA, which explains the large size of the nucleus - chlorophyll as well as carotenoids and red pigments * exist in tumultuous environments in the natural world. * form a major part of primary planktonic production in oceans. * have a flagella and can swim in open waters - relatively large amount of DNA and a large nucleus - armor like dinos and a pair of whips - cell walls that are made out of cellulose - chlorophyll and so can make their own food - glass shells pierced with tiny pores - one or more flagella - two dissimilar flagella * have two flagella of unequal length that are oriented perpendicular to each other - or tails and have skeletons of cellulose - that can be used for movement * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - lips - mouths - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * make a compound that turns the flesh of fish into slime - up part of plankton, a drifting mass of water organisms * move by means of their flagellum - with a flagellum, a whip-like tail * only emit bioluminescence during their night phase. * play an important part in aquatic ecosystems by providing food for other organisms. * produce characteristic lipids and sterols - neurotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning and ciguatera - the toxin, which herbivorous fish consume * require nitrate, phosphate, trace metals, and vitamins. * secrete a compound that turns the flesh of fish into slime. * share both animal and plant traits. * store their energy as oils or polysaccharides. * usually reproduce asexually. + Algae, Life style, Ecology * Some algae may harm other species. Some algae may reproduce a lot, and make an algal bloom. These algae may produce protective toxins which can kill fish in the water. Dinoflagellates secrete a compound that turns the flesh of fish into slime. The algae then consume this nutritious liquid.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan: Euglena * are able to move through aquatic environments by using a large flagellum for locomotion - animal-like protists - interesting because they are a sort of combination of plant and animal - mixotrophs meaning that they are both autotrophs and heterotrophs - most common in organically rich freshwater environments - small organisms in the Protist Kingdom - unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom * live in a variety of aquatic habitats, both freshwater and marine - fresh and brackish water habitats rich in organic matter * make the water appear green.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotozoan: Flagellate * Move about using flagella. * Some flagellates are parasites - eat other protists - manufacture their own food, as do all the green plants * are characterized by having one or more flagella - filter-feeders - protozoans - the smallest and swim using a few whip-like flagella * are the smallest of the protozoa and use a few whip like flagella to move - and use a few whip-like flagella to move - ubiquitous * employ their flagella for both swimming and acquiring food. * have a body shape looking like a hair - long flagella, or tails * possess one advantage over their amoeboid relatives in that they can swim. * reproduce by binary fission. * tend to form colonies today so it makes sense that they did long ago.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotozoan: Foram * also eat bacteria, diatoms, other protozoa and even small animals such as copepods. * are abundant all over the ocean - also pollution indicators in coastal waters - extremely basic fossils - microscopic shell-producing organisms that live in all oceans at all depths - the most diverse and most widely studied of microfossils * construct and inhabit a test of calcium carbonate, organic material, or debris. * have external skeleton of calcium carbonate with psuedopods out of perforations. * provide the clearest and smoothest transitions between species and genera. * take up two kinds, or isotopes, of oxygen to build their shells. ### microprotozoan \| foraminifer: Benthic foraminifer * are generally very rare but become more abundant in two short intervals. * are more common than planktonic ones, which are rare - planktonics, which are rare Planktonic foraminifer * are abundant and well preserved - common to few with good to moderate preservation - variable in preservation and abundance * exhibit glacial to interglacial oscillations throughout. Heliozoan * are spherical and are frequently enveloped by a shell made of silica or organic material. * engulf any organism ranging from picoplankton to copepods. * feed in the same way as amoebas, by engulfing their prey. * live primarily in fresh water. Parasitic protozoan * Most parasitic protozoans cause diseases. * Some parasitic protozoans are transmitted to humans - cause malaria - infect cats * Some parasitic protozoans produce infective spores Pathogenic protozoan * Some pathogenic protozoans cause health problems * Some pathogenic protozoans cause serious health problems	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan: Radiolarian * Most radiolarians are planktonic , and get around by coasting along ocean currents. * are abundant and well preserved in almost all samples examined - also an important component of the phytoplankton , especially in warmer waters - beautiful, microscopic, single-celled animals that built skeletons out of silica - generally rare and show signs of dissolution in almost all samples - of large size as protozoans go - one-celled animals with beautiful, complicated skeletons - planktonic amoebic protistans - tiny protozoans that live exclusively in the ocean * have elaborate skeletons made mostly of silica. * have shells made of silica instead of calcium carbonate - of silica, which produce siliceous oozes in the equatorial regions - such a good fossil record because their silicon skeletons preserve so well * inhabit open water throughout the oceans. * live in large quantities as part of the ocean's plankton. Sporozoan * All sporozoans are parasites. * Many sporozoans causes serious diseases in humans. * Some sporozoans have cilia. * are spore-forming parasites of animals. * cause diseases such as malaria and cryptosporidiosis. * have a com- plex life cycle with sexual and asexual stages - no physical form of movement * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles ### microprotozoan \| sporozoan: Malaria parasite * Most malaria parasites cause infection. * Most malaria parasites have life stages - origins * Most malaria parasites infect mammals - other mammals * Most malaria parasites show different phases - undergo development * Some malaria parasites are resistant to current treatments.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotozoan \| sporozoan: Merozoite * Some merozoites behave as gametes - can divide asexually to produce haploid cells, called gametocytes - develop into macrogametocyte and microgametocyte * are elongate, crescent-shaped, and contain a single, prominent, basophilic nucleus. * burst from the host cell and infect more host cells. * enter either new hepatic cells or RBCs. * entering muscle cells round up to form metrocytes and initiate sarcocyst formation. * infect rbc, divide rapidly, lyse the infected rbc and release many more merozoites - red blood cells * invade red blood cells and continue to reproduce asexually - the blood stream and infect the erythrocytes * mature and burst the cell, releasing metabolic wastes. * penetrate new cells and undergo merogony to form additional meronts.<\|endoftext\|>### microprotozoan \| sporozoan: Sporozoite * are elongate, club shaped, and contain two prominent refractile bodies - each with two refractile globules - formed in the sporocyst by cell division - infectious cells of organism and are able to penetrate host cells and tissues - small cells that lie within the thickwalled resistant spore - vermiform, lying parallel within the sporocyst * develop in the sporocysts, their number depending on the species - within the oocyst and migrate in haemolymph to invade the salivary glands * enter host cells by constructing a unique vacuolar structure - the blood during tick feeding * excyst and invade intestinal cells, become tachyzoites and multiply - from I. felis oocysts in the small intestine - through breaks in the cyst wall and then are termed trophozoites * go to the liver , where they make many more sporozoites. * infect liver cells and mature into schizonts , which rupture and release merozoites. * penetrate epithelial cells, especially along the ileum. + Malaria, Malaria parasite life cycle: Diseases spread by insects :: Parasites :: Apicomplexa * When 'Plasmodium' enters the blood, they are then called 'sporozoites'. Sporozoites go to the liver, where they make many more sporozoites. Then they change into a different form of 'Plasmodium'. This form is the 'merozoite'. The merozoites go into the red blood cells, then they make many more merozoites.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### microprotozoan \| sporozoan: Trophozoite * Some trophozoites invade the wall of the colon and multiply. * are flagellated and can move around freely - the active form of the parasite inside the body * develop into schizonts that contain multiple merozoites - schizonts, which contain multiple merozoites * divide by binary fission within the submucosa. * feed and replicate on the bacterial food source. * grow in host cells and different into schizonts. * have a large nucleus with a large nucleolus - ring or comma shape, with one or two dots of chromatin * stay in the upper small intestinal tract where they actively feed and reproduce. * undergo encystation to produce infective cysts. Trichomonad * also parasitize the human digestive and reproductive tracts. * are actively motile organisms. Zooflagellate * can cause disease through trypanosomes. * contain whip-like flagella. Zoomastigote * are flagellates - protozoans that are unicellular, heterotrophic, and have at least one flagellum - the ancestors to the animal kingdom * contain at least on flagellum. Microscope slide * is an artifact * work well because they are thin. ### microscopes: Optical microscope * Some optical microscopes can magnify objects hundreds of times. * are microscopes. * provide a direct visual thickness measurement. * use visible light to create a magnified image. * work using lens to increase the light reflected of an object. Microscopic organism * Many microscopic organisms are part of the floating plankton in the oceans. * Most microscopic organisms live in environments - water - watery environments - play roles - use sunlight * Some microscopic organisms cause deadly diseases - contain chlorophyll - produce methane * can break it down more easily without oxygen than with oxygen. - every part of the biosphere * show differentiations. * use photosynthesis ### microsurgical procedure: Stapedectomy * Stapedectomies are ablation. * is ablation * is the best management for the conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis - most common surgical intervention for otosclerosis * microsurgical procedure. Midday * Some middays are part of days. * are time of day.<\|endoftext\|>Midnight * Some midnights are part of days - eves - nighttime * are hours - part of nights * contemporary ballet with three lead dancers and a corps of ten dancers. * follow friday noons * has a Scriptural meaning - particular importance in human imagination and culture * is synonymous with munchie time. * is the hour of slumber and silence when an outcry is always startling and unexpected - time when the date changes - witching hour - twelve hours after noon - where the day begins * marks the beginning and ending of each day in civil time throughout the world. * simulated neon sign face, intended for light on dark display. * symbol of the end of the era. * transitional, imaginary moment in time, neither here nor there.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Migration * Most migration depends on climates - improves calf survival * Most migration involves horizontal movement - individuals - occurs in mammals - takes place during the day, and flocks fly low overhead in a V-formation * Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front - correspond to a change in seasons - involve horizontal travel - occur at relatively low altitudes * Much migration is of individuals, rather than families, and based on individual decisions. * Some migration causes death - fevers * Some migration involves flight - long flight - is caused by invasions * Some migration occurs in embryos - old embryos * Some migrations are fatal, with insects carried into deserts, poleward in autumn, and out to sea - take a vertical direction and involve no appreciable horizontal movement * acts to unify gene frequencies between populations. * allows acclimation to the changing salinity - animals the opportunity to take advantage of seasonal resources - birds to take advantage of productive seasons and avoid unproductive seasons * are seasonal movements of wildlife from one habitat to another. * big part of life for all dolphins. * can be wholly within fresh water, or between fresh water and the sea - cause respiratory signs that mimic upper respiratory infections - provide ecological links between different habitats * combination of instinctive and learned behaviors. * complex behavior that involves certain genetically acquired or learned instructions. * contributes to conflict - nonmetro per capita income growth - reductions * critical time for gray whales. * dangerous time for Whooping cranes and other migratory birds. * decreases the ratio of dependency. * depend heavily on sea water temperature. - the economy, welfare, shelter, and transportation available to a society - weather * fuels growth - population growth * given in American myths of identity. * has effects - tradition * have profound economic and social effects that can be observed throughout history. * homogenizes gene frequencies among populations. * huge behavioral adaptation. * increases chances. * involves the fish moving from one part of a water body to another on a regular basis - transformation of archival data from one format to another * is also a deconvolution, but in the space domain as well as the time domain - more difficult to measure than fertility and mortality - believed to be influenced by various neural glycoproteins or fibres - common among the groups inhabiting the Asian countries - condition-dependent in some birds - events - generally for the purposes of feeding and breeding - how bottlenecks arise forcing change - important to maintaining healthy bull trout populations - more than downward continuation of wave fields * is most effective when the water content and permeability of soil are high - evident among birds - motion - nature's classic solution to the problem of over-population, scarcity and competition - necessary to counteract the effects of environmental and demographic extinctions * is often annual and is closely linked with the cyclic pattern of the seasons - annual, and thus is closely linked to the planet's seasonal changes * is one of the fundamental ways societies change through time - great pulses in wildlife cycles - major ties that bind our societies - marvels of the animal world - strategy for escaping the killing temperatures - people - related to the timing of unemployment within a sojourn - seasonal, and movements are determined by retreating or advancing ice - sensitive to economic change and economic opportunity - the instinct that seems to have puzzled students of behavior most - triggered by the length of the day, possibly also the angle of the sun * is usually a seasonal phenomenon - social, and is probably sometimes facilitated by social tradition - very important in the history of the West * is when a group of individuals move from one population to another - an animal moves from one place to another, often from one habitat to another * key aspect of human behavior - component of the impact of environmental change on population - factor in the search for geo-political stability * limits the genetic divergence of populations and so impedes the process of speciation. * major component of population growth in Queensland - force for population change at all spatial scales in England * mass directional movement of large numbers of organisms from one location to another. * means to move from one place to another. * measure of last resort. * mechanism of increasing an organisms fitness. * natural phenomenon. * occur on a workgroup by workgroup basis over a period of time. * occurs during winter. * occurs in early springs * occurs when an animal moves from one environment to another - bass move along a route from from shallow to deep water or vice versa - the band and balloon migrates through the stomach wall into the stomach lumen - within and among countries * often results in occurrences in habitats or locations out of the normal range. * phenomenon as old as humankind - which all metros in the country are facing * plays a big role in the Kalugas early life. * refers to seasonal movements of animals from one area to another - the flow of genes into or out of an isolated population through inbreeding * seasonal movement of an animal. * structural adaptation behavioral adaptation form of communication. * succession of lofty circles with a southward drift. * take place, plants flower or fruit, courting, nesting, mating, and new births take place. * takes places. * very challenging time for birds and it can be a substantial source of mortality.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### migration: Aberrant migration * brings the larvae deep under the skin or in vital organs. * produces ectopic parathyroid glands. Animal migration * Some animal migrations remain mysterious. * is an example of a behavioral adaptation - mystery of nature - one of the many wonders of the world - the traveling of long distances in search of a new habitat Bird migration * Most bird migration has tradition. * appears to be an evolutionarily and ecologically labile trait. * is among the most miraculous and mysterious of natural phenomena - common - the regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of birds Butterfly migration * Most butterfly migration takes places. * are also common. Cell migration * are critical for proper patterning during metazoan development. * basic biological phenomenon and critical factor for morphogenesis. * depends on changes in the cell's internal actin cytoskeleton. * is an important process for organogenesis - in development - essential for metazona development - one of the most prominent processes in animal development * play a critical role in animal development and organogenesis. Data migration * allows data to be moved while it is being used. * occurs when the physical filesystem becomes nearly full. Human migration * contributes to conflict. * occurs when humans move, often seeking work and other human needs. Internal migration * describes moves within a country. * is another key facet of rural-urban interdependence - from rural to urban areas International migration * can have considerable effects upon school systems. * involves movement across a national border. * is projected to remain high during the twenty-first century. * key component of the globalization of economic relations. Net migration * has a significant impact on the size of the state labor force. * is the balance between immigration and emigration over a given time period - difference between all forms of migration into and out of an area * major force of demographic redistribution. Neuronal migration * is retarded in mice lacking the tissue plasminogen activator gene. * proceeds from the germinal matrix to the cortex. Nuclear migration * is essential for normal development in both higher and lower eukaryotes. * occurs in both ways. Seasonal migration * Most seasonal migration occurs in mammals. * are thought to be initiated by changes in light. * major factor in the life of many birds. * occur and appear to be related to spawning and food availability. * revolve primarily around avoidance of deep snow in winter. Shorebird migration * continues apace with most of it apparently passing over - into early fall * continues, with some decline later in the month.<\|endoftext\|>### mild tonic: American ginseng * Most American ginseng is exported to Asian countries. * grows wild in hardwood deciduous forests of the northeastern United States. * is also excellent for cooking - classified as an adaptogen - considered superior for gastrointestinal problems - herbs - more valuable than Asian ginseng, and is grown in Asia also - one of the world's best kept secrets - similar enough to Asian ginseng to chemically have the same effects - suitable for females and young people as well as males and older people - useful as stimulants for brain and memory centers * mild tonic. * shows variations in characteristics, particularly in the roots. * small plant native to the forests of the northern and central United States. Viral pneumonia * Most viral pneumonia causes illnesses - serious illnesses - pneumonias are mild * Some viral pneumonia affects lambs. * can be fatal. * is generally milder than the bacterial form - more variable in course and severity - sometimes a diagnosis of exclusion - treated symptomatically with adequate liquids and bed rest * is usually milder than bacterial pneumonia - very mild but there are exceptions - viral infection - virus infection	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### military occupation forces: Israeli force * are military occupation forces. * storm the Gaza-bound international flotilla in the Mediterranean Sea. This event leads to widespread International condemnation. * enter Jerusalem in the Six-Day War. ### military operations: Military occupation * Most military occupations require the ability to use and understand computer systems. * are military operations. ### military operations \| military occupation: Air mobility * consists of airlift and aerial refueling. * is an article of air power. River crossing * are military operations. * involve wading in knee deep cold water. ### mills: Sugar mill * are mills. * pay farmers on the concentration of sugar in their cane. * use the bagasse as an energy source, to provide heat during the sugar-producing process. Min * includes s - seconds - secs * is unit of time<\|endoftext\|>Mind * All minds assimilate, store and process information in different ways. * Is the cause for man's life, sorrow, joy and liberation as well. * Most minds develop awareness - mental awareness * Most minds have power - thoughts * Some minds generate power - have health outcomes - influence biological instinct - promote whole body health - work off instincts and premonitions, while others tend to be structured and forthright * alone is the means of obtaining salvation. * are both their causal powers, their thoughts and their perceptions - cognition - created by thoughts - indivisible, whereas bodies are infinitely divisible - intangibles - intelligence - like books, they only work when they are open * are like parachutes - they function only when open - only function when open * are like parachutes, they only function when they're open - work when open - notice - part of people - purposes - recalls - such centres risen to consciousness, while matter is their unevolved state - used for thinking * become numb, begging the body to stop. * can shape matter. * contain potential energy. * contribute to development. * control an alternative therapy to drugs. * conventionally refers to human consciousness. * create conditions - ideas - new ideas * creates distortion between perception and experience - matter and mind creates illness and wellness * does control matter and wisdom comes with years - imply a process that lies in the conduct of an individual * exist one to an individual. * exists as a separate self-aware entity, and was spun off from attention. * have mental or semantic contents - rules to protect their existence - visual impressions * identify obvious patterns * integrate realities, values and attitudes. * interact through organized content. * involves theory and rhythm both of which are reducible to pure mathematics. * is as complementary to action as body is to action - essentially mind, whether formed from matter or any other substance - power in voltage * is at the bottom of all life and substance - root of all sensuality - brain-generated neuromagnetic field - common to all, above and below, within and without - evolution at an exponentially increasing rate - knowledge - myth, with all the power of myths - subject and body is object - to the nervous system as rotation is to the wheel * means keeping track of what the brain is doing. * necessarily have semantics. * never become old. * precedes all mental states. * respond to approaches. * seek truth. * works best when the body is still - with thoughts ### mind: Conscious mind * All conscious minds have the same ability to understand anything in existence. * Some conscious minds influence biological instinct. Great mind * talk about ideas, lesser minds about events, and the smallest minds talk about people. * think and talk about ideas.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### mind: Human mind * All human minds work on fundamentally similar principles. * Every human mind is chained to established practice and custom - the repository of past thoughts or samskaras * Most human minds create ideas. * act and react. * are capable of great clarity and intensity of experience - great pattern recognizers - like all complex systems in that they can exhibit a wide range of behaviors * enable symbols to carry meaning, or have content. * find order in chaos by instinct. * have a great capacity for producing ideas - mental contents or semantics * is inferior to divine mind - open to spiritualization * tend to wither and ossify if intellectual curiosity goes unnurtured. Open mind * are capable of complete sentences - healthy minds - the key to learning - tools * can open doors for individuals, families, and communities. * tend to face reality as it is and as it can be - hire open minds and closed minds hire closed minds<\|endoftext\|>Mine * All mines also produce large quantities of waste rock that are usually piled on the surface. * Many mines float so that after heavy rains they are found in unexpected locations. * Most mines also produce some degree of dust and noise pollution. * Most mines cause ecological damage - severe ecological damage * Most mines have a high sulfur content, which produces high sulfur water, which is toxic to fish - large herds of antelope, deer and elk * Most mines occur on cotyledons and the first true leaves * Some mines affect biodiversity - forest biodiversity - are all the way underground * Some mines contain heavy metal - move more air, pound for pound, than they do ore * also kill livestock. * are attacks - blisters in which orange maggots feed - bombs - conventional weapons - excavation - facilities - in a semiarid environments where sediment yield is large and highly variable - inexpensive weapons which are highly effective in the littoral environment * are located in deserts - homes - mountains - man-made by blasting, which fractures and weakens the surrounding rocks * are the begining of the nuclear cycle - greatest violators of international humanitarian law * are used for destruction - explosions - very dangerous places, often more unstable than caves and much more liable to 'bad air' * become more dangerous over time, exploding more easily as they corrode. * buried in farmlands and along roads prevent farming and the transport of food to market. * can also detect targets by the wake they create in the water - collapse or gradually subside, affecting surface and subsurface water flows * cause contact * cause severe damage * change over years. * come in a variety of warhead sizes, from a few hundred to a few thousand lbs. of explosive. * deprive children of the chance to enjoy many of their basic rights. * employ people. * have an average life span of fifty to one hundred years. * includes readsides - sections - shafts * inflict ravaging wounds, usually resulting in traumatic or surgical amputation. * kill and maim parents. * kill, maim and mutilate tens of thousands of innocent civilians every year. * represent environmental and public health hazards. * typically cover approximately half of the surface area of a normal-sized alfalfa leaf. + Battle of the Somme, Mines * Mines are a way to blow up the enemy and really shock the enemy. However these were activated remotely by a defender lighting a very fast burning fuse at the appropriate moment. The British used 10 mines on the first morning of the Battle of Somme to startle and damage the German front line. The holes left by the mines were used by the Germans for machine guns though. ### mine: Antipersonnel mine * are also weapons of terror employed directly against civilians. * have little to no utility against forces mounted in armored vehicles. * kill and maim thousands and thousands of civilians each year.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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