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https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-explosions-k-lauea-16th-18th-centuries
|
# Volcano Watch — Explosions from Kīlauea in the 16th to 18th centuries
Release Date:
How long do explosive periods last at Kīlauea? Early researchers concluded that the Keanakakoi Ash—the rocky deposits on the ground surface around Kīlauea caldera—was formed by many ex-plosions during several centuries ending in A.D. 1790, the known date of a large explosive eruption.
How long do explosive periods last at Kīlauea? Early researchers concluded that the Keanakakoi Ash—the rocky deposits on the ground surface around Kīlauea caldera—was formed by many ex-plosions during several centuries ending in A.D. 1790, the known date of a large explosive eruption.
Workers in the 1970s to mid-1990s disagreed, concluding that the explosions took place for only a few years, perhaps entirely in 1790.
Evidence obtained in the past year forces us to return to the earlier interpretation. This change in thinking is important, for a prolonged period of episodic explosions presents different challenges to the community than one brief disastrous event.
Several layers of vegetation are buried within the Keanakakoi deposits on the windward side of the volcano. They signify enough time between some explosions for pukiawe, hapuu, and other small plants to return. The layers, first noted during the 1920s and 1930s, are visible only in excavations. Pits north and south of Kīlauea Iki, and a cut along Kalanikoa Road in Volcano, expose three plant layers. In the 1920s, Thomas Jaggar described as many as six different layers during construction near the present Visitor Center.
The plant material is preserved as charcoal formed by fires possibly caused by eruptions. We have obtained more than 20 radiocarbon (carbon-14) ages from the different layers of charcoal. The ages range from about A.D. 1500 to 1790, consistent with about 300 years of explosive activity.
Hawaiians built several rock structures south of the caldera at two different times during the explosive period; one was excavated by Park Service archaeologists. Each structure was built on deposits of older explosions and partly covered by deposits of later explosions. The presence of the structures indicates lulls in explosive activity long enough for people to feel they could safely return to the area.
Other evidence argues for significant time between explosions. Water eroded deep channels into the deposits south of the caldera and washed older material away before later explosions deposited more debris. Wind removed sand from the explosion deposits in the Kau Desert and redeposited it in dunes. Six beds of explosive ash are interlayered with the dune sand. Two lava flows were erupted during lulls in explosive activity.
Many living ohia lehua trees south of Kīlauea Iki, and even one near HVO, are too large to have grown entirely after A.D. 1790; one near Kīlauea Iki is probably about 350 years old. If the entire thickness of explosion debris (2 m [yards] or more) had been deposited in 1790, all trees would likely have been killed. This again suggests episodic accumulation of layers over some time.
Cultural evidence likewise suggests a long period of episodic explosive activity. In 1823, Hawaiians told Reverend William Ellis that "in earlier ages [Kīlauea] used to boil up, overflow its banks, and inundate the adjacent country [that is, the caldera had not yet formed]; but that for many kings' reigns past, it had kept below the level of the surrounding plain [the caldera had formed, keeping lava within it]?occasionally throwing up, with violent explosion, huge rocks or red-hot stones." Once "Pele was forced to her volcano" by angry Kamapuaa, who poured water to extinguish the fires; with great effort Pele "drank up the waters" and "finally succeeded in driving Kamapuaa into the sea, whither she followed him with thunder, lightning, and showers of large stones." This is a wonderful account of a steam-driven volcanic explosion before 1790.
The cultural and geologic evidence indicates that Kīlauea caldera formed in the late 15th century and was the source of sporadic explosive eruptions driven by heated groundwater or surface water "for many kings' reigns" before 1790. Will a similar prolonged explosive period follow the next deep caldera collapse?
### Volcano Activity Update
Eruptive activity of Kīlauea Volcano continued unabated during the past week. Lava is erupting from Puu O`o and flowing through a network of tubes from the vent to the sea. Short surface flows emanating from breakouts of the tube system were observed in the upper coastal flats. Lava is entering the ocean near Kamokuna and enlarging the bench. Occasional phreatic activity was observed at the entry. The public is reminded that the ocean-entry area is extremely hazardous, with explosions accompanying unpredictable collapses of the new land. The steam clouds are highly acidic and laced with glass particles.
There were no earthquakes reported felt during the week ending on August 5.
| 2019-12-15T12:28:30 |
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|
https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXXI/Chapter149A/Section11
|
# General Laws
## Section 11 Definition of terms from other laws
Section 11. For purposes of sections 1 to 10, inclusive of this chapter, the following terms as they may appear in other statutory provisions referred to in this chapter shall have the following meanings:
''Awarding authority'', ''contracting authority'', ''contracting body'', or ''public body'', a public agency.
''General contractor'', ''contractor'', or ''contractor principal'', a construction management at risk firm.
''Subcontractor'', a subcontractor and trade contractor except that the term ''subcontractor'' in subsection (3) of section 39F of chapter 30 shall mean a trade contractor pursuant to subsection (a) and a subcontractor pursuant to subsection (j) of section 8.
| 2016-08-28T00:40:08 |
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http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/math.PR/0106036
|
math
(what is this?)
# Title: Basic properties of SLE
Abstract: SLE is a random growth process based on Loewner's equation with driving parameter a one-dimensional Brownian motion running with speed $\kappa$. This process is intimately connected with scaling limits of percolation clusters and with the outer boundary of Brownian motion, and is conjectured to correspond to scaling limits of several other discrete processes in two dimensions.
The present paper attempts a first systematic study of SLE. It is proved that for all $\kappa\ne 8$ the SLE trace is a path; for $\kappa\in[0,4]$ it is a simple path; for $\kappa\in(4,8)$ it is a self-intersecting path; and for $\kappa>8$ it is space-filling.
It is also shown that the Hausdorff dimension of the SLE trace is a.s. at most $1+\kappa/8$ and that the expected number of disks of size $\eps$ needed to cover it inside a bounded set is at least $\eps^{-(1+\kappa/8)+o(1)}$ for $\kappa\in[0,8)$ along some sequence $\eps\to 0$. Similarly, for $\kappa\ge 4$, the Hausdorff dimension of the outer boundary of the SLE hull is a.s. at most $1+2/\kappa$, and the expected number of disks of radius $\eps$ needed to cover it is at least $\eps^{-(1+2/\kappa)+o(1)}$ for a sequence $\eps\to 0$.
Comments: Made several corrections Subjects: Probability (math.PR); Mathematical Physics (math-ph); Complex Variables (math.CV) MSC classes: 60G17; 30C35; 60K35; 60J99 Journal reference: Annals Math. 161 (2005) 879-920 Cite as: arXiv:math/0106036 [math.PR] (or arXiv:math/0106036v4 [math.PR] for this version)
## Submission history
From: Oded Schramm [view email]
[v1] Tue, 5 Jun 2001 22:56:49 GMT (70kb)
[v2] Thu, 13 Mar 2003 23:55:16 GMT (46kb)
[v3] Wed, 17 Sep 2003 19:15:03 GMT (47kb)
[v4] Tue, 20 Jan 2004 16:54:01 GMT (49kb)
| 2014-04-24T00:23:49 |
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https://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=M012M4&home=MXXX005
|
# ${{\boldsymbol \eta}^{\,'}}{{\boldsymbol \pi}}$ MODE INSPIRE search
VALUE (MeV) DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT
$\bf{ 1322 \pm7}$ OUR AVERAGE
$1318$ $\pm8$ ${}^{+3}_{-5}$
2001
B852 18 ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \eta}^{\,'}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit p}}$
$1327.0$ $\pm10.7$
1993
VES 37 ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \eta}^{\,'}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit N}}$
References:
IVANOV 2001
PRL 86 3977 Observation of Exotic Meson Production in the Reaction ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \eta}^{\,'}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 18 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$
BELADIDZE 1993
PL B313 276 Study of ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \eta}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit N}}$ and ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \eta}^{\,'}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit N}}$ Reactions at 37 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$
| 2021-06-19T02:27:50 |
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https://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/exotic/r2a/mumu/lq_munu.html
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Search for Leptoquarks in mu nu jj at CDF with ~200pb¯¹ CDF Collaboration
Contacts Simona Rolli, Dan Ryan, Sun Hao Abstract We report on a search for second generation scalar leptoquarks using 203pb¯¹ of Run II data taken at sqrt(s) = 1960 GeV/c². Leptoquarks are assumed to be pair produced and to decay into a lepton and a quark of the same generation. We focus on the signature represented by one energetic muon, missing energy and two jets and set an upper limit at 95% CL on the production cross section as a function of the mass of the leptoquark. By assuming ß = Br ( LQ \rightarrow \mu q) = 0.5 and using the NLO theoretical estimate we reject the existence of scalar leptoquarks with mass below 170 GeV/c². Introduction Leptoquarks are theoretical particles that couple to leptons and quarks. They are predicted by extensions of and models beyond the Standard Model, e.g. GUT's, Technicolor, SUSY, etc, however the basic premise of leptoquarks is the same regardless of the different theories that predict them. The fact that there are is a symmetry of 3 generations of both quarks and leptons suggests that at higher energies leptons and quarks could be coupled. Leptoquarks would be the mediators of the forces between quarks and leptons. The properties of leptoquarks vary depending on the theory that predicts them. In general, they are color-triplet scalar (spin=0) or vector (spin=1) bosons which carry both baryon and lepton quantum numbers. Their weak isospin and fractional electric charge are model dependent. They can be produced both singley and in pairs. However, due to experimental non-observation of flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) and helicity-supress decays, it is assumed that leptoquarks couple uniquely among the 3 generations of leptons and quarks--hence the term, 1st generation leptoquark, 2nd generation leptoquark, etc. This analysis is a search for pair produced 1st generation scalar leptoquarks decaying 50% to a muon and quark and 50% to missing energy and quark. The experimental signature is thus one isolated high-Pt muon, missing energy and 2 isolated energetic jets. The background contributions are mainly from W+2jets, top, Z + 2 jets and fakes. Production At the Tevatron, leptoquark production is dominated by quark-antiquark annihilation and would be produced mainly in pairs. For scalar leptoquarks, their production cross-section is essentially independent of any parameters other than their mass due to gauge symmetries. In contrast, vector leptoquarks are characterized by 2 anomolous couplings which are real numbers and are related to the anomolous magnetic and electric moments. The scalar leptoquark production cross section has been calculated to NLO(1): Event Selection We require to have events with one tight central muon. We reject events with a second tight/central or loose (stubless) muon. After making a selection of the muon, we require the following kinematic constraints: Pt muon > 25 GeV Et(jet1) > 30 GeV, Et(jet2) > 30 GeV Missing energy > 60 GeV Delta Phi (MET-jet ) > 5 degrees, Delta Phi (MET-muon ) < 175 degrees Et(jet1)+Et(jet2) > 80 GeV Transverse mass e-nu > 120 GeV mass cut around the nominal LQ mass The kinematic acceptances are shown below: Searches We searched for signatures of 1st generation scalar leptoquarks in approximately 200pb¯¹ of data. The number of expected background events from W+2jets, Top, Z + 2 jets and QCD is reported in the table below. We observe a number of events surviving our selection which is consistent with the calculated background and compare the 95% CL cross-section lower limit with the theoretical estimate. We reject the existence of a scalar leptoquark with a mass lower than 170 GeV/c². References (1) Kramar, M. et al, "Pair Production of Scalar Leptoquarks at the TeVatron", Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997), 341 (2 ) Simona Rolli , "Searches for Second Generation Scalar Leptoquarks", CDF Public Note Last modified: Tue Jul 20 2004
| 2020-02-17T09:28:33 |
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|
http://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=S055H2D
|
# MASS LIMITS FOR NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSONS IN EXTENDED HIGGS MODELS
This Section covers models which do not fit into either the Standard Model or its simplest minimal Supersymmetric extension (MSSM), leading to anomalous production rates, or nonstandard final states and branching ratios. In particular, this Section covers limits which may apply to generic two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM), or to special regions of the MSSM parameter space where decays to invisible particles or to photon pairs are dominant (see the review on Status of Higgs Boson Physics''). Concerning the mass limits for ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ listed below, see the footnotes or the comment lines for details on the nature of the models to which the limits apply.
The observed signal at about 125 GeV, see section ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$'', can be interpreted as one of the neutral Higgs bosons of an extended Higgs sector.
# Mass Limits in General two-Higgs-doublet Models INSPIRE search
VALUE (GeV) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
1
2017 AN
ATLS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit t}}}$
2
2017 AX
CMS ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
3
2016 AX
ATLS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}}$
4
2016 P
CMS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$
5
2016 W
CMS ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
6
2016 Z
CMS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ or ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$
7
2015 BK
ATLS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$
8
2015 S
ATLS ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$
9
2015 BB
CMS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
10
2015 N
CMS ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$
11
2014 M
ATLS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\mp}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\mp}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$
12
2014 Q
CMS ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$
13
2009 AR
CDF ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}_{{{1,2}}}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{0}_{{{1,2}}}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$\text{none 1 - 55}$ 95 14
2005 A
OPAL ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$, Type II model
$> 110.6$ 95 15
2005 D
DLPH ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ 2 jets
16
2004 O
DLPH ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit f}}{{\overline{\mathit f}}}{{\mathit H}}$
17
2004 O
DLPH ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$
18
2002 D
OPAL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit H}}$
$\text{none 1 - 44}$ 95 19
2001 E
OPAL ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$, Type-II model
$>68.0$ 95 20
1999 E
OPAL tan $\beta >1$
21
1995 H
DLPH ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}^{*}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$
22
1992
RVUE Very light Higgs
1 AABOUD 2017AN search for production of a heavy ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ and/or ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit t}}}$ in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 3 and Table III for excluded parameter regions in Type II Two-Higgs-Doublet-Models.
2 SIRUNYAN 2017AX search for ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ production followed by the decay ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. Limits are set in the range ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ = $25 - 60$ GeV. See their Fig. 5 for upper limits on ${\mathit \sigma (}$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{)}\cdot{}$B( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ ).
3 AAD 2016AX search for production of a heavy ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ state decaying to ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}}$ in the final states ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}$ , ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ , and ${{\mathit \nu}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}{{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Figs. 13 and 14 for excluded parameter regions in Type I and II models.
4 KHACHATRYAN 2016P search for gluon fusion production of an ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ and an ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 11 for limits on tan $\beta$ for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ = $230 - 350$ GeV.
5 KHACHATRYAN 2016W search for ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ production followed by the decay ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for upper limits on $\sigma$( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ )$\cdot{}$B( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ ).
6 KHACHATRYAN 2016Z search for ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ followed by ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ or ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ , and ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ followed by ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ or ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ , in 19.8 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for cross section limits and Fig. 5 for excluded region in the parameter space.
7 AAD 2015BK search for production of a heavy ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ in the final state ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ in 19.5 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Figs. $15 - 18$ for excluded regions in the parameter space.
8 AAD 2015S search for production of ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ , ${{\mathit \nu}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ and ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for excluded regions in the parameter space.
9 KHACHATRYAN 2015BB search for ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ in 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for excluded regions in the two-Higgs-doublet model parameter space.
10 KHACHATRYAN 2015N search for production of ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit Z}}$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ in 19.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for excluded regions in the tan $\beta$ $−$ cos $(\beta −\alpha )$ plane for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ = 300 GeV.
11 AAD 2014M search for the decay cascade ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\mp}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\mp}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Table IV for limits in a two-Higgs-doublet model for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}}$= $325 - 1025$ GeV and ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{+}}}$= $225 - 825$ GeV.
12 KHACHATRYAN 2014Q search for ${{\mathit H}_{{2}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ in 19.5 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for ${{\mathit m}}_{{{\mathit H}_{{2}}},{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$= $260 - 360$ GeV and their Figs. $7 - 9$ for limits in two-Higgs-doublet models.
13 AALTONEN 2009AR search for Higgs bosons decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in two doublet models in 1.8 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 1.96 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for the limit on $\sigma \cdot{}$B( ${{\mathit H}^{0}_{{{1,2}}}}$ / ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ ) for different Higgs masses, and see their Fig. 3 for the excluded region in the MSSM parameter space.
14 ABBIENDI 2005A search for ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ in general Type-II two-doublet models, with decays ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$, ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ , ${{\mathit g}}{{\mathit g}}$ , ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ , and ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ .
15 ABDALLAH 2005D search for ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}}$ and ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ with ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$, ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decaying to two jets of any flavor including ${{\mathit g}}{{\mathit g}}$ . The limit is for SM ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production cross section with B( ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$ ) = 1.
16 ABDALLAH 2004O search for ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ , ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}{{\mathit H}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ in the final states 4 ${{\mathit b}}$ , ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ , and 4 ${{\mathit \tau}}$ . See paper for limits on Yukawa couplings.
17 ABDALLAH 2004O search for ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}}$ and ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ , with ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$, ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ , ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ , or ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = $189 - 208$ GeV. See paper for limits on couplings.
18 ABBIENDI 2002D search for ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ with ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$ /${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ , in the range 4$<{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}}}<$12 GeV. See their Fig.$~$8 for limits on the Yukawa coupling.
19 ABBIENDI 2001E search for neutral Higgs bosons in general Type-II two-doublet models, at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}{}\leq{}$189 GeV. In addition to usual final states, the decays ${{\mathit H}_{{1}}^{0}}$, ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ , ${{\mathit g}}{{\mathit g}}$ are searched for. See their Figs.$~$15,16 for excluded regions.
20 ABBIENDI 1999E search for ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit H}^{0}}{{\mathit Z}}$ at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 183 GeV. The limit is with ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}}}={\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}}}$ in general two Higgs-doublet models. See their Fig.$~$18 for the exclusion limit in the ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}}}-{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}}}$ plane. Updates the results of ACKERSTAFF 1998S.
21 See Fig.$~$4 of ABREU 1995H for the excluded region in the ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{0}}}–{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ plane for general two-doublet models. For tan $\beta >$1, the region ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{0}}}+{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }$87 GeV, ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{0}}}<$47 GeV is excluded at 95$\%$ CL.
22 PICH 1992 analyse ${{\mathit H}^{0}}$ with ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{0}}}<$ 2${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \mu}}}$ in general two-doublet models. Excluded regions in the space of mass-mixing angles from LEP, beam dump, and ${{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}$, ${{\mathit \eta}}$ rare decays are shown in Figs.$~$3,4. The considered mass region is not totally excluded.
References:
AABOUD 2017AN
PRL 119 191803 Search for Heavy Higgs Bosons ${{\mathit A}}/{{\mathit H}}$ Decaying to a Top Quark Pair in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
SIRUNYAN 2017AX
JHEP 1711 010 Search for a Light Pseudoscalar Higgs Boson Produced in Association with Bottom Quarks in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
EPJ C76 45 Search for an Additional, Heavy Higgs Boson in the ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Decay Channel at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collision Data with the ATLAS Detector
KHACHATRYAN 2016Z
PL B759 369 Search for Neutral Resonances Decaying into a ${{\mathit Z}}$ Boson and a Pair of ${\mathit {\mathit b}}$ Jets or tau Leptons
KHACHATRYAN 2016P
PL B755 217 Searches for a Heavy Scalar Boson ${{\mathit H}}$ Decaying to a Pair of 125 GeV Higgs Bosons ${{\mathit h}}{{\mathit h}}$ or for a Heavy Pseudoscalar Boson ${{\mathit A}}$ Decaying to ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit h}}$, in the Final States with ${{\mathit h}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
KHACHATRYAN 2016W
PL B758 296 Search for a Low-Mass Pseudoscalar Higgs Boson Produced in Association with a ${\mathit {\mathit b}}{\mathit {\overline{\mathit b}}}$ Pair in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
EPJ C75 412 Search for Higgs Boson Pair Production in the ${\mathit {\mathit b}}{\mathit {\overline{\mathit b}}}{\mathit {\mathit b}}{\mathit {\overline{\mathit b}}}$ Final State from ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
PL B744 163 Search for a $\mathit CP$-odd Higgs Boson Decaying to $\mathit Zh$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
KHACHATRYAN 2015BB
PL B750 494 Search for Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range from 150 to 850 GeV in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
KHACHATRYAN 2015N
PL B748 221 Search for a Pseudoscalar Boson Decaying into a ${{\mathit Z}}$ Boson and the 125 GeV Higgs Boson in ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}{\mathit {\mathit b}}{\mathit {\overline{\mathit b}}}$ Final States
PR D89 032002 Search for a Multi-Higgs-Boson Cascade in ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}{\mathit {\mathit b}}{\mathit {\overline{\mathit b}}}$ Events with the ATLAS Detector in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
KHACHATRYAN 2014Q
PR D90 112013 Searches for Heavy Higgs Bosons in Two-Higgs-Doublet Models and for t $\rightarrow$ ch Decay using Multilepton and Diphoton Final States in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at 8 TeV
AALTONEN 2009AR
PRL 103 201801 Search for Higgs Bosons Predicted in Two-Higgs-Doublet Models via Decays to Tau Lepton Pairs in 1.96 TeV ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions
ABBIENDI 2005A
EPJ C40 317 Flavour-Independent $\mathit h{}^{0}\mathit A{}^{0}$ Search and Two Higgs Doublet Model Interpretation of Neutral Higgs Boson Searches at LEP
ABDALLAH 2005D
EPJ C44 147 Flavour Independent Searches for Hadronically Decaying Neutral Higgs Bosons
ABDALLAH 2004O
EPJ C38 1 Searches for Neutral Higgs Bosons in Extended Models
ABBIENDI 2002D
EPJ C23 397 Search for Yukawa Production of a Light Neutral Higgs Boson at LEP
ABBIENDI 2001E
EPJ C18 425 Two Higgs Doublet Model and Model Independent Interpretation of Neutral Higgs Boson Searches
ABBIENDI 1999E
EPJ C7 407 Search for Higgs Bosons in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at 183 GeV
ABREU 1995H
ZPHY C67 69 Search for Heavy Neutral Higgs Bosons in Two Doublet Models
PICH 1992
NP B388 31 Bounds on a Light Scalar in Two Higgs Doublet Models
ACKERSTAFF 1998S
EPJ C5 19 A Search for Neutral Higgs Bosons in the MSSM and Models with Two Scalar Field Doublets
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https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Apelinovsky.dmitry-e
|
# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Pelinovsky, Dmitry Efimovich
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Author ID: pelinovsky.dmitry-e Published as: Pelinovsky, D.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Pelinovsky, Dimitry; Pelinovsky, Dmitri E.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E. Homepage: https://dmpeli.math.mcmaster.ca/ External Links: MGP · Math-Net.Ru · Wikidata · ORCID · ResearchGate · dblp
Documents Indexed: 204 Publications since 1994, including 4 Books Reviewing Activity: 114 Reviews
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
18 single-authored 18 Kevrekidis, Panayotis G. 12 Schneider, Guido 11 Grimshaw, Roger Hamilton James 8 Yang, Jianke 6 Chugunova, Marina A. 5 Cuccagna, Scipio 5 Sakovich, Anton 5 Shimabukuro, Yusuke 5 Sulem, Catherine 4 Barashenkov, Igor V. 4 Contreras, Andres A. 4 Kairzhan, Adilbek 4 Khusnutdinova, Karima Robertovna 4 Rothos, Vassilis M. 4 Stefanov, Atanas G. 3 Chen, Jinbing 3 Dohnal, Tomáš 3 Gallo, Clément 3 Geyer, Anna 3 Ibragimov, Ranis N. 3 James, Guillaume 3 Kivshar, Yuri S. 3 Pelinovsky, Efim 3 Stepanyants, Yury A. 2 Alexeeva, Nora V. 2 Bizoń, Piotr 2 Champneys, Alan R. 2 Chernyavskiĭ, Aleksandr Grigor’evich 2 Chong, Christopher 2 Coles, Matt 2 Comech, Andrew 2 Deconinck, Bernard 2 Fokas, Athanassios S. 2 Foster, Jamie M. 2 Frantzeskakis, Dimitri J. 2 Gallay, Thierry 2 Gorshkov, Konstantin A. 2 Grasselli, Matheus R. 2 Huh, Hyungjin 2 Hunik-Kostyra, Dominika 2 Kirr, E. W. 2 Konotop, Vladimir V. 2 Liu, Yue 2 Marzuola, Jeremy L. 2 Melvin, Thomas R. O. 2 Mizumachi, Tetsu 2 Noja, Diego 2 Saalmann, Aaron 2 Tyugin, Dmitry Y. 2 Vougalter, Vitali 2 Zezyulin, Dmitry A. 2 Zharnitsky, Vadim 1 Abdelrazec, Ahmed 1 Afanasjev, Vsevolod V. 1 Agueev, Dmitri 1 Alama, Stan 1 Alekseenko, Sergey N. 1 Alfimov, Georgiĭ Leonidovich 1 Belmonte-Beitia, Juan 1 Betti, Matthew 1 Bronsard, Lia 1 Buryak, Alexander V. 1 Carles, Rémi 1 Carter, John D. 1 Cuevas Maraver, Jesús 1 Destyl, Edès 1 Desyatnikov, Anton S. 1 Dontsova, Marina Vladimirovna 1 Dubard, Philippe 1 Dumas, Éric 1 Fukuizumi, Reika 1 Galkin, V. M. 1 García-Azpeitia, Carlos 1 Gilg, Steffen 1 Goodman, Roy H. 1 Gysbers, P. 1 Haragus, Mariana 1 Hupkes, Hermen Jan 1 Hussain, Swaleh 1 Iooss, Gérard 1 Johnson, Edward R. 1 Joshi, Nalini 1 Kalisch, Henrik 1 Khan, Amjad 1 King, John Robert 1 Kirillov, Oleg N. 1 Klaus, Martin 1 Kodama, Yuji 1 Korobeinikov, A. S. 1 Kurkina, O. E. 1 Lakoba, Taras I. 1 Lambert, Franklin 1 Le, Uyen 1 Li, Jin 1 Loris, Ignace 1 Lukas, Mike 1 Lustri, Christopher J. 1 MacKay, Robert Sinclair 1 Malomed, Boris A. 1 Marangell, Robert ...and 35 more Co-Authors
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#### Serials
19 Physica D 13 Nonlinearity 10 Journal of Mathematical Physics 10 Studies in Applied Mathematics 9 Journal of Differential Equations 7 SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 7 SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems 7 Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 6 Journal of Nonlinear Science 6 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 5 Chaos 4 Applicable Analysis 4 Communications in Mathematical Physics 4 Physics Letters. A 4 Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 4 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 3 Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 3 Letters in Mathematical Physics 3 Wave Motion 3 Applied Mathematics Letters 3 SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 3 Dynamics of Partial Differential Equations 2 Inverse Problems 2 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 2 ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 2 Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 2 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 2 Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 2 IMRN. International Mathematics Research Notices 2 Communications in Partial Differential Equations 2 Physics of Fluids 2 NoDEA. Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications 2 AMRX. Applied Mathematics Research eXpress 2 Oberwolfach Reports 2 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S 2 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 1 Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 1 International Journal of Theoretical Physics 1 Journal of Engineering Mathematics 1 Journal of Fluid Mechanics 1 Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 1 Reviews in Mathematical Physics 1 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 1 SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 1 Asymptotic Analysis 1 Linear Algebra and its Applications 1 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section A. Mathematics 1 Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations 1 Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations 1 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 1 Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics 1 Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 1 Annales Henri Poincaré 1 Physical Review Letters 1 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B 1 Milan Journal of Mathematics 1 Communications in Mathematical Sciences 1 Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 1 London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series 1 RIMS Kôkyûroku Bessatsu 1 Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 1 Mechanical Engineering and Solid Mechanics Series
all top 5
#### Fields
170 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 92 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 26 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 26 Quantum theory (81-XX) 23 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 15 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 14 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 13 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 11 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 8 Operator theory (47-XX) 4 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 4 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 3 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 3 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 1 Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX) 1 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH
167 Publications have been cited 1,427 times in 839 Documents Cited by Year
Spectra of positive and negative energies in the linearized NLS problem. Zbl 1064.35181
Cuccagna, S.; Pelinovsky, D.; Vougalter, V.
2005
Convergence of Petviashvili’s iteration method for numerical approximation of stationary solutions of nonlinear wave equations. Zbl 1086.65098
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Stepanyants, Yury A.
2004
Wave breaking in the short-pulse equation. Zbl 1190.35061
Liu, Yue; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2009
Bifurcations and stability of standing waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the tadpole graph. Zbl 1328.35216
Noja, Diego; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Shaikhova, Gaukhar
2015
Global well-posedness of the short-pulse and sine-Gordon equations in energy space. Zbl 1204.35010
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2010
Stability of discrete solitons in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices. Zbl 1088.39004
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.; Frantzeskakis, D. J.
2005
Localization in periodic potentials. From Schrödinger operators to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Zbl 1229.35003
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2011
Wave breaking in the Ostrovsky-Hunter equation. Zbl 1217.35143
Liu, Yue; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2010
Purely nonlinear instability of standing waves with minimal energy. Zbl 1072.35165
Comech, Andrew; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2003
Ground state on the dumbbell graph. Zbl 1345.35105
Marzuola, Jeremy L.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Convergence of the Adomian decomposition method for initial-value problems. Zbl 1250.65089
Abdelrazec, Ahmed; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Interaction of lumps with a line soliton for the DSII equation. Zbl 0977.35132
Fokas, A. S.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Sulem, C.
2001
Symmetry-breaking bifurcation in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with symmetric potentials. Zbl 1235.34128
Kirr, E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
2011
Inertia law for spectral stability of solitary waves in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Zbl 1145.37333
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2005
Bifurcations of standing localized waves on periodic graphs. Zbl 1387.35556
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2017
Structural transformation of eigenvalues for a perturbed algebraic soliton potential. Zbl 1043.35522
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Grimshaw, Roger H. J.
1997
Survey on global existence in the nonlinear Dirac equations in one spatial dimension. Zbl 1236.35136
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Persistence and stability of discrete vortices in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices. Zbl 1088.39005
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.; Frantzeskakis, D. J.
2005
Generation of large-amplitude solitons in the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation. Zbl 1080.35532
Grimshaw, Roger; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Pelinovsky, Efim; Slunyaev, Alexey
2002
Global existence of small-norm solutions in the reduced Ostrovsky equation. Zbl 1277.35008
Grimshaw, Roger; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
Bounds on the tight-binding approximation for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a periodic potential. Zbl 1186.35207
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2010
Block-diagonalization of the symmetric first-order coupled-mode system. Zbl 1102.35062
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2006
Count of eigenvalues in the generalized eigenvalue problem. Zbl 1310.35212
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2010
On the exchange of energy in coupled Klein — Gordon equations. Zbl 1163.74380
Khusnutdinova, K. R.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
2003
On the spectral theory and dispersive estimates for a discrete Schrödinger equation in one dimension. Zbl 1159.81336
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Stefanov, A.
2008
Justification of the lattice equation for a nonlinear elliptic problem with a periodic potential. Zbl 1162.47059
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido; MacKay, Robert S.
2008
Bifurcations of travelling wave solutions in the discrete NLS equations. Zbl 1086.34059
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Rothos, Vassilis M.
2005
Wave group dynamics in weakly nonlinear long-wave models. Zbl 1006.76012
Grimshaw, Roger; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Pelinovsky, Efim; Talipova, Tatiana
2001
The structure of the rational solutions to the Boussinesq equation. Zbl 0900.35341
Galkin, V. M.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Stepanyants, Yu. A.
1995
A normal form for nonlinear resonance of embedded solitons. Zbl 1056.35137
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Yang, Jianke
2002
The asymptotic stability of solitons in the cubic NLS equation on the line. Zbl 06297951
Cuccagna, Scipio; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2014
Asymptotic stability of small gap solitons in nonlinear Dirac equations. Zbl 1279.35083
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Stefanov, Atanas
2012
Translationally invariant nonlinear Schrödinger lattices. Zbl 1111.39014
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2006
Internal modes of envelope solitons. Zbl 0934.35175
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Kivshar, Yuri S.; Afanasjev, Vsevolod V.
1998
Orbital stability of Dirac solitons. Zbl 1292.35256
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2014
Normal form for the symmetry-breaking bifurcation in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1251.35153
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Phan, T. V.
2012
Propagation failure in the discrete Nagumo equation. Zbl 1235.34034
Hupkes, H. J.; Pelinovsky, D.; Sandstede, B.
2011
Validity of the NLS approximation for periodic quantum graphs. Zbl 1367.35156
Gilg, Steffen; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2016
Domain walls in the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Zbl 1308.35261
Alama, Stan; Bronsard, Lia; Contreras, Andres; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2015
Multi-site breathers in Klein-Gordon lattices: stability, resonances and bifurcations. Zbl 1323.37044
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2012
Coupled-mode equations and gap solitons in a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a separable periodic potential. Zbl 1177.35216
Dohnal, Tomáš; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2009
Justification of the coupled-mode approximation for a nonlinear elliptic problem with a periodic potential. Zbl 1132.41344
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2007
Rational solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy and the dynamics of their poles. I: New form of a general rational solution. Zbl 0817.35097
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
1994
Nonlinear instability of half-solitons on star graphs. Zbl 1392.35289
2018
The derivative NLS equation: global existence with solitons. Zbl 1386.35311
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Saalmann, Aaron; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2017
$$L^{2}$$ orbital stability of Dirac solitons in the massive Thirring model. Zbl 1342.35287
Contreras, Andres; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2016
Nonlinear stationary states in PT-symmetric lattices. Zbl 1284.34017
Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Tyugin, Dmitry
2013
On the Thomas-Fermi ground state in a harmonic potential. Zbl 1225.35217
Gallo, Clément; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Asymptotic stability of small bound states in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1197.35270
Kevrekidis, P. G.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Stefanov, A.
2009
Transverse instabilities of deep-water solitary waves. Zbl 1149.76627
Deconinck, Bernard; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Carter, John D.
2006
Rogue periodic waves of the modified KdV equation. Zbl 1393.35201
Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2018
Dimer with gain and loss: integrability and $$\mathcal{PT}$$-symmetry restoration. Zbl 1329.35275
Barashenkov, I. V.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Dubard, P.
2015
Periodic traveling waves in diatomic granular chains. Zbl 1405.34016
Betti, Matthew; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2013
Rigorous justification of the short-pulse equation. Zbl 1268.35089
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2013
Bäcklund transformation and $$L^{2}$$-stability of NLS solitons. Zbl 1239.35148
Mizumachi, Tetsu; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
Two-pulse solutions in the fifth-order KdV equation: rigorous theory and numerical approximations. Zbl 1132.35452
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2007
Parametric resonance of ground states in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1081.35101
Cuccagna, S.; Kirr, E.; Pelinovsky, D.
2006
Instabilities of multihump vector solitons in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Zbl 1145.35461
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Yang, Jianke
2005
Bifurcations from the endpoints of the essential spectrum in the linearized nonlinear Schrödinger problem. Zbl 1110.35082
Cuccagna, Scipio; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2005
Modeling of wave resonances in low-contrast photonic crystals. Zbl 1074.78011
Agueev, Dmitri; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2005
An asymptotic approach to solitary wave instability and critical collapse in long-wave KdV-type evolution equations. Zbl 0885.35112
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Grimshaw, Roger H. J.
1996
Orbital stability in the cubic defocusing NLS equation. I: Cnoidal periodic waves. Zbl 1326.35340
Gallay, Thierry; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2015
Gaussian solitary waves and compactons in Fermi-pasta-Ulam lattices with Hertzian potentials. Zbl 1371.37130
James, Guillaume; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
On the validity of the variational approximation in discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Zbl 1252.35247
Chong, Christopher; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Schneider, Guido
2012
Variational approximations of bifurcations of asymmetric solitons in cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger lattices. Zbl 1213.35369
Chong, Christopher; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Internal modes of discrete solitons near the anti-continuum limit of the dNLS equation. Zbl 1234.37051
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2011
Spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator associated with the periodic heat equation. Zbl 1167.35025
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2008
Normal form for travelling kinks in discrete Klein-Gordon lattices. Zbl 1102.37045
Iooss, Gerard; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2006
Rogue periodic waves of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1402.35256
Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2018
Spectral stability of shifted states on star graphs. Zbl 1397.35278
2018
Orbital stability of periodic waves in the class of reduced Ostrovsky equations. Zbl 1355.35017
Johnson, Edward R.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Short-wave transverse instabilities of line solitons of the two-dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1301.35156
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Rouvinskaya, E. A.; Kurkina, O. E.; Deconinck, B.
2014
Nonlinear modes in a generalized $$\mathcal{PT}$$-symmetric discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1297.35220
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Zezyulin, D. A.; Konotop, V. V.
2014
Nonlinear dynamics in PT-symmetric lattices. Zbl 1284.35402
Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Tyugin, Dmitry Y.
2013
Variational approximations of trapped vortices in the large-density limit. Zbl 1216.35145
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2011
Evans function for Lax operators with algebraically decaying potentials. Zbl 1117.35070
Klaus, Martin; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Rothos, Vassilis M.
2006
Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for a scalar Riemann-Hilbert problem associated to inverse scattering. Zbl 0964.37044
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Sulem, Catherine
2000
Dynamics of the parametrically driven NLS solitons beyond the onset of the oscillatory instability. Zbl 0916.35107
Alexeeva, N. V.; Barashenkov, I. V.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
1999
Rational solutions of the KP hierarchy and the dynamics of their poles. II: Construction of the degenerate polynomial solutions. Zbl 0927.37048
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
1998
Sharp bounds on enstrophy growth in the viscous Burgers equation. Zbl 1371.35255
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
Effects of rotation on stability of viscous stationary flows on a spherical surface. Zbl 1308.76298
Ibragimov, Ranis N.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2010
Excited states in the large density limit: a variational approach. Zbl 1197.35264
Coles, M. P.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2010
Incompressible viscous fluid flows in a thin spherical shell. Zbl 1162.76347
Ibragimov, Ranis N.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2009
Dark solitons in external potentials. Zbl 1157.35089
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
2008
Eigenvalues of zero energy in the linearized NLS problem. Zbl 1112.35140
Vougalter, Vitali; Pelinovsky, Dimitry
2006
Travelling kinks in discrete $$\phi^4$$ models. Zbl 1101.82008
Oxtoby, O. F.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Barashenkov, I. V.
2006
Nonlinearity management in higher dimensions. Zbl 1274.35361
Kevrekidis, P. G.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Stefanov, A.
2006
Semi-stability of embedded solitons in the general fifth-order KdV equation. Zbl 1163.74446
Tan, Yu; Yang, Jianke; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2002
Nonlocal models for envelope waves in a stratified fluid. Zbl 0878.35091
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Grimshaw, Roger H. J.
1996
A spectral transform for the intermediate nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 0845.35119
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Grimshaw, Roger H. J.
1995
Existence of global solutions to the derivative NLS equation with the inverse scattering transform method. Zbl 1410.35212
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2018
Bifurcations of multi-vortex configurations in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. Zbl 1382.35264
García-Azpeitia, C.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
2017
Stability of multi-solitons in the cubic NLS equation. Zbl 1298.35190
Contreras, Andres; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
Bifurcations of asymmetric vortices in symmetric harmonic traps. Zbl 1270.35069
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
2013
On quadratic eigenvalue problems arising in stability of discrete vortices. Zbl 1176.15010
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2009
Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction algorithm for three-dimensional discrete vortices. Zbl 1147.35097
Lukas, Mike; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2008
Nonlinear instability of a critical traveling wave in the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation. Zbl 1136.35077
Comech, Andrew; Cuccagna, Scipio; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2007
Stability analysis of embedded solitons in the generalized third-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1144.37398
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Yang, Jianke
2005
Spectral stability and time evolution of $$N$$-solitons in the KdV hierarchy. Zbl 1080.35120
Kodama, Yuji; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2005
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
1998
Stationary states of the cubic conformal flow on $$\mathbb{S}^3$$. Zbl 1441.37082
Bizoń, Piotr; Hunik-Kostyra, Dominika; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2020
Ground state of the conformal flow on $$\mathbb{S}^3$$. Zbl 1417.58021
Bizoń, Piotr; Hunik-Kostyra, Dominika; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2019
Drift of spectrally stable shifted states on star graphs. Zbl 1435.35401
Kairzhan, Adilbek; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Goodman, Roy H.
2019
Linear instability and uniqueness of the peaked periodic wave in the reduced Ostrovsky equation. Zbl 1412.35031
Geyer, Anna; Pelinovsky, D.
2019
Periodic travelling waves of the modified KdV equation and rogue waves on the periodic background. Zbl 1427.35226
Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2019
Nonexistence of self-similar blowup for the nonlinear Dirac equations in $$(1+1)$$ dimensions. Zbl 1417.35154
Huh, Hyungjin; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2019
Nonlinear instability of half-solitons on star graphs. Zbl 1392.35289
2018
Rogue periodic waves of the modified KdV equation. Zbl 1393.35201
Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2018
Rogue periodic waves of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1402.35256
Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2018
Spectral stability of shifted states on star graphs. Zbl 1397.35278
2018
Existence of global solutions to the derivative NLS equation with the inverse scattering transform method. Zbl 1410.35212
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2018
Helical solitons in vector modified Korteweg-de Vries equations. Zbl 1404.35395
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Stepanyants, Yury A.
2018
Bifurcations of standing localized waves on periodic graphs. Zbl 1387.35556
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2017
The derivative NLS equation: global existence with solitons. Zbl 1386.35311
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Saalmann, Aaron; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2017
Bifurcations of multi-vortex configurations in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. Zbl 1382.35264
García-Azpeitia, C.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
2017
Spectral stability of periodic waves in the generalized reduced Ostrovsky equation. Zbl 1373.35041
Geyer, Anna; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2017
Counting unstable eigenvalues in Hamiltonian spectral problems via commuting operators. Zbl 06751151
Haragus, Mariana; Li, Jin; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2017
Long-time stability of small FPU solitary waves. Zbl 1364.37153
2017
Global solutions to the shallow water system with a method of an additional argument. Zbl 1375.35354
Alekseenko, Sergey N.; Dontsova, Marina V.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2017
Ground state on the dumbbell graph. Zbl 1345.35105
Marzuola, Jeremy L.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Validity of the NLS approximation for periodic quantum graphs. Zbl 1367.35156
Gilg, Steffen; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2016
$$L^{2}$$ orbital stability of Dirac solitons in the massive Thirring model. Zbl 1342.35287
Contreras, Andres; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2016
Orbital stability of periodic waves in the class of reduced Ostrovsky equations. Zbl 1355.35017
Johnson, Edward R.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Long-time stability of breathers in Hamiltonian $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal {T}$$-symmetric lattices. Zbl 1355.82021
Chernyavsky, Alexander; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Nonlinear instabilities of multi-site breathers in Klein-Gordon lattices. Zbl 1353.34014
Cuevas-Maraver, Jesús; Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Approximation of small-amplitude weakly coupled oscillators by discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Zbl 1347.37123
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Penati, Tiziano; Paleari, Simone
2016
Transverse instability of line solitary waves in massive Dirac equations. Zbl 1334.35266
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2016
Self-similar solutions for reversing interfaces in the slow diffusion equation with strong absorption. Zbl 1361.35078
Foster, Jamie M.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2016
Bifurcations and stability of standing waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the tadpole graph. Zbl 1328.35216
Noja, Diego; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Shaikhova, Gaukhar
2015
Domain walls in the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Zbl 1308.35261
Alama, Stan; Bronsard, Lia; Contreras, Andres; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2015
Dimer with gain and loss: integrability and $$\mathcal{PT}$$-symmetry restoration. Zbl 1329.35275
Barashenkov, I. V.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Dubard, P.
2015
Orbital stability in the cubic defocusing NLS equation. I: Cnoidal periodic waves. Zbl 1326.35340
Gallay, Thierry; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2015
Persistence of the Thomas-Fermi approximation for ground states of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation supported by the nonlinear confinement. Zbl 1315.35179
Malomed, Boris A.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2015
Orbital stability in the cubic defocusing NLS equation. II: The black soliton. Zbl 1311.35282
Gallay, Thierry; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2015
Global existence of solutions to coupled $$\mathcal{PT}$$-symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Zbl 1329.81206
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Zezyulin, Dmitry A.; Konotop, Vladimir V.
2015
On numerical modelling and the blow-up behavior of contact lines with a $$180°$$ contact angle. Zbl 1360.74152
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Xu, Chengzhu
2015
Global existence of small-norm solutions in the reduced Ostrovsky equation. Zbl 1277.35008
Grimshaw, Roger; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
The asymptotic stability of solitons in the cubic NLS equation on the line. Zbl 06297951
Cuccagna, Scipio; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2014
Orbital stability of Dirac solitons. Zbl 1292.35256
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Shimabukuro, Yusuke
2014
Gaussian solitary waves and compactons in Fermi-pasta-Ulam lattices with Hertzian potentials. Zbl 1371.37130
James, Guillaume; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
Short-wave transverse instabilities of line solitons of the two-dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1301.35156
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Rouvinskaya, E. A.; Kurkina, O. E.; Deconinck, B.
2014
Nonlinear modes in a generalized $$\mathcal{PT}$$-symmetric discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1297.35220
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Zezyulin, D. A.; Konotop, V. V.
2014
Stability of multi-solitons in the cubic NLS equation. Zbl 1298.35190
Contreras, Andres; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
Justification of the log-KdV equation in granular chains: the case of precompression. Zbl 1317.34020
Dumas, Eric; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
On the orbital stability of Gaussian solitary waves in the log-KdV equation. Zbl 1319.35215
Carles, Rémi; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
Validity of the weakly nonlinear solution of the Cauchy problem for the Boussinesq-type equation. Zbl 1297.35187
Khusnutdinova, K. R.; Moore, K. R.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
2014
On the Thomas-Fermi approximation of the ground state in a $$\mathcal{P}T$$-symmetric confining potential. Zbl 1311.35283
Gallo, Clément; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2014
Justification of a nonlinear Schrödinger model for laser beams in photopolymers. Zbl 1296.35175
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Ponomarev, Dmitry
2014
Nonlinear stationary states in PT-symmetric lattices. Zbl 1284.34017
Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Tyugin, Dmitry
2013
Periodic traveling waves in diatomic granular chains. Zbl 1405.34016
Betti, Matthew; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2013
Rigorous justification of the short-pulse equation. Zbl 1268.35089
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2013
Nonlinear dynamics in PT-symmetric lattices. Zbl 1284.35402
Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Tyugin, Dmitry Y.
2013
Bifurcations of asymmetric vortices in symmetric harmonic traps. Zbl 1270.35069
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
2013
On transverse stability of discrete line solitons. Zbl 1287.35083
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Yang, Jianke
2013
Asymptotic stability of small gap solitons in nonlinear Dirac equations. Zbl 1279.35083
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Stefanov, Atanas
2012
Normal form for the symmetry-breaking bifurcation in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1251.35153
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Phan, T. V.
2012
Multi-site breathers in Klein-Gordon lattices: stability, resonances and bifurcations. Zbl 1323.37044
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2012
Bäcklund transformation and $$L^{2}$$-stability of NLS solitons. Zbl 1239.35148
Mizumachi, Tetsu; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
On the validity of the variational approximation in discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Zbl 1252.35247
Chong, Christopher; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Schneider, Guido
2012
Sharp bounds on enstrophy growth in the viscous Burgers equation. Zbl 1371.35255
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
Enstrophy growth in the viscous Burgers equation. Zbl 1410.35180
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
On the asymptotic stability of localized modes in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1260.37047
Mizumachi, Tetsu; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
Polychromatic solitary waves in a periodic and nonlinear Maxwell system. Zbl 1251.78010
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Simpson, Gideon; Weinstein, Michael I.
2012
Loops of energy bands for Bloch waves in optical lattices. Zbl 1251.35166
Coles, Matt; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2012
Localization in periodic potentials. From Schrödinger operators to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Zbl 1229.35003
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2011
Convergence of the Adomian decomposition method for initial-value problems. Zbl 1250.65089
Abdelrazec, Ahmed; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Symmetry-breaking bifurcation in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with symmetric potentials. Zbl 1235.34128
Kirr, E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.; Pelinovsky, D. E.
2011
Survey on global existence in the nonlinear Dirac equations in one spatial dimension. Zbl 1236.35136
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Propagation failure in the discrete Nagumo equation. Zbl 1235.34034
Hupkes, H. J.; Pelinovsky, D.; Sandstede, B.
2011
On the Thomas-Fermi ground state in a harmonic potential. Zbl 1225.35217
Gallo, Clément; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Variational approximations of bifurcations of asymmetric solitons in cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger lattices. Zbl 1213.35369
Chong, Christopher; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Internal modes of discrete solitons near the anti-continuum limit of the dNLS equation. Zbl 1234.37051
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2011
Variational approximations of trapped vortices in the large-density limit. Zbl 1216.35145
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2011
Traveling monotonic fronts in the discrete Nagumo equation. Zbl 1222.34014
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2011
Global well-posedness of the short-pulse and sine-Gordon equations in energy space. Zbl 1204.35010
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2010
Wave breaking in the Ostrovsky-Hunter equation. Zbl 1217.35143
Liu, Yue; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2010
Bounds on the tight-binding approximation for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a periodic potential. Zbl 1186.35207
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2010
Count of eigenvalues in the generalized eigenvalue problem. Zbl 1310.35212
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2010
Effects of rotation on stability of viscous stationary flows on a spherical surface. Zbl 1308.76298
Ibragimov, Ranis N.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2010
Excited states in the large density limit: a variational approach. Zbl 1197.35264
Coles, M. P.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2010
Bifurcation of gap solitons in periodic potentials with a periodic sign-varying nonlinearity coefficient. Zbl 1194.35397
Belmonte-Beitia, Juan; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2010
Homogenization of the variable-speed wave equation. Zbl 1231.76242
Grimshaw, Roger; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Pelinovsky, Efim
2010
Asymptotic properties of excited states in the Thomas-Fermi limit. Zbl 1194.81097
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2010
Wave breaking in the short-pulse equation. Zbl 1190.35061
Liu, Yue; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Sakovich, Anton
2009
Coupled-mode equations and gap solitons in a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a separable periodic potential. Zbl 1177.35216
Dohnal, Tomáš; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido
2009
Asymptotic stability of small bound states in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Zbl 1197.35270
Kevrekidis, P. G.; Pelinovsky, D. E.; Stefanov, A.
2009
Incompressible viscous fluid flows in a thin spherical shell. Zbl 1162.76347
Ibragimov, Ranis N.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2009
On quadratic eigenvalue problems arising in stability of discrete vortices. Zbl 1176.15010
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2009
Discrete traveling solitons in the Salerno model. Zbl 1171.34041
Melvin, Thomas R. O.; Champneys, Alan R.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2009
Eigenvalues of a nonlinear ground state in the Thomas-Fermi approximation. Zbl 1173.82005
Gallo, Clément; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2009
On the spectral theory and dispersive estimates for a discrete Schrödinger equation in one dimension. Zbl 1159.81336
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Stefanov, A.
2008
Justification of the lattice equation for a nonlinear elliptic problem with a periodic potential. Zbl 1162.47059
Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Schneider, Guido; MacKay, Robert S.
2008
Spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator associated with the periodic heat equation. Zbl 1167.35025
Chugunova, Marina; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2008
Dark solitons in external potentials. Zbl 1157.35089
Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.; Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
2008
Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction algorithm for three-dimensional discrete vortices. Zbl 1147.35097
Lukas, Mike; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2008
Periodic oscillations of discrete NLS solitons in the presence of diffraction management. Zbl 1155.35457
Panayotaros, Panayotis; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2008
Surface gap solitons at a nonlinearity interface. Zbl 1165.35443
Dohnal, Tomáš; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2008
Stability of discrete dark solitons in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices. Zbl 1144.39008
Pelinovsky, D. E.; Kevrekidis, P. G.
2008
Three-dimensional gravity waves in a channel of variable depth. Zbl 1221.76045
Ibragimov, Ranis N.; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
2008
Numerical mathematics. Zbl 1217.65001
Grasselli, Matheus; Pelinovsky, Dmitry
2008
...and 67 more Documents
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#### Cited by 1,049 Authors
97 Pelinovsky, Dmitry Efimovich 34 Kevrekidis, Panayotis G. 23 Cuccagna, Scipio 19 Malomed, Boris A. 19 Yang, Jianke 17 Grimshaw, Roger Hamilton James 13 Coclite, Giuseppe Maria 13 Kapitula, Todd M. 11 Di Ruvo, Lorenzo 11 Dohnal, Tomáš 11 Duan, Junsheng 11 Schneider, Guido 11 Wazwaz, Abdul-Majid Abdul-Rahman 10 Dovetta, Simone 10 Maeda, Masaya 10 Rach, Randolph C. 10 Sourdis, Christos 9 Adami, Riccardo 9 Dutykh, Denys 9 Ibragimov, Ranis N. 9 Lakoba, Taras I. 9 Pelinovsky, Efim 9 Stefanov, Atanas G. 9 Vougalter, Vitali 8 Cuevas Maraver, Jesús 8 Muñoz, Claudio 8 Volpert, Vitaly A. 7 Comech, Andrew 7 Frantzeskakis, Dimitri J. 7 Marzuola, Jeremy L. 7 Sacchetti, Andrea 7 Serra, Enrico 6 Aftalion, Amandine 6 Alejo, Miguel A. 6 Alfimov, Georgiĭ Leonidovich 6 Carretero-González, Ricardo 6 Contreras, Andres A. 6 Duran, Angel 6 Goodman, Roy H. 6 He, Jingsong 6 Noja, Diego 6 Paleari, Simone 6 Penati, Tiziano 6 Stepanyants, Yury A. 6 Sulem, Catherine 6 Susanto, Hadi 6 Talipova, Tatiana 5 Chen, Jinbing 5 Chow, Kwok Wing 5 Chugunova, Marina A. 5 Clamond, Didier 5 Deconinck, Bernard 5 Geng, Xianguo 5 Guo, Yujin 5 Hupkes, Hermen Jan 5 Khusnutdinova, Karima Robertovna 5 Natali, Fábio M. Amorin 5 Nixon, Sean D. 5 Ohta, Masahito 5 Panayotaros, Panayotis 5 Sandstede, Björn 5 Simpson, Gideon 5 Stanislavova, Milena 5 Tentarelli, Lorenzo 5 Tilli, Paolo 4 Ablowitz, Mark Jay 4 Angulo Pava, Jaime 4 Belmonte-Beitia, Juan 4 Cacciapuoti, Claudio 4 Champneys, Alan R. 4 Clarkson, Peter A. 4 Feng, Baofeng 4 Fokas, Athanassios S. 4 García-Azpeitia, Carlos 4 Hayashi, Nakao 4 Hoseini, Seyed Mohammad 4 Huh, Hyungjin 4 Kairzhan, Adilbek 4 Li, Ruomeng 4 Ma, Wen-Xiu 4 Mitsotakis, Dimitrios E. 4 Naumkin, Pavel Ivanovich 4 Pankov, Alexander A. 4 Perry, Peter A. 4 Plum, Michael 4 Protas, Bartosz 4 Van Vleck, Erik S. 4 Weinstein, Michael I. 4 Yin, Zhaoyang 4 Yoshimura, Kazuyuki 4 Zezyulin, Dmitry A. 4 Zhu, Zuonong 3 Akylas, T. R. 3 Alama, Stan 3 Alexeeva, Nora V. 3 Alonso-Mallo, Isaías 3 Bambusi, Dario 3 Barashenkov, Igor V. 3 Borisov, Denis Ivanovich 3 Boussaid, Nabile ...and 949 more Authors
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#### Cited in 164 Serials
67 Physica D 46 Journal of Differential Equations 35 Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 Studies in Applied Mathematics 25 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 22 Communications in Mathematical Physics 22 Chaos 19 SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 18 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 18 Journal of Nonlinear Science 18 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 17 Wave Motion 16 Applied Mathematics and Computation 16 Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 13 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 12 Journal of Computational Physics 12 Nonlinear Dynamics 11 Nonlinearity 11 Applied Mathematics Letters 10 Journal of Fluid Mechanics 10 Physics Letters. A 10 Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire 9 Applicable Analysis 9 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 9 Journal of Functional Analysis 9 Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 9 SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems 8 Letters in Mathematical Physics 8 Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 7 Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 7 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 7 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 7 SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 7 Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations 7 Physics of Fluids 7 Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 6 ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 6 Reviews in Mathematical Physics 6 NoDEA. Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications 6 Milan Journal of Mathematics 6 Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 6 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 5 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 5 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 5 Nonlinear Analysis. Real World Applications 5 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B 5 Analysis and Mathematical Physics 4 Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 4 International Journal of Theoretical Physics 4 Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations 4 Abstract and Applied Analysis 4 Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics 4 Symmetry 3 Journal of Statistical Physics 3 Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 3 Advances in Mathematics 3 Journal of the American Mathematical Society 3 Journal of Scientific Computing 3 Communications in Partial Differential Equations 3 International Journal of Computer Mathematics 3 Linear Algebra and its Applications 3 International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering 3 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 3 Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 3 Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3 Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 3 Annales Henri Poincaré 3 Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 3 Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 3 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S 3 Evolution Equations and Control Theory 2 Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 2 Journal d’Analyse Mathématique 2 Journal of Engineering Mathematics 2 BIT 2 Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 2 Applied Numerical Mathematics 2 Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 2 Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics 2 Numerical Algorithms 2 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section A. Mathematics 2 Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics 2 Complexity 2 Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry 2 Journal of Modern Optics 2 The ANZIAM Journal 2 Comptes Rendus. Mathématique. Académie des Sciences, Paris 2 Advances in Mathematical Physics 2 International Journal of Differential Equations 1 International Journal of Modern Physics B 1 Astrophysics and Space Science 1 Computers and Fluids 1 Computer Physics Communications 1 Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Mathematics 1 Mathematical Notes 1 Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 1 Russian Mathematical Surveys 1 Mathematics of Computation 1 Journal of Geometry and Physics 1 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta ...and 64 more Serials
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#### Cited in 41 Fields
672 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 220 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 101 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 98 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 95 Quantum theory (81-XX) 93 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 62 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 59 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 41 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 38 Operator theory (47-XX) 27 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 24 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 21 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 13 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 12 Integral equations (45-XX) 12 Geophysics (86-XX) 8 Special functions (33-XX) 7 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 7 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 7 Functional analysis (46-XX) 6 Differential geometry (53-XX) 6 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 3 Combinatorics (05-XX) 3 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 2 Measure and integration (28-XX) 2 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 2 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 2 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 2 Computer science (68-XX) 2 Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX) 2 Astronomy and astrophysics (85-XX) 2 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 2 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 2 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Nonassociative rings and algebras (17-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Potential theory (31-XX) 1 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX) 1 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX)
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| 2021-01-25T18:10:03 |
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http://gams.cam.nist.gov/18.21
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# §18.21 Hahn Class: Interrelations
## §18.21(i) Dualities
### ¶ Duality of Hahn and Dual Hahn
For the dual Hahn polynomial see §18.25.
## §18.21(ii) Limit Relations and Special Cases
### ¶ Meixner–Pollaczek Laguerre
A graphical representation of limits in §§18.7(iii), 18.21(ii), and 18.26(ii) is provided by the Askey scheme depicted in Figure 18.21.1.
Figure 18.21.1: Askey scheme. The number of free real parameters is zero for Hermite polynomials. It increases by one for each row ascended in the scheme, culminating with four free real parameters for the Wilson and Racah polynomials. (This is with the convention that the real and imaginary parts of the parameters are counted separately in the case of the continuous Hahn polynomials.)
| 2013-05-20T07:55:23 |
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http://www.wipp.energy.gov/library/CRA/2009_CRA/CRA/Section_34/Section_34.htm
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Title 40 CFR Part 191
Subparts B and C
Compliance Recertification
Application
for the
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
Results of Performance Assessments
(40
CFR § 194.34)
## Acronyms and Abbreviations
CARD Compliance Application Review Document
CCA Compliance Certification Application
CCDF complementary cumulative distribution function
CPR cellulose, plastic, and rubber
CRA Compliance Recertification Application
DBR direct brine release
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
LHS Latin hypercube sampling
PA performance assessment
PABC Performance Assessment Baseline Calculation
PAVT Performance Assessment Verification Test
WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
# 34.0 Results of Performance Assessments (40 CFR § 194.34)
## 34.1 Requirements
§ 194.34 Results of Performance Assessments (a) The results of performance assessments shall be assembled into complementary, cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) that represent the probability of exceeding various levels of cumulative release caused by all significant processes and events. (b) Probability distributions for uncertain disposal system parameter values used in performance assessments shall be developed and documented in any compliance application. (c) Computational techniques, which draw random samples from across the entire range of the probability distributions developed pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, shall be used in generating CCDFs and shall be documented in any compliance application. (d) The number of CCDFs generated shall be large enough such that, at cumulative releases of 1 and 10, the maximum CCDF generated exceeds the 99th percentile of the population of CCDFs with at least a 0.95 probability. Values of cumulative release shall be calculated according to Note 6 of Table 1, Appendix A of Part 191 of this chapter. (e) Any compliance application shall display the full range of CCDFs generated. (f) Any compliance application shall provide information which demonstrates that there is at least a 95 percent level of statistical confidence that the mean of the population of CCDFs meets the containment requirements of 40 CFR 191.13.
## 34.2 40 CFR § 194.34(a)
### 34.2.1 Background
The radioactive waste disposal regulations of 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1993) include containment requirements for radionuclides. The containment requirements of 40 CFR § 191.13 specify that releases from a disposal system to the accessible environment must not exceed the release limits set forth in Part 191 Appendix A, Table 1. Assessment of the likelihood that the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) will meet the release limits is conducted through a process known as a performance assessment (PA). The WIPP PA consists of a series of computer simulations that model the physical attributes of the repository (site, geology, waste forms and quantities, engineered features) in a manner that captures the expected behaviors and interactions among its various components over the 10,000-year regulatory time frame.
The PA must consider all significant processes and events that may affect the disposal system (see Section 32 of this application), and it must be structured and conducted in a way that (1) demonstrates an adequate understanding of the physical conditions at the disposal system and its surroundings and (2) shows that the future performance of the system can be predicted with reasonable assurance. In addition, it must include simulations for both undisturbed conditions and human intrusion scenarios. The results of the PA are used to demonstrate compliance with the containment requirements of section 191.13.
The containment requirements place limits on the likelihood of radionuclide releases from a disposal system. A radionuclide release to the accessible environment is defined in terms of the location of the release and its magnitude. Any release of radionuclides to the ground surface, atmosphere, or surface water is considered a release to the accessible environment. In addition, any subsurface transport of radionuclides beyond the boundary of the WIPP controlled area is also considered a release to the accessible environment.
The results of the WIPP PA are required to be expressed as complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs). A CCDF indicates the probability of exceeding various levels of cumulative release. The CCDFs must be generated using random sampling techniques that draw upon the full range of values established for each uncertain parameter.
### 34.2.2 1998 Certification Decision
To meet the requirements of 40 CFR § 194.34(a) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expected the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to demonstrate that
1. The results of the PA were assembled into CCDFs.
2. The CCDFs represent the probability of exceeding various levels of cumulative release caused by all significant processes and events.
3. All significant processes and events that may affect the repository during the 10,000-year period after closure have been incorporated into the CCDFs presented.
The EPA reviewed the features, events, and processes for WIPP and the construction of the CCDFs for the Compliance Certification Application (CCA) (U.S. Department of Energy 1996). The EPA concluded that the DOE appropriately captured the significant processes and events that could occur during the regulatory period in the CCDFs and thus complied with the requirements of section 194.34(a).
A complete description of the EPA’s 1998 Certification Decision for section 194.34(a) can be obtained from Compliance Application Review Document (CARD) 34, Section 34.A.6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a).
### 34.2.3 Changes in the CRA-2004
The DOE developed CCDFs for the 2004 Compliance Recertification Application (CRA-2004) (U.S. Department of Energy 2004) using the same methodology as used for the CCA and the CCA Performance Assessment Verification Test (PAVT); the only changes were in the values of some parameters and modeling assumptions. See the CRA-2004, Chapter 6.0, Table 6-1.
The DOE used selected computer codes and input parameters to generate estimates of radionuclides for a large number of scenarios. In total, 300 CCDFs (100 for each of the 3 replicates) were constructed and presented in the CRA-2004 Performance Assessment Baseline Calculation (PABC) Report (Leigh et al. 2005) for total normalized releases. Three hundred realizations were needed to satisfy the criteria of 40 CFR § 194.34(d). Normalized release results for 10,000 simulations of possible futures were used to calculate each of the 300 CCDF curves. In addition, the DOE provided CCDFs for individual pathways.
### 34.2.4 EPA’s Evaluation of Compliance for the 2004 Recertification
The EPA’s analysis concluded that the DOE adequately presented the PA results in CCDFs, which show the probability of exceeding various levels of cumulative releases (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006a, Section 12.0).
Based on a review and evaluation of the CRA-2004 and supplemental information provided by the DOE, the EPA determined that the DOE continued to comply with the requirements for section 194.34(a) (see CARD 34, Section Recertification Decision [194.34(a)], U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
### 34.2.5 Changes or New Information Since the 2004 Recertification
There are changes in the CRA-2009 related to parameter updates, error corrections, and code improvements made since the CRA-2004 decision (see Appendix PA-2009, Section PA-2.1.1 for more details). The DOE developed CCDFs for the CRA-2009 using the same sampling process and CCDF computational technique as in the CCA and the CRA-2004 (see the CCA, Chapter 6.0, Section 6.1).
In total, 300 CCDFs (100 for each of the 3 replicates) for total normalized releases were constructed and presented in Appendix PA-2009 (Figure 34-1). All of the 300 CCDFs lie below the limit of cumulative releases as defined in the containment requirements of section 191.13. Thus, the DOE continues to demonstrate compliance with the provisions of section 194.34(a).
Figure 34-1. 300 CCDFs for Total Normalized Releases: CRA-2009 PA (from Figure 6-6 in Clayton et al. [2008])
## 34.3 40 CFR § 194.34(b)
### 34.3.1 Background
There is uncertainty associated with many of the parameters used in PA. 40 CFR § 194.34(b) addresses the need for the uncertain parameters to be sampled from a probability distribution (e.g., uniform, normal, etc.) that has been appropriately documented and justified.
### 34.3.2 1998 Certification Decision
To meet the criteria in section 194.34(b), the EPA expected the DOE to
1. Discuss the sources used and the methods by which each of the probability distributions was developed (e.g., experimental data, field data, etc.)
2. Identify the functional form of the probability distribution (e.g., uniform, lognormal) used for the sampled parameters
3. Describe the statistics of each probability distribution, including the values for lower and upper ranges, mean (geometric mean when appropriate), and median
4. Identify the importance of the sampled parameters to the final releases
5. Demonstrate that the data used to develop the input parameter probability distribution were qualified and controlled in accordance with 40 CFR § 194.22
Upon reviewing the DOE’s parameters, the EPA found that the DOE adequately documented the probability distributions in the CCA, Appendix PAR. In addition, the DOE discussed the data and method used to create the probability distribution of each of the 57 sampled variables. The DOE provided general information on probability distributions, data sources for parameter distribution, forms of distributions, bounds, and importance of parameters to releases. The EPA identified inconsistencies with some of the parameter values and probability distributions, but these were resolved for the CCA PAVT the EPA required the DOE to conduct (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998b, Section 5.0).
A complete description of the EPA’s 1998 Certification Decision for section 194.34(b) can be obtained from the CARD 34, Section 34.B.5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a).
### 34.3.3 Changes in the CRA-2004
There were some changes in parameter values and probability distributions in the CRA-2004 PA from the CCA PAVT. Many of these changes are related to inventory changes, but some are related to modeling assumption changes (see Leigh et al. 2005, Section 2.0). However, the basic process the DOE used to develop the parameter information and sample the parameters did not change from the CCA methodology.
The DOE documented its selection of parameters and probability distributions for the key parameters in the CRA-2004, Chapter 6.0 and Appendix PA, Attachment PAR; the CRA-2004 PABC report (Leigh et al. 2005); and associated references. The CRA-2004 PABC sampled 56 parameters whose values were obtained through random sampling in the PA (Kirchner 2005). There were changes to several of the parameters from the CRA-2004 PA for the CRA-2004 PABC (Leigh et al. 2005). The ultimate goal of parameter sampling was to capture uncertainties in the parameters and show their effects on the CCDFs, which the DOE discussed in the CRA-2004, Chapter 6.0, Sections 6.4 and 6.5 and in the CRA-2004 PABC report (see Leigh et al. 2005, Section 2.9).
### 34.3.4 EPA’s Evaluation of Compliance for the 2004 Recertification
The EPA reviewed the DOE’s parameter selection and probability distributions in several technical support documents related to computer codes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006c and 2006d), parameters (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006e, 2006f, and 2006g), and chemistry (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006a, 2006f, and 2006g). The EPA found that the DOE adequately documented the probability distributions. In addition, the DOE discussed the data and method used to create the probability distribution of each sampled variable.
Based on a review and evaluation of the CRA-2004 and supplemental information provided by the DOE, the EPA determined that the DOE continued to comply with the requirements for section 194.34(b) (see CARD 34, Section Recertification Decision [194.34(b)]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
### 34.3.5 Changes or New Information Since the 2004 Recertification
Although 15 parameters were modified and 90 were added (Fox 2008, Table 6), the process that the DOE used to develop the parameter information and sample the parameters did not change from the EPA-approved CCA methodology (see Fox 2008 for parameter sample distribution information). Thus, the DOE continues to demonstrate compliance with provision of section 194.34(b).
## 34.4 40 CFR § 194.34(c)
### 34.4.1 Background
The intent of 40 CFR § 194.34(c) is to ensure that the sampled parameters were appropriately selected for use in PA.
### 34.4.2 1998 Certification Decision
To demonstrate compliance with section 194.34(c), the EPA expected the DOE to do the following:
1. Discuss the computational techniques used for random sampling
2. Demonstrate that sampling occurred across the entire range of each parameter
The EPA agreed it was appropriate to use the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method for the 57 sampled parameters described in the CCA, Appendix PAR. The CCDFGF code also sampled stochastic variables with Monte Carlo sampling for each realization. The EPA concluded that the DOE adequately discussed the computational techniques and sampling ranges.
A complete description of the EPA’s 1998 Certification Decision for section 194.34(c) can be obtained from CARD 34, Section 34.C.5; (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a).
### 34.4.3 Changes in the CRA-2004
In the CRA-2004, the DOE used the same LHS methodology for sampling uncertain parameters as in the CCA. There was no change in the methodology.
### 34.4.4 EPA’s Evaluation of Compliance for the 2004 Recertification
The EPA determined during the CCA review that the LHS method ensures parameter values will be selected from the entire range of the probability distributions because LHS stratifies the probability distributions into a number (100, in this case) of equal-probability regions and then samples one value from each region. The EPA noted that the LHS method is appropriate for generating random samples (CARD 34, Section 34.C.5; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a). The DOE used the same approach in the CRA-2004.
Based on a review and evaluation of the CRA-2004 and supplemental information provided by the DOE, the EPA determined that the DOE continued to comply with the criteria for section 194.34(c) (see CARD 34, Section Recertification Decision [194.34(c)]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
### 34.4.5 Changes or New Information Since the 2004 Recertification
In the CRA-2009, the DOE uses the same LHS methodology for sampling uncertain parameters as in the CCA and CRA-2004. There is no change in the methodology. Thus, the DOE continues to demonstrate compliance with provisions of section 194.34(c).
## 34.5 40 CFR § 194.34(d)
### 34.5.1 Background
The intent of 40 CFR § 194.34(d) is to ensure that PA modeling appropriately sampled uncertain parameters and that future scenarios were appropriately used in PA.
### 34.5.2 1998 Certification Decision
To demonstrate compliance with section 194.34(d), the EPA expected the DOE to do the following:
1. Identify the number of CCDFs generated
2. Discuss how the DOE determined the number of CCDFs to be generated
3. List the probabilities of exceeding cumulative releases of 1 and 10 for each CCDF generated
4. Demonstrate that the maximum CCDF generated, at cumulative normalized releases of 1 and 10, exceeds the 99th percentile with at least a 0.95 probability, including examples of calculations
The EPA found the analysis presented in the CCA, Chapter 8.0, sufficient to show that 298 CCDF curves would satisfy the statistical criterion. The EPA’s independent analysis also verified that the 300 CCDF curves computed and presented in the CCA were sufficient (CARD 34, Section 34.D.5; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a). The DOE correctly interpreted the definition of the 99th percentile value, and applied standard mathematical expressions for deriving the probability of an outcome of multiple events (i.e., the generation of multiple CCDF curves). The probabilistic analysis was found to be appropriate for sampling with the LHS method, which achieves better coverage than nonstratified random sampling of parameter ranges.
A complete description of the EPA’s 1998 Certification Decision for section 194.34(d) can be obtained from the CARD 34, Section 34.D.5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a).
### 34.5.3 Changes in the CRA-2004
In the CRA-2004, the DOE used the same methodology as in the CCA to generate 300 CCDFs in three sets (replicates) of 100. There was no change in the methodology.
### 34.5.4 EPA’s Evaluation of Compliance for the 2004 Recertification
The EPA noted that the DOE generated 3 sets of 100 CCDFs each and discussed the statistical confidence levels based on the entire set of CCDFs. Based on the analysis in the CCA and the fact that the DOE used the same approach in the CRA-2004, the EPA concurred with the DOE’s CRA-2004 analyses.
Based on a review and evaluation of the CRA-2004 and supplemental information provided by the DOE, the EPA determined that the DOE continued to comply with the requirements for section 194.34(d) (see CARD 34, Section Recertification Decision [194.34(d)]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
### 34.5.5 Changes or New Information Since the 2004 Recertification
In the CRA-2009, the DOE is using the same methodology as in the CCA and CRA-2004 to generate 300 CCDFs in 3 sets (replicates) of 100. There is no change in the methodology. Thus, the DOE continues to demonstrate compliance with provisions of section 194.34(d).
## 34.6 40 CFR § 194.34(e)
### 34.6.1 Background
The intent of 40 CFR § 194.34(e) is to show the full range of CCDFs in order to provide an indication of the nature of the releases.
### 34.6.2 1998 Certification Decision
To demonstrate compliance with section 194.34(e), the EPA expected the DOE to do the following:
1. Display the full range of CCDFs generated
2. Present appropriate information to allow the EPA to confirm the DOE's PA analysis, including the steps used to arrive at the result and the data values that are represented by the CCDFs
3. Include descriptive statistics such as the range, mean, median, etc., for the estimated CCDFs at cumulative releases of 1 and 10
The DOE employed LHS to create 3 independent replicates of 100 realizations each, yielding 300 CCDF curves. The DOE concluded that the requirement of section 194.34(e) was met. The EPA concurred with this conclusion.
A complete description of the EPA’s 1998 Certification Decision for section 194.34(e) can be obtained from CARD 34, Section 34.E.5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a).
### 34.6.3 Changes in the CRA-2004
There were no changes to the approach used by the DOE with regards to section 194.34(e) in the CRA-2004. The DOE presented and discussed the results of the PA analysis in the CRA-2004, Chapter 6.0 and the CRA-2004 PABC report (see Chapter 6 in Leigh et al. 2005), which display the full range of CCDFs generated. Furthermore, appropriate information needed to confirm the analysis and descriptive statistics for the estimated CCDFs were shown.
### 34.6.4 EPA’s Evaluation of Compliance for the 2004 Recertification
Based on a review and evaluation of the CRA-2004 and supplemental information provided by the DOE, the EPA determined that the DOE continued to comply with the requirements for section 194.34(e) (see CARD 34, Section Recertification Decision [194.34(e)]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
### 34.6.5 Changes or New Information Since the 2004 Recertification
There are no changes to the approach used by the DOE with regards to section 194.34(e) in the CRA-2009. The full range of CCDFs generated for the CRA-2009 PA is shown in Figure 34-1. Thus, the DOE continues to demonstrate compliance with provisions of section 194.34(e).
## 34.7 40 CFR § 194.34(f)
### 34.7.1 Background
Because of the unique nature of the WIPP, the EPA wanted to ensure that the PA results could be used to adequately support a certification decision. To this end, the EPA required the DOE to demonstrate compliance with a high statistical confidence. For 40 CFR § 194.34(f), the DOE must show, in effect, that the mean of its 300 CCDF curves, and the 95th percentile upper confidence limit of the population mean, meet the containment requirements of section 191.13 for the cumulative releases at 1 and 10 times the quantities in Part 191 Appendix A, Table 1.
### 34.7.2 1998 Certification Decision
To demonstrate compliance with section 194.34(f), the EPA expected the DOE to do the following:
1. Present appropriate information, including steps used to arrive at the result and the data used in the analysis, allowing the EPA to confirm that the mean of the CCDF population meets the containment requirements of section 191.13 with a 95% statistical confidence level
2. Identify the mean of the sample of CCDFs generated for the cumulative releases at 1 and 10 times the quantities in Part 191 Appendix A, Table 1
3. Identify the CCDF values associated with a 95% statistical confidence level of the population mean for the cumulative releases at 1 and 10 times the quantities in Part 191 Appendix A, Table 1
Upon analysis of the CCA PA, the EPA identified inconsistencies with some of the parameter values and probability distributions, and so the EPA required the DOE to conduct the CCA PAVT, which resolved the issues (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998b, Section 5.0). The Certification Decision was based on the CCA PAVT results. The CCA PAVT results demonstrated that the mean of the CCDFs met the section 191.13 containment requirements and that the level of statistical confidence is significantly greater than 95%. Therefore, the EPA concluded that the final result of the CCA PAVT was in compliance with the containment requirements of section 191.13 and that the results were presented in accordance with section 194.34(f) (see CARD 34, Section 34.F.5, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1998a).
### 34.7.3 Changes in the CRA-2004
In the CRA-2004, the DOE used the same general approach for calculating the statistical confidence for release limits as was used in the CCA. The DOE provided the CCDFs and uncertainty information in the CRA-2004 documentation.
### 34.7.4 EPA’s Evaluation of Compliance for the 2004 Recertification
The EPA’s and the DOE’s review of the CRA-2004 identified several errors that may have affected the CRA-2004 PA’s compliance with section 194.34(f) (Cotsworth 2005). Incorrect LHS transfer files were used as input to PRECCDFGF for Replicates 2 and 3; thus, some of the same parameter inputs were used multiple times instead of being appropriately sampled for each replicate. A spallings release calculation for the volume fraction of contact-handled transuranic waste was omitted from CCDFGF, and an error in the input control file for the computer code SUMMARIZE affected spallings results. Finally, only 50 vectors for DRSPALL calculations were run for the CRA-2004 PA, instead of a full set of 100 vectors for each of the three replicates, thus potentially reducing the range of spallings releases.
Because of these problems, the EPA required the DOE to run a full set of DRSPALL vectors and correct the problem with LHS transfer files in the CRA-2004 PABC. The results of the CRA-2004 PABC are provided in the DOE’s CRA-2004 PABC report (Leigh et al. 2005). In its review of the CRA-2004 PABC, the EPA concurred that the errors were corrected (CARD 34, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
Based on a review and evaluation of the CRA-2004 and supplemental information provided by the DOE, the EPA determined that the DOE continued to comply with the requirements for section 194.34(f) (CARD 34, Section Recertification Decision [194.34(f)], U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2006b).
### 34.7.5 Changes or New Information Since the 2004 Recertification
For the CRA-2009, the DOE is using the same approach to calculate the statistical confidence for evaluation against the release limits. The mean of the 300 CCDFs, along with the 95% confidence levels about the overall mean for the total normalized releases of the CRA-2009 PA, are shown in Figure 34-2Table 34-1 lists the overall mean total normalized release CCDF values of the CRA-2009 PA at the compliance probabilities of 0.1 and 0.001, along with the values of the upper and lower 95% confidence limit CCDFs at the same probabilities. More details on the normalized release results of the CRA-2009 PA are discussed in Appendix PA-2009, Section PA-9.0. As seen in Figure 34-2 and Table 34-1, the results of the PA demonstrate a greater than 95% level of statistical confidence that the overall mean of the population of CCDFs is in compliance with the containment requirements of section 191.13, and thus the DOE continues to comply with provisions of section 194.34(f).
Figure 34-2. Mean and Confidence Interval CCDFs for Total Normalized Releases: CRA-2009 PA (from Figure 6-7 in Clayton et al. [2008])
Table 34-1. CRA-2009 PA Statistics on the Overall Mean for Total Normalized Releases at Probabilities of 0.1 and 0.001, All Replicates Pooled Compared with Release Limits (from Table 6-1 in Clayton et al. [2008])
Probability Mean Total Release Lower 95% Confidence Limit Upper 95% Confidence Limit Regulatorya Limit 0.1 0.10 0.10 0.11 1 0.001 0.72 0.48 0.92 10 a Releases divided by the release limits in Part 191 Appendix A, Table 1.
The DOE believes that the information presented in this section and additional information in Appendix PA-2009 demonstrates continued compliance with section 194.34.
## 34.8 References
Clayton, D.J., S. Dunagan, J.W. Garner, A.E. Ismail, T.B. Kirchner, G.R. Kirkes, and M.B. Nemer. 2008. Summary Report of the 2009 Compliance Recertification Application Performance Assessment. ERMS 548862. Carlsbad, NM: Sandia National Laboratories.
Cotsworth, E. 2005. Letter to I. Triay (1 Enclosure). 4 March 2005. ERMS 538858. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC.
Fox, B. 2008. Parameter Summary Report for the CRA-2009 (Revision 0). ERMS 549747. Carlsbad, NM: Sandia National Laboratories.
Kirchner, T. 2005. Generation of the LHS Samples for the CRA 2004 PA Baseline Calculations. ERMS 540279. Carlsbad, NM: Sandia National Laboratories.
Leigh, C., J. Kanney, L. Brush, J. Garner, G. Kirkes, T. Lowry, M. Nemer, J. Stein, E. Vugrin, S. Wagner, and T. Kirchner. 2005. 2004 Compliance Recertification Application Performance Assessment Baseline Calculation (Revision 0). ERMS 541521. Carlsbad, NM: Sandia National Laboratories.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 1996. Title 40 CFR Part 191 Compliance Certification Application for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (October). 21 vols. DOE/CAO 1996-2184. Carlsbad, NM: Carlsbad Area Office.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 2004. Title 40 CFR Part 191 Compliance Recertification Application for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (March). 10 vols. DOE/WIPP 2004-3231. Carlsbad, NM: Carlsbad Field Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1993. “40 CFR Part 191: Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for the Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes; Final Rule.” Federal Register, vol. 58 (December 20, 1993): 66398–416.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1996. “40 CFR Part 194: Criteria for the Certification and Recertification of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s Compliance with the 40 CFR Part 191 Disposal Regulations; Final Rule.” Federal Register, vol. 61 (February 9, 1996): 5223–45.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1998a. “CARD No. 34: Results of Performance Assessments.” Compliance Application Review Documents for the Criteria for the Certification and Recertification of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s Compliance with the 40 CFR Part 191 Disposal Regulations: Final Recertification Decision (May) (pp. 34-1 through 34-29). Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1998b. Technical Support Document: Overview of Major Performance Assessment Issues (May). Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006a. Technical Support Document for Section 194.23: Review of the 2004 Compliance Recertification Performance Assessment Baseline Calculation (March). Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006b. “Recertification CARD No. 34: Results of Performance Assessments.” Compliance Application Review Documents for the Criteria for the Certification and Recertification of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s Compliance with the 40 CFR Part 191 Disposal Regulations: Final Recertification Decision (March) (pp. 34-1 through 34-12). Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006c. Technical Support Document for Section 194.23: Models and Computer Codes (March). PABC Code Changes Review. Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006d. Technical Support Document for Section 194.23: Review of WIPP Recertification Performance Assessment Computer Codes (March). CRA Code Review. Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006e. Technical Support Document for Section 194.23: Review of Changes to the WIPP Performance Assessment Parameters from the Compliance Recertification Application to Performance Assessment Baseline Calculation (March). PABC Parameter Review. Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006f. Technical Support Document for Section 194.24: Evaluation of the Compliance Recertification Actinide Source Term and Culebra Dolomite Distribution Coefficient Values (March). Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006g. Technical Support Document for Section 194.24: Review of the Baseline Inventory Used in the Compliance Recertification Application and the Performance Assessment Baseline Calculation (March). Washington, DC: Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
| 2017-03-30T20:23:32 |
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|
https://indico.fnal.gov/event/9413/page/2366-lodging
|
# Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) International Collaboration May 2015 Meeting
May 27 – 29, 2015
US/Central timezone
# Lodging
We have an agreement with Pheasant Run and Comfort Inn for 20 rooms each from May 26th – 29th. The Comfort Inn rate is $76/night + tax and Pheasant Run is$80/night + tax. The hotels will honor the same rate for guests staying a day or two before/after the mentioned dates. In order to receive the discount you have to mention you are with the DESI-Fermilab group. You can make your reservation online and then contact the hotel via telephone or email stating you are with the DESI-Fermilab group and have a special rate. Or you can skip the online part and just call the hotel and book over the phone.
| 2022-08-08T05:05:25 |
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https://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/notes/feds-notes/2017/confidence-interval-projections-of-the-federal-reserve-balance-sheet-and-income-20170113.html
|
## FEDS Notes
### Confidence Interval Projections of the Federal Reserve Balance Sheet and Income
Erin E. Syron Ferris, Soo Jeong Kim, and Bernd Schlusche1
NOTE: This FEDS Note was revised on February 17, 2017 to correct a sentence on the modal path of the unrealized position of the SOMA portfolio. This Note was also revised on April 5, 2017 to include a list of references.
1. Background
In response to the financial crisis of 2008 and the subsequent recession, the Federal Reserve employed large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) and a maturity extension program (MEP) with the purpose of reducing longer-term interest rates, and thereby promoting more accommodative financial conditions at a time when the conventional monetary policy tool, the federal funds rate, was at its effective lower bound. The accommodation provided by the LSAPs in turn provided critical support to the economy, contributing to lowering the unemployment rate compared to what it would have been in the absence of these policies.2
Most directly, the LSAPs altered the size and composition of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet, as well as the Federal Reserve's net income. The larger balance sheet and the ensuing greater duration mismatch between assets and liabilities have raised questions about the interest rate risk of the Federal Reserve's portfolio. The Federal Reserve has regularly reported to the public details of its current and projected securities holdings as well as their associated income under various interest rate and macroeconomic scenarios.3 This note furthers the discussion by presenting projections of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet and income statement for a range of future potential interest rate paths consistent with macroeconomic simulations from the Federal Reserve's FRB/US model.4,5 The results presented in this note therefore help assess the interest rate risk stemming from the configuration of the Federal Reserve's portfolio induced by the LSAPs and the MEP.
As a first input, we use the deterministic or "modal" path that is consistent with the FOMC participants' Summary of Economic Projections (SEP) submitted in conjunction with the September 2016 FOMC meeting. We then apply the sets of paths for the federal funds rate, the 10-year Treasury yield, as well as those for other financial and macroeconomic variables as generated from stochastic simulations of the FRB/US model around the modal path to create confidence intervals for the evolution of SOMA holdings, reserve balances, and income.6 Figure 1 shows the federal funds rate and the 10-year Treasury yield from the stochastic simulations. The purpose of showing confidence intervals is to provide an indication about the degree of uncertainty around the projected dynamics of the Fed's balance sheet and income.
2. The Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet and Income: Components and Recent History
In this section, we present the key components and the recent evolution of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet and income statement.7
The Federal Reserve's balance sheet follows the typical equation by which assets must equal the sum of liabilities and capital. Assets of the Federal Reserve consist primarily of securities held in its System Open Market Account (SOMA) portfolio. Prior to the financial crisis, the SOMA portfolio stood at about $800 billion and comprised of Treasury securities only.8 By the end of the LSAP programs in 2014, the SOMA portfolio had reached more than$4 trillion, including $1.7 trillion in agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS).9 As shown on Table 1, the Federal Reserve has maintained the portfolio at this elevated level, continuing to reinvest principal repayments on its securities holdings. Table 1: Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet, December 30, 2015 (billions of$)
Assets Liabilities + Capital
SOMA 4,242 Deposits of DIs 2,209
U.S. Treasury Securities 2,462 FR notes 1,381
Federal agency debt and MBS 1,780 Reverse repurchase agreements 499
Other assets 245 Other liabilities 359
Capital 39
Total 4,487 Total 4,487
Source: Calculations based on: Federal Reserve Board, H.4.1 statistical release, Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions and Condition Statement of Federal Reserve Banks, (December 30, 2015), https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_fedsbalancesheet.htm
Historically, the Federal Reserve's liabilities consisted primarily of currency in circulation (FR notes in Table 1). As a consequence of the LSAP programs, however, reserve balances--the deposits of depository institutions (DIs) held at Federal Reserve banks--became the largest liability, standing at approximately $2.2 trillion at the end of 2015.10 Total capital, the final category on the balance sheet, stood at$39 billion.
The Federal Reserve's net income, a portion of which is remitted to the U.S. Treasury, is shown in its income statement; a simplified version is presented in Table 2. As can be seen from the table, net income reflects many components, including interest income earned on the securities held in the SOMA portfolio and interest expense paid on reserve balances.11,12 Since interest income has increased more rapidly than interest expense in recent years, net earnings remittances have also grown.
Table 2: Federal Reserve's Simplified Income Statement, December 31, 2015
(millions of $) 2015 Interest Income Loans$ - System Open Market Account (SOMA): Treasury securities, net 63,317 GSE debt and MBS, net 50,261 Other interest income 36 Total interest income 113,614 Interest Expense System Open Market Account (SOMA): Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 248 Other 2 Deposits: Depository institutions 6,846 Term Deposit Facility 89 Total interest expense 7,185 Net interest income 106,429 Total non-interest (loss) (146) Total Operating Expenses 6,379 Net income before providing for remittances to the Treasury 99,904 Earnings remittances to the Treasury: Interest on Federal Reserve Notes 91,143 Required by the Federal Reserve Act, as amended by the FAST Act 25,956 Total earnings remittances to the Treasury 117,099 Net (loss) income after providing for remittances to the Treasury (17,195) Total other comprehensive (loss) income 366 Comprehensive (loss) income (16,829)
Source: Federal Reserve System Audited Annual Financial Statements
The Federal Reserve also reports the end-of-quarter unrealized capital gain (loss) position of the SOMA portfolio, which is the difference between the market value of the securities in the portfolio and their book value.13,14 As interest rates change, so does the market value of the securities held in the SOMA portfolio. As of June 30, 2016, the SOMA portfolio displayed an unrealized gain of $282 billion.15 3. Projection Assumptions The size and composition of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet as well as the associated net income can shift with interest rate and macroeconomic outcomes. Consequently, projections for the Federal Reserve's balance sheet and income require various assumptions about the evolution of financial and macroeconomic variables, as well as the monetary policy decisions to be taken by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). To start with, since the longer-run size of the balance sheet is largely determined by the amount of currency in circulation, our assumption that currency expands at a rate equal to that of projected nominal GDP growth implies that different simulated paths for nominal GDP growth result in different balance sheet projections. In addition, because agency MBS have an embedded prepayment option, the stock of MBS held in the SOMA portfolio depends importantly on interest rates and economic conditions. We use a staff MBS prepayment model to project prepayments of principal from MBS and hence assess how macroeconomic variables affect the path of agency MBS holdings. Furthermore, changes in agency MBS holdings can, in turn, result in different paths for SOMA Treasury holdings once the size of the balance sheet is normalized, with normalization defined as the point in time when reserve balances decline to a level of$100 billion.16
Finally, the assumptions about the stance of monetary policy are consistent with the FOMC's September 2014 Policy Normalization Principles and Plans, with no sales of securities and reinvestments of rolling-off securities continuing until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way.17
4. Balance Sheet Outcomes and Interest Rate Risk
4.1 Balance Sheet Outcomes
As is shown in Figure 2, the size of the balance sheet varies with macroeconomic outcomes. The range of possible outcomes for the 70- and 90-percent confidence intervals are represented by the red and blue areas, respectively. Along the contour of the simulations, the range implied by potential SOMA holdings and reserve balances is generally fairly narrow. However, SOMA holdings display somewhat wider dispersion after the normalization of the size of the balance sheet, merely reflecting variability in macroeconomic outcomes and, in turn, projected currency growth.
At the end of the projection period in 2025, the size of the balance sheet is expected to be $2.5 trillion along the modal path, with possible outcomes ranging between$2.3 and $2.8 trillion, reflecting the differences in nominal GDP growth and the resulting assumed changes in currency outstanding. In addition, as depicted in Figure 3, Treasury securities and MBS holdings are projected to range between$1.5 and $2.0 trillion, and from$525 billion to $950 billion, respectively. 4.2 Unrealized Gain/Loss Position Figure 4 shows the unrealized gain or loss position of the SOMA portfolio, which is influenced importantly by the level of interest rates. The modal path, depicted by the solid black line, indicates that the portfolio is projected to shift to an unrealized loss in late 2017, before posting a peak projected shortfall of about$170 billion in late 2020. However, the tail risk, as captured by the lower edge of the 90-percent confidence interval, can be large, as the unrealized loss in the corresponding scenario peaks at about $530 billion in a simulation in which interest rates would move much higher than in the baseline. Although the modal path implies that the unrealized loss position narrows subsequently through 2025, as securities acquired under the LSAPs mature or pay down and new securities are added to the portfolio at par, under some scenarios the unrealized loss position could remain larger than$400 billion as of 2025. It is important to stress that the Federal Reserve does not record gains and losses on its portfolio unless a security is sold, and, as indicated above, the FOMC does not anticipate selling MBS as part of the normalization process.18 When securities mature, the value of any unrealized gain or loss would fall to zero.
4.3 Federal Reserve's Earnings Remittances
Under the modal outlook, earnings remittances to the U.S. Treasury are projected to decline over the next few years, falling to their annual low of roughly $40 billion, before rebounding toward$62 billion by the end of the projection period. Most of the risk to the Federal Reserve's earnings remittances stems from the possibility that interest expense could rise faster than interest income through the medium term (Figure 5). In fact, earnings remittances are most sensitive to shifts in short-term interest rates, since changes in interest income tend to be more gradual than those in interest expense. In particular, in a context in which interest rates rise over the medium term while reserve balances are still elevated, higher interest expense on reserve balances reduces the Federal Reserve's net income. As shown in Figure 6, we find that inside the 70-percent confidence interval earnings remittances never fall to zero. Thus, transfers to the U.S. Treasury are not suspended, and no deferred asset is recorded. However, under some scenarios, the Federal Reserve incurs for a few years a small deferred asset peaking at only about $15 billion during 2020 (Figure 6).19 The small size of the deferred asset in these scenarios could therefore alleviate the concerns about potential interruptions to the Federal Reserve's earnings remittances to the U.S. Treasury. However, this assessment of the possible outcomes for the Federal Reserve's net income and earnings remittances should not be interpreted as a guide to the overall implications for the taxpayer of the larger size of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet. If a larger balance sheet and the resulting accommodation in financial conditions provide even a modest boost to economic activity, the subsequent increases in tax revenues for the U.S. Treasury would dwarf any potential estimated reduction in earnings remittances from the Federal Reserve even under scenarios in which a small deferred asset is recorded. In addition, by depressing longer-term interest rates, the larger balance sheet is also likely to hold down the Treasury's debt service costs. Conclusion In this note, we presented the implications for the Federal Reserve's balance sheet and income arising from a range of future potential macroeconomic outcomes. We used the paths of financial and macroeconomic variables generated by stochastic simulations of the FRB/US model to project confidence intervals for the evolution of SOMA holdings, reserve balances, and income. One notable feature of our projections is that, under some scenarios in which interest rates rise significantly more than along a modal path, a deferred asset may be recorded for a few years.20 Nonetheless, the implications of the Federal Reserve's policy actions for its balance sheet and income statement do not represent a factor influencing policy decisions. In fact, the fair value of the Federal Reserve's portfolio as well as its earnings, gains, or losses do not affect the ability to continue its operations or to carry out its responsibilities as the nation's central bank, which is to conduct monetary policy to achieve its statutory goals of maximum employment and stable prices. Finally, all considered, the aggregate gains for U.S. households, businesses, and the federal government resulting from the Federal Reserve's efforts to foster progress towards maximum employment and stable prices far outweigh any estimate of possible financial losses for the Federal Reserve even under higher interest rate scenarios. References [1] Engen, Eric M., Laubach, Thomas, and Reifschneider, David: "The Macroeconomic Effects of the Federal Reserve's Unconventional Monetary Policies", FEDS Working Paper No. 2015-005, 2015, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2561522 [2] Christensen, Jens H.E., Lopez, Jose A., and Rudebusch, Glenn D.: "A probability-based stress test of Federal Reserve assets and income", Journal of Monetary Economics, pp 26-43, April 2015, Vol. 73, https://www.researchgate.net/journal/0304-3932_Journal_of_Monetary_Economics [3] Brayton, Flint, Laubach, Thomas, and Reifschneider, David: "Optimal-Control Monetary Policy in the FRB/US Model", FEDS Notes. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, November 21, 2014 [4] Carpenter, Seth, Jane Ihrig, Elizabeth Klee, Daniel Quinn, and Alexander Boote (2015). "The Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet and Earnings: A Primer and Projections," International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 237-283. 1. We thank Michele Cavallo, Casey Clark, James Clouse, Gregory Evans, Jane Ihrig, and Elizabeth Klee, and Lawrence Mize for feedback. We also thank James Trevino and Jamie Grasing for excellent assistance. Return to text 2. Engen, Laubach, and Reifschneider (2015) estimate that the Federal Reserve's asset purchases helped make overall financial conditions more accommodative, hence providing significant stimulus for the broader economy. Return to text 3. The Federal Reserve reports on a weekly basis the level and the changes in the size and the composition of its balance sheet in the H.4.1 statistical release available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/ (see Tables 2 and 5). Each quarter, the Federal Reserve also presents the market value of its portfolio in the "Federal Reserve Banks Combined Quarterly Financial Reports", available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_fedfinancials.htm#quarterly. Finally, balance sheet and income projections under alternative interest rate scenarios are presented once a year in the Domestic Open Market Operations Annual Report published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, available at http://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/annual_reports.html . Return to text 4. The FRB/US model is a large-scale estimated general equilibrium model of the U.S. economy that has been in use at the Federal Reserve Board since 1996. Further information is available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/frbus/us-models-about.htm. Return to text 5. Academic research also addresses this issue; Christensen et al. (2015) use a probabilistic approach to study the interest rate risk of the SOMA portfolio. Return to text 6. The stochastic simulations are obtained by conducting 5000 runs of the FRB/US model using the estimated historical residuals. More specifically, this involves sampling with replacement from the FRB/US residuals from 1969 to 2013 to proxy for a set of possible macroeconomic shocks to the economy, and then applying those residuals to the baseline paths to generate ranges of possible outcomes. For details regarding the construction of the illustrative baseline projection of the FRB/US model, see Brayton et al. (2014). Return to text 7. Carpenter et al. (2015) provide a comprehensive overview of the components of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet and income. Return to text 8. This note primarily considers the domestic SOMA portfolio. Return to text 9. A summary of the LSAPs is available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/what-were-the-federal-reserves-large-scale-asset-purchases.htm. Return to text 10. Financial institutions were credited cash in the form of reserves in exchange for Treasury securities and agency MBS. Return to text 11. Federal Reserve Banks transfer residual net earnings to the U.S. Treasury after providing for the costs of operations, payment of dividends, and the amount necessary to maintain a$10 billion surplus. Furthermore, when earnings are insufficient to cover the costs of operations, payment of dividends, and the amount necessary to maintain a $10 billion surplus, earnings transfers to the U.S. Treasury are suspended and a deferred asset is recorded. Return to text 12. Reserve Banks began paying interest on required and excess reserve balances in October 2008. Further details are available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reqresbalances.htm. Return to text 13. The book value of the SOMA portfolio is the par value of the portfolio plus any unamortized net premiums and discounts associated with the securities. Return to text 14. Because the SOMA portfolio is recorded on an amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses are not reflected in the balance sheet or in net income. As a result, unrealized gains and losses do not affect the periodic remittances to the U.S. Treasury. Return to text 15. The unrealized gain position is reported in the "Federal Reserve Banks Combined Quarterly Financial Reports", available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_fedfinancials.htm#quarterly and in the audited "Annual Financial Statements of the Federal Reserve System," available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_fedfinancials.htm#audited. Return to text 16. The size of the balance sheet is assumed to be normalized when the securities portfolio reverts to the level consistent with its longer-run trend; this trend is determined largely by currency in circulation and a projected long-run level of reserve balances. Return to text 17. The FOMC's September 2014 Policy Normalization Principles and Plans are available at http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20140917c.htm. As outlined in the September 2016 FOMC statement, the Committee's existing policy is to reinvest principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and to roll over maturing Treasury securities at auction until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way. See http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20160921a.htm. For all scenarios in this note, we assume that the timing of a change in the Committee's policy on reinvesting payments of principal on Treasuries and agency MBS is the median number of months forward as reported in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's September 2016 Survey of Primary Dealers. More information is available at https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/primarydealer_survey_questions.html . Return to text 18. Instead, the FOMC intends to reduce the Federal Reserve's securities holdings in a gradual and predictable manner, primarily by ceasing reinvestments of principal on securities held in the SOMA. Return to text 19. As above, these scenarios are those for which interest rate paths are in the highest 5 percent of their ranges. Return to text 20. It is also possible that the sample period from which the residuals were drawn may lead to an overestimation of the risks implied by our projections, as it includes the Great Inflation in the 1970s and the subsequent Federal Reserve's response in the early 1980s. For robustness, we also considered drawing residuals from 1990 to the present, and, as expected, the error bands are smaller for all variables. This feature is particularly noticeable for the deferred asset, which peaks at about$5 billion when we use the shorter sample, compared to the \$15 billion peak implied by the full sample, as indicated above. Return to text
Ferris, Erin E. Syron, Soo Jeong Kim, and Bernd Schlusche (2017). "Confidence Interval Projections of the Federal Reserve Balance Sheet and Income," FEDS Notes. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, January 13, https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.1875.
Disclaimer: FEDS Notes are articles in which Board economists offer their own views and present analysis on a range of topics in economics and finance. These articles are shorter and less technically oriented than FEDS Working Papers.
## Search Working Papers
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Last update: April 5, 2017
| 2017-05-25T10:32:18 |
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https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10371162-bounds-new-physics-data-dresden-ii-reactor-experiment-coherent
|
This content will become publicly available on May 1, 2023
Bounds on new physics with data of the Dresden-II reactor experiment and COHERENT
A bstract Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering was first experimentally established five years ago by the COHERENT experiment using neutrinos from the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first evidence of observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with reactor antineutrinos has now been reported by the Dresden-II reactor experiment, using a germanium detector. In this paper, we present constraints on a variety of beyond the Standard Model scenarios using the new Dresden-II data. In particular, we explore the constraints imposed on neutrino non-standard interactions, neutrino magnetic moments, and several models with light scalar or light vector mediators. We also quantify the impact of their combination with COHERENT (CsI and Ar) data. In doing so, we highlight the synergies between spallation neutron source and nuclear reactor experiments regarding beyond the Standard Model searches, as well as the advantages of combining data obtained with different nuclear targets. We also study the possible signal from beyond the Standard Model scenarios due to elastic scattering off electrons (which would pass selection cuts of the COHERENT CsI and the Dresden-II experiments) and find more stringent constraints in certain parts of the parameter space than those obtained considering coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.
Authors:
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10371162
Journal Name:
Journal of High Energy Physics
Volume:
2022
Issue:
5
ISSN:
1029-8479
The futureRicochetexperiment aims at searching for new physics in the electroweak sector by providing a high precision measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) process down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. The experiment will deploy a kg-scale low-energy-threshold detector array combining Ge and Zn target crystals 8.8 m away from the 58 MW research nuclear reactor core of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France. Currently, theRicochetCollaboration is characterizing the backgrounds at its future experimental site in order to optimize the experiment’s shielding design. The most threatening background component, which cannot be actively rejected by particle identification, consists of keV-scale neutron-induced nuclear recoils. These initial fast neutrons are generated by the reactor core and surrounding experiments (reactogenics), and by the cosmic rays producing primary neutrons and muon-induced neutrons in the surrounding materials. In this paper, we present theRicochetneutron background characterization using$$^3$$${}^{3}$He proportional counters which exhibit a high sensitivity to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons. We compare these measurements to theRicochetGeant4 simulations to validate our reactogenic and cosmogenic neutron background estimations. Eventually, we present our estimated neutron background for the futureRicochetexperiment and the resulting CENNS detection significance. Our results show that depending on the effectiveness ofmore »
| 2023-01-26T22:36:49 |
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https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10363127-investigating-architecture-internal-structure-toi-system-planets-cheops-harps-tess
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Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N, and TESS
ABSTRACT
We present a precise characterization of the TOI-561 planetary system obtained by combining previously published data with TESS and CHEOPS photometry, and a new set of 62 HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs). Our joint analysis confirms the presence of four transiting planets, namely TOI-561 b (P = 0.45 d, R = 1.42 R⊕, M = 2.0 M⊕), c (P = 10.78 d, R = 2.91 R⊕, M = 5.4 M⊕), d (P = 25.7 d, R = 2.82 R⊕, M = 13.2 M⊕), and e (P = 77 d, R = 2.55 R⊕, M = 12.6 R⊕). Moreover, we identify an additional, long-period signal (>450 d) in the RVs, which could be due to either an external planetary companion or to stellar magnetic activity. The precise masses and radii obtained for the four planets allowed us to conduct interior structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-561 b is confirmed to be the lowest density (ρb = 3.8 ± 0.5 g cm−3) ultra-short period (USP) planet known to date, and the low metallicity of the host star makes it consistent with the general bulk density-stellar metallicity trend. According to our interior structure modelling, planet b has basically no gas envelope, and it could host a certain amount of water. In contrast, TOI-561 c, d, and e likely retained more »
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10363127
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume:
511
Issue:
3
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
p. 4551-4571
ISSN:
0035-8711
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
National Science Foundation
##### More Like this
1. ABSTRACT
We report the discovery and characterization of a pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331), initially detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. To characterize the system, we performed and retrieved the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS), TESS, and ground-based photometry, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gemini speckle imaging. We characterize the host star and determine $T_{\rm eff, \star }=4734\pm 67\,\mathrm{ K}$, $R_{\star }=0.726\pm 0.007\, \mathrm{ R}_{\odot }$, and $M_{\star }=0.748\pm 0.032\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$. We present a novel detrending method based on point spread function shape-change modelling and demonstrate its suitability to correct flux variations in CHEOPS data. We confirm the planetary nature of both bodies and find that TOI-1064 b has an orbital period of Pb = 6.44387 ± 0.00003 d, a radius of Rb = 2.59 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a mass of $M_{\rm b} = 13.5_{-1.8}^{+1.7}$ M⊕, whilst TOI-1064 c has an orbital period of $P_{\rm c} = 12.22657^{+0.00005}_{-0.00004}$ d, a radius of Rc = 2.65 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a 3σ upper mass limit of 8.5 M⊕. From the high-precision photometry we obtain radius uncertainties of ∼1.6 per cent, allowing us to conduct internal structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-1064 b is one of the densest, well-characterized sub-Neptunes, withmore »
2. Abstract
Exoplanet systems with multiple transiting planets are natural laboratories for testing planetary astrophysics. One such system is HD 191939 (TOI 1339), a bright (V= 9) and Sun-like (G9V) star, which TESS found to host three transiting planets (b, c, and d). The planets have periods of 9, 29, and 38 days each with similar sizes from 3 to 3.4R. To further characterize the system, we measured the radial velocity (RV) of HD 191939 over 415 days with Keck/HIRES and APF/Levy. We find thatMb= 10.4 ± 0.9MandMc= 7.2 ± 1.4M, which are low compared to most known planets of comparable radii. The RVs yield only an upper limit onMd(<5.8Mat 2σ). The RVs further reveal a fourth planet (e) with a minimum mass of 0.34 ± 0.01MJupand an orbital period of 101.4 ± 0.4 days. Despite its nontransiting geometry, secular interactions between planet e and the inner transiting planets indicate that planet e is coplanar with the transiting planets (Δi< 10°). We identify a second high-mass planet (f) with 95% confidence intervals on mass between 2 and 11MJupand period between 1700 and 7200 days, based on a joint analysis of RVs and astrometry from Gaia and Hipparcos. As a bright starmore »
3. Context . The Gl 486 system consists of a very nearby, relatively bright, weakly active M3.5 V star at just 8 pc with a warm transiting rocky planet of about 1.3 R ⊕ and 3.0 M ⊕ . It is ideal for both transmission and emission spectroscopy and for testing interior models of telluric planets. Aims . To prepare for future studies, we aim to thoroughly characterise the planetary system with new accurate and precise data collected with state-of-the-art photometers from space and spectrometers and interferometers from the ground. Methods . We collected light curves of seven new transits observed with the CHEOPS space mission and new radial velocities obtained with MAROON-X at the 8.1 m Gemini North telescope and CARMENES at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope, together with previously published spectroscopic and photometric data from the two spectrographs and TESS. We also performed near-infrared interferometric observations with the CHARA Array and new photometric monitoring with a suite of smaller telescopes (AstroLAB, LCOGT, OSN, TJO). This extraordinary and rich data set was the input for our comprehensive analysis. Results . From interferometry, we measure a limb-darkened disc angular size of the star Gl 486 at θ LDD = 0.390more »
4. ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of TOI-2136 b, a sub-Neptune planet transiting a nearby M4.5V-type star every 7.85 d, identified through photometric measurements from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. The host star is located 33 pc away with a radius of R* = 0.34 ± 0.02 R⊙, a mass of $0.34\pm 0.02 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, and an effective temperature of 3342 ± 100 K. We estimate its stellar rotation period to be 75 ± 5 d based on archival long-term photometry. We confirm and characterize the planet based on a series of ground-based multiwavelength photometry, high-angular-resolution imaging observations, and precise radial velocities from Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT)/SpectroPolarimètre InfraROUge (SPIRou). Our joint analysis reveals that the planet has a radius of 2.20 ± 0.17 R⊕ and a mass of 6.4 ± 2.4 M⊕. The mass and radius of TOI-2136 b are consistent with a broad range of compositions, from water-ice to gas-dominated worlds. TOI-2136 b falls close to the radius valley for M dwarfs predicted by thermally driven atmospheric mass-loss models, making it an interesting target for future studies of its interior structure and atmospheric properties.
5. Abstract We present the discovery of a new Jovian-sized planet, TOI-3757 b, the lowest-density transiting planet known to orbit an M dwarf (M0V). This planet was discovered around a solar-metallicity M dwarf, using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and confirmed with precise radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) and NEID. With a planetary radius of 12.0 − 0.5 + 0.4 R ⊕ and mass of 85.3 − 8.7 + 8.8 M ⊕ , not only does this object add to the small sample of gas giants (∼10) around M dwarfs, but also its low density ( ρ = 0.27 − 0.04 + 0.05 g cm −3 ) provides an opportunity to test theories of planet formation. We present two hypotheses to explain its low density; first, we posit that the low metallicity of its stellar host (∼0.3 dex lower than the median metallicity of M dwarfs hosting gas giants) could have played a role in the delayed formation of a solid core massive enough to initiate runaway accretion. Second, using the eccentricity estimate of 0.14 ± 0.06, we determine it is also plausible for tidal heating to at least partially be responsible for inflating the radius of TOI-3757bmore »
| 2023-02-03T19:22:40 |
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|
http://ocw.usu.edu/Electrical_and_Computer_Engineering/Stochastic_Processes/lec2_4.html
|
##### Personal tools
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You are here: Home More on Random Variables
# More on Random Variables
##### Document Actions
Expectation :: Properties :: Pairs :: Independence :: Two R.V.S. :: Functions :: Inequalities :: Conditional :: General
## Independence of r.v.s
1. and are independent iff .
2. if and are jointly continuous, then they are independent iff
3. If and are discrete, then they are independent iff .
4. If and are jointly Gaussian random variables, then they are independent iff . (Show this using the p.d.f.)
Caution: Gaussian r.v.s are special this way. As a general rule, uncorrelated does not imply independence. .
In practice, it is common to assume that random variables are independent based on physical arguments, rather than to prove is by identifying a joint density and computing the marginals.
Many times, independence is also taken as an assumption, even when it is not strictly true. This independence assumption frequently simplifies analysis. However, the validity of the assumption must be validated (e.g., using computer simulations).
Copyright 2008, by the Contributing Authors. Cite/attribute Resource . admin. (2006, May 31). More on Random Variables. Retrieved January 07, 2011, from Free Online Course Materials — USU OpenCourseWare Web site: http://ocw.usu.edu/Electrical_and_Computer_Engineering/Stochastic_Processes/lec2_4.html. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License
| 2017-12-14T02:35:49 |
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https://googology.wikia.org/wiki/Googolception?oldid=315989
|
10,974 Pages
Googolception is a salad number defined in Urban Dictionary. It is created as a joke.[1]
Original article:
Googolplexian factorial (googolplexian!) multiplied by googol divided by pi to the power of googolvundaplex (a googolplex with a "decillion-2 more plexes", taken from Googology Wiki).
Then take that number and add it to googoldecaplex factorial multiplied by googod to the power of fzgoogolplex (googol 10's and googolplex to the power of googolplex, respectively, both also taken from Googology Wiki). Next, multiply that by the number of Google search results, or g taken that day. Finally, have your most energetic friend write at least five hundred more zeros next to the number before leaving.
As an (approximate, word form when necessary) equation, it would be written out like this:
(10^{10^(10^100)})!*{10^100/π}^googolvundaplex) + googoldecaplex!*(googod^{googolplex^googolplex})*g and add ≥500 zeros
Re-writing it, we would have:
$$((10^{10^{10^{100}}})!*(\frac{10^{100}}{\pi})^{E100\#10^{33}}+(E100\#11)!*10^{10^{10^{10^{100}+100}}*101}*g)*10^{\ge500}$$
In order to estimate the size of a Googolception, we find the largest number in its definition. The Googolvundaplex (page has been deleted), which equals E100#1033 (pretty close to Googolmekaplex) is of course the largest. The other parts of this number are so vanishingly small compared to Googolvundaplex that it doesn't matter. So the number can be approximated by E100#(1033+1).
This number is actually ill-defined, since the "divide by pi" part makes the number irrational, and thus it makes no sense to add "at least 500 more 0s next to the number". But whatever.
## Approximations in other notations
Due to the ill-definedness of the number, the following approximation is just an expected value.
Notation Approximation
Up-arrow notation $$100 \uparrow\uparrow 10 \uparrow 33$$
Chained arrow notation $$100 \rightarrow (10 \rightarrow 33) \rightarrow 2$$
BEAF $$\{100,\{10,33\},2\}$$
Hyperfactorial array notation $$(31!)!1$$
Strong array notation $$s(57,s(10,33),2)$$
Fast-growing hierarchy $$f_3(f_2(103))$$
Hardy hierarchy $$H_{\omega^3}(H_{\omega^2}(103))$$
Slow-growing hierarchy $$g_{\varepsilon_0}(g_{\omega^{18}}(57))$$
## Sources
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
| 2021-08-05T21:00:14 |
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https://pos.sissa.it/340/189/
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Volume 340 - The 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP2018) - Parallel: Top Quark and Electroweak Physics
A Precision Event Generator for EW Radiative Corrections in Hadron Scattering: KKMC-hh
B.F.L. Ward,* S. Jadach, Z. Was, S.A. Yost
*corresponding author
Full text: pdf
Published on: August 02, 2019
Abstract
${\cal KK}$MC-hh is a precision event-generator for Z production and decay in hadronic collisions, which
applies amplitude-level resummation to both initial and final state photon radiation, including
perturbative residuals exact through ${\cal O}(\alpha^2L)$, together with exact ${\cal O}(\alpha)$ EW matrix element corrections. We present some comparisons to other programs and results showing the effect of multi-photon radiation for cuts motivated by a recent ATLAS W mass analysis. We also show preliminary untuned comparisons of the electroweak corrections of ${\cal KK}$MC-hh to those of HORACE, which includes exact ${\cal O}(\alpha)$ corrections with resummed final-state photon radiation.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.340.0189
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.
Open Access
Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
| 2020-08-08T12:11:50 |
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https://docs.nersc.gov/filesystems/
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# File System overview¶
## Storage System Usage and Characteristics¶
### Summary¶
File systems are configured for different purposes. Each machine has access to at least three different file systems with different levels of performance, data persistence and available capacity, and each file system is designed to be accessed and used either by a user individually or by their project, as reported in the "Access" column.
File System Snapshots Backup Purging Access
Home yes yes no user
Common no no no project
Community yes no no project
Cori scratch no no yes user
Perlmutter scratch no no yes user
HPSS no no no user
See quotas for detailed information about inode, space quotas and file system purge policies.
Note
Files in the Community and Common File Systems are charged to the project quota, while files on the Home and Scratch File Systems are charged to the file owner's quota: your files in another user's directory will still be charged to your quota. If a shared access is needed on Home or Scratch file systems, consider using a Collaboration account.
Directories on the Common and Community File Systems (CFS) are designed to be used by all members of a project, and have the setgid bit set by default, which makes all directories and files inherit the group ID and allows other members of the same group read and write to those files. Some groups may prefer to disable this behavior, which can be done by removing the setgid bit on the desired directory.
If desired, multiple top-level directories can be created on CFS for each project. Each top-level CFS directory comes with its own quota (drawn out of the total quota allocated for the entire project) and could be set to have different group ownership. For instance, if a project m9999 at NERSC wanted to have separate directories for their alpha and beta groups, they could request two directories (e.g. m9999_alpha and m9999_beta). The quotas for each top-level directory can be allocated in iris by the project's PI. Additionally, if the PI wanted to limit access to these directories to only subsets of their users, then could also adjust the owning groups (e.g. m9999_alpha is owned by group alpha etc.). The PI for m9999 could then add users in their projects to the appropriate groups to allow them access to each directory as desired.
### Global storage¶
#### Home¶
Permanent, relatively small storage for data like source code, shell scripts that you want to keep. This file system is not tuned for high performance on parallel jobs: use the more optimized Common file system to store applications that need to be sourced by more than a dozen nodes at a time, or applications composed of several packages and small files such as conda environments.
Referenced by the environment variable \$HOME.
#### Common¶
A performant platform to install software stacks and compile code. Mounted read-only on Cori compute nodes.
#### Community¶
Large, permanent, medium-performance file system. Community directories are intended for sharing data within a group of researchers and for storing data that will be accessed in the meduium term (i.e. 1 - 2 years)
The PI toolbox can help PIs and PI Proxies fix permissions in their Community project directories.
#### Scratch¶
Cori and Perlmutter have a dedicated, large, local, parallel scratch file system based on Lustre. The scratch file system is intended for temporary uses such as storage of checkpoints or application input and output during jobs. We have more details on Cori's scratch and Perlmutter's scratch on their respective pages.
#### Archive (HPSS)¶
A high capacity tape archive intended for long term storage of inactive and important data. Accessible from all systems at NERSC. Space quotas are allocation dependent.
The High Performance Storage System (HPSS) is a modern, flexible, performance-oriented mass storage system. It has been used at NERSC for archival storage since 1998. HPSS is intended for long term storage of data that is not frequently accessed.
### Local storage¶
The following file systems provide high I/O performance, but often don't preserve data across different jobs, so they are meant to be used as scratch space, and data produced must be staged out at the end of the computation.
Access is always per-user, since these file systems are either mounted on the compute nodes on-demand (Burst Buffer) or only accessible within the same SLURM job (XFS and in-ram file systems), since SLURM purges the content afterwards.
#### Burst Buffer¶
Cori's Burst Buffer provides very high performance I/O on a per-job or short-term basis. It is particularly useful for codes that are I/O-bound, for example, codes that produce large checkpoint files, or that have small or random I/O reads/writes.
Warning
Support on the Burst Buffer has been reduced, therefore its usage is discouraged: please check the current limitations.
#### Temporary per-node Shifter file system¶
Shifter users can access a fast, per-node xfs file system to improve I/O.
#### Local temporary file system¶
Compute nodes have a small amount of temporary local storage that can be used to improve I/O.
## Data sharing¶
Sharing data with other users must be done carefully. Permissions should be set to the minimum necessary to achieve the desired access. For instance, consider carefully whether it's really necessary before sharing write permissions on data, often just read permissions are enough. Be sure to have archived backups of any critical shared data. It is also important to ensure that private login secrets (like SSH private keys or apache htaccess files) are not shared with other users (either intentionally or accidentally). Good practice is to keep things like this in a separate directory that is as locked down as possible (e.g. by removing group and other permissions with chmod g-rwx,o-rwx <directory>, please see our permissions page for a full discussion).
Also take a look at the NERSC Data Management policy.
### Sharing Data Inside NERSC¶
#### Sharing Data Within Your Project¶
The easiest way to share data within your project at NERSC is to use the Community File System (CFS). Permissions on CFS directories are set up to be group readable and writable by default, and any permissions drift can be corrected by the PIs using the PI toolbox.
PIs can also request an HPSS Project Directory to share HPSS data within their project.
#### Sharing Data Outside Your Project¶
If you want to share just a few files a single time, you can use NERSC's give/take utilty.
If you want to share with multiple users, you might want to consider setting the linux permissions such that they're accessible for multiple users.
If you have a large volume of data you'd like to share with several NERSC users outside your project, you may want to consider creating a dedicated top-level CFS directory that's shared between projects. Project PIs can request a new CFS directory and can also request that directory be owned by a linux group made up of users from different projects.
### Sharing Data Outside of NERSC¶
Data on the Community File System can also be shared with users outside of NERSC through Globus Guest Collections.
Data can also be shared via Science Gateways.
| 2022-11-30T10:40:49 |
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|
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/concepts-sources-methods/australian-system-national-accounts-concepts-sources-and-methods/2020-21/chapter-21-state-accounts/gross-operating-surplus-and-gross-mixed-income
|
Latest release
# Gross operating surplus and gross mixed income
Australian System of National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods
Reference period
2020-21 financial year
21.60 Gross operating surplus (GOS) is the surplus accruing from the production of enterprises, and from the ownership of dwellings. For the general government sector, GOS is equal to the consumption of fixed capital.
21.61 Gross mixed income (GMI) is the surplus accruing from the production of unincorporated enterprises. State level GOS and GMI estimates are then published by industry in an aggregated form as gross operating surplus and mixed income (GOSMI).
21.62 State by industry estimates of GOS and GMI are only calculated annually. There are no quarterly estimates for GOS or GMI by state
## Gross operating surplus
21.63 Annual state by industry splits of GOS are produced using a top-down approach. National industry estimates of GOS by sector are apportioned across states and territories using relevant indicators. The state by industry indicators used to split the national benchmarks differ by industry and are determined by sector.
21.64 State by sector splits of GOS are calculated for each industry division and then aggregated to produce total state GOS by industry.
## Annual state by industry private non-financial corporations GOS
21.65 Indicators of private sector GOS are predominantly based on state by industry division sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS). Other data are used as indicators where they are more relevant or where EAS is not available.
21.66 The following tables provide additional detail on the method and data sources used to estimate private sector state GOS by industry:
Table 21.7 Private non-functional corporations gross operating surplus – Manufacturing (Division C), Electricity, gas, water and waste services (Division D), Wholesale trade (Division F), Accommodation and food services (Division H), Transport, postal and warehousing (Division I), Information media and telecommunications (Division J), Rental, hiring and real estate services (Division L), Professional, scientific and technical services (Division M), Administrative and support services (Division N), Arts and recreation services (Division R), and Other services (Division S)
ItemComment
Method
National private non-financial corporation GOS is apportioned across states and territories by industry using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year
Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales estimates. Those extrapolated values are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories by industry.
2006-07 to reference year
Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national GOS across states and territories by industry.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Table 21.8 Private non-financial corporations gross operating surplus by industry for Agriculture, forestry and fishing (Division a)
ItemComment
Method
National Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing GOS is apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year
Industry output data (see calculation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing gross value added by state) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data and derive state output indicators which are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
2006-07 to previous year
Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Table 21.9 Private non-financial corporations gross operating surplus by industry for Mining (Division b)
ItemComment
Method
National Mining GOS is apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
All years
Industry output data (see the calculation of Mining gross value added by state) is used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Table 21.10 Private non-financial corporations gross operating surplus by industry for Construction (Division e)
ItemComment
Method
National Construction GOS is apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
2006-07 to current year
Estimates of the value of work done (see the calculation of construction related gross fixed capital formation) are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast value of construction work done from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Table 21.11 Private non-financial corporations gross operating surplus by industry for Retail trade (Division g)
ItemComment
Method
Retail Trade estimates of private non-financial corporations GOS are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
All years
Turnover data from the Retail Trade Survey is used to apportion national GOS across states and territories
Table 21.12 Private non-financial corporations gross operating surplus by industry – Public administration and safety (Division O), Education and training (Division P), and Health care and social assistance (Division Q)
ItemComment
Method
National GOS by industry are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year
Population estimates are used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
2006-07 to previous year
Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast EAS data backwards from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
## Annual state by industry public non-financial corporation GOS
21.67 Public non-financial corporations (PNFC) GOS is estimated based on GOS data collected in Government Finance Statistics.
21.68 The following table provides additional detail on the method and data sources used to estimate public non-financial corporations GOS by state:
Table 21.13 Public non-financial corporations gross operating surplus
ItemComment
Method
Public non-financial corporations GOS estimates by industry division are apportioned across states and territories using GOS indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state GOS indicator}}{\text{national GOS indicator}}\right)}$$
GOS indicator
State and local PNFC
State and local public non-financial corporations GOS data is sourced from Government Finance Statistics (GFS).
Commonwealth PNFC
Commonwealth public non-financial corporations GOS data is apportioned across states and territories using estimates of resident population.
Total PNFC
The PNFC GOS indicators for each level of government are aggregated to produce a total PNFC GOS indicator by industry.
## Annual state by industry general government GOS
21.69 General government GOS is equal to consumption of fixed capital (COFC) of general government assets. General government GOS is estimated by industry division and is apportioned across states and territories using COFC estimates derived from the state capital stock model. For the current year, population estimates are used to extrapolate forward estimates of COFC
21.70 The following table provides additional detail on the method and data sources used to estimate general government GOS by state
Table 21.14 General government gross operating surplus
ItemComment
Method
General government GOS estimates by industry division are apportioned across states and territories using consumption of fixed capital (COFC) indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state COFC indicator}}{\text{national COFC indicator}}\right)}$$
COFC indicator
Current year
Population estimates are used to extrapolate forward estimates of consumption of fixed capital. The resulting values are then used to apportion national general government GOS across states and territories.
Prior to the current year
For values prior to the current year, estimates of consumption of fixed capital from the state capital stock model are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
## Annual state financial and insurance services GOS
21.71 Financial and Insurance Services GOS is estimated using a top-down approach. National GOS for each subdivision is apportioned across states and territories using estimates of hours worked from the Labour force Survey. GOS by subdivision estimates are then aggregated to produce Financial and Insurance Services GOS by state.
21.72 The following table provides additional detail on the method and data sources used to estimate subdivision GOS by state:
Table 21.15 Gross operating surplus for Financial and insurance services (Division k)
ItemComment
Method
Financial and Insurance Services GOS for each state and territory is calculated by summing estimates of GOS by industry subdivision. National industry subdivision estimates are apportioned across states and territories according to number of hours worked:
$$\large state \space GOS_{Div. K}= \sum \limits _{n=Subdiv} \Big( national \space GOS_n × (\frac{state \space hours \space worked_n}{national \space hours \space worked_n})\big)$$
Hours worked indicator
All years
Estimates of the number of hours worked, collected in the Labour Force Survey, are used to apportion national subdivision GOS across states and territories.
## Annual ownership of dwellings GOS by state
21.73 Ownership of dwellings GOS for the household sector is estimated using a bottom-up approach but is derived residually from ownership of dwellings output.
21.74 For the other sectors, ownership of dwellings GOS is estimated using a top-down approach. National estimates of GOS are apportioned across states and territories using estimates of consumption of fixed capital derived from the state capital stock model. For the current year, population estimates are used to extrapolate forward estimates of COFC.
21.75 The following tables provide additional detail on the method and data sources used to estimate ownership of dwellings GOS by state and territory:
Table 21.16 Ownership of dwellings gross operating surplus – Sectors excluding household sector
ItemComment
Method
Ownership of dwellings GOS is derived as follows:
GOS=output
- intermediate use
- other taxes on production and imports
+ other subsidies on production and imports
Output
Ownership of dwellings output is equivalent to the estimate of household final consumption expenditure on imputed and actual dwelling rent which is compiled for each state and territory.
The data sources and methods used to compile state estimates of
actual and imputed dwelling rent are described in the sections on household final consumption expenditure.
Intermediate use
Intermediate use related to ownership of dwellings includes:
• repairs and maintenance
• building insurance
• real estate agent commissions charged for the management of rental properties
• loan application fees, FISIM and other charges
• miscellaneous expenses.
Most of these expenses are apportioned across states and territories from national totals using a combination of data sources, including:
• the Household Expenditure Survey (conducted every six years)
• household final consumption expenditure estimates
• consumer price index estimates
Other taxes less subsidies on production and imports
Other taxes less subsidies are derived largely from GFS data, relating mainly to rates and land taxes and public housing subsidies. Other taxes less subsidies on production and imports relating to state and local governments are allocated directly to the state in which they are collected or paid.
Table 21.17 Ownership of dwellings gross operating surplus – Sectors excluding household sector
ItemComment
Method
Ownership of dwellings GOS estimates are apportioned across states and territories using consumption of fixed capital (COFC) indicators by sector:
$$\large{ \text {state GOS} = \text{national GOS} \times \left(\frac{\text{state COFC indicator}}{\text{national COFC indicator}}\right)}$$
COFC indicator
Current year
Population estimates are used to extrapolate forward estimates of consumption of fixed capital to derive a state indicator which is used to national GOS across states and territories.
Prior to the current year
For values prior to the current year, estimates of consumption of fixed capital from the state capital stock model are used to apportion national GOS across states and territories.
## Gross mixed income
21.76 Annual state by industry splits of GMI are produced using a top-down approach. National industry estimates of GMI are apportioned across states and territories using relevant indicators.
21.77 The following tables detail the method and data sources used to estimate state by industry division GMI.
Table 21.18 Gross mixed income – Agriculture, forestry and fishing (farm)
ItemComment
Method
Estimates of farm GMI are apportioned across states and territories using an output indicator calculated residually from Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (AFF) gross value added:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
The farm GMI output indicator is derived as follows:
Indicator = AFF gross value added
- AFF wages and salaries
- AFF gross operating surplus
- AFF other taxes less subsidies on production
Table 21.19 Gross mixed income by industry for Agriculture, forestry and fishing (non-farm)
ItemComment
Method
Estimates of non-farm GMI in the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing industry division are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
All years
Forestry and Fishing output data, derived in the calculation of gross value added, is used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Table 21.20 Gross mixed income by industry – Mining (Division B), Manufacturing (Division C), Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services (Division D), Wholesale Trade (Division F), Transport, Postal and Warehousing (Division I), Information Media and Telecommunications (Division J), Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services (Division L), Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (Division M), and Administrative and Support Services (Division N)
ItemComment
Method
For the industry divisions listed above, estimates of GMI are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year
Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
2006-07 to reference year
Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Table 21.21 Gross mixed income by industry for Construction (Division E)
ItemComment
Method
Estimates of Construction GMI are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year
Values of work done from the Building Activity Survey are used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
2006-07 to reference year
Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Table 21.22 Gross mixed income by industry for Retail trade (Division G)
ItemComment
Method
Estimates of Retail Trade GMI are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year to 2006-07
Turnover data from the Retail Trade Survey is used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast Retail Trade Survey turnover data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Table 21.23 Gross mixed income by industry for Accommodation and food services (Division H)
ItemComment
Method
Estimates of Accommodation and Food Services GMI are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year to 2006-07
Estimates of household final consumption expenditure (HFCE) on hotels, cafes and restaurants are used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast HFCE on hotels, cafes and restaurants from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Table 21.24 Gross mixed income by industry – Education and Training (Division P), Health Care and Social Assistance (Division Q), Arts and Recreation Services (Division R), and Other Services (Division S)
ItemComment
Method
For the industry divisions listed above, estimates of GMI are apportioned across states and territories using relevant output indicators:
$$\large{ \text {state GMI} = \text{national GMI} \times \left(\frac{\text{state output indicator}}{\text{national output indicator}}\right)}$$
Output indicator
Current year
Estimates of household final consumption expenditure (HFCE) by relevant spending categories are used to extrapolate forward sales data from the Economic Activity Survey. Those extrapolated values are used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
2006-07 to previous year
Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
Prior to 2006-07
For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those output indicators are used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national GMI across states and territories.
| 2021-11-30T23:50:33 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10130288-measurements-top-quark-pair-differential-double-differential-cross-sections-ell-+jets-channel-pp-collisions-sqrt-tev-using-atlas-detector
|
Measurements of top-quark pair differential and double-differential cross-sections in the $$\ell$$ℓ+jets channel with pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector
| 2022-10-04T19:06:22 |
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|
http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.7
|
# §32.7 Bäcklund Transformations
## §32.7(i) Definition
With the exception of , a Bäcklund transformation relates a Painlevé transcendent of one type either to another of the same type but with different values of the parameters, or to another type.
## §32.7(ii) Second Painlevé Equation
Let be a solution of . Then the transformations
32.7.1
and
32.7.2
furnish solutions of , provided that . also has the special transformation
or equivalently,
with and , where satisfies with , , and satisfies with .
The solutions , , satisfy the nonlinear recurrence relation
32.7.5
See Fokas et al. (1993).
## §32.7(iii) Third Painlevé Equation
Let , , be solutions of with
Then
32.7.8
32.7.9
If and , then set and , without loss of generality. Let , , be solutions of with
32.7.15
Then
32.7.16
32.7.17
Similar results hold for with and .
Furthermore,
32.7.18
## §32.7(iv) Fourth Painlevé Equation
Let and , , be solutions of with
Then
valid when the denominators are nonzero, and where the upper signs or the lower signs are taken throughout each transformation. See Bassom et al. (1995).
## §32.7(v) Fifth Painlevé Equation
Let , , be solutions of with
Then
32.7.25
32.7.26
Let and be solutions of , where
and , , independently. Also let
and assume . Then
32.7.29
provided that the numerator on the right-hand side does not vanish. Again, since , , independently, there are eight distinct transformations of type .
## §32.7(vi) Relationship Between the Third and Fifth Painlevé Equations
Let be a solution of and
32.7.30
with . Then
satisfies with
## §32.7(vii) Sixth Painlevé Equation
Let , , be solutions of with
32.7.33
32.7.34
32.7.35
Then
32.7.39
32.7.40
32.7.41
The transformations , for , generate a group of order 24. See Iwasaki et al. (1991, p. 127).
Let and be solutions of with
32.7.43
and
32.7.44
for , where
32.7.45
Then
also has quadratic and quartic transformations. Let be a solution of . The quadratic transformation
transforms with and to with . The quartic transformation
transforms with to with . Also,
32.7.49
32.7.50
transforms with and to with and .
## §32.7(viii) Affine Weyl Groups
See Okamoto (1986, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c), Sakai (2001), Umemura (2000).
| 2013-06-20T02:59:28 |
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|
https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/wilkes-expedition-revisits-k-lauea
|
# Wilkes Expedition Revisits Kīlauea
Release Date:
The U.S. Exploring Expedition returned to Kīlauea last week, in the form of a riveting "After Dark in the Park" program delivered by Herman Viola of the Smithsonian Institution.
View of crater, Kīlauea by Artist: J. Drayton / Engraver: Jordan and Halpin.
(Public domain.)
In 1985, Viola led a team of scholars who spent four years assembling a Smithsonian exhibit and book about the expedition, both titled Magnificent Voyagers. The expedition explored much of the Pacific basin, including Hawai‘i, from 1838-42. The "Ex. Ex.," as it was known when the voyage set sail, is now more commonly referred to as the Wilkes Expedition after its leader, Lieutenant Charles Wilkes.
The expedition was motivated by a combination of commercial, diplomatic, and scientific concerns. One of its main objectives was to survey and make accurate charts of numerous Pacific island chains, the coastline of the Pacific Northwest, and the Antarctic region, where the existence of land at the South Pole was still a matter of dispute.
Nine civilian "Scientifics," including two artists, accompanied the expedition. Of this group, the scientist who would go on to make the biggest mark in his field was the geologist James Dwight Dana. Only 25 years old when he joined the expedition, Dana had already published his "System of Mineralogy," which he continued to revise throughout his lifetime, establishing the system of mineral classification that is still in use today.
Dana was responsible for the most significant scientific contributions produced by the expedition. Like his contemporary Darwin, he possessed a striking ability to synthesize many disparate observations into a single theory that brought the big picture into focus.
Independent of Darwin, he realized that coral atolls evolved from volcanic islands with fringing reefs. Moreover, during the many months that the expedition spent charting islands throughout the south Pacific, Dana came to recognize the significance of linear island chains and deduced the age progression within each chain.
With the advent of plate-tectonic theory more than a century in the future, however, Dana's explanation of the age progression of Hawaiian Islands fell short. Observing the progressive erosion of the islands as he sailed up the chain to the northwest, Dana erroneously concluded that all the volcanoes had formed simultaneously, then had become extinct starting from the northwest end of the chain.
Dana's contributions to the scientific success of the expedition transcended his own specialty. In the decade following the expedition, he wrote not only the report on geology, but also the volumes on coral and crustaceans. His experience in the Pacific led to a life-long interest in volcanology, culminating in an influential book on the subject written in his 70s.
The Wilkes Expedition is probably better known among scientists on the Big Island than by our counterparts anywhere else in the country. The expedition split up when it reached Hawai‘i and visited the Big Island in two parties. Dana's group spent only five days on the island, traveling overland from Kealakekua to Hilo, via the summit caldera of Kīlauea, which was then in constant eruption. In spite of the brevity of his visit, Dana gained key insights into the nature of Hawaiian volcanism.
We know what Kīlauea's caldera looked like at that time, thanks to Dana's shipmate, Titian Peale, an expedition naturalist and artist. Peale is a familiar name in Hawai‘i, because his many sketches and paintings of Kīlauea's summit have been widely reproduced in histories of the island.
Wilkes' ship, meanwhile, anchored in Hilo Bay for three months. With the help of the missionary Dr. Gerrit Judd, Wilkes assembled a large group of Hawaiian porters to ferry his cumbersome instruments and supplies to the summit of Mauna Loa, where the party camped for three weeks in mid-winter. In spite of horrific storms, Wilkes persevered, completing geophysical and meteorological measurements and producing the first map of Mokuaweoweo, Mauna Loa's summit caldera. The rock walls that the Wilkes party erected around their camp are still visible on the east rim of the caldera.
Two members of the expedition climbed Mauna Kea, and several others traveled the length of Kīlauea's east rift zone. The latter produced a map of the recent lava flow of 1840, which had traversed lower Puna and entered the ocean, forming the Nanawale Sand Hills. Their map remained the most accurate one of a Kīlauea eruption for almost a century.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
### Volcano Activity Update
This past week, activity levels at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano have remained at background levels. The summit caldera has been expanding, indicating inflation, since the beginning of 2007. The number of earthquakes located in the summit area is at low levels (usually fewer than 10 per day are large enough to locate).
Eruptive activity at Puu Oo continues. On clear nights, glow is visible from several vents within the crater. Lava is fed through the PKK lava tube from its source on the southwest flank of Puu Oo to the ocean. About 1 km south of Puu Oo, the Campout flow branches off from the PKK tube. The PKK tube feeds a long-lived ocean entry at East Laeapuki, while the Campout tube is the source for ocean entries East Kailiili and Kamokuna. All three ocean entries are located inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
As of March 9, the East Kailiili entry was dead and East Laeapuki much diminished. Kamokuna is now the dominant entry. In the last week, intermittent breakouts from the Campout and PKK tubes have been seen on the slope of Pulama pali and on the coastal plain. A breakout from the Campout tube below the pali continues to host minor surface flows inland from the sea cliff at East Laeapuki and on the bench below.
Access to the sea cliff near the ocean entries is closed, due to significant hazards. The surrounding area, however, is open. If you visit the eruption site, check with the rangers for current updates, and remember to carry lots of water when venturing out onto the flow field.
One earthquake beneath Hawai‘i Island was reported felt within the past week. A magnitude-2.2 earthquake occurred at 11:01 a.m. H.s.t on Friday, March 9, and was located 9 km (6 miles) west of Waikoloa Village at a depth of 34 km (21 miles). It is the most recent of nearly 500 aftershocks from the October 15, magnitude-6.7 earthquake.
Mauna Loa is not erupting. During the past week, earthquake activity was at low levels beneath the volcano's summit (three earthquakes were located). Extension of distances between locations spanning the summit, indicating inflation, continues at slow rates.
| 2020-01-19T12:33:51 |
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|
https://misologia.fandom.com/wiki/Shephard%27s_Lemma?oldid=3917
|
## FANDOM
15 Pages
5) The Hicksian demand function can be related to the expenditure function by
$h_{i}({\mathbf{p}}, u) = \partial e(\mathbf{p}, u)/\partial p_{i} \,$
## Derivation
This derivation uses the envelope theorem.
1) The expenditure function returns the cost-minimizing value for reaching a fixed level of utility $u \,$ at given prices $\mathbf{p}$. As such, it is the result of a constrained optimization problem:
$\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x}) = px-\lambda (U(x)-u)$ with the FOCs:
$\partial \mathcal{L}/\partial{x_{i}} = 0 \leftrightarrow p_{i}=\lambda \partial U(x)/ \partial x_{i}$ for $i=1,...k \,$
$\partial \mathcal{L}/ \partial \lambda = 0 \leftrightarrow U(x) = u$
where the resulting optimal $\mathbf{x\,}$ are given by $x_{i}^{*}=h_{i}(p_{i},u) \,$ and the cost-minimizing expenditure is given by $e(p,U)=h(p,u) \cdot p \,$
2) Differentiate the optimal expenditure function with respect to $p_{i} \,$ using the Chain rule:
$\partial e(p,u) / \partial p_{i} = \partial h_{i}(\mathbf{p},u)\cdot p_{i} + h_{i}(\mathbf{p}, u)$
3) Replace $p_{i}\,$ by the FOC of the original optimization problem:
$\partial e(\mathbf{p},u) / \partial p_{i} = \partial h_{i}(\mathbf{p},u) \cdot \lambda \partial U(x)/ \partial x_{i} + h_{i}(\mathbf{p},u)$
4) Differentiate the budget constraint FOC from (1) with respect to $x_{i}\,$:
$\partial U(x)/\partial x_{i} = 0\,$
5) Inserting this optimality condition into (3), we get the result:
$h_{i}(\mathbf{p},u) =\partial e(p,u)/ \partial p_{i}$
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
| 2020-09-29T17:32:08 |
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|
https://userbase.kde.org/index.php?title=User:Hans/Examples2&diff=next&oldid=170366
|
# Difference between revisions of "User:Hans/Examples2"
## Basic formatting
You type You get
```== Level 2 ==
=== Level 3 ===
==== Level 4 ====
===== Level 5 =====
====== Level 6 ======
```
## Level 2
### Level 3
#### Level 4
##### Level 5
###### Level 6
Section headings define the structure of the page and is used to generate the Table of Contents. They are created by putting two or more `=` characters at each end of the section heading.
Remember
`= Level 1 =` is reserved for page titles and should not be used.
### Paragraphs and newlines
You type You get
```This is a paragraph.
This belongs to the same paragraph.
This starts a new paragraph.
You can manually insert a newline like this. <br />
Use this feature sparingly.
```
This is a paragraph. This belongs to the same paragraph.
This starts a new paragraph.
You can manually insert a newline like this.
Use this feature sparingly.
Paragraphs are created by separating two blocks of text with at least one empty line.
### Text formatting
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`'''Bold text'''`
Bold text
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Bold and italic text
### Lists
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```
• One
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```
1. One
2. Two
1. Two point one
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: definition 1
;item 2
: definition 2-1
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```
item 1
definition 1
item 2
definition 2-1
definition 2-2
Note
Please remember, that long lists are a problem for translators. With single level bulleted lists, place each bullet in a section of its own, i.e. make a blank line between bullets. With two levels of bullets the subitems must be kept in the same section as their top level bullet; if you have to use subbullets, please keep the sublists short! With enumerations involved, you must keep everything in one unit. Please try to avoid enumerations, and if you find that you must use them try to keep them short.
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```No indent (normal)
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Multiple indents can cause problems and should not be used anymore.
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You type You get
```To make '''bold text''',
use <nowiki>'''bold text'''</nowiki>```
To make bold text, use '''bold text'''
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## Common elements
### Code
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```
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You type
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The code in this box is input by the user
Indent with whitespace
</nowiki>}}```
You get
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Indent with whitespace
```
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You type
```{{Output|1=<nowiki>
This is some output the user would read from e.g. Konsole
It works in a similar way as the input box above
</nowiki>}}```
You get
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It works in a similar way as the input box above
```
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# The input and output box also support syntax highlighting
# This is useful for displaying source code, in this example some PHP code
# Initialise common code
\$preIP = dirname( __FILE__ );
require_once( "\$preIP/includes/WebStart.php" );
</syntaxhighlight>}}
```
You get
```1 # The input and output box also support syntax highlighting
2 # This is useful for displaying source code, in this example some PHP code
3
4 # Initialise common code
5 \$preIP = dirname( __FILE__ );
6 require_once( "\$preIP/includes/WebStart.php" );
```
Description You type You get
`[[Special:myLanguage/Dolphin|Dolphin]]`
Dolphin
```[[Special:myLanguage/Dolphin|Custom text]]
```
Custom text
```[http://kde.org An external link]
```
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### More examples
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## Icons
Click on to open the desktop Tool Box.
Tip
(to be rewritten) The argument should be the same as the icon name in icon themes. If the icon doesn't exist yet, see ?? for more information about how to upload it.
### Quotes
This is a quote from another page
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## Special text?
### Dates
Dates are written as 18 Mar 2011. The month is either spelled out completely or in abbreviated form (first three letters), and the year is in 4-digit format. The day may be single or double-digit.
### Keyboard keys and shortcuts
Press Enter
You can use Alt + Shift + E to edit a page in UserBase.
### Menus and sequence of choices?
A sequence of menu choices should look like this: File -> Create New -> Folder...
Other sequences have a similar look, for example System Settings -> Hardware -> Multimedia
### Filenames and paths
This is an example of a filename: some_file.txt
A path is written in a similar way: ~/some/path/
## Application pages
### Application screenshot and description
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### KDE3 and KDE SC 4 versions
If you write about the KDE3 version of an application, you should use this icon.
If information about the KDE SC 4 version appears an the same page, you can use this icon.
### Community applications
For community applications not distributed as core KDE applications, add {{Community-app}} to the bottom of the page. It shows up like this:
Content is available under Creative Commons License SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted.
| 2019-08-21T03:55:10 |
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|
https://datasciencecampus.ons.gov.uk/projects/quality-and-methodology-extent-and-change-of-surface-water-statistics/
|
# Quality and methodology: Extent and change of surface water statistics
This is a report on the quality and methodology of data used to produce extent and change of surface water statistics, detailing the strengths and limitations of the data, methods used, and data uses and users.
## 1. Output information
Non-official statistics produced under the Voluntary Application of the Code of Practice for Statistics Data collection Sustainable Development Goal indicator 6.6.1: Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time Frequency Annual How compiled Secondary data derived from satellite imagery Geographic coverage UK Related publications UK data for Sustainable Development Goals
The data described here are estimates the Office for National Statistics (ONS) has curated as part of their role in reporting UK data to measure the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The ONS is not publishing these data as official statistics. This is because they are extracted from a new data source that uses innovative methods, subject to amendment, and so further understanding is need around it’s fitness-for-purpose and continued quality.
This report has been compiled as part of the ONS Data Science Campus’s ambitions to comply with the Voluntary Application of the Code of Practice for Statistics and the standards of Trustworthiness, Quality and Value that underpin the Code.
This report is based on the format of a Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) report. It contains information on the quality characteristics of the data (including the European Statistical System’s dimensions of quality) as well as the methods used to create it.
• understand the strengths and limitations of the data
• learn about existing uses and users of the data
• understand the methods used to create the data
• decide suitable uses for the data
• reduce the risk of misusing the data
## 3. Important points
• The indicator has been estimated using data on water extent automatically classified from satellite imagery rather than being captured by topographic ground survey.
• It is important to understand sources and levels of uncertainty in data produced in such a way; these include classification accuracy, quantity of valid observations made and the resolution of the imagery.
• Currently, the data only measure a subset of the complete indicator: the spatial extent and change of inland, lake and reservoir, open waters.
## 4. Quality summary
### Overview
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of ambitious goals and targets designed to make the world a better place by ending poverty, halting climate change and reducing inequalities. This work programme is part of the country’s commitment to the 2030 agenda on sustainable development.
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is fulfilling the mandate placed on all National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) by the UN General Assembly to coordinate and report on the global SDG indicators. We aim to shine a light on who is being “left behind” so policymakers can act, and we aim to support colleagues across the world develop capability.
Target 6.6 is to protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes by 2020.
These data are being used to report on SDG indicator 6.6.1: Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time. The UN metadata for this indicator are available. Currently, these data only measure a subset of the complete indicator: the spatial extent and change of inland, lake and reservoir, open waters.
### Uses and users
There are various user types that have been identified for the UK SDG data site (for more information on user research, see the
• concerned citizen – “Tell me what the goals are and what is being done about them”
• connected influencer – “Give me a tool that will support my ambitions and give me a louder voice”
• fact gatherer – “I just need to quickly see what progress is being made and check the facts”
• involved analyst – “I just want the data so I can do my own thing from it”
• custodian agencies – UN bodies responsible for compiling and verifying country data submitted by national bodies
• Civil Society stakeholders (for example, the UK Stakeholders for Sustainable Development)
### Strengths and limitations
The main strengths of these data are:
• the underlying Global Surface Water data have been produced by water experts at the UN Environment Programme and the European Commission Joint Research Centre for the purposes of monitoring this SDG; this was done in recognition of a lack of alternative data sources for monitoring change over time in both transient and permanent water
• the methods to produce the data are comprehensively described and peer reviewed; the accuracy of results has been tested against 400,000 samples
• the data are open and available for the entire world, providing data that can be compared internationally
The main limitations of these data are:
• in using the underlying data source, certain quality trade-offs have needed to be made, which have favoured the ability to measure change over time over the accuracy and spatial resolution of the data, if compared to surveyed topographic sources.
• the complexity of producing the underlying data means they are only generated once a year
• the underlying data have been restricted to authoritative national boundaries, which may mean some divergence from figures reported internationally
• at this time, the data only report on a subset of water ecosystems covered by the indicator and do not discriminate categories of water within this (for example, anthropogenic versus natural water bodies)
### Recent improvements
Plans are currently being developed to produce a data series using higher resolution Sentinel imagery. It is envisaged this product will be available over the next two years.
## 5. Quality characteristics of extent and change of surface water data
This section describes the quality and characteristics of the data from a range of perspectives, and it highlights issues in using this information that may result from these.
### Relevance
Relevance is the degree to which the statistical product meets user needs for both coverage and content.
These statistics have been produced in relation to the measurement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 6.6.1: Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time. The indicator focuses on a variety of water-related ecosystems important to the provision of services to society including wetlands, open waters (rivers and estuaries, lakes, and reservoirs) and groundwater aquifers. The methodology (PDF, 802KB) for the indicator identifies four sub-indicators: the spatial extent of water-related ecosystems; the quantity of water contained within those ecosystems; the quality of water contained within those ecosystems; and the health or state of them.
The statistics draw on a global dataset that has been produced by the UN Environment Programme (the custodian agency), the European Commission Joint Research Centre and Google for the purposes of measuring this indicator. This applies a consistent algorithm to classify water annually and across 35 years of historical Landsat satellite imagery.
This provides a historical baseline against which to measure the indicator, allows consistent statistics to be generated for the entire UK and provides a basis for international comparability.
However, while this resource fills a gap in data available to measure indicator 6.6.1, it only provides a part of the information targeted by the methodology. Specifically, it measures the spatial extent or area (sub-indicator 6.6.1a) for inland, lake and reservoir, open waters as:
• annual extent of inland surface water broken down by i) permanent and ii) seasonal for each of the HydroBASINS areas
• change in mean extent of surface water broken down by i) permanent and ii) seasonal for each of the HydroBASINS areas
The change in extent is calculated as:
$$\text{Percentage Change in Spatial Extent} = \frac{\text{γ – β}}{\text{β}}$$
where:
β = the average national extent from 2001 to 2005
γ = the average national extent of any other five-year period
### Accuracy and reliability
Accuracy and reliability are the degree of closeness between an estimate and the true value.
The statistics have been derived from satellite imagery, which measures characteristics in the electromagnetic spectrum of sunlight reflected by the Earth’s surface at the point of capture. The approach employs a model that classifies this spectral information in different places as “water” or another type of land cover. This approach differs from methods used to capture water in topographic mapping, where trained surveyors measure the boundaries of every individual water feature either in the field or using very high-resolution aerial photography.
This difference in approaches means that data derived from satellite imagery have more error and uncertainty. This will be related to:
• the resilience of the model to subtle variations in the appearance of water, resulting in misclassifying water as non-water (errors omission or false positives), or misclassifying non-water as water (errors of commission or false negatives)
• obscuring of the earth surface because of the presence of cloud when satellite observations were taken, which can particularly result in changes in seasonal water being missed
• uncertainty in classification of a pixel where spectral profiles are mixed together from multiple land cover types at that location, for example, along the edges of a waterbody
• the lower level of human intervention in the process to check every instance of water that was automatically classified
• the resolution at which the satellite imagery being classified was captured at, below which water features will not be detected; these data used Landsat imagery with a pixel resolution of 30m (900m2), though in general it is safer to assume that only water bodies of double that resolution will be actually detected (around a third of a hectare)
The source data have been validated across the globe and over time using over 40,000 reference points. Based on this, it is estimated the model produces less than 1% false-positive detections of water (commissions) and less the 5% false negatives (omissions).
An analysis of the data over time has been conducted to identify anomalies and better understand their reliability. The Global Surface Water data contain two periods of anomalous data: 1991 to 1997 and 2004 to 2008. The former is because of either missing or misclassified Global Surface Water data resulting in the absence of spatial extent (excluding 1994). The latter is because of cloud cover diminishing suitable images for the Global Surface Water Explorer (GSWE) to derive water. Despite anomalies, with the introduction of Landsat 8 from 2013, the data become consistent and suggest an improvement in reliability. Further analysis of reliability is reported in Annex 1: Source data quality assurance.
To understand the effect that the pixel resolution has on the data’s omission of water features, much higher resolution SPOT imagery (6m) of Kent, UK was resampled to 10m, 20m and 30m. These were then used to classify water. As expected, using a higher resolution (6m and 10m) enables the classification of finer “water” features as well as delineating smoother water boundaries. However, using a higher resolution also introduces additional noise and begins to classify roads and buildings as water. Using the 6m and 10m images, 73% and 57% of classified water features are below 180m2. When using a 30m resolution, finer water features such as rivers are not captured. A 20m resolution can capture finer features in the image, such as rivers, while minimising additional noise. Additional analysis is described in Annex 2: Pixel resolution.
The spatial resolution of the source data means that most rivers as well as fine-grained, but extensive, wetland ecosystems are not captured by the underlying dataset, for example, the Fens and the Somerset levels. For the most part, these types of water ecosystem are out-of-scope for the sub-indicator being estimated. However, small but potentially significant ponds and lake bodies will also have been missed. The resolution might be compared with that used in reporting for other national initiatives for water bodies. In England and Wales, only water bodies of at least five hectares are typically designated under the Water Framework Directive, substantially larger than the area of those captured in this dataset, though smaller water bodies may also be designated because of their significance (for example, Sites of Special Scientific Interest).
In consequence, the statistics are likely to be less sensitive to changes in areas where the surface water is mainly confined to channels or very small water bodies than areas with significant inland water bodies or flood plains. Even then, changes in the extent of such water bodies below the 30m pixel resolution are unlikely to be detected.
### Coherence and comparability
Coherence is the degree to which data that are derived from different sources or methods, but refer to the same topic, are similar.
Comparability is the degree to which data can be compared over time and domain, for example, geographic level.
The extent of permanent water bodies in the UK is captured by the national mapping agencies: the Ordnance Survey and Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland. In Annex 3: Coherence, we compare the coherence in locations of water between different Great Britain sources having (approximately) accounted for differences in spatial resolutions. We identify errors of commission and omission of around 2% by area, though much of this can also be accounted for in terms of the approximation in the methods to make the datasets a comparable resolution. A very small number of notable anomalies are identified related to artificial waterbodies, for example, a dockyard. Such occurrences were rare and within the stated accuracy levels of the source data.
### Accessibility and clarity
Accessibility is the ease with which users are able to access the data, also reflecting the format in which the data are available and the availability of supporting information. Clarity refers to the quality and sufficiency of the release details, illustrations and accompanying advice.
The underlying Global Surface Water data are made available online and through the Google Earth Engine, an open platform for Earth observation analysis. The release includes complete technical documentation on how the product is created and a user guide.
The statistics for the UK are made available online through the national reporting platform. This site follows the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and has achieved AA standard. It allows statistics to be presented online with interactive charts, maps and tables and downloaded free of charge in CSV format. Background information and supporting documentation are provided alongside data.
### Timeliness and punctuality
Timeliness refers to the lapse of time between publication and the period to which the data refer. Punctuality refers to the gap between planned and actual publication dates.
Owing to the intensity of computations involved in running the global algorithm to produce the underlying data, the GSWE product is only produced on an annual basis. This is planned for the end of February each year (for example, the monthly data for January would only be available in February 2019).
To allow time to extract and process these data for national reporting, the updates on the national reporting platform are planned for March in each year.
### Concepts and definitions (including list of changes to definitions)
Concepts and definitions describe the legislation governing the output and a description of the classifications used in the output.
Permanent water is land surface that is permanently underwater throughout the year.
Seasonal water is land surface that is underwater for less than 12 months of the year, in a given year.
Ephemeral water is land surface that is episodically underwater in different years.
HydroBASINS are spatial boundaries defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) based on the watersheds of major hydrological systems (for example, rivers).
### Geography (including list of changes to boundaries)
Estimates are produced for the UK aggregated by HydroBASINS.
### Why you can trust our data
The fitness-for-purpose of the data for reporting change in surface water in the UK has been considered using the Voluntary Application of the Code of Practice for Statistics and its pillars of Trustworthiness, Quality and Value. This has included:
• close engagement with the provider of the source data
• use of the Quality Assurance of Administrative Data (QAAD) framework for systematically reviewing non-conventional sources of data, in consultation with statisticians from the Government Statistical Service (GSS) Quality Centre
• the production of this report on quality measurement
## 6. Methods used to produce the extent and change of surface water data
### How we collect the data, main data sources and accuracy
The statistics are derived from the Yearly History imagery product produced by the UN Environment Programme and the European Commission Joint Research Centre and obtained using the Google Earth Engine platform. Statistics are extracted from this site to allow the application of authoritative mean high water national boundaries for reporting UK statistics.
The code performing the extraction is available on the Data Science Campus’ GitHub page.
### How we process the data
Preparing the statistics undergoes the following processes:
• Global Surface Water Explorer (GSWE) imagery is extracted from Google Earth Engine with a mask applied that excludes pixels that had no observations because of cloud cover during baseline years
• the HydroBASINs are clipped to the national boundary (mean high water mark) as of December 2018
• both the HydroBASINs and GSWE exports are reprojected into a projected coordinate system (UTM zone 30N) from latitude and longitude (WGS84).
• pixel counts are aggregated to the clipped HydroBASINs and output tables are produced (that is, any data falling outside the national boundary are removed from the analysis)
• imagery classes are reclassified to ephemeral, seasonal and permanent water classes
### How we analyse and interpret the data
The data are made available through the national reporting platform. The platform includes functionality for users to view and analyse the statistics using tables, charts and maps. An example from another indicator is shown in Figure 1. Metadata describing methods and definitions are also provided.
#### Figure 1: Sustainable Development Goal indicator example
Source: The open source Open SDG platform
### How we quality assure and validate the data
Since this is a new source of data, we have conducted an initial detailed review of its quality in respect to national reporting requirements as outlined earlier and in the Annexes. We have also established a set of ongoing assurance tasks to be undertaken on subsequent updates to the data:
• review metadata on number of valid water observation and locations where confidence is low.
• review trends in permanent water over time for plausibility
• compare changes in permanent water against previous year and investigate areas where significant differences are observed
• review locations of large changes in seasonal and ephemeral water and seek corroboration for these, for example, from flood reporting
### How we disseminate the data
The data are made available online as graphs, maps and CSV files through the national reporting platform (UK SDG data site). Links to the UN methodology and national quality information are provided. In addition, important quality information is highlighted after the chart to ensure data are not misinterpreted by users.
### How we review and maintain the data processes
The quality assurance process outlined in this report has been reviewed by colleagues in the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Quality Centre as well as statisticians at the UN Environment Programme.
The data and supporting metadata are uploaded onto a feature branch of the UK SDG data website by a member of the SDG data team. This is checked by a second member of the team following a quality assurance checklist. A URL hyperlink of the feature branch is then sent to data providers (as the topic experts) for a final quality check. Once the feature branch has been checked and signed off, it is uploaded to the staging site and subsequently pushed to live. Regular contact is maintained between the data providers and SDG team, so if issues arise with the data these are communicated and acted on.
## 7. Annex 1: Source data quality assurance
The source data, Global Surface Water Explorer’s (GSWE’s) Yearly Water Classification product, was used to aggregate water extent by type (permanent, seasonal and ephemeral) to the UK’s HydroBASINs. The HydroBASINs were clipped to the UK’s 2018 mean high-water mark to exclude open water extending past coastlines and estuaries. A time series of the national water extent for each water type is shown in Figure 2.
#### Figure 2: Annual national extent of inland surface water separated by type (permanent, seasonal and ephemeral)
Source: Global Surface Water Explorer data; European Commission Joint Research Centre; and Google
Yearly water extents from 2013 onwards were found to be the most reliable, likely because of the use of Landsat 8 satellite observations launched in that year. During this period, the GSWE data show consistency with little variability, compared with previous years. The time series also shows anomalous periods, spanning multiple years, of water classification within the UK. There are two periods of anomalous data from 1991 to 1997 and 2004 to 2008.
From 1991 to 1996, the data suggest an absence of all water types, except for 1994. Further analysis of the source data shows that it has been labelled as “0” (no data) in locations of known permanent water bodies within the UK and the rest of Europe. This misclassification is also true for the monthly water classification dataset within these periods. It is unclear if this misclassification is an issue with the Google Earth Engine platform or an error in the dataset itself. The water history datasets will be made available in the near future.
For the second period of anomalous data (2004 to 2008), national water extent was considerably lower than years either side of this period. This is because of a lack of availability in suitable satellite imagery from which to derive water, as a result of cloud cover when observations were made. Yearly water classifications are derived from the monthly dataset, where a pixel is classified as “0” (no data), “1” (not water) or “2” (water). Each pixel in a month can therefore be reclassified to represent “no data” or an “observation” (“0” and “1” respectively). A summation of each pixel, over a given period, would show a pixel’s total observations over time.
Analysis of the total observations across this anomalous five-year period, shown in Figure 3, shows that data availability diminishes as latitude increases, likely because of cloud cover. Despite the maximum observations a pixel can have being 60, during this period the observed maximum was 35. The absence of observations therefore results in the lack of available GSWE data and accounts for diminished surface water extents during this period.
#### Figure 3: Total number of observations each pixel had from January 2004 to December 2008
Source: Global Surface Water Explorer data; European Commission Joint Research Centre; and Google
Furthermore, 2004 and 2005 fall within a baseline period (2001 to 2005) used to calculate percentage change in spatial extent. To mitigate the impact on the calculation from missing data within the baseline period, the modal value of each pixel was used to create the average baseline. A very small number of pixels with no observations over the baseline period were masked in subsequent years to prevent comparison to no data values.
## 8. Annex 2: Pixel resolution
To understand the implications of pixel resolution on water classification, high-resolution SPOT imagery of the River Medway in Kent was obtained through the Space for Smarter Government Programme and resampled to varying resolutions. The high-resolution SPOT image (6m) was downsampled to 10m, 20m and 30m images. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was carried out on each of the images, and “water” features were classified using an adaptive triangle threshold. With water features identified for each image, they were upsampled back to a 6m resolution for comparison (see Figure 4).
Overlapping each layer’s water classification shows that, for the most part, a resolution of 30m is sufficient to identify major (but not minor) water bodies (see Figure 4). As expected, the higher the resolution the more water identified. A greater resolution provides greater detail around water features and the ability to detect smaller features (for example, creeks). However, there is additional noise as a result of increased variability introduced at a greater resolution (Figure 5, image B). At a resolution of 10m, road networks begin to be misclassified as water as they can have similar reflectance properties. This type of misclassification is less abundant with coarser resolutions of 20m and 30m.
While an image at a 30m resolution adequately classifies large areas of surface water, it fails to identify smaller areas of inland features, for instance, further up the course of the River Medway (Figure 5, image C), whereas the 10m images are able to classify the continuous body of water. However, as previously shown, noise resulting from additional resolution incorrectly identifies a road that crosses perpendicular to the river as “water”. Figure 5 image C shows that the 20m resolution image is a compromise between the two resolutions, with the ability to classify water to a reasonable level of detail without incorporating additional noise.
#### Figure 5: Examples where “water” classification varies between resolution in figure 4
The additional noise that higher resolution images add to the NDWI classification can be illustrated by removing small features of connected pixels classed as “water” (see Figure 6). At a high resolution, connected objects of less than a few pixels are more likely a result of increased variability and are less likely to be part of a wider water-related ecosystem. They can, therefore, be considered to be noise. Removing small objects reduces roofs of buildings and roads being classed as “water”. As shown in Figure 6, removing small objects of less than five pixels (180m2) removes 73% and 57% of all water features classified by NDWI using a 6m and 10m resolution images, respectively.
Comparatively, using a 30m image for classification perhaps lacks the necessary detail to identify smaller bodies of water shown by the number of pixels required to remove water objects. As shown, there are advantages and disadvantages to using high- and low-resolution imagery. Therefore, the most fit-for-purpose resolution would be one that is able to identify water bodies of sufficient area while reducing the incorporation of noise and computational costs. For general purposes, using an image resolution of 20m provides adequate detail without additional noise, as shown by a more gradual curve in Figure 6.
#### Figure 6: The impact of removing water features of varying pixel sizes and the proportion of water features remaining
Source: Data derived from SPOT and Pléiades images from AIRBUS Defence & Space
#### Notes:
1. 10m, 20m and 30m water classifications were upsampled to a resolution of 6m for comparison.
## 9. Annex 3: Coherence
Coherence is the degree of similarity between data derived from different sources or methods (but on the same topic).
To analyse the coherence of the Global Surface Water Explorer (GSWE) dataset, it has been compared to an authoritative topographic data source for Great Britain produced by the Ordnance Survey. The following describes coherence in terms of the omission and commission of patches of water between each data source.
### Overall comparison
#### Figure 7: Maps comparing the extent of water bodies captured by the two data sources
The amount of detail captured in the Ordnance Survey data is clearly much higher and includes fine hydrological features like rivers and wetlands, which are not captured by the GSWE.
One reason for these differences is that the Ordnance Survey data capture the outlines of water features using high-precision surveying methods either directly in the field or using very high-resolution aerial photography. In contrast, the GSWE explorer data do not capture the outlines of features but rather classify pixels from a satellite image according to whether they are likely to be water or some other type of land cover. This means the resolution of the two sources is very different with features that are smaller or narrower than the pixel resolution (approximately twice the actual pixel resolution) being missed.
While there are limitations to the size of features captured, the GSWE data enable monitoring of change over time, which is an important aspect of the indicator. They include annual extents over the past 30 years, and within each year they include permanent and transient water (for example, seasonal flooding). Water features in the Ordnance Survey data are more static and permanent. The main purpose of using the GSWE data here is to measure sub-indicator 6.6.1a, which relates to inland open water (rivers and estuaries, lakes, and artificial waterbodies). For example, the UN indicator methodology proposes that changes in the extent of rivers and estuaries are measured in terms of flow (quantity) in addition to spatial extent. Therefore, while rivers are not well captured in the GSWE data, there are other measures by which these features can be monitored.
### Harmonisation
Given the sources use different methods and capture different levels of detail, comparing them at face value does not tell us anything about the quality of the GSWE data beyond those differences. To consider coherence, the datasets need to be made more comparable. There is no simple or exact method for doing this, given the differences in how the datasets were collected. However, approximations can be made by reducing the resolution of the Ordnance Survey data to be similar to that of the GSWE data. The following processing was undertaken to achieve this:
• generalise the boundaries of water features using erosion followed by dilation morphological operators with their distance parameters set to the GSWE pixel resolution (30m); the effect of this operation is to collapse narrow features such as rivers and streams as well as to replace narrow necks of land within or between waterbodies with water
• remove small areas remaining that are below the effective resolution of the imagery (60*60m)
• remove any water bodies not contained within the mean high-water boundary of Great Britain; similarly mask out pixels in the GSWE data that are outside the national boundary
Figure 8 compares the result of applying the harmonisation processes in two locations: the Lake District and the Fens. Red boundaries represent the generalised Ordnance Survey water features. Grey (seasonal water) to black (permanent water) is the GSWE data overlaid. Ungeneralised water features can be seen in blue.
#### Figure 8: Comparison of applying the harmonisation processes to the Lake District and the Fens.
Source: Contains Global Surface Water Explorer and OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2020)
### Omission – how much of the water recorded by Ordnance Survey is missing in the GSWE source
The purpose of this analysis is to understand how much of the generalised Ordnance Survey water is missing in the GSWE dataset, whether these omissions are systematic and what reasons can be given for this.
Because of the differences in how the datasets have been produced (described earlier), the analysis measures whether any GSWE water was found in the same location as an Ordnance Survey water feature, rather than the areal extent of agreement.
A significant disagreement between sources is found if individual waterbodies are counted with around 18% missing. However, in terms of overall area this is less than 2%. The histogram (Figure 9) illustrates this relationship. It accumulates numbers of waterbodies by their relative size, using the log of their area to aid visualisation.
#### Figure 9: Histogram of waterbodies by their relative size
Source: Contains Global Surface Water Explorer and OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2020)
It can be seen in Figure 9 that most of the missing (non-overlapping) waterbodies are small (under one hectare). To a large part, these are because of differences in the resolutions between the two data sources that were not resolved by the harmonisation procedure. Investigation of the larger missing waterbodies identified a number of anthropogenic features including the dock of a naval dockyard and a boating lake. This suggests misclassification resulting from the atypical characteristics of these features.
### Commission – how much of the GSWE water is missing from the Ordnance Survey dataset
This analysis identifies patches of contiguous water pixels in the GSWE dataset and then looks at coherence of these patches with waterbodies identified in the Ordnance Survey data.
Around 10% of the GSWE patches (by area) are found in locations where no water from the Ordnance Survey dataset was recorded. However, unlike the Ordnance Survey data, the GSWE data include transient water (for example, seasonal flooding).
#### Figure 10: Comparison of area (number of pixels) of patches that are matched and unmatched, by the types of water they contain
Source: Contains Global Surface Water Explorer and OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2020)
It can be seen from Figure 10 that less than 2% of the unmatched (non-overlapping) area relates to permanent water, as most falls within one of the transient water classes, as might be expected.
Some of the matched (overlapping) water is classed as seasonal, which may be seen as counter intuitive. This is generally because of pixels grouped into patches containing both types of water, for example, representing the extent of a permanent water body that floods seasonally, which results in some mixing between classes.
Figure 11 explores the spatial distribution of unmatched water to identify trends and outliers. Perhaps unsurprisingly, areas with the most unmatched pixels are those areas where there is more water generally, for example, the Scottish Highlands. The main unexpected outlier falls in the Somerset levels and relates to a set of artificial reedbeds that form part of a bird reserve. Under the UN metadata, this would be classed as reedbed rather than open water.
#### Figure 11: Spatial distribution of unmatched water. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2020)
Source: Contains Global Surface Water Explorer and OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2020)
| 2021-01-27T07:24:54 |
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|
https://pos.sissa.it/301/655/
|
Volume 301 - 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017) - Session Gamma-Ray Astronomy. GA-extra-galactic
The exceptional VHE gamma-ray outburst of PKS 1510-089 in May 2016
M. Zacharias,* J. Sitarek, D. Dominis Prester, F. Jankowsky, E. Lindfors, M. Mohamed, D. Sanchez, T. Terzic on behalf of the H.E.S.S. and MAGIC Collaborations
*corresponding author
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: August 16, 2017
Published on: August 03, 2018
Abstract
PKS 1510-089 (z=0.361) is one of only a handful of flat spectrum radio quasars that have been detected at very high energy (VHE, $E>100\,$GeV) gamma rays. It is a very active source across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. VHE observations in May 2016 with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC revealed an exceptionally strong flare, which lasted for less than two nights, and exhibited a peak flux of about 0.8 times the flux of the Crab Nebula above $200\,$GeV. The flare provides the first evidence of intranight variability at VHE in this source. While optical observations with ATOM reveal a counterpart at optical frequencies, {\it Fermi}-LAT observations reveal only low flux variability at high energy (HE, $E>100\,$MeV) gamma rays. Interestingly, the HE spectral index significantly hardens during the peak of the VHE flare, indicating a strong shift of the peak frequency of the high energy component. Given the expected strong absorption due to the broad-line region, the VHE emission region cannot be located deep within that region.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.301.0655
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.
Open Access
Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
| 2020-12-04T03:00:41 |
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|
https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GDR2/Data_analysis/chap_cu7var/sssec_cu7var_validation_sos_lpv/ssec_cu7var_sos_lpv_qa.html
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# 7.7.5 Quality assessment and validation
## Verification
The good execution of the processing steps shown in Figure 7.5 is tested in this section through a series of graphical representations of the results. The discussion of the results is presented in more details in Mowlavi et al. (2018). All results presented here concern only the subset of LPV candidates in Gaia DR2 that have LPV-specific results, excluding the candidates published as part of the classification results that would not have specific LPV results.
The period distribution is shown in Figure 7.6. All LPV candidates with LPV-specific results have periods larger than 60 d, in agreement with the filter criterion imposed for Gaia DR2. Among them, 164 (0.1%) have periods above 1000 d, the upper limit set in the Least Square period search algorithm. This is due to the application of a non-linear period refinement algorithm on the most significant period found by the Least Square algorithm. At this stage, all these periods above 1000 d have to be taken with caution, and be confirmed with subsequent Gaia data releases which will cover larger observation durations.
The colour-magnitude diagram of the LPV candidates published in the vari_long_period_variable table is shown in Figure 7.7. Three groups of stars are visible. The main group with the largest concentration of stars extends from $G_{\mathrm{BP}}-G_{\mathrm{RP}}\simeq 2$ mag to $\sim$7.5 mag. The extension of the colours to such large values results from reddening. The second group, at $\mbox{G}\simeq 16$ mag and with colours extending from $G_{\mathrm{BP}}-G_{\mathrm{RP}}\simeq 1.8$ mag to $\sim$3.5 mag, represents LPV candidates from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The presence of the Clouds is further noticeable in the histogram of $G$ magnitudes shown in Figure 7.8. Finally, a third group of stars is visible in Figure 7.7 below the main stream, with $G$ magnitudes above $\sim$17 mag. These stars have large $G_{\rm BP}$ uncertainties, as witnessed by the $G_{\rm BP}$ uncertainties colour-coded in the figure, leading to very uncertain $G_{\mathrm{BP}}-G_{\mathrm{RP}}$ values that explain the presence of this group of stars below the main stream.
The bolometric corrections are shown in Figure 7.9 as a function of $G_{\mathrm{BP}}-G_{\mathrm{RP}}$ colour. We remind here that the colours used in the LPV processing pipeline of Gaia DR2 are computed from the mean values of $G_{\rm BP}$ and $G_{\rm RP}$, and that they are not corrected for extinction. The relation given by (7.13) is clearly visible in the figure, as well as the constant values of the bolometric corrections adopted in the specific cases of red supergiants, of LPVs with large amplitudes, and of sources with large uncertainties on either $G_{\rm BP}$ and/or $G_{\rm RP}$ (see Section 7.7.3). The bolometric correction versus the 5%-95% trimmed range of the $G$-band time series is shown in Figure 7.10. It illustrates the adoption of a value of -2.2 mag for all LPVs having a $G$ variability amplitude measured by this trimmed range larger than 3 mag. It must be noted that the trimmed range used in the figure uses the R${}_{1}$ strategy of commons-math to compute the percentiles, while the computation in the LPV code was adopting the LEGACY strategy. This explains why some LPV candidates in Figure 7.10 also have their bolometric correction set to 2.2 mag while having a 5%-95% trimmed range of $G$ smaller than 3 mag.
The bolometric magnitudes published in Gaia DR2 are shown in Figure 7.11. It must be stressed that the parallaxes used in the figure are those used for the computation of the bolometric magnitudes of LPV candidates published in Gaia DR2, which are not the final parallaxes published in Gaia DR2, which were not available at the time of the variability processing of LPV candidates. The improvements brought to the parallax computations are illustrated in Figure 7.12.
## Validation
The periods derived in Gaia DR2 are validated against the periods published in OGLE-III for the LMC, SMC and the region towards the Galactic bulge, for the Gaia DR2 LPV candidates that crossmatch OGLE-III LPVs. Likewise, the degree of completeness and percentage of new candidates relative to OGLE-III can be estimated by comparing the fraction of OGLE-III LPVs that are cross-matched with Gaia LPV candidates and the fraction of Gaia LPV candidates that are absent from OGLE-III catalogues, respectively. About 30% of OGLE-III LPVs in the LMC and SMC are present in Gaia DR2, while less than a few percent of the Gaia DR2 LPV candidates towards the Clouds are not present in OGLE-III. The results of these comparisons are presented in Mowlavi et al. (2018).
| 2022-08-08T05:20:06 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10338831-solidity-effects-performance-vertical-axis-wind-turbines
|
Solidity effects on the performance of vertical-axis wind turbines
Abstract The variety of configurations for vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) make the development of universal scaling relationships for even basic performance parameters difficult. Rotor geometry changes can be characterized using the concept of solidity, defined as the ratio of solid rotor area to the swept area. However, few studies have explored the effect of this parameter at full-scale conditions due to the challenge of matching both the non-dimensional rotational rate (or tip speed ratio) and scale (or Reynolds number) in conventional wind tunnels. In this study, experiments were conducted on a VAWT model using a specialized compressed-air wind tunnel where the density can be increased to over 200 times atmospheric air. The number of blades on the model was altered to explore how solidity affects performance while keeping other geometric parameters, such as the ratio of blade chord to rotor radius, the same. These data were collected at conditions relevant to the field-scale VAWT but in the controlled environment of the lab. For the three highest solidity rotors (using the most blades), performance was found to depend similarly on the Reynolds number, despite changes in rotational effects. This result has direct implications for the modelling and design of high-solidity field-scale more »
Authors:
; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10338831
Journal Name:
Flow
Volume:
1
ISSN:
2633-4259
2. To design and optimize arrays of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) for maximal power density and minimal wake losses, a careful consideration of the inherently three-dimensional structure of the wakes of these turbines in real operating conditions is needed. Accordingly, a new volumetric particle-tracking velocimetry method was developed to measure three-dimensional flow fields around full-scale VAWTs in field conditions. Experiments were conducted at the Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy (FLOWE) in Lancaster, CA, using six cameras and artificial snow as tracer particles. Velocity and vorticity measurements were obtained for a 2 kW turbine with five straight blades and a 1 kW turbine with three helical blades, each at two distinct tip-speed ratios and at Reynolds numbers based on the rotor diameter $D$ between $1.26 \times 10^{6}$ and $1.81 \times 10^{6}$ . A tilted wake was observed to be induced by the helical-bladed turbine. By considering the dynamics of vortex lines shed from the rotating blades, the tilted wake was connected to the geometry of the helical blades. Furthermore, the effects of the tilted wake on a streamwise horseshoe vortex induced by the rotation of the turbine were quantified. Lastly, the implications of this dynamics for the recovery of the wakemore »
3. Laboratory experiments were performed on a geometrically scaled vertical-axis wind turbine model over an unprecedented range of Reynolds numbers, including and exceeding those of the full-scale turbine. The study was performed in the high-pressure environment of the Princeton High Reynolds number Test Facility (HRTF). Utilizing highly compressed air as the working fluid enabled extremely high Reynolds numbers while still maintaining dynamic similarity by matching the tip speed ratio (defined as the ratio of tip velocity to free stream, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}R/U$ ) and Mach number (defined at the turbine tip, $Ma=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}R/a$ ). Preliminary comparisons are made with measurements from the full-scale field turbine. Peak power for both the field data and experiments resides around $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$ . In addition, a systematic investigation of trends with Reynolds number was performed in the laboratory, which revealed details about the asymptotic behaviour. It was shown that the parameter that characterizes invariance in the power coefficient was the Reynolds number based on blade chord conditions ( $Re_{c}$ ). The power coefficient reaches its asymptotic value when $Re_{c}>1.5\times 10^{6}$ , which is higher than what the field turbine experiences. The asymptotic power curve is found, which is invariant to further increases in Reynolds number.
| 2022-12-07T23:32:58 |
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|
https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GDR2/Data_processing/chap_astpre/sec_cu3pre_cali/
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# 2.3 Calibration models
Author(s): Claus Fabricius
The calibration models for the sky mapper (SM) and astro field (AF) CCDs must be sufficiently detailed and flexible to allow obtaining optimal image parameters for astrometry and $G$ band photometry, yet not so complex that it becomes unrealistic to carry out the calibrations. These devices are physically almost identical, but, from the way they are operated, they fall in three groups.
The SM CCDs provide large ($80\times 12$ pixel; Table 1.1) images around each source, with the purpose to eventually map the surroundings. The SM CCDs are read in full image mode and with a $2\times 2$ pixel binning. They have therefore a high readout noise, and are in reality under-sampled. For bright sources ($G$ $<12$ mag), images saturate, while for the fainter sources ($G$ $>13$ mag), a further $2\times 2$ binning is applied before sending the data to ground (Table 1.1). Image parameters for SM therefore have only little or no weight in astrometry and photometry, but the devices must be calibrated to facilitate their future use.
The first AF CCD, AF1, serves the purpose of confirming the detections from SM, in order to censor detections caused by for example cosmic rays. All windows are therefore read with 2D resolution ($1\times 2$ pixel; Table 1.1), at the price of a higher readout noise due to the larger number of samples. To save telemetry, the windows sent to ground for fainter sources ($G$ $>13$ mag) have their samples co-added in each line, and lose again their AC resolution (Table 1.1).
The following AF devices, AF2–9, are the workhorses of astrometry and $G$ band photometry. They are the CCDs providing the highest potential and therefore the ones with the more demanding calibration requirements.
A limitation of the calibration models in place at the present stage of the mission is that they are focused on the treatment of isolated point sources, and they may not be fully applicable to more complex sources.
| 2018-09-24T17:27:09 |
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|
https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/mayon-volcano-could-be-gearing-explosive-activity
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Mayon Volcano could be gearing up for explosive activity
Release Date:
Over 40,000 people were evacuated from the area surrounding Mayon Volcano in the Philippines this month as lava, ash, and gas spewed from the volcano.
Pyroclastic flows descend the south eastern flank of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, during its 1984 eruption. There were no casualties from that eruption because more than 73,000 people evacuated the danger zones, as recommended by scientists of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (U.S. Geological Survey photo).
(Public domain.)
Scientists from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology (PHIVOLS), who have been monitoring activity at Mayon closely since it started emitting ash in mid-July, are concerned that the current activity is just the lead-in to a more explosive-and destructive-eruption.
Bulkang Magayon-Mayon Volcano-is well known for its beauty and nearly perfectly symmetrical cone. This classic, conical stratovolcano shape is the result of eruptions of viscous lava flows from a central vent at the summit of the volcano. Eruptions are frequent enough at Mayon, the most active volcano in the Philippines, to overcome erosive forces that quickly modify the slopes of most volcanoes.
Many of Mayon's eruptions have resulted in numerous fatalities of people living on its slopes, most due to fast-moving pyroclastic flows and lahars-mixtures of volcanic material and water-engulfing their homes and villages.
Lahars were also responsible for widespread destruction during and after the 1991 Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines. In the sequence of events that led up to the cataclysmic explosion at Pinatubo, one of the recognized precursory signals was a large increase in the amount of volcanic gas emitted from the volcano. The copious amount of gas, along with increased seismicity and rapidly changing shape of the volcano, indicated that a large amount of magma was accumulating at shallow levels.
Gas emissions dropped precipitously a month later. Far from being reassured by the sudden drop, PHIVOLCS and USGS scientists recognized that this signaled a sealing-off of the pathways for the gas to escape, and that internal pressure was building to very dangerous levels. The explosive eruption that soon followed devastated the surrounding towns and sent tons of ash and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, vividly coloring our sunsets for years.
Is this a likely scenario for Mayon? The gas emissions hold important clues at explosive stratovolcanoes, because the viscous, pasty magma does not easily allow gas to leave, and pressures can build up until the volcano blows its top. In contrast, Hawaiian magma is far more fluid, so it is easier for gases to escape to the surface.
While large amounts of volcanic gas are being emitted from Mayon, the measured amounts have been variable, and there have apparently been discrepancies between various measurement systems. Thus it has been difficult to evaluate how much magma may be poised to erupt.
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff may soon travel to Mayon to help assess the gas emissions measurements with our equipment.
This collaboration continues a long-standing relationship between PHIVOLCS and the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Besides assisting in the response to the unrest and volcanic crisis at Pinatubo, HVO staff helped set up monitoring networks during Mayon's 1984 eruption.
We hope that HVO can be of assistance to the Philippine volcanologists and that the current eruption at Mayon does not build to explosive levels.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Volcano Activity Update
This past week, activity levels at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano have remained at background levels. The number of earthquakes located in the summit area is low (usually less than 10 per day that are large enough to locate). Widening of the summit caldera, indicating inflation, has resumed after pausing earlier in April. We continue to monitor unusual inflation south of Halemaumau Crater.
Eruptive activity at Puu Oo continues. On clear nights, glow is visible from several vents within the crater. Lava continues to flow through the PKK lava tube from its source on the flank of Puu Oo to the ocean. In the last week, the only surface flow activity was along the margins of the "Campout flow," which entered the ocean at East Kailiili two weeks ago. The lava bench at East Kailiili is now over 500 m (1,650 ft) long by 50 m (165 ft) wide, with an area of about 1.7 ha (4.3 acres). As of August 16, the new ocean entry, which is located 7.8 km (4.7 mi) from the end of Chain of Craters Road, was still active.
Lava is still entering the ocean at East Laeapuki, also in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The lava bench has refilled most of the gap left by the partial collapse on July 30 and has a total surface area of about 22 ha (55 acres).
Access to the sea cliff near the ocean entries is closed, due to significant hazards. The National Park has reopened the surrounding area, however. If you visit the eruption site, check with the rangers for current updates, and remember to carry lots of water when venturing out onto the flow field.
There were no earthquakes beneath Hawaii Island reported felt within the past week.
Mauna Loa is not erupting. During the past week, earthquake activity remained low beneath the volcano's summit (three earthquakes were located). Extension of distances between locations spanning the summit, indicating inflation, continues at slow rates. Visit our web site for daily Kīlauea eruption updates and nearly real-time Hawaii earthquake information.
| 2020-01-22T03:02:46 |
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https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/how-voggy-it
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# How voggy is it?
Release Date:
How do we measure vog? Hawaii Island and the State are getting a good dose of it so far this December. Vog is a combination of pollutants measured by monitoring its most important components-sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) and respirable particulates or aerosol (PM2.5).
How voggy is it?
(Public domain.)
The Hawaii State Department of Health (DOH) and the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HVNP) currently operate highly accurate air-quality sensor networks on Hawaii Island. HVNP started monitoring sulfur dioxide (SO2) within the park with one sensor in 1986 expanding to two in 1999. DOH had two SO2 sensors in Captain Cook and in Hilo by 2000 and added Mountain View and Pahala in 2007. Particulate (PM2.5) monitoring at those sites began in earnest in early 2008 after testing in Captain Cook in late 2007.
In response to changes in air quality brought on by the 2008 Halemaumau eruption, Hawaii County Fire Department deployed SO2 sensors in several locations, including Kulani Prison. These sensors are less accurate than those in the DOH and HVNP networks but are ideal for quickly tracking high concentrations.
In addition to these networks of continuously operating monitors, several studies have been made over shorter periods of time to characterize vog produced by Kīlauea Volcano. Beyond long-term concerns about volcanic gasses, air quality was a critical aspect of assessing the environmental impact of geothermal development along Kīlauea's east rift zone in the early 1980s. In fact, DOH installed air quality monitoring sites around the geothermal development area of Kīlauea's lower east rift zone.
We have heard many stories about how much worse the vog is in Kau and Kona since the Halemaumau vent opened up in March. Using data from all of these sources, can we estimate how much worse vog has become in 2008?
The data kindly provided by DOH and downloaded from the National Park Service data site tell an interesting story. For this analysis, we determine the long-term average SO2 and PM2.5 concentrations evident in the DOH data, not the short-term high-concentration events mentioned in an earlier Volcano Watch. Although the several-hour-long periods of exceptionally poor air quality are easy to remember, it's the steady low-level conditions that are key to evaluating exposure.
According to the DOH data, SO2 concentrations tripled and PM2.5 concentrations doubled at Captain Cook since the Halemaumau vent fired up in early 2008. SO2 concentrations in Pahala nearly quadrupled. These communities are downwind of both Puu Ō ō and Halemaumau during trade-wind conditions that blow as much as 85 percent of the year. They are experiencing the direct effects of increased gas emissions from Kīlauea Volcano.
On the other hand, the long-term conditions at Hilo and Mountain View changed little. These locations only get vog during kona conditions. Under most kona-wind conditions, only Puu Ō ō fume gets to Hilo and Mountain View, and its emission rate didn't change in 2008 during kona-wind conditions. Unfortunately, continuous PM2.5 data acquisition started after the Halemaumau eruption began, so no before-and-after comparison can be made.
We can also use these long-term conditions to rank which monitoring sites are more affected by vog. Since March, 2008, long-term average SO2 concentrations have been highest in Pahala, followed in order by the HVNP sites, Kona, Mountain View and Hilo. Long-term average PM2.5 concentrations have been highest in Kona followed by Pahala with Hilo and Mountain View in a tie for least affected community.
Conclusions about long-term air quality within communities near HVNP and Kulani Prison will await further analysis. HVO continues to monitor volcanic gas emissions from Halemaumau and Puu Ō ō and will be looking at these downwind air quality data for any patterns that might prove useful.
Mahalo to the DOH, HVNP, the Hawaii County Fire Department, and Hawaii County Civil Defense for their efforts in providing information about this unique hazard.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
### Volcano Activity Update
Kīlauea Volcano continues to be active. A vent in Halemaumau Crater is erupting elevated amounts of sulfur dioxide gas and very small amounts of ash. Resulting high concentrations of sulfur dioxide in downwind air have closed the south part of Kīlauea caldera and produced occasional air-quality alerts in more distant areas, such as Pahala and communities adjacent to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, during kona-wind periods. There have been several small ash-emission events from the vent, lasting only minutes, in the last week.
Puu Ōō continues to produce sulfur dioxide at even higher rates than the vent in Halemaumau Crater. Trade winds tend to pool these emissions along the West Hawaii coast, while Kona winds blow these emissions into communities to the north, such as Mountain View, Volcano, and Hilo.
Lava continues to erupt from the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) vent and flows toward the ocean through a well-established lava tube. Lava breakouts in the Royal Gardens subdivision and adjacent coastal plain have been active throughout the past week. As of Tuesday, December 9, these active flows had crept approximately 40 yards into the National Park. Activity at the Waikupanaha ocean entry continues, with occasional small explosions. A deflation-inflation cycle began at the summit early on December 11 and was still ongoing at the time of this writing (afternoon of December 11). These cycles normally cause short-term fluctuations in lava supply to the flow field.
Be aware that active lava deltas can collapse at any time, potentially generating large explosions. This may be especially true during times of rapidly changing lava supply conditions. Do not venture onto the lava deltas. Even the intervening beaches are susceptible to large waves generated during delta collapse; avoid these beaches. In addition, steam plumes rising from ocean entries are highly acidic and laced with glass particles. Check Civil Defense Web site or call 961-8093 for viewing hours.
Mauna Loa is not erupting. Five earthquakes were located beneath the summit this past week. Continuing extension between locations spanning the summit indicates slow inflation of the volcano, combined with slow eastward slippage of its east flank.
Two earthquakes beneath Hawaii Island were reported felt within the past week. A magnitude-3.5 earthquake occurred at 4:53 p.m., H.s.t., on Saturday, December 6, 2008, and was located 9 km (6 miles) southeast of Captain Cook at a depth of 10 km (6 miles). A magnitude-2.0 earthquake occurred at 6:25 p.m. on the same day, and was located 4 km (2 miles) northwest of Honaunau at a depth of 17 km (11 miles).
Visit our Web site for daily Kīlauea eruption updates, a summary of volcanic events over the past year, and nearly real-time Hawaii earthquake information. Kīlauea daily update summaries are also available by phone at (808) 967-8862. Questions can be emailed to [email protected]. skip past bottom navigational bar
| 2020-01-21T00:44:27 |
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http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.8
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# §13.8(i) Large $|b|$, Fixed $a$ and $z$
If $b\to\infty$ in $\Complex$ in such a way that $\left|b+n\right|\geq\delta>0$ for all $n=0,1,2,\dots$, then
13.8.1 $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,z\right)=\sum_{s=0}^{n-1}\frac{\left(a\right)% _{s}}{\left(b\right)_{s}s!}z^{s}+\mathop{O\/}\nolimits\!\left(|b|^{-n}\right).$
For fixed $a$ and $z$ in $\Complex$
13.8.2 $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,z\right)\sim\frac{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits% \!\left(b\right)}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(b-a\right)}\sum_{s=0}^{% \infty}\left(a\right)_{s}q_{s}(z,a)b^{-s-a},$
as $b\to\infty$ in $|\mathop{\mathrm{ph}\/}\nolimits b|\leq\pi-\delta$, where $q_{0}(z,a)=1$ and
13.8.3 $\left(e^{t}-1\right)^{a-1}\mathop{\exp\/}\nolimits\!\left(t+z(1-e^{-t})\right)% =\sum_{s=0}^{\infty}q_{s}(z,a)t^{s+a-1}.$
When the foregoing results are combined with Kummer’s transformation (13.2.39), an approximation is obtained for the case when $|b|$ is large, and $|b-a|$ and $|z|$ are bounded.
# §13.8(ii) Large $b$ and $z$, Fixed $a$ and $b/z$
Let $\lambda=z/b>0$ and $\zeta=\sqrt{2(\lambda-1-\mathop{\ln\/}\nolimits\lambda)}$ with $\mathop{\mathrm{sign}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\zeta\right)=\mathop{\mathrm{sign}\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\lambda-1\right)$. Then
13.8.4 $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,z\right)\sim b^{\frac{1}{2}a}e^{\frac{1}{4}% \zeta^{2}b}\left(\lambda\left(\frac{\lambda-1}{\zeta}\right)^{a-1}\mathop{U\/}% \nolimits\!\left(a-\tfrac{1}{2},-\zeta\sqrt{b}\right)+\left(\lambda\left(\frac% {\lambda-1}{\zeta}\right)^{a-1}-\left(\frac{\zeta}{\lambda-1}\right)^{a}\right% )\frac{\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a-\tfrac{3}{2},-\zeta\sqrt{b}\right)}{% \zeta\sqrt{b}}\right)$
and
13.8.5 $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,z\right)\sim b^{-\frac{1}{2}a}e^{\frac{1}{4}% \zeta^{2}b}\left(\lambda\left(\frac{\lambda-1}{\zeta}\right)^{a-1}\mathop{U\/}% \nolimits\!\left(a-\tfrac{1}{2},\zeta\sqrt{b}\right)-\left(\lambda\left(\frac{% \lambda-1}{\zeta}\right)^{a-1}-\left(\frac{\zeta}{\lambda-1}\right)^{a}\right)% \frac{\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a-\tfrac{3}{2},\zeta\sqrt{b}\right)}{\zeta% \sqrt{b}}\right)$
as $b\to\infty$, uniformly in compact $\lambda$-intervals of $(0,\infty)$ and compact real $a$-intervals. For the parabolic cylinder function $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits$ see §12.2, and for an extension to an asymptotic expansion see Temme (1978).
Special cases are
13.8.6 $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,b\right)=\sqrt{\pi}\left(\frac{b}{2}\right)^{% \frac{1}{2}a}\left(\frac{1}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{2}(a+1)% \right)}+\frac{(a+1)\sqrt{8/b}}{3\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{2}% a\right)}+\mathop{O\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)\right),$
and
13.8.7 $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,b\right)=\sqrt{\pi}\left(2b\right)^{-\frac{1}% {2}a}\left(\frac{1}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{2}(a+1)\right)}% -\frac{(a+1)\sqrt{8/b}}{3\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{2}a\right)% }+\mathop{O\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)\right).$
To obtain approximations for $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,z\right)$ and $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,z\right)$ that hold as $b\to\infty$, with $a>\tfrac{1}{2}-b$ and $z>0$ combine (13.14.4), (13.14.5) with §13.20(i).
Also, more complicated—but more powerful—uniform asymptotic approximations can be obtained by combining (13.14.4), (13.14.5) with §§13.20(iii) and 13.20(iv).
For other asymptotic expansions for large $b$ and $z$ see López and Pagola (2010).
# §13.8(iii) Large $a$
For the notation see §§10.2(ii), 10.25(ii), and 2.8(iv).
When $a\to+\infty$ with $b$ ($\leq 1$) fixed,
13.8.8 $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,x\right)=\frac{2e^{\frac{1}{2}x}}{\mathop{% \Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(a\right)}\left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\beta}\mathop{\tanh\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\frac{w}{2}\right)}\left(\frac{1-e^{-w}}{\beta}\right)^{-b}% \beta^{1-b}\mathop{K_{1-b}\/}\nolimits\!\left(2\beta a\right)+a^{-1}\left(% \frac{a^{-1}+\beta}{1+\beta}\right)^{1-b}e^{-2\beta a}\mathop{O\/}\nolimits\!% \left(1\right)\right),$
where $w=\mathop{\mathrm{arccosh}\/}\nolimits\!\left(1+(2a)^{-1}x\right)$, and $\beta=\ifrac{(w+\mathop{\sinh\/}\nolimits w)}{2}$. (13.8.8) holds uniformly with respect to $x\in[0,\infty)$. For the case $b>1$ the transformation (13.2.40) can be used.
For an extension to an asymptotic expansion complete with error bounds see Temme (1990b), and for related results see §13.21(i).
When $a\to-\infty$ with $b$ ($\geq 1$) fixed,
13.8.9 $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,x\right)=\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(b% \right)e^{\frac{1}{2}x}\left((\tfrac{1}{2}b-a)x\right)^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2% }b}\*\left(\mathop{J_{b-1}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\sqrt{2x(b-2a)}\right)+\mathop{% \mathrm{env}J_{b-1}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\sqrt{2x(b-2a)}\right)\mathop{O\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\left|a\right|^{-\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right),$
and
13.8.10 $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,x\right)=\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(% \tfrac{1}{2}b-a+\tfrac{1}{2}\right)e^{\frac{1}{2}x}x^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}b% }\*\left(\mathop{\cos\/}\nolimits\!\left(a\pi\right)\mathop{J_{b-1}\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\sqrt{2x(b-2a)}\right)-\mathop{\sin\/}\nolimits\!\left(a\pi% \right)\mathop{Y_{b-1}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\sqrt{2x(b-2a)}\right)+\mathop{% \mathrm{env}Y_{b-1}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\sqrt{2x(b-2a)}\right)\mathop{O\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\left|a\right|^{-\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right),$
uniformly with respect to bounded positive values of $x$ in each case.
For asymptotic approximations to $\mathop{M\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,x\right)$ and $\mathop{U\/}\nolimits\!\left(a,b,x\right)$ as $a\to-\infty$ that hold uniformly with respect to $x\in(0,\infty)$ and bounded positive values of $(b-1)/\left|a\right|$, combine (13.14.4), (13.14.5) with §§13.21(ii), 13.21(iii).
| 2014-12-18T10:30:09 |
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https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/version/cr/A-18.1,%20r.%200.01?code=se:51&history=20230206
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### A-18.1, r. 0.01 - Regulation respecting the sustainable development of forests in the domain of the State
51. Where the strip of woodland referred to in section 50 is made wider than 20 m to fulfill the needs of the white-tailed deer habitat, only partial cutting not exceeding 40% of the merchantable stems, in the case of stands of species referred to in Part A of Schedule 2, or 40% of the basal area in the case of stands of species referred to in Part B of that Schedule, is allowed beyond the first 20 metres of the strip of woodland.
In addition, the density of the stand may never be reduced to less than 700 merchantable stems/ha, in the case of stands of species referred to in Part A of Schedule 2, or the basal area may not be reduced to less than 16 m2/ha, in the case of stand of species referred to in Part B of that Schedule.
Despite the first and second paragraphs, where the sylvicultural prescription provides for partial cutting in the stand adjacent to the strip of woodland referred to in section 50, the harvest level indicated in the sylvicultural prescription of the adjacent stand then applies to the widened part of that strip of woodland.
Residual trees in the widened strip of woodland where partial harvest takes place must be spread uniformly so as to favor the renewal of the forest cover and to maintain shelters and food for the white-tailed deer.
O.C. 473-2017, s. 51.
In force: 2018-04-01
51. Where the strip of woodland referred to in section 50 is made wider than 20 m to fulfill the needs of the white-tailed deer habitat, only partial cutting not exceeding 40% of the merchantable stems, in the case of stands of species referred to in Part A of Schedule 2, or 40% of the basal area in the case of stands of species referred to in Part B of that Schedule, is allowed beyond the first 20 metres of the strip of woodland.
In addition, the density of the stand may never be reduced to less than 700 merchantable stems/ha, in the case of stands of species referred to in Part A of Schedule 2, or the basal area may not be reduced to less than 16 m2/ha, in the case of stand of species referred to in Part B of that Schedule.
Despite the first and second paragraphs, where the sylvicultural prescription provides for partial cutting in the stand adjacent to the strip of woodland referred to in section 50, the harvest level indicated in the sylvicultural prescription of the adjacent stand then applies to the widened part of that strip of woodland.
Residual trees in the widened strip of woodland where partial harvest takes place must be spread uniformly so as to favor the renewal of the forest cover and to maintain shelters and food for the white-tailed deer.
O.C. 473-2017, s. 51.
| 2023-03-22T17:26:30 |
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https://figverse.fandom.com/wiki/Rexaurus
|
FANDOM
1,918 Pages
These big, dim-witted dinosauroid monsters used to be kept as pets and mounts by big, dim-witted soldiers back in the days of old. The world has changed since then, and they are extinct in most places... but the Earth Temple harbours a lot of life once thought lost.
Encyclopaedia description
Rexaurus is an enemy in MARDEK.
Appearance
Rexaurus are large hulking tyrannosaurid like monsters. They have brown skin, green eyes and a multitude of sharp white teeth. They have two feet with four toes (three frontal one back) yet they lack arms of any type. They also wear a spiked metal neckband.
Forms
Main form
Equipment
Weapon none none none none none none
Statistics
HP
$32 \times \mathit{level} + 1350$
MP
$10$
STR
$25$
VIT
$22$
SPR
$3$
AGL
$8$
ATK
$40$
DEF
$6$
MDEF
$0$
EVA (%)
$0$
Critical (%)
$TODO$
Elemental resistance
Fire (%)
$20$
Water (%)
$0$
Air (%)
$-100$
Earth (%)
$50$
Light (%)
$0$
Dark (%)
$0$
Aether (%)
$0$
Fig (%)
$0$
Physical (%)
$0$
Thauma (%)
$0$
Status resistance
Poison (%)
$0$
Paralysis (%)
$0$
Numbness (%)
$0$
Silence (%)
$0$
Curse (%)
$0$
Confusion (%)
$0$
Sleep (%)
$0$
Blindness (%)
$0$
Bleed (%)
$0$
Zombie (%)
$0$
Berserk (%)
$0$
Skills
NameElementTypeDescriptionCost
AttackPhysicalPhysicalDeals damage to one target. May hit critically.0 MP
Trivia
• With the exception of the Monsters in the Dreamshrine, and the already low encounter rate Punk Monster in the Dark Temple, defeating these are the only way to get additional Monster Fangs. As such, it is recommended to not obtain the Earth Crystal until at least 10 are obtained (8 for the Buzzsaw Arm, two for the Drill-O-Matic) because getting the Earth Crystal reduces the spawn rate of the Rexaurus. That said, it would be much easier to get Monster Fangs from either Chapter 2 or in the Dark Temple prior to fighting the Mystery Man as the Punk Monsters appear more often than Rexaurus do.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
| 2020-02-18T16:36:25 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10291295-two-routes-scalable-credit-assignment-without-weight-symmetry-international-conference-machine
|
Two Routes to Scalable Credit Assignment without Weight Symmetry, International Conference on Machine
The neural plausibility of backpropagation has long been disputed, primarily for its use of non-local weight transport — the biologically dubious requirement that one neuron instantaneously measure the synaptic weights of another. Until recently, attempts to create local learning rules that avoid weight transport have typically failed in the large-scale learning scenarios where backpropagation shines, e.g. ImageNet categorization with deep convolutional networks. Here, we investigate a recently proposed local learning rule that yields competitive performance with backpropagation and find that it is highly sensitive to metaparameter choices, requiring laborious tuning that does not transfer across network architecture. Our analysis indicates the underlying mathematical reason for this instability, allowing us to identify a more robust local learning rule that better transfers without metaparameter tuning. Nonetheless, we find a performance and stability gap between this local rule and backpropagation that widens with increasing model depth. We then investigate several non-local learning rules that relax the need for instantaneous weight transport into a more biologically-plausible "weight estimation" process, showing that these rules match state-of-the-art performance on deep networks and operate effectively in the presence of noisy updates. Taken together, our results suggest two routes towards the discovery of neural implementations for credit assignment more »
Authors:
; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10291295
Journal Name:
Proceedings of Machine Learning Research
Volume:
37
ISSN:
2640-3498
4. We use a recently developed synchronous Spiking Neural Network (SNN) model to study the problem of learning hierarchically-structured concepts. We introduce an abstract data model that describes simple hierarchical concepts. We define a feed-forward layered SNN model, with learning modeled using Oja’s local learning rule, a well known biologically-plausible rule for adjusting synapse weights. We define what it means for such a network to recognize hierarchical concepts; our notion of recognition is robust, in that it tolerates a bounded amount of noise. Then, we present a learning algorithm by which a layered network may learn to recognize hierarchical concepts according to our robust definition. We analyze correctness and performance rigorously; the amount of time required to learn each concept, after learning all of the sub-concepts, is approximately O ( 1ηk(max log(k) + 1ε) + b log(k)), where k is the number of sub-concepts per concept, max is the maximum hierarchical depth, η is the learning rate, ε describes the amount of uncertainty allowed in robust recognition, and b describes the amount of weight decrease for "irrelevant" edges. An interesting feature of this algorithm is that it allows the network to learn sub-concepts in a highly interleaved manner. This algorithm assumesmore »
| 2023-01-31T00:49:51 |
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|
http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/193872?q&versionId=206182
|
# 2009, English, Article edition: Convergence Analysis of a Projection Semi-Implicit Coupling Scheme for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems Astorino, Matteo; Grandmont, Celine
#### User activity
##### Share to:
Bookmark: http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/206182
Physical Description
• text
Published
• HAL - CCSD
• 2009
Language
• English
### Edition details
Title
• Convergence Analysis of a Projection Semi-Implicit Coupling Scheme for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems
Author
• Astorino, Matteo
• Grandmont, Celine
Published
• HAL - CCSD
• 2009
Physical Description
• text
Subjects
Notes
• In this paper, we provide a convergence analysis of a projection semi-implicit scheme for the simulation of fluid-structure systems involving an incompressible viscous fluid. The error analysis is performed on a fully discretized linear coupled problem: a finite element approximation and a semi-implicit time-stepping strategy are respectively used for space and time discretization. The fluid is described by the Stokes equations, the structure by the classical linear elastodynamics equations and all changes of geometry are neglected. We derive an error estimate in finite time and we prove that the time discretization error for the coupling scheme is at least $\sqrt{\delta t}$. Finally, some numerical experiments that confirm the theoretical analysis are presented.
• HAL:inria-00406493, version 2
• HAL:http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00406493/en/
Language
• English
Contributed by
OAIster
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## User activity
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| 2017-05-25T20:38:41 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10093396-meson-leptonic-decay-constants-quark-masses-from-four-flavor-lattice-qcd
|
B- and D-meson leptonic decay constants and quark masses from four-flavor lattice QCD
We describe a recent lattice-QCD calculation of the leptonic decay con- stants of heavy-light pseudoscalar mesons containing charm and bottom quarks and of the masses of the up, down, strange, charm, and bottom quarks. Results for these quantities are of the highest precision to date. Calculations use 24 isospin-symmetric ensembles of gauge-field configura- tions with six different lattice spacings as small as approximately 0.03 fm and several values of the light quark masses down to physical values of the average up- and down-sea-quark masses. We use the highly-improved staggered quark (HISQ) formulation for valence and sea quarks, includ- ing the bottom quark. The analysis employs heavy-quark effective theory (HQET). A novel HQET method is used in the determination of the quark masses.
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10093396
Journal Name:
13th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics
Volume:
arXiv:1810.00250
3. A bstract The radiative energy loss of fast partons traveling through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is commonly studied within perturbative QCD (pQCD). Nonperturbative (NP) effects, which are expected to become important near the critical temperature, have been much less investigated. Here, we utilize a recently developed T -matrix approach to incorporate NP effects for gluon emission off heavy quarks propagating through the QGP. We set up four cases that contain, starting from a Born diagram calculation with color- Coulomb interaction, an increasing level of NP components, by subsequently including (remnants of ) confining interactions, resummation in the heavy-light scattering amplitude, and off-shell spectral functions for both heavy and light partons. For each case we compute the power spectra of the emitted gluons, heavy-quark transport coefficients (drag and transverse-momentum broadening, $$\hat{q}$$ q ̂ ), and the path-length dependent energy loss within a “QGP brick” at fixed temperature. Investigating the differences in these quantities between the four cases illustrates how NP mechanisms affect gluon radiation processes. While the baseline perturbative processes experience a strong suppression of soft radiation due to thermal masses of the emitted gluons, confining interactions, ladder resummations and broad spectral functions (re-)generate a large enhancement toward lowmore »
| 2022-10-07T22:01:21 |
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|
https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/file/5ccc2d1616b51c4d2cbd5714
|
### Representation of standard form of linear equation:
Geogebra applet showing standard form of linear equation
| 2019-06-17T19:22:15 |
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|
http://find.wiki.gov.cn/w_Kilowatt-Hour+Calculation+3+Phase/
|
Kilowatt-Hour Calculation 3 Phase-Wiki Finder
# Kilowatt-Hour Calculation 3 Phase
## How to Calculate Electrical Cost on Three-Phase Equipment ...
Most electric power flows in the form of three-phase alternating current or AC. Many large fans, compressors and air-conditioning units work on a three-phase system ...
From:http://www.ehow.com › Jobs in Electronics
## How to Calculate Cost of Electricity for Electric Motor 3 ...
The 3 phase electric motor is usually a large piece of equipment that uses a “polyphase” circuit to draw heavy power loads at relatively low voltages. This ...
From:http://www.ehow.com › … › Operating a Business
## kilowatt hour meter | eBay - Electronics, Cars, Fashion ...
Find great deals on eBay for kilowatt hour meter kwh meter. Shop with confidence.
From:http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=kilowatt+hour+meter
## 120 240 V Electric Meter Pulse Output Kilowatt Hour 3 | eBay
120/240 v Electric Meter Pulse Output kilowatt hour #3 in Business & Industrial, Electrical & Test Equipment, Test Equipment | eBay
From:http://www.ebay.com › … › Electrical Power Meters
## Power Measurement In a Three-Phase System | EEP
The true or real power is directly shown in a wattmeter. In three-phase systems, power can be measured using several methods. For temporary measurements, a single ...
From:http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/...in-a-three-phase-system
## Three Phase & Single Phase Motors & Circuits - New Web Site
Three Phase / Single Phase Motors &Circuits NRE 8 Student Resource Package NRE 8 Delivery: Competence in this training program can be achieved through either a formal
From:http://sydneyhvac.net/Files/CIII/ApplianceMotors.pdf
## line power - Why is three-phase offset by 120 degrees ...
For three phase electricity the wave is offset by 120 degrees(2\$\pi/3\$ Rad). Why aren't the phases closer together? Is it because it will affect the frequency of ...
From:http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/12851
## The Theories and Modeling of the Kilowatt - Hour Meter
Electric Meters 2 Abstract This work presents the basic understanding of how a modern induction-type kilowatt-hour meter works as well as the physical theories that ...
From:http://www.idc-online.com/technical_references/pdfs/electrical...
## Atmel AVR1631: Single Phase Energy Meter using XMEGA A
Atmel AVR1631: Single Phase Energy Meter using XMEGA A [APPLICATION NOTE] 42039A−AVR−11/2012 4 3. Energy meter 3.1 Overview An energy meter measures …
From:http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc42039.pdf
## Power factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load, to the apparent power in ...
From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_factor
| 2014-11-28T21:42:55 |
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|
http://cepa.fnal.gov/psm/simulation/mcgen/lund/pythia_manual/pythia6.3/pythia6301/node114.html
|
Next: Polarization Up: Supersymmetry Previous: SUSY examples Contents
### R-Parity Violation
R-parity, defined as R= , is a discrete multiplicative symmetry where is the particle spin, is the baryon number, and is the lepton number. All SM particles have R=1, while all superpartners have R=, so a single SUSY particle cannot decay into just SM particles if R-parity is conserved. In this case, the lightest superpartner (LSP) is absolutely stable. Astrophysical considerations imply that a stable LSP should be electrically neutral. Viable candidates are the lightest neutralino, the lightest sneutrino, or alternatively the gravitino. Since the LSP can carry away energy without interacting in a detector, the apparent violation of momentum conservation is an important part of SUSY phenomenology. Also, when R-parity is conserved, superpartners must be produced in pairs from a SM initial state. The breaking of the R-parity symmetry would result in lepton and/or baryon number violating processes. While there are strong experimental constraints on some classes of R-parity violating interactions, others are hardly constrained at all.
One simple extension of the MSSM is to break the multiplicative R-parity symmetry. Presently, neither experiment nor any theoretical argument demand R-parity conservation, so it is natural to consider the most general case of R-parity breaking. It is convenient to introduce a function of superfields called the superpotential, from which the Feynman rules for R-parity violating processes can be derived. The R-parity violating (RPV) terms which can contribute to the superpotential are:
(152)
where are generation indices (1,2,3), , and , are lepton and quark components of doublet superfields, and , and are lepton, down and up- quark singlet superfields, respectively. The unwritten and indices imply that the first term is antisymmetric under , and the third term is antisymmetric under . Therefore, in and in . The coefficients , , , and are Yukawa couplings, and there is no a priori generic prediction for their values. In principle, contains 48 extra parameters over the -parity-conserving MSSM case. In PYTHIA the effects of the last term in eq. () are not included.
Expanding eq. () as a function of the superfield components, the interaction Lagrangian derived from the first term is
(153)
and from the second term,
(154)
Both of these sets of interactions violate lepton number. The term, instead, violates baryon number. In principle, all types of R-parity violating terms may co-exist, but this can lead to a proton with a lifetime shorter than the present experimental limits. The simplest way to avoid this is to allow only operators which conserve baryon-number but violate lepton-number or vice versa.
There are several effects on the SUSY phenomenology due to these new couplings: (1) lepton or baryon number violating processes are allowed, including the production of single sparticles (instead of pair production), (2) the LSP is no longer stable, but can decay to SM particles within a collider detector, and (3) because it is unstable, the LSP need not be the neutralino or sneutrino, but can be charged and/or colored.
In the current version of PYTHIA, decays of supersymmetric particles to SM particles via two different types of lepton number violating couplings and one type of baryon number violating couplings can be invoked (Details about the -violation implementation and tests can be found in [Ska01]).
Complete matrix elements (including mixing for all sfermion generations) for all two-body sfermion and three-body neutralino, chargino, and gluino decays are included (as given in [Dre00]). The final state fermions are treated as massive in the phase space integrations and in the matrix elements for , , and .
The existence of -odd couplings also allows for single sparticle production, i.e. there is no requirement that SUSY particles should be produced in pairs. Single sparticle production cross sections are not yet included in the program, and it may require some rethinking of the parton shower to do so. For low-mass sparticles, the associated error is estimated to be negligible, as long as the -violating couplings are smaller than the gauge couplings. For higher mass sparticles, the reduction of the phase space for pair production becomes an important factor, and single sparticle production could dominate even for very small values of the -violating couplings. The total SUSY production cross sections, as calculated by PYTHIA in its current form are thus underestimated, possibly quite severely for heavy-mass sparticles.
Three possibilities exist for the initializations of the couplings, representing a fair but not exhaustive range of models. The first, selected by setting IMSS(51)=1 for LLE, IMSS(52)=1 for LQD, and/or IMSS(53)=1 for UDD type couplings, sets all the couplings, independent of generation, to a common value of , , and/or , depending on which couplings are activated.
Taking now LLE couplings as an example, setting IMSS(51)=2 causes the LLE couplings to be initialized (in PYINIT) to so-called `natural' generation-hierarchical values, as proposed in [Hin93]. These values, inspired by the structure of the Yukawa couplings in the SM, are defined by:
(155)
where is the arithmetic mean of and .
The third option available is to set IMSS(51)=3, IMSS(52)=3, and/or IMSS(53)=3, in which case all the relevant couplings are zero by default (but the corresponding lepton or baryon number violating processes are turned on) and the user is expected to enter the non-zero coupling values by hand. (Where antisymmetry is required, half of the entries are automatically derived from the other half, see IMSS(51)=3 and IMSS(53)=3.) RVLAM(,,) contains the , RVLAMP(,,) contains the couplings, and RVLAMB(,,) contains the couplings.
Next: Polarization Up: Supersymmetry Previous: SUSY examples Contents
Stephen Mrenna 2005-07-11
| 2014-04-18T23:27:54 |
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|
https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-k-laueas-east-rift-zone-rests-a-month
|
Volcano Watch — Kīlauea's East Rift Zone rests for a month
Release Date:
The ongoing eruption on Kīlauea's East Rift Zone has continued with little change for the last month. Lava is erupting from both the episode 51 and 53 vents, both located on the southwest flank of the Puu Oo cone.
Kīlauea's East Rift Zone rests for a month
(Public domain.)
The ongoing eruption on Kīlauea's East Rift Zone has continued with little change for the last month. Lava is erupting from both the episode 51 and 53 vents, both located on the southwest flank of the Puu Oo cone.
At both vents, the lava no longer reaches the surface, but instead, goes directly into lava tubes that lie several tens of feet below the inactive spatter cones which mark the vents. As a result, the only signs of an active eruption near these vents are gas plumes and intense heat. The lava pond at the bottom of the Puu Oo Crater is still active at a depth of 280 feet below the crater rim. Below the ground surface, the Puu Oo ventis connected to the 51 and 53 vents. For this reason, large changes in the level of the Puu Oo pond presage changes in the output of the 51 and 53 vents.
The lava tube system leading from the vents extends all the way to the coast, where lava enters the ocean near the former site of Kamoamoa. Periodically, collapses in the lava tubes or surges in the lava supply cause lava to break out of the tube and form surface flows. In the last month, however, the lava has been confined to the tube system, and we have seen only a few, very small, surface flows.
A lava bench is continuously forming where the lava enters the sea. The bench is downstepped 2-6 feet below the level of the former sea cliff, and it grows as lava spreads laterally (parallel to the sea cliff) as well as seaward. Currently, the bench is about 900 feet long and extends about 100 feet seaward. The main tube breaks up into several shallow tubes on the bench, and lava enters the ocean at several points, which can change location from day-to-day. Surface flows occur frequently on the bench as the roofs of the shallow tubes collapse. The bench extends out over a steep, unstable slope of lava flows, loose blocks of lava, and black sand. Frequent landslides and slumps on this submarine slope can cause all or part of the bench to collapse without warning. For this reason, the wise visitor heeds the National Park's warning signs and stays well away from the bench.
Seismically speaking, it's been a quiet month, with only three earthquakes of magnitude 3 or greater. The first was on Kīlauea's upper East Rift Zone, on September 2, at 0450 hrs, at a depth of 3.4 miles; the second was offshore of South Point, on September 16, at 0440 hrs; and the last was offshore of North Kona, on September 18, at 0703 hrs. All three had magnitudes of 3.0; the depths of the offshore earthquakes cannot be determined accurately because there are no offshore stations.
We've said goodbye to the last of our student helpers as another summer comes to an end. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is filled to overflowing during the summer, when students from universities in Hawaii, Europe, and on the mainland flock to Kīlauea. Some of these students volunteer at the Observatory in return for a chance to experience the volcano first-hand; others come to work on their own research projects. Many from this island are hired under programs such as Alu Like and Minority Participation in Earth Sciences to assist the staff in all phases of volcano-monitoring.
Although the summer is our busiest time, the Observatory plays host to a steady stream of visiting scientists throughout the year. In the last few weeks, we've seen many new faces as scientists on their way to an international meeting of volcanologists in Canberra, Australia dropped by to visit the volcano and share ideas.
| 2019-12-11T21:55:30 |
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|
https://badprior.com/blog/good-bayesian-1/
|
_
Created 07/19/2020 at 07:39PM
## Probability 101
The following short series is inspired by two papers by Kruschke and Liddell:
Bayesian inference in a nutshell can be boiled down to 3 things:
1. Rules of probability (this post)
2. Priors matter
3. Think in distribution not point estimates (coming soon)
## The Data
My wife has taken an COVID19 antibody test. The test measures two antibodies, but for simplicity we will only look at the most predictive antibody IgG. The Sensitivity of IgM is only 69% and I suspect that the IgM and IgG test results are correlated, breaking the IDD (Independent and Identically Distributed) assumption necessary for performing simple Bayesian updating :).
According to Hoffman et al. the performance of the test is reported as follows:
Cases Healthy Total
IgG positive 27 1 28
IgG negative 2 123 125
Total 29 124 153
## Rules of Inference
If we divide all the cells of the above table by the total (153), then we can turn the table of counts into a table of probabilities.
Cases ($P(\theta)$) Healthy ($P(\neg\theta)$) Total
IgG positive ($P(D)$) $27/153\approx 0.176$ $1/153\approx 0.007$ $28/153\approx 0.183$
IgG negative ($P(\neg D)$) $2/153\approx 0.013$ $123/153\approx 0.804$ $125/153\approx 0.817$
Total $29/153\approx 0.190$ $124/153\approx 0.810$ $153/153=1$
### Joint Probability
In the above table we have 4 joined probabilities, which are the probabilities of two joined (simultaneous) events, such as IgG positive ($D$) and COVID19 positive ($\theta$). This will be written $P(\theta,D)$ and should be read as "the (joined) probability of $\theta$ and $D$"
### Marginal Probability
In the margins of the table (the Total row/colums) are the marginal probabilities, where one of the variables ($\theta$ or $D$) has been marginalized out. For dichotomous variables (variables of two outcomes) this is easily done by adding them together. For continues variable, we need to resort to integration. For example
$$P(D) = \sum_{\theta}(P(\theta, D)) = P(D,\theta) + P(D,\neg\theta) = \frac{27 + 1}{153} = \frac{28}{153}$$
### Conditional Probability
A conditional probability is a probability where one thing is "given" (taken as true). For example $P(D\mid{}\theta)$ Is the probability of a positive test ($D$) if you actually have COVID19 ($\theta$) They can be derived from a joined and marginal probability as follows:
\begin{aligned} P(D\mid{}\theta) &= \frac{P(\theta,D)}{P(\theta)} &= \frac{\frac{27}{153}}{\frac{29}{153}} &=\frac{27}{29} &\approx{}0.931 \newline P(\neg{}D\mid{}\neg\theta) &= \frac{P(\neg\theta,\neg{}D)}{P(\neg\theta)} &= \frac{\frac{123}{153}}{\frac{124}{153}} &=\frac{123}{124} &\approx{}0.992 \end{aligned}
## Evaluate the Data
The two conditional probabilities above have special names:
• $P(D\mid{}\theta)$ read as "the probability of D given theta", is the tests sensitivity, and is the probability of getting a positive test if you have had COVID19.
• $P(\neg{}D\mid{}\neg\theta)$ is the specificity of the test, the probability of a negative test if you have not had COVID19.
There are also two other conditional probabilities which can be derived from the table:
• $P(\theta\mid{}D)=\frac{27}{28}$: The positive predictive value
• $P(\neg\theta\mid{}\neg{}D)=\frac{123}{125}$: The negative predictive value
While at first glance these may seem more useful, because it is tempting to interpret it as the probability of COVID19 if I have a positive test. The correct interpretation is "The probability of COVID19 if my prior probability of COVID19 is the one who is congruent with $P(D)=\frac{28}{153}\approx{}0.183$
To make this more concrete. Imagine I go out and redo the experiment, but instead of recruiting 124 healthy and 29 survivors, I recruit 124 healthy and 58 survivors. Then the table I would expect to receive (ignoring random variation) would be one with $\times{}2$ in the "Cases" column as follows:
Cases Healthy Total
IgG positive 54 1 55
IgG negative 4 123 127
Total 58 124 182
Now all the joined probabilities have changed, but how does the 4 conditional probabilities pan out? (stop and think)
$$P(D\mid{}\theta) = \frac{P(\theta,D)}{P(\theta)} = \frac{\frac{54}{182}}{\frac{58}{182}} = \frac{54}{58} = \underline{\underline{\frac{27}{29}}}$$ $$P(\neg{}D\mid{}\neg\theta) = \frac{P(\neg\theta,\neg{}D)}{P(\neg\theta)} = \frac{\frac{123}{182}}{\frac{124}{182}} = \underline{\underline{\frac{123}{124}}}$$
Sensitive and Specificity are unchanged, which is why we use these to evaluate tests.
$$P(D\mid{}\theta) = \frac{P(\theta,D)}{P(D)} = \frac{\frac{54}{182}}{\frac{55}{182}} = \frac{54}{55}\ne\frac{27}{28}$$ $$P(\neg{}D\mid{}\neg\theta) = \frac{P(\neg\theta,\neg{}D)}{P(\neg\theta)} = \frac{\frac{123}{182}}{\frac{127}{182}} = \frac{123}{127}\ne\frac{123}{125}$$
Positive and Negative predictive value have changed, which is why we do not use these to evaluate tests!
Hey... Wait a minute! While I now understand why $P(D\mid{}\theta)$ and $P(\neg{}D\mid{}\neg\theta)$ are what I should use for evaluating tests, my primary goal was not to figure out how good the tests were, but what I should believe after taking a test, "given a test results, what is the probability of COVID19", or formally $P(\theta\mid{}D)$ or $P(\theta\mid{}\neg{}D)$... Well, that you can read in part 2
This is part 1 of 2 in the "Good Bayesian" Series.
Click here for the next post
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .
| 2020-12-01T08:45:17 |
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|
https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess121_2015-2016/sj15/20150423.htm
|
South Carolina General Assembly
121st Session, 2015-2016
Journal of the Senate
Thursday, April 23, 2015
(Statewide Session)
Indicates Matter Stricken
Indicates New Matter
The Senate assembled at 11:00 A.M., the hour to which it stood adjourned, and was called to order by the PRESIDENT.
A quorum being present, the proceedings were opened with a devotion by the Chaplain as follows:
With great confidence the Psalmist writes:
"Shout with joy to God, all the earth! Sing the glory of his name; make his praise glorious!" (Psalm 66:1-2)
O Loving God, how wondrously generous You have been to us here in South Carolina. By Your grace we are blessed with incredible natural resources, with opportunities that are boundless, and with a citizenry that is absolutely loaded with talent. We pray that You will lead these Senators, Lord, as they continue to seek evermore creative, meaningful, productive and responsible ways to move our State forward: caring genuinely for every citizen and bringing us all many, many more reasons to sing joyful songs of praise! In Your name we pray, Lord. Amen.
The PRESIDENT called for Petitions, Memorials, Presentments of Grand Juries and such like papers.
MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR
The following appointments were transmitted by the Honorable Nikki Randhawa Haley:
Local Appointments
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Gary W. Reinhart, 253 John Lindler Road, Chapin, SC 29036
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Gary S. Morgan, Post Office Box 3406, Leesville, SC 29070
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Arthur L. Myers, Post Office Box 61, Swansea, SC 29160
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Albert J. Dooley, 408 Koewee Drive, Lexington, SC 29072
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Matthew A. Johnson, 3144 Sierra Drive, West Columbia, SC 29170
Reappointment, Spartanburg County Master-in-Equity, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2021
Gordon G. Cooper, 409 Old Iron Works Road, Spartanburg, SC 29302
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Rebecca L. Adams, 56 Palmetto Wood Parkway, Irmo, SC 29063
Leave of Absence
On motion of Senator GROOMS, at 1:20 P.M., Senator CAMPBELL was granted a leave of absence for the balance of the day.
S. 685 (Word version) Sens. O'Dell, Nicholson, S. Martin, Campbell, Alexander
S. 667 (Word version) Sens. Alexander, Peeler
S. 47 (Word version) Sen. Nicholson
S. 690 (Word version) Sen. Hayes
S. 586 (Word version) Sen. Campsen
RECALLED
H. 3890 (Word version) -- Rep. Norrell: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 59-1-425, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE REQUIREMENT THAT ALL SCHOOL DAYS MISSED FOR SCHOOL CLOSINGS NECESSITATED BY WEATHER CONDITIONS OR OTHER DISRUPTIONS REQUIRING SCHOOLS TO CLOSE MUST BE MADE UP, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT WHEN SCHOOLS CLOSE BECAUSE THE GOVERNOR DECLARES A STATE OF EMERGENCY DUE TO SNOW, EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, OR OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS, STUDENTS IN THOSE SCHOOLS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO MAKE UP ANY DAYS MISSED AS A RESULT.
Senator HAYES asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Bill from the Committee on Education.
The Bill was recalled from the Committee on Education and ordered placed on the Calendar for consideration tomorrow.
H. 3929 (Word version) -- Rep. W.J. McLeod: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NAME THE BRIDGE CARRYING BOUNDARY STREET OVER THE CSX AND NORFOLK SOUTHERN RAILROAD TRACKS IN THE CITY OF NEWBERRY AS THE "COUNTY COUNCILMAN JOHN E. CALDWELL BRIDGE" IN HONOR OF FORMER NEWBERRY COUNTY COUNCILMAN JOHN E. CALDWELL AND TO REQUEST THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ERECT APPROPRIATE SIGNS AND MARKERS REFLECTING THIS DESIGNATION.
Senator CROMER asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Concurrent Resolution from the Committee on Transportation.
The Concurrent Resolution was recalled from the Committee on Transportation.
Senator CROMER asked unanimous consent to make a motion to take the Concurrent Resolution up for immediate consideration.
There was no objection.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Concurrent Resolution. The question then was the adoption of the Concurrent Resolution.
On motion of Senator CROMER, the Concurrent Resolution was adopted and returned to the House.
S. 690 (Word version) -- Senators Alexander and Hayes: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO DESIGNATE THE MONTH OF MAY 2015 AS "MENTAL HEALTH MONTH" IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND TO RAISE AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND THE NEED FOR APPROPRIATE AND ACCESSIBLE SERVICES FOR ALL PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS.
Senator ALEXANDER asked unanimous consent to make a motion to recall the Concurrent Resolution from the Committee on Medical Affairs.
The Concurrent Resolution was recalled from the Committee on Medical Affairs.
Senator ALEXANDER asked unanimous consent to make a motion to take the Concurrent Resolution up for immediate consideration.
There was no objection.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Concurrent Resolution. The question then was the adoption of the Concurrent Resolution.
On motion of Senator ALEXANDER, the Concurrent Resolution was adopted
RECOMMITTED
S. 654 (Word version) -- Labor, Commerce and Industry Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION - STATE ATHLETIC COMMISSION, RELATING TO PROFESSIONAL BOXING, WRESTLING, KICK BOXING, OFF THE STREET BOXING, AND MIXED MARTIAL ARTS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4536, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
On motion of Senator MASSEY, the Joint Resolution was recommitted to Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry.
S. 665 (Word version) -- Judiciary Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACADEMY, RELATING TO SUSPENSION OF CERTIFICATION DUE TO CRIMINAL CHARGES AND/OR INDICTMENT, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4524, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
On motion of Senator MASSEY, the Joint Resolution was recommitted to Committee on Judiciary.
INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
The following were introduced:
S. 707 (Word version) -- Senators Shealy and McElveen: A BILL TO AMEND CHAPTER 1, TITLE 27 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO PROPERTY AND CONVEYANCES, TO PROVIDE THAT A MEMBER OF THE ARMED FORCES WHO IS DEPLOYED OR MOBILIZED OUTSIDE OF THIS STATE, OR RECEIVES ORDERS FOR A PERMANENT CHANGE OF STATION OUTSIDE OF THIS STATE, OR A CIVILIAN EMPLOYEE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PERFORMING TEMPORARY DUTY OUTSIDE OF THE STATE IN SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES, SHALL BE ELIGIBLE TO WAIVE ANY UNPAID HOMEOWNERS' ASSOCIATION REGIME FEES THAT ACCRUE DURING THE TIME PERIOD THAT THE PERSON IS DEPLOYED, TO PROVIDE THAT THE ASSOCIATION MUST GRANT THE WAIVER IF THE PERSON PROVIDES COPIES OF THE ORDERS THAT REQUIRE SERVICE OUTSIDE OF THIS STATE AND A VALID MILITARY IDENTIFICATION CARD, AND TO EXTEND THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION TO DEPENDENTS RESIDING WITH THE SERVICE MEMBER.
l:\s-res\ks\027depl.ksg.ks.docx
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
S. 708 (Word version) -- Education Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, RELATING TO END-OF-COURSE TESTS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4530, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
l:\council\bills\dbs\31257cz15.docx
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 709 (Word version) -- Education Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, RELATING TO USE AND DISSEMINATION OF TEST RESULTS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4532, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
l:\council\bills\dbs\31259cz15.docx
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 710 (Word version) -- Education Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, RELATING TO TEST SECURITY, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4531, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
l:\council\bills\dbs\31258cz15.docx
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 711 (Word version) -- Education Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, RELATING TO ASSESSMENT PROGRAM, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4529, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
l:\council\bills\dbs\31256cz15.docx
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 712 (Word version) -- Banking and Insurance Committee: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO APPROVE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, RELATING TO CONSUMER CREDIT COUNSELING REQUIREMENTS, DESIGNATED AS REGULATION DOCUMENT NUMBER 4527, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 23, TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE.
l:\council\bills\dbs\31260cz15.docx
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
S. 713 (Word version) -- Senator Grooms: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO PROCLAIM MAY 2015 AS "MOTORCYCLE SAFETY AWARENESS MONTH" THROUGHOUT THE STATE AND TO ENCOURAGE ALL SOUTH CAROLINIANS TO BE AWARE OF MOTORCYCLISTS WHO SHARE OUR ROADS AND HIGHWAYS AND TO WORK TOGETHER TO REDUCE MOTORCYCLE-RELATED CRASHES, INJURIES, AND FATALITIES.
l:\s-res\lkg\024moto.kmm.lkg.docx
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Transportation.
S. 714 (Word version) -- Senator Alexander: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 12-54-122, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO TAX LIENS, SO AS TO ALLOW THE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE TO FILE TAX LIENS VALIDLY BY IMPLEMENTING AN INTERNET ACCESSIBLE NOTICE SYSTEM.
l:\council\bills\bbm\9355dg15.docx
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Finance.
S. 715 (Word version) -- Senator Allen: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO HONOR THE REVEREND DR. JERRY YOUNG, PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION, USA, INCORPORATED, FOR HIS LONG AND DISTINGUISHED MINISTRY AND TO EXTEND TO HIM A WARM WELCOME TO THE PALMETTO STATE AS HE DELIVERS THE KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT THE BAPTIST EDUCATIONAL AND MISSIONARY CONVENTION OF SOUTH CAROLINA'S 138TH ANNUAL SESSION.
l:\council\bills\rm\1235dg15.docx
S. 716 (Word version) -- Senator Alexander: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 12-8-1530, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE QUARTERLY INCOME TAX WITHHOLDINGS, SO AS TO CHANGE THE DUE DATE OF THE FOURTH QUARTER RETURN FROM THE LAST DAY OF FEBRUARY TO THE LAST DAY OF JANUARY; AND TO AMEND SECTION 12-8-1550, RELATING TO THE DUE DATE FOR FILING STATEMENTS REGARDING INCOME TAX WITHHOLDINGS WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, SO AS TO CHANGE THE DUE DATE FROM THE LAST DAY OF FEBRUARY TO THE LAST DAY OF JANUARY.
l:\council\bills\dka\3092sa15.docx
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Finance.
S. 717 (Word version) -- Senator Lourie: A SENATE RESOLUTION TO CONGRATULATE THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA EQUESTRIAN TEAM AND ITS COACHES ON A STELLAR SEASON AND TO CELEBRATE THEIR WIN OF THE 2015 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE EQUESTRIAN ASSOCIATION NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
l:\council\bills\rm\1233cz15.docx
H. 3304 (Word version) -- Reps. Brannon, Allison, Cole, Hicks, Tallon, Nanney, Henderson, Loftis, Hamilton, Stringer, Bannister and Putnam: A BILL TO CREATE THE LANDRUM FIRE AND RESCUE DISTRICT IN GREENVILLE AND SPARTANBURG COUNTIES, TO ESTABLISH A GOVERNING COMMISSION, AND TO PRESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3539 (Word version) -- Reps. J. E. Smith, Bannister, Simrill, Bernstein, King, Govan, McKnight, Williams, Norrell, Tinkler, Henegan, Bales, Jefferson, Hicks, Newton, Funderburk, Huggins, Ridgeway, Collins, Pitts and White: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 59-29-240 SO AS TO ENACT THE "JAMES B. EDWARDS CIVICS EDUCATION INITIATIVE" TO REQUIRE ALL STUDENTS OF PUBLIC OR CHARTER SCHOOLS OR PERSONS PURSUING A GENERAL EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CERTIFICATE IN THIS STATE TO TAKE THE UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP CIVICS TEST PRODUCED BY THE UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES, TO DIRECT SCHOOL DISTRICTS TO AWARD A CERTIFICATE OF ACHIEVEMENT TO ALL STUDENTS WHO RECEIVE A GRADE OF 60 OR BETTER ON THE TEST, AND TO DIRECT THE RESPECTIVE SCHOOLS TO REPORT RESULTS TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA EDUCATION OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE FOR INCLUSION IN THE REPORT CARD FOR EACH SCHOOL, AS APPLICABLE.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Education.
H. 3840 (Word version) -- Reps. Clemmons, H. A. Crawford, Johnson, George, Hardwick, Hayes and Ryhal: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-7-320, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF VOTING PRECINCTS IN HORRY COUNTY, SO AS TO REDESIGNATE THE VARIOUS PRECINCTS, AND TO REDESIGNATE THE MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THE NAMES OF THESE PRECINCTS MAY BE FOUND AND MAINTAINED BY THE REVENUE AND FISCAL AFFAIRS OFFICE.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 3890 (Word version) -- Rep. Norrell: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 59-1-425, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE REQUIREMENT THAT ALL SCHOOL DAYS MISSED FOR SCHOOL CLOSINGS NECESSITATED BY WEATHER CONDITIONS OR OTHER DISRUPTIONS REQUIRING SCHOOLS TO CLOSE MUST BE MADE UP, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT WHEN SCHOOLS CLOSE BECAUSE THE GOVERNOR DECLARES A STATE OF EMERGENCY DUE TO SNOW, EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, OR OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS, STUDENTS IN THOSE SCHOOLS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO MAKE UP ANY DAYS MISSED AS A RESULT.
Read the first time and, on motion of Senator HAYES, with unanimous consent, H. 3890 was ordered placed on the Calendar without reference.
H. 3900 (Word version) -- Reps. Allison, Brannon, Cole, Forrester, Hicks and Tallon: A BILL TO REAPPORTION THE SPECIFIC ELECTION DISTRICTS FROM WHICH MEMBERS OF THE SPARTANBURG COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT 5 BOARD OF TRUSTEES MUST BE ELECTED BEGINNING WITH THE 2015 SCHOOL DISTRICT ELECTIONS, TO DESIGNATE A MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THESE ELECTION DISTRICTS ARE DELINEATED, TO PROVIDE DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE REAPPORTIONED ELECTION DISTRICTS, AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE TRUSTEES' TERMS AND MANNER OF ELECTION.
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Local and Uncontested Calendar.
H. 4005 (Word version) -- Reps. Southard, Merrill, Daning, Jefferson and Rivers: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-7-120, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF VOTING PRECINCTS IN BERKELEY COUNTY, SO AS TO REDESIGNATE THE PRECINCTS AND THE MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THE NAMES OF THESE PRECINCTS MAY BE FOUND AND MAINTAINED BY THE REVENUE AND FISCAL AFFAIRS OFFICE.
Read the first time and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.
H. 4014 (Word version) -- Reps. Gambrell, Gagnon, Hill, Putnam, Thayer and White: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 509 OF 1982, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE ANDERSON COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, SO AS TO CHANGE THE METHOD OF ELECTING FOUR OF THE FIVE MEMBERS OF THE ANDERSON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT 3 BOARD OF TRUSTEES FROM RESIDENCY AREAS TO SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICTS.
Read the first time and ordered placed on the Local and Uncontested Calendar.
H. 4035 (Word version) -- Reps. Robinson-Simpson, Jefferson, Alexander, Allison, Anderson, Anthony, Atwater, Bales, Ballentine, Bamberg, Bannister, Bedingfield, Bernstein, Bingham, Bowers, Bradley, Brannon, G. A. Brown, R. L. Brown, Burns, Chumley, Clary, Clemmons, Clyburn, Cobb-Hunter, Cole, Collins, Corley, H. A. Crawford, Crosby, Daning, Delleney, Dillard, Douglas, Duckworth, Erickson, Felder, Finlay, Forrester, Funderburk, Gagnon, Gambrell, George, Gilliard, Goldfinch, Govan, Hamilton, Hardee, Hardwick, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Henegan, Herbkersman, Hicks, Hill, Hiott, Hixon, Hodges, Horne, Hosey, Howard, Huggins, Johnson, Jordan, Kennedy, King, Kirby, Knight, Limehouse, Loftis, Long, Lowe, Lucas, Mack, McCoy, McEachern, McKnight, M. S. McLeod, W. J. McLeod, Merrill, Mitchell, D. C. Moss, V. S. Moss, Murphy, Nanney, Neal, Newton, Norman, Norrell, Ott, Parks, Pitts, Pope, Putnam, Quinn, Ridgeway, Riley, Rivers, Rutherford, Ryhal, Sandifer, Simrill, G. M. Smith, G. R. Smith, J. E. Smith, Sottile, Southard, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stringer, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Tinkler, Toole, Weeks, Wells, Whipper, White, Whitmire, Williams, Willis and Yow: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE AND HONOR THE OFFICERS, MEMBERS, AND AUXILIARIES OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA STATE CHAPTERS OF ZETA PHI BETA SORORITY, INCORPORATED, FOR THEIR OUTSTANDING SERVICE TO THE CITIZENS OF OUR STATE, OUR NATION, AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND TO DECLARE MAY 20, 2015, "ZETA PHI BETA SORORITY DAY" IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
The Concurrent Resolution was introduced and referred to the Committee on Invitations.
REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES
Senator HAYES from the Committee on Banking and Insurance submitted a favorable report on:
S. 135 (Word version) -- Senators Cleary, Campbell, Verdin, Shealy, Fair, Lourie, Young, Corbin and S. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 38-71-280, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, SO AS TO REVISE RELATED DEFINITIONS, TO DELETE EXISTING ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS, AND TO PROVIDE A CITATION TO THE SECTION AS BEING "RYAN'S LAW".
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator VERDIN from the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources submitted a favorable with amendment report on:
S. 578 (Word version) -- Senators Hembree, Campbell and Cleary: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 48-39-170(C) OF THE 1976 CODE, TO PROVIDE A THREE-YEAR STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ON THE ENFORCEMENT VIOLATIONS RELATING TO MINOR DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES EXCEPT IN INSTANCES WHERE THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR KNOWINGLY OR INTENTIONALLY WITHHELD INFORMATION RELATING TO THE ALLEGED VIOLATION.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator HAYES from the Committee on Banking and Insurance submitted a favorable report on:
S. 666 (Word version) -- Senator Hayes: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 38-39-70, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO MATTERS THAT MAY BE INCLUDED IN PREMIUM SERVICE AGREEMENTS, SO AS TO PROVIDE THESE AGREEMENTS ALSO MAY INCLUDE INTEREST ON MITIGATION LOANS AS APPROVED BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE OR HIS DESIGNEE AND TO PROVIDE INTEREST CHARGES RELATED TO MITIGATION PROJECTS OR LOANS MUST BE LIMITED TO THE STATUTORY LEGAL RATE OF INTEREST; AND TO AMEND SECTION 38-39-80, RELATING TO ACTIVITIES PROHIBITED OF INSURANCE PREMIUM SERVICE COMPANIES, SO AS TO PROVIDE INSURANCE PREMIUM SERVICE COMPANIES MAY NOT WRITE INSURANCE OR SELL OTHER SERVICES OR COMMODITIES IN CONNECTION WITH A PREMIUM SERVICE CONTRACT EXCEPT AS APPROVED BY THE DIRECTOR OR HIS DESIGNEE FOR MITIGATION PURPOSES.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator ALEXANDER from the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry submitted a favorable report on:
H. 3305 (Word version) -- Reps. Lowe, Bingham, Horne, Weeks and Bradley: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 41-35-120, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DENIAL OF UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS FOR AN EMPLOYEE WHO TESTS POSITIVE FOR ILLEGAL DRUG USE OR THE UNLAWFUL USE OF LEGAL DRUGS, SO AS TO REVISE THE RANGE OF SPECIMENS FROM AN EMPLOYEE THAT MAY BE TESTED TO INCLUDE ORAL FLUIDS.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator O'DELL from the General Committee submitted a favorable report on:
H. 3324 (Word version) -- Reps. J.E. Smith, G.M. Smith, Yow, Hardee, Clemmons, Goldfinch, Hardwick, Johnson, Duckworth, W.J. McLeod and Gilliard: A JOINT RESOLUTION TO ESTABLISH A COMMITTEE TO STUDY STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL VETERANS ISSUES; TO MAKE APPROPRIATE LEGISLATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE STRUCTURE, DELIVERY, AND COORDINATION OF VETERANS SERVICES IN SOUTH CAROLINA; AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE COMMITTEE'S MEMBERSHIP, DURATION, AND STAFFING.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator O'DELL from the General Committee submitted a favorable report on:
H. 3547 (Word version) -- Reps. J.E. Smith and Yow: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 25-1-2350, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS AND PROTECTIONS GRANTED TO MEMBERS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA NATIONAL GUARD AND SOUTH CAROLINA STATE GUARD WHO SERVE STATE DUTY SHALL APPLY ALSO TO A PERSON WHO IS EMPLOYED IN SOUTH CAROLINA BUT IS A MEMBER OF ANOTHER STATE'S NATIONAL GUARD OR STATE GUARD.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator O'DELL from the General Committee submitted a favorable report on:
H. 3683 (Word version) -- Reps. Williams, Hosey, Gilliard, Mack and Yow: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 25-1-350, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL, SO AS TO REQUIRE THE ADJUTANT GENERAL TO SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
Senator O'DELL from the General Committee polled out H. 4026 favorable:
H. 4026 (Word version) -- Reps. Erickson, Collins, M.S. McLeod, Alexander, Allison, Anderson, Anthony, Atwater, Bales, Ballentine, Bamberg, Bannister, Bedingfield, Bernstein, Bingham, Bowers, Bradley, Brannon, G.A. Brown, R.L. Brown, Burns, Chumley, Clary, Clemmons, Clyburn, Cobb-Hunter, Cole, Corley, H.A. Crawford, Crosby, Daning, Delleney, Dillard, Douglas, Duckworth, Felder, Finlay, Forrester, Funderburk, Gagnon, Gambrell, George, Gilliard, Goldfinch, Govan, Hamilton, Hardee, Hardwick, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Henegan, Herbkersman, Hicks, Hill, Hiott, Hixon, Hodges, Horne, Hosey, Howard, Huggins, Jefferson, Johnson, Jordan, Kennedy, King, Kirby, Knight, Limehouse, Loftis, Long, Lowe, Lucas, Mack, McCoy, McEachern, McKnight, W.J. McLeod, Merrill, Mitchell, D.C. Moss, V.S. Moss, Murphy, Nanney, Neal, Newton, Norman, Norrell, Ott, Parks, Pitts, Pope, Putnam, Quinn, Ridgeway, Riley, Rivers, Robinson-Simpson, Rutherford, Ryhal, Sandifer, Simrill, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, J.E. Smith, Sottile, Southard, Spires, Stavrinakis, Stringer, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Tinkler, Toole, Weeks, Wells, Whipper, White, Whitmire, Williams, Willis and Yow: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO RECOGNIZE THAT ABUSE AND NEGLECT OF CHILDREN ARE SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS AND TO DECLARE TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 2015, AS "CHILDREN'S ADVOCACY DAY" IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
Poll of the General Committee
Polled 17; Ayes 16; Nays 0; Not Voting 1
AYES
O'Dell Sheheen Lourie
Bryant Jackson Cromer
Cleary Bright Verdin
Martin, Shane Shealy Young
Kimpson Johnson McElveen
Sabb
Total--16
NAYS
Total--0
NOT VOTING
Campbell
Total--1
Ordered for consideration tomorrow.
On motion of Senator O'DELL, with unanimous consent the Concurrent Resolution was taken up for immediate consideration, adopted and ordered returned to the House.
Appointments Reported
Senator VERDIN from the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources submitted a favorable report on:
Statewide Appointment
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, with the term to commence April 6, 2013, and to expire April 6, 2019
Veterinarian At-Large:
Elizabeth M. Fuller, 1236 Sunset Drive, Charleston, SC 29407 VICE Oswald H. King
Senator COURSON from the Committee on Education submitted a favorable report on:
Statewide Appointments
Initial Appointment, South Carolina Public Charter School District Board of Trustees, with the term to commence July 1, 2012, and to expire July 1, 2015
SC Alliance of Black Educators:
Ronald L. Epps, 6 Old South Drive, Columbia, SC 29209
Reappointment, South Carolina Public Charter School District Board of Trustees, with the term to commence July 1, 2015, and to expire July 1, 2018
SC Alliance of Black Educators:
Ronald L. Epps, 6 Old South Drive, Columbia, SC 29209
Reappointment, South Carolina Public Charter School District Board of Trustees, with the term to commence May 3, 2014, and to expire May 3, 2018
At-Large - Governor:
Don L. McLaurin, 13 Water Street, Charleston, SC 29401
Senator ALEXANDER from the Committee on Labor, Commerce and Industry submitted a favorable report on:
Statewide Appointments
Initial Appointment, South Carolina Residential Builders Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2011, and to expire June 30, 2015
3rd Congressional District:
Timothy W. Roberts, 2907 Rambling Path, Anderson, SC 29621
Reappointment, South Carolina Residential Builders Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2015, and to expire June 30, 2019
3rd Congressional District:
Timothy W. Roberts, 2907 Rambling Path, Anderson, SC 29621
Reappointment, South Carolina Residential Builders Commission, with the term to commence June 30, 2014, and to expire June 30, 2018
7th Congressional District:
Bryan H. Dowd, BHD Builders, Inc., 1931 Osprey Drive, Florence, SC 29501
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Social Work Examiners, with the term to commence November 27, 2011, and to expire November 27, 2015
General Public:
Dean S. Stephens, 102 Golf View Lane, Greenville, SC 29609
Reappointment, South Carolina State Board of Social Work Examiners, with the term to commence November 27, 2015, and to expire November 27, 2019
General Public:
Dean S. Stephens, 102 Golf View Lane, Greenville, SC 29609
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Social Work Examiners, with the term to commence November 27, 2014, and to expire November 27, 2018
LISW:
Harold T. Patrick, Jr., 37 Carolina Street, Charleston, SC 29403 VICE Marjorie Hammock
Initial Appointment, South Carolina State Board of Social Work Examiners, with the term to commence November 27, 2012, and to expire November 27, 2016
LBSW:
Jacqueline S. Lowe, 3 South Canterbury Court, Blythewood, SC 29016 VICE Susan Powell Graham (resigned)
Reappointment, South Carolina Panel for Dietetics, with the term to commence May 30, 2013, and to expire May 30, 2017
Dietician, Consulting:
Edna Cox Rice, 117 Scotland Drive, Lexington, SC 29072
Message from the House
Columbia, S.C., April 21, 2015
Mr. President and Senators:
The House respectfully informs your Honorable Body that it has confirmed the appointment:
MASTER-IN-EQUITY
Reappointment, Spartanburg County Master-in-Equity, with term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2021:
The Honorable Gordon G. Cooper, 409 Old Iron Works Road, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302
Very respectfully,
Speaker of the House
THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO A CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED LOCAL AND STATEWIDE CALENDAR.
ORDERED ENROLLED FOR RATIFICATION
The following Bills were read the third time and, having received three readings in both Houses, it was ordered that the title be changed to that of an Act and enrolled for Ratification:
H. 3393 (Word version) -- Rep. Lowe: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 50-9-630 SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A PERSON SHALL OBTAIN A FEDERAL MIGRATORY HUNTING AND CONSERVATION STAMP IN ADDITION TO OBTAINING REQUIRED STATE HUNTING LICENSES AND PERMITS, TO PROVIDE THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MAY CONTRACT WITH THE UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE TO MAKE THE FEDERAL MIGRATORY HUNTING AND CONSERVATION STAMP AVAILABLE THROUGH THE LICENSE SALES SYSTEM OF THE DEPARTMENT, TO PROVIDE FOR THE ENDORSEMENT OF THE STAMP ON STATE HUNTING LICENSES BY THE DEPARTMENT, AND TO PROVIDE FOR RELATED FEES, AMONG OTHER THINGS; AND TO AMEND SECTION 50-9-920, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO REVENUE GENERATED FROM THE SALE OF HUNTING LICENSES, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT FEES REMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT FOR EACH FEDERAL MIGRATORY HUNTING AND CONSERVATION STAMP MUST BE CREDITED TO THE FISH AND WILDLIFE PROTECTION FUND, AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF THESE FEES.
Statement by Senator YOUNG
I voted in favor of H. 3393 on third reading. My vote against the Bill on second reading was based on a misunderstanding on the Senate floor yesterday. At that time, I believed the Bill imposed a fee increase for a South Carolina resident to hunt ducks. I have now learned that this information was not accurate. I provided this statement so that the Senate Journal would reflect that I support the Bill.
H. 3668 (Word version) -- Reps. Pitts and Goldfinch: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 50-11-365, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT ALL PERSONS MUST WEAR A HAT, COAT, OR VEST OF SOLID VISIBLE INTERNATIONAL ORANGE WHILE ON WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA LANDS DURING DEER HUNTING SEASON.
H. 3762 (Word version) -- Reps. Hayes and Hiott: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-2460, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO ANIMAL TRAPS THAT ARE ALLOWED FOR TRAPPING, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A TRAP MAY BEAR ITS OWNER'S DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES-ISSUED CUSTOMER NUMBER.
SENT TO THE HOUSE
The following Bills were read the third time and ordered sent to the House of Representatives:
S. 211 (Word version) -- Senator Campsen: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 56-2-105(E) OF THE 1976 CODE, SO AS TO ALLOW POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS TO CREATE SEPARATE GOLF CART PATHS ON STREETS AND ROADS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE POLITICAL SUBDIVISION.
S. 592 (Word version) -- Senator Campsen: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 50-11-710(A) OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO THE HUNTING OF FERAL HOGS, COYOTES, AND ARMADILLOS, TO PROVIDE THAT FERAL HOGS, COYOTES, AND ARMADILLOS MAY BE HUNTED AT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR UNDER AUTHORITY OF AND PURSUANT TO THE CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN A DEPREDATION PERMIT ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT AND FROM THE LAST DAY OF FEBRUARY TO THE FIRST DAY OF JULY OF THAT SAME YEAR WITH ANY LEGAL FIREARM, BOW AND ARROW, OR CROSSBOW WHEN NOTICE IS GIVEN TO THE DEPARTMENT, AND TO PROVIDE CONDITIONS FOR HUNTING THESE ANIMALS AT NIGHT.
The following Bill, having been read the second time, was ordered placed on the Third Reading Calendar:
H. 3658 (Word version) -- Reps. Yow, Henegan and Lucas: A BILL TO AMEND ACT 1010 OF 1968, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE LOCAL EDUCATION ADVISORY COUNCILS IN THE CHESTERFIELD COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT, SO AS TO REVISE THE NUMBER OF ADVISORY COUNCILS FROM SEVEN TO FOUR THROUGH CONSOLIDATION OF SPECIFIC ATTENDANCE AREAS, TO PROVIDE UNEXPIRED TERMS OF ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS SERVING ON THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS ACT ARE TERMINATED ON THAT DATE AND ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS SUBSEQUENTLY MUST BE APPOINTED BY THE DISTRICT BOARD OF EDUCATION AND THE LEGISLATIVE DELEGATION WILL HAVE NO ROLE IN APPOINTING MEMBERS TO THE ADVISORY COUNCILS, TO PROVIDE FOR THE STAGGERING OF ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBER TERMS, AMONG OTHER THINGS.
S. 512 (Word version) -- Senators Sheheen, McElveen, Lourie and L. Martin: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 6-13-90 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO WILFUL DAMAGE TO A WATER SYSTEM, TO PROVIDE DIFFERENT PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE SECTION BASED UPON THE AMOUNT OF PROPERTY DAMAGE; AND TO PROVIDE THAT ALL OFFENSES OF THIS NATURE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THIS PENALTY.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill.
Senator HEMBREE proposed the following amendment (JUD0512.006), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking all after the enacting language and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Article 7, Chapter 11 of Title 16 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Section 16-11-745. (A) It shall be unlawful for any person to wilfully and maliciously injure, destroy, damage, tamper with, obstruct, or impair a public water system as defined by Section 44-55-20(13) or a public sewer system of the State or a political subdivision of the State, or any part thereof, or any machinery, apparatus, or equipment of the water system, or to pollute the water in any part of its system, or to obtain water therefrom except in accordance with the regulations promulgated by the appropriate agency of the State or political subdivision. It shall also be unlawful to aid, agree with, employ, or conspire with a person to do or cause to be done any of the foregoing acts.
(B) A person who violates this section, upon conviction, shall be liable to pay all damages suffered by the water system, and is guilty of a misdemeanor and must be fined not more than five hundred dollars or imprisoned for not more than thirty days, or both if the value of the damage is two thousand dollars or less. A person who violates this section, upon conviction, is guilty of a misdemeanor and must be fined not more than five thousand dollars nor less than two thousand dollars or imprisoned for not more than 3 years, or both if the value of the damage is greater than two thousand dollars."
SECTION 2. Section 5-31-20 of the 1976 Code is deleted.
SECTION 3. Section 6-13-90 of the 1976 Code is deleted.
SECTION 4. The repeal or amendment by this act of any law, whether temporary or permanent or civil or criminal, does not affect pending actions, rights, duties, or liabilities founded thereon, or alter, discharge, release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under the repealed or amended law, unless the repealed or amended provision shall so expressly provide. After the effective date of this act, all laws repealed or amended by this act must be taken and treated as remaining in full force and effect for the purpose of sustaining any pending or vested right, civil action, special proceeding, criminal prosecution, or appeal existing as of the effective date of this act, and for the enforcement of rights, duties, penalties, forfeitures, and liabilities as they stood under the repealed or amended laws.
SECTION 5. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator HEMBREE explained the amendment.
The question then was the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Gregory Grooms Hayes
Hembree Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Pinckney Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Total--0
The Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
AMENDMENT WITHDRAWN, READ THE SECOND TIME
H. 3443 (Word version) -- Reps. Long, Erickson, Daning, Atwater, Bradley, Hixon, Newton, Ridgeway, Simrill, Spires, G.M. Smith, Weeks and Johnson: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 40-37-290, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE PURCHASING, POSSESSING, ADMINISTERING, SUPPLYING, AND PRESCRIBING OF CERTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS BY OPTOMETRISTS AND THE PROHIBITION ON SCHEDULE I AND II CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES, SO AS TO CLARIFY THAT SCHEDULE II CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE BEEN RECLASSIFIED FROM SCHEDULE III TO SCHEDULE II ON OR AFTER OCTOBER 6, 2014, MAY CONTINUE TO BE PURCHASED, POSSESSED, ADMINISTERED, SUPPLIED, AND PRESCRIBED BY AN OPTOMETRIST.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill.
Senator CAMPSEN proposed the following amendment (3443R001.KG.GEC), which was withdrawn:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 1, by striking lines 34-38 and inserting:
/ substances as defined in Section 44-53-110 except for hydrocodone combination products, which have been reclassified from Schedule III to Schedule II on or after October 6, 2014 and may continue to be purchased, possessed, administered, supplied, and prescribed by an optometrist for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the practice /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
On motion of Senator CAMPSEN, the amendment was withdrawn.
The question then was the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Gregory Grooms Hayes
Hembree Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Pinckney Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Total--0
The Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 176 (Word version) -- Senator Alexander: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-63-74(A) OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO ELECTRONIC FILING AND TRANSMISSION OF DEATH CERTIFICATES, TO PROVIDE THAT DEATH CERTIFICATES MUST BE ELECTRONICALLY FILED WITH THE BUREAU OF VITAL STATISTICS WITHIN THREE DAYS AFTER DEATH, TO PROVIDE THAT MEDICAL CERTIFICATIONS OF CAUSE OF DEATH SHALL BE COMPLETED AND RETURNED TO FUNERAL HOME DIRECTORS WITHIN FORTY-EIGHT HOURS AFTER DEATH BY THE PHYSICIAN IN CHARGE OF THE PATIENT'S CARE FOR THE ILLNESS OR CONDITION WHICH RESULTED IN DEATH, EXCEPT WHEN INQUIRY IS REQUIRED BY CORONER OR MEDICAL EXAMINER, TO PROVIDE THAT IF THE CAUSE OF DEATH CANNOT BE DETERMINED WITHIN FORTY-EIGHT HOURS AFTER DEATH, A MEDICAL CERTIFICATION SHALL BE ENTERED AS PENDING AND A SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT SHALL BE FILED WITH THE BUREAU OF VITAL STATISTICS AND THIS REPORT SHALL BE MADE PART OF THE DEATH CERTIFICATE, AND TO PROVIDE PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 32-8-325(A)(1), RELATING TO THE RECEIPT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR CREMATION, TO PROVIDE THAT A DEATH CERTIFICATE ABSTRACT IS SUFFICIENT TO AUTHORIZE CREMATIONS; AND TO AMEND SECTION 32-8-340(A), RELATING TO THE TIME PERIOD PRIOR TO CREMATION, TO CONFORM TO AMENDMENTS ALLOWING FOR THE USE OF A DEATH CERTIFICATE ABSTRACT.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill.
The Committee on Medical Affairs proposed the following amendment (AGM\176C004.AGM.AB15), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by deleting all after the enacting words and inserting:
/ SECTION 1. Section 44-63-74(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(A)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, death certificates must be electronically filed with the Bureau of Vital Statistics as prescribed by the State Registrar of Vital Statistics within five days after death.
(2) The funeral director or other person acting as the funeral director who first assumes custody of a dead body shall file a death certificate. He also shall obtain:
(a) the personal data of the decedent from the next of kin or the best qualified person or source available; and
(b) the medical certification of cause of death as provided in department regulations.
(3) Medical certifications of cause of death must be completed and returned to the funeral home director within forty-eight hours after receipt of notice of the death by the physician in charge of the patient's care for the illness or condition which resulted in death, except when an inquiry is required by a coroner or medical examiner. If the cause of death cannot be determined within forty-eight hours after death, the medical certification must be entered as pending, and the physician, medical examiner, or coroner shall submit a supplemental report to the state registrar on a form furnished by or approved by him as soon as practicable. The supplemental report shall be made a part of the death certificate. If the forty-eight hour period terminates on a weekend, federal holiday, or state holiday, the physician must file the certification by the end of the next business day. In the absence of this physician or with his approval, the certificate may be completed by his associate physician, the chief medical officer of the institution in which the death occurred, or by the pathologist who performed an autopsy upon the decedent.
(4) Death certificates must be transmitted electronically between the funeral home director and the physician, coroner, or medical examiner certifying the cause of death in order to document the death certificate information prescribed by this chapter. Required signatures on death certificates must be provided by electronic signature. An individual who acts, without compensation, as a funeral director on behalf of a deceased family member or friend, physicians certifying fewer than twelve deaths per year, and funeral homes that perform fewer than twelve funerals per year are exempt from this the requirement to file electronically but must comply with the requirements of items (2) or (3), as applicable.
(5)(a) A physician who fails to certify the cause of death within forty-eight hours, without good cause shown, may be assessed an administrative penalty for violating item (3) and the department shall notify the Board of Medical Examiners if a penalty is assessed. Each day after the initial forty-eight hour period shall constitute an additional violation.
(b) A funeral home or funeral director who fails to file a death certificate or collect data or collect medical certification of cause of death as required in items (1), (2), or both, without good cause shown, may be assessed an administrative penalty for violating the respective item and the department shall notify the Board of Funeral Services if a penalty is assessed. Each day after the initial five day period in item (1) shall constitute an additional violation of that item.
(c) A physician, funeral director, or funeral home that is required to file electronically pursuant to item (4) but who fails to file accordingly may be assessed an administrative penalty for violating item (4).
(i) two hundred fifty dollars for a first violation or a warning letter;
(ii) five hundred dollars for a second violation; and
(iii) one thousand dollars for a third or subsequent violation.
(e) The department shall retain any administrative penalties collected pursuant to this subsection and must allocate all of these funds to the Bureau of Vital Statistics for its use."
SECTION 2. Section 32-8-325(A)(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(A) A crematory authority shall not cremate human remains until it has received all of the following:
(1)(a) A An abstract of information from a filed death certificate available on the electronic vital records system or a certified copy of the death certificate; however, if the decedent was pronounced dead during hours the department was not open to the public, a completed copy of the death certificate, excluding the signature of the State Registrar of Vital Statistics, signed by the attending physician, coroner, or medical examiner must be provided to the crematory authority; the death certificate signed by the registrar must be filed the next working day of the department and a certified copy must be provided to the crematory authority."
SECTION 3. Section 32-8-340(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(A) Human remains may not be cremated before twenty-four hours have elapsed from the time of death as indicated on the attending physician's, medical examiner's, or coroner's certificate of death, or an abstract of information from a filed death certificate available on the electronic vital records system. However, if it is known that the decedent had an infectious or dangerous disease and if the time requirement is waived in writing by the attending physician, medical examiner, or coroner in the county in which the death occurred, the remains may be cremated before twenty-four hours have elapsed."
SECTION 4. This act takes effect January 1, 2016. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator CLEARY explained the Bill.
The question then was the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 42; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Gregory Grooms Hayes
Hembree Hutto Jackson
Johnson Kimpson Leatherman
Malloy Martin, Larry Martin, Shane
Massey Matthews McElveen
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Rankin Reese Sabb
Scott Setzler Shealy
Sheheen Thurmond Turner
Verdin Williams Young
Total--42
NAYS
Total--0
The Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 341 (Word version) -- Senator Kimpson: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 44-37-65 SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT EVERY HOSPITAL IN THIS STATE SHALL PROVIDE THE PARENTS OF EACH NEWBORN BABY DELIVERED IN THE HOSPITAL CERTAIN EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION ON RENAL MEDULLARY CARCINOMA AND THE DEBILITATING EFFECT OF THIS RARE KIDNEY CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH THE SICKLE CELL TRAIT, AND TO PROVIDE A HOSPITAL IS NOT REQUIRED TO PROVIDE OR PAY FOR RENAL MEDULLARY CARCINOMA TESTING.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
Senator CLEARY explained the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 40; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Gregory Grooms Hayes
Hembree Hutto Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane McElveen
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Pinckney Rankin Reese
Sabb Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Verdin Williams
Young
Total--40
NAYS
Total--0
The Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 474 (Word version) -- Senator O'Dell: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 44-22-10, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO CHAPTER DEFINITIONS, SO AS TO ADD AND DEFINE THE TERM "AUTHORIZED HEALTH CARE PROVIDER"; TO AMEND SECTION 44-22-60, RELATING TO PATIENTS' RIGHTS, SO AS TO ALLOW AN AUTHORIZED HEALTH CARE PROVIDER TO PERFORM THE REQUIRED INITIAL EXAMINATION; AND TO AMEND SECTION 44-22-140, RELATING TO AUTHORIZATION OF MEDICATIONS AND TREATMENT GIVEN OR ADMINISTERED TO A PATIENT, SO AS TO ALLOW AN AUTHORIZED HEALTH CARE PROVIDER TO PERFORM THESE FUNCTIONS.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill.
The Committee on Medical Affairs proposed the following amendment (S-474 ), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 1, by striking lines 30-33 and inserting:
/ "(1) [Reserved] 'Authorized health care provider' means advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants licensed in South Carolina and authorized to provide specific treatments, care, or services pursuant to their respective practice acts in Title 40." /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator CLEARY explained the Bill.
The question then was the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 40; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bryant Campsen Cleary
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Gregory Grooms
Hayes Hembree Hutto
Johnson Kimpson Leatherman
Malloy Martin, Larry Martin, Shane
Massey Matthews McElveen
Nicholson O'Dell Peeler
Pinckney Rankin Reese
Sabb Scott Setzler
Shealy Sheheen Thurmond
Turner Verdin Williams
Young
Total--40
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill, the question being the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Corbin Courson Cromer
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Johnson Kimpson
Leatherman Malloy Martin, Larry
Martin, Shane Massey Matthews
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Pinckney Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Total--0
The Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 586 (Word version) -- Senators L. Martin, Sheheen and Massey: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 1-11-470, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO LIMITATIONS ON A CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICER'S USE OF FUNDS APPROPRIATED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, SO AS TO CHANGE REFERENCES FROM THE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD TO THE STATE FISCAL ACCOUNTABILITY AUTHORITY; TO AMEND CHAPTER 30 OF TITLE 1 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO DEPARTMENTS OF STATE GOVERNMENT, SO AS TO PROVIDE CORRECT REFERENCES TO ESTABLISHING AUTHORITY OR DUTIES FOR EACH DEPARTMENT AND DELETE LANGUAGE CONCERNING GOVERNMENT AGENCY TRANSFERS THAT HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED; TO AMEND SECTION 2-13-240, RELATING TO DISTRIBUTION OF CODE SETS BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, AS IT DETERMINES IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE STATE, MAY DISTRIBUTE OR SELL CODE OF LAWS, SUPPLEMENTS, OR REPLACEMENT VOLUMES TO PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES EXCEPT THAT IT MUST NOT CHARGE THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR CODES PLACED IN THE STATE HOUSE OR GRESSETTE OR BLATT BUILDINGS; TO AMEND SECTION 48-4-10, RELATING TO CREATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, SO AS TO DELETE PROVISIONS CONCERNING GOVERNMENT AGENCY TRANSFERS THAT HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED; TO AMEND SECTION 58-3-580, RELATING TO STAFF ORGANIZATION AND ALLOCATION IN THE OFFICE OF REGULATORY STAFF, SO AS TO DELETE PROVISIONS THAT HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED AND TO CLARIFY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S AUTHORITY CONCERNING OFFICE PERSONNEL; TO AMEND SECTION 63-19-360, RELATING TO INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES, SO AS TO DELETE LANGUAGE CONCERNING REPORTS THAT ALREADY HAVE BEEN COMPLETED AND TO PROVIDE THAT FUTURE REPORTS BE MADE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION INSTEAD OF THE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD, WHICH WILL BE ABOLISHED JULY 1, 2015, AS PROVIDED BY ACT 121 OF 2014; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 1-11-22, RELATING TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD STAFF; SECTION 48-22-20, RELATING TO POWERS DEVOLVED UPON THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BY THE 1993 RESTRUCTURING ACT; AND SECTION 59-150-355, RELATING TO EDUCATION LOTTERY APPROPRIATIONS AND USES, SO AS TO DELETE PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSFERS OF OR ACTIONS BY STATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THAT HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill.
Senator SHEHEEN proposed the following amendment (586R001.KM.VAS), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 2, by striking lines 21 through 42, in Section 1-11-470, as contained in SECTION 1, and inserting therein the following:
/ SECTION 1. Section 1-11-470 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-470. (A) No funds appropriated by the General Assembly may be used by a constitutional officer to purchase space including, but not limited to, notices or advertisements, in a print medium or time from a radio or television medium without unanimous prior written approval of the Budget and Control Board General Assembly.
(B) No funds appropriated by the General Assembly may be used by a constitutional officer to print on, or distribute with, official documents extraneous promotional material or to purchase plaques, awards, citations, or other recognitions without unanimous prior written approval of the Budget and Control Board.
(C) If nonpublic funds are used for the purposes enumerated in subsection (A), the constitutional officer expending the funds must submit the source of the funds showing all contributors to the Budget and Control Board Other Funds Joint Oversight Committee before the funds are expended.
(D)(C) The provisions of this section do not apply to the Governor or to the General Assembly." /
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking lines 13 through 41 on page 13 and by striking lines 1 through 25 on page 14, in Section 1-30-10, as contained in SECTION 2, and inserting therein the following:
/ Section 1-30-80. (A) The following agencies, boards, and commissions, including all of the allied, advisory, affiliated, or related entities as well as the employees, funds, property, and all contractual rights and obligations association with any such agency, except for those subdivisions specifically included under another department, are transferred to and incorporated in and must be administered as part of the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism to include a Parks, Recreation and Tourism Division.
Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, formerly provided for at Sections 51-1-10, 51-3-10, 51-7-10, 51-9-10, and 51-11-10, et seq.
The Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism is established as provided in Section 51-1-10.
(B)(1) Effective July 1, 2008, the The South Carolina Film Commission of the Department of Commerce is transferred to the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and becomes is a separate division of the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism.
(2) The South Carolina Film Commission as established in this section as a separate division of the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and transferred to it shall ensure that funds made available to film projects through the South Carolina Film Commission are budgeted and spent so as to further the following objectives:
(a) stimulation of economic activity to develop the potentialities of the State by recruiting and facilitating motion picture production and supporting companies and facilities that further the objectives of the division's programs and standards;
(b) conservation, restoration, and development of the natural and physical, the human and social, and the economic and productive resources of the State taking steps necessary to foster the economic and cultural development of the indigenous motion picture industry;
(c) promotion of a system of transportation for the State, through development and expansion of the highway, railroad, port, waterway, and airport systems receiving and disbursing funds which may become available by the federal government for programs related to motion picture production and related activities;
(d) promotion and correlation of state and local activity in planning public works projects;
(e) promotion of public interest in the development of the State through cooperation with public agencies, private enterprises, and charitable and social institutions by entering contracts within the amount made available by appropriation, with individuals, organizations, and institutions for services furthering the objectives of the division's programs, and with local and regional associations for cooperative endeavors furthering the objectives of the division's programs;
(f) encouragement of industrial development, private business, commercial enterprise, agricultural production, transportation, and the utilization and investment of capital within the State;
(g) assistance in the development of existing state and interstate trade, commerce, and markets for South Carolina goods and in the removal of barriers to the industrial, commercial, and agricultural development of the state;
(h)(e) assistance in ensuring stability in employment, increasing the opportunities for employment of the citizens of the State, devising ways and means to raise the living standards of the people of the State in accordance with the objectives of the division's programs and standards;
(i)(f) enhancement of the general welfare of the people; and
(j)(g) encouragement and consideration as appropriate so as to consider race, gender, and other demographic factors to ensure nondiscrimination, inclusion, and representation of all segments of the State to the greatest extent possible. /
Amend the bill further, as and if amended, page 20, by striking SECTION 5 in its entirety.
Amend the bill further, as and if amended, page 23, by striking SECTION 7 and SECTION 8 and inserting:
/ SECTION 7. Section 1-7-85 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-7-85. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Office of the Attorney General may obtain reimbursement for its costs in representing the State in criminal proceedings and in representing the State and its officers and agencies in civil and administrative proceedings. These costs may include, but are not limited to, attorney fees or investigative costs or costs of litigation awarded by court order or settlement, travel expenditures, depositions, printing, transcripts, and personnel costs. Reimbursement of these costs may be obtained by the Office of the Attorney General from the budget of an agency or officer that it is representing or from funds generally appropriated for legal expenses, with the approval of the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority."
SECTION 8. Section 1-7-160 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-7-160. A department or agency of state government may not hire a classified or temporary attorney as an employee except upon the written approval of the Attorney General and at compensation approved by him. All of these attorneys at all times are under the supervision and control of the Attorney General except as otherwise provided by law unless prior approval by the State Budget and Control Board the Department of Administration is obtained. This section does not apply to an attorney hired by the General Assembly or the Judicial department."
SECTION 9. Section 1-7-170(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-7-170. (A) A department or agency of state government may not engage on a fee basis an attorney at law except upon the written approval of the Attorney General and upon a fee as must be approved by him. This section does not apply to the employment of attorneys in special cases in inferior courts when the fee to be paid does not exceed two hundred fifty dollars or exceptions approved by the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration. This section does not apply to an attorney hired by the General Assembly or the judicial department."
SECTION 10. Section 1-11-141(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-141. (A) Agencies shall insure state-owned vehicles through the Budget and Control Board Insurance Reserve Fund of the State Fiscal Accountability Authority or shall absorb the cost of accident repairs within the agency budget."
SECTION 11. Section 1-11-141(C) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(C) Employees subjected to these assessments may appeal the assessment to the following bodies, in the following order:
(1) Agency Accident Review Board;
(2) Agency Executive Director or governing board or commission;
(3) State Motor Vehicle Management Council; and
(4) State Budget and Control Board Insurance Reserve Fund of the State Fiscal Accountability Authority."
SECTION 12. Section 1-11-145 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-145. The State Budget and Control Board Insurance Reserve Fund of the State Fiscal Accountability Authority may employ special agents to examine insurance risks carried by such Board the authority and perform any other duties which may be required of them. The cost of necessary supplies, equipment and travel expenses of the special agents shall be paid from the revenues of the Insurance Reserve Fund."
SECTION 13. Section 1-11-147 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-147. To underwrite automobile liability insurance provided by the board authority, the Budget and Control Board Insurance Reserve Fund of the State Fiscal Accountability Authority is authorized to either self-insure, purchase reinsurance, or use a combination of self-insurance and reinsurance. Should the board authority elect to purchase automobile liability reinsurance, the reinsurance shall be procured through a bid process in accordance with the South Carolina Consolidated Procurement Code with a contract term not to exceed three years."
SECTION 14. Section 1-11-160 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-160. The Division of General Services Division of the Budget and Control Board Department of Administration shall, when necessary, execute a certificate of exemption from taxation when a certificate is required for Federal tax purposes for or on behalf of political subdivisions that purchase property from or through the Division of General Services Division and the certificate so executed shall then constitute the certificate of the political subdivision. The Division of General Services Division shall accept the political subdivision's requisition or purchase order as conclusive proof that the property so requisitioned or purchased is for the exclusive use of the political subdivision."
SECTION 15. Section 1-11-405 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-405. No aircraft may be purchased, leased, or lease-purchased for more than a thirty-day period by any state agency without the prior authorization of the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority and the Joint Bond Review Committee."
SECTION 16. Section 1-11-460 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 1-11-460. The State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority, through the Division of Insurance Services Insurance Reserve Fund, is authorized to pay judgments against individual governmental employees and officials, in excess of one million dollars, subject to a maximum of four million dollars in excess of one million dollars for one employee and a maximum of twenty million dollars in excess of five million dollars in one fiscal year. These payments are limited to judgments rendered under 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 against governmental employees or officials who are covered by a tort liability policy issued by the Insurance Reserve Fund. These payments are also limited to judgments against governmental employees and officials for acts committed within the scope of employment. If a judgment is paid, the payment must be recovered by assessments against all governmental entities purchasing tort liability insurance from the Insurance Reserve Fund."
SECTION 17. Section 2-7-69(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 2-7-69. (A) (A) Notwithstanding another provision of law, if the Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office authorizes a state agency to exceed the number of positions authorized by the general appropriation act, the authorization for the positions must terminate at the end of the fiscal year in which the authorization is made unless the authorization is included as a new position in the general appropriation act for the following fiscal year. At each stage of the consideration of the annual general appropriation bill, the Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office shall compile and present in a report to the Members of the General Assembly an explanation and justification of all such new positions."
SECTION 18. Section 6-27-20 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 6-27-20. There is created the Local Government Fund administered by the State Treasurer. This fund is part of the general fund of the State. It is the intent of the General Assembly that this fund not be subject to mid-year cuts. However, if mid-year cuts are mandated by the State Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office or the General Assembly, as appropriate, pursuant to section 11-9-890(B), to avoid a year-end deficit, this fund is not subject to such cuts, except by a majority vote of the entire State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority which is separate and apart from any other reduction. These cuts are permitted only to the extent that counties and municipalities do not receive less funding than received in the immediate preceding fiscal year. The Local Government Fund must be financed as provided in this chapter."
SECTION 19. Section 8-1-190 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 8-1-190. Notwithstanding other provisions of law, the Budget and Control Board Department of Administration is authorized to enter into pilot programs with individual agencies or groups of agencies in order to create innovations in State Government. The Budget and Control Board Department of Administration will monitor the findings and results of pilot programs to determine if legislative recommendations should be provided to the General Assembly."
SECTION 20. The second, third, and fourth paragraphs of Section 8-11-165 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"No employee of agencies reviewed by the Agency Head Salary Commission may receive a salary in excess of ninety-five percent of the midpoint of the agency head salary range or the agency head actual salary, whichever is greater, except on approval of the State Budget and Control Board the Agency Head Salary Commission and the Department of Administration, and except for employees of higher education technical colleges, colleges, and universities.
No president of a technical college may receive a salary in excess of ninety-five percent of the midpoint of the agency head salary range or the agency head actual salary, whichever is greater, except on approval of the Agency Head Salary Commission and the State Budget and Control Board.
The Agency Head Salary Commission may recommend to the State Budget and Control Board that agency head salaries be adjusted to the minimum of their salary ranges and may recommend to the board that agency head salaries be adjusted when necessary up to the midpoints of their respective salary ranges. These increases must be based on criteria developed and approved by the Agency Head Salary Commission."
SECTION 21. Section 8-11-170(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 8-11-170. (A) An agency head may not be dually employed by another state agency or institution of higher education without prior approval by the Agency Head Salary Commission and the State Budget and Control Board."
SECTION 22. Section 8-11-186 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 8-11-186. A state agency shall report to the appropriate Senate Finance and House of Representatives Ways and Means subcommittees an interim new full-time employment position when authorization is requested from the Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office. The report must include, but not be limited to, justification of need for the position and a detailed explanation of the source of funding."
SECTION 23. Section 8-11-193 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 8-11-193. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in a fiscal year in which the general funds appropriated for an institution of higher education are less than the general funds appropriated for that institution in the preceding fiscal year, or whenever the General Assembly or the State Budget and Control Board Director of the Executive Budget Office implements a midyear across-the-board budget reduction, agency heads for institutions of higher education and the State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education through policy and procedure for the Technical College System may institute employee furlough programs of not more than twenty working days in the fiscal year in which the deficit is projected to occur. The furlough must be inclusive of all employees regardless of source of funds, place of work, or tenure status, and must include employees in classified positions and unclassified positions as well as agency heads. Scheduling of furlough days, or portions of days, shall be at the discretion of the agency or individual institution. During the furlough, affected employees shall be entitled to receive the same state benefits as otherwise available to them except for receiving their salaries. For benefits which require employer and employee contributions including, but not limited to, contributions to the South Carolina Retirement System or the optional retirement program, institutions will be responsible for making both employer and employee contributions during the time of the furlough if coverage would otherwise be interrupted. For benefits which require only employee contributions, the employee remains solely responsible for making the contributions. Placement of an employee on furlough pursuant to this section does not constitute a grievance or appeal under the State Employee Grievance Act. In the event an institution's reduction is due solely to the General Assembly transferring or deleting a program, this section does not apply. The implementation of a furlough program authorized by this section shall be on an institution by institution basis."
SECTION 24. Section 8-11-195(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 8-11-195. (A) During a fiscal year when the Board of Economic Advisors officially estimates and the State Budget and Control Board it is formally certifies certified pursuant to Section 11-9-890 that revenues likely will result in a deficit in excess of the combined reserves in the Capital Reserve Fund and the General Fund Reserve, the board department may authorize the furlough of employees of state agencies, institutions, or departments. However, a furlough only may be authorized by unanimous consent of the board and only as a last resort alternative to a reduction in force of state employees. Furloughs may be authorized for the time considered necessary by the board department but may not exceed ten days in a fiscal year nor more than two days in a pay period. No furlough may be authorized before January fifteenth of the fiscal year in which the deficit is projected to occur."
SECTION 25. Section 8-11-195(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(B) If the Budget and Control Board Department of Administration authorizes a furlough, to the extent practical it must be statewide in nature and inclusive of all employees regardless of source of funds, place of work, or tenure. The furlough must include employees in classified positions and unclassified positions as well as agency heads."
SECTION 26. Section 8-11-700(5) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(5) 'Division' means the Office of Human Resource Management Division Resources of the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration."
SECTION 27. Section 8-11-920(2) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(2) 'Board' means the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration."
SECTION 28. The third paragraph of Section 10-1-105 is amended to read:
"Unless otherwise agreed to by the State Budget and Control Board Director of the Department of Administration, any building constructed with the state funds shall include windows which may be conveniently opened."
SECTION 29. Section 10-1-130 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 10-1-130. The trustees or governing bodies of state institutions and agencies may grant easements and rights of way over any property under their control, upon the concurrence and acquiescence of the State Budget and Control Board subject to the provisions contained in Section 1-11-65(A), whenever it appears that such easements will not materially impair the utility of the property or damage it and, when a consideration is paid therefor, any such amounts shall be placed in the State Treasury to the credit of the institution or agency having control of the property involved."
SECTION 30. Section 10-1-135 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 10-1-135. For easements, rights-of-way, or any other encroachment on or over any state park, state forest, state historic area, state wildlife refuge or preserve, Heritage Trust Site, or other state-owned lands of natural significance the responsible management agency shall, in addition to the provisions of Section 10-1-130, make the following determinations prior to requesting approval from the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration, or the State Fiscal Accountability Authority, as appropriate:
(a) There is an important public necessity for the encroachment;
(b) Alternative routes or locations not on state property are neither prudent nor feasible, and the proposed encroachment is not disruptive of the existing or planned uses of the state property;
(c) The entity responsible for the encroachment shall make reasonable mitigation of the impacts of the proposed encroachment, upon the recommendation of the governing body of the responsible management agency."
SECTION 31. Section 10-1-163(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 10-1-163. (B) All costs for the display, cleaning, and restoration of all portraits, flags, banners, monuments, statues, and plaques on the exterior or interior of the State House except those inside the Senate and House Chambers must be paid from the accounts of General Services, Division of the State Budget and Control Board the Division of General Services of the Department of Administration unless otherwise directed by the General Assembly."
SECTION 32. Section 10-1-180 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 10-1-180. The expenditure of funds by any state agency, except the Department of Transportation for permanent improvements as defined in the state budget, is subject to approval and regulation of the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration or the State Fiscal Accountability Authority, as appropriate, pursuant to Section 1-11-185(A) or as otherwise provided by law. The board shall have authority to allot to specific projects from funds made available for such purposes, such amounts as are estimated to cover the respective costs of such projects, to declare the completion of any such projects, and to dispose, according to law, of any unexpended balances of allotments, or appropriations, or funds otherwise provided for such projects, upon the completion thereof. The approval of the Budget and Control Board Department of Administration is not required for minor construction projects, including renovations and alterations, where the cost does not exceed an amount determined by the Joint Bond Review Committee and the Budget and Control Board department.
All construction, improvement, and renovation of state buildings shall comply with the applicable standards and specifications set forth in each of the following codes: The Standard Building Code, The Standard Existing Building Code, The Standard Gas Code, The Standard Mechanical Code, The Standard Plumbing Code and The Standard Fire Prevention Code, all as adopted by the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.; and the National Electrical Code NFPA 70, The National Electrical Safety Code-ANSI-C2, The National Fire Protection Association Standard-NFPA 59, all with the code editions, revision years, and deletions as specified in the Manual For Planning and Execution of State Permanent Improvements. The State Engineer shall determine the enforcement and interpretation of the aforementioned codes and referenced standards on state buildings. Any interested local officials shall coordinate their comments related to state buildings through the State Engineer and shall neither delay construction nor delay or deny water, sewer, power, other utilities, or firefighting services. Agencies may appeal to the Director of Office of General Services State Fiscal Accountability Authority regarding the application of these codes to state buildings."
SECTION 33. The first paragraph of Section 10-7-80 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 10-7-80. The State Superintendent of Education and the county superintendents of education of the several counties of the State shall furnish upon request to the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority and the Department of Administration on request a complete list showing the location of each and every school building in their several counties, the numbers of the school districts in which such buildings are located and the names and addresses of the trustees having the buildings in charge."
SECTION 34. Section 11-9-30 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-9-30. The Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office shall have the authority to transfer appropriate funds from one department to another when personnel are transferred by an act of the legislature from one department to another to perform the same functions."
SECTION 35. Section 11-9-810 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-9-810. The General Assembly finds and declares that the present system of advising the Budget and Control Board and General Assembly on economic trends has, at times, developed in a fragmented manner, and that a unified system of dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of matters relative to the economy is urgently needed for the orderly development of projections and forecasts as relates to revenues and expenditures for a specified period of time. It is the purpose of this provision to establish an organizational and procedural framework governing formulation, evaluation and continuing review of all state revenues and expenditures for all state programs; and to establish general policy governing the administration of the Office of The Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office."
SECTION 36. Section 11-11-15 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-11-15. The functions of the State Budget and Control Board in the preparation and submission Governor shall annually prepare and submit to the General Assembly a of the recommended state budget are devolved upon the Governor. Wherever the phrase 'State Budget and Control Board' appears in the context of preparing and submitting budget recommendations to the General Assembly, it means the Governor. In preparing the recommended state budget, the Governor may consult with the State Treasurer, the Comptroller General, or other state officials as needed. The Executive Budget Office shall assist the Governor in preparing the budget recommendations, but this function of the Executive Budget Office may not be construed as altering the overall management and administration of the Executive Budget Office."
SECTION 37. Section 11-11-170(B)(4) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(B)(4) Two percent of the revenues, or the funds obtained pursuant to Chapter 49, Title 11, must be deposited in a fund separate and distinct from the general fund and all other funds, which is hereby established in the State Treasury styled the Tobacco Settlement Local Government Fund. Earnings on the fund must be credited to the fund. This fund must be used to fund the operation of and grants distributed by the Office Division of Local Government of the Division of Regional Development of the Budget and Control Board of the Rural Infrastructure Authority, or its successor in interest."
SECTION 38. Section 11-11-180(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-11-180. (A) By August thirty-first of each year, the Comptroller General shall report to the State Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office and Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office the amounts of general fund revenues and expenditures recorded for the preceding fiscal year and any resulting surplus or deficit of the general fund from a budgetary-based perspective. If the Comptroller General determines that annual expenditures exceeded revenues, an operating deficit must be declared in the report and the State Budget and Control Board must meet to address the deficit must be addressed in the manner that revenue forecast shortfalls are addressed in Section 11-9-890(B). within sixty days of receiving the report or earlier at any previously scheduled meeting. The operating deficit must be the first item on the agenda of the first State Budget and Control Board meeting held after the Comptroller General reports a deficit pursuant to this section."
SECTION 39. Section 11-11-320(D)(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(D)(1) Any appropriation of monies from the Capital Reserve Fund as provided in subsection (C) of this section must be ranked in priority of expenditure and is effective on September first of the following fiscal year. If it is determined that the fiscal year has ended with an operating deficit, then the monies appropriated from the Capital Reserve Fund must be reduced by the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority based on the rank of priority, beginning with the lowest priority, to the extent necessary and applied by the board to the year-end operating deficit before withdrawing monies from the General Reserve Fund."
SECTION 40. Section 11-11-420(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(B) To insure ensure compliance with subsection (A) of this section, the Executive Budget Office shall annually and prior to December first determine the total number of permanent state positions based on full-time annual equivalency and the total resident population of the State for which data are available."
SECTION 41. Section 11-49-100 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-49-100. All accounts of the authority must be held and maintained separately from all other funds, properties, assets, and accounts of this State and its other agencies. The board shall keep an accurate account of all of its activities and all of its receipts and expenditures and annually, in the month of January, shall make a report of its activities to the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, the report to be in a form prescribed by the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority. Audited financial statements must be submitted to the Comptroller General by October fifteenth following the end of the fiscal year."
SECTION 42. Section 11-53-10 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-53-10. Each state agency may establish a special account for the purpose of funding the agency's nonrecurring implementation expenses of the South Carolina Enterprise Information System (SCEIS). An agency may transfer into this account funds at the discretion of the agency head to be set aside and expended for the identified purpose. The total amount of funds transferred into the account cannot exceed the agency's implementation costs as projected by the SCEIS Project Team. The special account is exempt from the calculation of any mid-year budget reduction ordered by the State Budget and Control Board imposed pursuant to Section 11-9-890(B). Any unexpended balance in the special account may be carried forward to the succeeding fiscal year and expended for the same purposes. The Comptroller General shall monitor these special accounts to ensure compliance with the provisions of this joint resolution. It is the intent of the General Assembly that agencies pursue grants and other nonstate funding sources to fund their portion of the SCEIS implementation."
SECTION 43. Section 12-10-100(C) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(C) By May fifteenth of each year, the council shall prepare a public document that itemizes each revitalization agreement concluded during the previous calendar year. The report must list each revitalization agreement, the results of each cost/benefits analysis, and receipts and expenditures of application fees. This document must be forwarded to the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, Governor, Senate Finance Committee, and House Ways and Means Committee. This document may not contain proprietary or confidential information that is otherwise exempt pursuant to Chapter 4 of Title 30, the Freedom of Information Act, and this section must not be construed to require the release of that exempt information."
SECTION 44. Section 12-62-70(A)(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 12-62-70. (A)(1) Upon a determination by the director of the Office of General Services Division of the State Budget and Control Board Division of General Services of the Department of Administration of the underutilization of state property by a state agency, the department may negotiate below-market rates for temporary use, no more than twelve months, of space for the underutilized property. The negotiations and temporary use are exempt from the provisions of the State Consolidated Procurement Code. The motion picture production company shall reimburse costs at normal and customary rates incurred by the state agency to the state agency, including costs required to repair any damage caused by the motion picture production company to real or personal property of the State."
SECTION 45. Section 13-1-45(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(B) The department shall provide the required staff and may add additional staff or contract for services, if necessary, to administer the fund in accordance with this section. The compensation, costs, and expenses incurred incident to administering the fund may be paid from revenues. If the department requests, the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority may provide legal, technical, planning, and other assistance through intergovernmental agreement. Costs incurred by the board pursuant to such a request must be reimbursed to it by the department from revenues."
SECTION 46. Section 13-1-1000(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(1) 'Board' means the Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority."
SECTION 47. Section 13-1-1010 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 13-1-1010. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Aeronautics Commission is hereby created within the Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority. The Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority shall provide administrative support functions to the division. The commission shall oversee the operation of the division as the division's governing body. The Joint Bond Review Committee must review, prior to approval by the Aeronautics Commission, purchases or sales of any aeronautics assets, the value of which exceeds fifty thousand dollars. There may be no purchase or sale of any aeronautics assets without the approval of the commission."
SECTION 48. Section 23-47-65(A)(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(A)(1) The South Carolina 911 Advisory Committee is created to assist the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office in carrying out its responsibilities in implementing a wireless enhanced 911 system consistent with FCC Docket Number 94-102. The committee must be appointed by the Governor and shall consist of: a director of a division of the State Budget and Control Board, ex officio; Department of Administration; the Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office; two employees of CMRS providers licensed to do business in the State; two 911 system employees; and one employee of a telephone (local exchange access facility) service supplier licensed to do business in the State; and one consumer. Local governments and related organizations such as the National Emergency Number Association may recommend PSAP Committee members, and industry representatives may recommend wireline and CMRS Committee members to the Governor. There is no expense reimbursement or per diem payment from the fund created by the CMRS surcharge made to members of the committee."
SECTION 49. Section 24-1-250(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 24-1-250. (A) The Department of Corrections is hereby authorized to sell mature trees and other timber suitable for commercial purposes from lands owned by the department. Prior to such sales, the director shall consult with the State Forester to determine the economic and environmental feasibility of and obtain approval for such sales. Funds derived from timber sales shall be utilized by the Department of Corrections to maintain and expand the agricultural program subject to the approval of the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration or at the discretion of the director, for projects or services benefiting the general welfare of the inmate population."
SECTION 50. Section 24-1-290(D) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(D) The marketing plan and the procedures for negotiating new contracts and contract renewals must be submitted to and approved by the Budget and Control Board prior to implementation conducted in a manner consistent with the provisions of the State Consolidated Procurement Code. The Department of Corrections shall annually submit an audit report of the program to the Senate Corrections and Penology Committee and the House Medical, Military, Public and Municipal Affairs Committee. The provisions of the section may not be construed to apply to traditional prison industries as authorized in Section 24-3-320."
SECTION 51. Section 24-3-20(C) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(C) Notwithstanding another provision of law, the department shall make available for use in litter control and removal any or all prison inmates not engaged in programs determined by the department to be more beneficial in terms of rehabilitation and cost effectiveness. The department shall not make available for litter control those inmates who, in the judgment of the director, pose a significant threat to the community or who are not physically, mentally, or emotionally able to perform work required in litter control. No inmate may be assigned to a county prison facility except upon written acceptance of the inmate by the chief county administrative officer or his designee, and no prisoner may be assigned to litter control in a county which maintains a facility unless he is assigned to the county prison facility. The department shall include in its annual report to the Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office and the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office an analysis of the job and program assignments of inmates. This plan must include such programs as litter removal, prison industries, work release, education, and counseling. The department shall make every effort to minimize not only inmate idleness but also occupation in marginally productive pursuits. The Budget and Control Board and the Governor's Office Executive Budget Office and the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall comment in writing to the department concerning necessary alterations in this plan."
SECTION 52. Section 31-3-1690 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 31-3-1690. No authority shall be required to offer its securities to the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, the Department of Administration, or any other governmental entity at any time nor shall any authority be required to turn over any surplus of sinking funds to said Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, the Department of Administration, or any other governmental entity."
SECTION 53. Section 38-13-180 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 38-13-180. For purposes of Sections 38-13-190 and 38-13-200, 'insurance reserve fund' or 'funds' means the insurance reserve funds administered by the Division of General Services of the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority to provide liability and property insurance, as authorized under Section 1-11-140, Chapter 7 of Title 10, and the regulations prescribed by the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority."
SECTION 54. Section 38-13-190(2) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(2) The director or his designee shall examine all methods of operation of the insurance reserve funds to determine whether the funds are being administered in accordance with sound insurance practices and in the best interest of the State. Following the examination, the director or his designee shall prepare a report for submission, through the department, to the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority, the Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President of the Senate containing his findings and conclusions and any recommendations to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and overall operation of the funds."
SECTION 55. Section 38-57-45 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 38-57-45. (A) No insurance agency, insurer, or health maintenance organization may make, publish, disseminate, circulate, or place before the public or cause, directly or indirectly, to be made, published, disseminated, circulated, or placed before the public, in a newspaper, magazine, or other solicitation material, an advertisement, representation, or statement with respect to the business of insurance which utilizes the Seal of South Carolina or any symbol which contains, includes, or is derivative of the Seal of South Carolina without the approval of the State Budget and Control Board Department of Insurance.
(B) An insurance agency, an insurer, or a health maintenance organization must include in a prominent manner in solicitation material it utilizes specifically directed at and distributed to state employees a statement that the insurance program or health maintenance program is not officially endorsed by the State unless the program officially has been endorsed by the Budget and Control Board Public Employee Benefit Authority."
SECTION 56. Section 41-31-820 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 41-31-820. (A) Unemployment compensation premiums collected from state agencies will be deposited into a separate account and used to pay unemployment compensation benefits to eligible employees of the State. Premiums will be based on experience ratings provided by private consultants and the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration. The Unemployment Compensation Funds' contribution level must be reviewed no less than biennially to ensure that premiums are commensurate with the cost of operating the Unemployment Compensation Fund. All interest earned on this account must be retained by the Unemployment Compensation Fund and used to offset costs.
(B) Notwithstanding the amounts annually appropriated as "Unemployment Compensation Insurance" to cover unemployment benefit claims paid to employees of the state government who are entitled under federal law, the State Treasurer and the Comptroller General, are hereby authorized and directed to pay from the general fund of the State to the department funds necessary to cover actual benefit claims paid during the current fiscal year which exceed the amounts paid in for this purpose by the various agencies, departments, and institutions subject to unemployment compensation claims. The department must certify quarterly to the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration the state's liability for such benefit claims actually paid to claimants who were employees of the State of South Carolina and entitled under federal law. The amount so certified must be remitted to the department."
SECTION 57. Section 41-33-470 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 41-33-470. The department shall report to the State Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office in the same manner as is required generally for the submission of financial requirements for the ensuing year and the board shall include in its request for general appropriations presented to the General Assembly at its next regular session a statement of the amounts required for any replacement required by Section 41-33-460."
SECTION 58. Section 43-1-70 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 43-1-70. The director may appoint and employ such other officers and employees as are authorized and may be necessary to perform the duties placed upon the department by law, and the director shall fix their compensation unless the General Assembly shall do so, but in no event shall the director expend any sums for purposes unauthorized by law. All such compensation shall be fixed by the state department, which shall submit to the State Budget and Control Board Director of the Department of Administration all proposed salaries not fixed by law, and the State Budget and Control Board Director of the Department of Administration shall pass upon such salaries so that the amounts paid shall be in keeping with the salaries paid to other state employees for similar service and duties. The director may require such officers and employees to furnish bonds in such amounts as it may determine. The selection of such officers and employees shall be made entirely upon the qualification and merit of the individuals so employed."
SECTION 59. Section 43-5-1275 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 43-5-1275. As applicable, all state agencies shall adopt Electronic Data Interchange Standards as set forth by the Budget and Control Board, Office of Research and Statistics Information Resource Planning and Management Division of Technology of the Department of Administration so that exchanges and sharing of information concerning AFDC clients and revenue sources are freely available. However, in the exchange and sharing of information all requirements for confidentiality of information must be maintained. For the next two years these state agencies shall report to the Budget and Control Board, Division of Information Resource Technology before January first on the agency's progress and compliance with this section and its utilization of the system created as a result of this action."
SECTION 60. Section 44-1-40 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 44-1-40. The board shall select a director for the department who shall serve a four-year term and who shall have such authority and perform such duties as may be directed by the board. The salary of the director shall be fixed by the board, upon approval of the State Budget and Control Board Agency Head Salary Commission. For any vacancy occurring in the office of director on or after February 1, 1995, the board, after consultation with and approval by the Governor, must submit the name of its appointee to the Senate for the Senate's advice and consent. On or after February 1, 1995, the The board may remove a director only after consultation with and approval by the Governor."
SECTION 61. Section 48-23-290 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 48-23-290. The State Commission of Forestry may use the income from the Sand Hills State Forest, with the approval of the State Budget and Control Board Executive Budget Office, for the operation, development, and obligations of the forest and other purposes. Income not expended in one year must be retained by the commission and carried forward each year for use pursuant to this section. The commission shall promulgate regulations necessary to carry out this section."
SECTION 62. Section 48-39-130(C) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(C) Ninety days after July 1, 1977 no person shall fill, remove, dredge, drain or erect any structure on or in any way alter any critical area without first obtaining a permit from the department. Provided, however, that a person who has legally commenced a use such as those evidenced by a state permit, as issued by the former Budget and Control Board prior to July 1, 2015, or a project loan approved by the rural electrification administration or a local building permit or has received a United States Corps of Engineers or Coast Guard permit, where applicable, may continue such use without obtaining a permit. Any person may request the department to review any project or activity to determine if he is exempt under this section from the provisions of this chapter. The department shall make such determinations within forty-five days from the receipt of any such request."
SECTION 63. Section 48-39-220(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 48-39-220. (A) Any person claiming an interest in tidelands which, for the purpose of this section, means all lands except beaches in the Coastal zone between the mean high-water mark and the mean low-water mark of navigable waters without regard to the degree of salinity of such waters, may institute an action against the State of South Carolina for the purpose of determining the existence of any right, title or interest of such person in and to such tidelands as against the State. Service of process shall be made upon the secretary of the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration, with notice provided to the Attorney General and the Department of Health and Environmental Control."
SECTION 64. Section 48-43-390(A) or the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 48-43-390. (A) The South Carolina State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, hereinafter referred to as the board, is hereby designated as the State Agency with the authority, responsibility and power to lease, subject to review by the Joint Bond Review Committee as required by law, all State lands to persons for the purpose of drilling for and producing oil and gas. The Department of Health and Environmental Control is hereby designated as the exclusive agent for the board State Fiscal Accountability Authority in selecting lands to be leased, administering the competitive bidding for leases, administering the leases, receiving and compiling comments from other state agencies concerning the desirability of leasing the state lands proposed for leasing and such other activities that pertain to oil and gas leases as may be included herein as responsibilities of the board authority."
SECTION 65. Section 48-52-620(D) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(D) Each public school district and state agency shall submit to the State Energy Office and each state agency shall include in its annual report to the State Budget and Control Board State Energy Office:
(1) activities undertaken implementing its energy conservation plan; and
(2) progress made in achieving its energy conservation goals."
SECTION 66. A. Section 48-52-810(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(1) 'Board' means the State Budget and Control Board 'Office' means the State Energy Office."
B. Section 48-52-820(12) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(12) authorize the board office to pursue ENERGY STAR designation from the United States Environmental Protection Agency to further demonstrate a building project's energy independence."
C. Section 48-52-825(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 48-52-825. (A)(1)(a) The board office shall automatically adopt by reference the most current editions of the rating systems developed by Green Building Initiative and U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design used for certification pursuant to this article. Upon adoption, the most current edition of the rating system shall be used for certification purposes under this article. Provided, however, that the most current edition of the rating system shall be subject to regulations concerning that edition of the rating system when promulgated pursuant to item (2).
(b) In the event that two rating systems from the same organization have been adopted by reference and are effective concurrently for certification purposes, then either rating system may be utilized to certify projects as required pursuant to this article. The latter of the two rating systems to be adopted by reference pursuant to subitem (a) shall be deemed to be the most current edition of the rating system for purposes of review and regulation pursuant to subsection (B).
(2) The board office shall refer new or updated rating systems to the Energy Independence and Sustainable Construction Advisory Committee for consideration pursuant to Section 48-52-865(B) immediately upon the release of the new or updated rating system and prior to the rating system's effective date. After receiving the advisory committee's recommendations, the board office shall promulgate regulations to amend the rating system under consideration to remove specific provisions, provided that the recommended amendments would not so alter the rating system as to render certification under the rating system impossible. If the advisory committee does not make a recommendation within the time period prescribed in Section 48-52-865(B)(2) the board office, upon consultation with the State Engineer, shall proceed with promulgating regulations as provided in this item."
D. Section 48-52-830 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 48-52-830. (A)(1) All major facility projects in this State, as defined in Section 48-52-810(10)(i), must be designed, constructed, and at least certified as receiving two globes using the Green Globes Rating System or receiving the LEED Silver standard. All major facility projects in this State, as defined in Section 48-52-810(10)(a)(ii) or (iii), must be analyzed using a life cycle cost analysis comparing the cost and benefits of designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating the facility at the LEED Silver standard or two globes standard, or better, with certification; normal industry and regulatory standards as applicable; or some standard between the two that causes the project to be designed and constructed in a manner that achieves the lowest thirty-year life cycle cost.
(2) In obtaining certification as receiving two globes using the Green Globes Rating System, a major facility project must earn at least twenty percent of the available points for energy performance under 'C.1.1 Energy Consumption'. In obtaining certification as meeting the LEED Silver standard, a major facility project must earn at least forty percent of the available points for energy performance under 'EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance'. The Office of State Engineer may waive the requirements of this item for a proposed major facility project should it determine that the costs of meeting this item are not economically feasible. The Office of State Engineer shall notify the board office of the reason for the issuance of a waiver.
(B) The board office may petition the General Assembly to require all major facility projects be certified to a high-performance building rating system standard in addition to or instead of the systems provided in this chapter. However, any alternate rating system adopted by the General Assembly must be no less stringent than the systems provided in this chapter.
(C) The board office shall administer and enforce the provisions in this article. Also, the board office may adopt rules and promulgate regulations to comply with the goals set forth in Section 48-52-820."
E. Section 48-52-840(C) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(C) The board office shall develop and implement a process to monitor and evaluate the energy and environmental benefits associated with each major facility project designed, constructed, or renovated pursuant to this article. The monitoring and evaluation of each major facility project shall commence one year after certification of the major facility project and shall continue for nineteen years thereafter. All data concerning energy and environmental benefits collected pursuant to this section must be made available to the board to be compiled and submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to Section 48-52-860."
F. Section 48-52-850(C) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(C) The board office shall develop and implement a process to monitor and evaluate the energy and environmental benefits associated with each major facility project designed, constructed, or renovated pursuant to this article. The monitoring and evaluation of each major facility project shall commence one year after certification of the major facility project and shall continue for nineteen years thereafter. All data concerning energy and environmental benefits collected pursuant to this section must be made available to the board to be compiled and submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to Section 48-52-860."
G. Section 48-52-860 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 48-52-860. The board office annually shall submit a report regarding major facility projects to the General Assembly that includes:
(1) the number and types of buildings designed and constructed;
(2) the level of certification of each building designed, constructed, or renovated;
(3) actual savings in energy costs;
(4) a description of all potential environmental benefits, including, but not limited to, water resources savings and the reduction of waste generation;
(5) the ability of buildings to continue to operate at the standard to which it was originally certified;
(6) the reason for any waiver granted by the State Engineer's Office; and
(7) any conflicts or barriers that hinder the effectiveness of this article."
SECTION 67. Section 49-19-630 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 49-19-630. The chief engineer shall have control of the engineering work in the district and he may, whenever he deems it necessary, confer with the Chief Engineer of this State or the State Budget and Control Board and he may, by and with the consent of the board of supervisors, consult any eminent engineer or engineers and obtain his or their opinion and advice concerning the reclamation of lands in the district."
SECTION 68. Section 49-19-1440(2) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 49-19-1440. (2) Construct and maintain main and lateral ditches, canals, levees, dykes, dams, sluices, revetments, reservoirs, holding basins, floodways, pumping stations and syphons and connect them or any of them with any canals, drains, ditches, levees or other works that may have been constructed by the State Budget and Control Board State of South Carolina and with any natural stream, lake or watercourse in or adjacent to the district;"
SECTION 69. The third paragraph of Section 49-29-100 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Land placed in the Scenic Rivers Program which is owned by the State may be restricted in conformance with this chapter by executed easement or deed restriction executed by the donating agency and approved by the Budget and Control Board Department of Administration upon authorization of the State Fiscal Accountability Authority."
SECTION 70. The fourth paragraph of Section 49-29-100 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 49-29-100. The Budget and Control Board Department of Administration shall submit annually a report of the property included in the Scenic Rivers Program to the Department of Revenue and the auditor of each county in which the property is situated."
SECTION 71. Section 50-5-2720 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 50-5-2720. The State Auditor may from time to time examine the accounts and books of the Compact Commission, including its receipts, disbursements, and such other items referring to its financial standing as the State Auditor may consider proper, and report the results to the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority and the Department of Natural Resources."
SECTION 72. Section 51-1-60 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 51-1-60. The department may contract, be contracted with, use a common seal, and make and adopt regulations. No regulation may be promulgated affecting hunting and fishing except as provided in Section 51-3-145. The department may accept gifts and acquire by gift, purchase, or otherwise real estate and other property, but no real estate may be purchased or disposed of by the department except on approval of the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration or State Fiscal Accountability Authority, as appropriate. The department shall keep accurate records showing in full the receipts and disbursements and the records must be open at any reasonable time to inspection by the public. The department shall submit annually to the General Assembly and the Budget and Control Board Department of Administration, and the State Fiscal Accountability Authority reports the board requires required by the Department of Administration or the State Fiscal Accountability Authority. The department shall have the following duties and responsibilities in addition to such other functions as may, from time to time, be assigned by legislative action or by the State Budget and Control Board:"
SECTION 73. Section 54-3-119 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 54-3-119. (A) Except as provided in subsection (B), the State Ports Authority Board is directed to sell under those terms and conditions it considers most advantageous to the authority and the State of South Carolina all real property it owns on Daniel Island and Thomas (St. Thomas) Island except for the dredge disposal cells that are needed in connection with the construction of the North Charleston terminal on the Charleston Naval Complex and for harbor deepening and for channel and berth maintenance. The sale shall be timed and concluded on a schedule that prudently considers all market conditions affecting the sale but in any event must be under contract for sale by December 31, 2012, and the sale completed by December 31, 2013 2015. The property must be transferred to the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority for sale if the ports authority is unable to complete the sale by December 31, 2013 2015. To assist in the sale of the property, the board shall have the property appraised by at least two independent qualified commercial appraisers not affiliated with the authority. The real property appraisers must be a State Certified General Real Estate Appraiser, a member of the Appraisal Institute (MAI), and must be knowledgeable in appraisal and in appraising marine terminal facilities. The appraisal of the real property should include its future development opportunities and those of the surrounding properties. The sale price must be equal to or greater than at least one of the independent appraisals. The approval of the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority is required to effectuate the sale if completed on or before December 31, 2013 2015.
(B) The board shall give the right of first refusal to those former landowners on Thomas (St. Thomas) Island who sold their land located within the transportation corridor to the authority in anticipation of the authority's exercise of eminent domain. The right of first refusal must provide that the landowner may repurchase his land at the same price for which the authority purchased it from him. Each contract for the sale of a parcel located in the transportation corridor on Thomas Island must contain a covenant creating an easement over the parcel. The easement must permit the authority, and any successor in interest to the authority, reasonable ingress and egress to the real property on Daniel Island owned by the authority as of the effective date of this section. The easement must contain express language that the easement runs with the land.
(C)(1) With regard to the sale of real property pursuant to subsection (A), the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority is vested with all of the board's fiduciary duties to the ports authority and the ports authority's bondholders if the property is transferred to the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority for sale. The acceptance of any sales price by either the board or the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority must be exercised with due regard to the fiduciary duty owed to the ports authority and for the protection of the interests of the ports authority's bondholders as set forth in its bond covenants, and otherwise according to law, including the conversion of a nonperforming asset into revenues in the most expeditious manner.
(2) The State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority may deduct from the proceeds of the sale an amount equal to the actual costs incurred in conjunction with the sale of the property. The balance of the proceeds must be transmitted to the authority."
SECTION 74. Section 55-1-1 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 55-1-1. There is created a Division of Aeronautics within the South Carolina Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority that shall be governed by the Aeronautics Commission as provided in Chapter 1, Title 57."
SECTION 75. Section 55-1-5(10) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(10) 'Division' unless otherwise indicated, means the Division of Aeronautics of the South Carolina Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority."
SECTION 76. Section 55-11-10(5) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(5) designate the Division of Aeronautics of the Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority as its agent, to accept, receive, receipt for and disburse federal or state funds or other funds, public or private, made available for the purposes of this section, as may be required or authorized by law;"
SECTION 77. Section 55-15-10(f) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 55-15-10. (f) The term 'public authority' means the Division of Aeronautics of the Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, a municipality, a county or other political subdivision of this State, separately or jointly, authorized to acquire land, air rights, safety markers, and lights as provided in Chapter 9, Title 55."
SECTION 78. The third paragraph of Section 56-3-840 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 56-3-840. All monies collected pursuant to this section, not to exceed the actual revenues collected in fiscal year 1999-2000, must be annually deposited to a separate account and held in reserve for the Department of Public Safety. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, these monies must be deposited to the credit of the department into a special fund in the office of the State Treasurer designated as the 'Department of Public Safety Building Fund'. The Department of Public Safety must use these monies and other unobligated monies for the purpose of issuing revenue bonds or for entering into a lease purchase agreement for a headquarters facility, including the renovation of existing facilities. The Department of Public Safety is authorized to initiate and direct a capital project to purchase or construct a new headquarters facility. Projects funded under this section other than for the construction or purchase of a new headquarters facility, including but not limited to, the expansion or renovation of an existing facility, must be approved by a joint resolution provided that if the Department of Public Safety employs a lease purchase agreement to build or purchase a new headquarters facility, the lease purchase agreement must be approved by the State Budget and Control Board. The cost of a headquarters facility must not exceed thirty million dollars unless a parking facility or garage is required."
SECTION 79. Section 56-3-4910(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(B) The fees collected pursuant to this section must be deposited in a separate fund for the South Carolina Fire Academy. The fund must be administered by the Budget and Control Board Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation Division of State Fire Marshal and must be used only to train in-state public firefighters, paid and volunteer, to comply with state and federal mandated training standards. Funds collected must be deposited with the State Treasurer. The distribution of the funds is based on fifteen dollars to the department and twenty dollars to the academy for each special license plate sold."
SECTION 80. Section 57-11-235 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 57-11-235. Following the receipt of any request pursuant to Section 57-11-220, the state board State Fiscal Accountability Authority shall review the same and to the extent that it shall approve such request, it shall be empowered, by resolution duly adopted, to effect the issuance of state highway bonds, or pending the issuance thereof, effect the issuance of bond anticipation notes pursuant to Chapter 17 of Title 11."
SECTION 81. Section 58-9-2550(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 58-9-2550. The Office of Regulatory Staff may establish a distribution system for TTY and other related telecommunications devices. In establishing this program, the Office of Regulatory Staff may:
(1) select an administrator through the State Budget and Control Board Department of Administration or the State Fiscal Accountability Authority, as appropriate, procurement process to purchase, store, distribute, and maintain telecommunications devices for persons qualified to receive such equipment. In addition, the administrator must be responsible for providing user training and assistance; and"
SECTION 82. Section 59-10-370 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-10-370. Each phase of implementation of this chapter is contingent upon the appropriation of adequate funding as documented by the fiscal impact statement provided by the Office of State Budget of the State Budget and Control Board, prior to July 1, 2014 and the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office after July 1, 2014. There is no mandatory financial obligation to school districts if state funding is not appropriated for each phase of implementation as provided for in the fiscal impact statement of the Office of the State Budget of the State Budget and Control Board."
SECTION 83. Section 59-19-93 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-19-93. Distributions of funds to a school district pursuant to the South Carolina Education Improvement Act of 1984 must be suspended after June 30, 1985, unless the school district has adopted and filed with the Division of General Services of the State Budget and Control Board Fiscal Accountability Authority a procurement code modeled on the South Carolina Consolidated Procurement Code or the model set forth in the Report of the Local Government Task Force on Procurement. All suspended funds must be released to the district at the time the district files an adopted procurement code and all subsequent distributions must be made as provided by law."
SECTION 84. Section 59-67-710 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-67-710. (1) The Director of the Division of General Services State Fiscal Accountability Authority, with the approval of the State Budget and Control Board, shall provide insurance coverage on all state-owned school buses which are operated under the authority of, and which are being used for the purposes of, Article 3 of this chapter. Such insurance contracts must be provided either through commercial carriers or through the insurance reserve funds of the Division of General Services. The insurance contracts shall provide at least the following benefits:
(a) for the lawful occupant of any such school bus who suffers bodily injuries or death, a death benefit of not less than fifty thousand dollars;
(b) for the lawful occupant of any such school bus who suffers bodily injuries, an amount sufficient to defray the cost of hospitalization, surgery, dentistry, medicine, and all other medical expenses up to three thousand dollars or such amount as promulgated by regulation of the Department of Education;
(c) additional coverage must also be provided for the following named perils:
(i) for the loss of both hands or both feet or sight of both eyes, fifty thousand dollars;
(ii) for loss of one hand and one foot, thirty thousand dollars;
(iii) for loss of either hand or foot and sight of one eye, thirty thousand dollars; and
(iv) for loss of either hand or foot or sight of one eye, thirty thousand dollars."
SECTION 85. Section 59-67-780 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-67-780. The Director of the Sinking Funds and Property Division of the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority may promulgate any rules or regulations or set up any procedure which will, in his judgment, clarify the provisions or facilitate the purposes of this article."
SECTION 86. Section 59-67-790 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-67-790. (A) There is hereby created a fund to be administered by the Director of the Division of General Services State Fiscal Accountability Authority to provide major medical benefits for bodily injuries to school bus passengers when the cost exceeds the benefits provided for in subsection (1)(a) of Section 59-67-710 of the 1976 Code. No claim shall exceed fifty thousand dollars for any one person for any one accident.
(B) The Director of the Division of General Services State Fiscal Accountability Authority shall pay into the Pupil Injury Insurance Fund that portion of the premiums charged to the State Department of Education for providing insurance covering buses he deems necessary to maintain the Pupil Injury Insurance Fund at an actuarially sound level sufficient to pay the benefits authorized by this section.
(C) No payment from the Pupil Injury Insurance Fund shall be permitted when other insurance benefits or workers' compensation is available to pay such cost or where no charge is made for treatment. Whoever shall file a claim for payment from the Pupil Injury Insurance Fund shall at the same time file an affidavit swearing under oath that the requested claim is not covered by other insurance benefits or workers' compensation to be received for that claim; provided, this shall not apply to any injured school bus passenger who receives, for bodily injuries, an amount not exceeding three thousand dollars under Section 59-67-710(1)(b) of the 1976 Code.
(D) Any recovery from the State or governmental entity under Chapter 78 of Title 15 of the 1976 Code shall be reduced by the sum received pursuant to this section. In any recovery from a third party, the State shall have a right of subrogation for recovery of payments pursuant to this section.
(E) The Director of the Division of General Services State Fiscal Accountability Authority, with the approval of the State Budget and Control Board, shall promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section."
SECTION 87. The first paragraph of Section 59-111-30 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-111-30. The South Carolina defense scholarship fund is hereby created for which the sum of one hundred twenty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated from the general fund for the fiscal year 1962-1963. Additional appropriations to the fund may be made in annual general appropriation acts. The State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority shall administer the fund and shall allocate to State-supported institutions of higher learning which have elected to make loans to students under the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 17 of Title 20, United States Code, Annotated, their equitable share of the funds appropriated, so as to enable the institutions to contribute to the fund created as required by Federal law, a sum equal to one ninth of the total Federal capital contributed. The allocations made to institutions of higher learning shall be deemed loans by the State to the institutions and payment on the loans shall be made as directed by the Budget and Control Board. Interest on the loans shall not exceed three per cent per annum."
SECTION 88. Section 59-112-60(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-112-60. (B) Employees of public colleges, universities, and technical colleges may attend classes at an institution of higher learning and receive tuition assistance in accordance with Budget and Control Board guidelines and regulations."
SECTION 89. Section 59-112-70(B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-112-70. (B) State-supported colleges and universities, including the technical colleges, may waive the nonresident portion of tuition and fees for those students who are participating in an international Sister-State agreement program which the Governor and the General Assembly have entered to promote the economic development of South Carolina. The nonresident fee waiver for the students is applicable only for those Sister-State agreements where South Carolina students receive reciprocal consideration. The Commission on Higher Education, through coordination with the State Budget and Control Board State Fiscal Accountability Authority, will annually notify institutions of the Sister-State agreements eligible for the nonresident fee waiver. The credit hours generated by these students must be included in the Mission Resource Requirement for funding."
SECTION 90. Section 59-119-165 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-119-165. The Budget and Control Board Department of Administration, in conjunction with the Department of Education, shall transfer all federal funds associated with Agricultural Education at the Department of Education to Clemson-PSA (Public Service Activities) no later than July fifteenth of each fiscal year. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, funds and positions transferred to Clemson-PSA from the Department of Education for Agricultural Education shall be used for personnel positions and related office and travel expenses to provide overall leadership, coordination, and structure for agricultural education programs, and South Carolina Association of Young Farmers activities in the public schools of this State. Clemson-PSA shall provide a report to the Department of Education on the use and expenditure of the federal funds transferred by the Department of Education to Clemson-PSA no later than December first of each fiscal year."
SECTION 91. Section 59-136-505(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-136-505. (A) No later than June 30, 1995, the The formerly constituted Budget and Control Board shall issue issued state institution bonds pursuant to Title 59, Chapter 107, on behalf of Coastal Carolina University to refund and defease all state institution bonds issued on behalf of the University of South Carolina which are the Series 1991B and Series 1992C State Institution Bonds. That portion of the State Institution Bonds to be refunded which was used to provide facilities at Coastal Carolina University shall be refunded by a series of state institution bonds issued on behalf of Coastal Carolina University and secured by pledge of the tuition fees from Coastal Carolina University. The remaining state institution bonds to be refunded shall be refunded from the proceeds of state institution bonds issued on behalf of the University of South Carolina and secured by pledge of tuition fees collected at the University of South Carolina. To the extent that any further action is required by the Budget and Control Board, that action shall be taken by the State Fiscal Accountability Authority as the successor to the board."
SECTION 92. Article 3, Chapter 136, Title 59 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Section 59-136-395. Any action by the former Budget and Control Board that is required pursuant to this article, shall be taken by the State Fiscal Accountability Authority as the successor to the board."
SECTION 93. Section 59-150-390 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-150-390. The State Department of Education, in consultation with the Budget and Control Board's Office of Information Resources Department of Administration, the State Library, and the Education Television Commission, shall administer primary and secondary technology funding provided for in Section 59-150-350. These funds are intended to provide technology connectivity, hardware, software, and training for the K-12 public schools throughout the State and, to the maximum extent possible, involve public-private sector collaborative efforts. Funds allocated to the local school districts for technology expenditures must be distributed based on the number of students eligible for the free and reduced lunch program in grades 1-3."
SECTION 94. Section 59-7-50 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 59-7-50. The Commission shall have the power to accept contributions from all persons, firms, and corporations who may wish to contribute to the program, provided, that both the acceptance and use of any such contributions shall be subject to express approval by the State Budget and Control Board. The Commission may lease or sell the use of its facilities, equipment, programs, publications, and other related materials on such terms as that the Commission deems advantageous, and funds received therefrom shall be used for Commission purposes."
SECTION 95. Article 11, Chapter 9, Title 11 of the 1976 Code, as added by Act 121 of 2014, is amended to read:
"Article 11
Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office
Section 11-9-1110. (A) There is established the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office to be governed by the three appointed members of the Board of Economic Advisors pursuant to Section 11-9-820. The office is comprised of the Board of Economic Advisors, Office of Research and Statistics, and the Office of State Budget a board comprised of three members as provided in Section 11-9-1120. The functions of the office must be performed, exercised, and discharged under the supervision and direction of the board. The board may organize its staff as it considers appropriate to carry out the various duties, responsibilities, and authorities assigned to it and to its various divisions. The board may delegate to one or more officers, agents, or employees the powers and duties it determines are necessary for the effective and efficient operation of the office.
(B) The Department of Administration shall provide such administrative support to the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office or any of its divisions or components as they may request and require in the performance of their duties including, but not limited to, financial management, human resources management, information technology, procurement services, and logistical support.
Section 11-9-1120. (A) The Board of Economic Advisors division of the office shall maintain the organizational and procedural framework under which it is operating, and exercise its powers, duties, and responsibilities, as of the effective date of this section. The board of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall be comprised of:
(1) one member, appointed by, and serving at the pleasure of the Governor, who shall serve as chairman;
(2) one member appointed by, and serving at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee;
(3) one member appointed by, and serving at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives;
(B) The board shall unanimously select an Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office who shall serve a four-year term. The executive director only may be removed for malfeasance, misfeasance, incompetency, absenteeism, conflicts of interest, misconduct, persistent neglect of duty in office, or incapacity as found by the board. The executive director shall have the authority and perform the duties prescribed by law and as may be directed by the board.
(C) The Chairman of the board shall report directly to the Governor, the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee to establish policy governing economic trend analysis. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall provide for its staffing and administrative support from funds appropriated by the General Assembly.
(D) The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall assist the Governor, Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives in providing an effective system for compiling and maintaining current and reliable economic data. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office may establish an advisory board to assist in carrying out its duties and responsibilities. All state agencies, departments, institutions, and divisions shall provide the information and data the office requires. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office is considered a public body for purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, pursuant to Section 30-4-20(a).
Section 11-9-1130. (A) The Office of Research and Statistics must be comprised of an Economic Research division and an Office of Precinct Demographics division.
(B) The Economic Research division shall maintain the organizational and procedural framework under which it is operating, and exercise its powers, duties, and responsibilities, as of the effective date of this section.
(C) The Office of Precinct Demographics shall: The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall:
(1) review existing precinct boundaries and maps for accuracy and develop and rewrite descriptions of precincts for submission to the legislative process;
(2) consult with members of the General Assembly or their designees on matters related to precinct construction or discrepancies that may exist or occur in precinct boundary development in the counties they represent;
(3) develop a system for originating and maintaining precinct maps and related data for the State;
(4) represent the General Assembly at public meetings, meetings with members of the General Assembly, and meetings with other state, county, or local governmental entities on matters related to precincts;
(5) assist the appropriate county officials in the drawing of maps and writing of descriptions or precincts preliminary to these maps and descriptions being filed in this office for submission to the United States Department of Justice;
(6) coordinate with the Census Bureau in the use of precinct boundaries in constructing census boundaries and the identification of effective uses of precinct and census information for planning purposes; and
(7) serve as a focal point for verifying official precinct information for the counties of South Carolina.
Section 11-9-1140. The Office of State Budget division of the office shall maintain the organizational and procedural framework under which it is operating, and exercise its powers, duties, and responsibilities, as of the effective date of this section. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall assist the General Assembly with the development of the annual general appropriations act."
SECTION 96. Section 11-9-820 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-9-820. (A)(1) There is created the Board of Economic Advisors, a division of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office, as follows:
(a) one member, appointed by, and serving at the pleasure of the Governor, who shall serve as chairman and shall receive annual compensation of ten thousand dollars;
(b) one member appointed by, and serving at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, who shall receive annual compensation of eight thousand dollars;
(c) one member appointed by, and serving at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives, who shall receive annual compensation of eight thousand dollars;
(d) the Director of the Department of Revenue, who shall serve ex officio, with no voting rights.
(2) The board shall unanimously select an Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office who shall serve a four-year term. The executive director only may be removed for malfeasance, misfeasance, incompetency, absenteeism, conflicts of interest, misconduct, persistent neglect of duty in office, or incapacity as found by the board. The executive director shall have the authority and perform the duties prescribed by law and as may be directed by the board. The members of the board identified in items (1)(a), (b), and (c) of this subsection shall be the same individuals appointed pursuant to Section 11-9-1120.
(B) The Chairman of the Board of Economic Advisors shall report directly to the Governor, the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee to establish policy governing economic trend analysis. The Board of Economic Advisors shall provide for its staffing and administrative support from funds appropriated by the General Assembly.
(C) The Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall assist the Governor, Chairman of the Board of Economic Advisors, Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives in providing an effective system for compiling and maintaining current and reliable economic data. The Board of Economic Advisors may establish an advisory board to assist in carrying out its duties and responsibilities. All state agencies, departments, institutions, and divisions shall provide the information and data the advisory board requires. The Board of Economic Advisors is considered a public body for purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, pursuant to Section 30-4-20(a).
(D)(B) The Department of Commerce shall provide to the Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office by November tenth the public document prepared pursuant to Section 12-10-100(C) itemizing each revitalization agreement concluded during the previous calendar year. The Department of Revenue shall provide to the Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office by November tenth a report of the amount of each tax credit claimed in the previous tax year pursuant to Title 12. The report must list individually the amount claimed and the number of filings for each tax credit. The Department of Revenue also must provide to the Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office by November tenth magnetic tapes data files containing data from all state individual and corporate income tax filings from the previous tax year, excluding confidential identifying information."
SECTION 97. Sections 11-9-825 through 11-9-840 of the 1976 Code are amended to read:
"Section 11-9-825. The staff of the Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office must be supplemented by the following officials who each shall designate one professional from their individual staffs to assist the BEA RFA staff on a regular basis: the Governor, the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and the State Department of Revenue director. The BEA RFA staff shall meet monthly with these designees in order to solicit their input on BEA forecasts and monthly revenue analysis.
Section 11-9-830. In order to provide a more effective system of providing advice to the Governor and the General Assembly on economic trends, the Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall:
(1) compile and maintain in a unified, concise, and orderly form information about total revenues and expenditures which involve the funding of state government operations, revenues received by the State which comprise general revenue sources of all receipts to include amounts borrowed, federal grants, earnings, and the various activities accounted for in other funds;
(2) continuously review and evaluate total revenues and expenditures to determine the extent to which they meet fiscal plan forecasts/projections;
(3) evaluate federal revenues in terms of impact on state programs;
(4) compile economic, social, and demographic data for use in the publishing of economic scenarios for incorporation into the development of the state budget;
(5) bring to the attention of the Governor and the General Assembly the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of the economic trends and the impact on statewide policies and priorities;
(6) establish liaison with the Congressional Budget Office and the Office of Management and Budget at the national level.
Section 11-9-840. (A) In the organizational and procedural framework governing the formulation, evaluation, and continuing review of revenues and expenditures, any appropriate governmental entity identifying or requesting a change in the official revenue and expenditure forecast or projection, for a specified period of time, shall first notify the office of the Chairman of the Board of Economic Advisors who must bring it to the attention of the Governor before any independent adjustment in the appropriations or requests of the revenue or expenditures for a particular year. The Ways and Means Committee in the House of Representatives and the Senate Finance Committee must be the first to be notified subsequent to notifying the Governor and must be informed simultaneously.
(B) The Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall meet on a quarterly basis and at the call of the Governor, the General Assembly, the Chairman of the Board, or at the request of any member of the board who believes a meeting is necessary due to existing financial circumstances.
(C) The Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office is the official voice of the State in economic matters and shall speak as one voice through the guidance and direction of the chairman. Individual members shall not speak or report individually on findings and status of economic developments activity."
SECTION 98. Section 11-9-880(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 11-9-880. (A) The Board of Economic Advisors shall make an initial forecast of economic conditions in the State and state revenues for the next fiscal year no later than November tenth fifteenth of each year. Adjustments to the forecast must be considered on December tenth fifteenth and January tenth fifteenth. A final forecast for the next fiscal year must be made on February fifteenth. The February fifteenth forecast may be adjusted monthly if the board determines that changing economic conditions have affected the February fifteenth forecast. Before making or adjusting any forecast, the board must consult with outside economic experts with respect to national and South Carolina economic business conditions. All forecasts and adjusted forecasts must contain:
(1) a brief description of the econometric model and all assumptions and basic decisions underlying the forecasts;
(2) a projection of state revenues on a quarterly basis;
(3) separate discussions of any industry which employs more than twenty percent of the state's total nonagricultural employment and separate projections for these industries."
SECTION 99. Section 11-9-890 of the 1976 Code, as last amended by Act 121 of 2014, is amended to read:
"Section 11-9-890. A. (A) Beginning August 15, 1986, the Board of Economic Advisors shall delineate the official fiscal year 1986-87 revenue estimates by quarters. In all subsequent revenue estimates made under the provisions of Section 11-9-880, the Board of Economic Advisors shall incorporate quarterly revenue estimates within the annual revenue estimate.
B.(B)(1) If at the end of the first, second, or third quarter of any fiscal year the Board of Economic Advisors reduces the revenue forecast for the fiscal year by three percent or less below the amount projected for the fiscal year in the forecast in effect at the time the general appropriations bill for the fiscal year is ratified, within three days of that determination, the Director of the Executive Budget Office must reduce general fund appropriations by the requisite amount in the manner prescribed by law. Upon making the reduction, the Director of the Executive Budget Office immediately must notify the State Treasurer and the Comptroller General of the reduction, and upon notification, the appropriations are considered reduced. No agencies, departments, institutions, activity, program, item, special appropriation, or allocation for which the General Assembly has provided funding in any part of this section may be discontinued, deleted, or deferred by the Director of the Executive Budget Office. A reduction of rate of expenditure by the Director of the Executive Budget Office, under authority of this section, must be applied as uniformly as shall be practicable, except that no reduction must be applied to funds encumbered by a written contract with the agency, department, or institution not connected with state government.
(2) If at the end of the first, second, or third quarter of any fiscal year the Board of Economic Advisors reduces the revenue forecast for the fiscal year by more than three percent below the amount projected for the fiscal year in the forecast in effect at the time the general appropriations bill for the fiscal year is ratified, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives may call each respective house into session to take action to avoid a year-end deficit. If the General Assembly has not taken action within twenty days of the determination of the Board of Economic Advisors, the Director of the Executive Budget Office must reduce general fund appropriations by the requisite amount in the manner prescribed by law and in accordance with item (1)."
SECTION 100. A. Section 2-7-71 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 2-7-71. When a bill relating to state taxes is reported out of a standing committee of the Senate or House of Representatives for consideration, there must be attached and printed as a part of the committee report a statement of the estimated revenue impact of the bill on the finances of the State certified by the Board of Economic Advisors Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs office, or his designee. As used in this section 'statement of estimated revenue impact' means the consensus of the persons executing the required statement as to the increase or decrease in the net tax revenue to the State if the bill concerned is enacted by the General Assembly. In preparing a statement, the Board of Economic Advisors Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office may request technical advice of the Department of Revenue."
B. Section 2-7-73(A) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 2-7-73. (A) Any bill or resolution which would mandate a health coverage or offering of a health coverage by an insurance carrier, health care service contractor, or health maintenance organization as a component of individual or group policies, must have attached to it a statement of the financial impact of the coverage, according to the guidelines enumerated in subsection (B). This financial impact analysis must be conducted by the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office Department of Insurance and signed by an authorized agent of the Department of Insurance, or his designee. The statement required by this section must be delivered to the Senate or House committee to which any bill or resolution is referred, within thirty days of the written request of the chairman of such committee."
C. Section 2-7-78 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 2-7-78. This section applies to the annual appropriation recommendation of the Governor and to the report of the conference committee on the annual general appropriations bill. A provision offered for inclusion in the annual general appropriations bill by amendment or otherwise, by the Governor, or which increases or decreases the most recent official projection of general fund revenues of the Board of Economic Advisors must not be included in the bill or recommendation unless the revenue impact is certified by the board Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office, or his designee. Changes to the official general fund revenue estimate as a result of the provision may not exceed the amounts certified by the board. The requirements of this section are in addition to the other provisions of law regarding fiscal impact statements."
SECTION 101. Section 4-10-790 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 4-10-790. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office Department of Revenue shall furnish data to the State Treasurer and to the applicable political subdivisions receiving revenues for the purpose of calculating distributions and estimating revenues. The information that must be supplied to political subdivisions upon request includes, but is not limited to, gross receipts, net taxable sales, and tax liability by taxpayers. Information about a specific taxpayer is considered confidential and is governed by the provisions of Section 12-54-240. A person violating this section is subject to the penalties provided in Section 12-54-240. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall provide technical assistance to the applicable political subdivisions receiving revenues for the purpose of calculating distributions and estimating revenues."
SECTION 102. Section 6-1-50 of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 6-1-50. Counties and municipalities receiving revenues from state aid, currently known as Aid to Subdivisions, shall submit annually to the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office a financial report detailing their sources of revenue, expenditures by category, indebtedness, and other information as the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office requires. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office shall determine the content and format of the annual financial report. The financial report for the most recently completed fiscal year must be submitted to the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office by January March fifteenth of each year. If an entity fails to file the financial report by January fifteenth, then the chief administrative officer of the entity shall be notified in writing that the entity has thirty days to comply with the requirements of this section. The Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office may, for good cause, grant a local entity an extension of time to file the annual financial report. Notification by the Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office to the Comptroller General State Treasurer that an entity has failed to file the annual financial report thirty days after written notification to the chief administrative officer of the entity must result in the withholding of ten percent of subsequent payments of state aid to the entity until the report is filed. The Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office is responsible for collecting, maintaining, and compiling the financial data provided by counties and municipalities in the annual financial report required by this section."
SECTION 103. Section 23-47-65(A)(1) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 23-47-65. (A)(1). The South Carolina 911 Advisory Committee is created to assist the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office in carrying out its responsibilities in implementing a wireless enhanced 911 system consistent with FCC Docket Number 94-102. The committee must be appointed by the Governor and shall consist of: a director of a division of the State Budget and Control Board, ex officio an individual with technical or operational knowledge of E-911 systems who is appointed by the Executive Director of the Fiscal Affairs Office; the Executive Director of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office or his designee; two employees of CMRS providers licensed to do business in the State; two 911 system employees; and one employee of a telephone (local exchange access facility) service supplier licensed to do business in the State; and one consumer. Local governments and related organizations such as the National Emergency Number Association may recommend PSAP Committee members, and industry representatives may recommend wireline and CMRS Committee members to the Governor. There is no expense reimbursement or per diem payment from the fund created by the CMRS surcharge made to members of the committee."
SECTION 104. A. Section 44-6-170(A) and (B) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"Section 44-6-170. (A) As used in this section:
(1) 'Office' means the Office of Research and Statistics of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office.
(2) 'Council' means the Data Oversight Council.
(3) 'Committee' means the Joint Legislative Health Care Planning and Oversight Committee.
(B) There is established the Data Oversight Council comprised of:
(2) the chief executive officer or designee of the South Carolina Hospital Association;
(3) one physician;
(4) the chief executive officer or designee of the South Carolina Medical Association;
(5) one representative of major third party health care payers;
(6) one representative of the managed health care industry;
(8) three representatives of nonhealth care-related businesses;
(9) one representative of a nonhealth care-related business of less than one hundred employees;
(10) the executive vice president or designee of the South Carolina Chamber of Commerce;
(11) a member of the Governor's office staff;
(12) a representative from the Human Services Coordinating Council;
(13)(12) the director or his designee of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control;
(14)(13) the executive director or his designee of the State Department of Health and Human Services;
(15) the chairman or his designee of the State Health Planning Committee created pursuant to Section 44-7-180.
The members enumerated in items (1) through (10) must be appointed by the Governor for three-year terms and until their successors are appointed and qualify; the remaining members serve ex officio. The Governor shall appoint one of the members to serve as chairman. The office shall provide staff assistance to the council."
B. Section 44-6-170(H) of the 1976 Code is amended to read:
"(H) If a provider fails to submit the health care data as required by this section or Section 44-6-175 or regulations promulgated pursuant to those sections, the Office of Research and Statistics office may assess a civil fine of up to five thousand dollars for each violation, but the total fine may not exceed ten thousand dollars."
SECTION 105. The Code Commissioner is directed to change or correct all similar references in the 1976 Code to the "Office of Research and Statistics of the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office" to "the Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office".
SECTION 106. Sections 1-11-22, 48-22-20, and 59-150-355 1-11-22, 1-11-23, 1-11-360, 1-11-400, 1-25-70, the second paragraph of Section 2-7-65, 9-4-10(H), 9-16-315(G), 10-1-163(A), 10-1-179(A), 10-1-206, 44-20-30(19), 48-23-270, 48-23-280, 51-1-70, 51-13-860, 59-7-50, 59-59-250, 59-111-30, 59-130-35, 59-136-500, 59-136-505(C) 1-11-360, and 2-7-62 of the 1976 Code are repealed.
SECTION 107. Act 121 of 2014, R. 124, S. 22, the South Carolina Restructuring Act of 2014, abolished the South Carolina Budget and Control Board and devolved its powers, duties, responsibilities, and authority upon the newly created Department of Administration, State Fiscal Accountability Authority, Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office, and other previously existing departments and agencies of the State. Act 121 required the South Carolina Code Commissioner to make a report to the General Assembly recommending amendments to sections of the 1976 Code not addressed in the act that must nonetheless be amended to comply with the provisions contained within the Act. It is the intent of the General Assembly to act upon the Code Commissioner's report to make technical and conforming changes to the 1976 Code to reflect the devolution of the Budget and Control Board as contained in Act 121.
SECTION 108. The General Assembly finds that the sections presented in this act constitute one subject as required by Article III, Section 17 of the South Carolina Constitution, in particular finding that each change and each topic relates directly to or in conjunction with other sections to the subject of government restructuring as clearly enumerated in the title.
The General Assembly further finds that a common purpose or relationship exists among the sections, representing a potential plurality but not disunity of topics, notwithstanding that reasonable minds might differ in identifying more than one topic contained in the act.
SECTION 109. The repeal or amendment by this act of any law, whether temporary or permanent or civil or criminal, does not affect pending actions, rights, duties, or liabilities founded thereon, or alter, discharge, release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under the repealed or amended law, unless the repealed or amended provision shall so expressly provide. After the effective date of this act, all laws repealed or amended by this act must be taken and treated as remaining in full force and effect for the purpose of sustaining any pending or vested right, civil action, special proceeding, criminal prosecution, or appeal existing as of the effective date of this act, and for the enforcement of rights, duties, penalties, forfeitures, and liabilities as they stood under the repealed or amended laws.
SECTION 110. If any section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this act is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such holding shall not affect the constitutionality or validity of the remaining portions of this act, the General Assembly hereby declaring that it would have passed this act, and each and every section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, and word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more other sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words hereof may be declared to be unconstitutional, invalid, or otherwise ineffective.
SECTION 111. This act takes effect July 1, 2015. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
The question then was the second reading of the Bill.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
Matthews McElveen Nicholson
Peeler Pinckney Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
S. 673 (Word version) -- Senator Sheheen: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 4-9-82(A) OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO TRANSFER BY HOSPITAL PUBLIC SERVICE DISTRICT OF ASSETS, TO PROVIDE THAT THE TERM "TRANSFER" DOES NOT INCLUDE ENTRY INTO A LEASE OR A MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT BY A HOSPITAL PUBLIC SERVICE DISTRICT.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Bill.
Senator SHEHEEN proposed the following amendment (JUD0673.002), which was adopted:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, by striking the bill in its entirety and inserting therein the following:
/ A BILL
TO AMEND SECTION 4-9-82 OF THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO A TRANSFER OF ASSETS BY A HOSPITAL PUBLIC SERVICE DISTRICT, SO AS TO SPECIFY THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THE SECTION DO NOT APPLY TO ANY TRANSACTION THAT INCLUDES THE HOSPITAL PUBLIC SERVICE DISTRICT'S ENTRY INTO A LEASE OF ANY OR ALL OF ITS REAL PROPERTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DELIVERY OF HOSPITAL SERVICES REGARDLESS OF THE LENGTH OF THE TERM OF THE REAL PROPERTY LEASE OR WHETHER OR NOT THE TRANSACTION ALSO INCLUDES THE SALE OR LEASE OF OTHER ASSETS OF THE DISTRICT.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:
SECTION 1. Section 4-9-82 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding an appropriately numbered subsection at the end to read:
"( ) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the provisions of this section do not apply to any transaction that includes the hospital public service district's entry into a lease of any or all of its real property associated with the delivery of hospital services regardless of:
(a) the length of the term of the real property lease, or
(b) whether or not the transaction also includes the sale or lease of other assets of the district."
SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 0
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Cromer Davis Fair
Gregory Grooms Hayes
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
McElveen Nicholson O'Dell
Peeler Pinckney Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Total--0
There being no further amendments, the Bill was read the second time, passed and ordered to a third reading.
CARRIED OVER
S. 588 (Word version) -- Senators Young, Setzler and Massey: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 7-7-40, AS AMENDED, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF VOTING PRECINCTS IN AIKEN COUNTY, SO AS TO ADD FIVE PRECINCTS, AND TO REDESIGNATE THE MAP NUMBER ON WHICH THE NAMES OF THESE PRECINCTS MAY BE FOUND AND MAINTAINED BY THE REVENUE AND FISCAL AFFAIRS OFFICE.
On motion of Senator YOUNG, the Bill was carried over.
S. 629 (Word version) -- Senator Hayes: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 59-1-425, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE MANDATE THAT SCHOOL DAYS MISSED DUE TO WEATHER CONDITIONS OR OTHER DISRUPTIONS BE MADE UP, SO AS TO PROVIDE A LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD MAY WAIVE UP TO THREE SUCH MISSED DAYS, TO PROVIDE THIS WAIVER ONLY MAY BE GRANTED BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD, TO PROVIDE THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION MAY WAIVE THREE OR FEWER SUCH MISSED DAYS IN ADDITION TO THOSE WAIVED BY THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD, AND TO PROVIDE THESE WAIVERS ONLY MAY BE GRANTED BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD AND ONLY MAY BE GRANTED AT THE REQUEST OF THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD.
On motion of Senator HAYES, the Bill was carried over.
AMENDED, CARRIED OVER
S. 40 (Word version) -- Senators Bryant, Grooms, Davis, Campsen, Cleary, Alexander, Kimpson and Young: A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO JOIN THE SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA JOINT WATER CAUCUS TO ENCOURAGE STATE AGENCIES, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, TO IMPLEMENT A WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN TO ENSURE CONTINUOUS OPTIMIZATION OF WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY MANAGEMENT OF THE WATER RESOURCES SHARED BY SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA THROUGHOUT THE SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN.
The Senate proceeded to a consideration of the Concurrent Resolution.
Senator BRYANT proposed the following amendment (40R001.KM.KLB), which was adopted:
Amend the concurrent resolution, as and if amended, page 2, by striking line 6 and inserting:
/ Whereas, residents of the states of South Carolina and Georgia enjoy the bountiful natural resources located within the Savannah River Basin and regularly traverse the boundary between the states; and
Whereas, law abiding residents of South Carolina and Georgia who have concealed weapons permits in their state of residence should be able to move freely between the two states without having to sacrifice personal safety and liberty; and
Whereas, the members of the Joint Water Caucus have discussed the need to provide reciprocity between South Carolina and Georgia in regards to concealed weapons permits; Now, therefore, /
Amend the concurrent resolution further, as and if amended, page 2, by striking line 22 and inserting:
/ throughout the Savannah River Basin.
Be it further resolved by the Senate, the House of Representatives concurring:
That the members of the South Carolina General Assembly, by this resolution, request that the State Law Enforcement Division work closely with the appropriate officials in Georgia to remove impediments to allowing reciprocity between the two states in regards to concealed weapons permits.
Be it further resolved by the Senate, the House of Representatives concurring:
That the members of the General Assembly pledge to support the State Law Enforcement Division in its efforts to achieve reciprocity with Georgia and pledge to address any statutory barriers to reciprocity. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Senator BRYANT explained the amendment.
On motion of Senator GROOMS, the Concurrent Resolution was carried over.
OBJECTION
S. 277 (Word version) -- Senators Alexander, Rankin and Hutto: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, SO AS TO ENACT THE "STATE TELECOM EQUITY IN FUNDING ACT" BY ADDING SECTION 58-9-2515 SO AS TO CLARIFY THE JURISDICTION OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OVER CERTAIN PROVIDERS REGARDING TELEPHONE SERVICE FOR HEARING AND SPEECH IMPAIRED PEOPLE; BY ADDING SECTION 58-9-2535 SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE MANNER OF ASSESSING AND COLLECTING DUAL PARTY RELAY CHARGES BY LOCAL EXCHANGE PROVIDERS, COMMERCIAL MOBILE RADIO SERVICE PROVIDERS, AND VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL SERVICE PROVIDERS, AMONG OTHER THINGS; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-10, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF TELEPHONE SERVICE, SO AS TO REVISE THE DEFINITIONS OF "BASIC LOCAL EXCHANGE TELEPHONE SERVICE" AND "CARRIER OF LAST RESORT"; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-280, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND FOR CARRIERS OF LAST RESORT, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE TRANSITION OF THE INTERIM LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER FUND INTO THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND, TO LIMIT THE SIZE OF THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND, AND TO REQUIRE VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL PROVIDERS, COMMERCIAL MOBILE RADIO SERVICE PROVIDERS, AND PREPAID WIRELESS SERVICE PROVIDERS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-576, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO CERTAIN STAND-ALONE BASIC RESIDENTIAL LINE RATES, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE TERMINATION OF THE RATES FIVE YEARS AFTER THEY BECOME EFFECTIVE; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-2510, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING THE TELEPHONE SERVICE FOR HEARING AND SPEECH IMPAIRED PEOPLE, SO AS TO REVISE THESE DEFINITIONS AND PROVIDE ADDITIONAL NECESSARY DEFINITIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-2530, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE OPERATING FUND FOR A SYSTEM OF DUAL PARTY RELAY DEVICES AND RELATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES, SO AS TO IMPOSE CERTAIN UNIFORM-RELATED SURCHARGES ON LOCAL EXCHANGE PROVIDERS; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 58-9-2540 RELATING TO AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE CONCERNING STATEWIDE TELECOMMUNICATIONS RELAY ACCESS SERVICE.
Senator MALLOY spoke on the Bill.
Senator RANKIN spoke on the Bill.
Senator SHANE MARTIN objected to further consideration of the Bill.
OBJECTION
S. 84 (Word version) -- Senator Massey: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 56-5-2910 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO RECKLESS VEHICULAR HOMICIDE, TO PROVIDE THAT A PERSON WHO IS CONVICTED OF, PLEADS GUILTY TO, OR PLEADS NOLO CONTENDERE TO RECKLESS VEHICULAR HOMICIDE IS GUILTY OF A FELONY, AND MUST BE FINED NOT LESS THAN FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS NOR MORE THAN FIFTEEN THOUSAND DOLLARS OR IMPRISONED NOT MORE THAN FIFTEEN YEARS, OR BOTH, AND AFTER ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE OF REVOCATION OF THE PERSON'S DRIVER'S LICENSE, THE PERSON MAY PETITION THE CIRCUIT COURT IN THE COUNTY OF THE PERSON'S CONVICTION FOR REINSTATEMENT OF THE PERSON'S DRIVER'S LICENSE; TO AMEND ARTICLE 23, CHAPTER 5, TITLE 56 RELATING TO RECKLESS HOMICIDE, RECKLESS DRIVING, AND DRIVING WHILE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF INTOXICATING LIQUOR, DRUGS, OR NARCOTICS, BY ADDING SECTION 56-5-2925 TO DEFINE "GREAT BODILY INJURY" AS BODILY INJURY WHICH CREATES A SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF DEATH OR WHICH CAUSES SERIOUS, PERMANENT DISFIGUREMENT, OR PROTRACTED LOSS OR IMPAIRMENT OF THE FUNCTION OF ANY BODILY MEMBER OR ORGAN, TO PROVIDE FOR THE OFFENSE OF FELONY RECKLESS DRIVING, TO PROVIDE FOR THE PENALTIES OF FELONY RECKLESS DRIVING, TO PROVIDE FOR THE PROCEDURE FOR REINSTATEMENT OF THE DRIVER'S LICENSE OF A PERSON CONVICTED OF FELONY RECKLESS DRIVING, AND TO PROVIDE THAT IF THE PERSON'S PRIVILEGE TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE IS REINSTATED, A SUBSEQUENT VIOLATION OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS FOR ANY MOVING VIOLATION REQUIRES THE AUTOMATIC CANCELLATION OF THE PERSON'S DRIVER'S LICENSE AND IMPOSITION OF THE FULL PERIOD OF REVOCATION FOR THE FELONY RECKLESS DRIVING VIOLATION.
Minority Report Removed
On motion of Senator SCOTT, with unanimous consent, the minority report on the Bill was removed.
Senator MASSEY explained the Bill.
Senator JACKSON objected to further consideration of the Bill.
CARRIED OVER
S. 675 (Word version) -- Finance Committee: A BILL TO AMEND SECTION 9-1-1310 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO TRUSTEES OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM, TO PROVIDE THAT THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION IS A COTRUSTEE INSTEAD OF THE STATE BUDGET AND CONTROL BOARD, AND TO REQUIRE THE PUBLIC EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AUTHORITY TO HOLD THE ASSETS OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM IN A GROUP TRUST; TO AMEND SECTION 9-1-1320, RELATING TO THE CUSTODIAN OF RETIREMENT FUNDS, TO PROVIDE THAT THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE PUBLIC EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AUTHORITY SHALL BE THE CUSTODIAN, AND TO AUTHORIZE THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION TO SELECT THE CUSTODIAL BANK; TO REPEAL SECTIONS 9-8-170(1), 9-9-160(1), 9-10-80(A), AND 9-11-250(1), ALL RELATING TO THE CUSTODIAN OF RETIREMENT FUNDS; TO AMEND SECTION 9-4-10, RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PUBLIC EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AUTHORITY, TO CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TO PROVIDE THAT DIRECTORS SERVE FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS AND MAY NOT SERVE MORE THAN TWO CONSECUTIVE TERMS, AND TO PROVIDE FOR AN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; TO AMEND SECTION 9-4-40, RELATING TO THE AUDIT OF THE PUBLIC EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AUTHORITY, TO REQUIRE THE AUDIT BE PERFORMED EVERY FOUR YEARS; TO REPEAL SECTION 9-1-310 RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEMS; TO REPEAL SECTION 9-4-45 RELATING TO THE PUBLIC EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AUTHORITY'S POLICY DETERMINATIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-10, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS PERTAINING TO RETIREMENT SYSTEM FUNDS, TO DEFINE "FIDUCIARY" AND "TRUSTEE"; BY ADDING SECTION 9-16-25 TO PROVIDE FOR SIGNATORIES AUTHORIZED TO SIGN VOUCHERS TO EFFECT THE PAYMENT FROM THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM'S FUNDS OR TRANSFERS BETWEEN RETIREMENT SYSTEM ACCOUNTS NECESSARY FOR THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION TO CARRY OUT ITS EXCLUSIVE AUTHORITY TO INVEST; TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-315, RELATING TO THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION, TO CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION, TO PROVIDE THAT COMMISSION MEMBERS SERVE FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS AND MAY NOT SERVE MORE THAN TWO CONSECUTIVE TERMS, TO PROVIDE FOR QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBERS, TO PROVIDE FOR AN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, AND TO PROVIDE FOR HIRING LEGAL COUNSEL; TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-320(A), RELATING TO THE ANNUAL INVESTMENT PLAN OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION, TO PROVIDE THAT THE CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER SHALL DEVELOP THE PLAN SUBJECT TO THE OVERSIGHT OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-330(A), RELATING TO INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, TO INCORPORATE THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-335, RELATING TO THE ASSUMED RATE OF RETURN, TO PROVIDE THAT THE ASSUMED RATE OF RETURN EXPIRES EVERY FOUR YEARS SUBJECT TO ACTION BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY; TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-340, RELATING TO THE INVESTMENT OF RETIREMENT FUNDS, TO INCORPORATE THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; AND TO AMEND SECTION 9-16-380, RELATING TO THE AUDIT OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT COMMISSION, TO REQUIRE THE AUDIT BE PERFORMED EVERY FOUR YEARS.
Objection
Senator MASSEY asked unanimous consent to waive the provisions of Rule 26B on third reading.
Senator SCOTT objected.
On motion of Senator SCOTT, the Bill was carried over.
POINT OF ORDER
S. 47 (Word version) -- Senators Malloy, Kimpson, Johnson, Pinckney, Thurmond, Setzler, Grooms, Lourie, McElveen, Allen, Shealy, Coleman, Campsen and Scott: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 23-1-240, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT ALL STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS MUST BE EQUIPPED WITH BODY-WORN CAMERAS.
Senator HUTTO explained the Bill.
Point of Order
Senator MASSEY raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
S. 55 (Word version) -- Senator Campsen: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 6-1-180 SO AS TO REQUIRE EACH POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE WHOSE GOVERNING BOARD, COMMISSION, OR COUNCIL IS POPULARLY ELECTED FROM SINGLE-MEMBER ELECTION DISTRICTS, RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS, OR A COMBINATION OF AT-LARGE AND SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICTS TO BE REAPPORTIONED TO A POPULATION VARIANCE OF LESS THAN TEN PERCENT WITHIN THREE YEARS OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE LATEST OFFICIAL UNITED STATES DECENNIAL CENSUS IS ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, TO PROVIDE PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUITY OF REPRESENTATION WHEN REAPPORTIONMENT LOCATES TWO OR MORE ELECTED MEMBERS IN THE SAME ELECTION DISTRICT, AND TO CLARIFY CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA REVENUE AND FISCAL AFFAIRS OFFICE REGARDING REAPPORTIONMENT.
Point of Order
Senator PINCKNEY raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
POINT OF ORDER
S. 215 (Word version) -- Senator Campsen: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS, BY AMENDING SECTIONS 7-13-35 AND 7-13-190, TO PROVIDE THAT AN ELECTION SHALL BE POSTPONED IF THE GOVERNOR DECLARES A STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR AN ENTIRE JURISDICTION HOLDING AN ELECTION, THAT THE POSTPONED ELECTION SHALL BE HELD ON THE FIRST TUESDAY FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL ELECTION DATE, AND THAT THIS PROVISION DOES NOT APPLY TO STATEWIDE PRIMARIES OR GENERAL ELECTIONS UNLESS THE DECLARATION COVERS THE ENTIRE STATE; TO AMEND SECTION 7-13-350 TO CHANGE THE DATE THAT CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT MUST BE CERTIFIED TO THE FIRST TUESDAY FOLLOWING THE FIRST MONDAY IN SEPTEMBER; TO AMEND SECTION 5-15-100 RELATING TO MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS, TO PROVIDE THAT MANAGERS OF AN ELECTION SHALL CERTIFY THE RESULTS WITHIN TWO DAYS OF THE ELECTION; TO AMEND SECTIONS 7-17-10 AND 7-17-20, TO PROVIDE THAT THE COMMISSIONERS OF ELECTION FOR STATEWIDE OFFICERS, SOLICITORS, MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, AND COUNTY OFFICERS MUST MEET ON THE MONDAY FOLLOWING AN ELECTION TO ORGANIZE AS THE COUNTY BOARD OF CANVASSERS AND TO REQUIRE THAT THEY SUBMIT THEIR RESULTS TO THE STATE BOARD OF CANVASSERS BY NOON ON THE TUESDAY FOLLOWING THE ELECTION; TO AMEND ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 17, TITLE 7 BY ADDING SECTION 7-17-25 TO PROVIDE THAT POST ELECTION AUDITS ARE TO BE COMPLETED BY COUNTY BOARDS OF REGISTRATION AND ELECTION PRIOR TO CERTIFICATION AND TO REQUIRE THAT ENABLING REGULATIONS ARE TO PROVIDE THAT THE AUDIT DATA AND RESULTS ARE TO BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC; TO AMEND SECTION 7-11-15 RELATING TO THE FILING OF THE STATEMENT OF INTENTION OF CANDIDACY AND PARTY PLEDGE, TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF SIGNED COPIES THAT MUST BE FILED WITH THE ELECTION COMMISSION FROM THREE TO ONE; AND TO AMEND SECTION 7-11-80 TO PROVIDE FOR AN ALTERNATE PAPER SIZE FOR NOMINATING PETITIONS FOR CANDIDACY OR POLITICAL PARTY CERTIFICATION.
Senator CAMPSEN explained the Bill.
Point of Order
Senator SETZLER raised a Point of Order under Rule 39 that the Bill had not been on the desks of the members at least one day prior to second reading.
The PRESIDENT sustained the Point of Order.
THE CALL OF THE UNCONTESTED CALENDAR HAVING BEEN COMPLETED, THE SENATE PROCEEDED TO THE MOTION PERIOD.
H. 3114 (Word version) -- Reps. Nanney, Hicks, Allison, Atwater, Ballentine, Bannister, Bingham, Brannon, Burns, Chumley, Clary, Corley, H.A. Crawford, Crosby, Daning, Delleney, Erickson, Forrester, Gagnon, Goldfinch, Hamilton, Henderson, Herbkersman, Hiott, Huggins, Kennedy, Limehouse, Loftis, Long, McCoy, Merrill, D.C. Moss, Newton, Pitts, Pope, Quinn, Ryhal, Sandifer, G.M. Smith, G.R. Smith, Stringer, Tallon, Taylor, Thayer, Yow, Wells, Willis, Hixon, Putnam, Rivers, V.S. Moss, Whitmire, Bedingfield, Hill, Duckworth and Clemmons: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING ARTICLE 5 TO CHAPTER 41, TITLE 44 SO AS TO ENACT THE "SOUTH CAROLINA PAIN-CAPABLE UNBORN CHILD PROTECTION ACT", TO PROVIDE FINDINGS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, TO DEFINE NECESSARY TERMS, TO REQUIRE A PHYSICIAN TO CALCULATE THE PROBABLE POST-FERTILIZATION AGE OF AN UNBORN CHILD BEFORE PERFORMING OR INDUCING AN ABORTION, TO PROVIDE THAT AN ABORTION MAY NOT BE PERFORMED IF THE PROBABLE POST-FERTILIZATION AGE OF THE UNBORN CHILD IS TWENTY OR MORE WEEKS, TO PROVIDE FOR EXCEPTIONS, TO REQUIRE CERTAIN REPORTING BY PHYSICIANS WHO PERFORM ABORTIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, TO REQUIRE THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL TO PREPARE PUBLIC REPORTS THAT PROVIDE DATA ON ABORTIONS PERFORMED IN THE STATE AND TO PROMULGATE REGULATIONS, TO PROVIDE FOR A CIVIL RIGHT OF ACTION FOR CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS AGAINST A PHYSICIAN PERFORMING AN ABORTION IN VIOLATION OF THE ACT AND FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF, TO CREATE CRIMINAL PENALTIES, AND TO PROVIDE THE ACT DOES NOT IMPLICITLY OR OTHERWISE REPEAL ANOTHER PROVISION OF LAW.
At 1:25 P.M., on behalf of the Rules Committee, Senator CROMER, as Chairman of the Committee on Rules, moved to make the Bill a Special Order pursuant to Rule 33B.
The motion to make the Bill a Special Order was polled out of the Committee on Rules as follows:
Poll of the Rules Committee
Polled 17; Ayes 10; Nays 5; Not Voting 2
AYES
Cromer Martin, Larry Reese
Massey Martin, Shane Gregory
Campsen Corbin Thurmond
Turner
Total--10
NAYS
Nicholson Scott Allen
Lourie Coleman
Total--5
NOT VOTING
Malloy Leatherman
Total--2
The question then was the motion to make the Bill a Special Order.
Senator HUTTO argued contra to the motion to make the Bill a Special Order.
The Bill was made a Special Order.
MOTION TO SET BILL FOR
S. 277 (Word version) -- Senators Alexander, Rankin and Hutto: A BILL TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, SO AS TO ENACT THE "STATE TELECOM EQUITY IN FUNDING ACT" BY ADDING SECTION 58-9-2515 SO AS TO CLARIFY THE JURISDICTION OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OVER CERTAIN PROVIDERS REGARDING TELEPHONE SERVICE FOR HEARING AND SPEECH IMPAIRED PEOPLE; BY ADDING SECTION 58-9-2535 SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE MANNER OF ASSESSING AND COLLECTING DUAL PARTY RELAY CHARGES BY LOCAL EXCHANGE PROVIDERS, COMMERCIAL MOBILE RADIO SERVICE PROVIDERS, AND VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL SERVICE PROVIDERS, AMONG OTHER THINGS; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-10, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF TELEPHONE SERVICE, SO AS TO REVISE THE DEFINITIONS OF "BASIC LOCAL EXCHANGE TELEPHONE SERVICE" AND "CARRIER OF LAST RESORT"; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-280, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND FOR CARRIERS OF LAST RESORT, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE TRANSITION OF THE INTERIM LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER FUND INTO THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND, TO LIMIT THE SIZE OF THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND, AND TO REQUIRE VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL PROVIDERS, COMMERCIAL MOBILE RADIO SERVICE PROVIDERS, AND PREPAID WIRELESS SERVICE PROVIDERS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-576, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO CERTAIN STAND-ALONE BASIC RESIDENTIAL LINE RATES, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR THE TERMINATION OF THE RATES FIVE YEARS AFTER THEY BECOME EFFECTIVE; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-2510, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO DEFINITIONS CONCERNING THE TELEPHONE SERVICE FOR HEARING AND SPEECH IMPAIRED PEOPLE, SO AS TO REVISE THESE DEFINITIONS AND PROVIDE ADDITIONAL NECESSARY DEFINITIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 58-9-2530, AS AMENDED, RELATING TO THE OPERATING FUND FOR A SYSTEM OF DUAL PARTY RELAY DEVICES AND RELATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES, SO AS TO IMPOSE CERTAIN UNIFORM-RELATED SURCHARGES ON LOCAL EXCHANGE PROVIDERS; AND TO REPEAL SECTION 58-9-2540 RELATING TO AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE CONCERNING STATEWIDE TELECOMMUNICATIONS RELAY ACCESS SERVICE.
Senator LEATHERMAN moved to set the Bill for Adjourned Debate.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 9; Nays 31
AYES
Allen Hutto Johnson
Matthews Nicholson Rankin
Reese Sabb Scott
Total--9
NAYS
Alexander Bennett Bright
Bryant Campsen Cleary
Courson Cromer Davis
Fair Gregory Grooms
Hayes Hembree Jackson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
McElveen O'Dell Peeler
Pinckney Shealy Thurmond
Turner Verdin Williams
Young
Total--31
Having failed to receive the necessary vote, the motion to set S. 277 for Adjourned Debate failed.
At 1:35 P.M., Senator GROOMS moved to dispense with the balance of the Motion Period.
Senator SETZLER moved to table the motion to dispense with the balance of the Motion Period.
Senator PEELER moved that the Senate stand adjourned.
The "ayes" and "nays" were demanded and taken, resulting as follows:
Ayes 41; Nays 2
AYES
Alexander Allen Bennett
Bright Bryant Campsen
Cleary Corbin Courson
Davis Fair Gregory
Grooms Hayes Hembree
Hutto Jackson Johnson
Kimpson Leatherman Malloy
Martin, Larry Martin, Shane Massey
Matthews McElveen Nicholson
O'Dell Peeler Pinckney
Rankin Reese Scott
Setzler Shealy Sheheen
Thurmond Turner Verdin
Williams Young
Total--41
NAYS
Cromer Sabb
Total--2
The Senate agreed to stand adjourned.
LOCAL APPOINTMENTS
Confirmations
Having received a favorable report from the Senate, the following appointments were confirmed in open session:
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Albert J. Dooley, 408 Koewee Drive, Lexington, SC 29072
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Matthew A. Johnson, 3144 Sierra Drive, West Columbia, SC 29170
Reappointment, Spartanburg County Master-in-Equity, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2021
Gordon G. Cooper, 409 Old Iron Works Road, Spartanburg, SC 29302
Recorded Vote
Senator BRIGHT desired to be recorded as voting to abstain on the confirmation of Gordon G. Cooper.
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Gary S. Morgan, Post Office Box 3406, Leesville, SC 29070
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Gary W. Reinhart, 253 John Lindler Road, Chapin, SC 29036
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Arthur L. Myers, Post Office Box 61, Swansea, SC 29160
Reappointment, Lexington County Magistrate, with the term to commence April 30, 2015, and to expire April 30, 2019
Rebecca L. Adams, 56 Palmetto Wood Parkway, Irmo, SC 29063
| 2018-11-20T22:22:28 |
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http://dergipark.gov.tr/hujms/issue/38121/440353
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Yıl 2018, Cilt 47, Sayı 3, Sayfalar 601 - 613 2018-06-01
| | | |
## Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments
#### Fatma Karakoç [1]
##### 35 47
A class of first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments is studied. Using a connection between impulsive delay differential equations and non-impulsive delay differential equations sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the solutions are obtained.
Oscillation, Delay, Piecewise constant argument, Impulse
• Busenberg, S. and Cooke, K.L. Models of vertically transmitted diseases with sequential- continuous dynamics, In: Nonlinear Phenomena in Mathematical Sciences, V. Lakshmikantham (Ed.), Academic Press, 179-187, 1982.
• Dai, L. and Singh, M.C. On oscillatory motion of spring mass systems subject to piesewise constant forces, J. Sound Vib. 173, 217-233, 1994.
• Dai, L. and Singh, M.C. An analytical and numerical method for solving linear and nonlinear vibration problems, Int. J. Solids Struct. 34, 2709-2731, 1997.
• Cooke, K.L. and Wiener, J. Retarded dierential equations with piecewise constant delays, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 99, 265-297, 1984.
• Aftabizadeh, A.R. and Wiener, J. Oscillatory properties of fi rst order linear functional differential equations, Applicable Anal. 20, 165-187, 1985.
• Aftabizadeh, A.R., Wiener, J. and Ming Xu, J. Oscillatory and periodic solutions of delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument, Proc. of American Math. Soc. 99, 673-679, 1987.
• Shen, J.H. and Stavroulakis, I.P. Oscillatory and nonoscillatory delay equations with piece- wise constant argument, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 248, 385-401, 2000.
• Wiener, J. Generalized Solutions of Functional Differential Equations, World Scienti c, Singapore, 1994.
• Karakoç, F., Bereketoglu H. and Seyhan, G. Oscillatory and periodic solutions of impulsive differential equations with piecewise constant argument, Acta Appl. Math. 110, 499-510, 2010.
• Bereketoglu, H., Seyhan G. and Ogun, A. Advanced impulsive differential equations with piecewise constant arguments, Math. Model. Anal. 15, 175-187, 2010.
• Karakoç, F., Ogun Unal, A. and Bereketoglu, H. Oscillation of nonlinear impulsive differential equations with piecewise constant arguments, E. J. Qualitative Theory of Di. Equ. No. 49, 1-12, 2013.
• Gyori, I. and Ladas, G. Oscillation Theory of Delay Differential Equations, Oxford University Press, 1991.
• Akhmet, M. Nonlinear Hybrid Continuous/Discrete-Time Models, Atlantis Press, Springer, 2011.
• Gopalsamy, K., Gyori I. and Ladas, G. Oscillations of a class of delay equations with continuous and piecewise constant arguments, Funkcialaj Ekvacioj, 32, 395-406, 1989.
• Agarwal, R.P., Karakoç, F. and Zafer, A. A survey on oscillation of impulsive ordinary differential equations, Advances in Difference Equations, Volume 2010, Article ID 354841, 52 pages, doi:10.1155/2010/354841.
• Yan J. and Kou, C. Oscillation of solutions of impulsive delay differential equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 254, 358-370, 2001.
• Agarwal, R.P. and Karakoç, F. A survey on oscillation of impulsive delay differential equa- tions, Comput. Math. Appl. 60, 1648-1685, 2010.
• Chiu, K.S. and Pinto, M. Periodic solutions of differential equations with a general piecewise constant argument and applications, E. J. Qualitative Theory of Di. Equ., No. 46, 1-19, 2010.
• Chiu, K.S. and Jeng, J.C. Stability of oscillatory solutions of differential equations with general piecewise constant arguments of mixed type, Mathematische Nachrichten 288(10), 1085-1097, 2015.
Birincil Dil en Matematik Matematik Yazar: Fatma Karakoç (Sorumlu Yazar)
Bibtex @araştırma makalesi { hujms440353, journal = {Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics}, issn = {2651-477X}, eissn = {2651-477X}, address = {Hacettepe Üniversitesi}, year = {2018}, volume = {47}, pages = {601 - 613}, doi = {}, title = {Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments}, key = {cite}, author = {Karakoç, Fatma} } APA Karakoç, F . (2018). Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 47 (3), 601-613. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/hujms/issue/38121/440353 MLA Karakoç, F . "Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments". Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 47 (2018): 601-613 Chicago Karakoç, F . "Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments". Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 47 (2018): 601-613 RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments AU - Fatma Karakoç Y1 - 2018 PY - 2018 N1 - DO - T2 - Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 601 EP - 613 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 2651-477X-2651-477X M3 - UR - Y2 - 2017 ER - EndNote %0 Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments %A Fatma Karakoç %T Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments %D 2018 %J Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics %P 2651-477X-2651-477X %V 47 %N 3 %R %U ISNAD Karakoç, Fatma . "Oscillation of a first order linear impulsive delay differential equation with continuous and piecewise constant arguments". Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 47 / 3 (Haziran 2018): 601-613.
| 2018-12-14T19:06:31 |
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https://indico.fnal.gov/event/19348/contributions/186452/
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Indico search will be reestablished in the next version upgrade of the software: https://getindico.io/roadmap/
# Neutrino 2020
June 22, 2020 to July 2, 2020
US/Central timezone
## Status and Results from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Experiment
Not scheduled
10m
Poster
### Speakers
José Mariano López-Castaño (University of South Dakota) Nicholas Ruof (University of Washington) Alexandru Hostiuc (University of Washington)
### Description
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment is searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) in Ge-76 with an array of p-type, point-contact (PPC) Ge detectors. A total of 44 kg (30 kg enriched in Ge-76) of Ge detectors are split between two modules and operating in a low background passive and active shield since 2015 at SURF. An unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM and a low background rate at 2039 keV allows sensitivity to a competitive 0$\nu\beta\beta$ half-life from a modest exposure. Due to its low energy threshold and low background rate, the DEMONSTRATOR has also been used to search for other physics beyond the Standard Model, including bosonic dark matter and tri-nucleon decay. PPC technology allows for excellent energy resolution and the identification of specific background event populations. We present the latest analysis improvements, recent hardware upgrade, and the overall performance and results from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR.
### Mini-abstract
Analysis improvements strengthen the performance of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Experiment
Experiment/Collaboration MAJORANA Collaboration
### Primary authors
José Mariano López-Castaño (University of South Dakota) Nicholas Ruof (University of Washington) Alexandru Hostiuc (University of Washington)
### Presentation Materials
MajoranaOverview_Neutrino2020.mp4 MajoranaOverview_Neutrino2020.pdf
| 2021-12-05T11:02:30 |
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https://mooseframework.inl.gov/modules/functional_expansion_tools/index.html
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# Functional Expansion Tools
A MOOSE module for continuous, mesh-agnostic, high-fidelity, reduced-data MultiApp coupling
## Description
Functional expansions (FXs) are a methodology that represent information as moments of a functional series (Flusser et al., 2016). This is is related to a Fourier series representation of cyclic data. Moments are generated via numerical integration for each term in the functional series to represent the field of interest. These moments can then be used to reconstruct the field in a separate app (Wendt et al., 2018; Wendt and Kerby, 2017; Kerby et al., 2017).
Currently there are two main flavors of FX coupling available: interface and volumetric.
note:Nomenclature
In other contexts FXs have been identified using the initialism 'FE'. However, since MOOSE is a finite-element (FE) code, the initialism 'FX' is used throughout this module to prevent confusion.
warning:Displaced meshes
This module should only be used with non-displaced meshes.
### Interface Coupling
Interface-based coupling provides for the coupling between physically distinct solutions that share a common interface. FXs can be used to extract value and/or flux conditions at a boundary in one app, then be transferred as boundary conditions to the coupled app. These coupled boundaries represent the common interface between the two solutions.
### Volumetric Coupling
Volumetric-based coupling provides for coupling between solutions that share the same space with coupled yet separate physics. The field in one app can be collapsed into an FX, then the moment values are transferred to the other app to be used in its solution.
## Using this module
Set either FUNCTIONAL_EXPANSION_TOOLS := yes (or ALL_MODULES := yes) in the application makefile. The following objects will then be available for use:
### AuxKernels
NameDescription
FunctionSeriesToAuxExpands an FX into the named AuxVariable before the initial nonlinear solve.
### BCs
NameDescription
FXFluxBCProvides a strongly encouraged FX-based Neumann boundary condition.
FXValueBCProvides a fixed FX-based Dirichlet boundary condition.
FXValuePenaltyBCProvides a strongly encouraged FX-based Dirichlet boundary condition.
### Functions
NameDescription
FunctionSeriesThe workhorse of the FX tools module. This evaluates the terms of a function series, used both for capturing moments and expanding an FX. All other FX-based objects will depend on a FunctionSeries instance.
### Kernels
Although there are no kernels directly provided by this module (yet), these three from the framework itself have varying degrees of usefulness:
NameDescription
BodyForceMay be used to couple a FunctionSeries object directly to a solution, instead of using FunctionSeriesToAux and CoupledForce. If the BodyForce approach is used it is highly recommended to set enable_cache = true for the associated FunctionSeries object.
CoupledForceCouples an AuxVariable or Variable to the solution of another Variable. Useful in conjunction with FunctionSeriesToAux.
NullKernelMay be required for use in situation where no Variables or Kernels are needed. This may occur, for example, in an app that uses only the recommended FunctionSeriesToAux+CoupledForce approach.
### Transfers
NameDescription
MultiAppFXTransferThis transfers the FX coefficients, or moments, between named FX objects in the multi and sub apps. Supported objects that contain coefficients for transferring are instances of FunctionSeries and any FX...UserObject.
### UserObjects
NameDescription
FXBoundaryFluxUserObjectCaptures the moments of an FX representing the flux at a boundary.
FXBoundaryValueUserObjectCaptures the moments of an FX representing the value at a boundary.
FXVolumeUserObjectCaptures the moments of an FX representing the field value over a volume.
## Examples
Please refer to the examples included with the module for how these objects can be used.
## Supported Functional Series
This module currently supports FXs based on the 1D Legendre and 2D Zernike polynomial series. From these can be constructed 1D, 2D, or 3D Cartesian basis sets (Legendre only), or 3D cylindrical (Legendre + Zernike) basis sets. Nonseparable series, i.e. with fully-convolved cross terms, are used in this implementation. Examples for selecting FXs are shown in FunctionSeries.
Additional functional series, polynomial or otherwise, can be added by inheriting from the SingleSeriesBasisInterface class (found in the utils/ folder). The composite series (currently the Cartesian and CylindricalDuo classes) will then need updated to support the newly-available series.
Additional composite series, such as may be suitable for spherical or shell data, can be implemented by inheriting from the CompositeSeriesBasisInterface. The FunctionSeries class will need updated to support the newly-available series.
## Caveats
1. FXs are not recommended for spanning spaces with discontinuities (Ellis, 2017). - One example would be a space containing two distinct materials with significantly different properties - Instead, using multiple FXs, each over its own region of continuity, is the recommended approach
2. Increasing the order of an FX does not always result in an improved representation. Numerical integration of the FX moment can yield large errors if not enough quadrature points are included (Griesheimer, 2005).
## References
1. Matthew Shawn Ellis. Methods for Including Multiphysics Feedback in Monte Carlo Reactor Physics Calculations. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017.[BibTeX]
2. Jan Flusser, Tomáš Suk, and Barbara Zitová. 2D & 3D image analysis by moments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. ISBN 1119039355.[BibTeX]
3. David Patrick Griesheimer. Functional Expansion Tallies for Monte Carlo Simulations. PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 2005.[BibTeX]
4. Leslie Kerby, Aaron G Tumulak, Jaakko Leppänen, and Ville Valtavirta. Preliminary Serpent—MOOSE Coupling and Implementation of Functional Expansion Tallies in Serpent. In International Conference on Mathematics & Computational Methods Applied to Nuclear Science and Engineering (M&C 2017). 2017.[BibTeX]
5. Brycen Wendt and Leslie Kerby. Multiapp transfers in the moose framework based on functional expansions. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 117(1):735–738, October 2017.[BibTeX]
6. Brycen Wendt, April Novak, Leslie Kerby, and Paul Romano. Integration of functional expansion methodologies as a moose module. In PHYSOR 2018: Reactor Physics paving the way towards more efficient systems. April 2018.[BibTeX]
## TODO
• Investigate the implementation of using NearestPointBase approach to easily equip multiple FXs
• Implement a Materials-derived FX-based class that can provide continuous material properties
• Implement a Kernel-derived class, a la BodyForce, that automatically sets enable_cache = true for the associated FunctionSeries object
• Add an error check in MultiAppFXTransfer for multiple objects of the same name but different type, i.e. if there are both a Function and UserObject with the same name (or other object types as they are added)
• Implement support in MutableCoefficientsInterface for multiple sets of FX coefficients
• Implement support for various types of FX derivations - Separable series - Various orthonormalizations
• Add more functional series - Fourier - Annular Zernike (0 < r <= 1) - Shell (r = 1) for 3D cylindrical boundary conditions (Zernike-based?) - Spherical harmonics + spherical composite series
• Add check to ensure we are working in an undisplaced mesh context
## Objects, Actions, and Syntax
AuxKernels
• Functional Expansion Tools App
• FunctionSeriesToAuxAuxKernel to convert a functional expansion (Functions object, type = FunctionSeries) to an AuxVariable
BCs
• Functional Expansion Tools App
• FXFluxBCSets a flux boundary condition, evaluated using a FunctionSeries instance. This does not fix the flux, but rather 'strongly encourages' flux agreement by penalizing the differences through contributions to the residual.
• FXValueBCImposes a fixed value boundary condition, evaluated using a FunctionSeries instance.
• FXValuePenaltyBCSets a value boundary condition, evaluated using a FunctionSeries instance. This does not fix the value, but rather 'strongly encourages' value agreement by penalizing the differences through contributions to the residual.
Functions
• Functional Expansion Tools App
• FunctionSeriesThis function uses a convolution of functional series (functional expansion or FX) to create a 1D, 2D, or 3D function
Transfers
• Functional Expansion Tools App
• MultiAppFXTransferTransfers coefficient arrays between objects that are derived from MutableCoefficientsInterface; currently includes the following types: FunctionSeries, FXBoundaryUserObject, and FXVolumeUserObject
UserObjects
• Functional Expansion Tools App
• FXBoundaryFluxUserObjectGenerates an Functional Expansion representation for a boundary flux condition using a 'FunctionSeries'-type Function
• FXBoundaryValueUserObjectGenerates an Functional Expansion representation for a boundary value condition using a 'FunctionSeries'-type Function
• FXVolumeUserObjectGenerates an Functional Expansion representation of a variable value over a volume using a 'FunctionSeries'-type Function
| 2019-04-20T18:18:41 |
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https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/version/cr/M-9,%20r.%2017?code=se:21&history=20220809
|
### M-9, r. 17 - Code of ethics of physicians
21. A physician who communicates information protected by professional secrecy in order to prevent an act of violence, including a suicide, must, for each communication, indicate in the patient’s record the following items:
(1) the date and time of the communication;
(2) the identity of the person exposed to danger or of the group of persons exposed to danger;
(3) the identity of the person to whom the communication was made, specifying, according to the case, whether it was the person or persons exposed to danger, their representative or the persons likely to come to their assistance;
(4) the act of violence he aimed to prevent;
(5) the danger he had identified;
(6) the imminence of the danger he had identified;
(7) the information communicated.
O.C. 1213-2002, s. 21; O.C. 1113-2014, s. 3.
21. A physician who communicates information protected by professional secrecy must, for each communication, indicate in the patient’s record the following items:
(1) the date and time of the communication;
(2) the identity of the person exposed to danger or of the group of persons exposed to danger;
(3) the identity of the person to whom the communication was made, specifying, according to the case, whether it was the person or persons exposed to danger, their representative or the persons likely to come to their assistance;
(4) the act of violence he aimed to prevent;
(5) the danger he had identified;
(6) the imminence of the danger he had identified;
(7) the information communicated.
O.C. 1213-2002, s. 21.
| 2022-09-28T13:11:49 |
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https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Avernaeve.hans
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# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Vernaeve, Hans
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: vernaeve.hans Published as: Vernaeve, H.; Vernaeve, Hans External Links: MGP · Wikidata
Documents Indexed: 26 Publications since 2001
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
12 single-authored 5 Vindas, Jasson 3 Dévoué, Victor 3 Marti, Jean-André 2 Allaud, Emmanuel 2 Debrouwere, Andreas 2 Delcroix, Antoine 1 Garetto, Claudia 1 Giordano, Paolo Robuffo 1 Hanel, Clemens 1 Impens, Chris 1 Khelif, A. L. 1 Kunzinger, Michael 1 Mayerhofer, Eberhard 1 Oberguggenberger, Michael B. 1 Pilipović, Stevan 1 Scarpalezos, Dimitris 1 Todorov, Todor Dimitrov 1 Weiermann, Andreas
all top 5
#### Serials
7 Monatshefte für Mathematik 5 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2 Communications in Algebra 1 Journal of Number Theory 1 Mathematische Nachrichten 1 Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. Series II 1 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 1 Constructive Approximation 1 Novi Sad Journal of Mathematics 1 Portugaliae Mathematica. Nova Série 1 Logic and Analysis 1 Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 1 Kyoto Journal of Mathematics
all top 5
#### Fields
23 Functional analysis (46-XX) 7 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 2 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 1 Combinatorics (05-XX) 1 Number theory (11-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 1 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 1 General topology (54-XX) 1 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH
19 Publications have been cited 91 times in 57 Documents Cited by Year
Internal sets and internal functions in Colombeau theory. Zbl 1173.46024
Oberguggenberger, M.; Vernaeve, H.
2008
Ideals in the ring of Colombeau generalized numbers. Zbl 1198.13022
Vernaeve, Hans
2010
Hilbert $$\widetilde{\mathbb{C}}$$-modules: structural properties and applications to variational problems. Zbl 1250.46030
Garetto, Claudia; Vernaeve, Hans
2011
Full algebra of generalized functions and non-standard asymptotic analysis. Zbl 1194.46064
Todorov, Todor D.; Vernaeve, Hans
2008
Nonstandard principles for generalized functions. Zbl 1236.46041
Vernaeve, H.
2011
Pointwise characterizations in generalized function algebras. Zbl 1187.46032
Vernaeve, Hans
2009
Optimal embeddings of ultradistributions into differential algebras. Zbl 1403.46033
Debrouwere, Andreas; Vernaeve, Hans; Vindas, Jasson
2018
Strongly internal sets and generalized smooth functions. Zbl 1328.46037
Giordano, Paolo; Kunzinger, Michael; Vernaeve, Hans
2015
Isomorphisms of algebras of generalized functions. Zbl 1226.46040
Vernaeve, Hans
2011
Group invariant Colombeau generalized functions. Zbl 1140.46020
Vernaeve, Hans
2008
Homogeneity in generalized function algebras. Zbl 1140.46019
Hanel, Clemens; Mayerhofer, Eberhard; Pilipović, Stevan; Vernaeve, Hans
2008
Characterization of distributions having a value at a point in the sense of Robinson. Zbl 1276.46032
Vernaeve, H.; Vindas, J.
2012
Optimal embeddings of distributions into algebras. Zbl 1058.46022
Vernaeve, H.
2003
Embedding distributions in algebras of generalized functions with singularities. Zbl 1112.46035
Vernaeve, H.
2003
Microlocal analysis in generalized function algebras based on generalized points and generalized directions. Zbl 1357.35014
Vernaeve, Hans
2016
Asymptotic ideals (ideals in the ring of Colombeau generalized constants with continuous parametrization). Zbl 1311.54011
Khelif, A.; Scarpalezos, D.; Vernaeve, H.
2014
Asymptotic distribution of integers with certain prime factorizations. Zbl 1284.05033
Vernaeve, Hans; Vindas, Jasson; Weiermann, Andreas
2014
Weak homogeneity in generalized function algebras. Zbl 1298.46040
Vernaeve, Hans
2010
Asymptotics of differentiated Bernstein polynomials. Zbl 1015.41004
Impens, C.; Vernaeve, H.
2001
Optimal embeddings of ultradistributions into differential algebras. Zbl 1403.46033
Debrouwere, Andreas; Vernaeve, Hans; Vindas, Jasson
2018
Microlocal analysis in generalized function algebras based on generalized points and generalized directions. Zbl 1357.35014
Vernaeve, Hans
2016
Strongly internal sets and generalized smooth functions. Zbl 1328.46037
Giordano, Paolo; Kunzinger, Michael; Vernaeve, Hans
2015
Asymptotic ideals (ideals in the ring of Colombeau generalized constants with continuous parametrization). Zbl 1311.54011
Khelif, A.; Scarpalezos, D.; Vernaeve, H.
2014
Asymptotic distribution of integers with certain prime factorizations. Zbl 1284.05033
Vernaeve, Hans; Vindas, Jasson; Weiermann, Andreas
2014
Characterization of distributions having a value at a point in the sense of Robinson. Zbl 1276.46032
Vernaeve, H.; Vindas, J.
2012
Hilbert $$\widetilde{\mathbb{C}}$$-modules: structural properties and applications to variational problems. Zbl 1250.46030
Garetto, Claudia; Vernaeve, Hans
2011
Nonstandard principles for generalized functions. Zbl 1236.46041
Vernaeve, H.
2011
Isomorphisms of algebras of generalized functions. Zbl 1226.46040
Vernaeve, Hans
2011
Ideals in the ring of Colombeau generalized numbers. Zbl 1198.13022
Vernaeve, Hans
2010
Weak homogeneity in generalized function algebras. Zbl 1298.46040
Vernaeve, Hans
2010
Pointwise characterizations in generalized function algebras. Zbl 1187.46032
Vernaeve, Hans
2009
Internal sets and internal functions in Colombeau theory. Zbl 1173.46024
Oberguggenberger, M.; Vernaeve, H.
2008
Full algebra of generalized functions and non-standard asymptotic analysis. Zbl 1194.46064
Todorov, Todor D.; Vernaeve, Hans
2008
Group invariant Colombeau generalized functions. Zbl 1140.46020
Vernaeve, Hans
2008
Homogeneity in generalized function algebras. Zbl 1140.46019
Hanel, Clemens; Mayerhofer, Eberhard; Pilipović, Stevan; Vernaeve, Hans
2008
Optimal embeddings of distributions into algebras. Zbl 1058.46022
Vernaeve, H.
2003
Embedding distributions in algebras of generalized functions with singularities. Zbl 1112.46035
Vernaeve, H.
2003
Asymptotics of differentiated Bernstein polynomials. Zbl 1015.41004
Impens, C.; Vernaeve, H.
2001
all top 5
#### Cited by 50 Authors
14 Vernaeve, Hans 10 Giordano, Paolo Robuffo 9 Kunzinger, Michael 8 Vindas, Jasson 5 Aragona, Jorge 4 Debrouwere, Andreas 4 Juriaans, Stanley Orlando 4 Scarpalezos, Dimitris 3 Baglini, Lorenzo Luperi 3 Garcia, Antônio Ronaldo Gomes 3 Hormann, Gunther 3 Nigsch, Eduard Albert 3 Oberguggenberger, Michael B. 3 Pilipović, Stevan 2 Burtscher, Annegret Y. 2 Khalfallah, Adel 2 Konjik, Sanja 2 Todorov, Todor Dimitrov 2 van der Walt, Jan Harm 1 Agbebaku, Dennis Ferdinand 1 Allaud, Emmanuel 1 Baty, Roy S. 1 Bottazzi, Emanuele 1 Colombeau, Jean-François 1 Cortes, Wagner 1 da Silva, Severino Horácio 1 Dave, Shantanu 1 Debruyne, Gregory 1 Deguchi, Hideo 1 Delcroix, Antoine 1 Dévoué, Victor 1 Echi, Othman 1 Eskandari, Rasoul 1 Fernandez, Roseli 1 Frank, Michael 1 Garetto, Claudia 1 Gavrea, Ioan 1 Hanel, Clemens 1 Impens, Chris 1 Khelif, A. L. 1 Khelif, Anatole 1 Kim, Namhoon 1 Lecke, Alexander 1 Manuĭlov, Vladimir Markovich 1 Marti, Jean-André 1 Mayerhofer, Eberhard 1 Moslehian, Mohammad Sal 1 Neyt, Lenny 1 Tucker, Don H. 1 Vučković, Đorđe
all top 5
#### Cited in 23 Serials
13 Monatshefte für Mathematik 7 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 4 Mathematische Nachrichten 4 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 3 Communications in Algebra 2 Advances in Mathematics 2 Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. Series II 2 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 1 Applicable Analysis 1 Astrophysics and Space Science 1 Israel Journal of Mathematics 1 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta 1 Journal of Algebra 1 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 1 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1 Quaestiones Mathematicae 1 Tokyo Journal of Mathematics 1 Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 1 Abstract and Applied Analysis 1 Positivity 1 Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 1 Kyoto Journal of Mathematics 1 Advances in Nonlinear Analysis
all top 5
#### Cited in 23 Fields
50 Functional analysis (46-XX) 9 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 8 Real functions (26-XX) 5 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 5 General topology (54-XX) 3 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 3 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 3 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 3 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 2 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 2 Differential geometry (53-XX) 1 Number theory (11-XX) 1 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 1 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 1 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 1 Sequences, series, summability (40-XX) 1 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 1 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 1 Operator theory (47-XX) 1 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 1 Astronomy and astrophysics (85-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata.
| 2021-01-26T09:56:56 |
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|
https://www.anl.gov/es/article/argonne-transportation-researchers-receive-doe-vehicle-technologies-office-awards
|
# .argonne-logo-style0{fill:#231F20;} .argonne-logo-style1{fill:#FFFFFF;} .argonne-logo-style2{fill:#007836;} .argonne-logo-style3{fill:#0082CA;} .argonne-logo-style4{fill:#0B1F8F;} .argonne-logo-style5{fill:none;} .argonne-logo-style6{fill:#A12B2F;} .argonne-logo-style7{fill:#CD202C;} .argonne-logo-style8{fill:#77B300;} Argonne National Laboratory
Article | Energy Systems Division
# Argonne transportation researchers receive DOE Vehicle Technologies Office Awards
The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, recently presented two Argonne researchers with a Distinguished Achievement awards for their contributions to the Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Laboratory Consortium.
Principal Research Engineer Eric Rask was recognized for his contributions DOE specifically commended Rask for his leadership of the Connected & Automated Vehicles Pillar, helping with the overall technical direction and providing assistance in resolving specific technical issues within individual projects to increase the overall technical integrity of the entire consortium effort.
Aymeric Rousseau, Section Manager, Vehicle and Mobility Systems, was recognized for his contributions to the SMART Mobility Laboratory Consortium. DOE specifically commended Rousseau for outstanding technical vision, project management, and leadership in the development of the SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow.
| 2021-10-25T01:59:36 |
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|
http://www-spires.fnal.gov/spires/find/books/www?keyword=Statistics+for+Business/Economics/Mathematical+Finance/Insurance
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Fermilab Core Computing Division
Library Home | Ask a Librarian [email protected] | Book Catalog | Library Journals | Requests | SPIRES | Fermilab Documents |
Fermilab Library
SPIRES-BOOKS: FIND KEYWORD STATISTICS FOR BUSINESS/ECONOMICS/MATHEMATICAL FINANCE/INSURANCE *END*INIT* use /tmp/qspiwww.webspi1/19986.15 QRY 131.225.70.96 . find keyword statistics for business/economics/mathematical finance/insurance ( in books using www
Call number: SPRINGER-2004-9783790826746:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 7 Author(s): Date: 2004 Size: 1 online resource (355 p.) Note: 10.1007/978-3-7908-2674-6 Contents: 1: General Aspects of Statistical Quality Control -- A Note on the Quality of Statistical Quality Control Procedures -- Statistical Decisions in Quality Audits — a Possibilistic Interpretation of Single Statistical Tests -- Dynamic Link Library and Electronic Book for Statistical Quality Control -- 2: On-Line Control -- Single Sampling Plans for Inspection by Variables under a Variance Component Situation -- Joint Determination of Economic Design of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBamXvP5wqonvsaeHbd9wDYLwzYbqe % e0evGueE0jxyaibaieYlf9irVeeu0dXdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9fr % Fj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYx % e9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaeHbfv % 3ySLgzaGqbciqb-Hfayzaaraaaaa!3AD9! $$\bar X$$ — Control Charts, Economic Production Quantity, and Production Run Length for a Deteriorating Production System -- The Robustness and Performance of CUSUM Control Charts Based on the Double-Exponential and Normal Distributions -- An Application of Confirmation Sample Control Chart in the High-Yield Processes and Its Economic Design -- Statistical Design of Attribute Charts for Monitoring and Continuous Improvement When Count Levels Are Low -- A Markov Approach to the Average Run Length of CUSUM Charts for an AR(1) Process -- Effective Monitoring of Processes with Parts Per Million Defective. A Hard Problem! -- On Monitoring Processes and Assessing Process Capability under a Hierarchical Model, Part 1 -- On Monitoring Processes and Assessing Process Capability under a Hierarchical Model, Part 2 -- SPC Monitoring and Variance Estimation -- Control Charts for Time Series: A Review -- A Note on Stochastic Ordering Criteria in SPC for the Case of Correlated Output -- 3: Off-Line Control -- A New Statistical Tool for Finding Causal Conditions for Small Data Sets and Its Software -- What Has Data Mining Got to Do with Statistical Process Monitoring? A Case Study -- Profile Analysis Based on Repeated Measurements — A New Approach to the Analysis of Interaction -- Trouble-Shooting by Graphical Models -- An Alternative Expression of the Fractional Factorial Designs for Two-level and Three-level Factors -- 4: Studies in Areas Related to Reliability -- Building In Reliability. Is Statistical Process Control Statistical Reliability Control ? -- Optimal Warranty Period when Sale-Price Increases with the Lower Specification Limit -- Evaluation of Quality and Market Risk of Complex Industrial Products ISBN: 9783790826746 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Series: Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control : 7 Keywords: Business , Production management , Operations research , Decision making , Statistics , Industrial engineering , Production engineering , Business and Management , Operations Management , Statistics for Business/Economics/Mathematical Finance/Insurance , Industrial and Production Engineering , Operation Research/Decision Theory Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE
Call number: SPRINGER-2004-9783642187438:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods 2002 Proceedings of a Conference held at the National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore, November 25–28, 2002 Author(s): Date: 2004 Size: 1 online resource (460 p.) Note: 10.1007/978-3-642-18743-8 Contents: Invited Papers -- Finance: A Fertile Field for Applications of MC and QMC -- How Many Random Bits Do We Need for Monte Carlo Integration? -- On Tractability of Weighted Integration for Certain Banach Spaces of Functions -- Polynomial Integration Lattices -- Approximate Bayesian Computation and MCMC -- New Challenges for the Simulation of Stochastic Processes -- Stochastic Models and Monte Carlo Algorithms for Boltzmann Type Equations -- Digital Nets, Duality, and Algebraic Curves -- Contributed Papers -- Generalized Mersenne Prime Number and Its Application to Random Number Generation -- Constructing Good Lattice Rules with Millions of Points -- Lattice Structure of Nonlinear Pseudorandom Number Generators in Parts of the Period -- Simulation for American Options: Regression Now or Regression Later? -- Perturbation Monte Carlo Methods for the Solution of Inverse Problems -- Quantum Boolean Summation with Repetitions in the Worst-Average Setting -- The Strong Tractability of Multivariate Integration Using Lattice Rules -- Minimizing Effective Dimension Using Linear Transformation -- Component by Component Construction of Rank-1 Lattice Rules Having O(n-1(ln(n))d) Star Discrepancy -- Stratification by Rank-1 Lattices -- Walsh Series Analysis of the Star Discrepancy of Digital Nets and Sequences -- Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods for Estimating Transient Measures of Discrete Time Markov Chains -- Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods for Elliptic BVPs -- Stable Connectivity of Networks and Its Monte Carlo Estimation -- Random Number Generators Based on Linear Recurrences in % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbWexLMBb50ujbqegm0B % 1jxALjharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY- % Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq % 0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciaacaGaaeqabaWaae % aaeaaakeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeXbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb % biab-vi8gnaaBaaaleaacaaIYaWaaWbaaWqabeaaryqr1ngBPrgaiy % GacqGF3bWDaaaaleqaaaaa!4C2E! $$\mathbb{F}_{2^w }$$ -- Using Quasi-Monte Carlo Scenarios in Risk Management -- Adaptive Quasi-Monte Carlo Integration Based on MISER and VEGAS -- When Does Monte Carlo Depend Polynomially on the Number of Variables? -- A New Adaptive Method for Geometric Convergence -- Polynomial Arithmetic Analogue of Hickernell Sequences ISBN: 9783642187438 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Keywords: Mathematics , Applied mathematics , Engineering mathematics , Economics, Mathematical , Computer mathematics , Probabilities , Statistics , Mathematics , Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes , Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis , Applications of Mathematics , Statistics for Business/Economics/Mathematical Finance/Insurance , Quantitative Finance Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE
| 2019-03-26T12:08:15 |
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|
http://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/version/cr/Q-2,%20r.%2038?code=sc-nb:2&history=20211126
|
### Q-2, r. 38 - Regulation respecting the quality of the atmosphere
SCHEDULE B
(s. 24)
(Replaced, O.C. 501-2011)
process weight emission standards
rate (tonnes/h) kg/h
0.50 1.1
1.00 1.7
1.50 2.2
2.00 2.6
2.50 3.0
3.00 3.4
3.50 3.7
4.00 4.0
4.50 4.3
5.00 4.6
6.00 5.2
7.00 5.7
8.00 6.2
9.00 6.6
10.0 7.1
12.0 7.9
15.0 9.1
17.0 9.8
20.0 10.9
22.0 11.6
25.0 13.4
27.0 13.6
30.0 13.8
35.0 14.1
40.0 14.4
45.0 14.7
50.0 15.0
60.0 15.4
70.0 15.8
80.0 16.1
90.0 16.4
100 16.7
150 17.8
200 18.7
250 19.4
300 19.9
350 20.4
400 20.9
450 21.3
500 21.6
550 22.0
600 22.3
N.B. The process weight rate is determined by the total weight of all materials introduced into any process during a specified period of time. For the purpose of this Schedule, solid fuels are considered part of the process, but liquid and gaseous fuels and combustion air are not.
Interpolation of the data in this Schedule for process weight rates under 25 t/h shall be accomplished by use of the equation E = F,7p 0.62 and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for process weight rate equal to or in excess of 25 t/h shall be accomplished by use of the equation E = 8p0.16, where E is the emission standard in kg/h and P is the process weight rate in t/h.
In the case of discontinuous operation of the process, the process weight rate is calculated by dividing the total process weight rate by the number of hours of complete operations, less the time during which the equipment was not in operation. The process weight rate per hour is then calculated by dividing the process weight rate for a typical period of time by the number of hours of such period.
R.R.Q., 1981, c. Q-2, r. 20, Sch. B; O.C. 501-2011, s. 215.
| 2022-01-28T05:59:34 |
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|
https://ftp.mcs.anl.gov/pub/fathom/moab-docs/HiReconstruction_8hpp.html
|
MOAB: Mesh Oriented datABase (version 5.2.1)
HiReconstruction.hpp File Reference
#include "moab/Range.hpp"
#include "moab/HalfFacetRep.hpp"
#include <vector>
Include dependency graph for HiReconstruction.hpp:
This graph shows which files directly or indirectly include this file:
Go to the source code of this file.
## Classes
class moab::HiReconstruction
## Namespaces
namespace moab
Class representing axis-aligned bounding box.
## Enumerations
enum moab::GEOMTYPE { moab::HISURFACE, moab::HI3DCURVE, moab::HI2DCURVE }
## Detailed Description
This class implements a high order surface/curve reconstruction method which takes a surface/curve mesh as input and compute local polynomial fittings (in monomial basis) around user specified vertices. Little noise is allowed and least square will be used in such case. This method assumes the underlying geometry of input mesh is smooth. The local fitting results could be used for estimate the exact geometry of the surface. For instance, if mesh refinement is perform on the input mesh, then the position of new vertices introduced by refinement could be estimated by the local fitting, rather than using linear interpolation. Implementations are based on the WALF method in paper: Jiao, Xiangmin, and Duo Wang. "Reconstructing high-order surfaces for meshing." Engineering with Computers 28.4 (2012): 361-373.
Definition in file HiReconstruction.hpp.
| 2021-03-04T21:59:44 |
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|
http://wikieducator.org/CC-BY-NC
|
# CC-BY-NC
Jump to: navigation, search
Attribution Non-Commercial
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.
| 2017-10-19T14:44:26 |
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|
https://phys.libretexts.org/TextBooks_and_TextMaps/University_Physics/Book%3A_University_Physics_(OpenStax)/Map%3A_University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics%2C_Electricity%2C_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/15%3A_Alternating-Current_Circuits/15.0%3A_Prelude_to_Alternating-Current_Circuits
|
$$\require{cancel}$$
# 15.0: Prelude to Alternating-Current Circuits
• Page ID
11556
• Electric power is delivered to our homes by alternating current (ac) through high-voltage transmission lines. As explained in Transformers, transformers can then change the amplitude of the alternating potential difference to a more useful form. This lets us transmit power at very high voltages, minimizing resistive heating losses in the lines, and then furnish that power to homes at lower, safer voltages. Because constant potential differences are unaffected by transformers, this capability is more difficult to achieve with direct-current transmission.
Figure $$\PageIndex{1}$$: The current we draw into our houses is an alternating current (ac). Power lines transmit ac to our neighborhoods, where local power stations and transformers distribute it to our homes. In this chapter, we discuss how a transformer works and how it allows us to transmit power at very high voltages and minimal heating losses across the lines.
In this chapter, we use Kirchhoff’s laws to analyze four simple circuits in which ac flows. We have discussed the use of the resistor, capacitor, and inductor in circuits with batteries. These components are also part of ac circuits. However, because ac is required, the constant source of emf supplied by a battery is replaced by an ac voltage source, which produces an oscillating emf.
## Contributors
• Samuel J. Ling (Truman State University), Jeff Sanny (Loyola Marymount University), and Bill Moebs with many contributing authors. This work is licensed by OpenStax University Physics under a Creative Commons Attribution License (by 4.0).
| 2018-09-25T03:43:55 |
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https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10184358-active-search-using-meta-bandits
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Active Search using Meta-Bandits
There are many applications where positive instances are rare but important to identify. For example, in NLP, positive sentences for a given relation are rare in a large corpus. Positive data are more informative for learning in these applications, but before one labels a certain amount of data, it is unknown where to find the rare positives. Since random sampling can lead to significant waste in labeling effort, previous ”active search” methods use a single bandit model to learn about the data distribution (exploration) while sampling from the regions potentially containing more positives (exploitation). Many bandit models are possible and a sub-optimal model reduces labeling efficiency, but the optimal model is unknown before any data are labeled. We propose Meta-AS (Meta Active Search) that uses a meta-bandit to evaluate a set of base bandits and aims to label positive examples efficiently, comparing to the optimal base bandit with hindsight. The meta-bandit estimates the mean and variance of the performance of the base bandits, and selects a base bandit to propose what data to label next for exploration or exploitation. The feedback in the labels updates both the base bandits and the meta-bandit for the next round. Meta-AS can accommodate a more »
Authors:
; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10184358
Journal Name:
The 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'2020)
4. Collaborative bandit learning, i.e., bandit algorithms that utilize collaborative filtering techniques to improve sample efficiency in online interactive recommendation, has attracted much research attention as it enjoys the best of both worlds. However, all existing collaborative bandit learning solutions impose a stationary assumption about the environment, i.e., both user preferences and the dependency among users are assumed static over time. Unfortunately, this assumption hardly holds in practice due to users' ever-changing interests and dependency relations, which inevitably costs a recommender system sub-optimal performance in practice. In this work, we develop a collaborative dynamic bandit solution to handle a changing environment for recommendation. We explicitly model the underlying changes in both user preferences and their dependency relation as a stochastic process. Individual user's preference is modeled by a mixture of globally shared contextual bandit models with a Dirichlet process prior. Collaboration among users is thus achieved via Bayesian inference over the global bandit models. To balance exploitation and exploration during the interactions, Thompson sampling is used for both model selection and arm selection. Our solution is proved to maintain a standard $\tilde O(\sqrt{T})$ Bayesian regret in this challenging environment. Extensive empirical evaluations on both synthetic and real-world datasets further confirmed themore »
| 2022-11-29T15:59:48 |
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https://www.detailedpedia.com/wiki-B._Max_Mehl
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# B. Max Mehl
B. Max Mehl
Mehl c. 1950
Born
Benjamin Maximillian Mehl
November 5, 1884
DiedSeptember 28, 1957 (aged 72)
Resting placeGreenwood Cemetery (Beth-El section), Fort Worth, Texas
OccupationCoin dealer
Spouse(s)
Ethel Rosen
(m. 1907)
Benjamin Maximillian Mehl (November 5, 1884 – September 28, 1957), usually known as B. Max Mehl, was an American dealer in coins, selling them for over half a century. The most prominent dealer in the U.S. through much of the first half of the 20th century, he is credited with helping to expand the appeal of coin collecting from a hobby for the wealthy to one enjoyed by many.
Mehl was born in Congress Poland, which was subjugated by the Russian Empire. His family brought him to what is now Lithuania, and then to the United States, settling in Fort Worth, Texas, where he lived for almost all of his adult life. While still a teenager, he began to sell coins, which he had previously collected. Joining the American Numismatic Association (ANA) in 1903 at age 18, he quickly became a full-time coin dealer, and by 1910 was one of the most well-known in the country.
Mehl did not limit himself to advertisements in the numismatic press. Beginning in 1904, he placed classified ads in the Fort Worth Telegram. In 1906, he became the first coin dealer to advertise in the national non-numismatic press, with five lines in Collier's magazine, at an expense of $12.50. This proved successful as an advertising strategy, helping to transform coin collecting, once a niche hobby for the wealthy and for students of art and archeology, into a pastime for the masses. In 1906, Mehl came east for the first time, visiting New York and the coin business of Lyman H. Low for his first coin auction, where he proved an active participant. Numismatist Farran Zerbe commented on Mehl's youth. Mehl also visited Boston and Philadelphia. In July 1906, he wrote to his customers that he was now a full-time coin dealer, something that likely came as a surprise to many of them, who assumed that he had long been one. According to Bowers, "by 1910, his innovative advertising and colorful personality projected him to the first rank of dealers." Mehl in 1906 By 1907, Mehl had opened his own office at 1309 Main Street in Fort Worth. On August 18, 1907, Mehl and Ethel Rosen married, in the parlor of Ethel's uncle, Northside Fort Worth developer Sam Rosen. Ethel Mehl's family also had roots in Lithuania. They had two daughters, Lorraine and Danna. In January 1908, Mehl began to publish Mehl's Numismatic Monthly, with guest contributors including some of the leading numismatists of the day. Published until 1919 with a hiatus in 1911–1912, according to Bowers it "gave The Numismatist a run for its money and in many aspects was more interestingly edited". When Heath, the editor of The Numismatist, died unexpectedly in 1908, Mehl offered the Numismatic Monthly as a replacement journal for the ANA, but Zerbe took over The Numismatist and continued it. In 1912, Mehl moved to New York to join fellow dealer Wayte Raymond in a partnership. Mehl was concerned about his relative isolation in Texas from the rest of the numismatic world. However, after only a few weeks, Mehl returned to Fort Worth, writing in The Numismatist that serious illness in his family had required his return, and personal matters then obliged him to remain. He stated that he had re-established himself on as large a scale as before. In 1916, Mehl engaged local architect Wiley G. Clarkson to design a three-story, 16,000-square-foot office building of brick, ornamented with stone bas-reliefs of antique coins. Located at 1200 W. Magnolia Avenue, the building was the working place of Mehl and 40 employees (an increase from 10 in 1912) who dealt with correspondence and orders from a subscription list of 70,000 customers. In the years to come, these would include Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and King Farouk of Egypt. Mehl was one of the largest dealers in early United States commemorative coins, and the only one to make them a major part of his business in the 1916–1920 era, including Columbian half dollars in groups and packets of coins sold to beginning collectors. When the promoters of the 1916- and 1917-dated McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar failed to sell many coins to the public at the original issue price of$3, Mehl purchased about 10,000 (half the extant mintage) at just over face value, selling them to the public at less than the issue price well into the 1920s. Mehl similarly acquired (from Zerbe, the coin's promoter) thousands of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition dollars and sold them to his customers. In late 1919, Mehl stated that he had an advertising budget of $5,000 per year, and he continued to advertise in non-numismatic publications, spending$200 (equivalent to $2,985 in 2020) on a single insertion of an advertisement in The American Boy. ## Middle years (1920–1940) During the Great Depression, the Fort Worth, Tex., dealer B. Max Mehl carried on a years-long newspaper advertising campaign (which he later admitted had cost him over a million 1930s dollars!), offering to buy for$50 apiece any 1913 Liberty head nickels offered. This offer was not bona fide, being merely a come-on to promote sales of his Star Rare Coin Encyclopedia, which went through over 30 editions despite being of no numismatic value. The major effect of Mehl's publicity was threefold: It made Mehl very wealthy through peddling his worthless book; it made the 1913 Liberty head nickel one of the most famous of American coins; and it stimulated the ungodly to make thousands of altered dates (mostly from 1903, 1910 or 1912) pretending to be 1913's.
Walter H. Breen, Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins (1988), p. 254.
In 1921, Mehl sold his first 1804 dollar, one of the great rarities of American numismatics. He turned the sale to good account in his advertising, noting that he had paid over $2,000 (equivalent to$29,019 in 2020) for an old silver dollar and wondering what rarities the reader might have undiscovered in their possession. The United States Post Office Department found this to be deceptive. Thereafter, Mehl switched campaigns, offering to buy any 1894-S Barber dimes (also extremely scarce) that the reader might have, at a time when common-date Barber dimes were everyday pocket change. During his career, Mehl sold six 1804 dollars, selling two of the six twice. Similarly, Mehl boasted of spending a million dollars advertising in vain to buy a 1913 Liberty Head nickel, knowing that none of these extremely rare coins were to be found in circulation. Though he bought many other coins as a result, his primary purpose was to promote the sale of his catalogue, and his campaign supposedly led to transit delays in some cities as trolley conductors checked through their change. His actual purchase, for $200, of a rare cent, was also advertised. In his advertisements, Mehl urged collectors to sign up for his "Mehl-ing list". According to a 1929 article on Mehl, he was among the top five recipients of mail in Fort Worth, and during the busier part of the year, ranked second or third, though another source states he accounted for more than half of Fort Worth's incoming mail, leading the post office to put additional trucks on the Magnolia Avenue route. Despite his extensive dealings in coins, the 1929 article disclosed he did not himself collect them, feeling that he could not both collect and deal in coins; instead, he collected autographs. Both his auctions and his fixed-price coin sales were by mail-order only; if a prospective buyer showed up in Fort Worth, Mehl would discuss a purchase and even take the person to dinner, but would insist his guest return home and write to complete the purchase, stating he did not want anyone to feel under pressure to buy. From 1924 to 1926, Mehl served on the ANA's board of governors. Mehl in 1931 In the early 1930s, amid the Great Depression, hobbies prospered, including coin collecting. Mehl greatly expanded his campaign to sell coin books to the American public, who were receptive, liking the idea of finding a rare coin in those difficult times that might solve one's financial worries. Mehl purchased full-page advertisements in Sunday newspapers and had his own nationwide radio program, stating in 1933 that he had spent more than$50,000 (equivalent to $999,614 in 2020) to advertise on more than 50 radio stations. A 1931 advertisement in The American Weekly, a Sunday newspaper supplement, cost him$18,500, while a $2,000 ad in The Saturday Evening Post brought in 9,800 book orders during the first week. Catering to both beginning and advanced collectors, Mehl worked for years to get the noted numismatist, Colonel E.H.R. Green, who made large coin purchases, as a customer; he was eventually successful and sold Green an estimated$500,000 worth of coins. His incoming mail peaked with 1.25 million pieces in 1935. Mehl proclaimed, in 1938, that he had $250,000 in capital,$500,000 in resources and “the largest numismatic establishment in the United States". In 1939, Mehl employed 50 people, and boasted that he had more people on his payroll than all other U.S. coin dealers combined.
During the commemorative coin boom of the 1930s, Mehl continued to push them, noting that they had gone up in value during the Depression years even as stocks sank. When representatives of the Arkansas Centennial Commission came to him in late 1935 after having sold out the year's issue of the Arkansas Centennial half dollar, Mehl advised them to get the Bureau of the Mint to agree to strike limited-edition varieties of the coin that could be resold to the public at high prices. The Mint refused, but did agree to strike more of the original coins, few of which were made available to the public, but were sold by Mehl at a premium above the issue price. In January 1936, with prices still rising for commemorative coins (the bubble burst near the end of the year), Mehl published an advertisement urging collectors to "BUY NOW—Potential $10 and$20 coins for a fraction of their near-future value!" In 1937, Mehl published a booklet on commemorative coins.
## Later years (1940–1957)
Mehl, c. 1953
According to Bowers, "in the decade of the 1940s, Mehl reached his glory." Mehl had 116 auction sales, all conducted by mail, between 1903 and 1955; those after 1940 included some that Bowers described as "awesome and incredible". Never a researcher, Mehl made exaggerations or errors in his catalogs that led to some criticism of him in the numismatic community.
Among the post-1940 sales were the William Forrester Dunham Sale (1941), Fred E. Olsen (1944, containing the first 1913 Liberty Head nickel Mehl ever handled, despite his advertisements), and the duplicates from the King Farouk collection (1947). The Dunham collection included an 1804 dollar and another great rarity, an 1822 half eagle, and Mehl sold another 1804 dollar in the 1946 William Cutler Atwater sale for a record-breaking price of $10,500. Mehl dubbed the sale of the Farouk coins the "Royal Sale", though only about six percent of the lots in the sale had been owned by Farouk. Unable to gain permission to illustrate the auction catalog cover with a portrait of Farouk, Mehl instead used an Egyptian coin that depicted Farouk, and which required no permission to display. Mehl also handled the auction of the coin collection of composer Jerome Kern (1950). Coin dealer Abe Kosoff wrote in Mehl's 1957 obituary in the pages of The Numismatist, "Max was master of the finesse of cataloging." During World War II, Mehl was chairman of Fort Worth Draft Board #2. His other civic activities included being president of the Rotary Club and of the Exchange Club. He served as potentate of Moslah Shrine Temple, and sat on the board of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce. He was a member of the Fort Worth Club, Colonial Country Club and Temple Beth-El. He received a humanitarian award from the National Conference of Christians and Jews, Fort Worth chapter, in 1956. By the 1950s, Mehl's numismatic activities were diminishing. After the Kern collection in 1950 (which he styled his "Golden Jubilee" sale), he conducted only three more auctions, the last on October 25, 1955. B. Max Mehl died on September 28, 1957, having had a serious heart condition for some time, and was interred two days later, with Abe Kosoff as one of his pallbearers, in the Beth-El section of Greenwood Cemetery in Fort Worth. ## Aftermath and assessment Mehl placed ads to purchase a 1913 Liberty Head nickel (specimen from the National Numismatic Collection) After Mehl's death, his executive secretary of over 40 years service, Mary Ellen Ferguson, kept the firm going until her own death in 1961. Thereafter, Kosoff, who managed Mehl's numismatic estate, offered the trade name for sale for$25,000. Kenneth Nichols of Costa Mesa, California bought it, and set up the B. Max Mehl Co. He later sold the firm to George Nichols of Beverly Hills. It continued to run advertisements in The Numismatist until July 1966, thereafter fading from active business.
Bowers described Mehl as "America's most famous rare coin dealer of the first half of the 20th century ... [who] was a promoter of coins and arguably did more to advance the hobby than any other individual of his time". According to numismatist Pete Smith, "Mehl is remembered as one of the great dealers and promoters for the hobby." Daniel C. Parker called Mehl "the father of modern coin collecting ... he more than anyone before or since that time popularized our hobby. He brought it out of the affluent man's domain and made it a hobby for all ages and economic strata."
Many of his contemporaries dubbed Mehl "the P.T. Barnum of numismatics". Tom LaMarre wrote, "Mehl sold more than coins, he sold an image. Ads featured the Mehl building, Mehl standing in front of his luxurious home, or other scenes intended to depict the dealer as a coin tycoon." Charles D. Horning wrote in 1995, "Mehl was truly a phenomenal self-promoter." Parker stated, "Mehl had a fantastic knowledge of human nature. Had he come along 40 or 50 years later, he would have made a fortune on Madison Avenue." Jay Guren in a 1979 article in Coin World, agreed: "Mehl was a numismatist and much much more. He was a super promoter and comprehended human psychology to a T." Kosoff remembered, "Whatever he did, he did with a flair and a touch of class. It was always the biggest and the best or some other superlative."
ANA life member Walt Southward wrote in a 2004 article on Mehl that the dealer "achiev[ed] the status of hobby icon during the 1920s and '30s, he received numerous accolades, from the ANA and others, as he spent many thousands of dollars promoting the hobby. He was credited with being a tremendous advocate for coin collecting, using newspaper and magazine ads and radio programs to spread the word." Mehl was inducted into the ANA's Numismatic Hall of Fame in 1974, and, in 2010, was part of the six-member inaugural grouping inducted into the CoinFacts Dealer Hall of Fame, established by the Professional Coin Grading Service.
## Notes
1. ^ Sources do not specify whether this is a Gregorian calendar date or Julian calendar, then in use in the Russian Empire, where Mehl was born.
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| 2021-12-07T03:52:48 |
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http://dergipark.gov.tr/jsp/issue/39123/459329
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## STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS
#### Ela Ayşe KÖKSAL [1]
##### 16 35
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate second year classroom teacher education students’ misconceptions and learning difficulties related to gas concepts. The study was carried out during the last academic year at a state university in Turkey. About 100 second year students were the participants of the study. Gas Concept Test developed by Yalçınkaya (2010) was administered to the students to determine the students’ misconceptions and their understanding of gas concepts. The results revealed that the students had misconceptions, such as gas particles expand when heated, shrink when cooled; particles are unevenly scattered in any enclosed space; particles rise and stay away from heat, etc. The misconceptions and learning difficulties of the classroom teacher students should be remedied by suitable conceptual change strategies. So, these erroneous ideas cannot pass on primary pupils.
chemistry, gas, misconception, pre-service, teacher education
• REFERENCES
Bibtex @araştırma makalesi { jsp459329, journal = {Journal of Scientific Perspectives}, issn = {}, eissn = {2587-3008}, address = {RATING ACADEMY}, year = {2018}, volume = {2}, pages = {11 - 38}, doi = {}, title = {STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS}, key = {cite}, author = {KÖKSAL, Ela Ayşe} } APA KÖKSAL, E . (2018). STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 2 (3), 11-38. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/jsp/issue/39123/459329 MLA KÖKSAL, E . "STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS". Journal of Scientific Perspectives 2 (2018): 11-38 Chicago KÖKSAL, E . "STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS". Journal of Scientific Perspectives 2 (2018): 11-38 RIS TY - JOUR T1 - STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS AU - Ela Ayşe KÖKSAL Y1 - 2018 PY - 2018 N1 - DO - T2 - Journal of Scientific Perspectives JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 11 EP - 38 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - -2587-3008 M3 - UR - Y2 - 2018 ER - EndNote %0 Journal of Scientific Perspectives STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS %A Ela Ayşe KÖKSAL %T STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS %D 2018 %J Journal of Scientific Perspectives %P -2587-3008 %V 2 %N 3 %R %U ISNAD KÖKSAL, Ela Ayşe . "STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS". Journal of Scientific Perspectives 2 / 3 (Temmuz 2018): 11-38.
| 2019-02-23T14:53:58 |
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http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?init=0&node=B143&home=BXXX035
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${{\boldsymbol \Omega}}$ BARYONS($\boldsymbol S$ = $-3$, $\boldsymbol I$ = 0) ${{\mathit \Omega}^{-}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$ INSPIRE search
# ${{\boldsymbol \Omega}{(2470)}^{-}}$
A peak in the ${{\mathit \Omega}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ mass spectrum with a signal significance claimed to be at least $5.5$ standard deviations. There is no reason to seriously doubt the existence of this state, but unless the evidence is overwhelming we usually wait for confirmation from a second experiment before elevating peaks to the Summary Table.
${{\mathit \Omega}{(2470)}^{-}}$ MASS $2474 \pm12$ MeV
${{\mathit \Omega}{(2470)}^{-}}$ WIDTH $72 \pm33$ MeV
$\Gamma_{1}$ ${{\mathit \Omega}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ 628
| 2019-02-19T00:25:54 |
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https://stat.fandom.com/wiki/SVD
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10 Pages
## Tool Edit
We have a tool for training SVD models (factorize sparse matrices) that takes very general input in the form of CSV files. The documentation needs some work, but you can find it here jssvd.
## Mathematical Description Edit
### Prediction Formula Edit
$\hat{r}_{ui} = \mu +b_u + b_i + p_u^{T}q_i$
where
$\mu$ is the overall average rating
$b_u$ is the user bias for user $u$
$b_i$ is the movie bias for movie $i$
$p_u$ is the first feature vector corresponding to the $u^{th}$ user
$q_i$ is the second feature vector corresponding to the $i^{th}$ movie
Sometimes biases are not used. In this case, the prediction formula is:
$\hat{r}_{ui} = p_u^{T}q_i$
Note that two models are inherently the same, since we can increase the dimensionality of all u and v by 2, and write:
$p_{u,n+1} = b_u + \mu$
$q_{u,n+1} = 1$
$p_{u,n+2} = 1$
$q_{i,n+2} = b_i$
However, their training may produce different results.
### Training Algorithm Edit
Objective:
$\min_{q_{*}, p_{*}, b_{*}}{\sum_{(u,i) \in K}} ( r_{ui} - \mu - b_u -b_i - p_u^{T}q_i ) ^ 2 + \lambda ( b_u^2 +b_i^2 + ||q_i||^2 + ||p_u ||^2 )$
### Weight update formula Edit
For each pair (u, i) from the training set do:
Calculate residual: $d_{ui} = r_{ui} - p_u q_i\!$
$\Delta q_i = \eta \left(d_{ui} * p_u -\lambda q_i\right)\!$
$\Delta p_u = \eta \left(d_{ui} * q_i -\lambda p_u\right)\!$
$q_i \leftarrow q_i + \Delta q_i \!$
$p_u \leftarrow p_u + \Delta p_u \!$
We will refer to these as standard formulas.
### Variants Edit
#### Regression to average Edit
$\Delta q_i = \eta \left(d_{ui} p_u -\lambda (q_i-\bar q)\right)$
$\Delta p_u = \eta \left(d_{ui} q_i -\lambda (p_u-\bar p)\right)$
where
$\bar q = {\sum_{j=1}^{N_\mathrm{items}} q_j \over N_\mathrm{items}}$
$\bar p = {\sum_{j=1}^{N_\mathrm{users}} p_j \over N_\mathrm{users}}$
The reasoning behind this is that the prior distribution for $p_{jk}$ is $N\left({\bar p}_k, \sigma^2\right)$ rather than $N\left(0, \sigma^2\right)$
#### Support-dependent relaxation rate Edit
Note that the standard formulas do NOT minimize the function above. Indeed, if $\eta$ is very small, and using the original formula, the total change of $p_u$ at each iteration is:
$\left(\Delta p_u\right)^\mathrm{total} = \eta\left(\sum_{i\in I(u)} d_{ui} q_i - \lambda p_u S_u \right)$
where $I(u)$ is the set of items which appear together with u in the training set, $S_u$ is the support for the user u.
Note the $S_u$ factor in the second term. It should not be here, if we indeed moved in the direction of the gradient.
This brings the idea to decrease relaxation rate with support.
$\Delta q_i = \eta \left(d_{ui} p_u -\lambda_i q_i\right)$
$\Delta p_u = \eta \left(d_{ui} q_i -\lambda_u p_u\right)$
where $\lambda_i=f(S_i)\!$, $\lambda_u=g(S_u)\!$, f and g are non-increasing functions.
For Netflix, the following formula was useful:
$\lambda_u(S_u) = \lambda^{(1)} + {\lambda^{(2)}\over \max(S_u, \bar S)}$,
where
$S_u\!$ is the support for the user u.
$\bar S$ is average support for all users
and similar for items.
#### Support-dependent relaxation rate with regression to average Edit
This combines both approaches above:
$\Delta q_i = \eta \left(d_{ui} p_u -\lambda_i (q_i-\bar q)\right)$
$\Delta p_u = \eta \left(d_{ui} q_i -\lambda_u (p_u-\bar p)\right)$
#### Different learning rates and relaxation rates Edit
Relaxation rates for users and items might be different. Learning rates also might be different.
When using biases ($\mu$, $b_i$, $b_u$), they may have their own learing and relaxation rates.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
| 2019-10-16T11:31:54 |
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|
https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?init=0&node=M187&home=MXXX046
|
BOTTOM, STRANGE MESONS($\mathit B$ = $\pm1$, $\mathit S$ = $\mp{}$1) ${{\mathit B}_{{s}}^{0}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$ ${\mathit {\overline{\mathit b}}}$, ${{\overline{\mathit B}}_{{s}}^{0}}$ = ${\mathit {\overline{\mathit s}}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit b}}$, similarly for ${{\mathit B}_{{s}}^{*}}$ 's
#### ${{\mathit B}_{{s1}}{(5830)}^{0}}$
$I(J^P)$ = $0(1^{+})$ I, J, P need confirmation.
Quantum numbers shown are quark-model predictions.
${{\mathit B}_{{s1}}{(5830)}^{0}}$ MASS $5828.70 \pm0.20$ MeV
${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit B}_{{s1}}^{0}}}–{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit B}^{*+}}}$ $503.99 \pm0.17$ MeV
${{\mathit B}_{{s1}}{(5830)}^{0}}$ WIDTH $0.5 \pm0.4$ MeV
$\Gamma_{1}$ ${{\mathit B}^{*+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ seen 97
$\Gamma_{2}$ ${{\mathit B}^{*0}}{{\mathit K}_S^0}$
FOOTNOTES
| 2022-12-09T12:45:45 |
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|
https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GDR1/datamodel/Ch3/tmass_original_valid.html
|
# 3.18 tmass_original_valid
2MASS PSC Catalogue
Reference paper: Skrutskie et al. 2006, AJ 131, 1163
Documentation: http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/releases/allsky/doc/explsup.html
Original catalogue: ftp://ftp.ipac.caltech.edu/pub/2mass/allsky
Columns description:
ph_qual : JHKs Photometric quality flag (string)
Photometric quality flag. Three character flag, one character per band [JHKs], that provides a summary of the net quality of the default photometry in each band.
The value for ph_qual is set for a band according to the precedence of the table below. For example, a source that is tested and meets the conditions for category ”X” is not tested for subsequent qualities.
• ”X” - There is a detection at this location, but no valid brightness estimate can be extracted using any algorithm. Default magnitude is null.
• ”U” - Upper limit on magnitude. Source is not detected in this band, or it is detected, but not resolved in a consistent fashion with other bands. A value of ph_qual=”U” does not necessarily mean that there is no flux detected in this band at the location.
• ”F” - This category includes sources where a reliable estimate of the photometric error could not be determined. The uncertainties reported for these sources in [jhk]_msigcom are flags and have numeric values $>$8.0.
• ”E” - This category includes detections where the goodness-of-fit quality of the profile-fit photometry was very poor, or detections where psf fit photometry did not converge and an aperture magnitude is reported, or detections where the number of frames was too small in relation to the number of frames in which a detection was geometrically possible.
• ”A” - Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made with [jhk]_snr$>$10 AND [jhk]_cmsig$<$0.10857.
• ”B” - Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made with [jhk]_snr$>$7 AND [jhk]_cmsig$<$0.15510.
• ”C” - Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made with [jhk]_snr$>$5 AND [jhk]_cmsig$<$0.21714.
• ”D” - Detections in any brightness regime where valid measurements were made with no [jhk]_snr or [jhk]_cmsig requirement.
tmass_oid : Unique Numeric Identifier (long)
Incremental unique numeric identifier (increasing with declination). This is the only field which was not in the original 2MASS catalogue, but was added for cross-match purposes.
designation : source Id in original catalog (string)
Sexagesimal, equatorial position-based source name in the form: hmmssss+ddmmsss[ABC…] The prefix ”2MASS J” in not explicitely listed in the designation.
ra : RA, ICRS (double, Angle[deg])
J2000 right ascension with respect to the ICRS
dec : DEC, ICRS (double, Angle[deg])
J2000 declination with respect to the ICRS
err_maj : semi-major axis pos uncertainty (float, Angle[arcsec])
Semi-major axis length of the one sigma position uncertainty ellipse
err_min : semi-minor axis pos uncertainty (float, Angle[arcsec])
Semi-minor axis length of the one sigma position uncertainty ellipse
err_ang : position angle (int, Angle[deg])
Position angle on the sky of the semi-major axis of the position uncertainty ellipse (East of North)
j_m : Band J magnitude (float, Magnitude[mag])
Default J-band magnitude.
In case of a source not detected in the J-band, it is an upper limit and the corresponding total photometric uncertainty is NULL.
In case of a source detected in the J-band and with no useful brightness estimate, it is set to NULL.
j_msigcom : J magnitude uncertainty (float, Magnitude[mag])
Total photometric uncertainty for the default J-band magnitude. This column is NULL if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the J-band).
h_m : Band H magnitude (float, Magnitude[mag])
Default H-band magnitude.
In case of a source not detected in the H-band, it is an upper limit and the corresponding total photometric uncertainty is NULL.
In case of a source detected in the H-band and with no useful brightness estimate, it is set to NULL.
h_msigcom : H magnitude uncertainty (float, Magnitude[mag])
Total photometric uncertainty for the default H-band magnitude. This column is NULL if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the H-band).
ks_m : Band Ks magnitude (float, Magnitude[mag])
Default Ks-band magnitude.
In case of a source not detected in the Ks-band, it is an upper limit and the corresponding total photometric uncertainty is NULL.
In case of a source detected in the Ks-band and with no useful brightness estimate, it is set to NULL.
ks_msigcom : Ks magnitude uncertainty (float, Magnitude[mag])
Total photometric uncertainty for the default Ks-band magnitude. This column is NULL if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the Ks-band.
ext_key : UID of the record in the XSC (long)
Unique identification number of the record in the XSC (2MASS Extended Source Catalogue) that corresponds to this point source. Can be NULL if no corresponding extended source is present in the XSC.
j_date : Julian Date of source measurement (double, Time[Julian Date (day)])
The Julian Date of the source measurement accurate to +30 seconds. This value is extrapolated from the start time of the Survey scan using the difference between the declinations of the source and the first row in the Tile divided by the scanning rate of the telescope (approximately 5sec). The scanning rate of the two 2MASS telescopes was slightly different because of the need to optimize the dithering of images on the arrays.
| 2021-08-02T02:33:04 |
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|
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/overview.aspx?BeginYear=2001
|
# NHANES 2001-2002 Overview
## Introduction
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Health Examination Statistics (DHES), part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has conducted a series of health and nutrition surveys since the early 1960's. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were conducted on a periodic basis from 1971 to 1994. Details of the design and content of each survey, and the public use data files are available (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm).
The most recent NHANES began in 1999. Every year, approximately 7,000 individuals, of all ages, are interviewed in their homes; of these, approximately 5,000 complete the health examination component of the survey. A majority of the health examinations are conducted in mobile examination centers (MECs); the MECs provide an ideal setting for the collection of high quality data in a standardized environment. In addition to the MEC examinations, a small number of survey participants receive an abbreviated health examination in their homes because they are unable to come to the MEC.
## Target Population
The NHANES target population is the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. NHANES 2001-2002 includes over-samples of low-income persons, adolescents 12-19 years, persons 60+ years of age, African Americans and Mexican Americans.
## Survey Objectives
The major objectives of NHANES are:
• To estimate the number and percent of persons in the U.S. population and designated subgroups with selected diseases and risk factors,
• To monitor trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of selected diseases,
• To monitor trends in risk behaviors and environmental exposures,
• To analyze risk factors for selected diseases,
• To study the relationship between diet, nutrition and health,
• To explore emerging public health issues and new technologies;
• To establish a national probability sample of genetic material for future genetic research;
• To establish and maintain a national probability sample of baseline information on health and nutritional status.
## NHANES Data Collection Procedures
The NHANES 2001-2002 data collection was carried out under a contractual agreement. First, the eligible sample for the survey and tasks related to survey operations and data management are performed. The NHANES survey design is a stratified, multistage probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The stages of sample selection are: 1) selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) which are counties or small groups of contiguous counties; 2) segments within PSUs (a block or group of blocks containing a cluster of households); 3) households within segments; and 4) one or more participants within households. A total of 15 PSUs are visited during a twelve-month time period. A brief description of the data collection procedures follows.
## NHANES Household interview data collection procedures
Initially, households are identified for inclusion in the NHANES sample and an advance letter is mailed to each address informing the occupant(s) that an NHANES interviewer will visit their home. The household interview component is comprised of Screener, Sample Person, and Family interviews, each of which has separate questionnaires (please refer to the data file codebooks). Trained household interviewers administer all of the questionnaires. In most cases, the interview setting is the survey participant's home. The interview data are recorded using a Blaise® format computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) system.
When the interviewer arrives at the home, he/she shows an official identification badge and briefly explains the purpose of the survey. If the occupant has not seen the advance letter, a copy is given to the occupant to review. The interviewer requests that the occupant answer a brief questionnaire (Household Screener Questionnaire Module 1) to determine if any household occupants are eligible to participate in NHANES. If eligible individuals are identified, the interviewer proceeds with efforts to recruit these individuals. Initially, the interviewer explains the household questionnaires to all eligible participants 16 years of age and older, informs the potential respondents of their rights, and provides assurances about the confidentiality of the survey data (reiterating what is stated in the advance letter).
A majority of the household interviews are conducted during the first contact. If this is inconvenient for the survey participant, an appointment is made to administer the household interview questionnaires later. Household interviews for survey participants under 16 years of age are conducted with a proxy (usually the SP's parent or guardian). If there is no one living in the household who is over 16, participants under 16 years of age are permitted to self-report. Respondents are asked to sign an Interview Consent Form to sign, agreeing to participate in the household interview portion of the survey. For participants 16-17 years of age a parent or guardian consents and the child gives his/her assent.
After the household interview is completed, the interviewer reviews a second informed consent brochure with the participant. This brochure contains detailed information about the NHANES health examination component. All interviewed persons are asked to complete the health examination component. Those who agree to participate are asked to sign additional consent forms for the health examination component. The interviewer telephones the NHANES field office from the participant's home to schedule an appointment for the examination. The interviewer informs the participants that they will receive remuneration as well as reimbursement for transportation and childcare expenses, if necessary.
## Sources of the Questions Asked in NHANES 2001-2002
Many of the NHANES 2001-2002 questions were also asked in NHANES II, 1976-80, Hispanic HANES 1982-84, and NHANES III, 1988-94. New questions were added to the survey based on recommendations from survey collaborators, NCHS staff, and other interagency work groups.
## Questionnaire Target Populations
Please note that there are different target population groups for the topics within and between NHANES questionnaire sections. For example, in the Nutrition and Diet Behavior section, questions pertaining to infant nutrition and breast-feeding were asked of proxy respondents for children 6 years of age and younger; alcohol consumption frequency questions were asked of persons 20+ years of age; and senior meal program participation questions were asked of respondents 60+ years of age. Data users should review the survey questionnaire codebooks thoroughly to determine the target populations for each NHANES questionnaire section and sub-section.
## The NHANES Health Examination Component
When a participant arrives at the MEC, the MEC Coordinator greets the participant and verifies all pertinent identifier information. Each participant receives a disposable paper gown and a pair of slippers to wear during their examination. Persons 6 years of age and older are asked to provide a urine specimen. MEC staff direct participants to the rooms where the examination components are conducted. In addition to the MEC Coordinator, each MEC survey team consists of one physician, one dentist, two dietary interviewers, three certified medical technologists, five health technicians, one phlebotomist, two interviewers and one computer data manager. Upon completion of the examination, each examinee is remunerated. Some of the medical findings from the examination are given to the examinees before they leave the MEC. The other reportable survey findings are mailed to participants after the laboratory assays and special tests are completed.
## MEC Operations
Three MECs are equipped for use in NHANES. Each MEC consists of four large, inter- connected trailer units. An advance team sets up the MECs prior to the start of the survey examinations; water, sewer, electrical, and communications lines are connected during set-up. The MEC equipment and data collection systems must be checked and calibrated prior to the start of survey data collection. The MECs are open a total of five days per week; the non-operational days change on a rotating basis so that appointments can be scheduled on any day of the week. Two examination sessions are conducted daily. For the convenience of the survey participants, appointments can be scheduled during morning, afternoon, or evening hours. The examinations require up to three hours to complete. At any given time during the survey, examinations are conducted at two survey locations simultaneously. Staff vacations are scheduled for periods of about one month at New Year's and about two weeks during the summer; leaving ten and one-half months to conduct examinations.
## Second day examinations and dietary interviews
Second day (i.e., repeat) MEC examinations were pilot tested in 1999 and implemented in 2000. Approximately five percent of examined persons over 20 years of age from each survey location are asked to complete second day exams. Second dietary interviews were completed on ten percent of all examined persons in 2000. The second day dietary interview is a primary data collection technique to improve the estimation of distributions of nutrient intakes. Second day examination and dietary data are not included in this data file.
## Home examinations
Participants under one year of age or 60+ years of age who are unable or unwilling to come to the MEC for an examination were eligible to receive a home examination. Home examination data are not included in this data file.
## Guidelines for NHANES data users
NHANES 2001-2002 survey design and demographic variables are found in the demo_b.xpt file in this release. All of the NHANES public use data files can be linked by using the common survey participant identification number (variable name: SEQN). Merging information from multiple NHANES 2001-2002 data files using SEQN ensures that the appropriate information for each survey participant is linked correctly. All data files should be sorted by SEQN.
The NHANES 2001-2002 data files do not have the same number of records in each file. For example, there are different numbers of subjects in the Interview and Examination samples of the survey. Additionally, the number of records in each data file varies depending on gender and age profiles for the specific component(s). Confidential and administrative data are not being released. Some variables have been recoded or top-/bottom-coded to protect the confidentiality of survey participants.
## Sample Person Demographic File
The sample person demographic file is composed of a limited set of recoded core variables that are required to analyze NHANES 2001-2002 data. Most data analyses require either the interviewed sample weight (variable name: WTINT2YR) or examined sample weight (variable name: WTMEC2YR). The two-year sample weights (WTINT2YR, WTMEC2YR) should be used for NHANES 2001-2002 analyses and the four-year sample weights (WTINT4YR, WTMEC4YR) for combined analyses of NHANES 1999-2000 & NHANES 2001-2002 data. Many variables that are listed in the Demographic questionnaire sections of the Household Interview were omitted from this data release due to concerns about participant confidentiality.
Demographic data file variables are grouped into three broad categories:
• Status Variables: Provide core information on the survey participant. Examples of the core variables include interview status, examination status, and sequence number. (Sequence number (SEQN) is a unique ID assigned to each sample person and is required to match the information on this demographic file to the rest of the NHANES 2001-2002 data.)
• Recoded Demographic Variables: The variables include age (age in months for persons through age 19 years, 11 months; age in years for 1-84 year olds, and a top-coded age group of 85+ years), gender, a race/ethnicity variable, an current or highest grade of education completed, (< high school, high school, and more than high school education), country of birth (United States, Mexico, or other foreign born), Poverty Income Ratio (PIR), income, and a pregnancy status variable (adjudicated from various pregnancy related variables). Some of the groupings were made due to limited sample sizes for the two-year data set.
• Interview and Examination Sample Weight Variables: Sample weights are available for analyzing NHANES 2001-2002 data. Most data analyses require either the interviewed sample weight (variable name: WTINT2YR) or examined sample weight (variable name: WTMEC2YR). The two-year sample weights (WTINT2YR, WTMEC2YR) should be used for NHANES 2001-2002 analyses and the four-year sample weights (WTINT4YR, WTMEC4YR) for combined analyses of NHANES 1999-2000 & NHANES 2001-2002 data. Use of the correct sample weight for NHANES analyses is extremely important and depends on the variables being used. A good rule of thumb is to use "the least common denominator" approach. With this approach, the analyst checks the variables of interest. The variable that was collected on the smallest number of persons is the "least common denominator," and the sample weight that applies to that variable is the appropriate one to use for that particular analysis. Please refer to the NHANES 2001-2002 analytic guidelines provided with the data release files to determine the appropriate analytic methodology.
## Getting started with NHANES 2001-2002 data analysis
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002 (NHANES 2001- 2002) contains data for 11,039 individuals of all ages. Data were collected between January 2001 and December 2002. The data and corresponding documentation for the survey interview and examination components are found in several files.
NHANES data in this release is in SAS® transport file format. SAS transport file format can be read by many software packages. To access this data in any version of SAS, you should use the XPORT engine. NCHS recommends that data users copy the transport files to a permanent SAS library. For example, assuming "C:" is your hard drive, you can use the following SAS code to copy the Body Measurements Examination Data:
LIBNAME XP XPORT "C:\NHANES\bmx_b.xpt";
PROC COPY IN=XP OUT=SASUSER;
RUN;
| 2022-12-06T04:22:14 |
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|
https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/july-2007-eruption-flow-field-map-july-22-2010
|
# July 2007 Eruption--Flow Field Map: July 22, 2010
## Detailed Description
Map showing the extent of the July 2007 eruption flow field relative to surrounding communities. Light red is the extent of the July 2007 eruption flow field. Reddish-brown is the extent of the currently-active Quarry flow as of July 14, 2010, while bright red shows the flow field expansion of the Quarry flow mapped by HVO geologists between July 14 and July 22. Flows erupted earlier during the 1983-present Puu Ō`ō-Kupaianaha eruption are shown in more muted colors and labeled with the years in which they were active.
## Details
Image Dimensions: 2200 x 1700
Date Taken:
Location Taken: Kilauea, HI, US
| 2020-04-02T23:08:19 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10188492-looking-underlying-cause-black-hole-ray-variability-grmhd-simulations
|
Looking for the underlying cause of black hole X-ray variability in GRMHD simulations
ABSTRACT Long-term observations have shown that black hole X-ray binaries exhibit strong, aperiodic variability on time-scales of a few milliseconds to seconds. The observed light curves display various characteristic features like a lognormal distribution of flux and a linear rms–flux relation, which indicate that the underlying variability process is stochastic in nature. It is also thought to be intrinsic to accretion. This variability has been modelled as inward propagating fluctuations of mass accretion rate, although the physical process driving the fluctuations remains puzzling. In this work, we analyse five exceptionally long-duration general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of optically thin, geometrically thick, black hole accretion flows to look for hints of propagating fluctuations in the simulation data. We find that the accretion profiles from these simulations do show evidence for inward propagating fluctuations below the viscous frequency by featuring strong radial coherence and positive time lags when comparing smaller to larger radii, although these time lags are generally shorter than the viscous time-scale and are frequency-independent. Our simulations also support the notion that the fluctuations in $\dot{M}$ build up in a multiplicative manner, as the simulations exhibit linear rms–mass flux relations, as well as lognormal distributions of their mass fluxes. When more »
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10188492
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume:
496
Issue:
3
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
3808 to 3828
ISSN:
0035-8711
3. ABSTRACT We present the results of nine simulations of radiatively inefficient magnetically arrested discs (MADs) across different values of the black hole spin parameter a*: −0.9, −0.7, −0.5, −0.3, 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. Each simulation was run up to $t \gtrsim 100\, 000\, GM/c^3$ to ensure disc inflow equilibrium out to large radii. We find that the saturated magnetic flux level, and consequently also jet power, of MAD discs depends strongly on the black hole spin, confirming previous results. Prograde discs saturate at a much higher relative magnetic flux and have more powerful jets than their retrograde counterparts.more »
| 2022-09-27T09:05:58 |
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|
http://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=S067SDN
|
# Day-Night Asymmetry (${}^{8}\mathrm {B}$) INSPIRE search
$\mathit A$ = ($\phi _{{\mathrm {night}}}$ $−$ $\phi _{{\mathrm {day}}}$) $/$ $\phi _{{\mathrm {average}}}$
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT
$0.033$ $\pm0.010$ $\pm0.005$ 1
2016 C
SKAM SK combined; Based on ${{\mathit \phi}_{{ES}}}$
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$0.036$ $\pm0.016$ $\pm0.006$ 2
2016 C
SKAM SK-IV; Based on ${{\mathit \phi}_{{ES}}}$
$0.032$ $\pm0.011$ $\pm0.005$ 3
2014
SKAM Based on ${{\mathit \phi}_{{ES}}}$
$0.063$ $\pm0.042$ $\pm0.037$ 4
2008
SKAM Based on ${{\mathit \phi}_{{ES}}}$
$0.021$ $\pm0.020$ ${}^{+0.012}_{-0.013}$ 5
2006
SKAM Based on ${{\mathit \phi}_{{ES}}}$
$0.017$ $\pm0.016$ ${}^{+0.012}_{-0.013}$ 6
2006
SKAM Fitted in the LMA region
$-0.056$ $\pm0.074$ $\pm0.053$ 7
2005 A
SNO From salty SNO ${{\mathit \phi}_{{CC}}}$
$-0.037$ $\pm0.063$ $\pm0.032$ 7
2005 A
SNO From salty SNO ${{\mathit \phi}_{{CC}}}$; const. of no ${{\mathit \phi}_{{NC}}}$ asymmetry
$0.14$ $\pm0.063$ ${}^{+0.015}_{-0.014}$ 8
2002 B
SNO Derived from SNO ${{\mathit \phi}}_{\mathit CC}$
$0.07$ $\pm0.049$ ${}^{+0.013}_{-0.012}$ 9
2002 B
SNO Const. of no ${{\mathit \phi}}_{\mathit NC}$ asymmetry
1 ABE 2016C reports the combined day-night flux asymmetry results of the four phases of the Super-Kamiokande measurements. Amplitude fit method is used. See footnote to RENSHAW 2014 .
2 ABE 2016C reports the Super-Kamiokande-IV results for 1664 live days from September 2008 to February 2014. The analysis threshold for day-night flux asymmetry is recoil electron energy of 4.49 MeV (total electron energy of 5.0 MeV). Amplitude fit method is used. See footnote to RENSHAW 2014 .
3 RENSHAW 2014 obtains this result by using the "amplitude fit" introduced in SMY 2004 . The data from the Super-Kamiokande(SK)-I, -II, -III, and 1306 live days of the SK-IV measurements are used. The analysis threshold is recoil-electron kinetic energy of 4.5 MeV for SK-III, and SK-IV except for 250 live days in SK-III (6.0 MeV). The analysis threshold for SK-I and SK-II is the same as in the previous reports. (Note that in the previous SK solar-neutrino results, the analysis threshold is quoted as recoil-electron total energy.) This day-night asymmetry result is consistent with neutrino oscillations for $4 \times 10^{-5}$ eV${}^{2}$ $<$ $\Delta$m${}^{2}_{21}$ $<$ $7 \times 10^{-5}$ eV${}^{2}$ and large mixing values of $\theta _{12}$ at the 68$\%$ CL.
4 CRAVENS 2008 reports the Super-Kamiokande-II results for 791 live days from December 2002 to October 2005. The photocathode coverage of the detector is 19$\%$ (reduced from 40$\%$ of that of Super-Kamiokande-I due to an accident in 2001). The analysis threshold for the day and night fluxes is 7.5 MeV except for the first 159 live days (8.0 MeV).
5 HOSAKA 2006 reports the final results for 1496 live days with Super-Kamiokande-I between May 31, 1996 and July 15, 2001, and replace FUKUDA 2002 results. The analysis threshold is 5 MeV except for the first 280 live days (6.5 MeV).
6 This result with reduced statistical uncertainty is obtained by assuming two-neutrino oscillations within the LMA (large mixing angle) region and by fitting the time variation of the solar neutrino flux measured via ${{\mathit \nu}_{{e}}}$ elastic scattering to the variations expected from neutrino oscillations. For details, see SMY 2004 . There is an additional small systematic error of $\pm0.0004$ coming from uncertainty of oscillation parameters.
7 AHARMIM 2005A measurements were made with dissolved NaCl (0.195$\%$ by weight) in heavy water over the period between July 26, 2001 and August 28, 2003, with 176.5 days of the live time recorded during the day and 214.9 days during the night. This result is obtained with the spectral distribution of the CC events not constrained to the ${}^{8}\mathrm {B}$ shape.
8 AHMAD 2002B results are based on the charged-current interactions recorded between November 2, 1999 and May 28, 2001, with the day and night live times of 128.5 and 177.9 days, respectively. The complete description of the SNO Phase I data set is given in AHARMIM 2007 .
9 AHMAD 2002B results are derived from the charged-current interactions, neutral-current interactions, and ${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit e}}$ elastic scattering, with the total flux of active neutrinos constrained to have no asymmetry. The data were recorded between November 2, 1999 and May 28, 2001, with the day and night live times of 128.5 and 177.9 days, respectively. The complete description of the SNO Phase I data set is given in AHARMIM 2007 .
References:
ABE 2016C
PR D94 052010 Solar Neutrino Measurements in Super-Kamiokande-IV
RENSHAW 2014
PRL 112 091805 First Indication of Terrestrial Matter Effects on Solar Neutrino Oscillation
CRAVENS 2008
PR D78 032002 Solar Neutrino Measurements in Super-Kamiokande-II
HOSAKA 2006
PR D73 112001 Solar Neutrino Measurements in Super-Kamiokande-I
AHARMIM 2005A
PR C72 055502 Search for Periodicities in the ${}^{8}\mathrm {B}$ Solar Neutrino Flux Measured by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
PR C75 045502 Determination of the ${{\mathit \nu}_{{e}}}$ and Total ${}^{8}\mathrm {B}$ Solar Neutrino Fluxes using the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase I Data Set
| 2019-03-20T05:06:33 |
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|
https://docs.dea.ga.gov.au/notebooks/Frequently_used_code/Integrating_external_data.html
|
# Integrating external data from a CSV¶
• Compatability: Notebook currently compatible with both the NCI and DEA Sandbox environments
• Products used: ga_ls8c_ard_3
## Background¶
It is often useful to combine external data (e.g. from a CSV or other dataset) with data loaded from Digital Earth Australia. For example, we may want to combine data from a tide or river guage with satellite data to determine water levels at the exact moment each satellite observation was made. This can allow us to manipulate and extract satellite data and obtain additional insights using data from our external source.
## Description¶
This example notebook loads in a time series of external tide modelling data from a CSV, and combines it with satellite data loaded from Digital Earth Australia. This workflow could be applied to any external time series dataset (e.g. river guages, tide guagues, rainfall measurements etc). The notebook demonstrates how to:
1. Load a time series of Landsat 8 data
2. Load in external time series data from a CSV
3. Convert this data to an xarray.Dataset and link it to each satellite observation by interpolating values at each satellite timestep
4. Add this new data as a variable in our satellite dataset, and use this to filter satellite imagery to high and low tide imagery
5. Demonstrate how to swap dimensions between time and the new tide_height variable
## Getting started¶
To run this analysis, run all the cells in the notebook, starting with the “Load packages” cell.
[1]:
%matplotlib inline
import datacube
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
pd.plotting.register_matplotlib_converters()
### Connect to the datacube¶
[2]:
dc = datacube.Datacube(app='Integrating_external_data')
First we load in a year of Landsat 8 data. We will use Moreton Bay in Queensland for this demonstration, as we have a CSV of tide height data for this location that we wish to combine with satellite data. We load a single band nbart_nir which clearly differentiates between water (low values) and land (higher values). This will let us verify that we can use external tide data to identify low and high tide satellite observations.
[3]:
# Set up a location for the analysis
query = {
'x': (153.38, 153.42),
'y': (-27.63, -27.67),
'time': ('2015-01-01', '2015-12-31'),
'measurements': ['nbart_nir'],
'output_crs': 'EPSG:3577',
'resolution': (-30, 30)
}
# Load Landsat 8 data
ds = dc.load(product='ga_ls8c_ard_3', group_by='solar_day', **query)
print(ds)
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions: (time: 23, x: 154, y: 170)
Coordinates:
* time (time) datetime64[ns] 2015-01-11T23:42:10.081625 ... 2015-12-29T23:42:14.365276
* y (y) float64 -3.171e+06 -3.172e+06 ... -3.177e+06 -3.177e+06
* x (x) float64 2.074e+06 2.074e+06 2.074e+06 ... 2.078e+06 2.078e+06
Data variables:
nbart_nir (time, y, x) int16 6511 6509 6451 6434 ... 1976 1967 2150 2254
Attributes:
crs: EPSG:3577
## Integrating external data¶
### Load in a CSV of external data with timestamps¶
In the code below, we aim to take a CSV file of external data (in this case, half-hourly tide heights for a location in Moreton Bay, Queensland for a five year period between 2014 and 2018 generated using the OTPS TPXO8 tidal model), and link this data back to our satellite data timeseries.
We can load the existing tide height data using the pandas module which we imported earlier. The data has a column of time values, which we will set as the index column (roughly equivelent to a dimension in xarray).
[4]:
tide_data = pd.read_csv('../Supplementary_data/Integrating_external_data/moretonbay_-27.55_153.35_2014-2018_tides.csv',
parse_dates=['time'],
index_col='time')
[4]:
tide_height
time
2014-01-01 00:00:00 1.179
2014-01-01 00:30:00 1.012
2014-01-01 01:00:00 0.805
2014-01-01 01:30:00 0.569
2014-01-01 02:00:00 0.316
### Filtering by external data¶
Now that we have a new variable tide_height in our dataset, we can use xarray indexing methods to manipulate our data using tide heights (e.g. filter by tide to select low or high tide images):
[8]:
# Select a subset of low tide images (tide less than -0.6 m)
low_tide_ds = ds.sel(time = ds.tide_height < -0.60)
# Select a subset of high tide images (tide greater than 0.9 m)
high_tide_ds = ds.sel(time = ds.tide_height > 0.9)
We can plot an image from these subsets to verify that the satellite images were observed at low tide:
[9]:
low_tide_ds.isel(time=0).nbart_nir.plot(robust=True)
plt.title("Low tide")
plt.show()
And at high tide. Note that many tidal flat areas in the image above (blue-green) now appear inundated by water (dark blue/purple):
[10]:
high_tide_ds.isel(time=0).nbart_nir.plot(robust=True)
plt.title("High tide")
plt.show()
### Swapping dimensions based on external data¶
By default, xarray uses time as one of the main dimensions in the dataset (in addition to x and y). Now that we have a new tide_height variable, we can change this to be an actual dimension in the dataset in place of time. This enables additional more advanced operations, such as calculating rolling statistics or aggregating by tide_heights.
In the example below, you can see that the dataset now has three dimensions (tide_height, x and y). The dimension time is no longer a dimension in the dataset.
[11]:
print(ds.swap_dims({'time': 'tide_height'}))
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions: (tide_height: 23, x: 154, y: 170)
Coordinates:
time (tide_height) datetime64[ns] 2015-01-11T23:42:10.081625 ... 2015-12-29T23:42:14.365276
* y (y) float64 -3.171e+06 -3.172e+06 ... -3.177e+06 -3.177e+06
* x (x) float64 2.074e+06 2.074e+06 ... 2.078e+06 2.078e+06
* tide_height (tide_height) float64 0.02013 -0.2608 -0.2658 ... 1.007 0.4098
Data variables:
nbart_nir (tide_height, y, x) int16 6511 6509 6451 ... 1967 2150 2254
Attributes:
crs: EPSG:3577
Contact: If you need assistance, please post a question on the Open Data Cube Slack channel or on the GIS Stack Exchange using the open-data-cube tag (you can view previously asked questions here). If you would like to report an issue with this notebook, you can file one on Github.
Compatible datacube version:
[12]:
print(datacube.__version__)
1.7
## Tags¶
Browse all available tags on the DEA User Guide’s Tags Index
Tags: sandbox compatible, NCI compatible, time series analysis, landsat 8, external data, interpolation, indexing, swapping dimensions, csv, intertidal, tide modelling
| 2020-09-23T11:16:04 |
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|
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Combinatorics_and_Discrete_Mathematics/Book%3A_Elementary_Number_Theory_(Raji)/07%3A_Introduction_to_Analytic_Number_Theory/7.03%3A_Getting_Closer_to_the_Proof_of_the_Prime_Number_Theorem
|
# 7.3: Getting Closer to the Proof of the Prime Number Theorem
We know prove a theorem that is related to the defined functions above. Keep in mind that the prime number theorem is given as follows: $\lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\pi(x)logx}{x}=1.$ We now state equivalent forms of the prime number theorem.
The following relations are equivalent $\label{3} \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\pi(x)\log x}{x}=1$ $\label{4} \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \frac{\theta(x)}{x}= 1$ $\label{5} \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \frac{\psi(x)}{x}= 1.$
We have proved in Theorem 86 that $$(\ref{4})$$ and $$(\ref{5})$$ are equivalent, so if we show that $$(\ref{3})$$ and $$(\ref{4})$$ are equivalent, the proof will follow. Notice that using the integral representations of the functions in Theorem 85, we obtain $\frac{\theta(x)}{x}=\frac{\pi(x)\log x}{x}-\frac{1}{x}\int_ {2}^{x}\frac{\pi(t)}{t}dt$ and $\frac{\pi(x)\log x}{x}=\frac{\theta(x)}{x}+\frac{\log x}{x}\int_{2}^x\frac{\theta(t)}{t\log^2t}dt.$ Now to prove that ([3]) implies $$(\ref{4})$$, we need to prove that $\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{1}{x}\int_ {2}^{x}\frac{\pi(t)}{t}dt=0.$ Notice also that $$(\ref{3})$$ implies that $$\frac{\pi(t)}{t}=O\left(\frac{1}{\log t}\right)$$ for $$t\geq 2$$ and thus we have $\frac{1}{x}\int_ {2}^{x}\frac{\pi(t)}{t}dt=O\left(\frac{1}{x}\int_2^x\frac{dt}{\log t}\right)$ Now once you show that (Exercise 1) $\int_2^x\frac{dt}{\log t}\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\log 2}+\frac{x-\sqrt{x}}{\log \sqrt{x}},$ then $$(\ref{3})$$ implies $$(\ref{4})$$ will follow. We still need to show that $$(\ref{4})$$ implies $$(\ref{3})$$ and thus we have to show that $\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\log x}{x}\int_{2}^x \frac{\theta(t)dt}{t\log^2t}=0.$ Notice that $$\theta(x)=O(x)$$ and hence $\frac{\log x}{x}\int_{2}^x \frac{\theta(t)dt}{t\log^2t}=O\left(\frac{\log x}{x}\int_2^x\frac{dt}{\log^2t}\right).$ Now once again we show that (Exercise 2) $\int_2^x\frac{dt}{\log^2t}\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\log^22}+\frac{x-\sqrt{x}}{\log^2\sqrt{x}}$ then $$(\ref{4})$$ implies $$(\ref{3})$$ will follow.
Define $l_1=\liminf_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\pi(x)}{x/log x}, \ \ \ \ \ L_1=\limsup_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\pi(x)}{x/log x},$ $l_2=\liminf_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\theta(x)}{x}, \ \ \ \ \ L_2=\limsup_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\theta(x)}{x},$ and $l_3=\liminf_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\psi(x)}{x}, \ \ \ \ \ L_3=\limsup_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\psi(x)}{x},$ then $$l_1=l_2=l_3$$ and $$L_1=L_2=L_3$$.
Notice that $\psi(x)=\theta(x)+\theta(x^{1/2})+ \theta(x^{1/3})+...\theta(x^{1/m})\geq \theta(x)$ where $$m\leq log_2x$$
Also, $\psi(x)=\sum_{p\leq x}\left[\frac{\log x}{\log p}\right]\log p\leq \sum_{p\leq x}\frac{\log x}{\log p} \log p= \log x\pi(x).$ Thus we have $\theta(x)\leq \psi(x)\leq \pi(x)\log x$ As a result, we have $\frac{\theta(x)}{x}\leq \frac{\psi(x)}{x}\leq \frac{\pi(x)}{x/\log x}$ and we get that $$L_2\leq L_3\leq L_1$$. We still need to prove that $$L_1 \leq L_2$$.
Let $$\alpha$$ be a real number where $$0<\alpha<1$$, we have \begin{aligned} \theta(x)&=&\sum_{p\leq x}\log p\geq \sum_{x^{\alpha}\leq p\leq x}\log p\\ &>& \sum_{x^{\alpha}\leq p\leq x}\alpha \log x \ \ \ (\log p>\alpha \log x)\\ &=&\alpha log x\{\pi(x)-\pi(x^{\alpha})\}\end{aligned} However, $$\pi(x^{\alpha})\leq x^{\alpha}$$. Hence $\theta(x)>\alpha \log x\{\pi(x)-x^{\alpha}\}$ As a result, $\frac{\theta(x)}{x} > \frac{\alpha \pi(x)}{x/ \log x}- \alpha x^{\alpha-1}\log x$ Since $$\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\alpha \log x/x^{1-\alpha}=0$$, then $L_2\geq \alpha \limsup_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\pi(x)}{x/\log x}$ As a result, we get that $L_2\geq \alpha L_1$ As $$\alpha \rightarrow 1$$, we get $$L_2\geq L_1$$.
Proving that $$l_1=l_2=l_3$$ is left as an exercise.
We now present an inequality due to Chebyshev about $$\pi(x)$$.
There exist constants $$a<A$$ such that $a\frac{x}{\log x}<\pi(x)<A\frac{x}{\log x}$ for sufficiently large $$x$$.
Put $l=\liminf_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\pi(x)}{x/\log x}, \ \ \ \ \ L=\limsup_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\pi(x)}{x/\log x},$ It will be sufficient to prove that $$L\leq 4 \log 2$$ and $$l\geq \log 2$$. Thus by Theorem 2, we have to prove that $\label{1} \limsup_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\theta(x)}{x}\leq 4 \log 2$ and $\label{2} \liminf_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\psi(x)}{x}\geq \log 2$ To prove ($$\ref{1}$$), notice that $N=C(2n,n)=\frac{(n+1)(n+2)...(n+n)}{n!}<2^{2n}<(2n+1)N$ Suppose now that $$p$$ is a prime such that $$n<p<2n$$ and hence $$p\mid N$$. As a result, we have $$N \geq \prod_{n<p<2n}p$$. We get $N\geq \theta(2n)-\theta(n).$ Since $$N<2^{2n}$$, we get that $$\theta(2n)-\theta(n)<2n\log 2$$. Put $$n=1,2,2^2,...,2^{m-1}$$ where $$m$$ is a positive integer. We get that $\theta(2^m)<2^{m-1}\log 2.$ Let $$x>1$$ and choose $$m$$ such that $$2^{m-1}\leq x\leq 2^m$$, we get that $\theta(x)\leq \theta(2^m)\leq 2^{m+1}\log 2 \leq 4x\log 2$ and we get $$(\ref{1})$$ for all $$x$$.
We now prove $$(\ref{2})$$. Notice that by Lemma 9, we have that the highest power of a prime $$p$$ dividing $$N=\frac{(2n)!}{(n!)^2}$$ is given by $s_p=\sum_{i=1 1}^{\mu_p}\left\{\left[\frac{2n}{p^i}\right]-2\left[\frac{n}{p^i}\right]\right\}.$ where $$\mu_p=\left[\frac{\log 2n}{\log p}\right]$$. Thus we have $$N=\prod_{p\leq 2n}p^{s_p}$$. If $$x$$ is a positive integer then $[2x]-2[x]<2,$ It means that $$[2x]-2[x]$$ is $$0$$ or $$1$$. Thus $$s_p\leq \mu_p$$ and we get $N\leq \prod_{p\leq e2n}p^{\mu_p}.$ Notice as well that $\psi(2n)=\sum_{p\leq 2n}\left[\frac{\log 2n}{\log p}\right]\log p=\sum_{p\leq 2n}\mu_p \log p.$ Hence we get $\log N \leq \psi(2n).$ Using the fact that $$2^{2n}<(2n+1)N$$, we can see that $\psi(2n)>2n \log 2-\log (2n+1).$ Let $$x>2$$ and put $$n=\left[\frac{x}{2}\right]\geq 1$$. Thus $$\frac{x}{2}-1<n<\frac{x}{2}$$ and we get $$2n \leq x$$. So we get \begin{aligned} \psi(x)&\geq &\psi(2n)>2n \log 2- \log (2n+1)\\&>&(x-2)\log 2- \log (x+1).\end{aligned} As a result, we get $\liminf_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\psi(x)}{x}\geq \log 2.$
Exercises
1. Show that $$l_1=l_2=l_3$$ in Theorem 88.
2. Show that $\int_2^x\frac{dt}{\log t}\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\log 2}+\frac{x-\sqrt{x}}{\log \sqrt{x}},$
3. Show that $\int_2^x\frac{dt}{\log^2t}\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\log^22}+\frac{x-\sqrt{x}}{\log^2\sqrt{x}}$
4. Show that $N=C(2n,n)=\frac{(n+1)(n+2)...(n+n)}{n!}<2^{2n}<(2n+1)N$
5. Show that $$\frac{2^{2n}}{2\sqrt{n}}<N=C(2n,n)< \frac{2^{2n}}{\sqrt{2n}}$$.
Hint: For one side of the inequality, write $\frac{N}{2^n}=\frac{(2n)!}{2^{2n}(n!)^2}=\frac{1.3.5....(2n-1)}{2.4.6....(2n)}.\frac{2.4.6.....(2n)}{2.4.6...(2n)},$ then show that $1>(2n+1).\frac{N^2}{2^{4n}}>2n.\frac{N^2}{2^{4n}}.$ The other side of the inequality will follow with similar arithmetic techniques as the first inequality.
## Contributors
• Dr. Wissam Raji, Ph.D., of the American University in Beirut. His work was selected by the Saylor Foundation’s Open Textbook Challenge for public release under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
| 2020-04-01T22:27:51 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349767-particle-reacceleration-turbulence-radio-constraints-multimessenger-high-energy-emission-from-coma-cluster
|
Particle Reacceleration by Turbulence and Radio Constraints on Multimessenger High-energy Emission from the Coma Cluster
Abstract Galaxy clusters are considered to be gigantic reservoirs of cosmic rays (CRs). Some of the clusters are found with extended radio emission, which provides evidence for the existence of magnetic fields and CR electrons in the intra-cluster medium. The mechanism of radio halo (RH) emission is still under debate, and it has been believed that turbulent reacceleration plays an important role. In this paper, we study the reacceleration of CR protons and electrons in detail by numerically solving the Fokker–Planck equation, and show how radio and gamma-ray observations can be used to constrain CR distributions and resulting high-energy emission for the Coma cluster. We take into account the radial diffusion of CRs and follow the time evolution of their one-dimensional distribution, by which we investigate the radial profile of the CR injection that is consistent with the observed RH surface brightness. We find that the required injection profile is nontrivial, depending on whether CR electrons have a primary or secondary origin. Although the secondary CR electron scenario predicts larger gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes, it is in tension with the observed RH spectrum for hard injection indexes, α < 2.45. This tension is relaxed if the turbulent diffusion of CRs more »
Authors:
; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10349767
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Volume:
922
Issue:
2
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
190
ISSN:
0004-637X
We present the first simulations evolving resolved spectra of cosmic rays (CRs) from MeV–TeV energies (including electrons, positrons, (anti)protons, and heavier nuclei), in live kinetic-magnetohydrodynamics galaxy simulations with star formation and feedback. We utilize new numerical methods including terms often neglected in historical models, comparing Milky Way analogues with phenomenological scattering coefficients ν to Solar-neighbourhood [Local interstellar medium (LISM)] observations (spectra, B/C, e+/e−, $\mathrm{\bar{p}}/\mathrm{p}$, 10Be/9Be, ionization, and γ-rays). We show it is possible to reproduce observations with simple single-power-law injection and scattering coefficients (scaling with rigidity R), similar to previous (non-dynamical) calculations. We also find: (1) The circumgalactic medium in realistic galaxies necessarily imposes an $\sim 10\,$ kpc CR scattering halo, influencing the required ν(R). (2) Increasing the normalization of ν(R) re-normalizes CR secondary spectra but also changes primary spectral slopes, owing to source distribution and loss effects. (3) Diffusive/turbulent reacceleration is unimportant and generally sub-dominant to gyroresonant/streaming losses, which are sub-dominant to adiabatic/convective terms dominated by $\sim 0.1-1\,$ kpc turbulent/fountain motions. (4) CR spectra vary considerably across galaxies; certain features can arise from local structure rather than transport physics. (5) Systematic variation in CR ionization rates between LISM and molecular clouds (or Galactic position) arises naturally without invoking alternativemore »
3. ABSTRACT We present and study a large suite of high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations, using the FIRE-2 treatment of mechanical and radiative feedback from massive stars, together with explicit treatment of magnetic fields, anisotropic conduction and viscosity (accounting for saturation and limitation by plasma instabilities at high β), and cosmic rays (CRs) injected in supernovae shocks (including anisotropic diffusion, streaming, adiabatic, hadronic and Coulomb losses). We survey systems from ultrafaint dwarf ($M_{\ast }\sim 10^{4}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, $M_{\rm halo}\sim 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) through Milky Way/Local Group (MW/LG) masses, systematically vary uncertain CR parameters (e.g. the diffusion coefficient κ and streaming velocity), and study a broad ensemble of galaxy properties [masses, star formation (SF) histories, mass profiles, phase structure, morphologies, etc.]. We confirm previous conclusions that magnetic fields, conduction, and viscosity on resolved ($\gtrsim 1\,$ pc) scales have only small effects on bulk galaxy properties. CRs have relatively weak effects on all galaxy properties studied in dwarfs ($M_{\ast } \ll 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, $M_{\rm halo} \lesssim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$), or at high redshifts (z ≳ 1–2), for any physically reasonable parameters. However, at higher masses ($M_{\rm halo} \gtrsim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) and z ≲ 1–2, CRs can suppress SF and stellar masses by factorsmore »
| 2022-12-07T13:48:59 |
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|
https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Asmillie.john
|
# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Smillie, John
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: smillie.john Published as: Smillie, J.; Smillie, John External Links: MGP · Wikidata
Documents Indexed: 53 Publications since 1977, including 1 Book
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
9 single-authored 16 Bedford, Eric 5 Batterson, Steve 5 Masur, Howard A. 5 Weiss, Barak 4 Vogtmann, Karen 3 Lyubich, Mikhail Yur’evich 2 Calta, Kariane 2 Dani, Shrikrishna Gopalrao 2 Kerckhoff, Steven P. 2 Ulcigrai, Corinna 1 Bunimovich, Leonid Abramovich 1 Dobrushin, Roland Lvovich 1 Forni, Giovanni 1 Ishii, Yutaka 1 Kenyon, Richard W. 1 Kornfel’d, I. P. 1 Maslova, Nina Borisovna 1 Pesin, Yakov Borisovich 1 Petersen, Carsten Lunde 1 Schleicher, Dierk 1 Sinaĭ, Yakov Grigor’evich 1 Suhov, Yurii Mikhailovich 1 Ueda, Tetsuo 1 Vershik, Anatoliĭ Moiseevich 1 Yakobson, M. V.
all top 5
#### Serials
6 Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 5 Inventiones Mathematicae 4 Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 4 Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 3 American Journal of Mathematics 2 Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 2 Journal of Modern Dynamics 1 Communications in Mathematical Physics 1 Israel Journal of Mathematics 1 Mathematics of Computation 1 Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure. Quatrième Série 1 Duke Mathematical Journal 1 Indiana University Mathematics Journal 1 Mathematische Annalen 1 Michigan Mathematical Journal 1 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1 Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Third Series 1 SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 1 Applied Mathematics Letters 1 Journal of the American Mathematical Society 1 The Journal of Geometric Analysis 1 SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 1 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. New Series 1 Oberwolfach Reports
all top 5
#### Fields
40 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 12 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 10 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX) 6 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 4 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 3 Number theory (11-XX) 3 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 3 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 2 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 2 Combinatorics (05-XX) 2 Differential geometry (53-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 1 Measure and integration (28-XX) 1 Potential theory (31-XX) 1 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 1 Abstract harmonic analysis (43-XX) 1 General topology (54-XX) 1 Algebraic topology (55-XX) 1 Computer science (68-XX) 1 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 1 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH
49 Publications have been cited 918 times in 567 Documents Cited by Year
Ergodicity of billiard flows and quadratic differentials. Zbl 0637.58010
Kerckhoff, Steven; Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1986
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $${\mathbb C}^2$$: Currents, equilibrium measure and hyperbolicity. Zbl 0721.58037
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1991
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. IV: The measure of maximal entropy and laminar currents. Zbl 0792.58034
Bedford, Eric; Lyubich, Mikhail; Smillie, John
1993
Billiards on rational-angled triangles. Zbl 0967.37019
Kenyon, Richard; Smillie, John
2000
Hausdorff dimension of sets of nonergodic measured foliations. Zbl 0774.58024
Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1991
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. III: Ergodicity, exponents and entropy of the equilibrium measure. Zbl 0765.58013
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1992
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. II: Stable manifolds and recurrence. Zbl 0744.58068
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1991
Uniform distribution of horocycle orbits for Fuchsian groups. Zbl 0547.20042
Dani, S. G.; Smillie, John
1984
Quadratic differentials with prescribed singularities and pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphisms. Zbl 0792.30030
Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1993
Competitive and cooperative tridiagonal systems of differential equations. Zbl 0546.34007
Smillie, John
1984
Distribution of periodic points of polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. Zbl 0799.58039
Bedford, Eric; Lyubich, Mikhail; Smillie, John
1993
Characterizations of lattice surfaces. Zbl 1195.57041
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2010
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^2$$. VI: Connectivity of $$J$$. Zbl 0916.58022
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1998
Real polynomial diffeomorphisms with maximal entropy: tangencies. Zbl 1084.37034
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2004
Minimal sets for flows on moduli space. Zbl 1052.37025
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2004
Real polynomial diffeomorphisms with maximal entropy. II: Small Jacobian. Zbl 1135.37015
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2006
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^2$$. VII: Hyperbolicity and external rays. Zbl 0952.37008
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1999
The entropy of polynomial diffeomorphisms of $${\mathbb{C}}^ 2$$. Zbl 0695.58023
Smillie, John
1990
A generating function for the Euler characteristic of $$Out(F_ n)$$. Zbl 0616.20009
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1987
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $${\mathbb{C}}^2$$. V: Critical points and Lyapunov exponents. Zbl 1004.37027
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1998
Beyond Sturmian sequences: coding linear trajectories in the regular octagon. Zbl 1230.37021
Smillie, John; Ulcigrai, Corinna
2011
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb C^2$$. VIII: Quasi-expansion. Zbl 1004.37028
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2002
Flat manifolds with non-zero Euler characteristics. Zbl 0357.53021
Smillie, John
1977
Fatou-Bieberbach domains arising form polynomial automorphisms. Zbl 0739.32027
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1991
Rayleigh quotient iteration for nonsymmetric matrices. Zbl 0701.65027
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1990
Ishii, Yutaka; Smillie, John
2010
Algebraically periodic translation surfaces. Zbl 1151.57015
Calta, Kariane; Smillie, John
2008
The dynamics of billiard flows in rational polygons of dynamical systems. Zbl 1323.37002
Smillie, J.
2000
The dynamics of Rayleigh quotient iteration. Zbl 0669.65028
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1989
An obstruction to the existence of affine structures. Zbl 0485.57015
Smillie, John
1981
Semi-parabolic bifurcations in complex dimension two. Zbl 1365.37044
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John; Ueda, Tetsuo
2017
Dynamical systems, ergodic theory and applications. Edited by Ya. G. Sinai. Transl. from the Russian. 2nd, expanded and rev. ed. Zbl 1100.00500
Bunimovich, L. A.; Dani, S. G.; Dobrushin, R. L.; Jakobson, M. V.; Kornfeld, I. P.; Maslova, N. B.; Pesin, Ya. B.; Sinai, Ya. G.; Smillie, J.; Sukhov, Yu. M.; Vershik, A. M.
2000
Automorphisms of graphs, p-subgroups of $$Out(F_ n)$$ and the Euler characteristic of $$Out(F_ n)$$. Zbl 0641.20029
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1987
Veech’s dichotomy and the lattice property. Zbl 1163.37010
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2008
Finiteness results for flat surfaces: a survey and problem list. Zbl 1151.57020
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2007
The Hénon family: the complex horseshoe locus and real parameter space. Zbl 1207.37029
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2006
External rays in the dynamics of polynomial automorphisms of $$C^2$$. Zbl 0922.58067
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1999
Geodesic flow on the Teichmüller disk of the regular octagon cutting sequences and octagon continued fractions maps. Zbl 1222.37012
Smillie, John; Ulcigrai, Corinna
2010
Length functions and outer space. Zbl 0773.05058
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1992
A symbolic characterization of the horseshoe locus in the Hénon family. Zbl 1377.37071
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2017
Rayleigh quotient iteration fails for nonsymmetric matrices. Zbl 0706.65037
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1989
Periodic points of surface homeomorphisms with zero entropy. Zbl 0536.58026
Smillie, John
1983
A rational billiard flow is uniquely ergodic in almost every direction. Zbl 0574.58020
Kerckhoff, Steven; Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1985
Dynamics in two complex dimensions. Zbl 1136.37341
Smillie, J.
2002
Complex dynamics in several variables. Zbl 0931.37014
Smillie, John
1997
Automorphisms of $$SL_ 2$$ of imaginary quadratic integers. Zbl 0733.20026
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1991
Properties of the directional entropy function for cellular automata. Zbl 0676.68024
Smillie, John
1988
Filtrations and periodic data on surfaces. Zbl 0609.58021
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1986
Smale diffeomorphisms and surface topology. Zbl 0603.58026
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1985
Semi-parabolic bifurcations in complex dimension two. Zbl 1365.37044
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John; Ueda, Tetsuo
2017
A symbolic characterization of the horseshoe locus in the Hénon family. Zbl 1377.37071
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2017
Beyond Sturmian sequences: coding linear trajectories in the regular octagon. Zbl 1230.37021
Smillie, John; Ulcigrai, Corinna
2011
Characterizations of lattice surfaces. Zbl 1195.57041
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2010
Ishii, Yutaka; Smillie, John
2010
Geodesic flow on the Teichmüller disk of the regular octagon cutting sequences and octagon continued fractions maps. Zbl 1222.37012
Smillie, John; Ulcigrai, Corinna
2010
Algebraically periodic translation surfaces. Zbl 1151.57015
Calta, Kariane; Smillie, John
2008
Veech’s dichotomy and the lattice property. Zbl 1163.37010
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2008
Finiteness results for flat surfaces: a survey and problem list. Zbl 1151.57020
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2007
Real polynomial diffeomorphisms with maximal entropy. II: Small Jacobian. Zbl 1135.37015
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2006
The Hénon family: the complex horseshoe locus and real parameter space. Zbl 1207.37029
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2006
Real polynomial diffeomorphisms with maximal entropy: tangencies. Zbl 1084.37034
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2004
Minimal sets for flows on moduli space. Zbl 1052.37025
Smillie, John; Weiss, Barak
2004
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb C^2$$. VIII: Quasi-expansion. Zbl 1004.37028
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
2002
Dynamics in two complex dimensions. Zbl 1136.37341
Smillie, J.
2002
Billiards on rational-angled triangles. Zbl 0967.37019
Kenyon, Richard; Smillie, John
2000
The dynamics of billiard flows in rational polygons of dynamical systems. Zbl 1323.37002
Smillie, J.
2000
Dynamical systems, ergodic theory and applications. Edited by Ya. G. Sinai. Transl. from the Russian. 2nd, expanded and rev. ed. Zbl 1100.00500
Bunimovich, L. A.; Dani, S. G.; Dobrushin, R. L.; Jakobson, M. V.; Kornfeld, I. P.; Maslova, N. B.; Pesin, Ya. B.; Sinai, Ya. G.; Smillie, J.; Sukhov, Yu. M.; Vershik, A. M.
2000
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^2$$. VII: Hyperbolicity and external rays. Zbl 0952.37008
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1999
External rays in the dynamics of polynomial automorphisms of $$C^2$$. Zbl 0922.58067
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1999
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^2$$. VI: Connectivity of $$J$$. Zbl 0916.58022
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1998
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $${\mathbb{C}}^2$$. V: Critical points and Lyapunov exponents. Zbl 1004.37027
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1998
Complex dynamics in several variables. Zbl 0931.37014
Smillie, John
1997
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. IV: The measure of maximal entropy and laminar currents. Zbl 0792.58034
Bedford, Eric; Lyubich, Mikhail; Smillie, John
1993
Quadratic differentials with prescribed singularities and pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphisms. Zbl 0792.30030
Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1993
Distribution of periodic points of polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. Zbl 0799.58039
Bedford, Eric; Lyubich, Mikhail; Smillie, John
1993
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. III: Ergodicity, exponents and entropy of the equilibrium measure. Zbl 0765.58013
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1992
Length functions and outer space. Zbl 0773.05058
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1992
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $${\mathbb C}^2$$: Currents, equilibrium measure and hyperbolicity. Zbl 0721.58037
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1991
Hausdorff dimension of sets of nonergodic measured foliations. Zbl 0774.58024
Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1991
Polynomial diffeomorphisms of $$\mathbb{C}^ 2$$. II: Stable manifolds and recurrence. Zbl 0744.58068
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1991
Fatou-Bieberbach domains arising form polynomial automorphisms. Zbl 0739.32027
Bedford, Eric; Smillie, John
1991
Automorphisms of $$SL_ 2$$ of imaginary quadratic integers. Zbl 0733.20026
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1991
The entropy of polynomial diffeomorphisms of $${\mathbb{C}}^ 2$$. Zbl 0695.58023
Smillie, John
1990
Rayleigh quotient iteration for nonsymmetric matrices. Zbl 0701.65027
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1990
The dynamics of Rayleigh quotient iteration. Zbl 0669.65028
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1989
Rayleigh quotient iteration fails for nonsymmetric matrices. Zbl 0706.65037
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1989
Properties of the directional entropy function for cellular automata. Zbl 0676.68024
Smillie, John
1988
A generating function for the Euler characteristic of $$Out(F_ n)$$. Zbl 0616.20009
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1987
Automorphisms of graphs, p-subgroups of $$Out(F_ n)$$ and the Euler characteristic of $$Out(F_ n)$$. Zbl 0641.20029
Smillie, John; Vogtmann, Karen
1987
Ergodicity of billiard flows and quadratic differentials. Zbl 0637.58010
Kerckhoff, Steven; Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1986
Filtrations and periodic data on surfaces. Zbl 0609.58021
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1986
A rational billiard flow is uniquely ergodic in almost every direction. Zbl 0574.58020
Kerckhoff, Steven; Masur, Howard; Smillie, John
1985
Smale diffeomorphisms and surface topology. Zbl 0603.58026
Batterson, Steve; Smillie, John
1985
Uniform distribution of horocycle orbits for Fuchsian groups. Zbl 0547.20042
Dani, S. G.; Smillie, John
1984
Competitive and cooperative tridiagonal systems of differential equations. Zbl 0546.34007
Smillie, John
1984
Periodic points of surface homeomorphisms with zero entropy. Zbl 0536.58026
Smillie, John
1983
An obstruction to the existence of affine structures. Zbl 0485.57015
Smillie, John
1981
Flat manifolds with non-zero Euler characteristics. Zbl 0357.53021
Smillie, John
1977
all top 5
#### Cited by 550 Authors
17 Hubert, Pascal 16 Tien Cuong Dinh 14 Sibony, Nessim 14 Smillie, John 12 Schmidt, Thomas A. 11 Bedford, Eric 10 Dujardin, Romain 10 Masur, Howard A. 9 Wright, Alex 8 Nguyen, Duc-Manh 8 Peters, Han 7 Chaika, Jonathan 7 Fornæss, John Erik 7 Gutkin, Eugene 7 Möller, Martin 7 Vogtmann, Karen 6 Athreya, Jayadev S. 6 de Thélin, Henry 6 Diller, Jeffrey 6 Ishii, Yutaka 6 Lyubich, Mikhail Yur’evich 6 McMullen, Curtis Tracy 6 Takahasi, Hiroki 6 Weiss, Barak 5 Bera, Sayani 5 Cantat, Serge 5 Cheung, Yitwah 5 Eskin, Alex 5 Guedj, Vincent 5 Hooper, W. Patrick 5 Lanneau, Erwan 5 Leininger, Christopher J. 5 Matheus, Carlos 5 Pal, Ratna 5 Sarig, Omri M. 5 Shah, Nimish A. 5 Tanase, Raluca 5 Troubetzkoy, Serge Eugene 5 Ulcigrai, Corinna 5 Wolf, Christian 4 Aulicino, David 4 Favre, Charles 4 Forni, Giovanni 4 Goldman, William M. 4 Hirsch, Morris W. 4 Jensen, Craig A. 4 Jonsson, Mattias 4 Mirzakhani, Maryam 4 Radu, Remus 4 Ratner, Marina 4 Sontag, Eduardo D. 4 Treviño, Rodrigo 4 Verma, Kaushal 4 Yessen, William N. 3 Absil, Pierre-Antoine 3 Angeli, David 3 Arai, Zin 3 Avila Cordeiro de Melo, Artur 3 Bainbridge, Matt 3 Batterson, Steve 3 Bonnot, Sylvain 3 Bucher, Michelle 3 Calta, Kariane 3 Damanik, David 3 Déserti, Julie 3 Filip, Simion 3 Frączek, Krzysztof Marek 3 Gaivão, José Pedro 3 Gelander, Tsachik 3 Judge, Christopher M. 3 Kapovich, Ilya 3 Kim, Kyounghee 3 Lamy, Stéphane 3 Ledrappier, François 3 Lelièvre, Samuel 3 Marchese, Luca 3 Margaliot, Michael 3 Margulis, Grigoriĭ Aleksandrovich 3 Messaoudi, Ali 3 Mukamel, Ronen Eliahu 3 Pfaff, Catherine 3 Porfiri, Maurizio 3 Rafi, Kasra 3 Roeder, Roland K. W. 3 Sepe, Daniele 3 Wang, Yi 3 Wold, Erlend Fornæss 3 Wu, Shengjian 3 Yoccoz, Jean-Christophe 3 Zhong, Yumin 3 Zorich, Anton 2 Ahmad, Shair 2 Ahn, Taeyong 2 Antonakoudis, Stergios M. 2 Arnoux, Pierre 2 Artigue, Alfonso 2 Bankovic, Anja 2 Bayraktar, Turgay 2 Bektešević, Jasmin 2 Belykh, Igor V. ...and 450 more Authors
all top 5
#### Cited in 152 Serials
32 Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 23 Inventiones Mathematicae 22 Duke Mathematical Journal 20 Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA 18 Journal of Modern Dynamics 17 Mathematische Annalen 17 The Journal of Geometric Analysis 15 Geometriae Dedicata 14 Annales de l’Institut Fourier 14 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 13 Israel Journal of Mathematics 12 Communications in Mathematical Physics 11 Advances in Mathematics 11 Geometry & Topology 10 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 9 Conformal Geometry and Dynamics 8 Acta Mathematica 8 Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 8 Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 7 Publications Mathématiques 7 Journal of Differential Equations 7 Physica D 7 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. New Series 7 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 7 Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) 7 Algebraic & Geometric Topology 6 Journal of the American Mathematical Society 5 Journal of Statistical Physics 5 International Journal of Mathematics 5 Dynamical Systems 4 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 4 Journal of Mathematical Physics 4 Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure. Quatrième Série 4 Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 4 Journal of Algebra 4 Mathematische Zeitschrift 4 Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations 4 International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering 4 Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse. Mathématiques. Série VI 4 Experimental Mathematics 4 Comptes Rendus. Mathématique. Académie des Sciences, Paris 3 Journal d’Analyse Mathématique 3 Journal of Geometry and Physics 3 Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France 3 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 3 Journal of Functional Analysis 3 Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 3 Topology and its Applications 3 Systems & Control Letters 3 Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série 3 Linear Algebra and its Applications 3 Chaos 3 Nonlinear Analysis. Real World Applications 3 SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems 2 Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 2 Nonlinearity 2 Automatica 2 Indiana University Mathematics Journal 2 Mathematika 2 Michigan Mathematical Journal 2 Numerische Mathematik 2 Discrete & Computational Geometry 2 Acta Mathematica Sinica. New Series 2 Electronic Research Announcements of the American Mathematical Society 2 Documenta Mathematica 2 Regular and Chaotic Dynamics 2 Journal of High Energy Physics 2 Foundations of Computational Mathematics 2 Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society. New Series 2 Advances in Difference Equations 2 Science China. Mathematics 2 Journal of Spectral Theory 2 Complex Analysis and its Synergies 2 Arnold Mathematical Journal 1 International Journal of Theoretical Physics 1 Letters in Mathematical Physics 1 Mathematical Biosciences 1 Mathematical Notes 1 Nuclear Physics. B 1 Physica A 1 Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 1 Arkiv för Matematik 1 Mathematics of Computation 1 Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 1 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta 1 Annales Polonici Mathematici 1 Applied Mathematics and Computation 1 Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae 1 Computing 1 Glasgow Mathematical Journal 1 Illinois Journal of Mathematics 1 Journal of Approximation Theory 1 Journal of Differential Geometry 1 Journal of the London Mathematical Society. Second Series 1 Manuscripta Mathematica 1 Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society 1 Osaka Journal of Mathematics 1 Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University 1 Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico della Università di Padova 1 Chinese Annals of Mathematics. Series B ...and 52 more Serials
all top 5
#### Cited in 46 Fields
368 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 192 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 107 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 77 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX) 44 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 43 Algebraic geometry (14-XX) 40 Number theory (11-XX) 31 Differential geometry (53-XX) 23 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 22 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 22 Measure and integration (28-XX) 20 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 15 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 11 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 10 Combinatorics (05-XX) 10 General topology (54-XX) 10 Quantum theory (81-XX) 10 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 9 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 8 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 8 Geometry (51-XX) 8 Algebraic topology (55-XX) 8 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 8 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 7 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 7 Operator theory (47-XX) 6 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 4 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 4 Nonassociative rings and algebras (17-XX) 4 Potential theory (31-XX) 4 Computer science (68-XX) 3 History and biography (01-XX) 3 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 2 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX) 2 Abstract harmonic analysis (43-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Functional analysis (46-XX) 1 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 1 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 1 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX) 1 Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX) 1 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 1 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata.
| 2021-02-27T16:46:19 |
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|
https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GDR3/Gaia_archive/chap_datamodel/sec_dm_spectroscopic_tables/ssec_dm_xp_sampled_mean_spectrum.html
|
# 20.12.4 xp_sampled_mean_spectrum
This is the BP/RP externally calibrated sampled mean spectrum. All mean spectra are sampled to the same set of absolute wavelength positions, viz. 343 values from 336 to 1020 nm with a step of 2 nm.
Note this table is not available through the main archive TAP interface. Data are delivered via the Massive Data service indexed by the VO Datalink protocol and described in Chapter 18. For example this can be actioned in the archive user interface by querying the main source catalogue gaia_source and selecting has_xp_sampled = 't'.
Columns description:
source_id : Unique source identifier (unique within a particular Data Release) (long)
A unique single numerical identifier of the source obtained from gaia_source (for a detailed description see gaia_source.source_id).
solution_id : Solution Identifier (long)
All Gaia data processed by the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium comes tagged with a solution identifier. This is a numeric field attached to each table row that can be used to unequivocally identify the version of all the subsystems that were used in the generation of the data as well as the input data used. It is mainly for internal DPAC use but is included in the published data releases to enable end users to examine the provenance of processed data products. To decode a given solution ID visit https://gaia.esac.esa.int/decoder/solnDecoder.jsp
ra : Right Ascension (double, Angle[deg])
Barycentric Right Ascension $\alpha$ of object in ICRS at reference epoch ref_epoch as given in the main gaia_source table.
dec : Declination (double, Angle[deg])
Barycentric Declination $\delta$ of object in ICRS at reference epoch ref_epoch as given in the main gaia_source table.
flux : mean BP + RP combined spectrum flux (float[] array, Flux[W m${}^{-2}$ nm${}^{-1}$])
Externally-calibrated combined BP and RP flux.
flux_error : mean BP + RP combined spectrum flux error (float[] array, Flux[W m${}^{-2}$ nm${}^{-1}$])
Externally-calibrated combined BP and RP flux error.
| 2023-01-29T21:45:00 |
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|
https://www.philosophicalprogress.org/t/language
|
1. 474887.966809
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. <www.philosophersimprint.org/018015/> (1974) and Michael Glanzberg (2001, 2004a), the Liar sentence λ (asserting that λ does not express a true proposition) doesn’t express a true proposition in the initial context of reasoning c, but expresses a true one in a new, richer context c , where more propositions are available for expression. On the further assumption that Liar sentences involve propositional quantifiers whose domains may vary with context, the Liar reasoning is blocked. But why should context shift? We argue that the paradox involves principles of contextualist reflection that explain, by analogy with well-known reflection principles for arithmetic, why context must shift from c to c in the course of the Liar reasoning. This provides a diagnosis of the Liar Paradox—one that equally applies to two revenge arguments against contextualist approaches, one recently advanced by Andrew Bacon (2015), the other mentioned by Charles Parsons (1974) and more recently revived by Cory Juhl (1997).
Found 5 days, 11 hours ago on Philosopher's Imprint
2. 610689.966885
It is widely supposed that if there is to be a plausible connection between the truth of a de re attitude report about a subject and that subject’s possession of a singular thought, then ‘acquaintance’-style requirements on singular thought must be rejected. I show that this belief rests on poorly motivated claims about how we talk about the attitudes. I offer a framework for propositional attitude reports which provides both attractive solutions to recalcitrant puzzle cases and the key to preserving acquaintance constraints. The upshot is that there is an independently motivated response to the principal argument against acquaintance.
Found 1 week ago on PhilPapers
3. 779984.966939
I’d like to discuss the issue of error and error propagation in the constructions of classical geometry. How sensitive are the familiar classical constructions to small errors in the use of the straightedge or compass? …
Found 1 week, 2 days ago on Joel David Hamkins's blog
4. 1016406.966968
[S]peaking of this very thing, justice, are we to affirm thus without qualification that it is truth-telling and paying back what one has received from anyone, or may these very actions sometimes be just and sometimes unjust? …
Found 1 week, 4 days ago on Eric Schliesser's blog
5. 1063713.967002
On standard views, logic has as one of its goals to characterize (and give us practical means to tell apart) a peculiar set of truths, the logical truths, of which the following English sentences are paradigmatic examples: (1) If death is bad only if life is good, and death is bad, then life is good. (2) If no desire is voluntary and some beliefs are desires, then some beliefs are not voluntary. (3) If Drasha is a cat and all cats are mysterious, then Drasha is mysterious. As it turns out, it is very hard to think of universally accepted ideas about what the generic properties of logical truths are or should be.
Found 1 week, 5 days ago on Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6. 1239755.967036
Temporal reasoning with conditionals is more complex than both classical temporal reasoning and reasoning with timeless conditionals, and can lead to some rather counter-intuitive conclusions. For instance, Aristotle’s famous “Sea Battle Tomorrow” puzzle leads to a fatalistic conclusion: whether there will be a sea battle tomorrow or not, but that is necessarily the case now. We propose a branching-time logic LTC to formalise reasoning about temporal conditionals and provide that logic with adequate formal semantics. The logic LTC extends the Nexttime fragment of CTL , with operators for model updates, restricting the domain to only future moments where antecedent is still possible to satisfy. We provide formal semantics for these operators that implements the restrictor interpretation of antecedents of temporalized conditionals, by suitably restricting the domain of discourse. As a motivating example, we demonstrate that a naturally formalised in our logic version of the ‘Sea Battle’ argument renders it unsound, thereby providing a solution to the problem with fatalist conclusion that it entails, because its underlying reasoning per cases argument no longer applies when these cases are treated not as material implications but as temporal conditionals. On the technical side, we analyze the semantics of LTC and provide a series of reductions of LTC-formulae, first recursively eliminating the dynamic update operators and then the path quantifiers in such formulae. Using these reductions we obtain a sound and complete axiomatization for LTC, and reduce its decision problem to that of the modal logic KD.
Found 2 weeks ago on Valentin Goranko's site
7. 1362100.967082
Help! Well, it’s not back to square one, but it is time to radically re-think plans for the shape of the book (and what will go into it, and what will survive as online supplements). Let me explain the practical problem — as all thoughts and comments will be gratefully received. …
Found 2 weeks, 1 day ago on Peter Smith's blog
8. 1528383.967119
According to the kind of open futurist at issue, both of these claims may well fail to be true. According to many, however, the disjunction of these claims can be represented as p ∨ ~p – that is, as an instance of LEM. And if this is so, the open futurist is plainly in a difficult position. She must either deny LEM outright, or instead maintain that a disjunction can be true without either of its disjuncts being true. And whereas open futurists have defended both such options with considerable care and ingenuity, both are also faced with substantial costs.
Found 2 weeks, 3 days ago on PhilPapers
9. 1574780.967153
In “Must …stay …strong!” (von Fintel & Gillies 2010) we set out to slay a dragon, or rather what we called The Mantra: that epistemic must has a modal force weaker than expected from standard modal logic, that it doesn’t entail its prejacent, and that the best explanation for the evidential feel of must is a pragmatic explanation. We argued that all three sub-mantras are wrong and offered an explanation according to which must is strong, entailing, and the felt indirectness is the product of an evidential presupposition carried by epistemic modals. Mantras being what they are, it is no surprise that each of the sub-mantras have been given new defenses. Here we offer them new problems and update our picture, concluding that must is (still) strong.
Found 2 weeks, 4 days ago on Anthony Gillies's site
10. 1587348.967185
I provide an analysis of sentences of the form ‘To be F is to be G’ in terms of exact truth-maker semantics—an approach that identifies the meanings of sentences with the states of the world directly responsible for their truth-values. Roughly, I argue that these sentences hold just in case that which makes something F is that which makes it G. This approach is hyperintensional, and possesses desirable logical and modal features. These sentences are reflexive, transitive and symmetric, and, if they are true, then they are necessarily true, and it is necessary that all and only F s are Gs. I integrate this account with the λ-calculus and argue that analysis is preserved through β-conversion. I briefly discuss how this account might be extended to analyses of singular terms, and close by defining an asymmetric and irreflexive notion of analysis in terms of the reflexive and symmetric one.
Found 2 weeks, 4 days ago on PhilPapers
11. 1685241.967219
Recent work on logical pluralism has suggested that the view is in danger of collapsing into logical nihilism, the view on which there are no valid arguments at all. The goal of the present paper is to argue that the prospects for resisting such a collapse vary quite considerably with one’s account of logical consequence. The first section will lay out four varieties of logical consequence, beginning with the approaches Etchemendy (1999) called interpretational and representational, and then adding a Quinean substitutional approach as well as the more recent universalist account given in Williamson (2013, 2017). The second section recounts how the threat of logical nihilism arises in the debate over logical pluralism. The third and final section looks at the ways the rival accounts of logical consequence are better or worse placed to resist the threat.
Found 2 weeks, 5 days ago on Gillian Russell's site
12. 1687599.967253
This paper evaluates the argument for the contradictoriness of unity, that begins Priest’s recent book One. The argument is seen to fail because it does not adequately differentiate between different forms of unity. This diagnosis of the argument’s failure is used as a basis for two consistent accounts of unity. The paper concludes by arguing that reality contains two absolutely fundamental and unanalysable forms of unity, which are in principle presupposed by any theory of anything. These fundamental forms of unity are closely related to the unity of propositions and facts.
Found 2 weeks, 5 days ago on Nicholas K Jones's site
13. 1693687.967287
Particular topics of conversation seem to be inaccessible to speakers who lack an insider’s view of the subject matter concerned. The familiar examples involve sensory deficiencies: discourse about music may be inaccessible to the tone deaf, wine talk to the anosmic, the finer points of interior decorating to the colour blind, and so on. The traditional secondary qualities thus provide the obvious cases of concepts which seem to exhibit this form of subjectivity—this dependence on specific and quite contingent human capacities.
Found 2 weeks, 5 days ago on Huw Price's site
14. 1790489.967319
Modified numerals are expressions such as more than three, less/fewer than three, at least three, at most three, up to ten, betwen three and ten, approximately ten, about ten, exactly ten, etc. At first sight, their semantic contribution seems pretty easy to describe. However, this impression is deceptive. Modified numerals do in fact raise very serious challenges for formal semantics and pragmatics, many of which have yet to be addressed in a fully satisfactorily way. These challenges relate to two broad questions: first, what is the linguistically encoded meaning of modified numerals? Second, how can we make sense of all the inferences they give rise to, and how should we divide the work between com-positional semantics and pragmatics in order to account for all these effects? These are the two questions we will address in this chapter, focusing on a few striking puzzles.
Found 2 weeks, 6 days ago on Benjamin Spector's site
15. 1835122.967352
Do I contradict myself? Very well, then, I contradict myself. (I am large, I contain multitudes.) —Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself” Vorrei e non vorrei. —Zerlina, “Là ci darem la mano”, Don Giovanni This entry outlines the role of the law of non-contradiction (LNC) as the foremost among the first (indemonstrable) principles of Aristotelian philosophy and its heirs, and depicts the relation between LNC and LEM (the law of excluded middle) in establishing the nature of contradictory and contrary opposition. §1 presents the classical treatment of LNC as an axiom in Aristotle's “First Philosophy” and reviews the status of contradictory and contrary opposition as schematized on the Square of Opposition.
Found 3 weeks ago on Wes Morriston's site
16. 1915534.967384
Concepts are grounded in intuitive theories, yet intuitive theories are often sparse and incomplete. Deferring to experts can potentially fill those gaps. Sometimes experts convey new information, such as discovering a new planet (Experiment 1 and 3). Other times they revise past conclusions, such as concluding that Pluto is actually not a planet (Experiment 2 and 3). For non-experts to maintain scientific accuracy, they need to assimilate the expert judgments in either case. However, we find that people are less likely to defer after revision than novel discovery. In each case, their essentialist intuitions explain the pattern of results. The more participants construe categories in essentialist terms, the more they reject category revision; the opposite occurs for novel discoveries. Moreover, people only reject revision when it conflicts with essentialist intuitions (Experiment 4). Thus, the same intuitive theories that encourage deference also constrain it. but the knowledge of how to distinguish gold from other substances (like fool’s gold) and leopards from other animals (like jaguars) is relatively rare. Fortunately, this knowledge is available in the broader linguistic community (Putnam, 1973). Certain experts do know gold’s constitutive properties (composed of the element with 79 protons) and how to determine the presence of these properties (chemical assays). In principle, non-experts can tap into this knowledge by deferring to those who know more, enabling the greater community to self-correct and apply concepts accurately. Nevertheless, there are persistent and widespread ambiguities in the application of natural concepts (Dupré, 1981).
Found 3 weeks, 1 day ago on Frank Keil's site
17. 1946098.967425
At the beginning of his paper (2004), Nenad Miscevic said that “empirical concepts have not received the epistemological treatment they deserve”. When first reading this complaint I was surprised. Are the huge philosophical efforts to come to terms with concepts not primarily directed to empirical concepts? Miscevic insists, however, that concepts evolve, that we learn concepts and change concepts, and that this is most obvious in the case of empirical concepts like our concept of whales or our concept of water. I realized then that Miscevic has raised a most important question: How can a concept change? Why is this question important?
Found 3 weeks, 1 day ago on Wolfgang Spohn's site
18. 2030839.967465
At a hate site that I’ve decided no longer to mention by name (or even check, effective today), someone recently wrote that my blog is “too high on nerd whining content and too low on actual compsci content to be worth checking too regularly.” While that’s surely one of the mildest criticisms I’ve ever received, I hope that today’s post helps to even things out. …
Found 3 weeks, 2 days ago on Scott Aaronson's blog
19. 2046164.967484
John Campbell has claimed that the interventionist account of causation must be amended if it is to be applied to causation in psychology. The problem, he argues, is that it follows from the so-called ‘surgical’ constraint on interventions that intervening on psychological states requires the suspension of the agent’s rational autonomy. In this paper, I argue that the problem Campbell identifies is in fact an instance of a wider problem for interventionism, extending beyond psychology, which I call the problem of ‘abrupt transitions’. I then defend a solution to the problem, which replaces the surgical constraint with a weaker constraint on interventions that nevertheless does all the work the surgical constraint was designed to do. I conclude by exploring some interesting consequences of this weaker constraint for causation in psychology.
Found 3 weeks, 2 days ago on Alex Kaiserman's site
20. 2052054.9675
A counteridentical is a counterfactual with an identity statement in the antecedent. While counteridenticals generally seem non-trivial, most semantic theories for counterfactuals, when combined with the necessity of identity and distinctness, attribute vacuous truth conditions to such counterfactuals. In light of this, one could try to save the orthodox theories either by appealing to pragmatics or by denying that the antecedents of alleged counteridenticals really contain identity claims. Or one could reject the orthodox theory of counterfactuals in favor of a hyperintensional semantics that accommodates non-trivial counterpossibles. In this paper, I argue that none of these approaches can account for all the peculiar features of counteridenticals. Instead, I propose a modified version of Lewis’s counterpart theory, which rejects the necessity of identity, and show that it can explain all the peculiar features of counteridenticals in a satisfactory way. I conclude by defending the plausibility of contingent identity from objections.
Found 3 weeks, 2 days ago on PhilPapers
21. 2405380.967528
Infallibilism is commonly rejected because it is apparently subject to easy counter-examples. I describe a strategy that infallibilists can use to resist this objection. Because the sentences used in the counter-examples to express evidence and belief are context-sensitive, the infallibilist can insist that such counter-examples trade on a vacillation between different readings of these sentences. I describe what difficulties await those who try to produce counter-examples against which the proposed strategy is ineffective.
Found 3 weeks, 6 days ago on PhilPapers
22. 2424589.967562
John Foley, Joe Moeller and I have made some nice progress on compositional tasking for the Complex Adaptive System Composition and Design Environment project. ‘Compositional tasking’ means assigning tasks to a network of agents in such a way that you can connect or even overlay such networks and get larger such networks. …
Found 4 weeks ago on Azimuth
23. 2448476.967595
Disjunctions scoping under possibility modals give rise to the free choice e↵ect. The e↵ect also arises if the disjunction takes wide scope over possibility modals; it is independent of the modal flavor at play (deontic, epistemic, and so on); and it arises even if disjunctions scope under or over necessity modals. At the same time, free choice e↵ects disappear in the scope of negation or if the speaker signals ignorance or unwillingness to cooperate. I show how we can account for this wide variety of free choice observations without unwelcome side-e↵ects in an update-based framework whose key innovations consist in (i) a refined test semantics for necessity modals and (ii) a generalized conception of narrow and wide scope free choice e↵ects as arising from lexically or pragmatically generated prohibitions against the absurd state (an inconsistent information carrier) serving as an update relatum. The fact that some of these prohibitions are defeasible together with a binary semantics that distinguishes between positive and negative update relata accounts for free choice cancellation e↵ects.
Found 4 weeks ago on Malte Willer's site
24. 2505762.967626
Truth pluralism is a metaphysical theory of the nature of truth. The pluralist rejects the deflationist claim that truth is at best a ‘shallow’, insubstantial property. Indeed, the pluralist embraces a plurality of substantive truth properties (such as superwarrant, supercoherence, or correspondence), appropriate to different domains of discourse.
Found 4 weeks, 1 day ago on Dorit Bar-On's site
25. 2597195.967676
According to logical inferentialists, the meanings of logical expressions are fully determined by the rules for their correct use. Two key proof-theoretic requirements on admissible logical rules, harmony and separability, directly stem from this thesis—requirements, however, that standard single-conclusion and assertion-based formalizations of classical logic provably fail to satisfy (Dummett in The logical basis of metaphysics, Harvard University Press, Harvard, MA, 1991; Prawitz in Theoria, 43:1–40, 1977; Tennant in The taming of the true, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ; Humberstone and Makinson in Mind 120(480):1035–1051, 2011). On the plausible assumption that our logical practice is both single-conclusion and assertion-based, it seemingly follows that classical logic, unlike intuitionistic logic, can’t be accounted for in inferentialist terms. In this paper, I challenge orthodoxy and introduce an assertion-based and single-conclusion formalization of classical propositional logic that is both harmonious and separable. In the framework I propose, classicality emerges as a structural feature of the logic.
Found 1 month ago on Julien Murzi's site
26. 2618267.967704
In 1933 the Polish logician Alfred Tarski published a paper in which he discussed the criteria that a definition of ‘true sentence’ should meet, and gave examples of several such definitions for particular formal languages. In 1956 he and his colleague Robert Vaught published a revision of one of the 1933 truth definitions, to serve as a truth definition for model-theoretic languages. This entry will simply review the definitions and make no attempt to explore the implications of Tarski’s work for semantics (natural language or programming languages) or for the philosophical study of truth. (For those implications, see the entries on truth and Alfred Tarski.)
Found 1 month ago on Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
27. 2637347.967736
This use of the name ‘Pegasus’ clearly should not make (~P) ontologically committing. After all, the name is used precisely to deny the existence of Pegasus. And here arises one of the oldest philosophical conundrums, going back to Parmenides—the problem of Non-Being. If one assumes the truth of ‘Pegasus lacks being’, then it follows (does it not?) that there is nothing to which the subject-term refers. So it does not refer to Pegasus in particular. In which case, the statement fails to say anything in reference to Pegasus. But of course, it is saying something in reference to Pegasus—that Pegasus is not. But if you can refer to Pegasus, it seems that Pegasus must in some sense “be.” Legions of responses to this problem have ensued.
Found 1 month ago on PhilPapers
28. 2791177.967773
Identity is often said to be a relation each thing bears to itself and to no other thing (e.g., Zalabardo 2000). This characterization is clearly circular (“no other thing”) and paradoxical too, unless the notion of “each thing” is qualified. More satisfactory (though partial) characterizations are available and the idea that such a relation of absolute identity exists is commonplace. Some, however, deny that a relation of absolute identity exists. Identity, they say, is relative: It is possible for objects $$x$$ and $$y$$ to be the same $$F$$ and yet not the same $$G$$, (where $$F$$ and $$G$$ are predicates representing kinds of things (apples, ships, passengers) rather than merely properties of things (colors, shapes)).
Found 1 month ago on Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
29. 2810577.967809
Silencing is usually explained in terms of conventionalism about the nature of speech acts. More recently, theorists have tried to develop intentionalist theories of the phenomenon. I argue, however, that if intentionalists are to accommodate the conventionalists’ main insight, namely that silencing can be so extreme as to render certain types of speech act completely unavailable to victims, they must take two assumptions on board. First, it must be possible that speakers’ communicative intentions are opaque to the speakers themselves. Secondly, it needs to be assumed that structural oppression can have hidden psychological effects on its victims. Since both assumptions can be motivated independently, I argue that silencing can be fully understood without appealing to linguistic conventions.
Found 1 month ago on PhilPapers
30. 2840493.967842
In recent work, Alfredo Roque Freire and I have realized that the axiom of well-ordered replacement is equivalent to the full replacement axiom, over the Zermelo set theory with foundation. The well-ordered replacement axiom is the scheme asserting that if $I$ is well-ordered and every $i\in I$ has unique $y_i$ satisfying a property $\phi(i,y_i)$, then $\{y_i\mid i\in I\}$ is a set. …
Found 1 month ago on Joel David Hamkins's blog
| 2018-09-19T11:39:00 |
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https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Agropp.william-d
|
# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Gropp, William D.
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: gropp.william-d Published as: Gropp, William D.; Gropp, William; Gropp, W. D.; Gropp, W. External Links: MGP · Wikidata · ORCID · GND
Documents Indexed: 53 Publications since 1980, including 1 Book
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#### Co-Authors
12 single-authored 21 Keyes, David Elliot 6 Cai, Xiao-Chuan 6 Lusk, Ewing L. 5 Smith, Barry F. 3 Levine, David M. 3 Tidriri, M. Driss 2 Forsman, Kimmo 2 Kettunen, Lauri 1 Balay, Satish 1 Bienz, Amanda 1 Bjørstad, Petter Erling 1 Doss, Nathan E. 1 Falgout, Robert D. 1 Greengard, Leslie F. 1 Ipsen, Ilse C. F. 1 Kaper, Hans G. 1 Kaushik, Dinesh K. 1 Kendall, Ricky A. 1 Leaf, Gary K. 1 McInnes, Lois Curfman 1 Melvin, Robin G. 1 Moré, Jorge J. 1 Mounts, Jon S. 1 Numrich, Robert W. 1 Olson, Luke N. 1 Ong, Emil 1 Palumbo, Mario 1 Schroder, Jacob B. 1 Skjellum, Anthony 1 Smith, Edward Bishop 1 Sosonkina, Masha 1 Sterling, Thomas Lawrence 1 Thakur, Rajeev 1 Vinokur, Valerii M. 1 Young, David P.
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#### Serials
6 SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing 6 Parallel Computing 2 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 2 SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 1 Computers and Fluids 1 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 1 Journal of Computational Physics 1 BIT 1 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 Numerische Mathematik 1 Applied Numerical Mathematics 1 IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering 1 Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications
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#### Fields
39 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 19 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 19 Computer science (68-XX) 9 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 3 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 Potential theory (31-XX) 1 Integral equations (45-XX) 1 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 1 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 1 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX) 1 Quantum theory (81-XX) 1 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 1 Geophysics (86-XX) 1 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH Open
40 Publications have been cited 1,064 times in 972 Documents Cited by Year
Domain decomposition. Parallel multilevel methods for elliptic partial differential equations. Zbl 0857.65126
Smith, Barry F.; Bjørstad, Petter E.; Gropp, William D.
1996
Efficient management of parallelism in object-oriented numerical software libraries. Zbl 0882.65154
Balay, Satish; Gropp, William D.; McInnes, Lois Curfman; Smith, Barry F.
1997
A high-performance, portable implementation of the MPI message passing interface standard. Zbl 0875.68206
Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing; Doss, Nathan; Skjellum, Anthony
1996
Parallel Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithms for the transonic full potential equation. Zbl 0917.76035
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.; Melvin, Robin G.; Young, David P.
1998
High-performance parallel implicit CFD. Zbl 0971.68191
Gropp, W. D.; Kaushik, D. K.; Keyes, D. E.; Smith, B. F.
2001
A comparison of domain decomposition techniques for elliptic partial differential equations and their parallel implementation. Zbl 0619.65088
Keyes, David E.; Gropp, William D.
1987
Optimization environments and the NEOS server. Zbl 1031.65075
Gropp, William; Moré, Jorge J.
1997
Numerical simulation of vortex dynamics in type-II superconductors. Zbl 0844.65098
Gropp, William D.; Kaper, Hans G.; Leaf, Gary K.; Levine, David M.; Palumbo, Mario; Vinokur, Valerii M.
1996
A parallel version of the fast multipole method. Zbl 0715.65015
Greengard, L.; Gropp, W. D.
1990
Newton-Krylov-Schwarz methods in CFD. Zbl 0876.76059
Cai, X.-C.; Gropp, W. D.; Keyes, D. E.; Tidriri, M. D.
1994
Parallel computing and domain decomposition. Zbl 0770.65085
Gropp, William
1992
Complexity of parallel implementation of domain decomposition techniques for elliptic partial differential equations. Zbl 0645.65069
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1988
A comparison of some domain decomposition and ILU preconditioned iterative methods for nonsymmetric elliptic problems. Zbl 0838.65025
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1994
Domain decomposition with local mesh refinement. Zbl 0756.65045
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
Local uniform mesh refinement with moving grids. Zbl 0627.65104
Gropp, William D.
1987
A test of moving mesh refinement for 2-D scalar hyperbolic problems. Zbl 0445.65096
Gropp, William D.
1980
Reducing parallel communication in algebraic multigrid through sparsification. Zbl 1352.65102
Bienz, Amanda; Falgout, Robert D.; Gropp, William; Olson, Luke N.; Schroder, Jacob B.
2016
Domain decomposition methods in computational fluid dynamics. Zbl 0745.76062
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
A comparison of some domain decomposition algorithms for nonsymmetric ellliptic problems. Zbl 0770.65079
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
Experiences with domain decomposition in three dimensions: Overlapping Schwarz methods. Zbl 0812.65109
Gropp, William D.; Smith, Barry F.
1994
Local uniform mesh refinement on loosely-coupled parallel processors. Zbl 0661.65125
Gropp, W. D.
1988
Parallel implicit methods for aerodynamics. Zbl 0818.76065
Cai, X.-C.; Gropp, W. D.; Keyes, D. E.; Tidriri, M. D.
1994
Parallel performance of domain-decomposed preconditioned Krylov methods for PDEs with locally uniform refinement. Zbl 0752.65083
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
Domain decomposition on parallel computers. Zbl 0703.65078
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1989
Domain-decomposable preconditioners for second-order upwind discretizations of multicomponent systems. Zbl 0766.65103
Keyes, David E.; Gropp, William D.
1991
Parallel scalability of the spectral transform method. Zbl 0787.76064
Foster, I.; Gropp, W.; Stevens, R.
1992
Volume integral equations in nonlinear 3-D magnetostatics. Zbl 0838.65122
Kettunen, Lauri; Forsman, Kimmo; Levine, David; Gropp, William
1995
Parallel domain decomposition and the solution of nonlinear systems of equations. Zbl 0767.65040
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1991
Domain decomposition as a mechanism for using asymptotic methods. Zbl 0808.65124
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1993
Local uniform mesh refinement on vector and parallel processors. Zbl 0617.65122
Gropp, William D.
1987
A high-performance MPI implementation on a shared-memory vector supercomputer. Zbl 0906.68021
Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing
1997
Learning from the success of MPI. Zbl 1052.68550
Gropp, William D.
2001
Optimizing noncontiguous accesses in MPI–IO. Zbl 0984.68081
Thakur, Rajeev; Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing
2002
MPICH2: A new start for MPI implementations. Zbl 1015.68728
Gropp, William
2002
MPI on the grid. Zbl 1015.68726
Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing
2002
Recursive mesh refinement on hypercubes. Zbl 0678.68012
Gropp, W. D.; Ipsen, I. C. F.
1989
Domain decomposition on parallel computers. Zbl 0681.68030
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1989
Domain decomposition techniques for the parallel solution of nonsymmetric systems of elliptic boundary value problems. Zbl 0694.65048
Keyes, David E.; Gropp, William D.
1990
Computational fluid dynamics on parallel processors. Zbl 0696.76038
Gropp, William D.; Smith, Edward B.
1990
Convergence rate estimate for a domain decomposition method. Zbl 0727.65105
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1991
Reducing parallel communication in algebraic multigrid through sparsification. Zbl 1352.65102
Bienz, Amanda; Falgout, Robert D.; Gropp, William; Olson, Luke N.; Schroder, Jacob B.
2016
Optimizing noncontiguous accesses in MPI–IO. Zbl 0984.68081
Thakur, Rajeev; Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing
2002
MPICH2: A new start for MPI implementations. Zbl 1015.68728
Gropp, William
2002
MPI on the grid. Zbl 1015.68726
Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing
2002
High-performance parallel implicit CFD. Zbl 0971.68191
Gropp, W. D.; Kaushik, D. K.; Keyes, D. E.; Smith, B. F.
2001
Learning from the success of MPI. Zbl 1052.68550
Gropp, William D.
2001
Parallel Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithms for the transonic full potential equation. Zbl 0917.76035
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.; Melvin, Robin G.; Young, David P.
1998
Efficient management of parallelism in object-oriented numerical software libraries. Zbl 0882.65154
Balay, Satish; Gropp, William D.; McInnes, Lois Curfman; Smith, Barry F.
1997
Optimization environments and the NEOS server. Zbl 1031.65075
Gropp, William; Moré, Jorge J.
1997
A high-performance MPI implementation on a shared-memory vector supercomputer. Zbl 0906.68021
Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing
1997
Domain decomposition. Parallel multilevel methods for elliptic partial differential equations. Zbl 0857.65126
Smith, Barry F.; Bjørstad, Petter E.; Gropp, William D.
1996
A high-performance, portable implementation of the MPI message passing interface standard. Zbl 0875.68206
Gropp, William; Lusk, Ewing; Doss, Nathan; Skjellum, Anthony
1996
Numerical simulation of vortex dynamics in type-II superconductors. Zbl 0844.65098
Gropp, William D.; Kaper, Hans G.; Leaf, Gary K.; Levine, David M.; Palumbo, Mario; Vinokur, Valerii M.
1996
Volume integral equations in nonlinear 3-D magnetostatics. Zbl 0838.65122
Kettunen, Lauri; Forsman, Kimmo; Levine, David; Gropp, William
1995
Newton-Krylov-Schwarz methods in CFD. Zbl 0876.76059
Cai, X.-C.; Gropp, W. D.; Keyes, D. E.; Tidriri, M. D.
1994
A comparison of some domain decomposition and ILU preconditioned iterative methods for nonsymmetric elliptic problems. Zbl 0838.65025
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1994
Experiences with domain decomposition in three dimensions: Overlapping Schwarz methods. Zbl 0812.65109
Gropp, William D.; Smith, Barry F.
1994
Parallel implicit methods for aerodynamics. Zbl 0818.76065
Cai, X.-C.; Gropp, W. D.; Keyes, D. E.; Tidriri, M. D.
1994
Domain decomposition as a mechanism for using asymptotic methods. Zbl 0808.65124
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1993
Parallel computing and domain decomposition. Zbl 0770.65085
Gropp, William
1992
Domain decomposition with local mesh refinement. Zbl 0756.65045
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
Domain decomposition methods in computational fluid dynamics. Zbl 0745.76062
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
A comparison of some domain decomposition algorithms for nonsymmetric ellliptic problems. Zbl 0770.65079
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
Parallel performance of domain-decomposed preconditioned Krylov methods for PDEs with locally uniform refinement. Zbl 0752.65083
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1992
Parallel scalability of the spectral transform method. Zbl 0787.76064
Foster, I.; Gropp, W.; Stevens, R.
1992
Domain-decomposable preconditioners for second-order upwind discretizations of multicomponent systems. Zbl 0766.65103
Keyes, David E.; Gropp, William D.
1991
Parallel domain decomposition and the solution of nonlinear systems of equations. Zbl 0767.65040
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1991
Convergence rate estimate for a domain decomposition method. Zbl 0727.65105
Cai, Xiao-Chuan; Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1991
A parallel version of the fast multipole method. Zbl 0715.65015
Greengard, L.; Gropp, W. D.
1990
Domain decomposition techniques for the parallel solution of nonsymmetric systems of elliptic boundary value problems. Zbl 0694.65048
Keyes, David E.; Gropp, William D.
1990
Computational fluid dynamics on parallel processors. Zbl 0696.76038
Gropp, William D.; Smith, Edward B.
1990
Domain decomposition on parallel computers. Zbl 0703.65078
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1989
Recursive mesh refinement on hypercubes. Zbl 0678.68012
Gropp, W. D.; Ipsen, I. C. F.
1989
Domain decomposition on parallel computers. Zbl 0681.68030
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1989
Complexity of parallel implementation of domain decomposition techniques for elliptic partial differential equations. Zbl 0645.65069
Gropp, William D.; Keyes, David E.
1988
Local uniform mesh refinement on loosely-coupled parallel processors. Zbl 0661.65125
Gropp, W. D.
1988
A comparison of domain decomposition techniques for elliptic partial differential equations and their parallel implementation. Zbl 0619.65088
Keyes, David E.; Gropp, William D.
1987
Local uniform mesh refinement with moving grids. Zbl 0627.65104
Gropp, William D.
1987
Local uniform mesh refinement on vector and parallel processors. Zbl 0617.65122
Gropp, William D.
1987
A test of moving mesh refinement for 2-D scalar hyperbolic problems. Zbl 0445.65096
Gropp, William D.
1980
all top 5
all top 5
#### Cited in 170 Serials
125 Journal of Computational Physics 94 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 54 SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 51 Computers and Fluids 40 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 29 Journal of Scientific Computing 27 Applied Numerical Mathematics 24 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 23 Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 21 Numerische Mathematik 20 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 19 Mathematics of Computation 17 Applied Mathematics and Computation 16 Computer Physics Communications 15 Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 11 European Series in Applied and Industrial Mathematics (ESAIM): Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 10 Journal of Fluid Mechanics 10 Numerical Algorithms 9 Applied Mathematical Modelling 8 Linear Algebra and its Applications 8 Computing and Visualization in Science 8 Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 8 Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience 7 BIT 7 Computational Mechanics 7 Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 7 Computational Geosciences 6 Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 6 Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 6 International Journal of Computer Mathematics 6 Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 5 Computational Optimization and Applications 5 Advances in Computational Mathematics 5 European Series in Applied and Industrial Mathematics (ESAIM): Proceedings 4 Computing 4 Parallel Computing 4 M2AN. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis. ESAIM, European Series in Applied and Industrial Mathematics 4 Journal of Computational Acoustics 3 Discrete Applied Mathematics 3 International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 3 ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 3 Calcolo 3 Theoretical Computer Science 3 Combinatorica 3 International Journal of Parallel Programming 3 Computers & Operations Research 3 SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 3 Journal of Global Optimization 3 M$$^3$$AS. Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences 3 European Journal of Operational Research 3 Advances in Engineering Software 3 Computational Economics 3 ETNA. Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis 3 Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3 International Journal of Computational Methods 3 Journal of Theoretical Biology 2 Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 2 Journal of Mathematical Physics 2 Programming and Computer Software 2 SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 2 Software. Practice & Experience 2 Algorithmica 2 Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2 Applications of Mathematics 2 Computational Statistics 2 Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 2 SIAM Review 2 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 2 Mathematical Programming. Series A. Series B 2 Formal Methods in System Design 2 International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 2 Fractional Calculus & Applied Analysis 2 Journal of High Energy Physics 2 Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 2 Acta Numerica 2 Mathematics in Computer Science 2 Ars Mathematica Contemporanea 2 Advances in Mathematical Physics 2 Mathematical Programming Computation 2 GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics 2 ISRN Applied Mathematics 2 SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification 1 Artificial Intelligence 1 Discrete Mathematics 1 International Journal of Control 1 Information Processing Letters 1 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1 Journal of Mathematical Biology 1 Mathematical Biosciences 1 Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics 1 Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg 1 Journal of Computer and System Sciences 1 Mathematics of Operations Research 1 Mathematical Systems Theory 1 SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 1 1 Science of Computer Programming 1 Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. (English Edition) 1 Acta Applicandae Mathematicae ...and 70 more Serials
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#### Cited in 38 Fields
684 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 302 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 242 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 123 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 84 Computer science (68-XX) 51 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 40 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 40 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 38 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 29 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 29 Geophysics (86-XX) 23 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX) 17 Combinatorics (05-XX) 16 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 14 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 12 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 11 Quantum theory (81-XX) 10 Statistics (62-XX) 7 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 6 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 5 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 5 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 5 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 4 Number theory (11-XX) 4 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 4 Integral equations (45-XX) 3 Potential theory (31-XX) 3 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 3 Operator theory (47-XX) 3 Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX) 1 History and biography (01-XX) 1 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 1 Real functions (26-XX) 1 Special functions (33-XX) 1 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 1 Functional analysis (46-XX) 1 Geometry (51-XX) 1 Mathematics education (97-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata.
| 2021-08-02T10:37:50 |
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http://dergipark.gov.tr/ijesim/issue/34535/381550
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## Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States
#### Lawrence Ssebaggala [1]
##### 73 492
This is a report on a preliminary study which attempted to compare the current Ugandan and U.S. secondary mathematics curricula. The study analyzed the content and the level at which content is introduced in the two countries. Results from the study indicated that although the curriculum followed in Uganda offered its students an opportunity to learn high-level mathematics before enrolling in college, there is need to revise it in order to enable students in Uganda to have the capacity to apply mathematics into other disciplines at higher levels. A summary of findings regarding the U.S. curriculum will also be presented.
Curriculum, Mathematics, Secondary Scholl
• Benavot, A. (2006). The diversification of secondary education: school curricula in comparative perspective. IBE Working Papers on Curriculum Issues, Number 6 (Geneva, Switzerland: International Bureau of Education). Available online at: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/resourcebank/working_papers.htm, accessed 14 May 2016.
• Center for Global Development through Education. (2011). Teacher effectiveness in the teaching of mathematics and science in secondary schools in Uganda. Limerick: Mary Immaculate College
• Clausen-May, T., & Baale, R. (2014). Mathematics curriculum reform in Uganda–what works in the classroom? In British Congress in Mathematics Education (BCME), Nottingham.
• Clegg, A., Bregman, J., & Ottevanger, W. (2007). Uganda Secondary Education & Training Curriculum, Assessment & Examination (CURASSE), Roadmap for Reform.
• Hodgen, J., Pepper, D., Sturman, L., & Ruddock, G. (2010). Is the UK an outlier? An international comparison of upper secondary mathematics education. Accessed via www.nuffieldfoundation.org/uk-outlier-upper-secondary-maths-education (7th Apr 2011).
• Ibrahim, Z. B., & Othman, K. I. (2010). Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Malaysia and Singapore. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 351–355.
• Karp, A., Opolot-Okurut, C., & Schubring, G. (2014). Mathematics education in Africa. In A. Karp & G. Schubring (Eds.), Handbook on the history of mathematics education (pp. 391–403). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
• Karuku, S., & Tennant, G. (2016). Towards a Harmonized Curriculum in East Africa: A Comparative Perspective of the Intended Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. In Mathematics Education in East Africa (pp. 9–25). Springer International Publishing.
• National Curriculum Development Centre. (2013). Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education teaching syllabi for Physics, and Mathematics. Kampala, Uganda: Author.
Bibtex @araştırma makalesi { ijesim381550, journal = {International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics}, issn = {}, eissn = {2148-5984}, address = {EDUGARDEN ORG. KONGRE VE YAY. SAN. ve TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.}, year = {2017}, volume = {4}, pages = {1 - 7}, doi = {}, title = {Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States}, key = {cite}, author = {Ssebaggala, Lawrence} } APA Ssebaggala, L . (2017). Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States. International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics, 4 (1), 1-7. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/ijesim/issue/34535/381550 MLA Ssebaggala, L . "Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States". International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics 4 (2017): 1-7 Chicago Ssebaggala, L . "Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States". International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics 4 (2017): 1-7 RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States AU - Lawrence Ssebaggala Y1 - 2017 PY - 2017 N1 - DO - T2 - International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - -2148-5984 M3 - UR - Y2 - 2017 ER - EndNote %0 International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States %A Lawrence Ssebaggala %T Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States %D 2017 %J International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics %P -2148-5984 %V 4 %N 1 %R %U ISNAD Ssebaggala, Lawrence . "Comparative Study of Secondary Mathematics Curriculum between Uganda and the United States". International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics 4 / 1 (Aralık 2017): 1-7.
| 2019-01-16T01:23:30 |
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https://indico.fnal.gov/event/15949/contributions/34775/
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Indico search will be reestablished in the next version upgrade of the software: https://getindico.io/roadmap/
#### This search is only for public events. Restricted events are not available.
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# 36th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
22-28 July 2018
Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center
EST timezone
## Electric Dipole Moment Results from Lattice QCD
Jul 24, 2018, 2:00 PM
20m
103 (Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center)
### 103
#### Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center
219 S Harrison Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
Parallel Weak Decays and Matrix Elements
### Speaker
Dr Jack Dragos (FRIB NSCL MSU)
### Description
We utilize the gradient flow to define and calculate electric dipole moments (EDMs) induced by the strong QCD $\theta$-term. Since the EDM is highly sensitive to the CP-violating operator induced in the action, the Euclidean time dependence of the topological charge is utilized to improve the signal to noise. The results of the nucleon EDMs are calculated on PACS-CS gauge fields (available from the ILDG) using $N_{f}=2+1$. These gauge fields use a renormalization-group improved gauge action and a non-perturbatively $O(a)$ improved clover quark action. The main calculation was performed on a $32^{3}\times 64$ lattice with lattice spacing $a \simeq 0.09$ fm ($\beta = 1.90$), with pion masses of $m_{\pi} \simeq 411,570,701$ MeV to perform a chiral extrapolation (with $c_{SW} = 1.715$). A second set of calculations were performed with $a\simeq 0.1215,0.0980,0.0685$ fm at $L\approx1.9$ fm for continuum limit studies.
### Primary author
Dr Jack Dragos (FRIB NSCL MSU)
### Co-authors
Mr Ahmed Yousif (Michigan State University) Andrea Shindler (Michigan State University) Prof. Thomas Luu (Forschungszentrum Jülich/University of Bonn)
Slides
| 2021-06-23T13:57:37 |
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https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Awarner.frank-w
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## Warner, Frank W.
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: warner.frank-w Published as: Warner, Frank W.; Warner, F. W.; Warner, Frank more...less External Links: MGP · Wikidata · GND · IdRef
Documents Indexed: 24 Publications since 1965, including 3 Books 1 Further Contribution Co-Authors: 6 Co-Authors with 19 Joint Publications 198 Co-Co-Authors
all top 5
### Co-Authors
5 single-authored 13 Kazdan, Jerry L. 5 Gluck, Herman 2 Ziller, Wolfgang 1 Alexander, Stephanie B. 1 Connelly, Robert 1 do Carmo, Manfredo Perdigão 1 Efimov, Nikolaĭ Vladimirovich 1 Jacobowitz, Howard 1 Khokhlov, Andreĭ Vladimirovich 1 Kolmogorov, Andreĭ Nikolaevich 1 Krigelman, Kenneth 1 Maltz, Robert 1 Moore, John Douglas 1 Novikov, Sergeĭ Petrovich 1 Sabitov, Idzhad Khakovich 1 Singer, David A. 1 Voronov, Theodore 1 Wallach, Nolan Russell 1 Yang, Chung-Tao
all top 5
### Serials
4 Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 3 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 2 Duke Mathematical Journal 2 Journal of Differential Geometry 2 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 1 Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 1 American Journal of Mathematics 1 Inventiones Mathematicae 1 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 1 Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry 1 L’Enseignement Mathématique. 2e Série 1 Graduate Texts in Mathematics
all top 5
### Fields
19 Differential geometry (53-XX) 10 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 9 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 4 Algebraic topology (55-XX) 3 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 2 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX)
### Citations contained in zbMATH Open
24 Publications have been cited 1,608 times in 1,434 Documents Cited by Year
Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups. Reprint. Zbl 0516.58001
Warner, Frank W.
1983
Curvature functions for compact 2-manifolds. Zbl 0273.53034
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1974
Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups. Zbl 0241.58001
Warner, Frank W.
1971
Remarks on some quasilinear elliptic equations. Zbl 0325.35038
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Scalar curvature and conformal deformation of Riemannian structure. Zbl 0296.53037
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Existence and conformal deformation of metrics with prescribed Gaussian and scalar curvatures. Zbl 0297.53020
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Curvature functions for open 2-manifolds. Zbl 0278.53031
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1974
Rigidity and convexity of hypersurfaces in spheres. Zbl 0201.23702
do Carmo, Manfredo Perdigão; Warner, F. W.
1970
The conjugate locus of a Riemannian manifold. Zbl 0129.36002
Warner, F. W.
1965
Extension of the Rauch comparison theorem to submanifolds. Zbl 0139.15601
Warner, F. W.
1966
Great circle fibrations of the three-sphere. Zbl 0523.55020
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank W.
1983
The geometry of the Hopf fibrations. Zbl 0616.53038
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank; Ziller, Wolfgang
1986
Prescribing curvatures. Zbl 0313.53017
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
A direct approach to the determination of Gaussian and scalar curvature functions. Zbl 0297.53021
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Conjugate loci of constant order. Zbl 0172.23003
Warner, F. W.
1967
Division algebras, fibrations of spheres by great spheres and the topological determination of space by the gross behavior of its geodesics. Zbl 0534.53039
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank; Yang, C. T.
1983
Fibrations of spheres by parallel great spheres and Berger’s rigidity theorem. Zbl 0642.53046
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank; Ziller, Wolfgang
1987
Curvature forms for 2-manifolds. Zbl 0197.47901
Wallach, N. R.; Warner, F. W.
1970
Integrability conditions for $$\Delta u = k - Ke^{\alpha u}$$ with applications to Riemannian geometry. Zbl 0218.35030
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1971
Curvature functions for 2-manifolds with negative Euler characteristic. Zbl 0255.53028
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1972
Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups. (Osnovy teorii gladkikh mnogoobrazij i grupp Li). Transl. from the English by F. F. Voronov and A. V. Khokhlov. Transl. ed. and with a preface by A. A. Kirillov. (Osnovy teorii gladkikh mnogoobrazij i grupp Li.) Zbl 0691.58005
Warner, Frank W.
1987
Surfaces of revolution with monotonic increasing curvature and an application to the equation $$\Delta u = 1 - Ke^{2 u}$$ on $$S^ 2$$. Zbl 0228.53004
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1972
Investigations in the metric theory of surfaces. Collection of articles. (Issledovaniya po metricheskoj teorii poverkhnostej. Sbornik statej). Transl. from the English and from the French by I.Kh.Sabitov. Zbl 0483.53001
1980
Curvature functions for 2-manifolds. Zbl 0261.53047
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1973
Fibrations of spheres by parallel great spheres and Berger’s rigidity theorem. Zbl 0642.53046
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank; Ziller, Wolfgang
1987
Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups. (Osnovy teorii gladkikh mnogoobrazij i grupp Li). Transl. from the English by F. F. Voronov and A. V. Khokhlov. Transl. ed. and with a preface by A. A. Kirillov. (Osnovy teorii gladkikh mnogoobrazij i grupp Li.) Zbl 0691.58005
Warner, Frank W.
1987
The geometry of the Hopf fibrations. Zbl 0616.53038
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank; Ziller, Wolfgang
1986
Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups. Reprint. Zbl 0516.58001
Warner, Frank W.
1983
Great circle fibrations of the three-sphere. Zbl 0523.55020
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank W.
1983
Division algebras, fibrations of spheres by great spheres and the topological determination of space by the gross behavior of its geodesics. Zbl 0534.53039
Gluck, Herman; Warner, Frank; Yang, C. T.
1983
Investigations in the metric theory of surfaces. Collection of articles. (Issledovaniya po metricheskoj teorii poverkhnostej. Sbornik statej). Transl. from the English and from the French by I.Kh.Sabitov. Zbl 0483.53001
1980
Remarks on some quasilinear elliptic equations. Zbl 0325.35038
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Scalar curvature and conformal deformation of Riemannian structure. Zbl 0296.53037
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Existence and conformal deformation of metrics with prescribed Gaussian and scalar curvatures. Zbl 0297.53020
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Prescribing curvatures. Zbl 0313.53017
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
A direct approach to the determination of Gaussian and scalar curvature functions. Zbl 0297.53021
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1975
Curvature functions for compact 2-manifolds. Zbl 0273.53034
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1974
Curvature functions for open 2-manifolds. Zbl 0278.53031
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1974
Curvature functions for 2-manifolds. Zbl 0261.53047
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1973
Curvature functions for 2-manifolds with negative Euler characteristic. Zbl 0255.53028
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1972
Surfaces of revolution with monotonic increasing curvature and an application to the equation $$\Delta u = 1 - Ke^{2 u}$$ on $$S^ 2$$. Zbl 0228.53004
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1972
Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups. Zbl 0241.58001
Warner, Frank W.
1971
Integrability conditions for $$\Delta u = k - Ke^{\alpha u}$$ with applications to Riemannian geometry. Zbl 0218.35030
Kazdan, Jerry L.; Warner, Frank W.
1971
Rigidity and convexity of hypersurfaces in spheres. Zbl 0201.23702
do Carmo, Manfredo Perdigão; Warner, F. W.
1970
Curvature forms for 2-manifolds. Zbl 0197.47901
Wallach, N. R.; Warner, F. W.
1970
Conjugate loci of constant order. Zbl 0172.23003
Warner, F. W.
1967
Extension of the Rauch comparison theorem to submanifolds. Zbl 0139.15601
Warner, F. W.
1966
The conjugate locus of a Riemannian manifold. Zbl 0129.36002
Warner, F. W.
1965
all top 5
### Cited by 1,648 Authors
16 Pistoia, Angela 14 McKenna, Patrick Joseph 12 Ding, Shusen 12 Passaseo, Donato 11 Bartolucci, Daniele 11 Xing, Yuming 10 Musso, Monica 9 Molle, Riccardo 9 Yang, Yunyan 8 Gluck, Herman 8 Lazer, Alan C. 8 Mawhin, Jean L. 8 Xu, Xingwang 7 Chen, Wenxiong 7 Clapp, Mónica 7 de Marchis, Francesca 7 Del Pino, Manuel A. 7 Hirano, Norimichi 7 Jevnikar, Aleks 7 Yang, Yisong 7 Zhu, Xiaobao 6 Chang, Sun-Yung Alice 6 Chtioui, Hichem 6 Espinar, José María 6 Ge, Huabin 6 Abreu Goncalves, Jose Valdo 6 Grasse, Kevin A. 6 Hebey, Emmanuel 6 Ho, Pak Tung 6 Javaloyes, Miguel Angel 6 Li, Congming 6 Li, YanYan 6 Malchiodi, Andrea 6 Ni, Wei-Ming 6 Rădulescu, Vicenţiu D. 6 Sánchez Caja, Miguel 6 Tunitskiĭ, Dmitriĭ Vasil’evich 6 Warner, Frank W. 5 Bandle, Catherine 5 Bianchi, Gabriele 5 Carlotto, Alessandro 5 Cavalcanti, Marcelo Moreira 5 Guedes de Figueiredo, Djairo 5 Domingos Cavalcanti, Valéria Neves 5 Fukuoka, Ryuichi 5 Grossi, Massimo 5 Gui, Changfeng 5 Kazdan, Jerry L. 5 Mancini, Giovanni 5 Peral Alonso, Ireneo 5 Piccione, Paolo 5 Rigoli, Marco 5 Rubio, Rafael María 5 Salvai, Marcos 5 Schoen, Richard Melvin 5 Suzuki, Takashi 5 Wang, Guofang 5 Wei, Juncheng 5 Wolansky, Gershon 5 Yang, Paul C. P. 4 Ambrosetti, Antonio 4 Banyaga, Augustin 4 Ben Ayed, Mohamed 4 Chabrowski, Jan H. 4 Egnell, Henrik 4 Fischer, Arthur Elliot 4 Gamara, Najoua 4 Han, Zheng-Chao 4 Helminck, Gerardus Franciscus 4 Jung, Yoon-Tae 4 Kiessling, Michael Karl-Heinz 4 Li, Jiayu 4 Markvorsen, Steen 4 Monterde, Juan 4 Moretti, Valter 4 Ngô Quốc Anh 4 Olver, Peter John 4 Palmer, Vicente 4 Pankka, Pekka 4 Parton, Maurizio 4 Piccinni, Paolo 4 Prástaro, Agostino 4 Rovenskiĭ, Vladimir Yuzefovich 4 Santra, Sanjiban 4 Schmidt, Benjamin 4 Shapiro, Victor L. 4 Shiohama, Katsuhiro 4 Solimini, Sergio 4 Struwe, Michael 4 Uǧuz, Selman 4 Ward, James Robert jun. 4 Yang, Wen 4 Yau, Shing-Tung 4 Zhu, Meijun 3 Amann, Herbert 3 Ammann, Bernd Eberhard 3 Anderson, Michael T. 3 Arcoya, David 3 Avalos, Rodrigo 3 Ayala, Victor ...and 1,548 more Authors
all top 5
### Cited in 314 Serials
58 Journal of Differential Equations 53 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 50 Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations 47 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 47 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 44 Journal of Geometry and Physics 38 Communications in Mathematical Physics 36 The Journal of Geometric Analysis 36 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications 34 Mathematische Annalen 31 Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry 30 Journal of Functional Analysis 30 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 28 Duke Mathematical Journal 28 Differential Geometry and its Applications 26 Advances in Mathematics 23 Mathematische Zeitschrift 21 Journal of Mathematical Physics 21 Communications in Partial Differential Equations 18 Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire 16 Inventiones Mathematicae 15 Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 15 Manuscripta Mathematica 14 Geometriae Dedicata 14 Linear Algebra and its Applications 13 Tohoku Mathematical Journal. Second Series 13 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 12 Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série 11 Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 10 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 9 General Relativity and Gravitation 9 Annales de l’Institut Fourier 9 Topology and its Applications 8 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 8 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta 8 Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure. Quatrième Série 8 Mathematische Nachrichten 8 Results in Mathematics 8 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section A. Mathematics 7 International Journal of Theoretical Physics 7 Reports on Mathematical Physics 7 Comptes Rendus. Mathématique. Académie des Sciences, Paris 7 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 6 Mathematical Notes 6 Nuclear Physics. B 6 Algebraic & Geometric Topology 6 Advanced Nonlinear Studies 6 Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society. New Series 5 Archiv der Mathematik 5 Compositio Mathematica 5 Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico della Università di Padova 5 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. New Series 5 Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques 5 Annales Henri Poincaré 5 International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 5 Science China. Mathematics 4 Applicable Analysis 4 Israel Journal of Mathematics 4 Reviews in Mathematical Physics 4 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie IV 4 Journal of Soviet Mathematics 4 Monatshefte für Mathematik 4 SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 4 Probability Theory and Related Fields 4 Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Mathematical Sciences 4 Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré. Physique Théorique 4 Potential Analysis 4 Geometry & Topology 4 Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems 3 Classical and Quantum Gravity 3 Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 3 Journal d’Analyse Mathématique 3 Linear and Multilinear Algebra 3 Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 3 Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 3 The Mathematical Intelligencer 3 Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática 3 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 3 Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 3 Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society 3 Nagoya Mathematical Journal 3 Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. Series II 3 Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series A 3 Rendiconti del Circolo Matemàtico di Palermo. Serie II 3 Systems & Control Letters 3 Chinese Annals of Mathematics. Series B 3 International Journal of Mathematics 3 Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA 3 Annals of Physics 3 Sbornik: Mathematics 3 Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) 3 Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 3 Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 3 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie V 2 Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 2 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2 Discrete Mathematics 2 International Journal of Control 2 Journal of Statistical Physics 2 Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences ...and 214 more Serials
all top 5
### Cited in 59 Fields
620 Differential geometry (53-XX) 497 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 393 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 107 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX) 75 Quantum theory (81-XX) 71 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 67 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 67 Operator theory (47-XX) 58 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 56 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 54 Functional analysis (46-XX) 54 Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX) 50 Algebraic topology (55-XX) 45 Algebraic geometry (14-XX) 37 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 37 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 33 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 33 Mechanics of particles and systems (70-XX) 27 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 25 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 24 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 22 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 20 Nonassociative rings and algebras (17-XX) 20 Potential theory (31-XX) 18 Real functions (26-XX) 17 Abstract harmonic analysis (43-XX) 16 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 15 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 15 Geometry (51-XX) 15 Convex and discrete geometry (52-XX) 12 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 10 Measure and integration (28-XX) 10 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) 9 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX) 9 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 9 General topology (54-XX) 9 Statistics (62-XX) 8 Optics, electromagnetic theory (78-XX) 7 Number theory (11-XX) 6 Combinatorics (05-XX) 6 Special functions (33-XX) 6 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 6 Game theory, economics, finance, and other social and behavioral sciences (91-XX) 5 Associative rings and algebras (16-XX) 5 Computer science (68-XX) 4 History and biography (01-XX) 4 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 4 Integral equations (45-XX) 3 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 3 Operations research, mathematical programming (90-XX) 2 Commutative algebra (13-XX) 2 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 2 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 2 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer (80-XX) 2 Geophysics (86-XX) 2 Information and communication theory, circuits (94-XX) 1 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 1 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 1 Astronomy and astrophysics (85-XX)
### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata.
| 2022-07-03T18:18:18 |
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https://pos.sissa.it/395/868/
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Volume 395 - 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021) - GAI - Gamma Ray Indirect
Statistical properties of flux variations in blazar light curves at GeV and TeV energies
S.M. Wagner*, P. Burd, D. Dorner, K. Mannheim, S. Buson, A. Gokus, G. Madejski, J. Scargle, A. Arbet-Engels, D. Baack, M. Balbo, A. Biland, T. Bretz, J. Buss, D. Elsaesser, L. Eisenberger, D. Hildebrand, R. Iotov, A. Kalenski, D. Neise, M. Noethe, A. Paravac, W. Rhode, B. Schleicher, V. Sliusar and R. Walteret al. (click to show)
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: July 06, 2021
Published on: March 18, 2022
Abstract
Despite numerous detections of individual flares, the physical origin of the rapid variability observed from blazars remains uncertain.
Using Bayesian blocks and the Eisenstein-Hut HOP algorithm, we characterize flux variations of high significance in the $\gamma$-ray light curves of two samples of blazars. Daily binned long-term light curves of TeV-bright blazars observed with the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) are compared to those of GeV-bright blazars observed with the Large Area Telescope on board the $Fermi$ Gamma-ray Space Telescope ($Fermi$-LAT). We find no evidence for systematic asymmetry of the flux variations based on the derived rise and decay time scales. Additionally, we show that the daily-binned blazar light curves can be described by an exponential stochastic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with parameters depending on energy. Our analysis suggests that the flux variability in both samples is a superposition of faster fluctuations. This is, for instance, challenging to explain by shock-acceleration but expected for magnetic reconnection.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0868
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Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
| 2022-07-05T18:33:12 |
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https://pos.sissa.it/340/630/
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Volume 340 - The 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP2018) - Parallel: Beyond the Standard Model
Search for Light Scalars Produced in Association with a Z boson at the 250 GeV stage of the ILC
Y. Wang,* J. List, M. Berggren on behalf of the International Large Detector concept group
*corresponding author
Full text: pdf
Published on: August 02, 2019
Abstract
In many models with extended Higgs sectors, e.g. Two Higgs Doublet Model, Next-to-Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model and Randall Sundrum model, there exists a light scalar $S^{0}$, lighter
than the Standard Model (SM) like Higgs, and the coupling of $S^{0}ZZ$ can be very small, as expected
from the likeness of the 125 GeV Higgs boson measured at the LHC to the SM Higgs boson.
Such a light scalar with suppressed couplings to the Z boson would have escaped detection at
LEP due to its limited luminosity. With a factor of 1000 higher luminosity and polarized beams,
the International Linear Collider (ILC) is expected to have substantial discovery potential for such
states. Furthermore, searches for additional scalars at LEP and LHC are usually dependent on the
model details, such as decay channels. Thus, it is necessary to have a more general analysis with
model-independent assumptions.
In this work, we perform a search for a light higgs boson produced in association with Z boson at
the ILC with a center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV, using the full Geant4-based simulation of the
ILD detector concept. In order to be as model-independent as possible, the analysis is performed
using the recoil technique, in particular with the Z boson decaying into a pair of muons. As a
preliminary result, exclusion cross-section limits for different higgs masses between 10 and 120
GeV are given in terms of a scale factor k with respect to the Standard Model Higgs-strahlung
process cross section.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.340.0630
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.
Open Access
Copyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
| 2020-08-10T23:02:38 |
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http://dlmf.nist.gov/35.4
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§35.4 Partitions and Zonal Polynomials
§35.4(i) Definitions
A partition is a vector of nonnegative integers, listed in nonincreasing order. Also, denotes , the weight of ; denotes the number of nonzero ; denotes the vector .
The partitional shifted factorial is given by
where .
See Muirhead (1982, pp. 68–72) for the definition and properties of the Haar measure . See Hua (1963, p. 30), Constantine (1963), James (1964), and Macdonald (1995, pp. 425–431) for further information on (35.4.2) and (35.4.3). Alternative notations for the zonal polynomials are (Muirhead (1982, pp. 227–239)), (Takemura (1984, p. 22)), and (Faraut and Korányi (1994, pp. 228–236)).
§35.4(ii) Properties
35.4.4
¶ Orthogonal Invariance
Therefore is a symmetric polynomial in the eigenvalues of .
| 2013-06-20T04:11:53 |
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https://www.nist.gov/mml/csd/chemical-informatics-group/lennard-jones-fluid-reference-calculations-cuboid-cell
|
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Lennard-Jones Fluid Reference Calculations: Cuboid Cell
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In this section, we provide sample configurations of Lennard-Jones atoms in cuboid cells and report the internal energy and pair virial for those configurations. These sample configurations and reference calculations can be used to validate the energy and force routines for an existing or new molecular simulation code.
1. Sample Configurations of Lennard-Jones Atoms
Four sample configurations of Lennard-Jones atoms are available for download as a gzipped tarball archive. This archive contains five files: the four sample configuration files and one metadata file that explains the format of the sample configurations. These configurations should be converted to the configuration file format native to a user's simulation software. All configurations addressed in this section are in a cuboid simulation cell, i.e., all lattice angles are 90°.
2. Reference Calculations for the Internal Energy and Pair Virial
The following table contains calculations of the pair internal energy (Upair), the instantaneous pair virial (Wpair), and the appropriate tail correction to the internal energy (ULRC) for the four sample configurations in Section 1, where periodic boundary conditions [1,2] (also known as the minimum-image convention) were applied to all three Cartesian directions. The definition of these energetic terms are given below in Section 3. The reference calculations are for three truncation schemes: (1) potential truncation at a cutoff radius (rc) of 3σ (σ is the Lennard-Jones diameter), with long-range corrections (LRC), (2) potential truncation at rc=4σ, with long-range corrections, and (3) potential truncation at rc=3σ, with the linear-force shift applied at the cutoff radius (LFS). All sample energies and distances are given in appropriate Lennard-Jones reduced units, denoted by the superscript "*".
LRC, rc*=3.0 LRC, rc*=4.0 LFS, rc*=3.0 Configuration Upair* Wpair* ULRC* Upair* Wpair* ULRC* Upair* Wpair* ULRC* 1 -4.3515E+03 -5.6867E+02 -1.9849E+02 -4.4675E+03 -1.2639E+03 -8.3769E+01 -3.8709E+03 3.1754E+02 0.0000E0 2 -6.9000E+02 -5.6846E+02 -2.4230E+01 -7.0460E+02 -6.5599E+02 -1.0226E+01 -6.2012E+02 -4.4533E+02 0.0000E0 3 -1.1467E+03 -1.1649E+03 -4.9622E+01 -1.1754E+03 -1.3371E+03 -2.0942E+01 -1.0210E+03 -9.3578E+02 0.0000E0 4 -1.6790E+01 -4.6249E+01 -5.4517E-01 -1.7060E+01 -4.7869E+01 -2.3008E-01 -1.5001E+01 -4.3096E+01 0.0000E0
3. Definitions
For the reference calculations given here, the following definitions are relevant:
A. The traditional Lennard-Jones Potential is given by:
$$\Large V_{LJ}\left(r\right)=4\epsilon\left[\left(\dfrac{\sigma}{r}\right)^{12}-\left(\dfrac{\sigma}{r}\right)^6\right]$$
B. When the "Long-Range Correction" (LRC) is applied to the tail of the Lennard-Jones Potential, the actual potential in a molecular simulation is given by:
$$\Large V\left(r\right) = \begin{cases} V_{LJ} \left( r \right) & r \leq r_c \\ 0 & r > r_c \end{cases}$$
C. When the "Linear-Force Shift" is applied to the tail of the Lennard-Jones Potential, the actual potential in a molecular simulation is given by:
$$\Large V\left( r \right) = \begin{cases} V_{LJ} \left( r \right) - V_{LJ} \left(r_c\right) - \left. \dfrac{\partial V_{LJ}}{\partial r}\right|_{r_c} \left(r-r_c\right) & r \leq r_c \\ 0 & r > r_c \end{cases}$$
D. The pair internal energy is given by the following equation, where V(r) is the simulated pair potential:
$$\Large U_{pair} = \sum_{i=1}^{N-1} \sum_{j=i+1}^N V\left(r_{ij}\right)$$
E. The Long-Range correction to the Lennard-Jones potential, per particle, is given by [1,2]:
$$\Large U_{LRC} = \dfrac{1}{2} 4 \pi \rho \int _{r_c} ^{\infty} dr~r^2~V_{LJ} \left( r \right)$$
F. The instantaneous pair virial is given by:
$$\Large W_{pair} = -\sum_{i=1}^{N-1} \sum_{j=i+1}^N r_{ij} \left.\dfrac{\partial V}{\partial r}\right|_{r_{ij}}$$
References
1. M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Computer Simulation of Liquids (Oxford University Press, New York, 1989).
2. D. Frenkel and B. Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulation, 2nd ed. (Academic, San Diego, 2002), pp.37-38.
Created November 29, 2012, Updated October 28, 2021
| 2021-11-29T08:25:25 |
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https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10085171-search-light-resonances-decaying-boosted-quark-pairs-produced-association-photon-jet-protonproton-collisions-atlas-detector
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Search for light resonances decaying to boosted quark pairs and produced in association with a photon or a jet in proton–proton collisions at $s=13TeV$ with the ATLAS detector
| 2022-08-07T16:35:41 |
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https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10283590-hskl-machine-learning-framework-hyperspectral-image-analysis
|
This content will become publicly available on July 19, 2022
HSKL: A Machine Learning Framework for Hyperspectral Image Analysis
A new framework for advanced machine learning-based analysis of hyperspectral datasets HSKL was built using the well-known package scikit-learn. In this paper, we describe HSKL’s structure and basic usage. We also showcase the diversity of models supported by the package by applying 17 classification algorithms and measure their baseline performance in segmenting objects with highly similar spectral properties.
Authors:
; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10283590
Journal Name:
2021 11th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)
ISSN:
2158-6276
5. PmagPy Online: Jupyter Notebooks, the PmagPy Software Package and the Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC) Database Lisa Tauxe$^1$, Rupert Minnett$^2$, Nick Jarboe$^1$, Catherine Constable$^1$, Anthony Koppers$^2$, Lori Jonestrask$^1$, Nick Swanson-Hysell$^3$ $^1$Scripps Institution of Oceanography, United States of America; $^2$ Oregon State University; $^3$ University of California, Berkely; [email protected] The Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC), hosted at http://earthref.org/MagIC is a database that serves as a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) archive for paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data. It has a flexible, comprehensive data model that can accomodate most kinds of paleomagnetic data. The PmagPy software package is a cross-platform and open-source set ofmore »
| 2022-05-22T22:18:20 |
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http://comingo.gov.vn/binary-option-vega-formula
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# Binary Option Vega Formula
$\nu = S \phi \left ( d1 \right ) \sqrt{t}$ ${\small where: \phi\left ( d1 \right ) = \frac{e^{-\frac{d1^{2}}{2}}}{\sqrt{2\pi}} } ;$ ${\small d1 = \frac{ln \left( \frac{S}{K} \right ) + …. In Excel the formula looks like this: =EXP(-1*POWER(K44,2)/2)/SQRT(2*PI()) … where K44 is the cell where you have calculated d1 (see first part) The formula can formula interpreted by first decomposing a call option into the difference of two binary options:. Pointer to any of signals profit trade binary louis option trading. May 01, 2017 · Vega measures how much the option’s price will move given a 1% move in volatility, and is quoted as such, with a Vega of 0.25 meaning the option binary option vega formula should rise 0.25 for every 1% rise in volatility of the option’s underlying asset. Black-Scholes Formulas for Option Greeks. b>Option analyser. Option Pricing Methodologies 4 3.1. May 25, 2019 · Reliable Binary Options Broker with a ☆Profit of up to 90%☆ Totally Free 1000 Demo account! Jul 28, 2020 · Vega is very important and a slight change in implied volatility results in a very significant change in price of options In fact, the Black–Scholes formula for the price of a vanilla call option (or put option) can be interpreted by decomposing a call option into an asset-or-nothing call option minus a cash-or-nothing call option, and similarly for a put – the binary options are easier to analyze, and binary option vega formula …. 3. Additionally, I updated the Binary Vega formula. Binary option second binary options bonuses given by altredo october delta formula minute binary halal, vega of binary option no deposit binary option demo account no bonus november system binary currency binary options bonuses are binary trading comparison, best binary Price = dbltouchbybls (RateSpec,StockSpec,Settle,Maturity,BarrierSpec,Barrier,Payoff) calculates double one-touch and double no-touch binary options using Black-Scholes option pricing model Price = touchybls (RateSpec,StockSpec,Settle,Maturity,BarrierSpec,Barrier,Payoff) calculates one-touch and no-touch binary options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model With the abundance of binary …. Vega Long, Delta Neutral to bullish Straplong straddle, option modelling excel, option trading strategies, straddle, On Black-Scholes Equation. 100% Free Binary Options. Theta measures the change in the value sistema de comercio to the change calculator the time black maturity of the option Apr 16, 2020 · Vega falls as the option gets closer to expiration. \[ \nu = S \phi \left ( d1 \right ) \sqrt{t}$ ${\small where: \phi\left ( d1 \right ) = \frac{e^{-\frac{d1^{2}}{2}}}{\sqrt{2\pi}} } ;$ \[ {\small d1 = \frac{ln \left( \frac{S}{K} \right ) + … Binary Option Vega [Binary Option.The trader sells a 1,250 gold digital option with an expiry at the end of the day.3, Problem in Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, 7e is based on this application.Here is a quick look at commonly used volatility indicators, in a hand basket. porque é suficiente que o preço varie mesmo em um ponto para que um trader que adivinhou corretamente a binary option vega formula direção.
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B binary options vega profile :In fact, the Black–Scholes formula for the price of a vanilla call option (or put option) can be interpreted by decomposing a call option into an asset-or-nothing call option minus a cash-or-nothing call option, and similarly for a put – the binary options are easier Bonus Bitcoin Website to analyze, and correspond to the two terms in the Black–Scholes formula Leading South African Crypto Exchange Raises $3.4M A vantagem das opções binárias é que: A distância que o preço se movimenta não oq é otc opções binárias opções binárias o que é importa, porque é suficiente que o preço varie mesmo em um ponto para que um trader que adivinhou corretamente a binary option vega formula direção. Exotic Options 3 2.1. + Register and Get Best Trading Strategy … Related Trading Articles★★★ Watch Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega [Fx Option Greeks] – Fx Option Greeks Reliable Binary Options Broker with a ☆Profit of up to 95%☆ Totally Free 1000$ Demo … Continue reading Watch Option Greeks: Delta – Binary. It is the main literature for the course “Options and. Create a replicating portfolio for the gap call option consisting of cash-or-nothing binary option vega formula call options and asset-or-nothing call options. Programme The Software. A stock XYZ is trading at $46 in May and a JUN 50 call is selling for$2. Binary Options Developers.
| 2020-11-24T03:52:29 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10395011-tautomerism-unveils-self-inhibition-mechanism-crystallization
|
Tautomerism unveils a self-inhibition mechanism of crystallization
Abstract
Modifiers are commonly used in natural, biological, and synthetic crystallization to tailor the growth of diverse materials. Here, we identify tautomers as a new class of modifiers where the dynamic interconversion between solute and its corresponding tautomer(s) produces native crystal growth inhibitors. The macroscopic and microscopic effects imposed by inhibitor-crystal interactions reveal dual mechanisms of inhibition where tautomer occlusion within crystals that leads to natural bending, tunes elastic modulus, and selectively alters the rate of crystal dissolution. Our study focuses on ammonium urate crystallization and shows that the keto-enol form of urate, which exists as a minor tautomer, is a potent inhibitor that nearly suppresses crystal growth at select solution alkalinity and supersaturation. The generalizability of this phenomenon is demonstrated for two additional tautomers with relevance to biological systems and pharmaceuticals. These findings offer potential routes in crystal engineering to strategically control the mechanical or physicochemical properties of tautomeric materials.
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10395011
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Volume:
14
Issue:
1
ISSN:
2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
National Science Foundation
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1. Solution crystallization is a part of the synthesis of materials ranging from geological and biological minerals to pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and advanced electronic components. Attempts to predict the structure, growth rates and properties of emerging crystals have been frustrated, in part, by the poor understanding of the correlations between the oligomeric state of the solute, the growth unit, and the crystal symmetry. To explore how a solute monomer or oligomer is selected as the unit that incorporates into kinks and how crystal symmetry impacts this selection, we combine scanning probe microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and all-atom molecular simulations using as examples two organic materials, olanzapine (OZPN) and etioporphyrin I (EtpI). The dominance of dimeric structures in OZPN crystals has spurred speculation that the dimers preform in the solution, where they capture the majority of the solute, and then assemble into crystals. By contrast, EtpI in crystals aligns in parallel stacks of flat EtpI monomers unrelated by point symmetry. Raman and absorption spectroscopies show that solute monomers are the majority solute species in solutions of both compounds. Surprisingly, the kinetics of incorporation of OZPN into kinks is bimolecular, indicating that the growth unit is a solute dimer, a minority solution component. Themore »
2. Abstract
Anisotropic colloidal crystals are materials with novel optical and electronic properties. However, experimental observations of colloidal single crystals have been limited to relatively isotropic habits. Here, we show DNA-mediated crystallization of two types of nanoparticles with different hydrodynamic radii that form highly anisotropic, hexagonal prism microcrystals with AB2crystallographic symmetry. The DNA directs the nanoparticles to assemble into a non-equilibrium crystal shape that is enclosed by the highest surface energy facets (AB2(10$$\overline 1$$$\overline{1}$0) and AB2(0001)). Simulations and theoretical arguments show that this observation is a consequence of large energy barriers between different terminations of the AB2(10$$\overline 1$$$\overline{1}$0) facet, which results in a significant deceleration of the (10$$\overline 1$$$\overline{1}$0) facet growth rate. In addition to reporting a hexagonal colloidal crystal habit, this work introduces a potentially general plane multiplicity mechanism for growing non-equilibrium crystal shapes, an advance that will be useful for designing colloidal crystal habits with important applications in both optics and photocatalysis.
3. Gravitational waves are detected using resonant optical cavity interferometers. The mirror coatings’ inherent thermal noise and photon scattering limit sensitivity. Crystals within the reflective coating may be responsible for either or both noise sources. In this study, we explored crystallization reduction in zirconia through nano-layering with silica. We used X-ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor crystal growth between successive annealing cycles. We observed crystal formation at higher temperatures in thinner zirconia layers, indicating that silica is a successful inhibitor of crystal growth. However, the thinnest barriers break down at high temperatures, thus allowing crystal growth beyond each nano-layer. In addition, in samples with thicker zirconia layers, we observe that crystallization saturates with a significant portion of amorphous material remaining.
4. Abstract
Crystallization is a ubiquitous means of self-assembly that can organize matter over length scales orders of magnitude larger than those of the monomer units. Yet crystallization is notoriously difficult to control because it is exquisitely sensitive to monomer concentration, which changes as monomers are depleted during growth. Living cells control crystallization using chemical reaction networks that offset depletion by synthesizing or activating monomers to regulate monomer concentration, stabilizing growth conditions even as depletion rates change, and thus reliably yielding desired products. Using DNA nanotubes as a model system, here we show that coupling a generic reversible bimolecular monomer buffering reaction to a crystallization process leads to reliable growth of large, uniformly sized crystals even when crystal growth rates change over time. Buffering could be applied broadly as a simple means to regulate and sustain batch crystallization and could facilitate the self-assembly of complex, hierarchical synthetic structures.
5. Abstract
The process of crystallization is often understood in terms of the fundamental microstructural elements of the crystallite being formed, such as surface orientation or the presence of defects. Considerably less is known about the role of the liquid structure on the kinetics of crystal growth. Here atomistic simulations and machine learning methods are employed together to demonstrate that the liquid adjacent to solid-liquid interfaces presents significant structural ordering, which effectively reduces the mobility of atoms and slows down the crystallization kinetics. Through detailed studies of silicon and copper we discover that the extent to which liquid mobility is affected by interface-induced ordering (IIO) varies greatly with the degree of ordering and nature of the adjacent interface. Physical mechanisms behind the IIO anisotropy are explained and it is demonstrated that incorporation of this effect on a physically-motivated crystal growth model enables the quantitative prediction of the growth rate temperature dependence.
| 2023-03-26T16:45:09 |
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https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/download/4746/4546
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Detonation Output Properties of D-shape Structure
The detonation wave propagation and output properties have been analyzed for D-shape structure. Four initiation modes were designed to compare wavefront profiles and output pressure distribution. Simulation results show that three-array-nine-point initiation mode (Mode-Ill) brings about the most match-up wave front for D-shape structure. Detonation output properties have great influence on fragment ejection velocity and distribution density. The statistical results reveal that fragment parameters of Mode-III are the largest. Compared with Mode-III, the kinetic energies of other three modes decrease by 31.6 per cent, 19.6 per cent, 4.5 per cent, respectively. The computational values and normal curve of fragments distribution are obtained. From these analyses, it can be concluded that initiation mode has great influence on output parameters of fragments. With the optimal initiation Mode-III, ideal hitting angle should be within the range of −10° to 10°, the probability of distribution density would be close to 70 per cent.
PCJ Detonation C-J pressure DCJ Detonation velocity A Parameter of JWL equation B Parameter of JWL equation R1 Parameter of JWL equation R2 Parameter of JWL equation E Young’s modulus Greek symbols ξ Intersection angle ρ Material density ω Parameter of JWL equation ν Poisson’s ratio σ Material yield stress β Hardening parameter Subscripts CJ Chapman-Jouguet
Since the first recognition of detonation phenomenon inthe last century, the propagation rule of detonation wave hadintrigued great concern. As one of typical research issues, thebehaviour and control of detonation wave propagation afterinteractions such as regular reflection and Mach reflection1-3 had been widely studied. In these studies, the detonation wavecould be affected by the diameter and curvature of chargeunder certain conditions4-6. Numerical simulation was a strong tool for the investigation of detonation wave structure anddynamics since the first three-dimensional wave was simulated by Williams7, et al. By means of designing three kinds of shock configurations, Teng8 studied the induction zone structures of oblique detonation waves with different Mach numbers. Zhang9 designed a double-layer cylindrical high explosives configuration, where regular and irregular reflections of detonation waves were observed in computational program. At the collision point of Mach reflection, the maximum pressure can be upto 4-time of Chapman-Jouguet pressure. Wei10 investigated detonation wave propagation of a D-shape confined structure which was controlled by three initiation points.
In fact, detonation wavefront is mainly controlled by initiation position and initiation number for a certain confined structure. Multi-point initiation is a well-known method to achieve a favourable wave11-12. In virtue of interactions of detonation waves, an expected wavefront appears. However, wavefront configuration would be quite complicated as the result of wave collisions and convergences. Compared with experiment, detonation wave propagation and ejection process can be observed clearly by numerical simulation13,14.
D-shape structure is a better scheme to achieve directional dispersal of fragments. The purpose of research was to study the influence of detonation configuration with multi-point initiation on detonation output property. Four initiation modes were designed to investigate the evolution processes of detonation wavefronts by numerical simulation. The wave collisions and wave convergences were observed in three-dimensional wave configuration. At the same time, wavefront profiles and their pressure distributions are described in detail. Ejection results of fragments, such as ejection angle, fragment density, kinetic energy in hit angle, are calculated and compared. Based on these studies, the optimal initiation mode is obtained.
2.1 Physical Structure
Usually the shape of confined shell for charge is cylindrical, and the fragments are symmetrically arranged along the cylinder circumference. However, D-shape geometric configuration has compressed explosive charge on one side, while the fragments are laid out on another side. This premade structure will lead a higher density fragment cloud to explode toward the target, which can not only increase the efficiency of explosive charge, but enhances damage probability to targets. D-shape structure is symmetric about the centreline, the larger curvature side is metallic case and the smaller curvature side is double-row spherical fragments. The condensed high energy explosive is filled in the body case. The cross section of D-shape structure is shown in Fig. 1.
2.2 Initiation Modes Design
To drive fragments in main ejection direction effectively, a match-up wave is needed. According to the design of structure, a match-up wave herein means that the final detonation wave shape needs to fit upper shell profile well. So, the design of initiation mode would be particularly important. That is because the oblique collisions of detonation waves can make the wave shape relatively flat if synchronous multi-point initiation mode is used. It not only make the fragments produce higher ejection velocity, but also makes fragments more concentrative. Namely, increasing synchronous detonation points can improve hitting ability.
Considering actual application of initiation mode, four initiation schemes were designed for D-shape structure. Side single initiation point (Mode-I), side three initiation points (Mode-II), side three-array-nine-point initiation mode (Modelli and Mode-IV) are presented in Fig. 2. In Mode-I, the initiation point is placed in the centre of the curved surface. Three points are located on the middle cross section side surface in Mode-II. The three points in each array of Mode-III are placed in quartered point of generatrix. For Mode-IV, initiation points are middle point of generatrix, two points of L/3 to middle point in axial distance. According to previous studies, when intersection angle % is set to 19°, the kill kinetic energy of fragments can be improved10.
3.1 Numerical Model
The three-dimensional finite element model is made up of five parts including fragments, explosive, case, upper shell and lid, which is calculated by LS-DYNA code. Lagrange method can trace the boundaries of materials and display the whole drive process from explosive initiation to fragment dispersion. So explosive, case, upper shell, lid, and fragments are all established with Lagrangian meshes. Sliding contact algorithm is used for the contact between explosive and upper shell, while surface-to-surface contact algorithm is applied between upper shell and fragments. Three-dimensional finite element model is shown in Fig. 3.
There are two rows of fragments along the upper shell, the inner one has 34 fragments and the outer one has 33 fragments. A total of 1206 fragments, 18 layers are arranged along the axial direction.
3.2 Material Model and Parameters
Comp B charge is used for explosive, meanwhile the MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN material model and JWL equation of state are adopted15. JWL can accurately describe the characteristics of pressure, volume and energy of detonation product in the driven process of detonation.
$P=A\left(1-\frac{\text{ω}}{{R}_{1}V}\right){e}^{-{R}_{1}V}+B\left(1-\frac{\text{ω}}{{R}_{2}V}\right){e}^{-{R}_{2}V}+\frac{\text{ω}E}{V}$ (1)
The detonation product pressure P is expressed as the function of relative volume V and internal energy E, A, B, R1 R2 and ro constants are determined by tests, the parameters of explosion property and the JWL equation of state are shown in Table 1.
The steel material is used for the shell and case, elastic and plastic deformation of the material is easily occurred under detonation, so MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC material model is selected for the material model. The material of performed fragments is steel ball. MAT_RIGID material model is used to ensure integrity of fragments in the process of ejection15. The main material parameters are shown in Table 2.
4.1 Propagation characteristics of Detonation Wave
On the basis of interaction mechanism of multi-point initiation of detonation wave, four kinds of detonation wave propagation characteristics are analysed in Figs 4-7. The propagation process of detonation wave is described respectively from initial initiation to wavefront reaching the upper shell. The figures of detonation wavefront are described by pressure contour.
Single detonation wave propagates with a spherical structure, such as Mode-I. If two or more initiation points are used, the collisions and convergences of these detonation waves would appear. In Mode-II, three detonation waves form two Mach waves at 3.0 μs and then continue to converge to be one. When Mode-III and Mode-IV are adopted, initial nine detonation waves interact to form six Mach waves at 3.0 μs. Later, six waves continue to propagate, collide, and converge. The wavefront of Mode-I reach the upper shell at 14.0 μs, which delays about 0.8 μs than other three modes. That is because Mach wave has the characteristics of high speed and high pressure. Therefore, the formative bumps of Mach waves reach the upper shell first. Compared with Mode-I and Mode-II, other two modes can obtain relatively good driving wave to fit upper shell well.
Multi-wave interaction is a complicated process in which the wavefront transforms from multiple irregular curved surfaces to a smaller curvature surface after the detonation wave interaction. The curvature of detonation wave has an influence on its stability, and the larger curvature surface is less stable. Flat detonation wavefront can make better driving characteristics16. In the case of Mode-III, the axial spacing of initiation points is suitable, and the loading time to upper shell is almost the same. In this condition, the wave curvature of Mode-III is small and stable, and better driven capability can be expected.
4.2 Characteristics of Pressure Distribution
The pressure distribution and wavefront profile are compared for four initiation modes, which are shown in Fig. 8.
When detonation wave reaches the upper shell and the case, the blast compression wave expands outwards, whereas rarefaction wave moves inwards. Expansion waves penetrate into the reaction zone and attenuate detonation wave pressure. Influenced by rarefaction wave, wavefront pressure close to upper shell is 23 GPa, which is 8 per cent lower than the detonation CJ pressure. Multi-point initiation modes have some obvious pressure augment zones where collision and convergence of multi waves occur. The maximum pressure is up to 29 GPa, which increases by 26 per cent. Moreover, it can be seen clearly that wavefront pressure of the side is lower than that of the centre.
From four wavefront profiles, the most match-up wave shape is produced by Mode-III. Enough initiation points and adequate arrangement are all indispensible. It can be predicted that the fragments would be ejected in a more focused way by the match-up wave.
4.3 Characteristics of Fragment Ejection
When explosive is initiated, the explosive energy is stored inside the case until the explosive pressure exceeds the fracture and yield strength of the case. Before breaking apart, the upper shell will deform firstly to drive outer fragments, thus the fragments obtain high ejection velocity. Fig. 9 shows the ejection results of fragments at 80 ps for four initiation modes.
When using single-point mode, distribution is quite uniform around the circumferential direction. The fragments cloud has the same velocity in Mode-I. There are relatively concentrative fragments that are driven in azimuthal direction for other three initiation modes, where the Mach wave increases the detonation pressure. At the same time, the velocity of fragments in the centre is higher.
The proper detonation wave pressure and profile are favourable for fragment spray. To extensively analyze the effect of the detonation wave on fragments, average velocity, distribution density, and total kinetic energy of fragments are calculated. Table 3 shows the ejection results of fragments by different initiation modes.
The average velocity of Mode-III is 2399.6 m/s, which is 1.17, 1.15, and 1.01 times the velocity of Mode-I, Mode-II and Mode-IV, respectively. If the lethal zone angle is 30°, the distribution density of Mode-III is 81.84 pieces/m2. In contrast with Mode-III, the distribution density of other three modes decrease by 10.5 per cent, 3.7 per cent, and 4.3 per cent, respectively. That is to say, much more fragments are loaded to spray into the lethal zone if Mode-III is chosen. The larger total kinetic energy in lethal zone is the higher lethality performance could be. The statistical results reveal that the total kinetic energy of fragments of Mode-III is the largest. Compared with Mode-III, the kinetic energies of other modes decrease by 31.6 per cent, 19.6 per cent, and 4.5 per cent, respectively.
4.4 Fragment Distribution
From these analyses, the Mode-III is the optimal initiation mode which has an excellent output property of fragments. The distribution density of fragments by initiation Mode-III is computed, which is displayed in Fig. 10. The comparison of computational data with experimental data shows a good fit.
To interpret these data, a fitted curve is done. The fragment density is given by a Normal distribution of f(x) with respect to ejection angle x, the mathematic model can be expressed as Eqn. (2). Here, the geometric mean μ = 0, standard deviation σ = 10.
$f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{10\sqrt{2\text{π}}}{e}^{-\frac{{x}^{2}}{2×{10}^{2}}}$ (2)
It can be observed that the distribution density is symmetrical about the N'N which is shown in Fig. 8(b). Moreover, the largest number of fragments appears in the direction of N'N. Within the range of −10° to 10°, the probability of distribution density is close to 70 per cent. If the target comes into the ejection angle (-10°, 10°), a large number of effective fragments would be ejected toward the target. It has been proved that the damage efficiency of Mode-III is excellent.
Three-dimensional simulations were carried out to investigate the detonation wave propagation and detonation output properties for D-shape structure. Detonation wave configuration has great influence on fragment ejection, whereas wave configuration is controlled by initiation mode for a certain structure. Here, four initiation modes are designed to study the detonation wavefront profiles. Spherical wave propagation, collision and convergence are all observed, and pressure distributions of wavefronts are obtained. Simulation results show that three-array-nine-point initiation mode (Mode-III) can produce a match-up wave. Considering output property of detonation, the average velocity, ejection angle, distribution density, and total kinetic energy of Mode-III are all larger than those of other modes. Thus, it can be drawn that Mode-III provides an ideal detonation wave to obtain the largest lethal performance in hitting angle, and the fragment density fits a normal distribution.
The research presented in this paper was supported by the project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology (ZBKT09-07).
1. Skews, B. & Blitterswijk, A. Shock wave reflection off coupled surface. Shock Waves, 2011, 21, 491-498. [Full text via CrossRef]
2. Jimmy, V; Andrew, J. H. & Robert, A. S. Formation of transverse waves in oblique detonation. P Combust. Inst., 2013, 34, 1913-1920. [Full text via CrossRef]
3. Barnat, W. Experimental and numerical study of influence of incidence angle of shock wave created by explosive charge on the steel plate. Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech, 2014, 62(1), 151-163. [Full text via CrossRef]
4. Kobylkin, I.F. Relation between the critical detonation diameter of explosive charges with characteristics of their shock-wave sensitivity. Combust. Explo. Shock+, 2009, 45(3), 326-330. [Full text via CrossRef]
5. Cheval, K.; Loiseau, O. & Vala, V. Laboratory scale tests for the assessment of solid explosive blast effects. J. Loss Prevent. Proc., 2012, 25, 436-442. [Full text via CrossRef]
6. Frank, R. & Souers, P. Clark. Corner turning of detonation waves in an HMX-based paste explosive. Propell. Explos. Pyrot., 2000, 25, 172-178. [Full text via CrossRef]
7. Williams, D.N.; Bauwens, L. & Oran, E.S. A numerical study of the mechanisms of self-reignition in low-overdrive detonations. Shock Waves, 1996, 6(2), 93-110. [Full text via CrossRef]
8. Teng, H.H.; Zhang, Y.N. & Jiang, Z.L. Numerical investigation on the induction zone structure of the oblique detonation waves. Computational Fluids, 2014, 95, 127-131. [Full text via CrossRef]
9. Zhang, X.F.; Huang, Z.X. & Qiao, L. Detonation wave propagation in double-layer cylindrical high explosive charges. Propell. Explos. Pyrot., 2011, 36, 210-218. [Full text via CrossRef]
10. Wei, J.F.; Li, N.; Wen, Y.Q. & Wang, W.J. Initiation style optimization of aimed warhead by numerical simulation. J. Beijing Inst. Tech., 2008, 17(3), 285-289.
11. Li, W.B.; Wang, X.M. & Li, W.B. The effect of annular multi-point initiation on the formation and penetration of an explosively formed penetrator. Int. J. Impact Eng., 2010, 37: 414-424. [Full text via CrossRef]
12. Cao, H.Y.; Chu, E.Y.; Qin, G.S.; Zhou, M.; Liu, T. & Zeng, Z.G. Numerical simulation of overpressure detonation by multi-point array. Acta Armamentarii, 2012, 33, 56-60.
13. Wang, C.; Shu, C.W. & Han, W.H. High resolution WENO simulation of 3D detonation waves. Combustion Flame, 2013, 160(2), 447-462. [Full text via CrossRef]
14. Frolov, S. M.; Dubrovskii, A. V. & Ivanov, V. S. Threedimensional numerical simulation of the operation of the rotating-detonation chamber. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B+, 2012, 6(2), 276-288. [Full text via CrossRef]
15. LSTC. Ls-dyna keyword user’s manual (Version 971). Livermore Software Technology Corporation, California, 2007.
16. Watt, S.D. & Sharpe, G.J. Linear and nonlinear dynamics of cylindrically and spherically expanding detonation waves. J. FluidMech., 2005, 522, 329-356. [Full text via CrossRef]
Dr Ji-Feng Wei, PhD, is presently working as an Associate Professor in the School of Mechatronical Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. He teaches impact mechanics and structural design. His research interests include: explosion mechanics, FE Analysis and impact mechanics. Mr Chao Zhang is currently a PhD student at the Beijing Institute of Technology, China. His current research interests include: detonation theory and technology, high-speed penetration and collision, shaped charge, and numerical simulation technology. Dr Shu-Shan Wang, PhD, is currently a Professor in the School of Mechatronical Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology, China. He teaches terminal effect and structural design. His research interests include: explosion mechanics, impact mechanics and terminal damage effect.
| 2020-02-28T20:56:24 |
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http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.46
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# §4.46 Tables
Extensive numerical tables of all the elementary functions for real values of their arguments appear in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 4). This handbook also includes lists of references for earlier tables, as do Fletcher et al. (1962) and Lebedev and Fedorova (1960).
For 40D values of the first 500 roots of , see Robinson (1972). (These roots are zeros of the Bessel function ; see §10.21.)
For 10S values of the first five complex roots of , , and , for selected positive values of , see Fettis (1976).
| 2013-05-25T22:14:51 |
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https://www.zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Aliang.jin
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# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Liang, Jin
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Author ID: liang.jin Published as: Liang, J.; Liang, Jin Homepage: http://www.math.sjtu.edu.cn/faculty/show.php?id=82 External Links: MGP · Wikidata
Documents Indexed: 183 Publications since 1989, including 1 Book Reviewing Activity: 127 Reviews
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#### Co-Authors
5 single-authored 136 Xiao, Ti-Jun 15 Ding, Huisheng 10 Li, Fang 10 Liu, James Hetao 8 Zhang, Jun 7 N’Guérékata, Gaston Mandata 6 Hao, Zhaocai 5 Li, Chan 5 Wang, Rongnian 5 Xio, Tijun 4 Huang, Falun 4 Huang, Tingwen 4 Jin, Kunpeng 4 Li, Ke 4 Lv, Zhiwei 4 Yan, Sheng-Hua 3 Cai, Longsheng 3 Fan, Zhenbin 3 Mu, Yunyi 3 O’Regan, Donal 3 Shi, Guanghua 3 van Casteren, J. A. W. 2 Agarwal, Ravi P. 2 Chen, Jianhua 2 Cuevas, Claudio 2 Gao, Yuan 2 Ge, Chi-Shui 2 Hu, Lianggen 2 Lin, Yu 2 Lu, Tzontzer 2 Nagel, Rainer J. 2 Xu, Hong-Kun 2 Yang, He 2 Zhang, Jinguo 2 Zhu, Huan 1 Andrade, Bruno 1 Batty, Charles J. K. 1 Cao, Buinggang 1 Cao, Junyi 1 Chandok, Sumit 1 Deng, Jianping 1 Diagana, Toka 1 Dong, Chuan-Lei 1 Gao, Jianwei 1 Ge, Cishui 1 Li, Hong-Xu 1 Luo, Shuaibing 1 Maniar, Lahcen 1 Nguyen, M. Van 1 Santos, Lisa 1 Soto, Herme 1 Wang, Huan-Yu 1 Wang, Huiwen 1 Wang, Libe 1 Wang, Lihe 1 Xu, Yashan 1 Ye, Qixiao 1 Zhou, Xianfeng 1 Zhu, Xingxing
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#### Serials
20 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 15 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 11 Advances in Difference Equations 9 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 6 Journal of Differential Equations 5 Applied Mathematics and Computation 5 Fixed Point Theory and Applications 4 Acta Mathematica Sinica 4 Journal of Sichuan University. Natural Science Edition 3 Applicable Analysis 3 Journal of Functional Analysis 3 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 3 Semigroup Forum 3 Applied Mathematics Letters 3 Mathematical and Computer Modelling 3 Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 3 Journal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis 3 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 2 International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 2 Chinese Annals of Mathematics. Series A 2 Journal of Partial Differential Equations 2 Electronic Journal of Differential Equations (EJDE) 2 Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society - Simon Stevin 2 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2 Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2 Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 2 Nonlinear Analysis. Real World Applications 2 Journal of Evolution Equations 2 Dynamics of Continuous, Discrete & Impulsive Systems. Series A. Mathematical Analysis 2 Journal of Applied Mathematics 2 International Journal of Evolution Equations 1 Linear and Multilinear Algebra 1 Physics Letters. A 1 ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 1 Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 1 Advances in Mathematics 1 Indian Journal of Mathematics 1 Integral Equations and Operator Theory 1 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 1 Journal of the London Mathematical Society. Second Series 1 Mathematische Annalen 1 Pacific Journal of Mathematics 1 Portugaliae Mathematica 1 SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 1 Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University 1 Journal of Kunming Institute of Technology 1 Science in China. Series A 1 Differential and Integral Equations 1 Acta Mathematica Sinica. New Series 1 Chinese Science Bulletin 1 Applied Mathematics 1 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 1 Nonlinear Studies 1 Abstract and Applied Analysis 1 Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations 1 Fractional Calculus & Applied Analysis 1 Acta Analysis Functionalis Applicata. AAFA 1 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B 1 Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 1 Analysis and Applications (Singapore) 1 Boundary Value Problems 1 Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1 Communications in Mathematical Analysis 1 Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications 1 Journal of Mathematical Inequalities 1 Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis 1 Journal of Abstract Differential Equations and Applications (JADEA) 1 Axioms 1 Journal of Function Spaces
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#### Fields
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#### Citations contained in zbMATH
134 Publications have been cited 1,648 times in 785 Documents Cited by Year
Pseudo almost automorphic solutions to semilinear differential equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1154.46023
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin; Zhang, Jun
2008
Composition of pseudo almost automorphic and asymptotically almost automorphic functions. Zbl 1134.43001
Liang, Jin; Zhang, Jun; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Nonlocal impulsive problems for nonlinear differential equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1173.34048
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Nonlocal Cauchy problems governed by compact operator families. Zbl 1083.34045
Liang, Jin; Liu, James; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2004
Existence of mild solutions for fractional integrodifferential equations of Sobolev type with nonlocal conditions. Zbl 1242.45009
Li, Fang; Liang, Jin; Xu, Hong-Kun
2012
The Cauchy problem for higher-order abstract differential equations. Zbl 0915.34002
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
1998
Pseudo-almost automorphic mild solutions to nonautonomous differential equations and applications. Zbl 1175.34076
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Zhu, Xing-Xing; Liang, Jin
2009
Semilinear integrodifferential equations with nonlocal initial conditions. Zbl 1068.45014
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2004
Some properties of pseudo-almost automorphic functions and applications to abstract differential equations. Zbl 1162.44002
Liang, Jin; N’Guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Zhang, Jun
2009
A note on the fractional Cauchy problems with nonlocal initial conditions. Zbl 1251.45008
Wang, Rong-Nian; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2011
Nonlocal Cauchy problems for semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1009.34052
Liang, Jin; van Casteren, J.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2002
Decomposition of weighted pseudo-almost periodic functions. Zbl 1198.43004
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Zhang, Jun
2010
Nonlocal problems for integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1163.45010
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Existence of classical solutions to nonautonomous nonlocal parabolic problems. Zbl 1159.35383
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2005
Asymptotically almost automorphic solutions for some integrodifferential equations with nonlocal initial conditions. Zbl 1142.45005
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2008
Solvability of the Cauchy problem for infinite delay equations. Zbl 1058.34106
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2004
Controllability of fractional integro-differential evolution equations with nonlocal conditions. Zbl 1410.93022
Liang, Jin; Yang, He
2015
Almost automorphic solutions to nonautonomous semilinear evolution equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1192.43005
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Solutions to the Cauchy problem for differential equations in Banach spaces with fractional order. Zbl 1228.65136
Lv, Zhi-Wei; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Mild pseudo-almost periodic solutions of nonautonomous semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1165.34387
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; N’guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Pseudo-almost periodicity of some nonautonomous evolution equations with delay. Zbl 1122.34345
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; N’Guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Second order differential operators with Feller-Wentzell type boundary conditions. Zbl 1143.47029
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2008
Abstract degenerate Cauchy problems in locally convex spaces. Zbl 1004.34043
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
2001
Coupled second order semilinear evolution equations indirectly damped via memory effects. Zbl 1264.34121
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2013
A note on semilinear abstract functional differential and integrodifferential equations with infinite delay. Zbl 1082.34543
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; van Casteren, J.
2004
Complete second order differential equations in Banach spaces with dynamic boundary conditions. Zbl 1059.34034
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2004
Approximations of Laplace transforms and integrated semigroups. Zbl 0977.47034
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2000
Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to nonlinear delay integral equations. Zbl 1161.45004
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
On complete second order linear differential equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 0663.34053
Xio, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1990
Coupled second order evolution equations with fading memory: optimal energy decay rate. Zbl 1302.34115
Jin, Kun-Peng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2014
Periodic solutions of delay impulsive differential equations. Zbl 1242.34134
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Some properties of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions and applications to abstract evolution equations. Zbl 1187.43004
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
A solution to an open problem for wave equations with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1035.35061
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2003
On Stepanov-like (pseudo) almost automorphic functions. Zbl 1229.34092
Fan, Zhenbin; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Blow-up and global existence of solutions to integral equations with infinite delay in Banach spaces. Zbl 1238.45009
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Weighted pseudo almost automorphic functions and WPAA solutions to semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1370.34068
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2014
Approximation theorems for the propagators of higher order abstract Cauchy problems. Zbl 1142.34037
Liang, Jin; Nagel, Rainer; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Positive solutions of operator equations on half-line. Zbl 1086.47035
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2006
Second order parabolic equations in Banach spaces with dynamic boundary conditions. Zbl 1086.34051
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2004
Time dependent Desch-Schappacher type perturbations of Volterra integral equations. Zbl 1032.45016
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin; Van Casteren, J.
2002
The Cauchy problem for nonlinear abstract functional differential equations with infinite delay. Zbl 0960.34067
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2000
Complete second order linear differential equations with almost periodic solutions. Zbl 0754.34062
Xio, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1992
Solutions to fractional differential equations with nonlocal initial condition in Banach spaces. Zbl 1196.34009
Lv, Zhi-Wei; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Existence of almost periodic solutions for SICNNs with time-varying delays. Zbl 1223.34059
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Existence and uniqueness of $$C^{(n)}$$-almost periodic solutions to some ordinary differential equations. Zbl 1117.34042
Liang, Jin; Maniar, L.; N’guérékata, G. M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Solutions to nonautonomous abstract functional equations with infinite delay. Zbl 1105.47063
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
2006
Functional differential equations with infinite delay in Banach spaces. Zbl 0743.34082
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
1991
Pseudo almost periodic solutions to integro-differential equations of heat conduction in materials with memory. Zbl 1253.35195
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2012
Existence of positive solutions for singular boundary value problem on time scales. Zbl 1116.34015
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2007
Nonlocal Cauchy problems for nonautonomous evolution equations. Zbl 1143.34320
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2006
A fixed point theorem for convex and decreasing operators. Zbl 1159.47306
Li, Ke; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Higher order abstract Cauchy problems: their existence and uniqueness families. Zbl 1073.34072
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2003
Laplace transforms and integrated, regularized semigroups in locally convex spaces. Zbl 0999.47030
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1997
Positive fixed points for nonlinear operators,. Zbl 1080.47043
Li, Ke; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Uniform exponential stability of solutions to abstract Volterra equations. Zbl 1239.34065
Chen, Jian-Hua; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to neutral nonlinear integral equations. Zbl 1151.45002
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; N’Guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
New existence and uniqueness theorems of positive fixed points for mixed monotone operators with perturbation. Zbl 1115.47044
Li, Ke; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Analyticity of the propagators of second order linear differential equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 0782.47041
Xio, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1992
Second order linear differential equations with almost periodic solutions. Zbl 0749.34035
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1991
Integral solution of a class of nonlinear integral equations. Zbl 1285.45004
Liang, Jin; Yan, Sheng-Hua; Agarwal, Ravi P.; Huang, Ting-Wen
2013
Nonautonomous semilinear second order evolution equations with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1243.35112
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2012
Almost automorphic solutions to abstract fractional differential equations. Zbl 1197.34105
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Positive almost automorphic solutions for a class of non-linear delay integral equations. Zbl 1181.45015
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Existence results for time scale boundary value problem. Zbl 1107.34018
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2006
Higher-order degenerate Cauchy problems in locally convex spaces. Zbl 1096.34035
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Positive solutions of singular differential equations on measure chains. Zbl 1085.34019
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Hao, Zhao-Cai
2005
Hyperbolic singular perturbations for integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1074.45009
Liang, Jin; Liu, James; Xiao, TiJun
2005
New generalizations of Darbo’s fixed point theorem. Zbl 06584102
Cai, Longsheng; Liang, Jin
2015
Composition of Stepanov-like pseudo almost automorphic functions and applications to nonautonomous evolution equations. Zbl 1238.34112
Fan, Zhenbin; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2012
Weighted pseudo almost-periodic functions and applications to semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1244.34083
Zhang, Jun; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2012
On a comparison principle for delay coupled systems with nonlocal and nonlinear boundary conditions. Zbl 1238.35050
Liang, Jin; Wang, Huan-Yu; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Multiplicative perturbations of local $$C$$-regularized semigroups. Zbl 1104.47047
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Li, Fang
2006
Nonautonomous heat equations with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1026.35043
Liang, Jin; Nagel, Rainer; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2003
Multiplicative perturbations of $$C$$-regularized semigroups. Zbl 0997.47035
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2001
Solutions of abstract functional differential equations with infinite delay. Zbl 0744.34065
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
1991
Uniform stability of semilinear wave equations with arbitrary local memory effects versus frictional dampings. Zbl 1412.35323
Jin, Kun-Peng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2019
A new method to obtain uniform decay rates for multidimensional wave equations with nonlinear acoustic boundary conditions. Zbl 1383.93064
Gao, Yuan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2018
Weighted pseudo almost periodic functions and applications to evolution equations with delay. Zbl 1294.34067
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2013
A perturbation theorem of Miyadera type for local $$C$$-regularized semigroups. Zbl 1106.47039
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin; Li, Fang
2006
On the spectral and growth bound of semigroups associated with hyperbolic equations. Zbl 1074.47016
Batty, Charles J. K.; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Perturbations of existence families for abstract Cauchy problems. Zbl 1032.47025
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2002
Exponential stability for abstract linear autonomous functional differential equations with infinite delay. Zbl 0901.34062
Liang, Jin; Huang, Falun; Xiao, Tijun
1998
Integrated semigroups, cosine families and higher order abstract Cauchy problems. Zbl 0840.47034
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1996
Dynamical behaviors of solutions to nonlinear wave equations with vanishing local damping and Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1415.35205
Li, Chan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2018
Quantum Racah matrices up to level 3 and multicolored link invariants. Zbl 1397.57023
Bai, C.; Jiang, J.; Liang, J.; Mironov, A.; Morozov, A.; Morozov, An.; Sleptsov, A.
2018
Boundary stabilization for wave equations with damping only on the nonlinear Wentzell boundary. Zbl 1377.35237
Li, Chan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2017
Periodicity of solutions to the Cauchy problem for nonautonomous impulsive delay evolution equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1364.47047
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Xu, Hong-Kun
2017
Refinements of the Heinz operator inequalities. Zbl 1321.47039
Liang, Jin; Shi, Guanghua
2015
Common fixed points and invariant approximations for noncommuting contraction mappings in strongly convex metric spaces. Zbl 1311.54037
Chandok, Sumit; Liang, Jin; O’Regan, Donal
2014
A nonlocal Cauchy problem for fractional integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1244.45002
Li, Fang; Liang, Jin; Lu, Tzon-Tzer; Zhu, Huan
2012
Nonlocal impulsive Cauchy problems for evolution equations. Zbl 1214.47083
Liang, Jin; Fan, Zhenbin
2011
Iterative algorithms with variable coefficients for asymptotically strict pseudocontractions. Zbl 1202.47074
Ge, Ci-Shui; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Positive solutions to singular and delay higher-order differential equations on time scales. Zbl 1181.34102
Hu, Liang-Gen; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Asymptotic stability of the zero solution for degenerate retarded differential equations. Zbl 1185.34111
Zhou, Xian-Feng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Semigroups arising from elastic systems with dissipation. Zbl 0972.34048
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1997
Entire solutions of higher order abstract Cauchy problems. Zbl 0879.34062
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1997
Parabolicity of a class of higher-order abstract differential equations. Zbl 0816.47050
Xio, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1994
On the well-posedness and the exponential growth of solutions of some complete second order linear differential equations in Banach space. Zbl 0729.34038
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
1990
Functional differential equations with infinite delay in Fréchet space. Zbl 0725.34084
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
1989
Polynomial stability for wave equations with acoustic boundary conditions and boundary memory damping. Zbl 1426.93271
Li, Chan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2018
Uniform stability of semilinear wave equations with arbitrary local memory effects versus frictional dampings. Zbl 1412.35323
Jin, Kun-Peng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2019
A new method to obtain uniform decay rates for multidimensional wave equations with nonlinear acoustic boundary conditions. Zbl 1383.93064
Gao, Yuan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2018
Dynamical behaviors of solutions to nonlinear wave equations with vanishing local damping and Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1415.35205
Li, Chan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2018
Quantum Racah matrices up to level 3 and multicolored link invariants. Zbl 1397.57023
Bai, C.; Jiang, J.; Liang, J.; Mironov, A.; Morozov, A.; Morozov, An.; Sleptsov, A.
2018
Polynomial stability for wave equations with acoustic boundary conditions and boundary memory damping. Zbl 1426.93271
Li, Chan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2018
Boundary stabilization for wave equations with damping only on the nonlinear Wentzell boundary. Zbl 1377.35237
Li, Chan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2017
Periodicity of solutions to the Cauchy problem for nonautonomous impulsive delay evolution equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1364.47047
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Xu, Hong-Kun
2017
Mild solutions to the Cauchy problem for some fractional differential equations with delay. Zbl 1422.35166
Liang, Jin; Mu, Yunyi
2017
S-asymptotically $$\omega$$-periodic solution for fractional differential equations of order $$q\in(0, 1)$$ with finite delay. Zbl 1422.34045
Li, Fang; Liang, Jin; Wang, Huiwen
2017
Observability inequality and decay rate for wave equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. Zbl 1370.35209
Gao, Yuan; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2017
Some means inequalities for positive operators in Hilbert spaces. Zbl 1385.47010
Liang, Jin; Shi, Guanghua
2017
Controllability of fractional integro-differential evolution equations with nonlocal conditions. Zbl 1410.93022
Liang, Jin; Yang, He
2015
New generalizations of Darbo’s fixed point theorem. Zbl 06584102
Cai, Longsheng; Liang, Jin
2015
Refinements of the Heinz operator inequalities. Zbl 1321.47039
Liang, Jin; Shi, Guanghua
2015
Periodicity and ergodicity for abstract evolution equations with critical nonlinearities. Zbl 1355.35118
Andrade, Bruno; Cuevas, Claudio; Liang, Jin; Soto, Herme
2015
About periodicity of impulsive evolution equations through fixed point theory. Zbl 1347.34099
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Yang, He
2015
Comparison of differences among power means $$Q_{r,\alpha }(a,b,\mathbf x)s$$. Zbl 1314.26033
Liang, Jin; Shi, Guanghua
2015
Coupled second order evolution equations with fading memory: optimal energy decay rate. Zbl 1302.34115
Jin, Kun-Peng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2014
Weighted pseudo almost automorphic functions and WPAA solutions to semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1370.34068
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2014
Common fixed points and invariant approximations for noncommuting contraction mappings in strongly convex metric spaces. Zbl 1311.54037
Chandok, Sumit; Liang, Jin; O’Regan, Donal
2014
A fixed point theorem for cyclic mappings in complete metric spaces. Zbl 1290.54023
Agarwal, Ravi P.; Liang, Jin; Zhang, Jun
2014
Coupled second order semilinear evolution equations indirectly damped via memory effects. Zbl 1264.34121
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2013
Integral solution of a class of nonlinear integral equations. Zbl 1285.45004
Liang, Jin; Yan, Sheng-Hua; Agarwal, Ravi P.; Huang, Ting-Wen
2013
Weighted pseudo almost periodic functions and applications to evolution equations with delay. Zbl 1294.34067
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2013
Existence of mild solutions for fractional integrodifferential equations of Sobolev type with nonlocal conditions. Zbl 1242.45009
Li, Fang; Liang, Jin; Xu, Hong-Kun
2012
Pseudo almost periodic solutions to integro-differential equations of heat conduction in materials with memory. Zbl 1253.35195
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2012
Nonautonomous semilinear second order evolution equations with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1243.35112
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2012
Composition of Stepanov-like pseudo almost automorphic functions and applications to nonautonomous evolution equations. Zbl 1238.34112
Fan, Zhenbin; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2012
Weighted pseudo almost-periodic functions and applications to semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1244.34083
Zhang, Jun; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2012
A nonlocal Cauchy problem for fractional integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1244.45002
Li, Fang; Liang, Jin; Lu, Tzon-Tzer; Zhu, Huan
2012
On the existence of mild solutions to the Cauchy problem for a class of fractional evolution equation. Zbl 1291.34017
Liang, Jin; Yan, Sheng-Hua; Li, Fang; Huang, Ting-Wen
2012
A note on the fractional Cauchy problems with nonlocal initial conditions. Zbl 1251.45008
Wang, Rong-Nian; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2011
Solutions to the Cauchy problem for differential equations in Banach spaces with fractional order. Zbl 1228.65136
Lv, Zhi-Wei; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Periodic solutions of delay impulsive differential equations. Zbl 1242.34134
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
On Stepanov-like (pseudo) almost automorphic functions. Zbl 1229.34092
Fan, Zhenbin; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Nonlocal impulsive Cauchy problems for evolution equations. Zbl 1214.47083
Liang, Jin; Fan, Zhenbin
2011
Stability of solutions to integro-differential equations in Hilbert spaces. Zbl 1232.34106
Chen, Jian-Hua; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Solutions to abstract integral equations and infinite delay evolution equations. Zbl 1236.45009
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2011
Decomposition of weighted pseudo-almost periodic functions. Zbl 1198.43004
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Zhang, Jun
2010
Almost automorphic solutions to nonautonomous semilinear evolution equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1192.43005
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Solutions to fractional differential equations with nonlocal initial condition in Banach spaces. Zbl 1196.34009
Lv, Zhi-Wei; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Almost automorphic solutions to abstract fractional differential equations. Zbl 1197.34105
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Iterative algorithms with variable coefficients for asymptotically strict pseudocontractions. Zbl 1202.47074
Ge, Ci-Shui; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Fixed point theorems for nonlinear operators with and without monotonicity in partially ordered Banach spaces. Zbl 1202.47059
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Multiple positive solutions for second order impulsive boundary value problems in Banach spaces. Zbl 1230.34055
Lv, Zhi-Wei; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2010
Notes on the propagators of evolution equations. Zbl 1197.47056
Lin, Yu; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2010
Nonlocal impulsive problems for nonlinear differential equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1173.34048
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Pseudo-almost automorphic mild solutions to nonautonomous differential equations and applications. Zbl 1175.34076
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Zhu, Xing-Xing; Liang, Jin
2009
Some properties of pseudo-almost automorphic functions and applications to abstract differential equations. Zbl 1162.44002
Liang, Jin; N’Guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Zhang, Jun
2009
Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to nonlinear delay integral equations. Zbl 1161.45004
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Some properties of Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions and applications to abstract evolution equations. Zbl 1187.43004
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Blow-up and global existence of solutions to integral equations with infinite delay in Banach spaces. Zbl 1238.45009
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Uniform exponential stability of solutions to abstract Volterra equations. Zbl 1239.34065
Chen, Jian-Hua; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Positive almost automorphic solutions for a class of non-linear delay integral equations. Zbl 1181.45015
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
On a comparison principle for delay coupled systems with nonlocal and nonlinear boundary conditions. Zbl 1238.35050
Liang, Jin; Wang, Huan-Yu; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Positive solutions to singular and delay higher-order differential equations on time scales. Zbl 1181.34102
Hu, Liang-Gen; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Asymptotic stability of the zero solution for degenerate retarded differential equations. Zbl 1185.34111
Zhou, Xian-Feng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Nonlocal impulsive problems for integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1183.45004
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2009
Multiple positive periodic solutions for delay differential system. Zbl 1201.34106
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2009
Convergence theorems of new Ishikawa iterative procedures with errors for multi-valued $$\Phi$$-hemicontractive mappings. Zbl 1221.47115
Ge, C. S.; Liang, J.
2009
Pseudo almost automorphic solutions to semilinear differential equations in Banach spaces. Zbl 1154.46023
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin; Zhang, Jun
2008
Composition of pseudo almost automorphic and asymptotically almost automorphic functions. Zbl 1134.43001
Liang, Jin; Zhang, Jun; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Nonlocal problems for integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1163.45010
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Asymptotically almost automorphic solutions for some integrodifferential equations with nonlocal initial conditions. Zbl 1142.45005
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2008
Second order differential operators with Feller-Wentzell type boundary conditions. Zbl 1143.47029
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2008
Approximation theorems for the propagators of higher order abstract Cauchy problems. Zbl 1142.34037
Liang, Jin; Nagel, Rainer; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Existence of almost periodic solutions for SICNNs with time-varying delays. Zbl 1223.34059
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to neutral nonlinear integral equations. Zbl 1151.45002
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; N’Guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2008
Generalized Mann iterations for approximating fixed points of a family of hemicontractions. Zbl 1203.47050
Hu, Liang-Gen; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2008
Coupled non-local periodic parabolic systems with time delays. Zbl 1135.35346
Wang, Rong-Nian; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2008
Mild pseudo-almost periodic solutions of nonautonomous semilinear evolution equations. Zbl 1165.34387
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; N’guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Pseudo-almost periodicity of some nonautonomous evolution equations with delay. Zbl 1122.34345
Ding, Hui-Sheng; Liang, Jin; N’Guérékata, Gaston M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Existence and uniqueness of $$C^{(n)}$$-almost periodic solutions to some ordinary differential equations. Zbl 1117.34042
Liang, Jin; Maniar, L.; N’guérékata, G. M.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Existence of positive solutions for singular boundary value problem on time scales. Zbl 1116.34015
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2007
New existence and uniqueness theorems of positive fixed points for mixed monotone operators with perturbation. Zbl 1115.47044
Li, Ke; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Convergence for hyperbolic singular perturbation of integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1188.45006
Liang, Jin; Liu, James; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2007
Positive solutions of operator equations on half-line. Zbl 1086.47035
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2006
Solutions to nonautonomous abstract functional equations with infinite delay. Zbl 1105.47063
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
2006
Nonlocal Cauchy problems for nonautonomous evolution equations. Zbl 1143.34320
Liang, Jin; Liu, James H.; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2006
Existence results for time scale boundary value problem. Zbl 1107.34018
Hao, Zhao-Cai; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2006
Multiplicative perturbations of local $$C$$-regularized semigroups. Zbl 1104.47047
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Li, Fang
2006
A perturbation theorem of Miyadera type for local $$C$$-regularized semigroups. Zbl 1106.47039
Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin; Li, Fang
2006
A comparison principle for nonlocal coupled systems of fully nonlinear parabolic equations. Zbl 1179.35082
Wang, Rong-Nian; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2006
Singular boundary value problem on infinite time scale. Zbl 1104.39015
Hao, Zhaocai; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Tijun
2006
Existence of classical solutions to nonautonomous nonlocal parabolic problems. Zbl 1159.35383
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2005
A fixed point theorem for convex and decreasing operators. Zbl 1159.47306
Li, Ke; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Positive fixed points for nonlinear operators,. Zbl 1080.47043
Li, Ke; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Higher-order degenerate Cauchy problems in locally convex spaces. Zbl 1096.34035
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Positive solutions of singular differential equations on measure chains. Zbl 1085.34019
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; Hao, Zhao-Cai
2005
Hyperbolic singular perturbations for integrodifferential equations. Zbl 1074.45009
Liang, Jin; Liu, James; Xiao, TiJun
2005
On the spectral and growth bound of semigroups associated with hyperbolic equations. Zbl 1074.47016
Batty, Charles J. K.; Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2005
Asymptotic behavior of solutions for systems of periodic reaction-diffusion equations in unbounded domains. Zbl 1114.35104
Wang, Rongnian; Xiao, Tijun; Liang, Jin
2005
Nonlocal Cauchy problems governed by compact operator families. Zbl 1083.34045
Liang, Jin; Liu, James; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2004
Semilinear integrodifferential equations with nonlocal initial conditions. Zbl 1068.45014
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2004
Solvability of the Cauchy problem for infinite delay equations. Zbl 1058.34106
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun
2004
A note on semilinear abstract functional differential and integrodifferential equations with infinite delay. Zbl 1082.34543
Liang, Jin; Xiao, Ti-Jun; van Casteren, J.
2004
Complete second order differential equations in Banach spaces with dynamic boundary conditions. Zbl 1059.34034
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2004
Second order parabolic equations in Banach spaces with dynamic boundary conditions. Zbl 1086.34051
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2004
A solution to an open problem for wave equations with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. Zbl 1035.35061
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2003
Higher order abstract Cauchy problems: their existence and uniqueness families. Zbl 1073.34072
Xiao, Ti-Jun; Liang, Jin
2003
...and 34 more Documents
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#### Cited by 764 Authors
79 Liang, Jin 72 Xiao, Ti-Jun 31 N’Guérékata, Gaston Mandata 28 Ezzinbi, Khalil 28 Li, Yongxiang 25 Chen, Pengyu 20 Ding, Huisheng 20 Kostić, Marko 20 Li, Fang 19 Chang, Yong-Kui 19 Fan, Zhenbin 19 Li, Gang 18 Agarwal, Ravi P. 18 Diagana, Toka 18 Zhang, Xuping 16 Lizama, Carlos 15 Cuevas, Claudio 13 Wang, Rongnian 11 Chang, Jung-Chan 11 Diop, Mamadou Abdoul 11 O’Regan, Donal 10 Wang, Jinrong 10 Xia, Zhinan 10 Yang, He 9 Abbas, Syed 9 Nieto Roig, Juan Jose 9 Ponce, Rodrigo F. 8 Cao, Junfei 8 Fatajou, Samir 8 Zhou, Yong 7 Gou, Haide 7 Lv, Zhiwei 7 Pandey, Dwijendra Narain 7 Wang, Chao 7 Zhang, Jun 6 Cieutat, Philippe 6 Dong, Qixiang 6 Fëdorov, Vladimir Evgen’evich 6 Henríquez, Hernán R. 6 Hu, Zhanrong 6 Jin, Zhen 6 Li, Baolin 6 Li, Chan 6 Li, Hong-Xu 6 Li, Yongkun 6 Liang, Yue 6 Liu, James Hetao 6 Liu, Lishan 6 Sakthivel, Rathinasamy 6 Wu, Yonghong 6 Zhai, Chengbo 6 Zhao, Zhihan 5 de Andrade, Bruno 5 Fu, Xianlong 5 Hu, Lianggen 5 Huang, Zaitang 5 Ji, Shaochun 5 Lasiecka, Irena 5 Mbaye, Mamadou Moustapha 5 Mu, Jia 5 Ren, Yong 5 Wang, Huiwen 5 Zhang, Chuanyi 5 Zhu, Lanping 5 Zhu, Pengxian 4 Al-Mahdi, Adel M. 4 Alvarez-Pardo, Edgardo 4 Alvarez, Edgardo 4 Anguraj, Annamalai 4 Balachandran, Krishnan 4 Blot, Joël 4 Chadha, Alka 4 Chen, Dehan 4 Cheng, Yi 4 Debbouche, Amar 4 Ge, Cishui 4 Gordievskikh, Dmitriĭ Mikhaĭlovich 4 Jin, Kunpeng 4 Liu, Hsiang 4 Mophou, Gisèle Massengo 4 Pinto, Manuel 4 Soto, Herme 4 Trujillo, Juan J. 4 Vitillaro, Enzo 4 Zhou, Jianwen 3 Algharabli, Mohammad M. 3 Băleanu, Dumitru I. 3 Bobrowski, Adam 3 Cao, Jinde 3 Caraballo Garrido, Tomás 3 Cavalcanti, Marcelo Moreira 3 Chandok, Sumit 3 Chen, Jianhua 3 Cui, Jing 3 Fečkan, Michal 3 Ghnimi, Saifeddine 3 Hao, Zhaocai 3 Huang, Tingwen 3 Junca, Stéphane 3 Kavitha, Velusamy ...and 664 more Authors
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#### Cited in 180 Serials
72 Advances in Difference Equations 69 Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods 38 Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 33 Abstract and Applied Analysis 31 Applied Mathematics and Computation 27 Computers & Mathematics with Applications 19 Boundary Value Problems 16 Fractional Calculus & Applied Analysis 13 Journal of Differential Equations 13 Semigroup Forum 13 Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics 11 Mathematical and Computer Modelling 11 Nonlinear Analysis. Real World Applications 10 Applicable Analysis 10 Journal of Integral Equations and Applications 10 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 10 Fixed Point Theory and Applications 9 Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 9 Applied Mathematics Letters 9 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 8 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 8 Journal of Functional Analysis 8 Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 7 Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems 7 Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications 6 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 6 Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 6 Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 6 Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing 5 Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 5 Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 5 Positivity 5 Acta Mathematica Sinica. English Series 5 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B 5 Journal of Applied Mathematics 5 Afrika Matematika 5 Nonautonomous Dynamical Systems 5 Journal of Function Spaces 4 Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization 4 Results in Mathematics 4 Applied Mathematical Modelling 4 Electronic Journal of Differential Equations (EJDE) 4 International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 4 Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 4 International Journal of Differential Equations 3 ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 3 Collectanea Mathematica 3 Demonstratio Mathematica 3 Integral Equations and Operator Theory 3 Chinese Annals of Mathematics. Series B 3 Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 3 Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica. English Series 3 Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis 3 Turkish Journal of Mathematics 3 Complexity 3 Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 3 Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3 Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society. Second Series 3 African Diaspora Journal of Mathematics 3 Journal of Nonlinear Science and Applications 3 Journal of Pseudo-Differential Operators and Applications 3 Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A: Matemáticas. RACSAM 3 Mathematical Sciences 3 Fractional Differential Calculus 3 Evolution Equations and Control Theory 3 Open Mathematics 2 Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 2 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta 2 Archiv der Mathematik 2 Automatica 2 Kybernetes 2 Kybernetika 2 Mathematische Nachrichten 2 Mathematica Slovaca 2 Mathematische Zeitschrift 2 SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 2 Siberian Mathematical Journal 2 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 2 Stochastic Analysis and Applications 2 Optimization 2 M$$^3$$AS. Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences 2 Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Mathematical Sciences 2 Russian Mathematics 2 Computational and Applied Mathematics 2 Journal of Applied Analysis 2 Nonlinear Dynamics 2 Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2 Revista Matemática Complutense 2 Differential Equations 2 Nonlinear Analysis. Modelling and Control 2 Journal of Evolution Equations 2 Central European Journal of Mathematics 2 Analysis and Applications (Singapore) 2 Cubo 2 Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2 Journal of Mathematical Inequalities 2 Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis 2 Functional Analysis, Approximation and Computation 2 Electronic Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications EJMAA 2 Mathematics ...and 80 more Serials
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#### Cited in 38 Fields
478 Ordinary differential equations (34-XX) 326 Operator theory (47-XX) 208 Partial differential equations (35-XX) 124 Integral equations (45-XX) 86 Abstract harmonic analysis (43-XX) 75 Systems theory; control (93-XX) 58 Real functions (26-XX) 44 Probability theory and stochastic processes (60-XX) 25 Mechanics of deformable solids (74-XX) 22 Numerical analysis (65-XX) 22 Biology and other natural sciences (92-XX) 20 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-XX) 18 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces (42-XX) 16 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization (49-XX) 12 Difference and functional equations (39-XX) 12 Functional analysis (46-XX) 9 General topology (54-XX) 8 Integral transforms, operational calculus (44-XX) 7 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds (58-XX) 4 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (15-XX) 3 Manifolds and cell complexes (57-XX) 3 Quantum theory (81-XX) 2 Group theory and generalizations (20-XX) 2 Special functions (33-XX) 2 Approximations and expansions (41-XX) 1 Number theory (11-XX) 1 Field theory and polynomials (12-XX) 1 Nonassociative rings and algebras (17-XX) 1 Topological groups, Lie groups (22-XX) 1 Measure and integration (28-XX) 1 Functions of a complex variable (30-XX) 1 Potential theory (31-XX) 1 Several complex variables and analytic spaces (32-XX) 1 Sequences, series, summability (40-XX) 1 Statistics (62-XX) 1 Computer science (68-XX) 1 Fluid mechanics (76-XX) 1 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX)
#### Wikidata Timeline
The data are displayed as stored in Wikidata under a Creative Commons CC0 License. Updates and corrections should be made in Wikidata.
| 2021-01-28T02:09:07 |
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https://www.nist.gov/publications/all-optical-generation-and-photoassociative-probing-sodium-bose-einstein-condensates
|
An official website of the United States government
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# All-Optical Generation and Photoassociative Probing of Sodium Bose-Einstein Condensates
Published
### Author(s)
R Dumke, M Johanning, Eduardo Gomez, J D. Weinstein, Kevin Jones, Paul D. Lett
### Abstract
We demonsatrate an all optical technique to evaporatively produce sodium Bose-Einsteincondensates (BEC). We use a crossed-dipole trap formed from light near 1 $\mu$m, and a simple ramp of the intensity to force evaporation. In addition, we introduce photoassociation as diagnostic of the trap loading process, and show that it can be used to detect the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation. Finally, we demonstrate that the production of multiple traps with condensates with this technique is straightforward, and that some control over the spinor state of the BEC is achieved by positioning the trap as well.
Citation
Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)
### Keywords
atom optics, Bose-Einstein condensation, laser cooling, optical trapping, photoassociation
## Citation
Dumke, R. , Johanning, M. , Gomez, E. , Weinstein, J. , Jones, K. and Lett, P. (2006), All-Optical Generation and Photoassociative Probing of Sodium Bose-Einstein Condensates, Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics) (Accessed December 7, 2021)
Created May 1, 2006, Updated October 12, 2021
| 2021-12-08T00:43:13 |
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https://large-numbers.fandom.com/wiki/Heptagonal_number?oldid=5101
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## FANDOM
1,138 Pages
A heptagonal number is a figurate number that represents a heptagon. The n-th heptagonal number is given by the formula
$\frac{5n^2 - 3n}{2}$.
The first few heptagonal numbers are:
1, 7, 18, 34, 55, 81, 112, 148, 189, 235, 283, 342, 403, 469, 540, 616, 645, 783, 874, 939, 1056, 11785, 1288, 1404, 1525, 1651, 1782, …
## ParityEdit
The parity of heptagonal numbers follows the pattern odd-odd-even-even. Like square numbers, the digital root in base 10 of a heptagonal number can only be 1, 4, 7 or 9. Five times a heptagonal number, plus 1 equals a triangular number.
## Sum of reciprocalsEdit
A formula for the sum of the reciprocals of the heptagonal numbers is given by:[1]
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{2}{n(5n-3)} = \frac{1}{15}{\pi}{\sqrt{25-10\sqrt{5}}}+\frac{2}{3}\ln(5)+\frac{{1}+\sqrt{5}}{3}\ln\left(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{10-2\sqrt{5}}\right)+\frac{{1}-\sqrt{5}}{3}\ln\left(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{10+2\sqrt{5}}\right)$
## Heptagonal roots Edit
In analogy to the square root of x, one can calculate the heptagonal root of x, meaning the number of terms in the sequence up to and including x.
The heptagonal root of x is given by the formula
$n = \frac{\sqrt{40x + 9} + 3}{10},$
which is obtained by using the quadratic formula to solve $x = \frac{5n^2 - 3n}{2}$ for its unique positive root n.
## Sources Edit
1. Beyond the Basel Problem: Sums of Reciprocals of Figurate Numbers
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
| 2020-08-15T12:03:06 |
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https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=B079&init=0&home=sumtabB
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${{\boldsymbol \Sigma}}$ BARYONS($\boldsymbol S$ = $-1$, $\boldsymbol I$ = 1) ${{\mathit \Sigma}^{+}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit u}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit u}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$, ${{\mathit \Sigma}^{0}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit u}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit d}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$, ${{\mathit \Sigma}^{-}}$ = ${\mathit {\mathit d}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit d}}$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$ INSPIRE search
# ${{\boldsymbol \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $I(J^P)$ = $1(1/2^{+})$
For results published before 1974 (they are now obsolete), see our 1982 edition Physics Letters 111B 1 (1982).
${{\boldsymbol \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ POLE POSITION
REAL PART $1585 \pm20$ MeV
$-2{\times }$IMAGINARY PART $290 {}^{+140}_{-40}$ MeV
${{\boldsymbol \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ POLE RESIDUES
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit N}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $0.07 \pm0.03$
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ $0.17 \pm0.04$
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Lambda}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ $0.16 \pm0.05$
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}}{{\mathit \sigma}}$ $0.14 \pm0.06$
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1385)}}{{\mathit \pi}}$
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1405)}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ $0.06 \pm0.03$
Normalized residue in ${{\mathit N}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Lambda}{(1520)}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ $0.04 \pm0.02$
${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ MASS $1640\text{ to }1680\text{ }(\approx1660)$ MeV
${{\mathit \Sigma}{(1660)}}$ WIDTH $100\text{ to }300\text{ }(\approx200)$ MeV
| 2021-03-09T05:00:23 |
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http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/showversion/cs/F-3.2.1.1?code=se:4&pointInTime=20200924
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### F-3.2.1.1 - Act to establish a caregiver support fund
4. The following are credited to the Fund:
(1) the sums transferred to it by the Minister of Revenue under section 6;
(2) the sums transferred to it by a minister out of the appropriations granted for that purpose by Parliament;
(3) the gifts, legacies and other contributions paid into it to further the achievement of the purpose of the fund;
(4) the sums transferred to it by the Minister of Finance under sections 53 and 54 of the Financial Administration Act (chapter A-6.001);
(5) the interest earned on bank balances in proportion to the sums referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3.
2009, c. 42, s. 4; 2011, c. 18, s. 121.
4. The fund is made up of
(1) the sums paid into it by the Minister of Revenue under section 6;
(2) the sums paid into it by a minister out of the appropriations granted for that purpose by Parliament;
(3) the gifts, legacies and other contributions paid into it to further the achievement of the purpose of the fund;
(4) the sums paid into it by the Minister of Finance under sections 7 and 8; and
(5) the interest earned on bank balances in proportion to the sums referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3.
2009, c. 42, s. 4.
| 2020-10-31T22:42:53 |
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https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai%3Ahitzler.pascal
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# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
## Hitzler, Pascal
Compute Distance To:
Author ID: hitzler.pascal Published as: Hitzler, P.; Hitzler, Pascal External Links: MGP · Wikidata
Documents Indexed: 49 Publications since 1997, including 9 Books
all top 5
#### Co-Authors
3 single-authored 14 Seda, Anthony Karel 7 Krötzsch, Markus 5 Qi, Guilin 3 Knorr, Matthias 3 Lehmann, Jens 3 Ma, Yue 3 Rudolph, Sebastian 3 Zhang, Guoqiang 2 Alferes, José Júlio 2 Hammer, Barbara 2 Kalmbach, Gudrun 2 Lin, Zuoquan 2 Wendt, Matthias 1 Bader, Sebastian 1 Banti, Federico 1 Brogi, Antonio 1 Carral, David 1 Cuenca Grau, Bernardo 1 Feier, Cristina 1 Gori, Marco 1 Herzig, Andreas 1 Hölldobler, Steffen 1 Horrocks, Ian 1 Huang, Shasha 1 Lécué, Freddy 1 Li, Qingguo 1 Liu, Chang 1 Lukasiewicz, Thomas 1 Maier, Frederick 1 Mutharaju, Raghava 1 Øhrstrøm, Peter 1 Palm, Günther 1 Polleres, Axel 1 Schärfe, Henrik 1 Sure, York 1 Tiddi, Ilaria 1 van Harmelen, Frank 1 Zhou, Zhangquan
all top 5
#### Serials
2 Journal of Logic and Computation 2 Topology Proceedings 2 Logic Journal of the IGPL 2 Journal of Applied Logic 2 Journal of Electrical Engineering 2 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1 Artificial Intelligence 1 Theoretical Computer Science 1 Irish Mathematical Society Bulletin 1 Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 1 Fundamenta Informaticae 1 Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 1 Information 1 ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 1 Studies in Computational Intelligence 1 Logical Methods in Computer Science 1 Studies on the Semantic Web
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#### Fields
45 Computer science (68-XX) 7 General topology (54-XX) 6 General and overarching topics; collections (00-XX) 6 Mathematical logic and foundations (03-XX) 3 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures (06-XX) 2 History and biography (01-XX) 2 Category theory; homological algebra (18-XX) 1 Operator theory (47-XX)
#### Citations contained in zbMATH
40 Publications have been cited 214 times in 172 Documents Cited by Year
Dislocated topologies. Zbl 0968.54001
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2000
Mathematical aspects of logic programming semantics. Zbl 1219.68085
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony
2011
Measuring inconsistency for description logics based on paraconsistent semantics. Zbl 1148.68487
Ma, Yue; Qi, Guilin; Hitzler, Pascal; Lin, Zuoquan
2007
The fixed-point theorems of Priess-Crampe and Ribenboim in logic programming. Zbl 1005.68177
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2002
A categorical view on algebraic lattices in formal concept analysis. Zbl 1104.06002
Hitzler, Pascal; Krötzsch, Markus; Zhang, Guo-Qiang
2006
Local closed world reasoning with description logics under the well-founded semantics. Zbl 1225.68249
Knorr, Matthias; Alferes, José Júlio; Hitzler, Pascal
2011
A Cartesian closed category of approximable concept structures. Zbl 1104.68737
Hitzler, Pascal; Zhang, Guo-Qiang
2004
Generalized metrics and uniquely determined logic programs. Zbl 1071.68018
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2003
Some issues concerning fixed points in computational logic: Quasi-metrics, multivalued mappings and the Knaster-Tarski theorem. Zbl 1027.54505
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
1999
Computing inconsistency measure based on paraconsistent semantics. Zbl 1228.68046
Ma, Yue; Qi, Guilin; Hitzler, Pascal
2011
Morphisms in context. Zbl 1132.68756
Krötzsch, Markus; Hitzler, Pascal; Zhang, Guo-Qiang
2005
Characterizations of classes of programs by three-valued operators. Zbl 0958.68038
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
1999
Complexities of Horn description logics. Zbl 1353.68268
Krötzsch, Markus; Rudolph, Sebastian; Hitzler, Pascal
2013
Cheap Boolean role constructors for description logics. Zbl 1178.68570
Rudolph, Sebastian; Krötzsch, Markus; Hitzler, Pascal
2008
Logic programs and connectionist networks. Zbl 1072.68090
Hitzler, Pascal; Hölldobler, Steffen; Seda, Anthony Karel
2004
Acceptable programs revisited. Zbl 0966.68035
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
1999
Reasoning with inconsistencies in hybrid MKNF knowledge bases. Zbl 1264.68161
Huang, Shasha; Li, Qingguo; Hitzler, Pascal
2013
Reasoning with fuzzy-$$\mathcal{EL}^+$$ ontologies using MapReduce. Zbl 1327.68292
Zhou, Zhangquan; Qi, Guilin; Liu, Chang; Hitzler, Pascal; Mutharaju, Raghava
2012
A refinement operator based learning algorithm for the $$\mathcal{ALC}$$ description logic. Zbl 1136.68490
Lehmann, Jens; Hitzler, Pascal
2008
A uniform approach to logic programming semantics. Zbl 1093.68019
Hitzler, Pascal; Wendt, Matthias
2005
A “converse” of the Banach contraction mapping theorem. Zbl 1047.54025
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2001
Unique supported-model classes of logic programs. Zbl 1039.68028
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2001
$$\mathcal{EL}$$-ifying ontologies. Zbl 1423.68487
Carral, David; Feier, Cristina; Cuenca Grau, Bernardo; Hitzler, Pascal; Horrocks, Ian
2014
Reconciling OWL and non-monotonic rules for the semantic web. Zbl 1327.68275
Knorr, Matthias; Hitzler, Pascal; Maier, Frederick
2012
Continuity of semantic operators in logic programming and their approximation by artificial neural networks. Zbl 1274.68043
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony K.
2003
The well-founded semantics is a stratified Fitting semantics. Zbl 1015.68035
Hitzler, Pascal; Wendt, Matthias
2002
On the coincidence of semantics for uniquely determined programs. Zbl 1264.68105
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2001
Generalized ultrametrics, domains and an application to computational logic. Zbl 1290.68086
Seda, Anthony Karel; Hitzler, Pascal
1998
Topology and iterates in computational logic. Zbl 0948.68025
Seda, Anthony Karel; Hitzler, Pascal
1997
Type-elimination-based reasoning for the description logic $$\mathcal {SHIQ}b_s$$ using decision diagrams and disjunctive Datalog. Zbl 1241.68109
Rudolph, Sebastian; Krötzsch, Markus; Hitzler, Pascal
2012
Web reasoning and rule systems. Fourth international conference, RR 2010, Bressanone/Brixen, Italy, September 22–24, 2010. Proceedings. Zbl 1198.68038
Hitzler, Pascal (ed.); Lukasiewicz, Thomas (ed.)
2010
Foundations of refinement operators for description logics. Zbl 1136.68491
Lehmann, Jens; Hitzler, Pascal
2008
An algorithm for computing inconsistency measurement by paraconsistent semantics. Zbl 1148.68495
Ma, Yue; Qi, Guilin; Hitzler, Pascal; Lin, Zuoquan
2007
Perspectives of neural-symbolic integration. Zbl 1124.68092
Hammer, Barbara (ed.); Hitzler, Pascal (ed.)
2007
Querying formal contexts with answer set programs. Zbl 1194.68223
Hitzler, Pascal; Krötzsch, Markus
2006
The well supported semantics for multidimensional dynamic logic programs. Zbl 1152.68398
Banti, F.; Alferes, J. J.; Brogi, A.; Hitzler, P.
2005
Towards a systematic account of different semantics for logic programs. Zbl 1101.68449
Hitzler, Pascal
2005
Default reasoning over domains and concept hierarchies. Zbl 1132.68733
Hitzler, Pascal
2004
Logic programs, iterated function systems, and recurrent radial basis function networks. Zbl 1072.68086
2004
Towards a systematic account of different logic programming semantics. Zbl 1274.68042
Hitzler, Pascal
2003
$$\mathcal{EL}$$-ifying ontologies. Zbl 1423.68487
Carral, David; Feier, Cristina; Cuenca Grau, Bernardo; Hitzler, Pascal; Horrocks, Ian
2014
Complexities of Horn description logics. Zbl 1353.68268
Krötzsch, Markus; Rudolph, Sebastian; Hitzler, Pascal
2013
Reasoning with inconsistencies in hybrid MKNF knowledge bases. Zbl 1264.68161
Huang, Shasha; Li, Qingguo; Hitzler, Pascal
2013
Reasoning with fuzzy-$$\mathcal{EL}^+$$ ontologies using MapReduce. Zbl 1327.68292
Zhou, Zhangquan; Qi, Guilin; Liu, Chang; Hitzler, Pascal; Mutharaju, Raghava
2012
Reconciling OWL and non-monotonic rules for the semantic web. Zbl 1327.68275
Knorr, Matthias; Hitzler, Pascal; Maier, Frederick
2012
Type-elimination-based reasoning for the description logic $$\mathcal {SHIQ}b_s$$ using decision diagrams and disjunctive Datalog. Zbl 1241.68109
Rudolph, Sebastian; Krötzsch, Markus; Hitzler, Pascal
2012
Mathematical aspects of logic programming semantics. Zbl 1219.68085
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony
2011
Local closed world reasoning with description logics under the well-founded semantics. Zbl 1225.68249
Knorr, Matthias; Alferes, José Júlio; Hitzler, Pascal
2011
Computing inconsistency measure based on paraconsistent semantics. Zbl 1228.68046
Ma, Yue; Qi, Guilin; Hitzler, Pascal
2011
Web reasoning and rule systems. Fourth international conference, RR 2010, Bressanone/Brixen, Italy, September 22–24, 2010. Proceedings. Zbl 1198.68038
Hitzler, Pascal (ed.); Lukasiewicz, Thomas (ed.)
2010
Cheap Boolean role constructors for description logics. Zbl 1178.68570
Rudolph, Sebastian; Krötzsch, Markus; Hitzler, Pascal
2008
A refinement operator based learning algorithm for the $$\mathcal{ALC}$$ description logic. Zbl 1136.68490
Lehmann, Jens; Hitzler, Pascal
2008
Foundations of refinement operators for description logics. Zbl 1136.68491
Lehmann, Jens; Hitzler, Pascal
2008
Measuring inconsistency for description logics based on paraconsistent semantics. Zbl 1148.68487
Ma, Yue; Qi, Guilin; Hitzler, Pascal; Lin, Zuoquan
2007
An algorithm for computing inconsistency measurement by paraconsistent semantics. Zbl 1148.68495
Ma, Yue; Qi, Guilin; Hitzler, Pascal; Lin, Zuoquan
2007
Perspectives of neural-symbolic integration. Zbl 1124.68092
Hammer, Barbara (ed.); Hitzler, Pascal (ed.)
2007
A categorical view on algebraic lattices in formal concept analysis. Zbl 1104.06002
Hitzler, Pascal; Krötzsch, Markus; Zhang, Guo-Qiang
2006
Querying formal contexts with answer set programs. Zbl 1194.68223
Hitzler, Pascal; Krötzsch, Markus
2006
Morphisms in context. Zbl 1132.68756
Krötzsch, Markus; Hitzler, Pascal; Zhang, Guo-Qiang
2005
A uniform approach to logic programming semantics. Zbl 1093.68019
Hitzler, Pascal; Wendt, Matthias
2005
The well supported semantics for multidimensional dynamic logic programs. Zbl 1152.68398
Banti, F.; Alferes, J. J.; Brogi, A.; Hitzler, P.
2005
Towards a systematic account of different semantics for logic programs. Zbl 1101.68449
Hitzler, Pascal
2005
A Cartesian closed category of approximable concept structures. Zbl 1104.68737
Hitzler, Pascal; Zhang, Guo-Qiang
2004
Logic programs and connectionist networks. Zbl 1072.68090
Hitzler, Pascal; Hölldobler, Steffen; Seda, Anthony Karel
2004
Default reasoning over domains and concept hierarchies. Zbl 1132.68733
Hitzler, Pascal
2004
Logic programs, iterated function systems, and recurrent radial basis function networks. Zbl 1072.68086
2004
Generalized metrics and uniquely determined logic programs. Zbl 1071.68018
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2003
Continuity of semantic operators in logic programming and their approximation by artificial neural networks. Zbl 1274.68043
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony K.
2003
Towards a systematic account of different logic programming semantics. Zbl 1274.68042
Hitzler, Pascal
2003
The fixed-point theorems of Priess-Crampe and Ribenboim in logic programming. Zbl 1005.68177
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2002
The well-founded semantics is a stratified Fitting semantics. Zbl 1015.68035
Hitzler, Pascal; Wendt, Matthias
2002
A “converse” of the Banach contraction mapping theorem. Zbl 1047.54025
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2001
Unique supported-model classes of logic programs. Zbl 1039.68028
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2001
On the coincidence of semantics for uniquely determined programs. Zbl 1264.68105
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2001
Dislocated topologies. Zbl 0968.54001
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
2000
Some issues concerning fixed points in computational logic: Quasi-metrics, multivalued mappings and the Knaster-Tarski theorem. Zbl 1027.54505
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
1999
Characterizations of classes of programs by three-valued operators. Zbl 0958.68038
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
1999
Acceptable programs revisited. Zbl 0966.68035
Hitzler, Pascal; Seda, Anthony Karel
1999
Generalized ultrametrics, domains and an application to computational logic. Zbl 1290.68086
Seda, Anthony Karel; Hitzler, Pascal
1998
Topology and iterates in computational logic. Zbl 0948.68025
Seda, Anthony Karel; Hitzler, Pascal
1997
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16 Fixed Point Theory and Applications 12 Artificial Intelligence 11 International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 7 Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications 6 Theoretical Computer Science 6 Journal of Function Spaces 5 Abstract and Applied Analysis 5 Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 4 Fuzzy Sets and Systems 4 Information Sciences 4 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 4 Journal of Nonlinear Science and Applications 4 Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A: Matemáticas. RACSAM 3 Topology and its Applications 3 MSCS. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 3 Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 3 $$p$$-Adic Numbers, Ultrametric Analysis, and Applications 2 International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2 Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2 Information and Computation 2 Journal of Automated Reasoning 2 Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2 Machine Learning 2 Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 2 Vietnam Journal of Mathematics 2 Soft Computing 2 Journal of Applied Logic 2 Thai Journal of Mathematics 2 Axioms 1 Discrete Applied Mathematics 1 Discrete Mathematics 1 The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society. New Series 1 Kyungpook Mathematical Journal 1 Quaestiones Mathematicae 1 Results in Mathematics 1 Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 1 Journal of Classification 1 Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control 1 International Journal of Computer Mathematics 1 Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) 1 Georgian Mathematical Journal 1 Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 1 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications 1 The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 1 Applied Mathematics E-Notes 1 Central European Journal of Mathematics 1 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 1 Proyecciones 1 Chebyshevskiĭ Sbornik 1 Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics 1 Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 1 Bulletin of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1 Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science. JMCS 1 Mathematical Sciences 1 Journal of Mathematics 1 Journal of Operators 1 Open Mathematics 1 Constructive Mathematical Analysis 1 Cogent Mathematics & Statistics
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# PPP Rules, Macroeconomic (In)stability and Learning
NOTE: International Finance Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. References in publications to International Finance Discussion Papers (other than an acknowledgment that the writer has had access to unpublished material) should be cleared with the author or authors. Recent IFDPs are available on the Web at http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/. This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at http://www.ssrn.com/.
Abstract:
Governments in emerging economies have pursued real exchange rate targeting through Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) rules that link the nominal depreciation rate to either the deviation of the real exchange rate from its long run level or to the difference between the domestic and the foreign CPI-inflation rates. In this paper we disentangle the conditions under which these rules may lead to endogenous fluctuations due to self-fulfilling expectations in a small open economy that faces nominal rigidities. We find that besides the specification of the rule, structural parameters such as the share of traded goods (that measures the degree of openness of the economy) and the degrees of imperfect competition and price stickiness in the non-traded sector play a crucial role in the determinacy of equilibrium. To evaluate the relevance of the real (in)determinacy results we pursue a learnability (E-stability) analysis for the aforementioned PPP rules. We show that for rules that guarantee a unique equilibrium, the fundamental solution that represents this equilibrium is learnable in the E-stability sense. Similarly we show that for PPP rules that open the possibility of sunspot equilibria, a common factor representation that describes these equilibria is also E-stable. In this sense sunspot equilibria and therefore aggregate instability are more likely to occur due to PPP rules than previously recognized.
Keywords: Small Open Economy, PPP rules, Multiple Equilibria, Sunspot Equilibria, Indeterminacy, Expectational Stability and Learning
JEL Classification: C62, D83, E32, F41
*Email address: [email protected]. This paper is based on a chapter of my Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania. I am grateful to Martín Uribe, Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé and Frank Schorfheide for comments on early versions of this paper. I also thank David Bowman, George Evans and Dale Henderson for comments and suggestions. All errors remain mine. The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the author and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or of any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System. Return to text
## 1 Introduction
It has been claimed that the real exchange rate is perhaps the most popular real target in developing economies. The reason is that policy makers in these economies are always concerned about avoiding losses in competitiveness in foreign markets, or similarly, about maintaining purchasing power parity (PPP). In order to achieve the real exchange target policy makers often follow PPP rules. Such rules link the nominal rate of devaluation of the domestic currency to the deviation of the real exchange rate from its long run level or to the difference between the domestic inflation rate and the foreign inflation rate. For instance, Calvo et al. (1995) argued that Brazil, Chile and Colombia followed such rules in the past.
The characterization of the channels through which real exchange rate targeting affects the business cycles in emerging economies is a central issue in the design and implementation of the PPP rules. The theoretical literature about PPP rules has tried to disentangle these channels.1 One of these important attempts is made by Uribe (2003) who analyzes a PPP rule whereby the government increases the devaluation rate when the real exchange rate is below its steady-state level. He pursues a determinacy of equilibrium analysis and argues that PPP rules may lead to aggregate instability in the economy by inducing endogenous fluctuations due to self-fulfilling expectations.
From the economic policy-design perspective, this result has important implications. It states that the aforementioned rules may open the possibility of sunspot equilibria and lead the economy to equilibria with undesirable properties such as a large degree of volatility. This implication in turn suggests that a determinacy of equilibrium analysis can be used to differentiate among rules favoring those that at least avoid sunspot equilibria by guaranteeing a unique equilibrium with a lower degree of volatility.2 Although appealing this argument is still far from complete and may suffer from some drawbacks. The reason is that in the typical determinacy of equilibrium analysis, it is implicitly assumed that agents can coordinate their actions and learn the equilibria (unique or multiple) induced by the rule. But relaxing this assumption may have interesting consequences for the design of PPP rules. On one hand, if agents cannot learn the unique equilibrium targeted by the rule then the economy may end up diverging from this equilibrium. But if this is the case then it is clear that there are some rules that although guaranteeing a unique equilibrium, do not insure that the economy will reach it.3 On the other hand, if agents cannot learn sunspot equilibria then one may doubt about the relevance of characterizing rules that lead to multiple equilibria as bad'' ones. After all, if agents cannot learn sunspot equilibria then they are less likely to occur.
Therefore, it seems clear that a determinacy of equilibrium analysis of PPP rules should in principle be accompanied by a learnability of equilibrium analysis. Both analyses would help policy makers to distinguish and design PPP rules satisfying two requirements: uniqueness and learnability of the equilibrium. The first requirement would prevent the economy from achieving sunspot equilibria with undesirable properties such as a large degree of volatility. Whereas, the second requirement would guarantee that agents can indeed coordinate their actions on the equilibrium the policy makers are targeting.
The present paper is motivated by the interest of studying if particular representations of the equilibria (unique or multiple) induced by PPP rules are learnable in the Expectational - Stability (E-Stability) sense proposed by Evans and Honkapohja (1999, 2001).4 5 In fact our purpose in the present paper is three-fold. First we study and disentangle the structural conditions of an open economy under which an Uribe-type PPP rule may generate multiple equilibria (real indeterminacy).6 We use a small open economy model with traded and non-traded goods. We assume flexible prices for the former and sticky prices for the latter. Under this set-up we show how the aforementioned conditions depend not only on the responsiveness of the rule to the real exchange rate but also on some important structural parameters of the economy. For instance we find that ceteris paribus, given the sensitivity of the rule to the real exchange rate, the lower the degree of openness of the economy (the lower the share of traded goods), the more likely that the rule will induce aggregate instability in the economy by generating multiple equilibria. In addition, keeping the rest constant, the lower (the higher) the degree of price stickiness (the degree of monopolistic competition) in the non-traded sector, the more likely that the rule will lead to real indeterminacy.
The second goal of this paper consists of showing that under real determinacy the fundamental solution that describes the unique equilibrium induced by the PPP rule is learnable in the E-stability sense.7 In addition we use the recent work by Evans and McGough (2003) to prove that under real indeterminacy some common factor representations of stationary sunspot equilibria are also E-stable.8 This result suggests that under some reasonable assumptions agents can learn and coordinate their actions to achieve sunspot equilibria, making them more likely'' to occur under PPP rules. In this sense these equilibria should not be perceived as mere mathematical and theoretical curiosities.
The natural question that arises from these results is whether under a different timing of the PPP rule, it is possible for policy makers to design a simple rule that avoids sunspot equilibria but still induces a unique equilibrium whose characterization is learnable. In accord with the findings in the interest rate rule literature, we find that a PPP rule that is backward-looking in the sense of being defined in terms of the (deviation of the) past real exchange rate (from its long run level) satisfies these two requirements.
Finally the third goal of this paper is associated with the original work by Dornbusch (1980, 1982) that studies how a PPP rule whereby the nominal exchange rate is linked to the (deviation of the) current domestic price level (from its long-run level), may affect the output price-level stability trade-off by playing a role as an absorber of fundamental shocks.9 We analyze a rule motivated by Dorbunsch's works assuming that the nominal devaluation rate is positively linked to the difference between the domestic and foreign CPI-inflation rates. In fact this specification tries to capture the previously mentioned stylized facts about PPP rules in Brazil, Colombia and Chile. As before we state the conditions under which this rule leads to real indeterminacy. We also show that the common factor representation of stationary sunspot equilibria as well as the fundamental solution that describes the unique equilibrium induced by the rule are learnable in the E-stability sense.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the set-up of a sticky-price model with its main assumptions. Section 3 pursues the determinacy of equilibrium analysis for a PPP rule defined in terms of the current real exchange rate. Section 4 deals with the learnability analysis for the aforementioned rule. Section 5 pursues all the previous analyses for a PPP rule defined in terms of the CPI-inflation rate. Finally Section 6 concludes.
## 2 A Sticky-Price Model
### 2.1 The Household-Firm Unit
Consider a small open economy inhabited by a large number of identical household-firm units indexed by . The household-firms live infinitely and the preferences of the representative agent can be described by the intertemporal utility function10
(1)
(2)
where , and denote the consumption of traded and non-traded goods respectively, and are the labor allocated to the production of the traded good and the non-traded good. denotes the expectational operator.11 Equations (1) and (2) imply that the representative agent derives utility from consuming traded and non-traded goods, and from not working in either sector.
We assume that the non-traded good is a composite good. We introduce monopolistic competition in the model by assuming that the household-firm unit can choose the price of the non-traded good it supplies, , subject to a particular demand constraint described by
(3)
where represents the aggregate demand for the non-traded good and
We also assume that there are sticky prices in the production of the non-traded good. This assumption is useful to understand the last term of the intertemporal utility function (1). Following Rotemberg (1982) we suppose that the household-unit dislikes having its price of non-traded goods grow at a rate different from , the steady-state level of the non-traded goods inflation rate.12 We introduce sluggish adjustment in prices not only because this will enrich our analysis, but also because, as Uribe (2003) points out, one of the main reasons that explains and motivates the real exchange targeting through PPP rules, is that policy makers believe in eliminating the real rigidities imposed by a fixed exchange rate system in an environment with nominal rigidities.
The production of traded and non-traded goods only requires labor and uses the following technologies
(4)
where and are random productivity parameters that satisfy
(5)
where and for For simplicity in the analysis we assume no correlation between the productivity shocks.
The law of one price holds for the traded good and to simplify the analysis we normalize the foreign price of the traded good to one. Therefore, the domestic currency price of traded goods () is equal to the nominal exchange rate ( ). This simplification in tandem with (1) and (2) can be used to derive the consumer price index (CPI)
(6)
Using equation (6) and defining the nominal devaluation rate as
(7)
it is straightforward to derive the CPI-inflation rate, , as a weighted average of the nominal depreciation rate, and the inflation of the non-traded goods, ; that is
(8)
We define the real exchange rate () as the ratio between the price of traded goods and the aggregate price of non-traded goods
(9)
From this definition of the real exchange rate we deduce that
(10)
We assume that in each period the representative agent can purchase two types of financial assets: fiat money and nominal state contingent claims, that pay one unit of currency in a specified state of period and that are traded internationally. There exists a set of these state contingent claims that completely spans the fundamental (intrinsic) uncertainty associated with productivity shocks. Moreover following Kimbrough (1986), we suppose that money reduces the transaction costs in goods markets. These costs measured in terms of the traded good can be described by
(11)
where .
Using the previous assumptions the representative agent's flow constraint each period can be written as13
(12)
where refers to the period- price of a claim to one unit of currency delivered in a particular state of period divided by the probability of occurrence of that state and conditional of information available in period . Hence denotes the cost of all contingent claims bought at the beginning of period . Constraint (12) says that the total end-of-period nominal value of the financial assets can be worth no more than the value of the financial wealth brought into the period, , plus non-financial income during the period net of the value of taxes, , the value of consumption spending and the value of the liquidity transaction costs.
To derive the period-by-period budget constraint of the representative agent, it is important to notice that total beginning-of-period wealth in the following period is given by
(13)
and that corresponds to the price at period of a claim that pays one unit of currency in every state in period and represents the inverse of the risk-free gross nominal interest rate, ; that is
(14)
Then we can use equations (12), (13) and (14) to derive the budget constraint of the representative agent as
The agent is also subject to a Non-Ponzi game condition described by
(16)
at all dates and under all contingencies, where represents the period-zero price of one unit of currency to be delivered in a particular state of period divided by the probability of occurrence of that state, given information available at time It is given by
(17)
with .
Under this sticky-price set-up the problem of the representative agent is reduced to choose the sequences { in order to maximize (1) subject to (2), (3), (4), (11), (15) and (16), and given and and the time paths for , , , and and Note that the utility function specified in (1) and (2) implies that the preferences of the agent display non-sasiation. This means that constraints (15) and (16) both hold with equality.
The first order conditions correspond to (15) and (16) both with equality and
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
where corresponds to the multiplier of the budget constraint, is the multiplier associated with the demand constraint (3) and . The interpretation of the first order conditions is straightforward. In particular, equation (18) is the usual intertemporal envelope condition that makes the marginal utility of consumption of traded goods equal to the marginal utility of wealth ( ) multiplied by the intertemporal price of consuming traded goods.14Condition (19) implies that the marginal rate of substitution between traded and non-traded goods must be equal to the real exchange rate. In addition, condition (20) equalizes the marginal revenue products of labor among sectors. Equation (21) represents the demand for real balances of money as an increasing function of consumption expenditure and a decreasing function of the risk-free nominal interest rate. And finally condition (22) implies a standard pricing equation for one-step-ahead nominal contingent claims. Note that in each period there is one condition of this type for each possible state in period
Finally we postpone the explanation of condition (23). The reason is that it will be used to derive the augmented Phillips curve for non-traded goods, that is actually one of the relevant equations for the determinacy and learnability of equilibrium analyses.
### 2.2 The Government
The government issues two nominal liabilities: money, , and state contingent debt It also levies taxes, pays interest on its debt, and receives revenues from seigniorage Thus we can write the government budget constraint as
(24)
where The government follows a Ricardian fiscal policy. That is, it picks the path of taxes, satisfying the intertemporal version of (24) in conjunction with the transversality condition
(25)
Finally we define the monetary policy as in Uribe (2003). The government follows a PPP rule whereby the government sets the nominal devaluation rate as a function of the deviation of the current real exchange rate () with respect to its long-run level (). That is
(26)
where is a continuous function that in steady state satisfies .
### 2.3 The Equilibrium
We will focus on a symmetric equilibrium in which all the household-firm units choose the same price for the good they produce. Therefore in equilibrium all agents are identical and we can drop the index . In equilibrium the money market and the non-traded goods market clear. Thus
(27)
and As usual we ignore the wealth effects due to inflation by assuming that the transaction liquidity costs, , are rebated to the representative agent in a lump-sum fashion.
We also assume free capital mobility. This implies that the following non-arbitrage condition must hold
(28)
where refers to the period- foreign currency price of a claim to one unit of foreign currency delivered in a particular state of period divided by the probability of occurrence of that state and conditional of information available in period . An equivalent condition to (22) holds for the foreign economy (rest of the world). That is,
(29)
where and represent the marginal utility of wealth, the price of traded goods and the subjective discount rate in the foreign economy respectively. Using (22), (28), (29), the law of one price for traded goods and the assumption that we can derive that that holds at all dates and under all contingencies.15 This equation implies that the domestic marginal utility of wealth is proportional to its foreign counterpart. Then where refers to a constant parameter that determines the wealth difference across countries. Since we are dealing with a small open economy, can be taken as an exogenous variable. To simplify the analysis we assume that is constant and equal to . This assumption implies that becomes a constant. Consequently
(30)
But this result of a constant marginal utility and conditions (14 ) and (22) imply that
(31)
where denotes the expectation operator. Note that condition (31) is very similar to the uncovered interest parity condition.
Utilizing (20), (23), the symmetry in equilibrium, the equilibrium condition in the non-traded sector ( ) and (30), we obtain
(32)
that corresponds to the augmented Phillips curve for the non-traded goods inflation.16
Furthermore applying the symmetry in equilibrium and recalling (30), we can rewrite (18), (19) and (21) as
(33)
(34)
(35)
We proceed giving the definition of a symmetric equilibrium for a government that pursues a Ricardian fiscal policy and follows a PPP rule that responds to the current real exchange rate as described by (26).
Definition 1 Given, and and the exogenous stochastic processes a Symmetric Equilibrium under a Ricardian fiscal policy is defined as a set of stochastic processes satisfying conditions (32), (33), (34), (35), the intertemporal version of (24) together with (25), the PPP rule defined by (26), the money market clearing condition (27), definitions (7), (17) and equations (10), (14), and (31).
## 3 The Determinacy of Equilibrium Analysis
To pursue the determinacy of equilibrium analysis we reduce the model further. To do so we can use conditions (33) and (34) to obtain
(36)
that together with the PPP rule (26) and equations (5), (10), (31) and (32), are the only equations necessary to pursue the determinacy of equilibrium analysis in our model. They help us to find the stochastic processes These set of equations are also useful to define the non-stochastic steady state. It corresponds to
where and denotes the long-run nominal devaluation rate that is determined by the government.
We point out that we do not need to consider in the determinacy analysis equations (24) and (25). The reason is that under a Ricardian fiscal policy, the intertemporal version of the government's budget constraint in conjunction with its transversality condition will be always satisfied. Moreover the stochastic processes can be recovered using (7), (14), (17), (27), (34) and (35).17
We can go further reducing and log-linearizing the model. Using equations (5), (10), (26), (31), (32), and (36) yields18
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
where , represents the steady-state level of ,
(41)
and For our future analyses it is important to observe that and To see this recall our assumptions about the values that are feasible to assign to the structural parameters of the model and the definition of the steady-state.
As we mentioned before in this analysis we only study the possibilities of real indeterminacy or real determinacy of the equilibrium. By real indeterminacy we mean a situation in which the behavior of one or more (real) variables of the model are not pinned down by the model. This situation implies that there are multiple equilibria and opens the possibility of the existence of sunspot equilibria.
Before we analyze the conditions under which PPP rules may lead to real indeterminacy, it is worth constructing some intuition using the model of why these rules may induce equilibria in which expectations are self-fulfilled. In order to accomplish this task we can assume perfect foresight (no uncertainty). Then we rewrite equations (37) and (38) as
(42)
In addition we can iterate forward both equations and derive19
(43)
(44)
Equation (44) simply describes the depreciation (or appreciation) of the real exchange rate as a difference between the nominal depreciation rate and the non-traded goods inflation rate.
With these two last equations, equation (42) and the PPP rule, we can show that multiple equilibria are possible by constructing a self-fulfilling equilibrium. Assume that at time when the economy is in its steady state, private agents expect a real appreciation after time . More explicitly they expect the following path for the (deviation of the) real exchange rate.20 At time the real exchange rate is at the steady state level ( ). At times and the real exchange rate is above its steady state level ( and ) and satisfies showing a real appreciation and convergence to the steady state level over time Given this path of the real exchange rate and given the PPP rule, the government will induce a nominal appreciation ( with and ) over time after time . Then using our interpretation of (43) we can infer that the expected path for the real exchange rate and the expected nominal appreciation will motivate the household-firm unit to raise the price of non traded goods in period . In other words inflation at time will go up ( ). By equation (42) this effect will increase inflation of non traded goods in period ( ), if it is strong enough to overcome the opposite effects that the assumed path for the real exchange rate ( ) and the rule-induced path for the nominal depreciation rate ( ) have over inflation of non-traded goods at period ( ). Observe that this possibility is determined by the values of the structural parameters of the model that affect and , and by the value of the nominal depreciation response coefficient to the real exchange rate (). But if inflation of non-traded goods goes up ( ) and people expect a nominal appreciation ( ) in period accordingly with equation (44), we conclude that the real exchange rate will appreciate over time (( ). Since all the variables of the system, including the real exchange rate, converge to their steady state level over time then the original expectations of a future real appreciation will be self-fulfilled.
Although this intuitive argument points out the possibility of self-fulfilling equilibria induced by a PPP rule, it is important to disentangle the conditions under which these equilibria are possible. The following proposition achieves this goal characterizing locally the equilibrium for the model described by equations (37)-(40).
Proposition 1 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule that is described by with Let and be defined as in (41) and define
a) If and then there is real indeterminacy.
b) If and then there is real determinacy.
c) If then there is real determinacy for any .
Proof. See Appendix.
From Proposition 1 it is clear that conditions under which PPP rules lead to multiple equilibria do not simply depend on the response coefficient On the contrary some of the structural parameters of the model play a fundamental role in the determinacy of equilibrium. In essence all the parameters that affect and are relevant for the analysis. In order for the PPP rule to induce multiple equilibria two conditions must be satisfied. The first one constrains the possible values that the structural parameters may take ( ); the second one points out the importance of the PPP rule on inducing real indeterminacy. It sets a threshold for the nominal depreciation response coefficient that depends on the structural parameters of the model ( ). Even more interesting is the result of part c) in the proposition. It says that for some values that the structural parameters may take and regardless of the value of the nominal devaluation response coefficient (, the model displays real determinacy. This result contrasts with the results of Uribe (2003) that claims that if the elasticity of the PPP rule is sufficiently large then a model with sticky-prices always displays real indeterminacy.
To understand the important role that some of the structural parameters of the model may play in the determinacy of equilibrium analysis, we study how the aforementioned threshold ( ) varies with respect to some of these structural parameters. Specifically we consider the share of traded goods (), the degree of monopolistic competition in the non-traded sector () and the degree of price stickiness in the non-traded sector ().21 Note that the share of traded goods can be considered a measure of the degree of openness of the economy with describing a very closed economy. The following corollary summarizes the main results.
Corollary 1 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule given by with . Let be defined as in Proposition 1 and assume , then a) ; b) and c) .
Proof. See Appendix.
Using Proposition 1 and Corollary 1 we can understand the effects of varying some of the structural parameters and the semi-elasticity of the rule ( on the determinacy of equilibrium. In fact when we can conclude that given the semi-elasticity of the PPP rule, the less open the economy is (the lower is), the more likely that the PPP rule will induce aggregate instability in the economy by generating multiple equilibria. In addition, given the semi-elasticity of the PPP rule and keeping the rest constant, the higher the degree of monopolistic competition in the non-traded sector (the higher ), the more likely that the rule will lead to real indeterminacy. Finally under ceteris paribus and given the semi-elasticity of the rule we find that the lower the degree of price stickiness in the non-traded sector (the lower ), the more feasible that the rule will induce multiple equilibria.
Notwithstanding the relevance of these analytical results, it is crucial to investigate their quantitative importance. To accomplish this we rely on a specific parametrization of the model. Since this exercise is merely indicative we borrow some values of the parameters from previous studies about emerging and small open economies.22 Following Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe's (2001) study about Mexico we assign the following values to some of the relevant structural parameters of the model: per quarter, per quarter, , and . We set that corresponds roughly to the imports to GDP share in Mexico during the 90's. Finally we set , that corresponds to Dib's (2001) estimate of for Canada in a model with only nominal rigidities.23 With these values, we will perform four exercises characterizing locally the equilibrium. We will vary the semi-elasticity of the rule, and one and only one of the following structural and policy parameters: , and We summarize the parametrization in the following table.
Table 1
The results of our exercises are presented in Figure 1, where I'' stands for real indeterminacy and D'' stands for real determinacy. As can be observed, this figure confirms the results in Proposition 1 and Corollary 1 showing how significant these results are in quantitative terms. Consider the top left panel. From this panel we can infer the following. Suppose that the government in response to a 1 per cent appreciation of the real exchange rate, devalues the nominal exchange rate by 2 percent. In other words, assume that the semi-elasticity of the PPP rule is -2. Whereas this PPP rule may induce multiple equilibria in an economy whose degree of openness is 0.2, the same rule leads to a unique equilibrium in an economy whose degree of openness is 0.6.
Similar inferences can be pursued from the top right and bottom left panels of Figure 1. That is although a rule with semi-elasticity of -2 guarantees a unique equilibrium in an economy with a degree of monopolistic competition of 5 (a degree of price stickiness of 5), the same rule induces multiple equilibria when the aforementioned degree corresponds to 15 (2).
Although it is not possible to derive an analytical result to see how varying the implied nominal depreciation target ( ) and the semi-elasticity of the rule ( ) affects the determinacy of equilibrium, it is possible to evaluate this quantitatively as presented in the bottom right panel of Figure 1. This panel illustrates that given the semi-elasticity of the rule the lower the implied nominal depreciation target the more likely is that the PPP rule will induce real indeterminacy. In addition, it is important to observe that in all four panels of Figure 1 there are regions for which the model always displays real determinacy regardless of the semi-elasticity of the rule. This agrees with part c) of Proposition 1.
To finalize this section we want to point out that similar qualitative results to the ones presented in this section can be obtained if the PPP rule is defined in terms of the real depreciation rate. That is where 24
## 4 The Learnability Analysis
The importance of the result from the previous section, that a PPP rule may induce aggregate instability by generating multiple equilibria in the economy, stems from the fact that such rule opens the possibility of expectations driven fluctuations in economic activity. In particular, the model may admit self-fulfilling rational expectations equilibria driven by extraneous processes known as sunspots.25
However the previous results, as the ones in Uribe (2003), do not discuss the attainability of these PPP rule induced sunspot equilibria. They do not even mention how attainable the unique equilibrium is. Strictly speaking, and regardless of real determinacy or real indeterminacy, it is not clear whether and how agents may coordinate their actions in order to achieve a particular equilibrium in the model. The purpose of this section is to address this issue. We want to study the potential of agents to learn the unique equilibrium characterized by the fundamental solution and sunspot equilibria described by a common factor solution.
Figure 1: This figure shows how the local determinacy of equilibrium varies with respect to the semi-elasticity of the rule ( ), the share of traded goods (), the degree of monopolistic competition in the non-traded sector (), the degree of price stickiness in the non-traded sector () and the implied nominal depreciation rate target ( ). I'' stands for real indeterminacy (multiple equilibria) and D'' stands for real determinacy (a unique equilibrium). ES'' corresponds to E-Stability.
### Description of Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the combinations of the semi-elasticity of the rule and other structural parameters of the model under which there is a unique equilibrium (real determinacy) whose Minimal State Variable (MSV) representation is learnable in the E-stability sense. These combinations are denoted by D-ES''. The figure also shows the combinations of these parameters under which there are multiple equilibria (real indeterminacy) and sunspot equilibria whose Common Factor (CF) representation is learnable in the E-stability sense. We denote these combinations by I-ES''. Figure 1 has four panels. We proceed to describe each panel. The top-left panel shows the combinations for the semi-elasticity of the rule ( ) and the share of traded goods () under which there is D-ES'' or I-ES''. The panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and regardless of there is always D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is concave and has a negative slope. It crosses the -axis at -1.5 and the -axis at 0.7 approximately.( approximately'' since cannot be zero.) To the north-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''. To the south-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''.
The top-right panel shows the combinations for the semi-elasticity of the rule ( ) and the degree of monopolistic competition () under which there is D-ES'' or I-ES''. This panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and regardless of there is always D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is concave and has a positive slope. It crosses the -axis.at 6 approximately. To the north-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''. To the south-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''.
The bottom-left panel shows the combinations for the semi-elasticity of the rule ( ) and the degree of price stickiness () under which there is D-ES'' or I-ES''. This panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and regardless of there is always D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is concave and has a negative slope. It crosses the -axis at -0.8 and the -axis.at 4.75 approximately.( approximately'' since cannot be zero.) To the north-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''. To the south-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''.
The bottom-right panel shows the combinations for the semi-elasticity of the rule ( ) and the depreciation target ( ) under which there is D-ES'' or I-ES''. This panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and regardless of there is always D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is concave and has a negative slope. It crosses the -axis at 0 and the -axis at 0.022 approximately. To the north-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''. To the south-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''.
As a criterion of learnability'' of an equilibrium we will use the concept of E-stability'' proposed by Evans and Honkapohja (1999, 2001). That is, an equilibrium is learnable'' if it is E-Stable''.26 Consequently we start by assuming that agents in our model no longer are endowed with rational expectations. Instead they have adaptive rules whereby agents form expectations using recursive least squares updating and data from the system. Then we derive the conditions for expectational stability (E-stability).
In our analysis we will focus on the expectational stability concept for the following reasons. First, in models that display a unique equilibrium (real determinacy models), Marcet and Sargent (1989) and Evans and Honkapohja (1999, 2001) have shown that under some general conditions, the notional time concept of expectational stability of a rational expectation equilibrium governs the local convergence of real time adaptive learning algorithms. Specifically they have shown that under E-stability, recursive least-squares learning is locally convergent to the rational expectations equilibrium. Second, Evans and McGough (2003) have numerically argued that under some assumptions about the parameters of a linear stochastic univariate model, with a predetermined variable, the same argument applies when this model displays sunspot equilibria. Formally they have stated that under a strict subset of the structural parameter space, there exist stationary sunspot equilibria that are locally stable under least square learning provided that agents use a common factor representation for their estimated law of motion.
We adapt the methodology of Evans and Honkapohja (1999, 2001) and Evans and McGough (2003) to pursue the learnability (E-stability) analysis. Accordingly we need to define the concept of E-stability. In order to define it we give an idea of the methodology we apply for the case of real determinacy.
To grasp the methodology, it becomes useful to reduce our model to the following linear stochastic difference equations system. Use (37), (38), (39) and (40) to rewrite the model as
(45)
where
(46)
and denotes in general (non-rational) expectations. Next, assume that the agents follow a perceived law of motion (PLM) that in this case of real determinacy corresponds to the fundamental solution27
Iterating forward this law of motion and using it to eliminate all the forecasts in the model we can derive the implied actual law of motion (ALM)
Then we obtain the T-mapping whose fixed points correspond to the rational expectations equilibria. An equilibrium is said to be E-stable if this mapping is stable at the equilibrium in question. More formally a fixed point of the T-mapping is E-stable provided that the differential equation
is locally asymptotically stable at that particular fixed point, where is defined as the notional'' time.28
For the case of sunspot equilibria we apply the same methodology but in that case the PLM is augmented by the sunspot and its particular structure. In particular we will focus on the common factor representation proposed by Evans and McGough (2003). Due to space constraint we refer the readers to the aforementioned references for a detailed explanation.29
It is important to observe that a fundamental part in the learnability analysis consists of making explicit what agents know when they form their forecasts. In the E-stability analysis literature it is common to assume that when agents form their expectations they do not know In this paper this assumption may be inconsistent with the assumptions that we use to derive the equations of the model. In particular notice that for the derivation of the first order conditions of the representative agent we assume that (or in a symmetric equilibrium ) and Therefore assuming in the learnability analysis that the agents do not know when forming expectations would have some implications for the specification of the model. Specifically it would require to replace and in equations (37), (38) and (40) with the expectations of and given current information ( and exogenous shocks). Henceforth for the learnability analysis of the model (45) we will assume that when forming expectations agents know
We proceed to present the results of the learnability analysis for the fundamental solution of the model (45) in the following Proposition.
Proposition 2 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule that is described by and Let , and be defined as in (41) and (46) respectively, and . Consider the following AR(1) representation
(47)
where is defined as a stable root of the quadratic equation and is defined by Under the real determinacy conditions specified in Proposition 1, there is a unique equilibrium of the model (45) characterized by the fundamental solution (47), with and this solution is learnable in the E-stability sense.
Proof. See Appendix.
Proposition 2 points out that when the model displays a unique equilibrium (real determinacy) then the fundamental solution is E-stable. This is the reason of denoting as D-ES'' the regions of the four panels of Figure 1 for which the model displays not only real determinacy but also E-stability. The importance of this result stems from the fact that policy makers will face less difficulties in implementing PPP rules that lead to a unique equilibrium since they know that agents will coordinate on that equilibrium and the macroeconomic system will not diverge away from the targeted equilibrium.
It is also possible to show that under real indeterminacy the fundamental solution or MSV solution can be E-stable. However in this case policy makers will face other difficulties. In particular under multiple equilibria there might be self-fulfilling rational expectations equilibria driven by extraneous processes known as sunspot. These equilibria may be characterized by undesirable features such as larger volatility of macroeconomic variables suggesting that policy makers should avoid rules that in principle may induce multiple equilibria.
Although the previous argument may sound appealing, it may suffer from some drawbacks. For instance, it is not clear whether agents are able to coordinate their actions on a particular sunspot equilibria. To clarify this issue the next proposition illustrates that some particular representations of stationary sunspot equilibria can be E-stable. To simplify the analysis and to be able to derive analytical results we assume that
Proposition 3 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule that is described by and Let , and be defined as in (41) and (46) respectively, and , and assume that Consider the following common factor representation
(48) (49)
where , are unique and correspond to the real roots of the quadratic equation is arbitrary, and is a martingale difference sequence.30
a) Under the real indeterminacy conditions specified in Proposition 1, there are stationary sunspot equilibria of (45) characterized by the common factor representation (48) and (49), where and and this representation is learnable in the E-stability sense.
b) Under the real indeterminacy conditions specified in Proposition 1, there are stationary sunspot equilibria of (45) characterized by the common factor representation (48) and (49), where and and this representation is NOT learnable in the E-stability sense.31
Proof. See Appendix.
Proposition 3 demonstrates that some common factor representations of sunspot equilibria induced by PPP rules are learnable in the sense of E-stability. We would like to emphasize the important role that the common factor representations proposed by Evans and McGough (2003) play in the learnability analysis. To see this, observe that the typical stationary sunspot equilibrium representation, where denotes the sunspot, is never E-stable. The reason is that such perceived law of motion leads to an actual law of motion that implies that But this suggests that the typical sunspot representation is not learnable This argument in tandem with Proposition 3 reveal that common factor representations make stationary sunspot equilibria more likely to arise under private learning than previously recognized.
Our results from the real determinacy and learnability of equilibrium analyses pose the question of whether changing the timing of the PPP rule avoids sunspot equilibria and still induces a unique equilibrium that is E-stable. Similarly to the findings in the interest rate rule literature, we find that a PPP rule that is backward-looking in the sense of being defined in terms of the past real exchange rate satisfies these two requirements.32 A backward-looking PPP rule can be described as and using this specification and equations (37), (38) and (39), we can reduce the model to
(50)
where
(51)
and denotes in general (non-rational) expectations.
The following proposition summarizes the aforementioned result.
Proposition 4 Suppose the government follows a backward-looking PPP rule that is described by and , and consider the model described in (50) Let , and be defined as in (41), and (51) respectively and . Consider the AR(1) representation
(52)
where is uniquely defined as a stable root of the quadratic equation and is also uniquely defined by
a) If either and or and with then the model (50) displays a unique equilibrium (real determinacy) that can be represented by the fundamental solution (52) with . Moreover this solution is E-stable.
b) If and then there exists no equilibrium.
Proof. See Appendix.
## 5 PPP Rules Defined in Terms of The CPI-Inflation
In this section we analyze a different type of PPP rule. We study rules whereby the government in response to an increase in the CPI-inflation, increases the nominal depreciation rate. The motivation to consider this type of rule is twofold. First, from an empirical point of view, Calvo et al. (1995) mention that starting in 1968, Brazil's government implemented a rule by which the exchange rate was adjusted as a function of the difference between domestic and U.S. inflation. In addition, between 1985 and 1992, Chile used an exchange rate band whose trend was determined by the difference between the domestic inflation rate and a measure of the average inflation in the rest of the world. Second, from a theoretical point of view, Dornbusch (1980, 1982) conceives PPP rules as a means to introduce the necessary real flexibility to cope with intrinsic (fundamental) uncertainty in a world that faces nominal rigidities. He defines a PPP rule as a function whereby the nominal exchange rate is positively linked to the domestic price index.
We try to capture the aforementioned stylized facts and some of the flavor of Dornbusch's work by defining a rule whereby the nominal depreciation rate is positively linked to the difference between the domestic CPI inflation () and the foreign CPI-inflation.33 However note that since in our analysis the foreign variables are considered exogenous and constant, then the specification of the PPP rule reduces to
(53)
where is a continuous function.
As before we proceed in the following way. First we will prove that such rule may induce aggregate instability in the economy by generating multiple equilibria and opening the possibility of sunspot equilibria. Specifically we will study and disentangle the conditions under which this rule leads to real indeterminacy or to real determinacy. Second, we will study the learnability'' properties not only of the fundamental solution but also of the common factor representation of stationary sunspot equilibria.
The following proposition summarizes the conditions under which the aforementioned PPP rule induces either real determinacy or real indeterminacy in the model.
Proposition 5 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule given by with Let and be defined as in (41) and define .
a) If then there is real indeterminacy.
b) If either or then there is real determinacy.
c) If then there exists no equilibrium.
Proof. See Appendix.
Proposition 5 suggests that multiple equilibria are also possible for PPP rules that depend on the current CPI-inflation. In particular it points out that a necessary condition for these rules to cause real indeterminacy is that the response coefficient to the CPI- inflation be less than one. That means that in response to a one percent increase in the CPI-inflation rate, the government raises the nominal devaluation rate in less than one percent. Interestingly such response seems to be feasible in the practice of economic policy. However in order to generate real indeterminacy the nominal depreciation response coefficient, must be above a threshold, which in turn depends on the structural parameters that affect and Therefore, as before, we proceed studying analytically and numerically how varying some structural parameters of the model affects the previously mentioned threshold. In particular we focus our analysis on the degree of openness of the economy, , and the degrees of monopolistic competition, and price stickiness, , in the non-traded sector. The results are presented in Corollary 2.
Corollary 2 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule given by with . Let be defined as in Proposition 5 and satisfy then a) , b) and c) .
Proof. See Appendix.
Using Proposition 5 and Corollary 2 we can breakdown the effects of varying some of the structural parameters of the model and the PPP rule response coefficient to CPI-inflation on the determinacy of equilibrium analysis. In fact, when we can conclude the following. Given the PPP rule response coefficient to CPI-inflation, the less open the economy is (the lower is), the more likely that the PPP rule will induce aggregate instability in the economy by generating multiple equilibria. In addition, given the rule response coefficient to CPI-inflation and keeping the rest constant, the higher the degree of monopolistic competition in the non-traded sector (the higher , the more likely that the rule will lead to real indeterminacy. Finally under ceteris paribus and given the rule response coefficient to CPI-inflation, the lower the degree of price stickiness in the non-traded sector (the lower ), the more feasible that the rule will induce multiple equilibria.
Under the parametrization of Table 1 we construct Figure 2 that corroborates these results quantitatively. To some extent it also validates numerically how likely is that the aforementioned PPP rule may destabilize the economy by generating multiple equilibria. Moreover although it is not possible to derive an analytical result to see how varying the implied nominal depreciation target ( ) and the response coefficient to the CPI-inflation ( ) affect the determinacy of equilibrium, it is possible to evaluate this quantitatively. In short the bottom right panel of Figure 2 illustrates that given the response coefficient of the rule the lower the nominal depreciation target is, the more likely is that the PPP rule will induce real indeterminacy.
It is also important to observe that similar qualitative results to the ones described in Proposition 5 and Corollary 2 can be obtained if the PPP rule is defined in terms of the non-traded goods inflation rate. That is with Furthermore it is also possible to prove that a backward-looking rule defined in terms of the past CPI-inflation rate will avoid multiple equilibria.34
Figure 2: This figure shows how the local determinacy of equilibrium varies with respect to the PPP rule response coefficient to the CPI-inflation ( ) , the share of traded goods (), the degree of monopolistic competition in the non-traded sector (), the degree of price stickiness in the non-traded sector () and the implied nominal depreciation rate target ( ). "I" stands for real indeterminacy (multiple equilibria), "D" stands for real determinacy (a unique equilibrium) and "N" for non-existence of equilibrium. "ES" corresponds to E-Stability.
### Description of Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the combinations of the PPP rule response coefficient to the CPI-inflation and other structural parameters of the model under which there is a unique equilibrium (real determinacy) whose Minimal State Variable (MSV) representation is learnable in the E-stability sense. These combinations are denoted by D-ES''. The figure also shows the combinations of these parameters under which there are multiple equilibria (real indeterminacy) and sunspot equilibria whose Common Factor (CF) representation is learnable in the E-stability sense. We denote these combinations by I-ES''. In addition the figure shows the combinations that imply the non-existence of an equilibrium denoted by N''. Figure 2 has four panels. We proceed to describe each panel.
The top-left panel shows the combinations for the PPP rule response coefficient to the CPI-inflation ( ) and the share of traded goods () under which there is D-ES'' or I-ES''. The panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For there is D-ES'' or N''. For there is a frontier of combinations of andthat separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is convex and has a positive slope. It crosses the -axis at 0.45 approximately.( approximately'' since cannot be zero.) To the north-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''. To the south-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''.
The top-right panel shows the combinations for the PPP rule response coefficient to the CPI-inflation ( ) and the degree of monopolistic competition () under which there is D-ES'', I-ES'' or N''. This panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and there is D-ES'' or N''. For and there is D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is convex, has a negative slope and goes through To the north-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''. To the south-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''.
The bottom-left panel shows the combinations for the PPP rule response coefficient to the CPI-inflation ( ) and the degree of price stickiness () under which there is D-ES'', I-ES'' or N''. This panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and there is D-ES'' or N''. For and there is D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is concave, has a positive slope and goes through and approximately.( approximately'' since cannot be zero.) To the north-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''. To the south-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''.
The bottom-right panel shows the combinations for the PPP rule response coefficient to the CPI-inflation ( ) and the depreciation target ( ) under which there is D-ES'', I-ES'' or N''. This panel measures on the vertical axis with and on the horizontal axis with For and there is D-ES'' or N''. For and there is D-ES''. For there is a frontier of combinations of and that separates the combinations of D-ES'' from I-ES''. This frontier is concave, has a positive slope and goes through and approximately. To the north-west of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is I-ES''. To the south-east of this frontier we have the combinations for and under which there is D-ES''.
We proceed by pursuing the learnability analysis. As argued before this analysis is useful to evaluate the attainability of the possible unique equilibrium and multiple equilibria induced by the PPP rule. We use equations (37), (38), (39) and the log-linearized versions of (8) and to reduce the model to
(54)
where
(55)
and denotes in general (non-rational) expectations.
As before in order to pursue the learnability analysis we use the methodology proposed by Evans and Honkapohja (1999, 2001). We derive some E-stability conditions and check whether a particular representation of the equilibrium under analysis satisfies or violates them.
The following proposition summarizes the results.
Proposition 6 Suppose the government follows a PPP rule that is described by and Let , and be defined as in (41) and (55) respectively and .
a) Under the real determinacy conditions specified in Proposition 5 there exists a unique equilibrium characterized by the fundamental solution
(56)
where is uniquely defined by the quadratic equation and is also uniquely defined by This solution is learnable in the E-stability sense.35
b) Assume that Under the real indeterminacy conditions specified in Proposition 5 there are stationary sunspot equilibria described by the common factor representation
(57) (58)
where are unique and correspond to the roots of the quadratic equation is arbitrary, and is a martingale difference sequence. In particular, the common factor representation (57) and (58) with and is learnable in the E-stability sense.36
Proof. See Appendix.
Proposition 6 states that when the PPP rule under study induces a unique equilibrium then this equilibrium represented by the fundamental solution, also known as the MSV solution, is learnable in the E-stability sense. This result is important since it means that given that the rule induces a unique equilibrium then agents will be able to coordinate on that particular equilibrium and therefore the economy will converge towards it over time. In addition as was demonstrated in Proposition 2, it is also possible to prove for PPP rules defined in terms of the CPI-inflation, that even under real indeterminacy the fundamental solution is still E-stable. However under real indeterminacy there are other equilibria such as stationary sunspot equilibria whose feasibility is worth evaluating in terms of learnabiliy. Accordingly, the second part of Proposition 6 shows that a common factor representation of stationary sunspot equilibria is learnable in the sense of E-stability. This result is interesting for two reasons. First, as mentioned before, it suggests that sunspot equilibria induced by PPP rules are more likely to occur. Second, it warns policy makers about some of the negative consequences of implementing PPP rules that respond to inflation. Dornbusch (1980, 1982) conceived PPP rules as a means to introduce the necessary real flexibility to cope with intrinsic (fundamental) uncertainty in an economy with nominal rigidities. In contrast our result points out that such PPP rules may open the possibility of learnable representations of sunspot equilibria aggravating the effects of extrinsic (non-fundamental) uncertainty in an economy with nominal rigidities.
## 6 Conclusions
In this paper we establish and disentangle the conditions under which PPP rules lead to real (in)determinacy in a small open economy that faces nominal rigidities. We find that besides the specification of the rule, structural parameters such as the share of traded goods (that measures the degree of openness of the economy) and the degrees of imperfect competition and price stickiness in the non-traded sector play a crucial role in the determinacy of equilibrium.
More importantly to evaluate the relevance of the determinacy results we also pursue a learnability (E-stability) analysis. We show that for rules that guarantee a unique equilibrium the fundamental solution that describes this equilibrium is learnable in the E-stability sense. Similarly we show that for PPP rules that open the possibility of sunspot equilibria, some common factor representations of these equilibria are also E-stable. That is, agents can coordinate their actions and learn some representations of stationary sunspot equilibria. In this sense these equilibria are more likely to occur under PPP rules than previously recognized and therefore these rules are more prone to cause aggregate instability in the economy.
Dornbusch (1980, 1982) conceived PPP rules as a means of introducing the real flexibility necessary to cope with intrinsic (fundamental) uncertainty in an economy with nominal rigidities. Our results indicate that PPP rules must be chosen with care in order to avoid the possibility of learnable'' sunspot equilibria and the associated aggravation of the effects of extrinsic (non-fundamental) uncertainty. In other words, PPP rules should satisfy two stability requirements: uniqueness and learnability. On one hand, the rule should avoid sunspot equilibria that are usually associated with undesirable properties such as a large degree of volatility. On the other hand, the rule should guarantee that agents can indeed coordinate their actions on the equilibrium the policy makers are targeting and that the economy will not in fact diverge away from this target.
There are some possible extensions of the analysis presented in this paper. First, one may consider extending the model to have two traded goods: a domestic one and a foreign one. This will enrich the analysis making the model more similar to the ones in Dornbusch (1980, 1982). Under this set-up one can explore how our results may vary when the government responds to different measures of inflation in the PPP rule. Second one may study how our determinacy and learnability of equilibrium results may be affected by following the approach by Preston (2003). That is, instead of imposing the assumption of non-rational expectations on the derived log-linearized model, we may impose this assumption as a primitive one of the model. This assumption implies that agents do not have a complete economic model with which to derive true probability laws since they do not know other agents' tastes and beliefs. In this case agents solve multi-period decision problems whereby their actions depend on forecasts of macroeconomic conditions many periods into the future. We leave these extensions for further research.
## 7 Appendix
Lemma 1 In a linearized system of difference equations whose matrix is denoted by and whose characteristic equation corresponds to ( )= if either a) , or b) or c) then the system displays real eigenvalues.
Proof. First we recall from Azariadis (1993) that a sufficient condition for such a linearized system to have real eigenvalues is that . Then to prove a) is trivial.
To prove b) we start by noting that means that But this implies that that with the aforementioned sufficient condition in turn leads to . Hence the eigenvalues are real.
To prove c) we point out that means that But this implies that that in turn leads to . Hence the eigenvalues are real.
### 7.1 Proof of Proposition 1
Proof. To prove all the parts of the proposition we use (37), (38), (39) and (40) to derive the following system
where
is the forecast error for the non-traded goods inflation defined as and where the forms of and are omitted since they are not needed in what follows. For the the proof of the proposition it is convenient to pursue the determinacy analysis for the system written in the form where instead of . It will reduce tremendously the number of cases that have to be analyzed.37 For this linearized system we have that the trace of , the determinant of , and the characteristic polynomial associated with correspond to
respectively. Using these expressions we obtain
where
All these expressions together with and and the assumptions about the structural parameters allows us to observe that and By Lemma 1, this last inequality implies that the eigenvalues are real.
To prove part a) we proceed as follows. Observe that since then . Hence from and we can conclude that This in conjunction with and imply that the system has two explosive eigenvalues and (which means that and Thus the steady state is a source (See Azariadis, 1993). Since is the only non-predetermined variable of the system then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays real indeterminacy.
To prove b) we note that from and we can conclude that This in tandem with and imply that the system has one explosive eigenvalue and one non-explosive eigenvalue Hence the steady state is a saddle path (See Azariadis, 1993). Since is the only non-predetermined variable of the system then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays real determinacy.
Finally to prove c) we use the fact that implies that and therefore Then the analysis pursued to prove part b) follows.
### 7.2 Proof of Corollary 1
Proof. First use the steady state description and the definition of and given by (41) to calculate
where we use the assumptions about the structural parameters to determine the sign of the derivatives. Next we use these results and the definition of given in Proposition 1, together with the assumptions about the structural parameters to derive
where
### 7.3 Proof of Proposition 2
Proof. To prove a) we proceed in the following way. First, we rewrite the first equation in (45) as
(59)
where is the lag operator, and is a martingale difference sequence. The associated characteristic equation of (59) is
(60)
whose roots are denoted by with . Second we establish a relationship between the roots and the roots in the proof of Proposition 1. In particular it is straightforward to show that and that
(61)
where was defined in the proof of Proposition 1.
Third, using these relationships and the proof in Proposition 1, it is trivial to show that under real determinacy, the unique equilibrium of the model (45) characterized by the fundamental solution (47) with is in fact a solution of the model (45).
Fourth, we derive the E-stability conditions. Consider the model (45) and assume that the agents follow a perceived law of motion (PLM) that in this case of real determinacy corresponds to the fundamental solution
Iterating forward this law of motion and taking expectations we obtain ; using this to eliminate all the forecasts in the model (45) and assuming that agents know when they make their forecasts, we can derive the implied actual law of motion (ALM)
Then we obtain the T-mapping whose fixed points correspond to the rational expectations equilibrium with satisfying satisfying (60) and satisfying . Note that since then . Moreover since the matrix of derivatives is block triangular then it is simple to show that its eigenvalues are and which in turn mean that the E-stability conditions correspond to
Moreover using (60) we can rewrite these conditions as
(62)
Finally recall that in the proof of Proposition 1 we derived that real determinacy is associated with one explosive eigenvalue and one non-explosive eigenvalue Then using this and we can infer that and either or Moreover using (61) we can rewrite the conditions (62) as
For we have that the E-stability conditions (63) become
(64)
Then defining Proposition 2 follows since it is simple to see that the E-stability conditions are satisfied given , and either or
### 7.4 Proof of Proposition 3
Proof. This proof builds on Evans and McGough (2003). First, we rewrite the model (45) as
(65)
where is the lag operator, and is a martingale difference sequence. The associated characteristic equation of (65) is
(66)
whose roots are denoted by with . Note that . Recall that in the proof of Proposition 1 we argued that real indeterminacy was associated with the two explosive eigenvalues and Then using this and we can infer that and Moreover using (61) and the definitions and in (46) we obtain Using the conditions of real indeterminacy, and it is simple to derive that Then using Lemma 1 we can conclude that the roots are real. In addition without loss of generality we can assume that the roots are and
Second, we point out that following Propositions 3 and 4 in Evans and McGough (2003), it is simple to prove that the process is a rational expectations equilibrium in (45) with , if and only if there is a martingale difference sequence such that solves (48) with (49).
Third, we derive the E-stability conditions adapting the analysis of Evans and McGough (2003). In particular, note that we assume that agents knows when making the forecast Consider the stochastic model (45) and suppose that the agents follow a perceived law of motion (PLM) such as
where is a martingale difference sequence. Iterating forward these laws of motion and taking expectations we obtain ; using this to eliminate all the forecasts in the model (45) and assuming that agents know when they make their forecasts, we can derive the implied actual law of motion (ALM)
Then we obtain the T-mapping
whose fixed points correspond to the rational expectations equilibrium with and satisfying (66), respectively and 38 Since the matrix of derivatives is block triangular then it is simple to show that the eigenvalues correspond to and which in turn means that the E-stability conditions reduce to
Moreover using (66) and noting that and we can rewrite these conditions as
(67)
However note that for the last E-stability condition, it is always true that for the common factor representation we have that either and therefore implying or, and therefore implying Hence the differential equation for is Using a similar argument to the one developed in Evans and Honkapohja (1992) it is possible to show that as either or then converges to a finite value. This means that the only stability conditions that are required to be checked are and
Fourth, we recall our result from the beginning of this proof that states that under real indeterminacy the roots are and
To prove part a) we use the fact that for we have that the E-stability conditions and become and Since and it is clear that these E-stability conditions are satisfied. Hence the common factor representation (48) and (49) with and is learnable in the E-stability sense.
To prove part b) we utilize the fact that for we have that the E-stability condition is clearly not satisfied for given that implies
### 7.5 Proof of Proposition 4
Proof. To prove a) first we write the characteristic equation associated with (50) as
where and are defined in (51). Second using this, and and and the assumptions about the structural parameters we can derive that
where . Observe that since by Lemma 1 we know that the eigenvalues are real.
Third note that if either and or and then Using this and the previous results that and that the eigenvalues are real we may infer that the steady state is a saddle with one of the eigenvalues falling in () and the other one falling in () as explained in Azariadis (1993). Given that is the only predetermined variable then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays real determinacy.
Fourth it is straightforward to prove that the fundamental solution is in fact a solution of (50). Fifth we prove that this fundamental solution is E-stable. In order to do so we need to derive the E-stability conditions. The procedure to derive them is exactly the same as the procedure followed in the proof of Proposition 2. In fact the conditions are the same as the ones previously derived. Here we present only the conditions. The E-stability conditions are
It is simple to see that the E-stability conditions are satisfied given , and Then the fundamental solution is learnable in the E-stability sense and statement a) of this proposition follows.
To prove b) it is enough to note that if and then we can derive that . Using this and the previous results that and that the eigenvalues are real we may infer from Azariadis (1993) that the steady state is a source with one eigenvalue falling in ( ) and the other in (). Since is the only predetermined variable then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays no equilibrium for this case.
### 7.6 Proof of Proposition 5
Proof. To prove all the parts of the proposition we use (37), (38), (39) and the log-linearized versions of (8) and to derive the following system
where
is the forecast error for the non-traded goods inflation defined as and where the forms of and are omitted since they are not needed in what follows. For the the proof of the proposition it is convenient to pursue the determinacy analysis for the system written in the form where instead of . It will reduce tremendously the number of cases that have to be analyzed.39 For this linearized system we have that the trace of , the determinant of , and the characteristic polynomial associated with correspond to
respectively. Using these expressions we obtain
where In this proof we will use the facts that and as well as the constraints imposed on the structural parameters listed in the description of the model.
To prove part a) we proceed as follows. Observe that since and then and therefore By Lemma 1, this last inequality implies that the eigenvalues are real. In addition since by assumption (and ), then we can infer that It is straightforward to show that and imply that a result we will use later Hence in tandem with help us to conclude that the system has two explosive eigenvalues and and that the steady state is a source as explained in Azariadis (1993). This means that and Since is the only non-predetermined variable of the system then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays real indeterminacy.
To prove b) consider the assumption We have to take into account two cases: and For we have that since by assumption then By Lemma 1, this last inequality implies that the eigenvalues are real. In addition since by assumption then we can infer that This in tandem with imply that the steady state is a saddle point with one explosive eigenvalue and one non-explosive eigenvalue as shown in Azariadis (1993).
For we have that since by assumption then In addition since by assumption then we can infer that which in turn implies, by Lemma 1, that the eigenvalues are real. Since and then the steady state is a saddle point and the system has one explosive eigenvalue and one non-explosive eigenvalue as explained in Azariadis (1993).
Now consider the assumption Using this we can infer that in any case we have that since then But this implies that By Lemma 1, we derive that the eigenvalues are real. In addition since by assumption then we can infer that This in tandem with imply that the steady state is a saddle point with one explosive eigenvalue and one non-explosive eigenvalue as shown in Azariadis (1993)
Therefore under either or the steady state is a saddle path. Since is the only non-predetermined variable of the system then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays real determinacy.
Finally to prove c) we start by observing that Hence . These inequalities imply that and Then we have to consider two cases: and For the first case if then since we have that By Lemma 1 this implies that the roots are real. Moreover utilizing this and and we can infer that the steady state is a sink with two non explosive eigenvalues and as explained in Azariadis(1993)
On the other hand, for the second case we have that since and then (provided that Using this and and we can conclude from Azariadis (1993) that regardless of whether the eigenvalues are real or complex the steady state is a source with two non explosive eigenvalues and
Therefore in both cases we have concluded that the steady-state is a source. Hence and Since is the only non-predetermined variable of the system then by Blanchard and Kahn (1980) we conclude that the model displays no equilibrium.
### 7.7 Proof of Corollary 2
Proof. First, observe that implies that Second, from the Proof of Corollary 1 we have that and Use all these inequalities in tandem with
where and to derive a), b) and c).
### 7.8 Proof of Proposition 6
Proof. First, observe that the characteristic equation associated with (54) is
(68)
whose roots are denoted by with . Second, we establish a relationship between these roots and the roots in the proof of Proposition 5. In particular it is straightforward to show that and that
where was defined in Proposition 5.
Third we use these relationships to prove a). Since under real determinacy in the proof of Proposition 5 we have that either and or and then we can conclude that and either or
Fourth, it is simple to show that under real determinacy, the unique equilibrium of the model (54) characterized by the fundamental solution (56) with is in fact a solution of the model (54).
Fifth, we derive the E-stability conditions. However the procedure is the same as the one explained in the proof of Proposition 2. We only rename and as and respectively. Then following the proof of Proposition 2, it is straightforward to prove that the unique equilibrium of the model (54) characterized by the fundamental solution (56) with and either or is E-stable.
Sixth to prove b) we start by noting that in (68) we have that . Next we recall that in the proof of a) in Proposition 5 we argued that real indeterminacy is associated with two non-explosive eigenvalues and Then using this and help us to infer that and Furthermore under real indeterminacy it is easy to show that . Hence which in turn means that the roots are real Then without loss of generality we can assume that the roots are and
Seventh, we point out that following Propositions 3 and 4 in Evans and McGough (2003), it is simple to prove that the process is a rational expectations equilibrium of (54) with , if and only if there is a martingale difference sequence such that solves (57) with (58). Henceforth we focus on proving the learnability of the common factor representation. However the proof is similar to the proof for Proposition 3. We just have to rename and as and respectively, and follow the steps. Then statement b) follows.
## 8 References
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Carlstrom, C. and T. Fuerst (2001), Timing and Real Indeterminacy in Monetary Models,'' Journal of Monetary Economics, 47:2, 285-298.
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Clarida, J., J. Gali and M. Gertler (2001), ''Optimal Monetary Policy in Open Versus Closed Economies: An Integrated Approach,'' American Economic Review, 91 (2), 253-257.
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Evans, G, and S. Honkapohja (2001), Learning and Expectations, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Evans, G, and B. McGough (2003), Stable Sunspot Solutions in Model with Predetermined Variables,'' Manuscript, University of Oregon, Forthcoming Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control.
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#### Footnotes
1. See Dornbusch (1980,1982), Adams and Gros (1986), Lizondo (1991), Montiel and Ostry (1991) and Calvo et al. (1995), among others. Return to text
2. This idea is not specific to PPP rules. In fact the idea that a rule that leads to indeterminacy of equilibrium may be seen as undesiderable has been emphasized by recent studies about interest rate rules. See Benhabib, Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2001), Carlstrom and Fuerst (2001), Clarida, Gali and Gertler (2000), Rotemberg and Woodford (1999) and Woodford (2003) among others. Return to text
3. Bullard and Mitra (2002) have emphasized the importance of this point in the interest rate rule literature. Return to text
4. Henceforth we will use the terms learnability'', E-stability'' and expectational stability'' interchangeably in this paper. Return to text
5. Evans and Honkapoja (1999, 2001) have argued that a unique equilibrium and sunspot equilibria are not fragile'' if they are learnable in the sense of E-stability. Technically what they propose is to assume that agents in the model initially do not have rational expectations but are endowed with a mechanism to form forecasts using recursive learning algorithms and previous data from the economy. Then they develop some E-stability conditions which govern whether or not a given rational expectations equilibrium is aymptotically stable under least squares learning. Return to text
6. From now on we will use the terms multiple equilibria'' and real indeterminacy'' (a unique equilibrium'' and real determinacy'') interchangeably. By real indeterminacy we mean a situation in which the behavior of one or more (real) variables of the model is not pinned down by the model. This situation implies that there are multiple equilibria and opens the possibility of the existence of sunspot equilibria. Return to text
7. This fundamental solution is also well-known as the Minimal State Variable solution. See McCallum (1983). Return to text
8. The common factor representation is an alternative representation of a Rational Expectations Equilibria. See Evans and Honkapoja (1986). Return to text
9. Dornbusch (1980,1982) uses a Mundell and Fleming small open economy model with sticky wages á la Taylor and finds that the aformentioned PPP rule affects the output price-level stability trade-off through two different channels. On one hand, it tries to maintain constant the real exchange rate stabilizing net exports and therefore the demand side. On the other hand, it affects the supply side by its effect on the price of imported intermediate goods. Dornbusch shows that in such a model if the economy is hit by supply shocks then the price volatility always increases with tighter PPP rules. If the demand channel dominates the supply channel then the PPP rule reduces the volatility of output. But if the supply channel dominates the demand channel then the volatility of output is increased. Return to text
10. The set-up of this model is very similar to Uribe (2003) and Zanna (2003a). However we endogenize labor in both sectors and introduce technology shocks. Moreover we use specific functional forms to be able to convey the main message of this paper. In particular we assume separability in terms of both types of consumption. A CES utility function will not affect the qualitative results of this paper but will make the derivation of our analytical results cumbersome. Return to text
11. For the first part of the paper we will assume that agents have rational expectations. However for the E-stability analysis we will relax this assumption. Return to text
12. Benhabib et al. (2001a,b) and Dupor (2001) also follow this approach to model price stickiness. An alternative approach follows Calvo (1983). Our results are invariant to this approach. Return to text
13. We follow Woodford (2003) to construct the budget constraint of the representative agent. Return to text
14. This price is equal to its output cost (=1) plus a term that is a function of the opportunity cost of holding wealth in monetary form. Return to text
15. Note that as a consequence of the aforementioned contingent claims that completely span the uncertainty about productivity shocks the model abstracts from wealth effects due to current account imbalances. In this respect the model is similar to the ones in Clarida, Gali and Gertler (2001) and Gali and Monacelli (2004). Return to text
17. Note that the spirit of the PPP rule and the assumption that is sticky imply that is a predetermined variable. As a consequence assuming that and are given corresponds to assume that is given which in turn avoids the possibility of nominal indeterminacy. Return to text
18. Observe that we have not included equation . The reason is that does not affect the other equations. It may affect the current account. But as in Clarida et al. (2001) and Gali and Monacelli (2004) we are abtracting from wealth effects due to current account imbalances. Return to text
19. Here we assume that is a bounded sequence and that Return to text
20. It is important to remember that in the log-linearized set-up all the variables are expressed as deviations from their steady state level. Return to text
21. It is possible to do the same exercise with respect to other structural parameters such as the share of labor in the production function ( ). These results are available upon request. We focus our analyzis on the share of traded goods () because this is a particular feature of open economies. We also concentrate the analysis on the degrees of monopolistic competition () and price stickiness () in the non-traded sector because these parameters capture an important asymmetry between the traded and non-traded sectors. Return to text
22. Note that for this exercise we do not need to assign values to all the parameters. We only present the parametrization of the relevant parameters. Return to text
23. There is no clear consensus about the value that this parameter must take in emerging economies. One of the reasons is the lack of studies that have tried to estimate Phillips curves for these economies and that may give information about possible values for this parameter. Even for an industrialized economy such as Canada, this parameter varies between 2.80 and 44.07, depending on the model specification (type of nominal and real rigidities). See Dib (2001). Return to text
25. The idea of expectation driven fluctuations dates back to Keynes (1936). Return to text
26. It is important to observe that for models with multiple stationary equilibria this statement lacks of technical formality. As pointed out by Evans and McGough (2003) for a model with multiple equilibria, a rational expectations equilibrium may have different representations. Therefore one should not strictly speak of learnable rational expectations equilibrium, but whether a rational expectations equilibrium representation is learnable (E-stable). Return to text
27. The Minimal State Variable (MSV) solution according to McCallum (1983). Return to text
28. Observe that this definition suggests that to prove E-stability of a fixed point corresponds to prove that all the eigenvalues of the matrix of derivatives are less than 1. Return to text
29. The proof of learnability of common factor representations of sunspot equilibria in this paper also goes over this methodology. Return to text
30. Note that strictly speaking since we are assuming that the economy starts at and we have an initial condition for then in the common factor representation of a rational expectations equilibrium equation (48) should be written as
for and arbitrary. However since then as the solution converges to a process that satisfies (48). Return to text
31. Note that NOT introducing the constant in the perceived law of motion, such that is not innocuous for statement b) of the proposition. In this case the common factor representation with and becomes E-stable. Return to text
32. Forward-looking PPP rules defined in terms of the expected future real exchange rate still open the possibility of sunspot equilibria as shown in Zanna (2003b). Return to text
33. This is also the specification in Montiel and Ostry (1991). Return to text
35. Under real indeterminacy it is also possible to prove that there is an equilibrium characterized by fundamental solution (56) with which is E-stable Return to text
36. Excluding a constant in the perceived law of motion such that is not innocuous for this part of the proposition. In this case the common factor representation with and is also E-stable. Return to text
37. One can analyze either of the forms because the eigenvalues of correspond to where are the eigenvalues of Return to text
| 2014-11-29T07:23:02 |
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|
https://lammps.sandia.gov/doc/fix_bocs.html
|
fix bocs command
Syntax
fix ID group-ID bocs keyword values ...
keyword = temp or cgiso or analytic or linear_spline or cubic_spline
temp values = Tstart Tstop Tdamp
cgiso values = Pstart Pstop Pdamp
basis set
analytic values = V_avg N_particles N_coeff Coeff_1 Coeff_2 ... Coeff_N
linear_spline values = input_filename
cubic_spline values = input_filename
Examples
fix 1 all bocs temp 300.0 300.0 100.0 cgiso 0.986 0.986 1000.0 analytic 66476.015 968 2 245030.10 8962.20
fix 1 all bocs temp 300.0 300.0 100.0 cgiso 0.986 0.986 1000.0 cubic_spline input_Fv.dat
thermo_modify press 1_press
Description
These commands incorporate a pressure correction as described by Dunn and Noid in (Dunn1) to the standard MTTK barostat by Martyna et. al. in (Martyna) . The first half of the command mimics a standard fix npt command:
fix 1 all bocs temp Tstart Tstop Tcoupl cgiso Pstart Pstop Pdamp
The two differences are replacing npt with bocs, and replacing iso/aniso/etc with cgiso. The rest of the command details what form you would like to use for the pressure correction equation. The choices are: analytic, linear_spline, or cubic_spline.
With either spline method, the only argument that needs to follow it is the name of a file that contains the desired pressure correction as a function of volume. The file should be formatted so each line has:
Volume_i, PressureCorrection_i
Note both the COMMA and the SPACE separating the volume’s value and its corresponding pressure correction. The volumes in the file should be uniformly spaced. Both the volumes and the pressure corrections should be provided in the proper units, e.g. if you are using units real, the volumes should all be in cubic angstroms, and the pressure corrections should all be in atmospheres. Furthermore, the table should start/end at a volume considerably smaller/larger than you expect your system to sample during the simulation. If the system ever reaches a volume outside of the range provided, the simulation will stop.
With the analytic option, the arguments are as follows:
... analytic V_avg N_particles N_coeff Coeff_1 Coeff_2 ... Coeff_N
Note that V_avg and Coeff_i should all be in the proper units, e.g. if you are using units real, V_avg should be in cubic angstroms, and the coefficients should all be in atmospheres * cubic angstroms.
Restrictions
As this is computing a (modified) pressure, group-ID should be all.
The pressure correction has only been tested for use with an isotropic pressure coupling in 3 dimensions.
By default, LAMMPS will still report the normal value for the pressure if the pressure is printed via a thermo command, or if the pressures are written to a file every so often. In order to have LAMMPS report the modified pressure, you must include the thermo_modify command given in the examples. For the last argument in the command, you should put XXXX_press, where XXXX is the ID given to the fix bocs command (in the example, the ID of the fix bocs command is 1 ).
This fix is part of the USER-BOCS package. It is only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the Build package doc page for more info.
Related:
For more details about the pressure correction and the entire BOCS software package, visit the BOCS package on GitHub and read the release paper by Dunn et. al. (Dunn2) .
(Dunn1) Dunn and Noid, J Chem Phys, 143, 243148 (2015).
(Martyna) Martyna, Tobias, and Klein, J Chem Phys, 101, 4177 (1994).
(Dunn2) Dunn, Lebold, DeLyser, Rudzinski, and Noid, J. Phys. Chem. B, 122, 3363 (2018).
| 2019-02-21T07:50:11 |
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|
https://indico.fnal.gov/event/16384/contributions/37262/
|
Information on precautionary site access restrictions to Fermilab's Batavia site in response to coronavirus/COVID-19
We continue to review all events currently planned for the next sixty days and organizers will be notified if their event must be canceled, postponed, or held remotely. Please, check back on Indico during this time for updates regarding your meeting specifics.
As DOE O 142.3A, Unclassified Foreign Visits and Assignments Program (FVA) applies not only to physical access to DOE sites, technologies, and equipment, but also information, all remote events hosted by Fermilab must comply with FVA requirements. This includes participant registration and agenda review. Please contact Melissa Ormond, FVA Manager, with any questions.
indico search will be reestablished in the next version upgrade of the software: https://getindico.io/roadmap/
For public events you may use either https://library.fnal.gov/indico-search/ or your browser's search engine: "your search string" site:indico.fnal.gov
# New Perspectives 2018
18-19 June 2018
Fermilab, Wilson Hall
US/Central timezone
## New electron (anti-)neutrino appearance analysis from NOvA
Jun 19, 2018, 5:00 PM
15m
One West (Fermilab, Wilson Hall)
### One West
#### Fermilab, Wilson Hall
Oral Presentation
### Speaker
Mr Bruce Howard (Indiana University)
### Description
NOvA (the NuMI Off-Axis $\nu_e$ Appearance Experiment) utilizes a near detector at Fermilab and a far detector 810km away in Ash River, MN, to study the properties of neutrinos. Using a beam originating at Fermilab, NOvA studies neutrino oscillation via the disappearance of $\nu_\mu$, $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ in the beam and the corresponding appearance of $\nu_e$, $\bar{\nu}_e$. Prior results from NOvA have studied $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ with the accumulated neutrino interactions from approximately $9\times10^{20}$ protons on target (POT), full detector equivalent. In the time since, NOvA has accumulated antineutrino data to study $\bar{\nu}_\mu \rightarrow \bar{\nu}_e$ with approximately $7\times10^{20}$ POT. Though adding to the level of complexity in the analysis, this combined data set provides enhanced sensitivity to important unresolved oscillation parameters, such as mixing angles, mass splitting and ordering, and the CP violating phase. Aspects of the appearance channel ($\nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_e$) analysis and results for NOvA’s first study combining neutrino and antineutrino data will be discussed.
### Primary author
Mr Bruce Howard (Indiana University)
Slides
| 2020-07-02T16:56:52 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10154256-vibronic-coherence-evolution-multidimensional-ultrafast-photochemical-processes
|
Vibronic coherence evolution in multidimensional ultrafast photochemical processes
Abstract
The complex choreography of electronic, vibrational, and vibronic couplings used by photoexcited molecules to transfer energy efficiently is remarkable, but an unambiguous description of the temporally evolving vibronic states governing these processes has proven experimentally elusive. We use multidimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to identify specific time-dependent excited state vibronic couplings involving multiple electronic states, high-frequency vibrations, and low-frequency vibrations which participate in ultrafast intersystem crossing and subsequent relaxation of a photoexcited transition metal complex. We discover an excited state vibronic mechanism driving long-lived charge separation consisting of an initial electronically-localized vibrational wavepacket which triggers delocalization onto two charge transfer states after propagating for ~600 femtoseconds. Electronic delocalization consequently occurs through nonadiabatic internal conversion driven by a 50 cm−1coupling resulting in vibronic coherence transfer lasting for ~1 picosecond. This study showcases the power of multidimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to elucidate complex, non-equilibrium energy and charge transfer mechanisms involving multiple molecular coordinates.
Authors:
; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10154256
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Volume:
10
Issue:
1
ISSN:
2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Ion irradiation is a versatile tool to introduce controlled defects into two-dimensional (2D) MoS2on account of its unique spatial resolution and plethora of ion types and energies available. In order to fully realise the potential of this technique, a holistic understanding of ion-induced defect production in 2D MoS2crystals of different thicknesses is mandatory. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy show that thinner MoS2crystals are more susceptible to radiation damage caused by 225 keV Xe+ions. However, the rate of defect production in quadrilayer and bulk crystals is not significantly different under our experimental conditions. The rate at which S atoms are sputtered as a function of radiation exposure is considerably higher for monolayer MoS2, compared to bulk crystals, leading to MoO3formation. P-doping of MoS2is observed and attributed to the acceptor states introduced by vacancies and charge transfer interactions with adsorbed species. Moreover, the out-of-plane vibrational properties of irradiated MoS2crystals are shown to be strongly thickness-dependent: in mono- and bilayer MoS2, the confinement of phonons by defects results in a blueshift of the$A1g$mode. Whereas, a redshift is observed in bulk crystals due to attenuation of the effective restoring forces acting on S atoms caused by vacanciesmore »
| 2023-01-30T04:54:31 |
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|
https://governor.guam.gov/press_release/u-s-doe-approve-arra-extension-conditions/
|
Select Page
Calvo warns DOE to make this right for students
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
September 14, 2012
U.S. DOE will approve the Governor’s request for extension of the obligation timeline of Guam DOE ARRA funds, with conditions. This is the second time the Governor has had to make the extension request on behalf of Guam DOE because of its inability to obligate the federal money.
“This is the last time I’m making this request for them, so they need to hurry up and spend this money, “ Governor Calvo said. “What’s more important than meeting what will be this new deadline is actually repairing the public schools. If they lose these federal funds, it will be another hit against technology for students and teachers, teacher salaries, and classroom supplies.”
U.S. DOE will approve the extension with conditions:
1. That Guam will obligate the funds by September 30, 2013;
2. By October 15, 2012, Guam will provide U.S. DOE with the amount of funds obligated by project as of September 30, 2012;
3. On the 15th of each succeeding month, Guam will provide U.S. DOE with a report on the progress in obligating funds and completing the relevant projects;
4. Guam will not oppose any steps by U.S. DOE to recover Trust Account funds not obligated by September 30, 2013; and
5. Guam will not oppose any steps by U.S. DOE to rescind approval of the extension to recover funds if Guam fails to provide the required reports by the dates noted, or does not make adequate progress in completing the capital improvement and technology projects.
“I am calling on Guam DOE to provide all the information and make every single deadline U.S. DOE is requiring of them,” Governor Calvo said. “They cannot mess this up again. I will be communicating with the Superintendent on the processes necessary for us to meet all these conditions. I am demanding transparency from Guam DOE, and regular updates to the public about the progress on all the pending projects. There should be no delays considering that public school facilities are not up to standard for our children.”
The Governor is hopeful that new Superintendent Jon Fernandez will provide the necessary leadership to meet U.S. DOE’s conditions and, more importantly, to get the school repair projects done immediately.
Budget rider makes no sense
“The Governor has had to come to Guam DOE’s rescue twice already because of their inability to spend free money from the federal government,” Governor’s Chief Education Advisor Vince Leon Guerrero said. “It is beyond reason why the chairwoman on education in the legislature would even think that removing DOE from federal grant clearinghouse review is appropriate considering how often these mistakes are made.”
Leon Guerrero is referring to a rider in the recently-passed budget law that removes Guam DOE from federal funds review by the Guam State Clearinghouse. The rider originally was a bill by the speaker, which did not receive a public hearing and which the Governor and Lieutenant Governor opposed. This was done despite that for a third year, Guam DOE will have to pay millions to a third-party fiduciary agent put in place because U.S. DOE does not trust Guam DOE with federal education funds.
“This is just another example of bad legislation being enacted under the cover of darkness that has wide-ranging implications for children and families,” Leon Guerrero said. “This is why we need full transparency from Guam DOE about these funds, and we’re confident Superintendent Fernandez will agree.”
| 2021-10-24T21:16:47 |
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|
http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.16
|
# §18.16 Zeros
See §18.2(vi).
## §18.16(ii) Jacobi
Let , , denote the zeros of with
18.16.1
Then is strictly increasing in and strictly decreasing in ; furthermore, if , then is strictly increasing in .
### ¶ Inequalities
Let be the th positive zero of the Bessel function 10.21(i)). Then
### ¶ Asymptotic Behavior
Let . Then as , with () and () fixed,
uniformly for , where is an arbitrary constant such that .
### ¶ Other Bounds
See Dimitrov and Nikolov (2010).
## §18.16(iii) Ultraspherical and Legendre
For ultraspherical and Legendre polynomials, set and , respectively, in the results given in §18.16(ii).
## §18.16(iv) Laguerre
The zeros of are denoted by , , with
18.16.9
Also, is again defined by (18.15.17).
### ¶ Inequalities
For , and with as in §18.16(ii),
18.16.11
The constant in (18.16.10) is the best possible since the ratio of the two sides of this inequality tends to 1 as .
For the smallest and largest zeros we have
18.16.12
18.16.13
### ¶ Asymptotic Behavior
As , with and fixed,
where is the th negative zero of 9.9(i)). For three additional terms in this expansion see Gatteschi (2002). Also,
when .
## §18.16(v) Hermite
All zeros of lie in the open interval . In view of the reflection formula, given in Table 18.6.1, we may consider just the positive zeros , . Arrange them in decreasing order:
Then
where is the th negative zero of 9.9(i)), , and as with fixed
For an asymptotic expansion of as that applies uniformly for , see Olver (1959, §14(i)). In the notation of this reference , , and . For an error bound for the first approximation yielded by this expansion see Olver (1997b, p. 408).
Lastly, in view of (18.7.19) and (18.7.20), results for the zeros of lead immediately to results for the zeros of .
| 2013-05-20T04:06:25 |
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|
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/Book%3A_College_Physics_(OpenStax)/15%3A_Thermodynamics/15.01%3A_Prelude_to_Thermodynamics
|
$$\require{cancel}$$
15.1: Prelude to Thermodynamics
Heat transfer is energy in transit, and it can be used to do work. It can also be converted to any other form of energy. A car engine, for example, burns fuel for heat transfer into a gas. Work is done by the gas as it exerts a force through a distance, converting its energy into a variety of other forms—into the car’s kinetic or gravitational potential energy; into electrical energy to run the spark plugs, radio, and lights; and back into stored energy in the car’s battery. But most of the heat transfer produced from burning fuel in the engine does not do work on the gas. Rather, the energy is released into the environment, implying that the engine is quite inefficient.
Figure $$\PageIndex{1}$$. A steam engine uses heat transfer to do work. Tourists regularly ride this narrow-gauge steam engine train near the San Juan Skyway in Durango, Colorado, part of the National Scenic Byways Program. (credit: Dennis Adams)
It is often said that modern gasoline engines cannot be made to be significantly more efficient. We hear the same about heat transfer to electrical energy in large power stations, whether they are coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear powered. Why is that the case? Is the inefficiency caused by design problems that could be solved with better engineering and superior materials? Is it part of some money-making conspiracy by those who sell energy? Actually, the truth is more interesting, and reveals much about the nature of heat transfer.
Basic physical laws govern how heat transfer for doing work takes place and place insurmountable limits onto its efficiency. This chapter will explore these laws as well as many applications and concepts associated with them. These topics are part of thermodynamics—the study of heat transfer and its relationship to doing work.
Contributors
Paul Peter Urone (Professor Emeritus at California State University, Sacramento) and Roger Hinrichs (State University of New York, College at Oswego) with Contributing Authors: Kim Dirks (University of Auckland) and Manjula Sharma (University of Sydney). This work is licensed by OpenStax University Physics under a Creative Commons Attribution License (by 4.0).
| 2020-01-29T04:54:59 |
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|
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10225216
|
X-ray evolution of the nova V959 Mon suggests a delayed ejection and a non-radiative shock
ABSTRACT X-ray observations of shocked gas in novae can provide a useful probe of the dynamics of the ejecta. Here we report on X-ray observations of the nova V959 Mon, which was also detected in GeV gamma-rays with the Fermi satellite. We find that the X-ray spectra are consistent with a two-temperature plasma model with non-solar abundances. We interpret the X-rays as due to shock interaction between the slow equatorial torus and the fast polar outflow that were inferred from radio observations of V959 Mon. We further propose that the hotter component, responsible for most of the flux, is from the reverse shock driven into the fast outflow. We find a systematic drop in the column density of the absorber between days 60 and 140, consistent with the expectations for such a picture. We present intriguing evidence for a delay of around 40 d in the expulsion of the ejecta from the central binary. Moreover, we infer a relatively small (a few times 10−6 M⊙) ejecta mass ahead of the shock, considerably lower than the mass of 104 K gas inferred from radio observations. Finally, we infer that the dominant X-ray shock was likely not radiative at the time of our observations, and more »
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10225216
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume:
500
Issue:
3
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
2798 to 2812
ISSN:
0035-8711
5. ABSTRACT We present X-ray and radio observations of what may be the closest Type Iax supernova (SN) to date, SN 2014dt (d = 12.3–19.3 Mpc), and provide tight constraints on the radio and X-ray emission. We infer a specific radio luminosity $L_R\lt (1.0\!-\!2.4)\times 10^{25}\, \rm {erg\, s^{-1}\, Hz^{-1}}$ at a frequency of 7.5 GHz and a X-ray luminosity $L_X\lt 1.4\times 10^{38}\, \rm {erg\, s^{-1}}$ (0.3–10 keV) at ∼38–48 d post-explosion. We interpret these limits in the context of Inverse Compton (IC) emission and synchrotron emission from a population of electrons accelerated at the forward shock of the explosion in a power-law distribution $N_e(\gamma _e)\propto \gamma _e^{-p}$ with p = 3. Our analysis constrains the progenitor system mass-loss rate to be $\dot{M}\lt 5.0 \times 10^{-6} \rm {M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}}$ at distances $r\lesssim 10^{16}\, \rm {cm}$ for an assumed wind velocity $v_w=100\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}}$, and a fraction of post-shock energy into magnetic fields and relativistic electrons of ϵB = 0.01 and ϵe = 0.1, respectively. This result rules out some of the parameter space of symbiotic giant star companions, and it is consistent with the low mass-loss rates expected from He-star companions. Our calculations also show that the improved sensitivity of the next-generation Very Largemore »
| 2023-03-26T17:51:44 |
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|
http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/showversion/cs/R-12.1?code=se:53_6&pointInTime=20201022
|
### R-12.1 - Act respecting the Pension Plan of Management Personnel
53.6. For the purposes of section 50.3, the annualization of salaries for the years of service subsequent to 2009 are obtained,
(1) when computing the average pensionable salary referred to in subparagraph 1 of the first paragraph of section 50.3, by dividing the aggregate of the adjusted pensionable salary for such a year and the lump sum attributed to that year under section 53.20 by the harmonized service for the year; and
(2) when computing the average pensionable salary referred to in subparagraph 2 of the first paragraph of section 50.2, by dividing the aggregate of the adjusted pensionable salary for such a year and the lump sum attributed to that year under section 53.20 by the harmonized service for the year. The limit imposed by the first paragraph of section 30 applies to the result obtained for each year.
2008, c. 25, s. 87; 2009, c. 56, s. 19.
| 2020-11-27T06:46:42 |
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|
https://atlaswww.hep.anl.gov/hepsim/doc/doku.php?id=hepsim:dev_truth
|
# Creating EVGEN
HepSim is optimized to keep truth-level in the “archive” formats called ProMC or ProIO. It allows to keep data in a compact form optimized for data streaming over the network, together with logfiles which will help to identify the MC settings.
# Using Pythia8
Basic examples how to make ProMC and ProIO files from Pythia8 are given in HepSim-Org. See “pythia8promc” and “pythia8proio” repository.
# Singularity containers
Generally, you do not need to install Pythia8 to create ProMC files. You can run Pythia8 using the HepSim singularity container. This topic is described in HepSim singularity container section. Below we give the description how to use Pythia8 if you do not want to use HepSim docker container.
ProMC files can be created directly by Pythia8. Look at the example “examples/main46.cc” inside the Pythi8 distribution. To compile it, please install ProMC package first, before running configuration script of Pythia8. If the environmental variable “PROMC” was set, then you can compile “main46.cc” example.
# Using converters
You can convert files in the format “HEPMC”, “LHE”, “STDHEP” to ProMC as shown in the “example” directory of the installed ProMC package (look at the directory \$PROMC/examples). The converters are:
• hepmc2promc
• lhe2promc
• stdhep2promc
• txt2promc
Look at the ProMC manuals for more examples.
One useful example showing how to read a text file with Monte Carlo events and fill correct ProMC file is given by the example “txt2promc”. Simply run the script “README”.
To run MG5 with ProMC, please install ProMC package first. Then download MG5 package with preconfigured ProMC converter from package_mg14tev.tgz.
wget https://atlaswww.hep.anl.gov/hepsim/soft/package_mg14tev.tgz
tar -zvxf package_mg14tev.tgz
Now check that ProMC is correctly installed. You should be able to compile “stdhep2promc” converter.
cd package/stdhep2promc
make
If successful, then you should see the binary file “stdhep2promc”.
Now let compile and run “MG5”. Go to the directory “MG5_aMC_v2_3_2_2”. This directory has the standard MG5 package, a few useful bash scripts, and a few preconfigured jobs for 14 TeV pp collision. We assume 64bit Scientific Linux 6.5 computer. Setup gcc47. In the case of ATLAS setup, use:
source setup_gcc47.sh
To create multiple number of files in the ProMC format for “ttbar+jet”, run this script:
./A_RUN_ttbar_jet
It does the following: It runs the script “RUN_ttbar_jet_14tev” which creates promc files inside “out” directory. It also reset the seed for each jobs, and runs the promc converter. The number of output files are given inside the script A_RUN_ttbar_jet. You should reduce this number if you want to stop earlier.
All MG5 settings for this particular run are in the directory “run_ttbar_jet_14tev”. This is the standard MG5 directory. For example, the MG5 settings are given for this script are given in the directory “run_ttbar_jet_14tev/Cards”
To check the output ProMC file, look at the browser:
wget http://atlaswww.hep.anl.gov/asc/promc/download/browser_promc.jar # get GUI browser
java -jar browser_promc.jar out/file.promc
where “file” is the name of the file being created. Typically, it takes 3h to create one file with 10,000 events.
You can host these files on your data storage, or send an email to “[email protected]” to relocated them to the OSG-grid file storage.
# Single-particle gun
ProMC files with single particles can be created using the ProMC. Download the recent ProMC package and look at the directory:
wget http://atlaswww.hep.anl.gov/asc/promc/download/current.php -O ProMC.tgz
tar -zvxf ProMC.tgz
cd examples/particle_gun
source setup.sh
javac promc_gun.java
java promc_gun pions.promc 100 211 1000 # E=0-100 GeV, PID=211, events=1000
This creates file “pions.promc” with 2 particles per event, with the maximum energy of 100 GeV (randomly distributed from 0 to 100). The particles are pions (pi+, pid=211). The total number of events 1000. The phi and theta distributions are flat After file creation, look at the events using the file browser. You can also modify the java code to change the single-particle events.
# Pileups mixing
One can mix events from a signal ProMC file with inelastic (minbias) events using a “pileup” mixing program. The next example assumes that either the hs-tools package or Jas4pp is installed.
hs-pileup pN signal.promc minbias.promc output.promc
Here “p” indicates that N events from minbias.promc will be mixed with every event from signal.promc using a Poisson distribution. If “p” is missing, then exactly N events from minbias.promc will be mixed with single event from signal.promc. Use large number of events in minbias.promc to minimise reuse of the same events from the minbias.promc. The barcode of particles inside output.promc indicates the event origin.
Here is an example to create events with pileup for the paper http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.08042 Phys. Rev. D 91, 114018 (2015): We mix h→ HH signal file with MinBias Pythia8 (A2 tune) sample using <mu>=200 (Poisson mean):
wget http://atlaswww.hep.anl.gov/asc/hepsim/soft/hs-toolkit.tgz -O - | tar -xz;
source hs-toolkit/setup.sh
wget http://mc.hep.anl.gov/asc/hepsim/events/pp/100tev/minbias_a2_pythia8_l3/tev100_pythia8_MinBias_l3__A2_001.promc
wget http://mc.hep.anl.gov/asc/hepsim/events/pp/100tev/s0higgshiggs_alltau/tev100_s0higgshiggs_alltau_0001.promc
hs-pileup p200 tev100_s0higgshiggs_alltau_0001.promc tev100_pythia8_MinBias_l3__A2_001.promc output.promc
Look at the “output.promc” with the browser to see how events are filled. Now you can use DELPHES to create fast simulation files using events with pileup.
Note: pileup mixer is implemented in Java, therefore it uses 64bit zip. For C++ programs, please use ProMCBook(“file.promc”, “r”, true) to open ProMC files (notice “true” as a new argument). For example, for the Delphes program, change the line
inputFile = new ProMCBook(argv[i], "r"); # 32bit zip
inputFile = new ProMCBook(argv[i], "r", true); # 64bit zip
| 2021-10-18T04:50:59 |
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