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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111313/six-critical-rules-successful-retirement-investing.asp
Tips for Successful Retirement Investing
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> When planning for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement-planning.asp">retirement</a>, one usually identifies financial goals and then decides on the best ways to save and invest to achieve them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> A lot of retirement investing advice involves very specific formulas and strategies. Sometimes, though, it's helpful for your investment decision-making to take a step back and look at the big picture. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Here are six basic tips to make your retirement investing a little easier and potentially more effective at getting you where you hope to be when you retire. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Understand your options when it comes to retirement savings accounts and investments.</li><li>Start saving for retirement early so your money has more time to grow.</li><li>Calculate your net worth on a regular basis to see if you're on track for retirement.</li><li>Pay attention to investment fees since they can significantly erode your retirement funds.</li><li>Work with a financial professional if you need help or advice.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1-understand-your-retirement-account-options"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1. Understand Your Retirement Account Options </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> You can save for retirement in various tax-advantaged and taxable accounts. Some are offered by your employer while others are available through a brokerage firm or bank. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Keep in mind that accounts—including <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k) plans</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp">individual retirement accounts (IRAs)</a>, and brokerage accounts—are not investments themselves. Once you open one or more accounts, you'll buy the investments that each holds on your behalf. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Tax-Advantaged Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Accounts can be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp">tax-advantaged</a> in different ways. 401(k)s and IRAs are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxdeferred.asp">tax-deferred</a> accounts. That means you don't have to pay taxes on your contributions or the earnings that accrue from the investments within them each year. Income tax is due only on the money you withdraw during retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> In addition, traditional IRAs and traditional 401(k)s are funded with pretax dollars—meaning, you get a tax deduction for your contributions in the year that you make them. In contrast, Roth 401(k)s and Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars. You can't deduct the amount of your contributions. However, you pay no taxes on any<em> </em>withdrawals you make in retirement from these accounts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Taxable Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> Taxable accounts don't offer any sort of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-break.asp">tax break</a>. They are funded with after-tax dollars. So, when you make a deposit, you don't get a deduction. Moreover, you pay taxes on any investment income or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/101515/comparing-longterm-vs-shortterm-capital-gain-tax-rates.asp">capital gains</a> (from selling an investment at a profit) the year you receive it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Most brokerage and bank accounts are taxable accounts. However, you can maintain a tax-deferred account such as an IRA at a brokerage or bank. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Types of Retirement Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <strong>Defined-Benefit Plans</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> These retirement plans, also known as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pensionplan.asp">pensions</a>, are funded by employers. They guarantee a specific retirement benefit based on your salary history and duration of employment.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> They are increasingly uncommon today outside of the public sector. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <strong>401(k)s and Company Plans</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> These are employer-sponsored <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/definedcontributionplan.asp">defined contribution plans</a> that are funded by employees. They provide automatic savings, tax incentives, and, in some cases, matching contributions. For 2023, you can contribute up to $22,500, or $30,000 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $7,500 catch-up contribution allowed). For 2024, you can contribute up to $23,000, or $30,500 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $7,500 catch-up contribution allowed for that year).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <strong>Traditional IRAs</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> An IRA is a retirement account that allows for tax-deferred investing for retirement. You can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/ira-contribution-limits/">deduct your traditional IRA contributions</a> if you meet certain requirements. Withdrawals in retirement are taxed at your individual income tax rate. For 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500, or $7,500 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $1,000 catch-up contribution allowed). For 2024, you can contribute up to $7,000, or $8,000 if you're age 50 or older (due to the same $1,000 catch-up contribution).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <strong>Roth IRAs</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible, but <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qualifieddistribution.asp">qualified distributions</a> are tax free.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> Unlike most retirement accounts, Roth IRAs have no <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/requiredminimumdistribution.asp">required minimum distributions (RMDs)</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> For 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500 annually, or $7,500 if you're age 50 or older. These maximum amounts increase to $7,000 and $8,000 respectively for tax year 2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <strong>SEP IRAs</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> These IRAs are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/102714/how-does-simplified-employee-pension-sep-ira-work.asp">established by employers</a> and the self-employed. Employers make tax-deductible contributions on behalf of eligible employees. The annual contribution an employer makes to an employee's SEP IRA can't exceed the lesser of 25% of an employee's compensation or $66,000 for 2023 ($69,000 for 2024).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> <strong>SIMPLE IRAs</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> These retirement plans can be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/simple-ira.asp">used by most small businesses</a> with 100 or fewer employees. Employees can contribute up to $15,500 for 2023 and $16,000 for 2024. The additional catch-up contribution (if you're age 50 or older) is $3,500 for 2023 and $3,500 for 2024. Employers can choose to make a 2% contribution to all employees or an optional matching contribution of up to 3%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Types of Investments </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <strong>Annuities </strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/annuity.asp">Annuities</a> are insurance products that provide a source of monthly, quarterly, annual, or lump-sum income during retirement. Some annuities are tax-deferred investments themselves, so investors may be better off buying them within taxable accounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> <strong>Mutual Funds</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> Mutual funds are professionally managed pools of stocks, bonds, and other instruments that are divided into shares and sold to investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <strong>Stocks</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Stocks, or equities as they're also called, are securities that represent ownership in the corporation that issued the stock. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <strong>Bonds</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0312/the-basics-of-bonds.aspx">Bonds</a> are securities that represent money loaned to an issuer (such as a government or corporation) in exchange for interest payments and the future repayment of the bond’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/facevalue.asp">face value</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> <strong>Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/pros-and-cons-of-u.s.-exchange-traded-funds.aspx">ETFs are investment funds</a> that trade like stocks on regulated exchanges. They track broad-based or sector indexes, commodities, and baskets of assets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> <strong>Cash Investments </strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> You can put cash in low-risk, short-term obligations that provide returns in the form of interest payments. Examples include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp">certificates of deposit (CDs)</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/complete-guide-money-market-deposit-accounts/">money market deposit accounts</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <strong>Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRIPs) </strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/what-is-a-drip/">DRIPs</a> allow you to reinvest cash dividends by buying additional shares or fractional shares on the dividend payment date. DRIPs are an effective way to build wealth with the help of compound interest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>IRAs, or Individual Retirement Arrangements, are more commonly known as individual retirement accounts. They were established by the<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/erisa.asp"> Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)</a> in 1974 to provide individuals who didn't have a workplace retirement plan with a tax-advantaged savings plan for retirement. A second purpose was to provide an account into which an employee's plan assets could be rolled when they changed jobs or retired.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-2-start-saving-and-investing-early"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 2. Start Saving and Investing Early </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> No matter what types of accounts and investments you choose, one piece of advice stays the same: start early. There are lots of reasons why it makes sense to start saving and investing early: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> <li>You'll have years to take advantage of the power of <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compounding.asp">compounding</a>—reinvesting your earnings continuously to build your account value. </li> <li>You'll make saving and investing a lifelong habit, which improves your odds of a comfortable retirement.</li> <li>You'll have more time to recover from losses, so you can try higher-risk/higher-reward investments.</li> <li>Barring a major loss, you'll have more years to save, which means more money by the time you retire. </li> <li>You'll gain more experience and develop expertise in a wider variety of investment options.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Compounding </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> Remember that compounding is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compoundinterest.asp">most successful over longer periods of time</a>. Assume you make a single $10,000 investment when you're 20 years old and it grows at 5% each year until you retire at age 65. If you reinvest—or compound—your gains, your investment would be worth almost $90,000. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> Now imagine you didn’t invest the $10,000 until you were 40. With only 25 years to compound, your investment would be worth only about $34,000. Wait until you’re 50 to start, and your investment would grow to less than $21,000. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> This is, of course, an oversimplified example that assumes a constant 5% rate without taking taxes or inflation into consideration.<strong> </strong>Still, it's easy to see that the longer your money has to work for you, the better the outcome. Starting early is one of the easiest ways to ensure a comfortable retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/pdxWU/2/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Start Investing Early"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-3-calculate-your-net-worth"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 3. Calculate Your Net Worth </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"> You make money, you spend money. For some people, that's about as deep as the money conversation gets. Instead of guessing how much money you have and where it goes, you can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/13/importance-of-knowing-your-net-worth.asp">calculate your net worth</a>, which is the difference between what you own (your assets) and what you owe (your liabilities).  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"> Assets typically include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> <li>Cash and cash equivalents—things like savings accounts, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/020515/are-treasury-bills-good-investment-retirement-savings.asp">Treasury bills</a>, and CDs</li> <li>Securities—for example, stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs</li> <li>Real property—your home and any rental properties or a second home</li> <li>Personal property—boats, collectibles, jewelry, vehicles, and household furnishings</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp">Liabilities</a>, on the other hand, include debts such as: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"> <li>Mortgages</li><li>Car loans</li><li>Credit card outstanding balances</li><li>Medical bills</li><li>Student loans</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"> To calculate your net worth, subtract the value of your liabilities from the value of your assets. This number can give you a good idea of where you stand (right now) for retirement. Of course, net worth is most useful when you track it over time—say, once a year. That way, you'll know if you're heading in the right direction toward a well-funded retirement, or if you need to make some changes. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Add Net Worth to Your Retirement Goals </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"> It’s been said that you can’t reach a goal you never set, and this holds true for retirement planning. If you don't establish specific goals, it’s hard to find the incentive to save, invest, and put in the time and effort to ensure that you're making the best decisions. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100516/setting-financial-goals/">Specific and written goals </a>can provide the motivation you need. Here are some examples of written retirement goals. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_110-0"> <li>I want to retire when I’m 65.</li><li>I want to travel internationally for 12 weeks each year.</li><li>I want a $1 million nest egg to fund the retirement I envision.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"> Regular net worth check-ups are an effective way to track your progress as you work toward these goals. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-4-keep-your-emotions-in-check"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 4. Keep Your Emotions in Check </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_115-0"> Investments can be influenced by your emotions far more easily than you might realize. Here’s the typical pattern of emotional investment behavior. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_116-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_117-0"> When investments perform well: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_118-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_119-0"> <li>Overconfidence takes over.</li> <li>You <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-analysis.asp">underestimate risk</a>.</li> <li>You make bad decisions and lose money.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_120-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_121-0"> When investments perform badly: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_122-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_123-0"> <li>Fear takes over.</li><li>You sell investments at a loss and put all your money into low-risk cash and bonds.</li><li>You can't benefit from a market recovery and don’t make any money.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_124-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_125-0"> Emotional investing makes it difficult to build wealth over time. Potential gains are sabotaged by overconfidence, and fear makes you sell (or not buy) investments that could turn around and continue growing. As such, it is important to: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_126-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_127-0"> <li><strong>Be realistic</strong>: Not every investment will be a winner and not every stock will grow as your grandparents’ <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bluechipstock.asp">blue-chip stocks</a> did.</li> <li><strong>Keep emotions in check</strong>: Be mindful of your wins and losses, both realized and unrealized. Rather than reacting, take the time to evaluate your choices and learn from your mistakes and successes. You’ll make better decisions in the future.</li> <li><strong>Maintain a balanced portfolio</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091615/how-diversify-1-million-portfolio.asp">Diversify</a> in a way that makes sense for your age, risk tolerance, and goals. Rebalance your portfolio periodically as your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionaleducation/09/risk-tolerance-personality-typing.asp">risk tolerance and goals change</a>. Most younger investors have decades to recover from any market declines. That means they can focus on higher-risk/higher-reward investments like individual stocks. Those at or near retirement, however, have less time to recover from any losses. As a result, older adults typically shift their portfolios toward a higher proportion of lower-risk/lower-reward investments, such as bonds.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_128-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-5-pay-attention-to-investment-fees"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_129-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 5. Pay Attention to Investment Fees </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_130-0"> While you're likely to focus on returns and taxes, your gains can be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/11/investors-fees-cheat-sheet.asp">drastically eroded by fees</a>. Investment fees include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_131-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_132-0"> <li>Transaction fees</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expenseratio.asp">Expense ratios</a></li> <li>Administrative fees</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/load.asp">Loads</a></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_133-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_134-0"> Depending on the types of accounts you have and the investments you select, these fees can really add up. The first step is to figure out what you’re spending on fees. Your brokerage statement should indicate how much you’re paying to execute a stock trade, for example, and your fund’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prospectus.asp">prospectus</a> or website (or research sites such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/morningstarinc.asp">Morningstar</a>) will show expense ratio information. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_135-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_136-0"> If you're paying too much, you can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/092815/how-optimize-your-portfolio-and-reduce-fees.asp">shop for investments</a> such as a comparable lower-fee mutual fund or switch to a broker that offers reduced transaction costs. Many brokers, for example, offer commission-free ETF and mutual fund trading for select groups of funds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_137-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_138-0"> To illustrate the difference that a small change in expense ratio can make over the course of an investment, consider the following (hypothetical) table: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_139-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_140-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/EOpdJ/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_2-0" title="How Small Differences in an Expense Ratio Can Be Costly"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_141-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_142-0"> As the table shows, if you invest $10,000 in a fund with a 2.5% expense ratio, your investment would be worth $42,479 after 20 years, assuming a 10% <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/annual-return.asp">annualized return</a>. At the other end of the spectrum, your investment would be worth $61,416 if the fund had a lower, 0.5% expense ratio—an increase of almost $19,000 over the 2.5% fund’s return. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_143-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-6-get-help-when-you-need-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_144-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 6. Get Help When You Need It </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_145-0"> “I don't know anything about investing” is a common excuse for postponing retirement planning. Like <em>ignorantia juris non excusat</em> (loosely translated as ignorance of the law is no excuse), a lack of investing prowess is not a convincing excuse for failing to save and invest for retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_146-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_147-0"> There are plenty of ways to get a basic, intermediate, or even an advanced <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing-essentials-4689754">education in investing</a> and retirement planning that fits every budget. Even a little time spent learning goes a long way, whether through your own research or with the help of a qualified financial professional. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_148-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_149-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-where-can-i-open-an-ira"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Where Can I Open an IRA?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>There are various options. You can open an IRA at a bank, a brokerage firm, with a mutual fund company, and even with a life insurance company.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_150-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_151-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-should-i-save-and-invest-if-im-in-the-middle-of-my-career"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Should I Save and Invest if I'm in the Middle of My Career?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You've taken a great, first step by simply asking. That shows an awareness of the importance of getting started, no matter where you are in your working years. Generally speaking, you should immediately take part in a retirement plan at work if one is available. If none is, look into opening an IRA at a local bank or brokerage. Earmark a portion of every paycheck for your saving and investing. If you need specific help, check with the financial institution where you open your IRA about support they may offer.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_152-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_153-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-open-both-a-retirement-plan-at-work-and-an-ira"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Open Both a Retirement Plan at Work and an IRA?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, you can. The tax deduction you're able to take on contributions to your IRA may be limited (or even eliminated) due to certain things such as the amount of income you make. However, what matters most is that you can contribute the maximum amounts allowed by the IRS to both accounts. In turn, all that money can grow tax deferred for, potentially, many years. That can help boost your retirement savings so, go for it.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_154-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_155-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_156-0"> You can improve your chances of enjoying a comfortable future if you learn about your investment choices, seek investments that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/etf-designed-retirees/">create income inflows</a>, start planning early, keep your emotions in check, and find help when you need it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_157-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_158-0"> Of course, there are many issues to consider when <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081715/yes-you-can-manage-your-own-retirement.asp">you plan for retirement</a>. How much you need to save depends on numerous factors, including: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_159-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_160-0"> <li>When you want to retire, the number of years you have to save, and the number of years you'll spend in retirement</li> <li>Where you want to live—the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-living.asp">cost of living</a> varies greatly among cities, states, and countries</li> <li>What you want to do in retirement—traveling is more expensive than, say, catching up on decades of reading</li> <li>Your lifestyle now and the lifestyle you envision later</li> <li>Your healthcare needs</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_161-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_162-0"> Investing rule of thumb guidelines—such as “you need 20 times your gross annual income to retire” or “save and invest 10% of your pretax income”—may help you fine-tune your retirement strategy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_163-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_164-0"> Still, by understanding your retirement investing big picture, you can move forward with greater confidence toward a more secure financial future. </p></div>
When planning for [retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement-planning.asp), one usually identifies financial goals and then decides on the best ways to save and invest to achieve them. A lot of retirement investing advice involves very specific formulas and strategies. Sometimes, though, it's helpful for your investment decision-making to take a step back and look at the big picture. Here are six basic tips to make your retirement investing a little easier and potentially more effective at getting you where you hope to be when you retire. ### Key Takeaways * Understand your options when it comes to retirement savings accounts and investments. * Start saving for retirement early so your money has more time to grow. * Calculate your net worth on a regular basis to see if you're on track for retirement. * Pay attention to investment fees since they can significantly erode your retirement funds. * Work with a financial professional if you need help or advice. ## 1. Understand Your Retirement Account Options You can save for retirement in various tax-advantaged and taxable accounts. Some are offered by your employer while others are available through a brokerage firm or bank. Keep in mind that accounts—including [401(k) plans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp), [individual retirement accounts (IRAs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp), and brokerage accounts—are not investments themselves. Once you open one or more accounts, you'll buy the investments that each holds on your behalf. ### Tax-Advantaged Accounts Accounts can be [tax-advantaged](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp) in different ways. 401(k)s and IRAs are [tax-deferred](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxdeferred.asp) accounts. That means you don't have to pay taxes on your contributions or the earnings that accrue from the investments within them each year. Income tax is due only on the money you withdraw during retirement. In addition, traditional IRAs and traditional 401(k)s are funded with pretax dollars—meaning, you get a tax deduction for your contributions in the year that you make them. In contrast, Roth 401(k)s and Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars. You can't deduct the amount of your contributions. However, you pay no taxes on anywithdrawals you make in retirement from these accounts. ### Taxable Accounts Taxable accounts don't offer any sort of [tax break](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-break.asp). They are funded with after-tax dollars. So, when you make a deposit, you don't get a deduction. Moreover, you pay taxes on any investment income or [capital gains](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/101515/comparing-longterm-vs-shortterm-capital-gain-tax-rates.asp) (from selling an investment at a profit) the year you receive it. Most brokerage and bank accounts are taxable accounts. However, you can maintain a tax-deferred account such as an IRA at a brokerage or bank. ### Types of Retirement Accounts **Defined-Benefit Plans** These retirement plans, also known as [pensions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pensionplan.asp), are funded by employers. They guarantee a specific retirement benefit based on your salary history and duration of employment. They are increasingly uncommon today outside of the public sector. **401(k)s and Company Plans** These are employer-sponsored [defined contribution plans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/definedcontributionplan.asp) that are funded by employees. They provide automatic savings, tax incentives, and, in some cases, matching contributions. For 2023, you can contribute up to $22,500, or $30,000 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $7,500 catch-up contribution allowed). For 2024, you can contribute up to $23,000, or $30,500 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $7,500 catch-up contribution allowed for that year). **Traditional IRAs** An IRA is a retirement account that allows for tax-deferred investing for retirement. You can [deduct your traditional IRA contributions](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/ira-contribution-limits/) if you meet certain requirements. Withdrawals in retirement are taxed at your individual income tax rate. For 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500, or $7,500 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $1,000 catch-up contribution allowed). For 2024, you can contribute up to $7,000, or $8,000 if you're age 50 or older (due to the same $1,000 catch-up contribution). **Roth IRAs** Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible, but [qualified distributions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qualifieddistribution.asp) are tax free. Unlike most retirement accounts, Roth IRAs have no [required minimum distributions (RMDs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/requiredminimumdistribution.asp). For 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500 annually, or $7,500 if you're age 50 or older. These maximum amounts increase to $7,000 and $8,000 respectively for tax year 2024. **SEP IRAs** These IRAs are [established by employers](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/102714/how-does-simplified-employee-pension-sep-ira-work.asp) and the self-employed. Employers make tax-deductible contributions on behalf of eligible employees. The annual contribution an employer makes to an employee's SEP IRA can't exceed the lesser of 25% of an employee's compensation or $66,000 for 2023 ($69,000 for 2024). **SIMPLE IRAs** These retirement plans can be [used by most small businesses](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/simple-ira.asp) with 100 or fewer employees. Employees can contribute up to $15,500 for 2023 and $16,000 for 2024. The additional catch-up contribution (if you're age 50 or older) is $3,500 for 2023 and $3,500 for 2024. Employers can choose to make a 2% contribution to all employees or an optional matching contribution of up to 3%. ### Types of Investments **Annuities** [Annuities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/annuity.asp) are insurance products that provide a source of monthly, quarterly, annual, or lump-sum income during retirement. Some annuities are tax-deferred investments themselves, so investors may be better off buying them within taxable accounts. **Mutual Funds** Mutual funds are professionally managed pools of stocks, bonds, and other instruments that are divided into shares and sold to investors. **Stocks** Stocks, or equities as they're also called, are securities that represent ownership in the corporation that issued the stock. **Bonds** [Bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0312/the-basics-of-bonds.aspx) are securities that represent money loaned to an issuer (such as a government or corporation) in exchange for interest payments and the future repayment of the bond’s [face value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/facevalue.asp). **Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)** [ETFs are investment funds](https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/pros-and-cons-of-u.s.-exchange-traded-funds.aspx) that trade like stocks on regulated exchanges. They track broad-based or sector indexes, commodities, and baskets of assets. **Cash Investments** You can put cash in low-risk, short-term obligations that provide returns in the form of interest payments. Examples include [certificates of deposit (CDs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp) and [money market deposit accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/complete-guide-money-market-deposit-accounts/). **Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRIPs)** [DRIPs](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/what-is-a-drip/) allow you to reinvest cash dividends by buying additional shares or fractional shares on the dividend payment date. DRIPs are an effective way to build wealth with the help of compound interest. ### IRAs, or Individual Retirement Arrangements, are more commonly known as individual retirement accounts. They were established by the [Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/erisa.asp) in 1974 to provide individuals who didn't have a workplace retirement plan with a tax-advantaged savings plan for retirement. A second purpose was to provide an account into which an employee's plan assets could be rolled when they changed jobs or retired. ## 2. Start Saving and Investing Early No matter what types of accounts and investments you choose, one piece of advice stays the same: start early. There are lots of reasons why it makes sense to start saving and investing early: * You'll have years to take advantage of the power of [compounding](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compounding.asp)—reinvesting your earnings continuously to build your account value. * You'll make saving and investing a lifelong habit, which improves your odds of a comfortable retirement. * You'll have more time to recover from losses, so you can try higher-risk/higher-reward investments. * Barring a major loss, you'll have more years to save, which means more money by the time you retire. * You'll gain more experience and develop expertise in a wider variety of investment options. ### Compounding Remember that compounding is [most successful over longer periods of time](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compoundinterest.asp). Assume you make a single $10,000 investment when you're 20 years old and it grows at 5% each year until you retire at age 65. If you reinvest—or compound—your gains, your investment would be worth almost $90,000. Now imagine you didn’t invest the $10,000 until you were 40. With only 25 years to compound, your investment would be worth only about $34,000. Wait until you’re 50 to start, and your investment would grow to less than $21,000. This is, of course, an oversimplified example that assumes a constant 5% rate without taking taxes or inflation into consideration.Still, it's easy to see that the longer your money has to work for you, the better the outcome. Starting early is one of the easiest ways to ensure a comfortable retirement. ## 3. Calculate Your Net Worth You make money, you spend money. For some people, that's about as deep as the money conversation gets. Instead of guessing how much money you have and where it goes, you can [calculate your net worth](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/13/importance-of-knowing-your-net-worth.asp), which is the difference between what you own (your assets) and what you owe (your liabilities).  Assets typically include: * Cash and cash equivalents—things like savings accounts, [Treasury bills](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/020515/are-treasury-bills-good-investment-retirement-savings.asp), and CDs * Securities—for example, stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs * Real property—your home and any rental properties or a second home * Personal property—boats, collectibles, jewelry, vehicles, and household furnishings [Liabilities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp), on the other hand, include debts such as: * Mortgages * Car loans * Credit card outstanding balances * Medical bills * Student loans To calculate your net worth, subtract the value of your liabilities from the value of your assets. This number can give you a good idea of where you stand (right now) for retirement. Of course, net worth is most useful when you track it over time—say, once a year. That way, you'll know if you're heading in the right direction toward a well-funded retirement, or if you need to make some changes. ### Add Net Worth to Your Retirement Goals It’s been said that you can’t reach a goal you never set, and this holds true for retirement planning. If you don't establish specific goals, it’s hard to find the incentive to save, invest, and put in the time and effort to ensure that you're making the best decisions. [Specific and written goals](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100516/setting-financial-goals/) can provide the motivation you need. Here are some examples of written retirement goals. * I want to retire when I’m 65. * I want to travel internationally for 12 weeks each year. * I want a $1 million nest egg to fund the retirement I envision. Regular net worth check-ups are an effective way to track your progress as you work toward these goals. ## 4. Keep Your Emotions in Check Investments can be influenced by your emotions far more easily than you might realize. Here’s the typical pattern of emotional investment behavior. When investments perform well: * Overconfidence takes over. * You [underestimate risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-analysis.asp). * You make bad decisions and lose money. When investments perform badly: * Fear takes over. * You sell investments at a loss and put all your money into low-risk cash and bonds. * You can't benefit from a market recovery and don’t make any money. Emotional investing makes it difficult to build wealth over time. Potential gains are sabotaged by overconfidence, and fear makes you sell (or not buy) investments that could turn around and continue growing. As such, it is important to: * **Be realistic**: Not every investment will be a winner and not every stock will grow as your grandparents’ [blue-chip stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bluechipstock.asp) did. * **Keep emotions in check**: Be mindful of your wins and losses, both realized and unrealized. Rather than reacting, take the time to evaluate your choices and learn from your mistakes and successes. You’ll make better decisions in the future. * **Maintain a balanced portfolio**: [Diversify](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091615/how-diversify-1-million-portfolio.asp) in a way that makes sense for your age, risk tolerance, and goals. Rebalance your portfolio periodically as your [risk tolerance and goals change](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionaleducation/09/risk-tolerance-personality-typing.asp). Most younger investors have decades to recover from any market declines. That means they can focus on higher-risk/higher-reward investments like individual stocks. Those at or near retirement, however, have less time to recover from any losses. As a result, older adults typically shift their portfolios toward a higher proportion of lower-risk/lower-reward investments, such as bonds. ## 5. Pay Attention to Investment Fees While you're likely to focus on returns and taxes, your gains can be [drastically eroded by fees](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/11/investors-fees-cheat-sheet.asp). Investment fees include: * Transaction fees * [Expense ratios](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expenseratio.asp) * Administrative fees * [Loads](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/load.asp) Depending on the types of accounts you have and the investments you select, these fees can really add up. The first step is to figure out what you’re spending on fees. Your brokerage statement should indicate how much you’re paying to execute a stock trade, for example, and your fund’s [prospectus](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prospectus.asp) or website (or research sites such as [Morningstar](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/morningstarinc.asp)) will show expense ratio information. If you're paying too much, you can [shop for investments](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/092815/how-optimize-your-portfolio-and-reduce-fees.asp) such as a comparable lower-fee mutual fund or switch to a broker that offers reduced transaction costs. Many brokers, for example, offer commission-free ETF and mutual fund trading for select groups of funds. To illustrate the difference that a small change in expense ratio can make over the course of an investment, consider the following (hypothetical) table: As the table shows, if you invest $10,000 in a fund with a 2.5% expense ratio, your investment would be worth $42,479 after 20 years, assuming a 10% [annualized return](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/annual-return.asp). At the other end of the spectrum, your investment would be worth $61,416 if the fund had a lower, 0.5% expense ratio—an increase of almost $19,000 over the 2.5% fund’s return. ## 6. Get Help When You Need It “I don't know anything about investing” is a common excuse for postponing retirement planning. Like *ignorantia juris non excusat* (loosely translated as ignorance of the law is no excuse), a lack of investing prowess is not a convincing excuse for failing to save and invest for retirement. There are plenty of ways to get a basic, intermediate, or even an advanced [education in investing](https://www.investopedia.com/investing-essentials-4689754) and retirement planning that fits every budget. Even a little time spent learning goes a long way, whether through your own research or with the help of a qualified financial professional. ## Where Can I Open an IRA? There are various options. You can open an IRA at a bank, a brokerage firm, with a mutual fund company, and even with a life insurance company. ## How Should I Save and Invest if I'm in the Middle of My Career? You've taken a great, first step by simply asking. That shows an awareness of the importance of getting started, no matter where you are in your working years. Generally speaking, you should immediately take part in a retirement plan at work if one is available. If none is, look into opening an IRA at a local bank or brokerage. Earmark a portion of every paycheck for your saving and investing. If you need specific help, check with the financial institution where you open your IRA about support they may offer. ## Can I Open Both a Retirement Plan at Work and an IRA? Yes, you can. The tax deduction you're able to take on contributions to your IRA may be limited (or even eliminated) due to certain things such as the amount of income you make. However, what matters most is that you can contribute the maximum amounts allowed by the IRS to both accounts. In turn, all that money can grow tax deferred for, potentially, many years. That can help boost your retirement savings so, go for it. ## The Bottom Line You can improve your chances of enjoying a comfortable future if you learn about your investment choices, seek investments that [create income inflows](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/etf-designed-retirees/), start planning early, keep your emotions in check, and find help when you need it. Of course, there are many issues to consider when [you plan for retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081715/yes-you-can-manage-your-own-retirement.asp). How much you need to save depends on numerous factors, including: * When you want to retire, the number of years you have to save, and the number of years you'll spend in retirement * Where you want to live—the [cost of living](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-living.asp) varies greatly among cities, states, and countries * What you want to do in retirement—traveling is more expensive than, say, catching up on decades of reading * Your lifestyle now and the lifestyle you envision later * Your healthcare needs Investing rule of thumb guidelines—such as “you need 20 times your gross annual income to retire” or “save and invest 10% of your pretax income”—may help you fine-tune your retirement strategy. Still, by understanding your retirement investing big picture, you can move forward with greater confidence toward a more secure financial future.
When planning for retirement, one usually identifies financial goals and then decides on the best ways to save and invest to achieve them. A lot of retirement investing advice involves very specific formulas and strategies. Sometimes, though, it's helpful for your investment decision-making to take a step back and look at the big picture. Here are six basic tips to make your retirement investing a little easier and potentially more effective at getting you where you hope to be when you retire. Key Takeaways Understand your options when it comes to retirement savings accounts and investments.Start saving for retirement early so your money has more time to grow.Calculate your net worth on a regular basis to see if you're on track for retirement.Pay attention to investment fees since they can significantly erode your retirement funds.Work with a financial professional if you need help or advice. 1. Understand Your Retirement Account Options You can save for retirement in various tax-advantaged and taxable accounts. Some are offered by your employer while others are available through a brokerage firm or bank. Keep in mind that accounts—including 401(k) plans, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and brokerage accounts—are not investments themselves. Once you open one or more accounts, you'll buy the investments that each holds on your behalf. Tax-Advantaged Accounts Accounts can be tax-advantaged in different ways. 401(k)s and IRAs are tax-deferred accounts. That means you don't have to pay taxes on your contributions or the earnings that accrue from the investments within them each year. Income tax is due only on the money you withdraw during retirement. In addition, traditional IRAs and traditional 401(k)s are funded with pretax dollars—meaning, you get a tax deduction for your contributions in the year that you make them. In contrast, Roth 401(k)s and Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars. You can't deduct the amount of your contributions. However, you pay no taxes on any withdrawals you make in retirement from these accounts. Taxable Accounts Taxable accounts don't offer any sort of tax break. They are funded with after-tax dollars. So, when you make a deposit, you don't get a deduction. Moreover, you pay taxes on any investment income or capital gains (from selling an investment at a profit) the year you receive it. Most brokerage and bank accounts are taxable accounts. However, you can maintain a tax-deferred account such as an IRA at a brokerage or bank. Types of Retirement Accounts Defined-Benefit Plans These retirement plans, also known as pensions, are funded by employers. They guarantee a specific retirement benefit based on your salary history and duration of employment. They are increasingly uncommon today outside of the public sector. 401(k)s and Company Plans These are employer-sponsored defined contribution plans that are funded by employees. They provide automatic savings, tax incentives, and, in some cases, matching contributions. For 2023, you can contribute up to $22,500, or $30,000 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $7,500 catch-up contribution allowed). For 2024, you can contribute up to $23,000, or $30,500 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $7,500 catch-up contribution allowed for that year). Traditional IRAs An IRA is a retirement account that allows for tax-deferred investing for retirement. You can deduct your traditional IRA contributions if you meet certain requirements. Withdrawals in retirement are taxed at your individual income tax rate. For 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500, or $7,500 if you're age 50 or older (due to the $1,000 catch-up contribution allowed). For 2024, you can contribute up to $7,000, or $8,000 if you're age 50 or older (due to the same $1,000 catch-up contribution). Roth IRAs Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible, but qualified distributions are tax free. Unlike most retirement accounts, Roth IRAs have no required minimum distributions (RMDs). For 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500 annually, or $7,500 if you're age 50 or older. These maximum amounts increase to $7,000 and $8,000 respectively for tax year 2024. SEP IRAs These IRAs are established by employers and the self-employed. Employers make tax-deductible contributions on behalf of eligible employees. The annual contribution an employer makes to an employee's SEP IRA can't exceed the lesser of 25% of an employee's compensation or $66,000 for 2023 ($69,000 for 2024). SIMPLE IRAs These retirement plans can be used by most small businesses with 100 or fewer employees. Employees can contribute up to $15,500 for 2023 and $16,000 for 2024. The additional catch-up contribution (if you're age 50 or older) is $3,500 for 2023 and $3,500 for 2024. Employers can choose to make a 2% contribution to all employees or an optional matching contribution of up to 3%. Types of Investments Annuities  Annuities are insurance products that provide a source of monthly, quarterly, annual, or lump-sum income during retirement. Some annuities are tax-deferred investments themselves, so investors may be better off buying them within taxable accounts. Mutual Funds Mutual funds are professionally managed pools of stocks, bonds, and other instruments that are divided into shares and sold to investors. Stocks Stocks, or equities as they're also called, are securities that represent ownership in the corporation that issued the stock. Bonds Bonds are securities that represent money loaned to an issuer (such as a government or corporation) in exchange for interest payments and the future repayment of the bond’s face value. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) ETFs are investment funds that trade like stocks on regulated exchanges. They track broad-based or sector indexes, commodities, and baskets of assets. Cash Investments  You can put cash in low-risk, short-term obligations that provide returns in the form of interest payments. Examples include certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market deposit accounts. Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRIPs)  DRIPs allow you to reinvest cash dividends by buying additional shares or fractional shares on the dividend payment date. DRIPs are an effective way to build wealth with the help of compound interest. IRAs, or Individual Retirement Arrangements, are more commonly known as individual retirement accounts. They were established by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) in 1974 to provide individuals who didn't have a workplace retirement plan with a tax-advantaged savings plan for retirement. A second purpose was to provide an account into which an employee's plan assets could be rolled when they changed jobs or retired. 2. Start Saving and Investing Early No matter what types of accounts and investments you choose, one piece of advice stays the same: start early. There are lots of reasons why it makes sense to start saving and investing early: You'll have years to take advantage of the power of compounding—reinvesting your earnings continuously to build your account value.  You'll make saving and investing a lifelong habit, which improves your odds of a comfortable retirement. You'll have more time to recover from losses, so you can try higher-risk/higher-reward investments. Barring a major loss, you'll have more years to save, which means more money by the time you retire.  You'll gain more experience and develop expertise in a wider variety of investment options. Compounding Remember that compounding is most successful over longer periods of time. Assume you make a single $10,000 investment when you're 20 years old and it grows at 5% each year until you retire at age 65. If you reinvest—or compound—your gains, your investment would be worth almost $90,000. Now imagine you didn’t invest the $10,000 until you were 40. With only 25 years to compound, your investment would be worth only about $34,000. Wait until you’re 50 to start, and your investment would grow to less than $21,000. This is, of course, an oversimplified example that assumes a constant 5% rate without taking taxes or inflation into consideration. Still, it's easy to see that the longer your money has to work for you, the better the outcome. Starting early is one of the easiest ways to ensure a comfortable retirement. 3. Calculate Your Net Worth You make money, you spend money. For some people, that's about as deep as the money conversation gets. Instead of guessing how much money you have and where it goes, you can calculate your net worth, which is the difference between what you own (your assets) and what you owe (your liabilities).  Assets typically include: Cash and cash equivalents—things like savings accounts, Treasury bills, and CDs Securities—for example, stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs Real property—your home and any rental properties or a second home Personal property—boats, collectibles, jewelry, vehicles, and household furnishings Liabilities, on the other hand, include debts such as: MortgagesCar loansCredit card outstanding balancesMedical billsStudent loans To calculate your net worth, subtract the value of your liabilities from the value of your assets. This number can give you a good idea of where you stand (right now) for retirement. Of course, net worth is most useful when you track it over time—say, once a year. That way, you'll know if you're heading in the right direction toward a well-funded retirement, or if you need to make some changes. Add Net Worth to Your Retirement Goals It’s been said that you can’t reach a goal you never set, and this holds true for retirement planning. If you don't establish specific goals, it’s hard to find the incentive to save, invest, and put in the time and effort to ensure that you're making the best decisions. Specific and written goals can provide the motivation you need. Here are some examples of written retirement goals. I want to retire when I’m 65.I want to travel internationally for 12 weeks each year.I want a $1 million nest egg to fund the retirement I envision. Regular net worth check-ups are an effective way to track your progress as you work toward these goals. 4. Keep Your Emotions in Check Investments can be influenced by your emotions far more easily than you might realize. Here’s the typical pattern of emotional investment behavior. When investments perform well: Overconfidence takes over. You underestimate risk. You make bad decisions and lose money. When investments perform badly: Fear takes over.You sell investments at a loss and put all your money into low-risk cash and bonds.You can't benefit from a market recovery and don’t make any money. Emotional investing makes it difficult to build wealth over time. Potential gains are sabotaged by overconfidence, and fear makes you sell (or not buy) investments that could turn around and continue growing. As such, it is important to: Be realistic: Not every investment will be a winner and not every stock will grow as your grandparents’ blue-chip stocks did. Keep emotions in check: Be mindful of your wins and losses, both realized and unrealized. Rather than reacting, take the time to evaluate your choices and learn from your mistakes and successes. You’ll make better decisions in the future. Maintain a balanced portfolio: Diversify in a way that makes sense for your age, risk tolerance, and goals. Rebalance your portfolio periodically as your risk tolerance and goals change. Most younger investors have decades to recover from any market declines. That means they can focus on higher-risk/higher-reward investments like individual stocks. Those at or near retirement, however, have less time to recover from any losses. As a result, older adults typically shift their portfolios toward a higher proportion of lower-risk/lower-reward investments, such as bonds. 5. Pay Attention to Investment Fees While you're likely to focus on returns and taxes, your gains can be drastically eroded by fees. Investment fees include: Transaction fees Expense ratios Administrative fees Loads Depending on the types of accounts you have and the investments you select, these fees can really add up. The first step is to figure out what you’re spending on fees. Your brokerage statement should indicate how much you’re paying to execute a stock trade, for example, and your fund’s prospectus or website (or research sites such as Morningstar) will show expense ratio information. If you're paying too much, you can shop for investments such as a comparable lower-fee mutual fund or switch to a broker that offers reduced transaction costs. Many brokers, for example, offer commission-free ETF and mutual fund trading for select groups of funds. To illustrate the difference that a small change in expense ratio can make over the course of an investment, consider the following (hypothetical) table: As the table shows, if you invest $10,000 in a fund with a 2.5% expense ratio, your investment would be worth $42,479 after 20 years, assuming a 10% annualized return. At the other end of the spectrum, your investment would be worth $61,416 if the fund had a lower, 0.5% expense ratio—an increase of almost $19,000 over the 2.5% fund’s return. 6. Get Help When You Need It “I don't know anything about investing” is a common excuse for postponing retirement planning. Like ignorantia juris non excusat (loosely translated as ignorance of the law is no excuse), a lack of investing prowess is not a convincing excuse for failing to save and invest for retirement. There are plenty of ways to get a basic, intermediate, or even an advanced education in investing and retirement planning that fits every budget. Even a little time spent learning goes a long way, whether through your own research or with the help of a qualified financial professional. Where Can I Open an IRA? There are various options. You can open an IRA at a bank, a brokerage firm, with a mutual fund company, and even with a life insurance company. How Should I Save and Invest if I'm in the Middle of My Career? You've taken a great, first step by simply asking. That shows an awareness of the importance of getting started, no matter where you are in your working years. Generally speaking, you should immediately take part in a retirement plan at work if one is available. If none is, look into opening an IRA at a local bank or brokerage. Earmark a portion of every paycheck for your saving and investing. If you need specific help, check with the financial institution where you open your IRA about support they may offer. Can I Open Both a Retirement Plan at Work and an IRA? Yes, you can. The tax deduction you're able to take on contributions to your IRA may be limited (or even eliminated) due to certain things such as the amount of income you make. However, what matters most is that you can contribute the maximum amounts allowed by the IRS to both accounts. In turn, all that money can grow tax deferred for, potentially, many years. That can help boost your retirement savings so, go for it. The Bottom Line You can improve your chances of enjoying a comfortable future if you learn about your investment choices, seek investments that create income inflows, start planning early, keep your emotions in check, and find help when you need it. Of course, there are many issues to consider when you plan for retirement. How much you need to save depends on numerous factors, including: When you want to retire, the number of years you have to save, and the number of years you'll spend in retirement Where you want to live—the cost of living varies greatly among cities, states, and countries What you want to do in retirement—traveling is more expensive than, say, catching up on decades of reading Your lifestyle now and the lifestyle you envision later Your healthcare needs Investing rule of thumb guidelines—such as “you need 20 times your gross annual income to retire” or “save and invest 10% of your pretax income”—may help you fine-tune your retirement strategy. Still, by understanding your retirement investing big picture, you can move forward with greater confidence toward a more secure financial future.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/time-weightedror.asp
How to Use the Time-Weighted Rate of Return (TWR) Formula
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-time-weighted-rate-of-return--twr"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What is Time-Weighted Rate of Return – TWR? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The time-weighted rate of return (TWR) is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. The TWR measure is often used to compare the returns of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment-manager.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">investment managers</a> because it eliminates the distorting effects on growth rates created by inflows and outflows of money. The time-weighted return breaks up the return on an investment portfolio into separate intervals based on whether money was added or withdrawn from the fund. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> The time-weighted return measure is also called the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/geometricmean.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">geometric mean</a> return, which is a complicated way of stating that the returns for each sub-period are multiplied by each other. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-formula-for-twr"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Formula for TWR </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Use this formula to determine the compounded rate of growth of your portfolio holdings. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span data-value="\begin{aligned}&amp;TWR = \left [(1 + HP_{1})\times(1 + HP_{2})\times\dots\times(1 + HP_{n}) \right ] - 1\\&amp;\textbf{where:}\\&amp;TWR = \text{ Time-weighted return}\\&amp;n = \text{ Number of sub-periods}\\&amp;HP =\ \dfrac{\text{End Value} - (\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}{(\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}\\&amp;HP_{n} = \text{ Return for sub-period }n\end{aligned}"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> <math> <semantics> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> T </mi> <mi> W </mi> <mi> R </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mrow> <mo> [ </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <mi> H </mi> <msub> <mi> P </mi> <mn> 1 </mn> </msub> <mo> ) </mo> <mo> × </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <mi> H </mi> <msub> <mi> P </mi> <mn> 2 </mn> </msub> <mo> ) </mo> <mo> × </mo> <mo> ⋯ </mo> <mo> × </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <mi> H </mi> <msub> <mi> P </mi> <mi> n </mi> </msub> <mo> ) </mo> <mo> ] </mo> </mrow> <mo> − </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> where: </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> T </mi> <mi> W </mi> <mi> R </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mtext>  Time-weighted return </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mtext>  Number of sub-periods </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> H </mi> <mi> P </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mtext>   </mtext> <mfrac> <mrow> <mtext> End Value </mtext> <mo> − </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mtext> Initial Value </mtext> <mo> + </mo> <mtext> Cash Flow </mtext> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mtext> Initial Value </mtext> <mo> + </mo> <mtext> Cash Flow </mtext> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> H </mi> <msub> <mi> P </mi> <mi> n </mi> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mtext>  Return for sub-period  </mtext> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \begin{aligned}&amp;TWR = \left [(1 + HP_{1})\times(1 + HP_{2})\times\dots\times(1 + HP_{n}) \right ] - 1\\&amp;\textbf{where:}\\&amp;TWR = \text{ Time-weighted return}\\&amp;n = \text{ Number of sub-periods}\\&amp;HP =\ \dfrac{\text{End Value} - (\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}{(\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}\\&amp;HP_{n} = \text{ Return for sub-period }n\end{aligned} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-r"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">T</span><span class="mord mathdefault">W</span><span class="mord mathdefault">R</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter">[</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">H</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">H</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="minner">⋯</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">H</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose delimcenter">]</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textbf">where:</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">T</span><span class="mord mathdefault">W</span><span class="mord mathdefault">R</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord"> Time-weighted return</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord"> Number of sub-periods</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault">P</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mspace"> </span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Initial Value</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Cash Flow</span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="frac-line"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">End Value</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Initial Value</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Cash Flow</span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">H</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord"> Return for sub-period </span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.7%;"> <img alt="Time-Weighted Rate of Return" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xYJTwHMyWNtbkFHAjuq22-Z27kc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_TimeWeightedReturn_4-3-11ac35d01485475ab7b1a502f7c975e2.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xYJTwHMyWNtbkFHAjuq22-Z27kc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_TimeWeightedReturn_4-3-11ac35d01485475ab7b1a502f7c975e2.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/iPCBi-0wzNcU2S3KUtK-G6NX-iU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_TimeWeightedReturn_4-3-11ac35d01485475ab7b1a502f7c975e2.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1001" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Time-Weighted Rate of Return" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1001" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xYJTwHMyWNtbkFHAjuq22-Z27kc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_TimeWeightedReturn_4-3-11ac35d01485475ab7b1a502f7c975e2.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/iPCBi-0wzNcU2S3KUtK-G6NX-iU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_TimeWeightedReturn_4-3-11ac35d01485475ab7b1a502f7c975e2.jpg 750w" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Crea Taylor</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-calculate-twr"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Calculate TWR </span> </h2> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <li>Calculate the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rateofreturn.asp">rate of return</a> for each sub-period by subtracting the beginning balance of the period from the ending balance of the period and divide the result by the beginning balance of the period.</li> <li>Create a new sub-period for each period that there is a change in cash flow, whether it's a withdrawal or deposit. You'll be left with multiple periods, each with a rate of return. Add 1 to each rate of return, which simply makes negative returns easier to calculate.</li> <li>Multiply the rate of return for each sub-period by each other. Subtract 1 from the result to achieve the TWR.</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-twr-tell-you"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Does TWR Tell You? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> It can be difficult to determine how much money was earned on a portfolio when there are multiple deposits and withdrawals made over time. Investors can't simply subtract the beginning balance, after the initial deposit, from the ending balance since the ending balance reflects both the rate of return on the investments and any deposits or withdrawals during the time invested in the fund. In other words, deposits and withdrawals distort the value of the return on the portfolio. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> The time-weighted return breaks up the return on an investment portfolio into separate intervals based on whether money was added or withdrawn from the fund. The TWR provides the rate of return for each sub-period or interval that had cash flow changes. By isolating the returns that had cash flow changes, the result is more accurate than simply taking the beginning balance and ending balance of the time invested in a fund. The time-weighted return multiplies the returns for each sub-period or holding-period, which links them together showing how the returns are compounded over time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> When calculating the time-weighted rate of return, it is assumed that all cash distributions are reinvested in the portfolio. Daily portfolio <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valuation.asp">valuations</a> are needed whenever there is external <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp">cash flow</a>, such as a deposit or a withdrawal, which would denote the start of a new sub-period. In addition, sub-periods must be the same to compare the returns of different portfolios or investments. These periods are then geometrically linked to determine the time-weighted rate of return. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Because investment managers that deal in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/difference-between-publicly-and-privately-held-companies/">publicly traded securities</a> do not typically have control over fund investors' cash flows, the time-weighted rate of return is a popular performance measure for these types of funds as opposed to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp">internal rate of return (IRR)</a>, which is more sensitive to cash-flow movements. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The time-weighted return (TWR) multiplies the returns for each sub-period or holding-period, which links them together showing how the returns are compounded over time. </li><li>The time-weighted return (TWR) helps eliminate the distorting effects on growth rates created by inflows and outflows of money.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-using-the-twr"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Using the TWR </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> As noted, the time-weighted return eliminates the effects of portfolio cash flows on returns. To see this how it works, consider the following two investor scenarios: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Scenario 1 </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Investor 1 invests $1 million into Mutual Fund A on December 31. On August 15 of the following year, their portfolio is valued at $1,162,484. At that point (August 15), they add $100,000 to Mutual Fund A, bringing the total value to $1,262,484. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> By the end of the year, the portfolio has decreased in value to $1,192,328. The holding-period return for the first period, from December 31 to August 15, would be calculated as: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <li><strong>Return = ($1,162,484 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000 = 16.25%</strong></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> The holding-period return for the second period, from August 15 to December 31, would be calculated as:<strong> </strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <li><strong>Return = ($1,192,328 - ($1,162,484 + $100,000)) / ($1,162,484 + $100,000) = -5.56%</strong></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> The second sub-period is created following the $100,000 deposit so that the rate of return is calculated reflecting that deposit with its new starting balance of $1,262,484 or ($1,162,484 + $100,000). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> The time-weighted return for the two time periods is calculated by multiplying each subperiod's rate of return by each other. The first period is the period leading up to the deposit, and the second period is after the $100,000 deposit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> <li><strong>Time-weighted return = (1 + 16.25%) x (1 + (-5.56%)) - 1 = 9.79%</strong></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Scenario 2 </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> Investor 2 invests $1 million into Mutual Fund A on December 31. On August 15 of the following year, their portfolio is valued at $1,162,484. At that point (August 15), they withdraw $100,000 from Mutual Fund A, bringing the total value down to $1,062,484. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> By the end of the year, the portfolio has decreased in value to $1,003,440. The holding-period return for the first period, from December 31 to August 15, would be calculated as: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> <li><strong>Return = ($1,162,484 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000 = 16.25%</strong></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> The holding-period return for the second period, from August 15 to December 31, would be calculated as: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <li><strong>Return = ($1,003,440 - ($1,162,484 - $100,000)) / ($1,162,484 - $100,000) = -5.56%</strong></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> The time-weighted return over the two time periods is calculated by multiplying or geometrically linking these two returns: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> <li><strong>Time-weighted return = (1 + 16.25%) x (1 + (-5.56%)) - 1 = 9.79%</strong></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> As expected, both investors received the same 9.79% time-weighted return, even though one added money and the other withdrew money. Eliminating the cash flow effects is precisely why time-weighted return is an important concept that allows investors to compare the investment returns of their portfolios and any financial product. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-difference-between-twr-and-ror"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Difference Between TWR and ROR </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rateofreturn.asp">rate of return (ROR)</a> is the net gain or loss on an investment over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s initial cost.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Gains on investments are defined as income received plus any <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgain.asp">capital gains</a> realized on the sale of the investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> However, the rate of return calculation does not account for the cash flow differences in the portfolio, whereas the TWR accounts for all deposits and withdrawals in determining the rate of return. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-limitations-of-the-twr"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Limitations of the TWR </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Due to changing cash flows in and out of funds on a daily basis, the TWR can be an extremely cumbersome way to calculate and keep track of the cash flows. It's best to use an online calculator or computational software. Another often-used rate of return calculation is the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-weighted-return.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">money-weighted rate of return.</a> </p></div>
## What is Time-Weighted Rate of Return – TWR? The time-weighted rate of return (TWR) is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. The TWR measure is often used to compare the returns of [investment managers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment-manager.asp) because it eliminates the distorting effects on growth rates created by inflows and outflows of money. The time-weighted return breaks up the return on an investment portfolio into separate intervals based on whether money was added or withdrawn from the fund. The time-weighted return measure is also called the [geometric mean](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/geometricmean.asp) return, which is a complicated way of stating that the returns for each sub-period are multiplied by each other. ## Formula for TWR Use this formula to determine the compounded rate of growth of your portfolio holdings. T W R = [ ( 1 + H P 1 ) × ( 1 + H P 2 ) × ⋯ × ( 1 + H P n ) ] − 1 where: T W R =  Time-weighted return n =  Number of sub-periods H P =   End Value − ( Initial Value + Cash Flow ) ( Initial Value + Cash Flow ) H P n =  Return for sub-period  n \begin{aligned}&TWR = \left [(1 + HP\_{1})\times(1 + HP\_{2})\times\dots\times(1 + HP\_{n}) \right ] - 1\\&\textbf{where:}\\&TWR = \text{ Time-weighted return}\\&n = \text{ Number of sub-periods}\\&HP =\ \dfrac{\text{End Value} - (\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}{(\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}\\&HP\_{n} = \text{ Return for sub-period }n\end{aligned} ​TWR=[(1+HP1​)×(1+HP2​)×⋯×(1+HPn​)]−1where:TWR= Time-weighted returnn= Number of sub-periodsHP= (Initial Value+Cash Flow)End Value−(Initial Value+Cash Flow)​HPn​= Return for sub-period n​ ![Time-Weighted Rate of Return]() ![Time-Weighted Rate of Return](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xYJTwHMyWNtbkFHAjuq22-Z27kc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_TimeWeightedReturn_4-3-11ac35d01485475ab7b1a502f7c975e2.jpg) Investopedia / Crea Taylor ## How to Calculate TWR 1. Calculate the [rate of return](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rateofreturn.asp) for each sub-period by subtracting the beginning balance of the period from the ending balance of the period and divide the result by the beginning balance of the period. 2. Create a new sub-period for each period that there is a change in cash flow, whether it's a withdrawal or deposit. You'll be left with multiple periods, each with a rate of return. Add 1 to each rate of return, which simply makes negative returns easier to calculate. 3. Multiply the rate of return for each sub-period by each other. Subtract 1 from the result to achieve the TWR. ## What Does TWR Tell You? It can be difficult to determine how much money was earned on a portfolio when there are multiple deposits and withdrawals made over time. Investors can't simply subtract the beginning balance, after the initial deposit, from the ending balance since the ending balance reflects both the rate of return on the investments and any deposits or withdrawals during the time invested in the fund. In other words, deposits and withdrawals distort the value of the return on the portfolio. The time-weighted return breaks up the return on an investment portfolio into separate intervals based on whether money was added or withdrawn from the fund. The TWR provides the rate of return for each sub-period or interval that had cash flow changes. By isolating the returns that had cash flow changes, the result is more accurate than simply taking the beginning balance and ending balance of the time invested in a fund. The time-weighted return multiplies the returns for each sub-period or holding-period, which links them together showing how the returns are compounded over time. When calculating the time-weighted rate of return, it is assumed that all cash distributions are reinvested in the portfolio. Daily portfolio [valuations](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valuation.asp) are needed whenever there is external [cash flow](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp), such as a deposit or a withdrawal, which would denote the start of a new sub-period. In addition, sub-periods must be the same to compare the returns of different portfolios or investments. These periods are then geometrically linked to determine the time-weighted rate of return. Because investment managers that deal in [publicly traded securities](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/difference-between-publicly-and-privately-held-companies/) do not typically have control over fund investors' cash flows, the time-weighted rate of return is a popular performance measure for these types of funds as opposed to the [internal rate of return (IRR)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp), which is more sensitive to cash-flow movements. ### Key Takeaways * The time-weighted return (TWR) multiplies the returns for each sub-period or holding-period, which links them together showing how the returns are compounded over time. * The time-weighted return (TWR) helps eliminate the distorting effects on growth rates created by inflows and outflows of money. ## Examples of Using the TWR As noted, the time-weighted return eliminates the effects of portfolio cash flows on returns. To see this how it works, consider the following two investor scenarios: ### Scenario 1 Investor 1 invests $1 million into Mutual Fund A on December 31. On August 15 of the following year, their portfolio is valued at $1,162,484. At that point (August 15), they add $100,000 to Mutual Fund A, bringing the total value to $1,262,484. By the end of the year, the portfolio has decreased in value to $1,192,328. The holding-period return for the first period, from December 31 to August 15, would be calculated as: * **Return = ($1,162,484 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000 = 16.25%** The holding-period return for the second period, from August 15 to December 31, would be calculated as: * **Return = ($1,192,328 - ($1,162,484 + $100,000)) / ($1,162,484 + $100,000) = -5.56%** The second sub-period is created following the $100,000 deposit so that the rate of return is calculated reflecting that deposit with its new starting balance of $1,262,484 or ($1,162,484 + $100,000). The time-weighted return for the two time periods is calculated by multiplying each subperiod's rate of return by each other. The first period is the period leading up to the deposit, and the second period is after the $100,000 deposit. * **Time-weighted return = (1 + 16.25%) x (1 + (-5.56%)) - 1 = 9.79%** ### Scenario 2 Investor 2 invests $1 million into Mutual Fund A on December 31. On August 15 of the following year, their portfolio is valued at $1,162,484. At that point (August 15), they withdraw $100,000 from Mutual Fund A, bringing the total value down to $1,062,484. By the end of the year, the portfolio has decreased in value to $1,003,440. The holding-period return for the first period, from December 31 to August 15, would be calculated as: * **Return = ($1,162,484 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000 = 16.25%** The holding-period return for the second period, from August 15 to December 31, would be calculated as: * **Return = ($1,003,440 - ($1,162,484 - $100,000)) / ($1,162,484 - $100,000) = -5.56%** The time-weighted return over the two time periods is calculated by multiplying or geometrically linking these two returns: * **Time-weighted return = (1 + 16.25%) x (1 + (-5.56%)) - 1 = 9.79%** As expected, both investors received the same 9.79% time-weighted return, even though one added money and the other withdrew money. Eliminating the cash flow effects is precisely why time-weighted return is an important concept that allows investors to compare the investment returns of their portfolios and any financial product. ## Difference Between TWR and ROR A [rate of return (ROR)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rateofreturn.asp) is the net gain or loss on an investment over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s initial cost. Gains on investments are defined as income received plus any [capital gains](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgain.asp) realized on the sale of the investment. However, the rate of return calculation does not account for the cash flow differences in the portfolio, whereas the TWR accounts for all deposits and withdrawals in determining the rate of return. ## Limitations of the TWR Due to changing cash flows in and out of funds on a daily basis, the TWR can be an extremely cumbersome way to calculate and keep track of the cash flows. It's best to use an online calculator or computational software. Another often-used rate of return calculation is the [money-weighted rate of return.](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-weighted-return.asp)
What is Time-Weighted Rate of Return – TWR? The time-weighted rate of return (TWR) is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. The TWR measure is often used to compare the returns of investment managers because it eliminates the distorting effects on growth rates created by inflows and outflows of money. The time-weighted return breaks up the return on an investment portfolio into separate intervals based on whether money was added or withdrawn from the fund. The time-weighted return measure is also called the geometric mean return, which is a complicated way of stating that the returns for each sub-period are multiplied by each other. Formula for TWR Use this formula to determine the compounded rate of growth of your portfolio holdings. T W R = [ ( 1 + H P 1 ) × ( 1 + H P 2 ) × ⋯ × ( 1 + H P n ) ] − 1 where: T W R =  Time-weighted return n =  Number of sub-periods H P =   End Value − ( Initial Value + Cash Flow ) ( Initial Value + Cash Flow ) H P n =  Return for sub-period  n \begin{aligned}&TWR = \left [(1 + HP_{1})\times(1 + HP_{2})\times\dots\times(1 + HP_{n}) \right ] - 1\\&\textbf{where:}\\&TWR = \text{ Time-weighted return}\\&n = \text{ Number of sub-periods}\\&HP =\ \dfrac{\text{End Value} - (\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}{(\text{Initial Value} + \text{Cash Flow})}\\&HP_{n} = \text{ Return for sub-period }n\end{aligned} ​TWR=[(1+HP1​)×(1+HP2​)×⋯×(1+HPn​)]−1where:TWR= Time-weighted returnn= Number of sub-periodsHP= (Initial Value+Cash Flow)End Value−(Initial Value+Cash Flow)​HPn​= Return for sub-period n​ Investopedia / Crea Taylor How to Calculate TWR Calculate the rate of return for each sub-period by subtracting the beginning balance of the period from the ending balance of the period and divide the result by the beginning balance of the period. Create a new sub-period for each period that there is a change in cash flow, whether it's a withdrawal or deposit. You'll be left with multiple periods, each with a rate of return. Add 1 to each rate of return, which simply makes negative returns easier to calculate. Multiply the rate of return for each sub-period by each other. Subtract 1 from the result to achieve the TWR. What Does TWR Tell You? It can be difficult to determine how much money was earned on a portfolio when there are multiple deposits and withdrawals made over time. Investors can't simply subtract the beginning balance, after the initial deposit, from the ending balance since the ending balance reflects both the rate of return on the investments and any deposits or withdrawals during the time invested in the fund. In other words, deposits and withdrawals distort the value of the return on the portfolio. The time-weighted return breaks up the return on an investment portfolio into separate intervals based on whether money was added or withdrawn from the fund. The TWR provides the rate of return for each sub-period or interval that had cash flow changes. By isolating the returns that had cash flow changes, the result is more accurate than simply taking the beginning balance and ending balance of the time invested in a fund. The time-weighted return multiplies the returns for each sub-period or holding-period, which links them together showing how the returns are compounded over time. When calculating the time-weighted rate of return, it is assumed that all cash distributions are reinvested in the portfolio. Daily portfolio valuations are needed whenever there is external cash flow, such as a deposit or a withdrawal, which would denote the start of a new sub-period. In addition, sub-periods must be the same to compare the returns of different portfolios or investments. These periods are then geometrically linked to determine the time-weighted rate of return. Because investment managers that deal in publicly traded securities do not typically have control over fund investors' cash flows, the time-weighted rate of return is a popular performance measure for these types of funds as opposed to the internal rate of return (IRR), which is more sensitive to cash-flow movements. Key Takeaways The time-weighted return (TWR) multiplies the returns for each sub-period or holding-period, which links them together showing how the returns are compounded over time. The time-weighted return (TWR) helps eliminate the distorting effects on growth rates created by inflows and outflows of money. Examples of Using the TWR As noted, the time-weighted return eliminates the effects of portfolio cash flows on returns. To see this how it works, consider the following two investor scenarios: Scenario 1 Investor 1 invests $1 million into Mutual Fund A on December 31. On August 15 of the following year, their portfolio is valued at $1,162,484. At that point (August 15), they add $100,000 to Mutual Fund A, bringing the total value to $1,262,484. By the end of the year, the portfolio has decreased in value to $1,192,328. The holding-period return for the first period, from December 31 to August 15, would be calculated as: Return = ($1,162,484 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000 = 16.25% The holding-period return for the second period, from August 15 to December 31, would be calculated as: Return = ($1,192,328 - ($1,162,484 + $100,000)) / ($1,162,484 + $100,000) = -5.56% The second sub-period is created following the $100,000 deposit so that the rate of return is calculated reflecting that deposit with its new starting balance of $1,262,484 or ($1,162,484 + $100,000). The time-weighted return for the two time periods is calculated by multiplying each subperiod's rate of return by each other. The first period is the period leading up to the deposit, and the second period is after the $100,000 deposit. Time-weighted return = (1 + 16.25%) x (1 + (-5.56%)) - 1 = 9.79% Scenario 2 Investor 2 invests $1 million into Mutual Fund A on December 31. On August 15 of the following year, their portfolio is valued at $1,162,484. At that point (August 15), they withdraw $100,000 from Mutual Fund A, bringing the total value down to $1,062,484. By the end of the year, the portfolio has decreased in value to $1,003,440. The holding-period return for the first period, from December 31 to August 15, would be calculated as: Return = ($1,162,484 - $1,000,000) / $1,000,000 = 16.25% The holding-period return for the second period, from August 15 to December 31, would be calculated as: Return = ($1,003,440 - ($1,162,484 - $100,000)) / ($1,162,484 - $100,000) = -5.56% The time-weighted return over the two time periods is calculated by multiplying or geometrically linking these two returns: Time-weighted return = (1 + 16.25%) x (1 + (-5.56%)) - 1 = 9.79% As expected, both investors received the same 9.79% time-weighted return, even though one added money and the other withdrew money. Eliminating the cash flow effects is precisely why time-weighted return is an important concept that allows investors to compare the investment returns of their portfolios and any financial product. Difference Between TWR and ROR A rate of return (ROR) is the net gain or loss on an investment over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s initial cost. Gains on investments are defined as income received plus any capital gains realized on the sale of the investment. However, the rate of return calculation does not account for the cash flow differences in the portfolio, whereas the TWR accounts for all deposits and withdrawals in determining the rate of return. Limitations of the TWR Due to changing cash flows in and out of funds on a daily basis, the TWR can be an extremely cumbersome way to calculate and keep track of the cash flows. It's best to use an online calculator or computational software. Another often-used rate of return calculation is the money-weighted rate of return.
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https://www.investopedia.com/roth-iras-americans-living-working-abroad-5221269
Roth IRAs for Americans Living/Working Abroad
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> The Roth individual retirement account (IRA) is the most versatile retirement tool. Contributions can be taken out at any time without penalties if you find yourself in deep financial trouble. The money grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax-free in retirement. You can still contribute to a Roth IRA if you’re living or working abroad, as long as you meet certain criteria.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>People living or working abroad can contribute to Roth IRAs the same way as people living in the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </li><li>If you’re living or working abroad, make sure you have enough earned income after claiming the foreign earned income exclusion to contribute to a Roth IRA.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span></li><li>You can still have a spousal IRA if you’re living abroad but don’t have your own earned income, as long as your spouse has enough earned income for both of you to contribute.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span></li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-roth-ira"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Roth IRA? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> A Roth IRA is a type of retirement savings account that has tax advantages. Unlike the traditional IRA. the money paid into a Roth account is taxable as income for the year in which it is deposited. The money grows tax-free over the years and owes no additional taxes when it is withdrawn after the accountholder is age 59 1/2.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Because the income taxes have already been paid, contributions to the account (but not the gains on those contributions) can be withdrawn at any time tax-free, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rollover.asp">rollover</a> contributions can be withdrawn tax-free after five years.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Roth IRAs can also be tax-free for an heir, which can make your contributions a form of life insurance for your family.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Roth and traditional IRA contribution limits for 2022 are $6,000 for individuals under age 50. Individuals ages 50 and older can contribute an additional $1,000. For 2023, the limit rises to $6,500 and the $1,000 extra for older savers stays at $1,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> You cannot contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022 if you earn more than the individual income limit of $144,000 or. for a couple filing jointly. an income over $214,000. Those ceilings rise for 2023 to $153,000 for individuals and $228,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block with-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0">Fast Fact</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>In 2022, you can contribute up to $6,000 per year to a Roth or traditional IRA. If you’re 50 or older, you can contribute an additional $1,000 per year. In 2023, the limit increases to $6,500 while the $1,000 extra for ages 50 and over stays at $1,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-contribute-to-a-roth-ira-if-you-live-or-work-abroad"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA If You Live or Work Abroad? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> If you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident living or working abroad, you can contribute to a Roth or traditional IRA as long as you meet certain requirements. There are income caps on eligibility for a Roth IRA.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-earned-income"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Earned Income </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> You must have earned income to contribute to a Roth or traditional IRA. To determine if you have enough earned income to contribute to a Roth IRA, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will look at your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp">modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Expats who have income from working in the U.S., whether from a job before they left, business trips to the U.S., or compensation from the U.S. government, usually have earnings that are close to their MAGI.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> For MAGI purposes, many expats or citizens living abroad will take the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-housing-exclusion-deduction.asp">foreign housing</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-earned-income-exclusion.asp">foreign earned income exclusions</a>. These exclusions usually reduce MAGI significantly and could make some ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> For 2022, the foreign earned income exclusion is on the first $112,000 earned in a foreign country. This increases to $120,000 for 2023. Consult with your tax preparer to see if taking a partial exclusion would be possible or advisable in your situation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-withdraw-money-from-an-ira-while-living-or-working-abroad"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Withdraw Money From an IRA While Living or Working Abroad?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, you can take money out of your Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA) while you’re living or working abroad.</p><p>The same Roth IRA <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/roth-ira-withdrawal-rules-4769951">withdrawal rules</a> that apply to people living in the U.S. apply to U.S. citizens or permanent residents living abroad. Standard contributions can be withdrawn from your Roth IRA at any time. Rollover contributions can be withdrawn from your Roth IRA <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/waitingperiodroth.asp">after five years</a>. Gains in your Roth IRA can only be withdrawn without penalty if you’ve held the account for at least five years and you’re age 59½ or older.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-annual-deadline-to-contribute-to-a-roth-ira"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Annual Deadline to Contribute to a Roth IRA?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You can contribute to a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/roth-vs-traditional-ira-which-is-right-for-you/">traditional or Roth IRA</a> through the tax filing deadline for that year. In most years, the deadline is April 15, unless that date falls on a holiday or a weekend.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-contribute-to-a-spousal-ira-while-living-or-working-abroad"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Contribute to a Spousal IRA While Living or Working Abroad?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you are part of a married couple who file jointly and live abroad and the modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) on your tax return is more than $12,000, you can both contribute up to $6,000 to your individual IRAs for 2022, and $6,500 for 2023. If you're over age 50 you can add $1,000 more in both years.</p><p>Even if one spouse had zero earned income, the couple can contribute to a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spousal-ira.asp">spousal IRA</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> You can contribute to a Roth IRA if you’re a U.S. citizen or permanent resident living or working abroad as long as you have enough earned income after any tax exemptions and you don’t earn more than the earned income limit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span>  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> Roth IRAs are a powerful tool to save for retirement and for emergencies in a worst-case scenario. If you don’t yet have one, you may want to strongly consider opening one if you’re eligible. </p></div>
The Roth individual retirement account (IRA) is the most versatile retirement tool. Contributions can be taken out at any time without penalties if you find yourself in deep financial trouble. The money grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax-free in retirement. You can still contribute to a Roth IRA if you’re living or working abroad, as long as you meet certain criteria. ### Key Takeaways * People living or working abroad can contribute to Roth IRAs the same way as people living in the U.S. * If you’re living or working abroad, make sure you have enough earned income after claiming the foreign earned income exclusion to contribute to a Roth IRA. * You can still have a spousal IRA if you’re living abroad but don’t have your own earned income, as long as your spouse has enough earned income for both of you to contribute. ## What Is a Roth IRA? A Roth IRA is a type of retirement savings account that has tax advantages. Unlike the traditional IRA. the money paid into a Roth account is taxable as income for the year in which it is deposited. The money grows tax-free over the years and owes no additional taxes when it is withdrawn after the accountholder is age 59 1/2. Because the income taxes have already been paid, contributions to the account (but not the gains on those contributions) can be withdrawn at any time tax-free, and [rollover](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rollover.asp) contributions can be withdrawn tax-free after five years. Roth IRAs can also be tax-free for an heir, which can make your contributions a form of life insurance for your family. Roth and traditional IRA contribution limits for 2022 are $6,000 for individuals under age 50. Individuals ages 50 and older can contribute an additional $1,000. For 2023, the limit rises to $6,500 and the $1,000 extra for older savers stays at $1,000. You cannot contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022 if you earn more than the individual income limit of $144,000 or. for a couple filing jointly. an income over $214,000. Those ceilings rise for 2023 to $153,000 for individuals and $228,000. ### Fast Fact In 2022, you can contribute up to $6,000 per year to a Roth or traditional IRA. If you’re 50 or older, you can contribute an additional $1,000 per year. In 2023, the limit increases to $6,500 while the $1,000 extra for ages 50 and over stays at $1,000. ## Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA If You Live or Work Abroad? If you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident living or working abroad, you can contribute to a Roth or traditional IRA as long as you meet certain requirements. There are income caps on eligibility for a Roth IRA. ## Earned Income You must have earned income to contribute to a Roth or traditional IRA. To determine if you have enough earned income to contribute to a Roth IRA, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will look at your [modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp). Expats who have income from working in the U.S., whether from a job before they left, business trips to the U.S., or compensation from the U.S. government, usually have earnings that are close to their MAGI.  For MAGI purposes, many expats or citizens living abroad will take the [foreign housing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-housing-exclusion-deduction.asp) and [foreign earned income exclusions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-earned-income-exclusion.asp). These exclusions usually reduce MAGI significantly and could make some ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA. For 2022, the foreign earned income exclusion is on the first $112,000 earned in a foreign country. This increases to $120,000 for 2023. Consult with your tax preparer to see if taking a partial exclusion would be possible or advisable in your situation. ## Can I Withdraw Money From an IRA While Living or Working Abroad? Yes, you can take money out of your Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA) while you’re living or working abroad. The same Roth IRA [withdrawal rules](https://www.investopedia.com/roth-ira-withdrawal-rules-4769951) that apply to people living in the U.S. apply to U.S. citizens or permanent residents living abroad. Standard contributions can be withdrawn from your Roth IRA at any time. Rollover contributions can be withdrawn from your Roth IRA [after five years](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/waitingperiodroth.asp). Gains in your Roth IRA can only be withdrawn without penalty if you’ve held the account for at least five years and you’re age 59½ or older. ## What Is the Annual Deadline to Contribute to a Roth IRA? You can contribute to a [traditional or Roth IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/roth-vs-traditional-ira-which-is-right-for-you/) through the tax filing deadline for that year. In most years, the deadline is April 15, unless that date falls on a holiday or a weekend. ## Can I Contribute to a Spousal IRA While Living or Working Abroad? If you are part of a married couple who file jointly and live abroad and the modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) on your tax return is more than $12,000, you can both contribute up to $6,000 to your individual IRAs for 2022, and $6,500 for 2023. If you're over age 50 you can add $1,000 more in both years. Even if one spouse had zero earned income, the couple can contribute to a [spousal IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spousal-ira.asp). ## The Bottom Line You can contribute to a Roth IRA if you’re a U.S. citizen or permanent resident living or working abroad as long as you have enough earned income after any tax exemptions and you don’t earn more than the earned income limit.  Roth IRAs are a powerful tool to save for retirement and for emergencies in a worst-case scenario. If you don’t yet have one, you may want to strongly consider opening one if you’re eligible.
The Roth individual retirement account (IRA) is the most versatile retirement tool. Contributions can be taken out at any time without penalties if you find yourself in deep financial trouble. The money grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax-free in retirement. You can still contribute to a Roth IRA if you’re living or working abroad, as long as you meet certain criteria. Key Takeaways People living or working abroad can contribute to Roth IRAs the same way as people living in the U.S. If you’re living or working abroad, make sure you have enough earned income after claiming the foreign earned income exclusion to contribute to a Roth IRA.You can still have a spousal IRA if you’re living abroad but don’t have your own earned income, as long as your spouse has enough earned income for both of you to contribute. What Is a Roth IRA? A Roth IRA is a type of retirement savings account that has tax advantages. Unlike the traditional IRA. the money paid into a Roth account is taxable as income for the year in which it is deposited. The money grows tax-free over the years and owes no additional taxes when it is withdrawn after the accountholder is age 59 1/2. Because the income taxes have already been paid, contributions to the account (but not the gains on those contributions) can be withdrawn at any time tax-free, and rollover contributions can be withdrawn tax-free after five years. Roth IRAs can also be tax-free for an heir, which can make your contributions a form of life insurance for your family. Roth and traditional IRA contribution limits for 2022 are $6,000 for individuals under age 50. Individuals ages 50 and older can contribute an additional $1,000. For 2023, the limit rises to $6,500 and the $1,000 extra for older savers stays at $1,000. You cannot contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022 if you earn more than the individual income limit of $144,000 or. for a couple filing jointly. an income over $214,000. Those ceilings rise for 2023 to $153,000 for individuals and $228,000. Fast Fact In 2022, you can contribute up to $6,000 per year to a Roth or traditional IRA. If you’re 50 or older, you can contribute an additional $1,000 per year. In 2023, the limit increases to $6,500 while the $1,000 extra for ages 50 and over stays at $1,000. Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA If You Live or Work Abroad? If you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident living or working abroad, you can contribute to a Roth or traditional IRA as long as you meet certain requirements. There are income caps on eligibility for a Roth IRA. Earned Income You must have earned income to contribute to a Roth or traditional IRA. To determine if you have enough earned income to contribute to a Roth IRA, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will look at your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). Expats who have income from working in the U.S., whether from a job before they left, business trips to the U.S., or compensation from the U.S. government, usually have earnings that are close to their MAGI.  For MAGI purposes, many expats or citizens living abroad will take the foreign housing and foreign earned income exclusions. These exclusions usually reduce MAGI significantly and could make some ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA. For 2022, the foreign earned income exclusion is on the first $112,000 earned in a foreign country. This increases to $120,000 for 2023. Consult with your tax preparer to see if taking a partial exclusion would be possible or advisable in your situation. Can I Withdraw Money From an IRA While Living or Working Abroad? Yes, you can take money out of your Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA) while you’re living or working abroad.The same Roth IRA withdrawal rules that apply to people living in the U.S. apply to U.S. citizens or permanent residents living abroad. Standard contributions can be withdrawn from your Roth IRA at any time. Rollover contributions can be withdrawn from your Roth IRA after five years. Gains in your Roth IRA can only be withdrawn without penalty if you’ve held the account for at least five years and you’re age 59½ or older. What Is the Annual Deadline to Contribute to a Roth IRA? You can contribute to a traditional or Roth IRA through the tax filing deadline for that year. In most years, the deadline is April 15, unless that date falls on a holiday or a weekend. Can I Contribute to a Spousal IRA While Living or Working Abroad? If you are part of a married couple who file jointly and live abroad and the modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) on your tax return is more than $12,000, you can both contribute up to $6,000 to your individual IRAs for 2022, and $6,500 for 2023. If you're over age 50 you can add $1,000 more in both years.Even if one spouse had zero earned income, the couple can contribute to a spousal IRA. The Bottom Line You can contribute to a Roth IRA if you’re a U.S. citizen or permanent resident living or working abroad as long as you have enough earned income after any tax exemptions and you don’t earn more than the earned income limit.  Roth IRAs are a powerful tool to save for retirement and for emergencies in a worst-case scenario. If you don’t yet have one, you may want to strongly consider opening one if you’re eligible.
[ [ "rollover", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rollover.asp" ], [ "modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp" ], [ "foreign housing", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-housing-exclusion-deduction.asp" ], [ "foreign earned income exclusions", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-earned-income-exclusion.asp" ], [ "withdrawal rules", "https://www.investopedia.com/roth-ira-withdrawal-rules-4769951" ], [ "after five years", "https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/waitingperiodroth.asp" ], [ "traditional or Roth IRA", "https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/roth-vs-traditional-ira-which-is-right-for-you/" ], [ "spousal IRA", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spousal-ira.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets-economy/090316/6-countries-produce-most-corn.asp
The World's 6 Biggest Corn Producers
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> More corn is produced than any other grain crop, and for good reason. It is a staple food for many people and helps to feed a growing world population. It's also a major component of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091615/how-invest-farming-without-owning-farm.asp">livestock</a> feed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> According to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usda.asp">United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA)</a> "World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates" report, nations worldwide are projected to produce 1,150.68 million metric tons of corn for the 2022-2023 season and 1,222.77 million metric tons for the 2023-2024 season.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Corn is considered a multipurpose agricultural crop around the globe. It is used in consumer items, industrial products, biofuels, a sweetener in many processed foods, and it's the main ingredient in corn oil, corn starch, and corn syrup. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> It's used to create ethanol fuel, and even the cobs have industrial uses due to their absorbent qualities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Read on for information about the world's major corn-producing nations in the 2021-2022 season. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Corn is the most produced crop in the world.</li><li>It's a cash crop due to its consumption as food and as a component in many types of products.</li><li>The U.S. produces more corn than any other nation.</li><li>Despite the challenges of war, Ukraine continues to be a top corn producer.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1-united-states"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1. United States </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> The U.S. is by far the world's largest producer of corn, with a 2021-2022 production of 382.89 million metric tons. The estimate for 2022-2023 is 348.75 million metric tons.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> The acreage dedicated to planting corn changes from season to season, but in all about 90 million acres of American land are planted with corn each production year. While the nation is an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp">exporter</a> of corn, most corn produced is used for domestic consumption as livestock feed and ethanol production. About 15% was exported in 2021-2022.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-2-china"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 2. China </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> China's 2021-2022 corn production was 272.55 million metric tons. For 2022-2023 the production estimate is 277.20 million metric tons.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> Its corn is used almost exclusively domestically.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> While the country is a major corn producer, the number of acres that Chinese farmers dedicate to corn will likely decline now that the government has ended price supports on domestic corn.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Farmers are expected to switch to higher-value crops such as soybeans. If corn <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/intro-supply-demand.asp">demand</a> remains high while supply dwindles, China could increase the amount of corn that it imports. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-3-brazil"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 3. Brazil </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/050815/fundamentals-how-brazil-makes-its-money.asp">Brazil</a> produced 116 million metric tons of corn in 2021-2022. The USDA projects that it will produce 135 million metric tons in 2022-2023.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> In addition to producing corn, the country is a major producer of many other crops including coffee, sugar, and soybeans. Though it consumes more corn than it exports, it is considered a major exporter of the crop.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-4-argentina"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 4. Argentina </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/082515/argentina-socialist-country.asp">Argentina</a> is a significant corn producer and exporter. Its 2021-2022 corn production was 49.50 million metric tons. For 2022-23, it's estimated that the national production will drop to 34 million metric tons.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> Argentina's domestic corn consumption doesn't amount to much. In fact, of that 49.50 figure, it exported almost 70%, at 34.69 million metric tons.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-5-ukraine"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 5. Ukraine </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Ukraine is another major producer and exporter of corn. In the 2021-2022 season, it produced 42.13 million metric tons. The projection for 2022-2023 is 27 million metric tons. And despite the country's significant challenges due to the continuing war with Russia, it's expected to produce 27.5 million metric tons in 2023-2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> Ukraine exported almost 65% of its corn crop in 2021-2023.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-6-india"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 6. India </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> The list of top producers stays pretty stable from year to year. That said, India is moving up the list slowly but surely. In the 2021-2022 season, it produced 33.73 million metric tons of corn. The USDA estimates that it will produce 36 million metric tons in 2022-2023.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> India is neither a major exporter nor importer of corn.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Some research indicates that maize—what many people call corn—was grown and domesticated more than 8,700 years ago by indigenous inhabitants in the lowland areas of southwestern Mexico.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-about-the-european-union"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> About the European Union </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Data on corn production is not collected for individual nations within the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.asp">European Union (EU)</a>. However, this region of 27 countries deserves an honorable mention as a major corn producer and consumer. For the 2021–2022 season, the EU as a whole could be considered the third-largest corn producer in the world, with 71.52 million metric tons of corn produced. The production projection for 2022-2023 is 52.23 million metric tons.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> At the same time, the EU is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/netimporter.asp">net importer</a> of corn to meet demand (importing 19.74 million metric tons versus exports of 6.03 million metric tons).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-breakdown-of-global-corn-production-in-2021-2022"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Breakdown of Global Corn Production in 2021-2022 </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> Here's a look at how the world's producers of corn ranked, by percentage of global supply.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th>Country/Region </th> <th>Percentage of Global Production</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td>31.52%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td>22.38%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Brazil </td> <td>9.52%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>European Union</td> <td>5.79% </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Argentina</td> <td>4.35% </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>3.46% </td> </tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>2.71% </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td>2.26%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td>1.34% </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Others</td> <td>16.67% </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-can-be-made-with-corn"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Can Be Made With Corn?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Corn can be used to produce a multitude of products, including animal feed, corn starch, sweeteners, corn oil, soups, gravies, soft drinks, chewing gum, glues, sandpaper, and inks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-corn-is-used-for-ethanol-fuel"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Much Corn Is Used for Ethanol Fuel?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>In the U.S., around 45% of all corn production goes to producing ethanol.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-us-states-produce-the-most-corn"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which U.S. States Produce the Most Corn?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>While corn is grown from the Great Plains states to Ohio, the most corn is produced in Illinois and Iowa.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> More corn is grown throughout the entire world than any other grain crop. Its versatility makes it a commodity that goes beyond consumption as a food, as grown. Corn is used to produce an enormous number of other food products, as well as fuel and industrial products. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> The top producers of corn by individual country are the U.S., China, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine, and India. </p></div>
More corn is produced than any other grain crop, and for good reason. It is a staple food for many people and helps to feed a growing world population. It's also a major component of [livestock](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091615/how-invest-farming-without-owning-farm.asp) feed. According to the [United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usda.asp) "World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates" report, nations worldwide are projected to produce 1,150.68 million metric tons of corn for the 2022-2023 season and 1,222.77 million metric tons for the 2023-2024 season. Corn is considered a multipurpose agricultural crop around the globe. It is used in consumer items, industrial products, biofuels, a sweetener in many processed foods, and it's the main ingredient in corn oil, corn starch, and corn syrup. It's used to create ethanol fuel, and even the cobs have industrial uses due to their absorbent qualities. Read on for information about the world's major corn-producing nations in the 2021-2022 season. ### Key Takeaways * Corn is the most produced crop in the world. * It's a cash crop due to its consumption as food and as a component in many types of products. * The U.S. produces more corn than any other nation. * Despite the challenges of war, Ukraine continues to be a top corn producer. ## 1. United States The U.S. is by far the world's largest producer of corn, with a 2021-2022 production of 382.89 million metric tons. The estimate for 2022-2023 is 348.75 million metric tons. The acreage dedicated to planting corn changes from season to season, but in all about 90 million acres of American land are planted with corn each production year. While the nation is an [exporter](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp) of corn, most corn produced is used for domestic consumption as livestock feed and ethanol production. About 15% was exported in 2021-2022. ## 2. China China's 2021-2022 corn production was 272.55 million metric tons. For 2022-2023 the production estimate is 277.20 million metric tons. Its corn is used almost exclusively domestically. While the country is a major corn producer, the number of acres that Chinese farmers dedicate to corn will likely decline now that the government has ended price supports on domestic corn. Farmers are expected to switch to higher-value crops such as soybeans. If corn [demand](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/intro-supply-demand.asp) remains high while supply dwindles, China could increase the amount of corn that it imports. ## 3. Brazil [Brazil](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/050815/fundamentals-how-brazil-makes-its-money.asp) produced 116 million metric tons of corn in 2021-2022. The USDA projects that it will produce 135 million metric tons in 2022-2023. In addition to producing corn, the country is a major producer of many other crops including coffee, sugar, and soybeans. Though it consumes more corn than it exports, it is considered a major exporter of the crop. ## 4. Argentina [Argentina](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/082515/argentina-socialist-country.asp) is a significant corn producer and exporter. Its 2021-2022 corn production was 49.50 million metric tons. For 2022-23, it's estimated that the national production will drop to 34 million metric tons. Argentina's domestic corn consumption doesn't amount to much. In fact, of that 49.50 figure, it exported almost 70%, at 34.69 million metric tons. ## 5. Ukraine Ukraine is another major producer and exporter of corn. In the 2021-2022 season, it produced 42.13 million metric tons. The projection for 2022-2023 is 27 million metric tons. And despite the country's significant challenges due to the continuing war with Russia, it's expected to produce 27.5 million metric tons in 2023-2024. Ukraine exported almost 65% of its corn crop in 2021-2023. ## 6. India The list of top producers stays pretty stable from year to year. That said, India is moving up the list slowly but surely. In the 2021-2022 season, it produced 33.73 million metric tons of corn. The USDA estimates that it will produce 36 million metric tons in 2022-2023. India is neither a major exporter nor importer of corn. ### Some research indicates that maize—what many people call corn—was grown and domesticated more than 8,700 years ago by indigenous inhabitants in the lowland areas of southwestern Mexico. ## About the European Union Data on corn production is not collected for individual nations within the [European Union (EU)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.asp). However, this region of 27 countries deserves an honorable mention as a major corn producer and consumer. For the 2021–2022 season, the EU as a whole could be considered the third-largest corn producer in the world, with 71.52 million metric tons of corn produced. The production projection for 2022-2023 is 52.23 million metric tons. At the same time, the EU is a [net importer](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/netimporter.asp) of corn to meet demand (importing 19.74 million metric tons versus exports of 6.03 million metric tons). ## Breakdown of Global Corn Production in 2021-2022 Here's a look at how the world's producers of corn ranked, by percentage of global supply. | Country/Region | Percentage of Global Production | | --- | --- | | United States | 31.52% | | China | 22.38% | | Brazil | 9.52% | | European Union | 5.79% | | Argentina | 4.35% | | Ukraine | 3.46% | | India | 2.71% | | Mexico | 2.26% | | South Africa | 1.34% | | Others | 16.67% | ## What Can Be Made With Corn? Corn can be used to produce a multitude of products, including animal feed, corn starch, sweeteners, corn oil, soups, gravies, soft drinks, chewing gum, glues, sandpaper, and inks. ## How Much Corn Is Used for Ethanol Fuel? In the U.S., around 45% of all corn production goes to producing ethanol. ## Which U.S. States Produce the Most Corn? While corn is grown from the Great Plains states to Ohio, the most corn is produced in Illinois and Iowa. ## The Bottom Line More corn is grown throughout the entire world than any other grain crop. Its versatility makes it a commodity that goes beyond consumption as a food, as grown. Corn is used to produce an enormous number of other food products, as well as fuel and industrial products. The top producers of corn by individual country are the U.S., China, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine, and India.
More corn is produced than any other grain crop, and for good reason. It is a staple food for many people and helps to feed a growing world population. It's also a major component of livestock feed. According to the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) "World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates" report, nations worldwide are projected to produce 1,150.68 million metric tons of corn for the 2022-2023 season and 1,222.77 million metric tons for the 2023-2024 season. Corn is considered a multipurpose agricultural crop around the globe. It is used in consumer items, industrial products, biofuels, a sweetener in many processed foods, and it's the main ingredient in corn oil, corn starch, and corn syrup. It's used to create ethanol fuel, and even the cobs have industrial uses due to their absorbent qualities. Read on for information about the world's major corn-producing nations in the 2021-2022 season. Key Takeaways Corn is the most produced crop in the world.It's a cash crop due to its consumption as food and as a component in many types of products.The U.S. produces more corn than any other nation.Despite the challenges of war, Ukraine continues to be a top corn producer. 1. United States The U.S. is by far the world's largest producer of corn, with a 2021-2022 production of 382.89 million metric tons. The estimate for 2022-2023 is 348.75 million metric tons. The acreage dedicated to planting corn changes from season to season, but in all about 90 million acres of American land are planted with corn each production year. While the nation is an exporter of corn, most corn produced is used for domestic consumption as livestock feed and ethanol production. About 15% was exported in 2021-2022. 2. China China's 2021-2022 corn production was 272.55 million metric tons. For 2022-2023 the production estimate is 277.20 million metric tons. Its corn is used almost exclusively domestically. While the country is a major corn producer, the number of acres that Chinese farmers dedicate to corn will likely decline now that the government has ended price supports on domestic corn. Farmers are expected to switch to higher-value crops such as soybeans. If corn demand remains high while supply dwindles, China could increase the amount of corn that it imports. 3. Brazil Brazil produced 116 million metric tons of corn in 2021-2022. The USDA projects that it will produce 135 million metric tons in 2022-2023. In addition to producing corn, the country is a major producer of many other crops including coffee, sugar, and soybeans. Though it consumes more corn than it exports, it is considered a major exporter of the crop. 4. Argentina Argentina is a significant corn producer and exporter. Its 2021-2022 corn production was 49.50 million metric tons. For 2022-23, it's estimated that the national production will drop to 34 million metric tons. Argentina's domestic corn consumption doesn't amount to much. In fact, of that 49.50 figure, it exported almost 70%, at 34.69 million metric tons. 5. Ukraine Ukraine is another major producer and exporter of corn. In the 2021-2022 season, it produced 42.13 million metric tons. The projection for 2022-2023 is 27 million metric tons. And despite the country's significant challenges due to the continuing war with Russia, it's expected to produce 27.5 million metric tons in 2023-2024. Ukraine exported almost 65% of its corn crop in 2021-2023. 6. India The list of top producers stays pretty stable from year to year. That said, India is moving up the list slowly but surely. In the 2021-2022 season, it produced 33.73 million metric tons of corn. The USDA estimates that it will produce 36 million metric tons in 2022-2023. India is neither a major exporter nor importer of corn. Some research indicates that maize—what many people call corn—was grown and domesticated more than 8,700 years ago by indigenous inhabitants in the lowland areas of southwestern Mexico. About the European Union Data on corn production is not collected for individual nations within the European Union (EU). However, this region of 27 countries deserves an honorable mention as a major corn producer and consumer. For the 2021–2022 season, the EU as a whole could be considered the third-largest corn producer in the world, with 71.52 million metric tons of corn produced. The production projection for 2022-2023 is 52.23 million metric tons. At the same time, the EU is a net importer of corn to meet demand (importing 19.74 million metric tons versus exports of 6.03 million metric tons). Breakdown of Global Corn Production in 2021-2022 Here's a look at how the world's producers of corn ranked, by percentage of global supply. Country/Region  Percentage of Global Production United States 31.52% China 22.38% Brazil  9.52% European Union 5.79%  Argentina 4.35%  Ukraine 3.46%  India 2.71%  Mexico 2.26% South Africa 1.34%  Others 16.67%  What Can Be Made With Corn? Corn can be used to produce a multitude of products, including animal feed, corn starch, sweeteners, corn oil, soups, gravies, soft drinks, chewing gum, glues, sandpaper, and inks. How Much Corn Is Used for Ethanol Fuel? In the U.S., around 45% of all corn production goes to producing ethanol. Which U.S. States Produce the Most Corn? While corn is grown from the Great Plains states to Ohio, the most corn is produced in Illinois and Iowa. The Bottom Line More corn is grown throughout the entire world than any other grain crop. Its versatility makes it a commodity that goes beyond consumption as a food, as grown. Corn is used to produce an enormous number of other food products, as well as fuel and industrial products. The top producers of corn by individual country are the U.S., China, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine, and India.
[ [ "livestock", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091615/how-invest-farming-without-owning-farm.asp" ], [ "United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usda.asp" ], [ "exporter", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp" ], [ "demand", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/intro-supply-demand.asp" ], [ "Brazil", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/050815/fundamentals-how-brazil-makes-its-money.asp" ], [ "Argentina", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/082515/argentina-socialist-country.asp" ], [ "European Union (EU)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.asp" ], [ "net importer", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/netimporter.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/best-countries-to-retire/
Where To Retire Abroad as a US Resident
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Choosing a place to retire is a crucial decision for any retiree, and in recent years, many U.S. residents have decided to live out their retirement abroad. In fact, over 500,000 beneficiaries collected benefits abroad each year, according to the U.S. Social Security Administration.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="28"></span><br/><br/>For some, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100214/retirement-us-vs-abroad.asp">the main appeal of retirement</a> abroad may be a lower overall cost of living. While retirement abroad requires careful planning about visas, and taxes, staying in the U.S. could mean managing higher costs of living and expensive health care.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> This article outlines some data-based considerations for some of the most popular places you could retire abroad if that's part of your retirement plans. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>Often, retiring abroad can offer U.S. expats lower tax rates, lower housing prices, and lower health care costs.</li> <li>In 2020, the most U.S. expats moved to Mexico, followed by Canada, and then the U.K.</li> <li>Medicare will not follow you outside of the U.S. if you choose to live in a foreign country long-term, but Social Security payments will.</li> <li>Beyond financial considerations, make sure to research a country’s cultural and social norms and to check <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/retirement-abroad.html">visa requirements</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html/">travel advisories</a>, in order to plan a successful retirement abroad.</li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-10-most-popular-countries-for-us-expats"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The 10 Most Popular Countries for US Expats </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Selecting a country to live in can be a difficult task, but many U.S. residents have confronted this challenge and found new homes abroad. If you’re interested in retiring abroad and weighing your options, here are the top 10 most common countries among U.S. expats, according to the latest data from the United Nations Population Division:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="29"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">Top 10 Most Popular Countries for US Expats </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td></td> <td>Country</td> <td>Number of U.S. expats</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td> Mexico</td> <td> 799,248</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 2</td> <td> Canada</td> <td> 273,226</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 3</td> <td> U.K.</td> <td>170,771</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td> Germany</td> <td> 152,639</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 5</td> <td> Australia</td> <td>116,620</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 6</td> <td> Israel</td> <td> 76,794</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 7</td> <td> South Korea</td> <td> 68,050</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 8</td> <td> France</td> <td> 61,668</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 9</td> <td>Japan </td> <td> 58,340</td> </tr> <tr> <td> 10</td> <td>  Spain</td> <td> 57,112</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>Data is from 2020, taken from the UN International Migrant Stock, and the most recent available. Puerto Rico was also a popular place for U.S. expats to move, accepting 159,515 U.S. residents in 2020, but as a U.S. territory, it was excluded from this list of foreign countries. </figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-living-costs-of-the-10-most-popular-countries-for-expats"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Living Costs of the 10 Most Popular Countries for Expats </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> There are many financial factors that you must consider when determining your retirement destination. Some important economic determinants include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <li>Housing prices</li><li>Health care costs</li><li>Personal income tax</li><li>Property tax<br/></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has collected the average financial impact of each factor listed above in countries around the world. The OECD’s selection of countries includes the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats, and this data can help you make critical financial comparisons between countries to decide where to retire.   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Housing Prices </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> In terms of housing costs—the average price of the dwelling itself, not including additional utility or maintenance costs—most of the top countries among U.S. expats demonstrate average prices below the U.S. Canada is the only country from the group with above-average housing prices. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Tg6UK/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Differences In Housing Costs In Nations with Most U.S. Expats"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Canada has the highest average housing prices across the top 10 countries among U.S. expats, but its housing prices are less than 2% greater than average U.S. housing prices. Meanwhile, South Korea, the seventh most popular country among U.S. expats, has the lowest average housing prices, nearly 30% less than the housing prices of the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Minimum property investment is a common factor in visa applications, so choosing whether or not to purchase a residence will be an important financial decision if you plan to apply for a visa. </p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Health Care Costs </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Health care in the U.S. is very expensive compared to the top 10 countries among expats, and health care costs are a common concern for retirees who may require increased care as they age. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> Out of the 10 selected countries, Israel is the only one with more expensive health care than the U.S., but just barely. Out of all 10 countries, Mexico has the lowest average health care costs, which are 60% less than health care prices in the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="40"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/C8lic/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_2-0" title="Differences In Health Care Prices In Nations with Most U.S. Expats"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Medicare will not follow you outside of the U.S. if you choose to live in a foreign country long-term, so health care prices are a common concern for retirees living abroad.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="41"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> The OECD’s health price index accounts for the price of health care goods and services and the quantity of health care, but it does not account for health care quality and system organization.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="42"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> All of the countries on this list of 10 provide <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/universal-coverage.asp">universal healthcare</a> except for Mexico, and for U.S. residents, navigating a new healthcare and health insurance system can be a complicated task.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>If you have specific healthcare needs, make sure to research if your prospective retirement destinations have the specific resources that you need.  </p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Income Taxes </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Income tax is an important consideration for U.S. residents receiving income from tax-deferred retirement plans, such as traditional 401(k)s, 403(b)s, traditional IRAs, and pension plans.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> In the U.S., the income tax rate is 12.5% when compared to GDP. Mexico has the lowest personal income tax rate (3.75%) out of the top 10 countries among U.S. expats, with less than one-third of the income taxes of the United States. Canada has a similar income tax rate to the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="43"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/jorlL/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_3-0" title="Personal Income Tax Rates In Nations With Most U.S. Expats"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_5-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_5-0"><p>In some visa applications, there is a minimum income requirement for residency. Check the visa requirements for the country you move to, in order to make sure you are financially able to reside there.</p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> Good news for retirees: Social Security payments will continue for U.S. residents and U.S. citizens who choose to live in any of the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span> For <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/taxes.html#:~:text=Some%20of%20you%20have%20to,reported%20on%20your%20tax%20return">some people with substantial outside income</a>, U.S. Social Security benefits are taxed as income, and this regulation continues regardless of a beneficiary’s residence in or out of the country.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="34"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> Depending on countries’ specific policies about foreign social security, your Social Security payments may also be taxed by your country of residence as foreign income, as foreign social security is taxed in the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="35"></span>  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-warning" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_6-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_6-0"><p>If you are a U.S. citizen who plans to work part-time while retired abroad, be aware that you may have to pay social security tax to the U.S. and to your country of residence.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="44"></span></p><p><br/></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> Some countries have totalization agreements with the U.S. which allow workers to pay Social Security taxes once, instead of twice. Out of the 10 countries listed in this article, all except for Mexico and Israel have totalization agreements with the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="36"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> If you choose to retire in another country, be sure to check the Social Security Administration website <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ssa.gov/international/payments.html">if you are eligible to receive your Social Security payments there</a>. If you choose to work in another country while retired, check the Social Security Administration website to learn <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ssa.gov/international/agreements_overview.html">if you will have to undergo dual taxation on your Social Security benefits</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> Moreover, if you are a U.S. resident but not a U.S. citizen, the guidelines for receiving Social Security benefits outside of the U.S. may vary by marital status, age, time in the country, or other factors. You should check the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ssa.gov/international/payments.html">Social Security Administration’s specifications</a> for your situation.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Property Taxes </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> Compared to its GDP, the average U.S. property tax rate is 2.9%. Among the countries most popular with U.S. expats, Israel and the United Kingdom have the highest property taxes, at 4% of GDP. Meanwhile, Germany and Mexico have the two lowest property taxes, with tax rates of 1.1% and 0.3% of their GDPs, respectively.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="45"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/r62H9/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_4-0" title="Property Tax Rates In Nations With Most U.S. Expats"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Like with housing prices, property taxes are an important financial consideration when moving abroad. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> Plus, purchasing real estate above a certain minimum can help you attain a visa on certain applications, so property tax can become an important factor when retiring abroad. For example, making a real estate investment above €500,000 in Spain for an investment return period of at least five years can grant you a Spain residence permit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="27"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-best-place-to-retire-abroad"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Best Place to Retire Abroad?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Mexico is the most common residence abroad among people from the U.S. as of 2020.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="29"></span> Mexico’s housing prices are 21% less than the average housing prices in the U.S., and Mexico’s healthcare costs are 60.1% less than that of the U.S. Mexico’s personal income tax, by percentage of GDP, is half that of the global average, and property tax as a percentage of GDP is less than one-sixth of the global average.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="40"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="45"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="43"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> Mexico also allows U.S. citizens to reside in the country for up to 180 days without a visa, and the country’s proximity to the U.S. can make it a convenient destination for retirees with family still living in the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="38"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-where-can-i-retire-outside-the-united-states"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Where Can I Retire Outside the United States?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Where you retire is completely up to you, but some countries are more convenient, affordable, and friendly to U.S. residents than others. The U.S. The Department of State website regularly updates their country-specific <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/retirement-abroad.html">visa requirements</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html/">travel advisories</a>, for those curious about moving to specific countries. Plus, it is helpful to note that the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats in order of most to least popular are: Mexico, Canada, the U.K., Germany, Australia, Israel, South Korea, France, Japan, and Spain.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="29"></span> Many of these countries offer below-average costs of living.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-countries-do-not-tax-us-social-security-benefits"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Countries Do Not Tax U.S. Social Security Benefits?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>For some people with substantial outside income, U.S. Social Security benefits are taxed as income by the U.S. regardless of a beneficiary’s residence in or out of the country.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="39"></span> Depending on countries’ specific policies about foreign social security, your payments may also be taxed by your country of residence as foreign income, as foreign social security is taxed in the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="35"></span> Beyond this group, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100215/5-countries-without-income-taxes.asp">some foreign countries</a> do not have any income tax, and therefore they do not tax U.S. Social Security benefits.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> Retirees may choose to live abroad for a lower cost of living in addition to lifestyle aspirations. If you plan to retire abroad, make sure to research housing prices, health care costs, and tax burdens as you choose your retirement destination. Plus, there are specific Social Security, visa, and tax rules for each country, and understanding these regulations will help you choose the country that best suits your needs and financial situation. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> Beyond financial considerations, retirement abroad is a massive undertaking, and doing comprehensive research is key to planning a successful and sustainable retirement. Plus you may confront language barriers and cultural differences. Considering financial factors in addition to cultural and social ones will help you make a holistic decision that best supports your retirement. </p></div>
Choosing a place to retire is a crucial decision for any retiree, and in recent years, many U.S. residents have decided to live out their retirement abroad. In fact, over 500,000 beneficiaries collected benefits abroad each year, according to the U.S. Social Security Administration. For some, [the main appeal of retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100214/retirement-us-vs-abroad.asp) abroad may be a lower overall cost of living. While retirement abroad requires careful planning about visas, and taxes, staying in the U.S. could mean managing higher costs of living and expensive health care.  This article outlines some data-based considerations for some of the most popular places you could retire abroad if that's part of your retirement plans. ### Key Takeaways * Often, retiring abroad can offer U.S. expats lower tax rates, lower housing prices, and lower health care costs. * In 2020, the most U.S. expats moved to Mexico, followed by Canada, and then the U.K. * Medicare will not follow you outside of the U.S. if you choose to live in a foreign country long-term, but Social Security payments will. * Beyond financial considerations, make sure to research a country’s cultural and social norms and to check [visa requirements](https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/retirement-abroad.html) and [travel advisories](https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html/), in order to plan a successful retirement abroad. ## The 10 Most Popular Countries for US Expats Selecting a country to live in can be a difficult task, but many U.S. residents have confronted this challenge and found new homes abroad. If you’re interested in retiring abroad and weighing your options, here are the top 10 most common countries among U.S. expats, according to the latest data from the United Nations Population Division: | Top 10 Most Popular Countries for US Expats | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | Country | Number of U.S. expats | | 1 | Mexico | 799,248 | | 2 | Canada | 273,226 | | 3 | U.K. | 170,771 | | 4 | Germany | 152,639 | | 5 | Australia | 116,620 | | 6 | Israel | 76,794 | | 7 | South Korea | 68,050 | | 8 | France | 61,668 | | 9 | Japan | 58,340 | | 10 | Spain | 57,112 | Data is from 2020, taken from the UN International Migrant Stock, and the most recent available. Puerto Rico was also a popular place for U.S. expats to move, accepting 159,515 U.S. residents in 2020, but as a U.S. territory, it was excluded from this list of foreign countries. ## Living Costs of the 10 Most Popular Countries for Expats There are many financial factors that you must consider when determining your retirement destination. Some important economic determinants include: * Housing prices * Health care costs * Personal income tax * Property tax The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has collected the average financial impact of each factor listed above in countries around the world. The OECD’s selection of countries includes the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats, and this data can help you make critical financial comparisons between countries to decide where to retire.   ### Housing Prices In terms of housing costs—the average price of the dwelling itself, not including additional utility or maintenance costs—most of the top countries among U.S. expats demonstrate average prices below the U.S. Canada is the only country from the group with above-average housing prices. Canada has the highest average housing prices across the top 10 countries among U.S. expats, but its housing prices are less than 2% greater than average U.S. housing prices. Meanwhile, South Korea, the seventh most popular country among U.S. expats, has the lowest average housing prices, nearly 30% less than the housing prices of the U.S. ### Minimum property investment is a common factor in visa applications, so choosing whether or not to purchase a residence will be an important financial decision if you plan to apply for a visa.  ### Health Care Costs Health care in the U.S. is very expensive compared to the top 10 countries among expats, and health care costs are a common concern for retirees who may require increased care as they age. Out of the 10 selected countries, Israel is the only one with more expensive health care than the U.S., but just barely. Out of all 10 countries, Mexico has the lowest average health care costs, which are 60% less than health care prices in the U.S. ### Medicare will not follow you outside of the U.S. if you choose to live in a foreign country long-term, so health care prices are a common concern for retirees living abroad. The OECD’s health price index accounts for the price of health care goods and services and the quantity of health care, but it does not account for health care quality and system organization. All of the countries on this list of 10 provide [universal healthcare](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/universal-coverage.asp) except for Mexico, and for U.S. residents, navigating a new healthcare and health insurance system can be a complicated task.  ### If you have specific healthcare needs, make sure to research if your prospective retirement destinations have the specific resources that you need.   ### Income Taxes Income tax is an important consideration for U.S. residents receiving income from tax-deferred retirement plans, such as traditional 401(k)s, 403(b)s, traditional IRAs, and pension plans.  In the U.S., the income tax rate is 12.5% when compared to GDP. Mexico has the lowest personal income tax rate (3.75%) out of the top 10 countries among U.S. expats, with less than one-third of the income taxes of the United States. Canada has a similar income tax rate to the U.S. ### In some visa applications, there is a minimum income requirement for residency. Check the visa requirements for the country you move to, in order to make sure you are financially able to reside there. Good news for retirees: Social Security payments will continue for U.S. residents and U.S. citizens who choose to live in any of the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats. For [some people with substantial outside income](https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/taxes.html#:~:text=Some%20of%20you%20have%20to,reported%20on%20your%20tax%20return), U.S. Social Security benefits are taxed as income, and this regulation continues regardless of a beneficiary’s residence in or out of the country. Depending on countries’ specific policies about foreign social security, your Social Security payments may also be taxed by your country of residence as foreign income, as foreign social security is taxed in the U.S.  ### If you are a U.S. citizen who plans to work part-time while retired abroad, be aware that you may have to pay social security tax to the U.S. and to your country of residence. Some countries have totalization agreements with the U.S. which allow workers to pay Social Security taxes once, instead of twice. Out of the 10 countries listed in this article, all except for Mexico and Israel have totalization agreements with the U.S. If you choose to retire in another country, be sure to check the Social Security Administration website [if you are eligible to receive your Social Security payments there](https://www.ssa.gov/international/payments.html). If you choose to work in another country while retired, check the Social Security Administration website to learn [if you will have to undergo dual taxation on your Social Security benefits](https://www.ssa.gov/international/agreements_overview.html). Moreover, if you are a U.S. resident but not a U.S. citizen, the guidelines for receiving Social Security benefits outside of the U.S. may vary by marital status, age, time in the country, or other factors. You should check the [Social Security Administration’s specifications](https://www.ssa.gov/international/payments.html) for your situation.  ### Property Taxes Compared to its GDP, the average U.S. property tax rate is 2.9%. Among the countries most popular with U.S. expats, Israel and the United Kingdom have the highest property taxes, at 4% of GDP. Meanwhile, Germany and Mexico have the two lowest property taxes, with tax rates of 1.1% and 0.3% of their GDPs, respectively. Like with housing prices, property taxes are an important financial consideration when moving abroad. Plus, purchasing real estate above a certain minimum can help you attain a visa on certain applications, so property tax can become an important factor when retiring abroad. For example, making a real estate investment above €500,000 in Spain for an investment return period of at least five years can grant you a Spain residence permit. ## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ## What Is the Best Place to Retire Abroad? Mexico is the most common residence abroad among people from the U.S. as of 2020. Mexico’s housing prices are 21% less than the average housing prices in the U.S., and Mexico’s healthcare costs are 60.1% less than that of the U.S. Mexico’s personal income tax, by percentage of GDP, is half that of the global average, and property tax as a percentage of GDP is less than one-sixth of the global average. Mexico also allows U.S. citizens to reside in the country for up to 180 days without a visa, and the country’s proximity to the U.S. can make it a convenient destination for retirees with family still living in the U.S. ## Where Can I Retire Outside the United States? Where you retire is completely up to you, but some countries are more convenient, affordable, and friendly to U.S. residents than others. The U.S. The Department of State website regularly updates their country-specific [visa requirements](https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/retirement-abroad.html) and [travel advisories](https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html/), for those curious about moving to specific countries. Plus, it is helpful to note that the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats in order of most to least popular are: Mexico, Canada, the U.K., Germany, Australia, Israel, South Korea, France, Japan, and Spain. Many of these countries offer below-average costs of living. ## What Countries Do Not Tax U.S. Social Security Benefits? For some people with substantial outside income, U.S. Social Security benefits are taxed as income by the U.S. regardless of a beneficiary’s residence in or out of the country. Depending on countries’ specific policies about foreign social security, your payments may also be taxed by your country of residence as foreign income, as foreign social security is taxed in the U.S. Beyond this group, [some foreign countries](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100215/5-countries-without-income-taxes.asp) do not have any income tax, and therefore they do not tax U.S. Social Security benefits. ## The Bottom Line Retirees may choose to live abroad for a lower cost of living in addition to lifestyle aspirations. If you plan to retire abroad, make sure to research housing prices, health care costs, and tax burdens as you choose your retirement destination. Plus, there are specific Social Security, visa, and tax rules for each country, and understanding these regulations will help you choose the country that best suits your needs and financial situation. Beyond financial considerations, retirement abroad is a massive undertaking, and doing comprehensive research is key to planning a successful and sustainable retirement. Plus you may confront language barriers and cultural differences. Considering financial factors in addition to cultural and social ones will help you make a holistic decision that best supports your retirement.
Choosing a place to retire is a crucial decision for any retiree, and in recent years, many U.S. residents have decided to live out their retirement abroad. In fact, over 500,000 beneficiaries collected benefits abroad each year, according to the U.S. Social Security Administration.For some, the main appeal of retirement abroad may be a lower overall cost of living. While retirement abroad requires careful planning about visas, and taxes, staying in the U.S. could mean managing higher costs of living and expensive health care.  This article outlines some data-based considerations for some of the most popular places you could retire abroad if that's part of your retirement plans. Key Takeaways Often, retiring abroad can offer U.S. expats lower tax rates, lower housing prices, and lower health care costs. In 2020, the most U.S. expats moved to Mexico, followed by Canada, and then the U.K. Medicare will not follow you outside of the U.S. if you choose to live in a foreign country long-term, but Social Security payments will. Beyond financial considerations, make sure to research a country’s cultural and social norms and to check visa requirements and travel advisories, in order to plan a successful retirement abroad. The 10 Most Popular Countries for US Expats Selecting a country to live in can be a difficult task, but many U.S. residents have confronted this challenge and found new homes abroad. If you’re interested in retiring abroad and weighing your options, here are the top 10 most common countries among U.S. expats, according to the latest data from the United Nations Population Division: Top 10 Most Popular Countries for US Expats Country Number of U.S. expats 1  Mexico  799,248  2  Canada  273,226  3  U.K. 170,771 4  Germany  152,639  5  Australia 116,620  6  Israel  76,794  7  South Korea  68,050  8  France  61,668  9 Japan   58,340  10   Spain  57,112 Data is from 2020, taken from the UN International Migrant Stock, and the most recent available. Puerto Rico was also a popular place for U.S. expats to move, accepting 159,515 U.S. residents in 2020, but as a U.S. territory, it was excluded from this list of foreign countries. Living Costs of the 10 Most Popular Countries for Expats There are many financial factors that you must consider when determining your retirement destination. Some important economic determinants include: Housing pricesHealth care costsPersonal income taxProperty tax The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has collected the average financial impact of each factor listed above in countries around the world. The OECD’s selection of countries includes the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats, and this data can help you make critical financial comparisons between countries to decide where to retire.   Housing Prices In terms of housing costs—the average price of the dwelling itself, not including additional utility or maintenance costs—most of the top countries among U.S. expats demonstrate average prices below the U.S. Canada is the only country from the group with above-average housing prices. Canada has the highest average housing prices across the top 10 countries among U.S. expats, but its housing prices are less than 2% greater than average U.S. housing prices. Meanwhile, South Korea, the seventh most popular country among U.S. expats, has the lowest average housing prices, nearly 30% less than the housing prices of the U.S. Minimum property investment is a common factor in visa applications, so choosing whether or not to purchase a residence will be an important financial decision if you plan to apply for a visa.  Health Care Costs Health care in the U.S. is very expensive compared to the top 10 countries among expats, and health care costs are a common concern for retirees who may require increased care as they age. Out of the 10 selected countries, Israel is the only one with more expensive health care than the U.S., but just barely. Out of all 10 countries, Mexico has the lowest average health care costs, which are 60% less than health care prices in the U.S. Medicare will not follow you outside of the U.S. if you choose to live in a foreign country long-term, so health care prices are a common concern for retirees living abroad. The OECD’s health price index accounts for the price of health care goods and services and the quantity of health care, but it does not account for health care quality and system organization. All of the countries on this list of 10 provide universal healthcare except for Mexico, and for U.S. residents, navigating a new healthcare and health insurance system can be a complicated task.  If you have specific healthcare needs, make sure to research if your prospective retirement destinations have the specific resources that you need.   Income Taxes Income tax is an important consideration for U.S. residents receiving income from tax-deferred retirement plans, such as traditional 401(k)s, 403(b)s, traditional IRAs, and pension plans.  In the U.S., the income tax rate is 12.5% when compared to GDP. Mexico has the lowest personal income tax rate (3.75%) out of the top 10 countries among U.S. expats, with less than one-third of the income taxes of the United States. Canada has a similar income tax rate to the U.S. In some visa applications, there is a minimum income requirement for residency. Check the visa requirements for the country you move to, in order to make sure you are financially able to reside there. Good news for retirees: Social Security payments will continue for U.S. residents and U.S. citizens who choose to live in any of the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats. For some people with substantial outside income, U.S. Social Security benefits are taxed as income, and this regulation continues regardless of a beneficiary’s residence in or out of the country. Depending on countries’ specific policies about foreign social security, your Social Security payments may also be taxed by your country of residence as foreign income, as foreign social security is taxed in the U.S.  If you are a U.S. citizen who plans to work part-time while retired abroad, be aware that you may have to pay social security tax to the U.S. and to your country of residence. Some countries have totalization agreements with the U.S. which allow workers to pay Social Security taxes once, instead of twice. Out of the 10 countries listed in this article, all except for Mexico and Israel have totalization agreements with the U.S. If you choose to retire in another country, be sure to check the Social Security Administration website if you are eligible to receive your Social Security payments there. If you choose to work in another country while retired, check the Social Security Administration website to learn if you will have to undergo dual taxation on your Social Security benefits. Moreover, if you are a U.S. resident but not a U.S. citizen, the guidelines for receiving Social Security benefits outside of the U.S. may vary by marital status, age, time in the country, or other factors. You should check the Social Security Administration’s specifications for your situation.  Property Taxes Compared to its GDP, the average U.S. property tax rate is 2.9%. Among the countries most popular with U.S. expats, Israel and the United Kingdom have the highest property taxes, at 4% of GDP. Meanwhile, Germany and Mexico have the two lowest property taxes, with tax rates of 1.1% and 0.3% of their GDPs, respectively. Like with housing prices, property taxes are an important financial consideration when moving abroad. Plus, purchasing real estate above a certain minimum can help you attain a visa on certain applications, so property tax can become an important factor when retiring abroad. For example, making a real estate investment above €500,000 in Spain for an investment return period of at least five years can grant you a Spain residence permit. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) What Is the Best Place to Retire Abroad? Mexico is the most common residence abroad among people from the U.S. as of 2020. Mexico’s housing prices are 21% less than the average housing prices in the U.S., and Mexico’s healthcare costs are 60.1% less than that of the U.S. Mexico’s personal income tax, by percentage of GDP, is half that of the global average, and property tax as a percentage of GDP is less than one-sixth of the global average. Mexico also allows U.S. citizens to reside in the country for up to 180 days without a visa, and the country’s proximity to the U.S. can make it a convenient destination for retirees with family still living in the U.S. Where Can I Retire Outside the United States? Where you retire is completely up to you, but some countries are more convenient, affordable, and friendly to U.S. residents than others. The U.S. The Department of State website regularly updates their country-specific visa requirements and travel advisories, for those curious about moving to specific countries. Plus, it is helpful to note that the top 10 most popular countries among U.S. expats in order of most to least popular are: Mexico, Canada, the U.K., Germany, Australia, Israel, South Korea, France, Japan, and Spain. Many of these countries offer below-average costs of living. What Countries Do Not Tax U.S. Social Security Benefits? For some people with substantial outside income, U.S. Social Security benefits are taxed as income by the U.S. regardless of a beneficiary’s residence in or out of the country. Depending on countries’ specific policies about foreign social security, your payments may also be taxed by your country of residence as foreign income, as foreign social security is taxed in the U.S. Beyond this group, some foreign countries do not have any income tax, and therefore they do not tax U.S. Social Security benefits. The Bottom Line Retirees may choose to live abroad for a lower cost of living in addition to lifestyle aspirations. If you plan to retire abroad, make sure to research housing prices, health care costs, and tax burdens as you choose your retirement destination. Plus, there are specific Social Security, visa, and tax rules for each country, and understanding these regulations will help you choose the country that best suits your needs and financial situation. Beyond financial considerations, retirement abroad is a massive undertaking, and doing comprehensive research is key to planning a successful and sustainable retirement. Plus you may confront language barriers and cultural differences. Considering financial factors in addition to cultural and social ones will help you make a holistic decision that best supports your retirement.
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https://www.investopedia.com/stanley-druckenmiller-bet-on-biotech-financial-services-in-q1-trimmed-nvidia-stake-8649343
Stanley Druckenmiller Bet On Biotech, Financial Services in Q1, Trimmed Nvidia Stake
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller added more than three dozen new positions to his portfolio in the first quarter, including Apple, Reddit, and a number of biotech and financial services companies.</li><li>He also sold about 900,000 shares of Nvidia in the first months of the year.</li><li>Druckenmiller made big additions to his stakes in ZoomInfo Technologies, Natera, and Flex.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller's Duquesne Family Office took on new positions in Apple Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AAPL">AAPL</a>), Reddit Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=RDDT">RDDT</a>), and a range of biotech and financial services companies in the first quarter of the year, according to a recent 13-F filing.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-apple-reddit-are-notable-names-among-dozens-of-new-positions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Apple, Reddit Are Notable Names Among Dozens of New Positions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Druckenmiller took a very active approach in the first months of the year, entering more than three dozen new positions. His bets on Apple and Reddit are most noteworthy because of the attention investors pay to the companies themselves, though the size of each position is relatively small. Druckenmiller ended the quarter with almost 115,000 shares of Apple and 175,000 shares of Reddit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Large new holdings for Druckenmiller include semiconductor maker Coherent Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=COHR">COHR</a>) with about 2.5 million shares; energy infrastructure firm Kinder Morgan Inc. (<a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=KMI">KMI</a>) with roughly 3.88 million shares; scoreboard and LED sign maker Daktronics Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DAKT">DAKT</a>) with 2.07 million shares; and Cinemark Holdings Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CNK">CNK</a>) with 1.07 million shares.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Druckenmiller added a number of biotech firms to his portfolio this last quarter, with new investments in Bicycle Therapeutics PLC (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BCYC">BCYC</a>), Cabaletta Bio Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CABA">CABA</a>), Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CRNX">CRNX</a>), Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FUSN">FUSN</a>), and Sana Biotechnology Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SANA">SANA</a>), among others.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Another batch of new positions lies within the financial services sector. Druckenmiller added stakes in Barclays PLC (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BCS">BCS</a>), Capital One Financial Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=COF">COF</a>), Citigroup Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=C">C</a>), Discover Financial Services (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DFS">DFS</a>), and KeyCorp (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=KEY">KEY</a>) all in the first three months of the year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> The KeyCorp position was 1.66 million shares. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Other notable new additions to Druckenmiller's portfolio included Stellantis (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=STLA">STLA</a>) and Palantir Technologies (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PLTR">PLTR</a>), as well as a small positions in Meta Platforms (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=META">META</a>). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-padding-up-existing-positions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Padding Up Existing Positions. </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> The billionaire protégé of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/soros.asp">George Soros</a> made significant additions to a number of prior positions in his portfolio. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Most notably, he added nearly 5 million shares of database software company ZoomInfo Technologies Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ZI">ZI</a>), more than 1 million shares of genetic testing firm Natera Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NTRA">NTRA</a>), and about 2.8 million shares of electronics maker Flex Ltd. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FLEX">FLEX</a>).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> He also added to his positions in Marvell Technologies (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MRVL">MRVL</a>) and Freeport-Mcmoran (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FCX">FCX</a>).<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-nvidia-eli-lilly-stakes-trimmed-draftkings-warby-parker-sold"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Nvidia, Eli Lilly Stakes Trimmed; DraftKings, Warby Parker Sold </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Duquesne Family Office adjusted the size of many of its preexisting holdings in the first quarter. Notably, Druckenmiller trimmed his position in Nvidia Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVDA">NVDA</a>) by about 900,000 shares, ending March with about 176,000 shares. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Earlier this month, he told CNBC about paring his Nvidia position as felt that the AI trend was "a little overhyped now, but underhyped long term."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Duquesne also sold off almost 483,000 shares of uranium producer Cameco Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CCJ">CCJ</a>), and large portions of his stakes in Option Care Health Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=OPCH">OPCH</a>) and Eli Lilly (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=LLY">LLY</a>), among others.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Druckenmiller's exits for the quarter include DraftKings Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DKNG">DKNG</a>), Warby Parker Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=WRBY">WRBY</a>), and mining outfits Barrick Gold Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GOLD">GOLD</a>) and Newmont Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NEM">NEM</a>).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> He also entirely sold off the small positions he held in Adobe (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ADBE">ADBE</a>) , Chevron (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CVX">CVX</a>), UBS (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=UBS">UBS</a>) and Charles Schwab (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="8" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SCHW">SCHW</a>). </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller added more than three dozen new positions to his portfolio in the first quarter, including Apple, Reddit, and a number of biotech and financial services companies. * He also sold about 900,000 shares of Nvidia in the first months of the year. * Druckenmiller made big additions to his stakes in ZoomInfo Technologies, Natera, and Flex. Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller's Duquesne Family Office took on new positions in Apple Inc. ([AAPL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AAPL)), Reddit Inc. ([RDDT](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=RDDT)), and a range of biotech and financial services companies in the first quarter of the year, according to a recent 13-F filing. ## Apple, Reddit Are Notable Names Among Dozens of New Positions Druckenmiller took a very active approach in the first months of the year, entering more than three dozen new positions. His bets on Apple and Reddit are most noteworthy because of the attention investors pay to the companies themselves, though the size of each position is relatively small. Druckenmiller ended the quarter with almost 115,000 shares of Apple and 175,000 shares of Reddit. Large new holdings for Druckenmiller include semiconductor maker Coherent Corp. ([COHR](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=COHR)) with about 2.5 million shares; energy infrastructure firm Kinder Morgan Inc. ([KMI](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=KMI)) with roughly 3.88 million shares; scoreboard and LED sign maker Daktronics Inc. ([DAKT](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DAKT)) with 2.07 million shares; and Cinemark Holdings Inc. ([CNK](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CNK)) with 1.07 million shares. Druckenmiller added a number of biotech firms to his portfolio this last quarter, with new investments in Bicycle Therapeutics PLC ([BCYC](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BCYC)), Cabaletta Bio Inc. ([CABA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CABA)), Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Inc. ([CRNX](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CRNX)), Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. ([FUSN](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FUSN)), and Sana Biotechnology Inc. ([SANA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SANA)), among others. Another batch of new positions lies within the financial services sector. Druckenmiller added stakes in Barclays PLC ([BCS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BCS)), Capital One Financial Corp. ([COF](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=COF)), Citigroup Inc. ([C](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=C)), Discover Financial Services ([DFS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DFS)), and KeyCorp ([KEY](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=KEY)) all in the first three months of the year. The KeyCorp position was 1.66 million shares. Other notable new additions to Druckenmiller's portfolio included Stellantis ([STLA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=STLA)) and Palantir Technologies ([PLTR](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PLTR)), as well as a small positions in Meta Platforms ([META](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=META)). ## Padding Up Existing Positions. The billionaire protégé of [George Soros](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/soros.asp) made significant additions to a number of prior positions in his portfolio. Most notably, he added nearly 5 million shares of database software company ZoomInfo Technologies Inc. ([ZI](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ZI)), more than 1 million shares of genetic testing firm Natera Inc. ([NTRA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NTRA)), and about 2.8 million shares of electronics maker Flex Ltd. ([FLEX](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FLEX)). He also added to his positions in Marvell Technologies ([MRVL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MRVL)) and Freeport-Mcmoran ([FCX](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FCX)). ## Nvidia, Eli Lilly Stakes Trimmed; DraftKings, Warby Parker Sold Duquesne Family Office adjusted the size of many of its preexisting holdings in the first quarter. Notably, Druckenmiller trimmed his position in Nvidia Corp. ([NVDA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVDA)) by about 900,000 shares, ending March with about 176,000 shares. Earlier this month, he told CNBC about paring his Nvidia position as felt that the AI trend was "a little overhyped now, but underhyped long term." Duquesne also sold off almost 483,000 shares of uranium producer Cameco Corp. ([CCJ](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CCJ)), and large portions of his stakes in Option Care Health Inc. ([OPCH](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=OPCH)) and Eli Lilly ([LLY](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=LLY)), among others. Druckenmiller's exits for the quarter include DraftKings Inc. ([DKNG](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DKNG)), Warby Parker Inc. ([WRBY](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=WRBY)), and mining outfits Barrick Gold Corp. ([GOLD](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GOLD)) and Newmont Corp. ([NEM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NEM)). He also entirely sold off the small positions he held in Adobe ([ADBE](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ADBE)) , Chevron ([CVX](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CVX)), UBS ([UBS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=UBS)) and Charles Schwab ([SCHW](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SCHW)). Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller added more than three dozen new positions to his portfolio in the first quarter, including Apple, Reddit, and a number of biotech and financial services companies.He also sold about 900,000 shares of Nvidia in the first months of the year.Druckenmiller made big additions to his stakes in ZoomInfo Technologies, Natera, and Flex. Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller's Duquesne Family Office took on new positions in Apple Inc. (AAPL), Reddit Inc. (RDDT), and a range of biotech and financial services companies in the first quarter of the year, according to a recent 13-F filing. Apple, Reddit Are Notable Names Among Dozens of New Positions Druckenmiller took a very active approach in the first months of the year, entering more than three dozen new positions. His bets on Apple and Reddit are most noteworthy because of the attention investors pay to the companies themselves, though the size of each position is relatively small. Druckenmiller ended the quarter with almost 115,000 shares of Apple and 175,000 shares of Reddit. Large new holdings for Druckenmiller include semiconductor maker Coherent Corp. (COHR) with about 2.5 million shares; energy infrastructure firm Kinder Morgan Inc. (KMI) with roughly 3.88 million shares; scoreboard and LED sign maker Daktronics Inc. (DAKT) with 2.07 million shares; and Cinemark Holdings Inc. (CNK) with 1.07 million shares. Druckenmiller added a number of biotech firms to his portfolio this last quarter, with new investments in Bicycle Therapeutics PLC (BCYC), Cabaletta Bio Inc. (CABA), Crinetics Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CRNX), Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (FUSN), and Sana Biotechnology Inc. (SANA), among others. Another batch of new positions lies within the financial services sector. Druckenmiller added stakes in Barclays PLC (BCS), Capital One Financial Corp. (COF), Citigroup Inc. (C), Discover Financial Services (DFS), and KeyCorp (KEY) all in the first three months of the year. The KeyCorp position was 1.66 million shares. Other notable new additions to Druckenmiller's portfolio included Stellantis (STLA) and Palantir Technologies (PLTR), as well as a small positions in Meta Platforms (META). Padding Up Existing Positions. The billionaire protégé of George Soros made significant additions to a number of prior positions in his portfolio. Most notably, he added nearly 5 million shares of database software company ZoomInfo Technologies Inc. (ZI), more than 1 million shares of genetic testing firm Natera Inc. (NTRA), and about 2.8 million shares of electronics maker Flex Ltd. (FLEX). He also added to his positions in Marvell Technologies (MRVL) and Freeport-Mcmoran (FCX). Nvidia, Eli Lilly Stakes Trimmed; DraftKings, Warby Parker Sold Duquesne Family Office adjusted the size of many of its preexisting holdings in the first quarter. Notably, Druckenmiller trimmed his position in Nvidia Corp. (NVDA) by about 900,000 shares, ending March with about 176,000 shares. Earlier this month, he told CNBC about paring his Nvidia position as felt that the AI trend was "a little overhyped now, but underhyped long term." Duquesne also sold off almost 483,000 shares of uranium producer Cameco Corp. (CCJ), and large portions of his stakes in Option Care Health Inc. (OPCH) and Eli Lilly (LLY), among others. Druckenmiller's exits for the quarter include DraftKings Inc. (DKNG), Warby Parker Inc. (WRBY), and mining outfits Barrick Gold Corp. (GOLD) and Newmont Corp. (NEM). He also entirely sold off the small positions he held in Adobe (ADBE) , Chevron (CVX), UBS (UBS) and Charles Schwab (SCHW). Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "AAPL", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AAPL" ], [ "RDDT", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=RDDT" ], [ "COHR", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=COHR" ], [ "KMI", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=KMI" ], [ "DAKT", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DAKT" ], [ "CNK", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CNK" ], [ "BCYC", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BCYC" ], [ "CABA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CABA" ], [ "CRNX", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CRNX" ], [ "FUSN", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FUSN" ], [ "SANA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SANA" ], [ "BCS", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BCS" ], [ "COF", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=COF" ], [ "C", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=C" ], [ "DFS", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DFS" ], [ "KEY", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=KEY" ], [ "STLA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=STLA" ], [ "PLTR", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PLTR" ], [ "META", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=META" ], [ "George Soros", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/soros.asp" ], [ "ZI", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ZI" ], [ "NTRA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NTRA" ], [ "FLEX", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FLEX" ], [ "MRVL", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MRVL" ], [ "FCX", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FCX" ], [ "NVDA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVDA" ], [ "CCJ", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CCJ" ], [ "OPCH", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=OPCH" ], [ "LLY", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=LLY" ], [ "DKNG", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DKNG" ], [ "WRBY", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=WRBY" ], [ "GOLD", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GOLD" ], [ "NEM", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NEM" ], [ "ADBE", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ADBE" ], [ "CVX", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CVX" ], [ "UBS", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=UBS" ], [ "SCHW", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SCHW" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/penfed-auto-loans-review-7853548
PenFed Auto Loans Review 2024
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="star-icon"><svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg></symbol> </defs> </svg> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base" id="product-review-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-appear article-container article-intro mntl-block" id="article-intro_1-0"> <div class="comp product-card" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="product-card" id="product-card_1-0" style="--imgWidth: 233px"> <div class="product-card__content"> <div class="product-card__intro expert-content"> <figure class="comp figure-article figure-2x1 upscaleImg product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="product-card__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="PenFed logo" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhEAAEAPQAAAApTQkgQgErVQAtVwAuVgAuVwcuUQEuWgMsWwCazACi5gCm5ACn5ACj6d/z+uz///T///b///r6+vj/+/j///r////9+v/++v/9/f79///9/v/+/P7+/v7////+/////ywAAAAAEAAEAEQIPQA/BADwoaDBgwYJDPiQwGAHDR4sfKAQocIHAgQMPPjA4UMBAhggNFAwYYOCiwwWfJDgIAOCCxcPCODgISAAOw==')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="PenFed logo" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_1-0"> <svg class="icon icon-camera figure-article-caption-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-camera" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">PenFed logo.</span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article figure-2x1 upscaleImg product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp product-card__rating card-rating--finance product-rating" id="product-card__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia’s Rating </span> <div alt="4.3 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_1-0"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.3</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_1-0" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_1-0);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp product-card__rating card-rating--finance product-rating --> <div class="comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="product-card__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425" id="commerce-button_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Apply Now</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <strong>Our Take</strong> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-1"> Although credit union membership is required to qualify for a PenFed auto loan, PenFed makes it easy to join, and it's well worth the effort. PenFed offers competitive rates, valuable benefits, and cash-back discounts, so it may be a good choice for financing your next vehicle.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block" data-click-action="Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="Full Product Review"> <ul class="tabbed-sc-block__tabs"> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Pros and Cons</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="2"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Key Takeaways</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="3"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Company Overview</span></li> </ul> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros and Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-3"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>High loan maximum</p></li> <li><p>Added coverage and protection options</p></li> <li><p>Better-than-average rates</p></li> <li><p>Cash-back offers from select manufacturers</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Credit union membership required</p></li> <li><p>Stricter vehicle restrictions for longer terms</p></li> <li><p>Must use car-buying service for lowest rates</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Key Takeaways</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="2"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-5"> <li>PenFed's membership is open to the public; you can join by opening a savings account with a $5 initial deposit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li><li>PenFed offers loans for new and used vehicle purchases, as well as auto loan refinancing.</li><li>PenFed’s loan terms range from three to seven years. </li><li>Borrowers can pre-qualify and view their loan options without damaging their credit.</li><li>PenFed doesn't charge application fees or prepayment penalties.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Company Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="3"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-7"> PenFed Credit Union is the third-largest credit union in the country based on asset size.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> It was established in 1935 and today, it serves 2.9 million members worldwide. The credit union offers a range of banking products and lending services, including credit cards, mortgages, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-car-loans-work-5202265">auto loans</a>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-8"> Unlike many credit unions, which offer membership to select groups, PenFed is not restrictive. Anyone can join; you just have to open a new savings account, which you’ll be prompted to do as you apply for a loan.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-9"> PenFed's auto loans and car-buying services are available in all 50 states, along with Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The credit union has a strong reputation for customer service, and reviews about the lender are typically positive. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block--product-spec-tool mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-tool mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-10"> <div class="comp product-spec-tool definition-list" id="product-spec-tool_1-0"> <ul class="definition-list__container"> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Loan Types Offered</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-0"> New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, lease buyout </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">New APR Range</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-1"> 4.74%–17.99% </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">New Loan Amounts</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-2"> $500–$150,000 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Used APR Range</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-3"> 6.19%–17.99% </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Used Loan Amounts</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-4"> $500–$150,000 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Refinance APR Range</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-5"> 4.74% and up </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Refinance Loan Amounts</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-6"> Up to $150,000 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Recommended Min. Credit Score</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-7"> Not disclosed </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Max. Accepted Mileage</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-8"> 125,000 miles </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Max. Accepted Age</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-9"> None </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Max. Accepted Loan-to-Value Ratio</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-10"> 125% </span> </span> </li> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp product-spec-tool definition-list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block--product-spec-tool mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-tool mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-card --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-appear article-container article-intro mntl-block --> <div class="loc body-content article-container"> <div class="comp article-body article-content mntl-block" id="article-content_1-0"> <div class="comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block" id="product-review__left-nav_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__product-container_1-0"> <figure class="comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="sticky-toc-widget__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="PenFed logo" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhEAAEAPQAAAApTQkgQgErVQAtVwAuVgAuVwcuUQEuWgMsWwCazACi5gCm5ACn5ACj6d/z+uz///T///b///r6+vj/+/j///r////9+v/++v/9/f79///9/v/+/P7+/v7////+/////ywAAAAAEAAEAEQIPQA/BADwoaDBgwYJDPiQwGAHDR4sfKAQocIHAgQMPPjA4UMBAhggNFAwYYOCiwwWfJDgIAOCCxcPCODgISAAOw==')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="PenFed logo" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_2-0"> <svg class="icon icon-camera figure-article-caption-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-camera" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">PenFed logo.</span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__rating product-rating" id="sticky-toc-widget__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> overall rating </span> <div alt="4.3 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_1-0-1"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.3</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_1-0-1" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#d17000"></stop> <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_1-0-1);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__rating product-rating --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425" id="commerce-button_2-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Apply Now</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="sticky-toc-widget__toc_3-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_3-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_5-0"> Table of Contents</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_3-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="View All" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_3-0"> View All</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-PenFed Auto Loans Review 2024" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_6-0"> PenFed Auto Loans Review 2024</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_3-0"> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Pros Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-pros-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Pros Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Cons Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-cons-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Cons Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Types of Auto Loans" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-types-of-auto-loans-offered-by-penfed" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Types of Auto Loans</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Time to Receive Funds" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-time-to-receive-funds" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Time to Receive Funds</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Borrower Requirements" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-borrower-requirements" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Borrower Requirements</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Vehicle Requirements" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-vehicle-requirements" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-5" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Vehicle Requirements</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-6"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Auto Loan Features" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-penfed-auto-loan-features" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-6" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Auto Loan Features</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-7"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-7"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Service" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-customer-service" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-7" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Service</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-8"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-8"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Satisfaction" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-customer-satisfaction" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-8" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Satisfaction</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-9"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-9"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-How to Apply" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-to-apply-for-a-penfed-credit-union-auto-loan" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-9" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">How to Apply</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-10"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-10"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Alternatives" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-alternatives-to-penfed" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-10" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Alternatives</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-11"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-11"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Final Verdict" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-final-verdict" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-11" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Final Verdict</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-12"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-12"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-methodology" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-12" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__content_1-0"> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"> <p>See our picks for the best auto loans in a variety of categories:</p> <ul> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394">Best Auto Loan Rates</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-used-car-loans-7373705">Best Used Car Loans</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-refinance-loans-5069118">Best Auto Refinance Loans</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-bad-credit-7372351">Best Car Loans for Bad Credit</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loans-for-fair-credit-7486579">Best Car Loans for Fair Credit</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-first-time-buyers-7373461">Best Car Loans for First Time Buyers</a></li> </ul></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-1"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-2"> <li><strong>High loan maximum:</strong> Although some lenders cap auto loans at $100,000, PenFed has a higher limit. You can finance up to $150,000, which allows you to buy higher-end vehicles.</li> <li><strong>Added coverage and protection options:</strong> You can purchase additional protection for your vehicle through PenFed, such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gapinsurance.asp">guaranteed asset protection (GAP) coverage</a> and vehicle protection plans. </li> <li><strong>Better-than-average rates:</strong> As a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-unions-vs-banks-4590218">credit union</a>, PenFed tends to have lower fees and better rates than banks and traditional auto lenders.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></li> <li><strong>Cash-back offers from select manufacturers:</strong> Members of the credit union can qualify for additional savings through PenFed's car buying service, powered by TrueCar. Select car manufacturers provide members with special discounts or cash-back offers, such as $2,000 cash back when purchasing specific makes and models.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cons-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-3"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Cons Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-4"> <li><strong>Credit union membership required:</strong> Before you can take out a loan with PenFed, you must join the credit union. PenFed's membership application process is simpler than that of other credit unions, but it still requires extra steps. </li><li><strong>Stricter vehicle restrictions for longer terms:</strong> If you want to take advantage of a longer loan term, such as 61 to 84 months, PenFed has a higher loan minimum. The minimum loan amount for a loan term between 61 and 72 months is $15,000, and the minimum is $20,000 for terms of 73 to 84 months. </li><li><strong>Must use car buying service for lowest rates:</strong> PenFed's rates are quite competitive. But to qualify for the lowest advertised rates, you must use its car-buying service. If you buy a car on your own, you'll pay a slightly higher rate.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span><br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-whatyouneedtoknow mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0-1"> <p>Credit unions are the most abundant type of auto loan lenders, outpacing banks and manufacturer-owned lenders.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-whatyouneedtoknow mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-auto-loans-offered-by-penfed"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-6"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Auto Loans Offered by PenFed </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-7"> PenFed allows borrowers to take out loans for new or used cars, and you can purchase a vehicle from a dealership or private party.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-8"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> New Auto Loans </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-9"> <li><strong>APR:</strong> 4.74%–17.99%</li><li><strong>Loan amounts:</strong> $500–$150,000</li><li><strong>Loan terms:</strong> 36–84 months</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-10"> PenFed's lowest rates on new car loans are reserved for borrowers that use its car-buying service, powered by TrueCar. If you get a loan from PenFed but you buy a car outside of that platform, you'll pay a higher rate.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-11"> PenFed allows you to finance up to $150,000 or 125% of the purchase price, whichever is less.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-12"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Used Auto Loans </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-13"> <li><strong>APR:</strong> 6.19%–17.99%</li><li><strong>Loan amounts:</strong> $500–$150,000</li><li><strong>Loan terms:</strong> 36–84 months</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-14"> Higher rates apply to used car loans, and once again the best rates are limited to customers that use PenFed's car buying service.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-15"> Customers buying a used vehicle who want an 84-month loan term must select a car that is five years old or newer and has fewer than 60,000 miles.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-16"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Refinance Auto Loans </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-17"> <li><strong>APR:</strong> As low as 4.74%</li><li><strong>Loan amounts:</strong> $500–$150,000</li><li><strong>Loan terms:</strong> 36–84 months</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-18"> For <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-refinance-loans-5069118">auto loan refinancing</a>, PenFed considers recently manufactured vehicles with fewer than 7,501 miles to be new cars. All other vehicles are considered pre-owned and are subject to higher rates.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><br/> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-19"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0-2"> <p>Use our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/car-loan-calculator-5084761">auto loan payment and interest calculator</a> to find out how much your monthly payment will be based on your new car's purchase price, down payment, repayment term, and interest rate.</p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-time-to-receive-funds"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-20"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Time to Receive Funds </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-21"> After you've selected a vehicle, submitted a loan application, and been approved, you must sign the loan agreement. Once you return the signed agreement, PenFed will issue you the loan funds via check.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-22"> PenFed mails auto loan checks made payable to the dealership or the private seller, and it can take five to ten days to receive the check.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> This is quite a bit longer than some other lenders, who may disburse the loan funds the same day you’re approved. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-borrower-requirements"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-23"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Borrower Requirements </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-24"> <li><strong>Minimum recommended credit score: </strong>Not disclosed</li><li><strong>State availability:</strong> PenFed's auto loans are available nationwide, including Washington, D.C., and U.S. territories.</li><li><strong>Membership requirements: </strong>PenFed requires borrowers to join the credit union before qualifying for a loan. You can join by opening a new savings account and depositing at least $5 in the account.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-vehicle-requirements"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-25"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Vehicle Requirements </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-26"> <li><strong>Maximum accepted mileage:</strong> 125,000</li><li><strong>Maximum loan-to-value ratio:</strong> Up to 125% in the U.S. (a maximum of 110% in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands)</li><li><strong>Maximum accepted age:</strong> No maximum</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-penfed-auto-loan-features"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-27"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> PenFed Auto Loan Features </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-28"> <li><strong>Origination fee:</strong> PenFed does not charge origination fees. </li> <li><strong>Prepayment fee:</strong> There are no prepayment penalties, so there's no downside to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-happens-early-loan-payoff-7505190">paying off an auto loan</a> from PenFed early.</li> <li><strong>Discounts:</strong> Lower interest rates are available to borrowers who use the TrueCar service. </li> <li><strong>Rebates:</strong> Some of PenFed's partner manufacturers, including Audi and Dodge, offer cash bonuses to those who have been a member for 60 days or more and complete a new or used vehicle purchase.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></li> <li><strong>Pays creditors directly for refinance loans:</strong> PenFed does not issue direct creditor payments; instead, it will mail you a check made out to the financial institution that holds the loan.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></li> <li><strong>Can change due date:</strong> PenFed allows members to change their payment due dates. </li> <li><strong>Car-buying service:</strong> PenFed's car-buying service is powered by TrueCar, and customers can buy new or used cars through the platform. </li> <li><strong>Partner dealerships:</strong> PenFed doesn't have partner dealerships. However, it does have partnerships with some vehicle manufacturers that offer cash-back bonuses to qualifying members. </li> <li><strong>First-time car buyer program:</strong> PenFed doesn't operate a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-first-time-buyers-7373461">first-time car buyer</a> program. </li> <li><strong>Mobile app:</strong> The PenFed mobile app is available through the App Store and Google Play. You can make payments, view statements, and manage your profile through the app.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-29"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Co-Signers and Co-Applicants </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-30"> If you don't qualify for a loan because of your credit history or your income, you can apply for a PenFed auto loan with a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co_borrowers.asp">co-borrower</a>. If you add someone with good credit and a steady income, you may improve your chances of getting a loan and qualifying for a competitive rate.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-31"> PenFed does not allow co-signers, only co-borrowers; co-borrowers share equal responsibility for the loan and own the vehicle equally, unlike co-signers. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-service"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-32"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Service </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-33"> You can reach PenFed's customer support team via phone, or you can send a secure message through the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://home.penfed.org/help/s/contact-us?language=en_US&amp;tabset-9d043=70065" rel="sponsored nofollow">contact form on its website</a>.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-satisfaction"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-34"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Satisfaction </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-35"> Although PenFed wasn't included in J.D. Power’s 2023 U.S. Consumer Auto Financing Study or 2022 U.S. Dealer Satisfaction Study, PenFed generally has positive reviews from customers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> PenFed auto loan reviews praise the lender's reasonable rates, helpful customer service, and user-friendly loan application.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-apply-for-a-penfed-credit-union-auto-loan"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-36"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Apply for a PenFed Credit Union Auto Loan </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-37"> Follow these steps to apply for a loan from PenFed: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-38"> <li><strong>Submit the pre-qualification form: </strong>The form will prompt you to enter your name, address, income, and employment information. Because the form only uses a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soft-inquiry.asp">soft credit inquiry</a>, pre-qualifying allows you to view potential rates and get an idea of how much you can borrow without affecting your credit score. </li> <li><strong>Find the perfect car: </strong>You can use PenFed's car buying service, purchase a car through a local dealer, or find a vehicle from a private party. </li> <li><strong>Fill out the loan application: </strong>Once you find the car you want, you must fill out a full credit application and consent to a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-inquiry.asp">hard credit check</a>. If you're approved, PenFed will send you a loan agreement to review and sign. </li> <li><strong>Wait for the check: </strong>PenFed doesn't issue checks directly to vehicle sellers. Instead, it sends you the check through the mail, and the check is made payable to the seller. It can take several days to arrive, so make sure the seller is aware they may not receive payment right away.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></li> </ol><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-alternatives-to-penfed"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-39"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Alternatives to PenFed </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="table-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-40"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th><b><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425" rel="sponsored nofollow">PenFed</a></b></th> <th><b><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="pub_param_1=${DOC_ID}&amp;pub_param_2=${REQUEST_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.bestmoney.com/car-loans/investopedia?utm_source=investopedia&amp;ts=investopedia&amp;p=ccu&amp;bwid_id=6385e804ca097c71ee1e23c1" rel="nofollow">Consumers Credit Union</a></b></th> <th><b><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="pub_param_1=${DOC_ID}&amp;pub_param_2=${REQUEST_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.bestmoney.com/car-loans/investopedia?utm_source=investopedia&amp;ts=investopedia&amp;p=carvana&amp;bwid_id=6385e804ca097c71ee1e23c1" rel="nofollow">Carvana</a></b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><b>Loan Types Offered</b></td> <td>New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, lease buyout</td> <td>New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, motorcycle, RV</td> <td>Used</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>States Available</b></td> <td>All states, D.C., Puerto Rico</td> <td>All states and D.C.</td> <td>All states and D.C. except AK, HI</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Used APR Range</b></td> <td>6.19%–17.99%</td> <td>6.93% and up</td> <td>Not disclosed</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Used Loan Amounts</b></td> <td>$500–$150,000</td> <td>$500–$350,000</td> <td>Not disclosed</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Used Loan Terms</b></td> <td>36–72 months</td> <td>60–84 months</td> <td>36–72 months</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Minimum Time to Receive Loan</b></td> <td>5 days</td> <td>1 day</td> <td>1 day</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Recommended Minimum Credit Score</b></td> <td>Not disclosed</td> <td>Not disclosed</td> <td>500</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Maximum Accepted Mileage</b></td> <td>125,000 miles</td> <td>None</td> <td>140,000 miles</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Maximum Accepted Age</b></td> <td>None</td> <td>None</td> <td>Varies</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Maximum Accepted Loan-to-Value Ratio</b></td> <td>125%</td> <td>125%</td> <td>Not disclosed</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-41"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0-3"> <p>PenFed is one of our top-rated lenders, but it’s always wise to shop around before settling on a loan provider. Explore our best picks in a variety of categories:</p> <ul> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394">Best Auto Loan Rates</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-used-car-loans-7373705">Best Used Car Loans</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-refinance-loans-5069118">Best Auto Refinance Loans</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-bad-credit-7372351">Best Car Loans for Bad Credit</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loans-for-fair-credit-7486579">Best Car Loans for Fair Credit</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-first-time-buyers-7373461">Best Car Loans for First Time Buyers</a></li> </ul></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-final-verdict"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-42"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Final Verdict </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-43"> Whether you're looking to buy a used car or a new vehicle, or you have an existing loan and you want a better rate or lower payments, PenFed offers excellent loan options. Besides competitive auto loan rates and high loan maximums, customers can use PenFed's car-buying service to find the perfect car and secure better rates. Plus, those who use the car buying service may be eligible for cash bonuses from vehicle manufacturers. Since PenFed's membership is open to the public, these are some of the best and most accessible auto loans available from a credit union.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-methodology"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-44"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Methodology </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-45"> Investopedia is dedicated to providing consumers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of auto loan lenders. To rate providers, we collected hundreds of data points across more than 20 auto loan lenders, including interest rates, fees, loan amounts, borrower requirements, and vehicle requirements, to ensure that our reviews help users make informed decisions for their borrowing needs. We also conducted a survey of 1,016 auto loan borrowers for attitudes and opinions about lenders and the loan approval and disbursement process. See our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/auto-loan-review-methodology-7552736">full auto loan review methodology</a> for more information. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp review-content js-sticky-riser-hide mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="false" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-46"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425" id="button_1-0" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Apply Now</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp review-content js-sticky-riser-hide mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp article-body article-content mntl-block --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base --> </span> </div><div class="loc content-bottom"><div class="comp prm-article-sources article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100" id="prm-article-sources_1-0"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading" id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0">Article Sources</div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper" id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0"></div> <div class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block" id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>PenFed Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/member-benefits" rel="nofollow sponsored">PenFed Membership</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>PenFed Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto" rel="nofollow sponsored">Auto Loans - New, Used, Car Loan Refinancing</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-4"><p>Experian. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.experian.com/content/dam/noindex/na/us/automotive/finance-trends/2023/2023-q1-state-auto-finance-market.pdf" rel="nofollow sponsored">State of the Automotive Finance Market-Q1 2023</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-5"><p>PenFed Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto/car-buying-service" rel="nofollow sponsored">PenFed Car-Buying Service</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-6"><p>PenFed Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/auto/refinance" rel="nofollow sponsored">Hit the Road With a Great Rate</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-7"><p>PenFed Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/mobile-app" rel="nofollow sponsored">PenFed Mobile App</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-9"><p>J.D. Power. “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2022-us-dealer-financing-satisfaction-study">2022 U.S. Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study</a>.”</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-8"><p>J.D. Power. “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-consumer-lending-satisfaction-study">2023 U.S. Consumer Lending Satisfaction Study</a>.”</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-10"><p>Trustpilot. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.trustpilot.com/review/penfed.org">PenFed Credit Union</a>."</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="8599916" data-ordinal="1" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-a-private-party-auto-loan-financing-your-car-purchase-from-individuals-8599916" id="mntl-card-list-items_1-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Car Loans"> <img alt="Private party auto sale" class="lazyload card__img" data-dim-ratio="1.615" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/AUotVccJSSYIFvqNE6vP0t8hZtg=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1321856816-84ec23c02e21414aa8d82d81bc233970.jpg" height="300" width="400"/> <noscript> <img alt="Private party auto sale" class="img--noscript card__img" height="300" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/AUotVccJSSYIFvqNE6vP0t8hZtg=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1321856816-84ec23c02e21414aa8d82d81bc233970.jpg" width="400"/> </noscript> </div> <div class="card__content" data-tag="Car Loans"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text">Private Party Auto Loan: What It Is, How It Works, How to Get One</span></span> <div class="card__byline mntl-card__byline" data-byline="By Sarah Li Cain"></div> </div> </a> <a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="8357871" data-ordinal="2" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/consumers-credit-union-auto-loan-review-8357871" id="mntl-card-list-items_2-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Car Loans"> <img alt="Consumers-Credit-Union-logo" class="lazyload card__img" data-dim-ratio="2.507" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CbF6st_2k8oHr6Qg2BPXHi_yqpY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consumers-credit-union-logo-ffb7633baac644dd984bb8b66cb3a13f.jpeg" height="300" width="400"/> <noscript> <img alt="Consumers-Credit-Union-logo" class="img--noscript card__img" height="300" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CbF6st_2k8oHr6Qg2BPXHi_yqpY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consumers-credit-union-logo-ffb7633baac644dd984bb8b66cb3a13f.jpeg" width="400"/> </noscript> </div> <div class="card__content" data-tag="Car Loans"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text">Consumers Credit Union Auto Loan Review 2024</span></span> <div class="card__byline mntl-card__byline" data-byline="By Jessica Ullrich"></div> </div> </a> <a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="4846394" data-ordinal="3" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394" id="mntl-card-list-items_3-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Car Loans"> <img alt="Compare Best Auto Loan Rates, Lenders, &amp; 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![PenFed logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg) ![PenFed logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg) PenFed logo. Investopedia’s Rating 4.3 [Apply Now](https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425) **Our Take** Although credit union membership is required to qualify for a PenFed auto loan, PenFed makes it easy to join, and it's well worth the effort. PenFed offers competitive rates, valuable benefits, and cash-back discounts, so it may be a good choice for financing your next vehicle.  * Pros and Cons * Key Takeaways * Company Overview Pros and Cons Pros * High loan maximum * Added coverage and protection options * Better-than-average rates * Cash-back offers from select manufacturers Cons * Credit union membership required * Stricter vehicle restrictions for longer terms * Must use car-buying service for lowest rates Key Takeaways * PenFed's membership is open to the public; you can join by opening a savings account with a $5 initial deposit. * PenFed offers loans for new and used vehicle purchases, as well as auto loan refinancing. * PenFed’s loan terms range from three to seven years. * Borrowers can pre-qualify and view their loan options without damaging their credit. * PenFed doesn't charge application fees or prepayment penalties. Company Overview PenFed Credit Union is the third-largest credit union in the country based on asset size. It was established in 1935 and today, it serves 2.9 million members worldwide. The credit union offers a range of banking products and lending services, including credit cards, mortgages, and [auto loans](https://www.investopedia.com/how-car-loans-work-5202265). Unlike many credit unions, which offer membership to select groups, PenFed is not restrictive. Anyone can join; you just have to open a new savings account, which you’ll be prompted to do as you apply for a loan.  PenFed's auto loans and car-buying services are available in all 50 states, along with Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The credit union has a strong reputation for customer service, and reviews about the lender are typically positive. * Loan Types Offered New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, lease buyout * New APR Range 4.74%–17.99% * New Loan Amounts $500–$150,000 * Used APR Range 6.19%–17.99% * Used Loan Amounts $500–$150,000 * Refinance APR Range 4.74% and up * Refinance Loan Amounts Up to $150,000 * Recommended Min. Credit Score Not disclosed * Max. Accepted Mileage 125,000 miles * Max. Accepted Age None * Max. Accepted Loan-to-Value Ratio 125% ![PenFed logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg) ![PenFed logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/11jTBUCyPCEHYIQ2wfiZ5tmf39k=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Pen-Fed-logo-f8c3ab7908564d66abcf5a6b19564ed9.jpeg) PenFed logo. overall rating 4.3 [Apply Now](https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425) Table of Contents View All PenFed Auto Loans Review 2024 * [Pros Explained](#toc-pros-explained) * [Cons Explained](#toc-cons-explained) * [Types of Auto Loans](#toc-types-of-auto-loans-offered-by-penfed) * [Time to Receive Funds](#toc-time-to-receive-funds) * [Borrower Requirements](#toc-borrower-requirements) * [Vehicle Requirements](#toc-vehicle-requirements) * [Auto Loan Features](#toc-penfed-auto-loan-features) * [Customer Service](#toc-customer-service) * [Customer Satisfaction](#toc-customer-satisfaction) * [How to Apply](#toc-how-to-apply-for-a-penfed-credit-union-auto-loan) * [Alternatives](#toc-alternatives-to-penfed) * [Final Verdict](#toc-final-verdict) * [Methodology](#toc-methodology) See our picks for the best auto loans in a variety of categories: * [Best Auto Loan Rates](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394) * [Best Used Car Loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-used-car-loans-7373705) * [Best Auto Refinance Loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-refinance-loans-5069118) * [Best Car Loans for Bad Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-bad-credit-7372351) * [Best Car Loans for Fair Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loans-for-fair-credit-7486579) * [Best Car Loans for First Time Buyers](https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-first-time-buyers-7373461) ## Pros Explained * **High loan maximum:** Although some lenders cap auto loans at $100,000, PenFed has a higher limit. You can finance up to $150,000, which allows you to buy higher-end vehicles. * **Added coverage and protection options:** You can purchase additional protection for your vehicle through PenFed, such as [guaranteed asset protection (GAP) coverage](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gapinsurance.asp) and vehicle protection plans. * **Better-than-average rates:** As a [credit union](https://www.investopedia.com/credit-unions-vs-banks-4590218), PenFed tends to have lower fees and better rates than banks and traditional auto lenders. * **Cash-back offers from select manufacturers:** Members of the credit union can qualify for additional savings through PenFed's car buying service, powered by TrueCar. Select car manufacturers provide members with special discounts or cash-back offers, such as $2,000 cash back when purchasing specific makes and models. ## Cons Explained * **Credit union membership required:** Before you can take out a loan with PenFed, you must join the credit union. PenFed's membership application process is simpler than that of other credit unions, but it still requires extra steps. * **Stricter vehicle restrictions for longer terms:** If you want to take advantage of a longer loan term, such as 61 to 84 months, PenFed has a higher loan minimum. The minimum loan amount for a loan term between 61 and 72 months is $15,000, and the minimum is $20,000 for terms of 73 to 84 months. * **Must use car buying service for lowest rates:** PenFed's rates are quite competitive. But to qualify for the lowest advertised rates, you must use its car-buying service. If you buy a car on your own, you'll pay a slightly higher rate. Credit unions are the most abundant type of auto loan lenders, outpacing banks and manufacturer-owned lenders. ## Types of Auto Loans Offered by PenFed PenFed allows borrowers to take out loans for new or used cars, and you can purchase a vehicle from a dealership or private party.  ### New Auto Loans * **APR:** 4.74%–17.99% * **Loan amounts:** $500–$150,000 * **Loan terms:** 36–84 months PenFed's lowest rates on new car loans are reserved for borrowers that use its car-buying service, powered by TrueCar. If you get a loan from PenFed but you buy a car outside of that platform, you'll pay a higher rate.  PenFed allows you to finance up to $150,000 or 125% of the purchase price, whichever is less.  ### Used Auto Loans * **APR:** 6.19%–17.99% * **Loan amounts:** $500–$150,000 * **Loan terms:** 36–84 months Higher rates apply to used car loans, and once again the best rates are limited to customers that use PenFed's car buying service.  Customers buying a used vehicle who want an 84-month loan term must select a car that is five years old or newer and has fewer than 60,000 miles. ### Refinance Auto Loans * **APR:** As low as 4.74% * **Loan amounts:** $500–$150,000 * **Loan terms:** 36–84 months For [auto loan refinancing](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-refinance-loans-5069118), PenFed considers recently manufactured vehicles with fewer than 7,501 miles to be new cars. All other vehicles are considered pre-owned and are subject to higher rates. Use our [auto loan payment and interest calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/car-loan-calculator-5084761) to find out how much your monthly payment will be based on your new car's purchase price, down payment, repayment term, and interest rate. ## Time to Receive Funds After you've selected a vehicle, submitted a loan application, and been approved, you must sign the loan agreement. Once you return the signed agreement, PenFed will issue you the loan funds via check.  PenFed mails auto loan checks made payable to the dealership or the private seller, and it can take five to ten days to receive the check. This is quite a bit longer than some other lenders, who may disburse the loan funds the same day you’re approved. ## Borrower Requirements * **Minimum recommended credit score:** Not disclosed * **State availability:** PenFed's auto loans are available nationwide, including Washington, D.C., and U.S. territories. * **Membership requirements:** PenFed requires borrowers to join the credit union before qualifying for a loan. You can join by opening a new savings account and depositing at least $5 in the account. ## Vehicle Requirements * **Maximum accepted mileage:** 125,000 * **Maximum loan-to-value ratio:** Up to 125% in the U.S. (a maximum of 110% in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) * **Maximum accepted age:** No maximum ## PenFed Auto Loan Features * **Origination fee:** PenFed does not charge origination fees. * **Prepayment fee:** There are no prepayment penalties, so there's no downside to [paying off an auto loan](https://www.investopedia.com/what-happens-early-loan-payoff-7505190) from PenFed early. * **Discounts:** Lower interest rates are available to borrowers who use the TrueCar service. * **Rebates:** Some of PenFed's partner manufacturers, including Audi and Dodge, offer cash bonuses to those who have been a member for 60 days or more and complete a new or used vehicle purchase. * **Pays creditors directly for refinance loans:** PenFed does not issue direct creditor payments; instead, it will mail you a check made out to the financial institution that holds the loan. * **Can change due date:** PenFed allows members to change their payment due dates. * **Car-buying service:** PenFed's car-buying service is powered by TrueCar, and customers can buy new or used cars through the platform. * **Partner dealerships:** PenFed doesn't have partner dealerships. However, it does have partnerships with some vehicle manufacturers that offer cash-back bonuses to qualifying members. * **First-time car buyer program:** PenFed doesn't operate a [first-time car buyer](https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-first-time-buyers-7373461) program. * **Mobile app:** The PenFed mobile app is available through the App Store and Google Play. You can make payments, view statements, and manage your profile through the app. ### Co-Signers and Co-Applicants If you don't qualify for a loan because of your credit history or your income, you can apply for a PenFed auto loan with a [co-borrower](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co_borrowers.asp). If you add someone with good credit and a steady income, you may improve your chances of getting a loan and qualifying for a competitive rate.  PenFed does not allow co-signers, only co-borrowers; co-borrowers share equal responsibility for the loan and own the vehicle equally, unlike co-signers. ## Customer Service You can reach PenFed's customer support team via phone, or you can send a secure message through the [contact form on its website](https://home.penfed.org/help/s/contact-us?language=en_US&tabset-9d043=70065).  ## Customer Satisfaction Although PenFed wasn't included in J.D. Power’s 2023 U.S. Consumer Auto Financing Study or 2022 U.S. Dealer Satisfaction Study, PenFed generally has positive reviews from customers. PenFed auto loan reviews praise the lender's reasonable rates, helpful customer service, and user-friendly loan application. ## How to Apply for a PenFed Credit Union Auto Loan Follow these steps to apply for a loan from PenFed: 1. **Submit the pre-qualification form:** The form will prompt you to enter your name, address, income, and employment information. Because the form only uses a [soft credit inquiry](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soft-inquiry.asp), pre-qualifying allows you to view potential rates and get an idea of how much you can borrow without affecting your credit score. 2. **Find the perfect car:** You can use PenFed's car buying service, purchase a car through a local dealer, or find a vehicle from a private party. 3. **Fill out the loan application:** Once you find the car you want, you must fill out a full credit application and consent to a [hard credit check](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-inquiry.asp). If you're approved, PenFed will send you a loan agreement to review and sign. 4. **Wait for the check:** PenFed doesn't issue checks directly to vehicle sellers. Instead, it sends you the check through the mail, and the check is made payable to the seller. It can take several days to arrive, so make sure the seller is aware they may not receive payment right away. ## Alternatives to PenFed | | **[PenFed](https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425)** | **[Consumers Credit Union](https://www.bestmoney.com/car-loans/investopedia?utm_source=investopedia&ts=investopedia&p=ccu&bwid_id=6385e804ca097c71ee1e23c1)** | **[Carvana](https://www.bestmoney.com/car-loans/investopedia?utm_source=investopedia&ts=investopedia&p=carvana&bwid_id=6385e804ca097c71ee1e23c1)** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **Loan Types Offered** | New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, lease buyout | New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, motorcycle, RV | Used | | **States Available** | All states, D.C., Puerto Rico | All states and D.C. | All states and D.C. except AK, HI | | **Used APR Range** | 6.19%–17.99% | 6.93% and up | Not disclosed | | **Used Loan Amounts** | $500–$150,000 | $500–$350,000 | Not disclosed | | **Used Loan Terms** | 36–72 months | 60–84 months | 36–72 months | | **Minimum Time to Receive Loan** | 5 days | 1 day | 1 day | | **Recommended Minimum Credit Score** | Not disclosed | Not disclosed | 500 | | **Maximum Accepted Mileage** | 125,000 miles | None | 140,000 miles | | **Maximum Accepted Age** | None | None | Varies | | **Maximum Accepted Loan-to-Value Ratio** | 125% | 125% | Not disclosed | PenFed is one of our top-rated lenders, but it’s always wise to shop around before settling on a loan provider. Explore our best picks in a variety of categories: * [Best Auto Loan Rates](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394) * [Best Used Car Loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-used-car-loans-7373705) * [Best Auto Refinance Loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-refinance-loans-5069118) * [Best Car Loans for Bad Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-bad-credit-7372351) * [Best Car Loans for Fair Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loans-for-fair-credit-7486579) * [Best Car Loans for First Time Buyers](https://www.investopedia.com/best-car-loans-for-first-time-buyers-7373461) ## Final Verdict Whether you're looking to buy a used car or a new vehicle, or you have an existing loan and you want a better rate or lower payments, PenFed offers excellent loan options. Besides competitive auto loan rates and high loan maximums, customers can use PenFed's car-buying service to find the perfect car and secure better rates. Plus, those who use the car buying service may be eligible for cash bonuses from vehicle manufacturers. Since PenFed's membership is open to the public, these are some of the best and most accessible auto loans available from a credit union.  ## Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing consumers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of auto loan lenders. To rate providers, we collected hundreds of data points across more than 20 auto loan lenders, including interest rates, fees, loan amounts, borrower requirements, and vehicle requirements, to ensure that our reviews help users make informed decisions for their borrowing needs. We also conducted a survey of 1,016 auto loan borrowers for attitudes and opinions about lenders and the loan approval and disbursement process. See our [full auto loan review methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/auto-loan-review-methodology-7552736) for more information. [Apply Now](https://www.penfed.org/auto/rates?s_cid=NA-1017425) Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. PenFed Credit Union. "[PenFed Membership](https://www.penfed.org/member-benefits)." 2. PenFed Credit Union. "[Auto Loans - New, Used, Car Loan Refinancing](https://www.penfed.org/auto)." 3. Experian. "[State of the Automotive Finance Market-Q1 2023](https://www.experian.com/content/dam/noindex/na/us/automotive/finance-trends/2023/2023-q1-state-auto-finance-market.pdf)." 4. PenFed Credit Union. "[PenFed Car-Buying Service](https://www.penfed.org/auto/car-buying-service)." 5. PenFed Credit Union. "[Hit the Road With a Great Rate](https://www.penfed.org/auto/refinance)." 6. PenFed Credit Union. "[PenFed Mobile App](https://www.penfed.org/mobile-app)." 7. J.D. Power. “[2022 U.S. Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study](https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2022-us-dealer-financing-satisfaction-study).” 8. J.D. Power. “[2023 U.S. Consumer Lending Satisfaction Study](https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-consumer-lending-satisfaction-study).” 9. Trustpilot. "[PenFed Credit Union](https://www.trustpilot.com/review/penfed.org)." 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PenFed logo. Investopedia’s Rating 4.3 Apply Now Our Take Although credit union membership is required to qualify for a PenFed auto loan, PenFed makes it easy to join, and it's well worth the effort. PenFed offers competitive rates, valuable benefits, and cash-back discounts, so it may be a good choice for financing your next vehicle.  Pros and Cons Key Takeaways Company Overview Pros and Cons Pros High loan maximum Added coverage and protection options Better-than-average rates Cash-back offers from select manufacturers Cons Credit union membership required Stricter vehicle restrictions for longer terms Must use car-buying service for lowest rates Key Takeaways PenFed's membership is open to the public; you can join by opening a savings account with a $5 initial deposit.PenFed offers loans for new and used vehicle purchases, as well as auto loan refinancing.PenFed’s loan terms range from three to seven years. Borrowers can pre-qualify and view their loan options without damaging their credit.PenFed doesn't charge application fees or prepayment penalties. Company Overview PenFed Credit Union is the third-largest credit union in the country based on asset size. It was established in 1935 and today, it serves 2.9 million members worldwide. The credit union offers a range of banking products and lending services, including credit cards, mortgages, and auto loans. Unlike many credit unions, which offer membership to select groups, PenFed is not restrictive. Anyone can join; you just have to open a new savings account, which you’ll be prompted to do as you apply for a loan.  PenFed's auto loans and car-buying services are available in all 50 states, along with Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The credit union has a strong reputation for customer service, and reviews about the lender are typically positive. Loan Types Offered New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, lease buyout New APR Range 4.74%–17.99% New Loan Amounts $500–$150,000 Used APR Range 6.19%–17.99% Used Loan Amounts $500–$150,000 Refinance APR Range 4.74% and up Refinance Loan Amounts Up to $150,000 Recommended Min. Credit Score Not disclosed Max. Accepted Mileage 125,000 miles Max. Accepted Age None Max. Accepted Loan-to-Value Ratio 125% PenFed logo. overall rating 4.3 Apply Now Table of Contents View All PenFed Auto Loans Review 2024 Pros Explained Cons Explained Types of Auto Loans Time to Receive Funds Borrower Requirements Vehicle Requirements Auto Loan Features Customer Service Customer Satisfaction How to Apply Alternatives Final Verdict Methodology See our picks for the best auto loans in a variety of categories: Best Auto Loan Rates Best Used Car Loans Best Auto Refinance Loans Best Car Loans for Bad Credit Best Car Loans for Fair Credit Best Car Loans for First Time Buyers Pros Explained High loan maximum: Although some lenders cap auto loans at $100,000, PenFed has a higher limit. You can finance up to $150,000, which allows you to buy higher-end vehicles. Added coverage and protection options: You can purchase additional protection for your vehicle through PenFed, such as guaranteed asset protection (GAP) coverage and vehicle protection plans.  Better-than-average rates: As a credit union, PenFed tends to have lower fees and better rates than banks and traditional auto lenders. Cash-back offers from select manufacturers: Members of the credit union can qualify for additional savings through PenFed's car buying service, powered by TrueCar. Select car manufacturers provide members with special discounts or cash-back offers, such as $2,000 cash back when purchasing specific makes and models. Cons Explained Credit union membership required: Before you can take out a loan with PenFed, you must join the credit union. PenFed's membership application process is simpler than that of other credit unions, but it still requires extra steps. Stricter vehicle restrictions for longer terms: If you want to take advantage of a longer loan term, such as 61 to 84 months, PenFed has a higher loan minimum. The minimum loan amount for a loan term between 61 and 72 months is $15,000, and the minimum is $20,000 for terms of 73 to 84 months. Must use car buying service for lowest rates: PenFed's rates are quite competitive. But to qualify for the lowest advertised rates, you must use its car-buying service. If you buy a car on your own, you'll pay a slightly higher rate. Credit unions are the most abundant type of auto loan lenders, outpacing banks and manufacturer-owned lenders. Types of Auto Loans Offered by PenFed PenFed allows borrowers to take out loans for new or used cars, and you can purchase a vehicle from a dealership or private party.  New Auto Loans APR: 4.74%–17.99%Loan amounts: $500–$150,000Loan terms: 36–84 months PenFed's lowest rates on new car loans are reserved for borrowers that use its car-buying service, powered by TrueCar. If you get a loan from PenFed but you buy a car outside of that platform, you'll pay a higher rate.  PenFed allows you to finance up to $150,000 or 125% of the purchase price, whichever is less.  Used Auto Loans APR: 6.19%–17.99%Loan amounts: $500–$150,000Loan terms: 36–84 months Higher rates apply to used car loans, and once again the best rates are limited to customers that use PenFed's car buying service.  Customers buying a used vehicle who want an 84-month loan term must select a car that is five years old or newer and has fewer than 60,000 miles. Refinance Auto Loans APR: As low as 4.74%Loan amounts: $500–$150,000Loan terms: 36–84 months For auto loan refinancing, PenFed considers recently manufactured vehicles with fewer than 7,501 miles to be new cars. All other vehicles are considered pre-owned and are subject to higher rates. Use our auto loan payment and interest calculator to find out how much your monthly payment will be based on your new car's purchase price, down payment, repayment term, and interest rate. Time to Receive Funds After you've selected a vehicle, submitted a loan application, and been approved, you must sign the loan agreement. Once you return the signed agreement, PenFed will issue you the loan funds via check.  PenFed mails auto loan checks made payable to the dealership or the private seller, and it can take five to ten days to receive the check. This is quite a bit longer than some other lenders, who may disburse the loan funds the same day you’re approved. Borrower Requirements Minimum recommended credit score: Not disclosedState availability: PenFed's auto loans are available nationwide, including Washington, D.C., and U.S. territories.Membership requirements: PenFed requires borrowers to join the credit union before qualifying for a loan. You can join by opening a new savings account and depositing at least $5 in the account. Vehicle Requirements Maximum accepted mileage: 125,000Maximum loan-to-value ratio: Up to 125% in the U.S. (a maximum of 110% in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands)Maximum accepted age: No maximum PenFed Auto Loan Features Origination fee: PenFed does not charge origination fees.  Prepayment fee: There are no prepayment penalties, so there's no downside to paying off an auto loan from PenFed early. Discounts: Lower interest rates are available to borrowers who use the TrueCar service.  Rebates: Some of PenFed's partner manufacturers, including Audi and Dodge, offer cash bonuses to those who have been a member for 60 days or more and complete a new or used vehicle purchase. Pays creditors directly for refinance loans: PenFed does not issue direct creditor payments; instead, it will mail you a check made out to the financial institution that holds the loan. Can change due date: PenFed allows members to change their payment due dates.  Car-buying service: PenFed's car-buying service is powered by TrueCar, and customers can buy new or used cars through the platform.  Partner dealerships: PenFed doesn't have partner dealerships. However, it does have partnerships with some vehicle manufacturers that offer cash-back bonuses to qualifying members.  First-time car buyer program: PenFed doesn't operate a first-time car buyer program.  Mobile app: The PenFed mobile app is available through the App Store and Google Play. You can make payments, view statements, and manage your profile through the app. Co-Signers and Co-Applicants If you don't qualify for a loan because of your credit history or your income, you can apply for a PenFed auto loan with a co-borrower. If you add someone with good credit and a steady income, you may improve your chances of getting a loan and qualifying for a competitive rate.  PenFed does not allow co-signers, only co-borrowers; co-borrowers share equal responsibility for the loan and own the vehicle equally, unlike co-signers. Customer Service You can reach PenFed's customer support team via phone, or you can send a secure message through the contact form on its website.  Customer Satisfaction Although PenFed wasn't included in J.D. Power’s 2023 U.S. Consumer Auto Financing Study or 2022 U.S. Dealer Satisfaction Study, PenFed generally has positive reviews from customers. PenFed auto loan reviews praise the lender's reasonable rates, helpful customer service, and user-friendly loan application. How to Apply for a PenFed Credit Union Auto Loan Follow these steps to apply for a loan from PenFed: Submit the pre-qualification form: The form will prompt you to enter your name, address, income, and employment information. Because the form only uses a soft credit inquiry, pre-qualifying allows you to view potential rates and get an idea of how much you can borrow without affecting your credit score.  Find the perfect car: You can use PenFed's car buying service, purchase a car through a local dealer, or find a vehicle from a private party.  Fill out the loan application: Once you find the car you want, you must fill out a full credit application and consent to a hard credit check. If you're approved, PenFed will send you a loan agreement to review and sign.  Wait for the check: PenFed doesn't issue checks directly to vehicle sellers. Instead, it sends you the check through the mail, and the check is made payable to the seller. It can take several days to arrive, so make sure the seller is aware they may not receive payment right away. Alternatives to PenFed PenFed Consumers Credit Union Carvana Loan Types Offered New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, lease buyout New, used, refinance, cash-out refinance, motorcycle, RV Used States Available All states, D.C., Puerto Rico All states and D.C. All states and D.C. except AK, HI Used APR Range 6.19%–17.99% 6.93% and up Not disclosed Used Loan Amounts $500–$150,000 $500–$350,000 Not disclosed Used Loan Terms 36–72 months 60–84 months 36–72 months Minimum Time to Receive Loan 5 days 1 day 1 day Recommended Minimum Credit Score Not disclosed Not disclosed 500 Maximum Accepted Mileage 125,000 miles None 140,000 miles Maximum Accepted Age None None Varies Maximum Accepted Loan-to-Value Ratio 125% 125% Not disclosed PenFed is one of our top-rated lenders, but it’s always wise to shop around before settling on a loan provider. Explore our best picks in a variety of categories: Best Auto Loan Rates Best Used Car Loans Best Auto Refinance Loans Best Car Loans for Bad Credit Best Car Loans for Fair Credit Best Car Loans for First Time Buyers Final Verdict Whether you're looking to buy a used car or a new vehicle, or you have an existing loan and you want a better rate or lower payments, PenFed offers excellent loan options. Besides competitive auto loan rates and high loan maximums, customers can use PenFed's car-buying service to find the perfect car and secure better rates. Plus, those who use the car buying service may be eligible for cash bonuses from vehicle manufacturers. Since PenFed's membership is open to the public, these are some of the best and most accessible auto loans available from a credit union.  Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing consumers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of auto loan lenders. To rate providers, we collected hundreds of data points across more than 20 auto loan lenders, including interest rates, fees, loan amounts, borrower requirements, and vehicle requirements, to ensure that our reviews help users make informed decisions for their borrowing needs. We also conducted a survey of 1,016 auto loan borrowers for attitudes and opinions about lenders and the loan approval and disbursement process. See our full auto loan review methodology for more information. Apply Now Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. PenFed Credit Union. "PenFed Membership." PenFed Credit Union. "Auto Loans - New, Used, Car Loan Refinancing." Experian. "State of the Automotive Finance Market-Q1 2023." PenFed Credit Union. "PenFed Car-Buying Service." PenFed Credit Union. "Hit the Road With a Great Rate." PenFed Credit Union. "PenFed Mobile App." J.D. Power. “2022 U.S. Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study.” J.D. Power. “2023 U.S. Consumer Lending Satisfaction Study.” Trustpilot. "PenFed Credit Union." Related Articles Private Party Auto Loan: What It Is, How It Works, How to Get One Consumers Credit Union Auto Loan Review 2024 Compare Best Auto Loan Rates, Lenders, & Financing for May 2024 - Rates From 1.99% Best Auto Refinance Loans for May 2024 What Is a Business Auto Loan? How to Finance Company Vehicles First Tech FCU Auto Loans Review 2024
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https://www.investopedia.com/super-launches-debit-credit-hybrid-card-with-2-percent-back-6752395
Super Launches Debit-Credit Hybrid Card With 2% Back
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Online commerce platform Super has launched the SuperCash Mastercard card, offering consumers across the credit spectrum the chance to build their credit and earn top-tier rewards rates along the way. The card doesn't require a credit check and bases your spending limit on what you deposit into the account. Here's how to know if it's right for you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Super has launched a new debit-credit card hybrid, making it possible for anyone to get approved and build their credit. </li><li>Instead of checking your credit, the fintech company bases your spending limit on your account balance.</li><li>Cardholders can earn up to 10% cash back on select purchases, but most will earn an impressive 2% back.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-the-supercash-card-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How the SuperCash Card Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The SuperCash card isn't a traditional credit card, but it's not a traditional debit card either. When you set up an account, you'll be able to add funds via bank transfer or direct deposit. Your spending limit is based on how much you deposit into the account. That said, there's no minimum balance requirement to keep the account open or to avoid fees. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Unfortunately, there's currently no option to deposit a check or cash, though the company plans to add that feature in the future. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> You'll use the card to make purchases as you normally would, and if you exceed your spending limit, new charges will be declined. Instead of debiting your account for each transaction like a bank account, though, Super will take payment for your purchases at the end of each billing cycle, either automatically or manually. It also reports those monthly payments to the credit bureaus, which can help you build your credit over time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Despite not requiring good or excellent credit, the SuperCash card offers impressive rewards: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <li>10% cash back on travel booked through hotel bookings through the SuperTravel platform.</li><li>5% cash back on purchases made through the SuperShop portal.</li><li>2% cash back on all other purchases.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> You can use the card anywhere Mastercard is accepted. Because you're technically using your own funds and not borrowing money from the card issuer, MRV Banks, the SuperCash card doesn't charge interest. It also doesn't have an annual fee or monthly fee.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Because the funds are stored in a bank account, they're FDIC-insured. However, there are some limitations on how much you can deposit and spend each month. You can deposit up to $5,000 per month into the account, and the most you can spend in a day or on a single point-of-sale transaction is $1,250.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-the-supercard-card-right-for-you"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is the SuperCard Card Right for You? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The SuperCash "crebit" card can provide a unique opportunity for consumers with no credit history, a thin credit file, or even poor credit history by eliminating the Catch-22 of needing a good history with credit to qualify for credit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> It can also be a solution for people who have struggled with overspending in the past or who don't like credit cards but still want the chance to build their credit history. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> The fact that the card also offers a base rewards rate of 2% back is impressive in its own right. Most of the credit cards that are designed for consumers with subprime credit typically don't offer rewards at all. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Finally, since there's no credit check or annual fee, there aren't a lot of downsides to opening an account to try it out and see if it works for you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> With no interest charges or annual fees, though, it's unclear whether the card can sustain its rewards offerings in the long run, so keep that in mind if you have plans to use it. </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
Online commerce platform Super has launched the SuperCash Mastercard card, offering consumers across the credit spectrum the chance to build their credit and earn top-tier rewards rates along the way. The card doesn't require a credit check and bases your spending limit on what you deposit into the account. Here's how to know if it's right for you. ### Key Takeaways * Super has launched a new debit-credit card hybrid, making it possible for anyone to get approved and build their credit. * Instead of checking your credit, the fintech company bases your spending limit on your account balance. * Cardholders can earn up to 10% cash back on select purchases, but most will earn an impressive 2% back. ## How the SuperCash Card Works The SuperCash card isn't a traditional credit card, but it's not a traditional debit card either. When you set up an account, you'll be able to add funds via bank transfer or direct deposit. Your spending limit is based on how much you deposit into the account. That said, there's no minimum balance requirement to keep the account open or to avoid fees. Unfortunately, there's currently no option to deposit a check or cash, though the company plans to add that feature in the future. You'll use the card to make purchases as you normally would, and if you exceed your spending limit, new charges will be declined. Instead of debiting your account for each transaction like a bank account, though, Super will take payment for your purchases at the end of each billing cycle, either automatically or manually. It also reports those monthly payments to the credit bureaus, which can help you build your credit over time. Despite not requiring good or excellent credit, the SuperCash card offers impressive rewards: * 10% cash back on travel booked through hotel bookings through the SuperTravel platform. * 5% cash back on purchases made through the SuperShop portal. * 2% cash back on all other purchases. You can use the card anywhere Mastercard is accepted. Because you're technically using your own funds and not borrowing money from the card issuer, MRV Banks, the SuperCash card doesn't charge interest. It also doesn't have an annual fee or monthly fee. Because the funds are stored in a bank account, they're FDIC-insured. However, there are some limitations on how much you can deposit and spend each month. You can deposit up to $5,000 per month into the account, and the most you can spend in a day or on a single point-of-sale transaction is $1,250. ## Is the SuperCard Card Right for You? The SuperCash "crebit" card can provide a unique opportunity for consumers with no credit history, a thin credit file, or even poor credit history by eliminating the Catch-22 of needing a good history with credit to qualify for credit. It can also be a solution for people who have struggled with overspending in the past or who don't like credit cards but still want the chance to build their credit history. The fact that the card also offers a base rewards rate of 2% back is impressive in its own right. Most of the credit cards that are designed for consumers with subprime credit typically don't offer rewards at all. Finally, since there's no credit check or annual fee, there aren't a lot of downsides to opening an account to try it out and see if it works for you. With no interest charges or annual fees, though, it's unclear whether the card can sustain its rewards offerings in the long run, so keep that in mind if you have plans to use it. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Online commerce platform Super has launched the SuperCash Mastercard card, offering consumers across the credit spectrum the chance to build their credit and earn top-tier rewards rates along the way. The card doesn't require a credit check and bases your spending limit on what you deposit into the account. Here's how to know if it's right for you. Key Takeaways Super has launched a new debit-credit card hybrid, making it possible for anyone to get approved and build their credit. Instead of checking your credit, the fintech company bases your spending limit on your account balance.Cardholders can earn up to 10% cash back on select purchases, but most will earn an impressive 2% back. How the SuperCash Card Works The SuperCash card isn't a traditional credit card, but it's not a traditional debit card either. When you set up an account, you'll be able to add funds via bank transfer or direct deposit. Your spending limit is based on how much you deposit into the account. That said, there's no minimum balance requirement to keep the account open or to avoid fees. Unfortunately, there's currently no option to deposit a check or cash, though the company plans to add that feature in the future. You'll use the card to make purchases as you normally would, and if you exceed your spending limit, new charges will be declined. Instead of debiting your account for each transaction like a bank account, though, Super will take payment for your purchases at the end of each billing cycle, either automatically or manually. It also reports those monthly payments to the credit bureaus, which can help you build your credit over time. Despite not requiring good or excellent credit, the SuperCash card offers impressive rewards: 10% cash back on travel booked through hotel bookings through the SuperTravel platform.5% cash back on purchases made through the SuperShop portal.2% cash back on all other purchases. You can use the card anywhere Mastercard is accepted. Because you're technically using your own funds and not borrowing money from the card issuer, MRV Banks, the SuperCash card doesn't charge interest. It also doesn't have an annual fee or monthly fee. Because the funds are stored in a bank account, they're FDIC-insured. However, there are some limitations on how much you can deposit and spend each month. You can deposit up to $5,000 per month into the account, and the most you can spend in a day or on a single point-of-sale transaction is $1,250. Is the SuperCard Card Right for You? The SuperCash "crebit" card can provide a unique opportunity for consumers with no credit history, a thin credit file, or even poor credit history by eliminating the Catch-22 of needing a good history with credit to qualify for credit. It can also be a solution for people who have struggled with overspending in the past or who don't like credit cards but still want the chance to build their credit history. The fact that the card also offers a base rewards rate of 2% back is impressive in its own right. Most of the credit cards that are designed for consumers with subprime credit typically don't offer rewards at all. Finally, since there's no credit check or annual fee, there aren't a lot of downsides to opening an account to try it out and see if it works for you. With no interest charges or annual fees, though, it's unclear whether the card can sustain its rewards offerings in the long run, so keep that in mind if you have plans to use it. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/open-endfund.asp
Open-Ended Fund: Definition, Example, Pros and Cons
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-an-open-end-fund"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is an Open-End Fund? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> An open-end fund is a diversified portfolio of pooled investor money that can issue unlimited shares. The fund sponsor sells shares directly to investors and redeems them as well. These shares are priced daily based on their net asset value (NAV). Most mutual and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are open-end.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> They are also more common than their counterpart, closed-end funds, and are the bulk of the investment options in company-sponsored retirement plans, such as 401(k) plans.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>An open-end fund is an investment that uses pooled assets, allowing for ongoing new contributions and withdrawals.</li><li>As a result, open-ended funds have a theoretically unlimited number of potential shares outstanding.</li><li>Most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds are open-end funds.</li><li>Open-end mutual fund shares do not trade on exchanges and are priced at their portfolio's net asset value (NAV) at the end of each day. ETFs trade throughout the trading day.</li></ul></div></div></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.5%;"> <img alt="Open-Ended Fund" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9NKqkoQefYyrv9tD-Nyx3BFw3tM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/open-endfund.asp-final-e4ff82f55d88445991a05e63bc5de125.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9NKqkoQefYyrv9tD-Nyx3BFw3tM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/open-endfund.asp-final-e4ff82f55d88445991a05e63bc5de125.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/7pLJ8ttLhERZzGiWu1rhEpNmfzE=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/open-endfund.asp-final-e4ff82f55d88445991a05e63bc5de125.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="2700" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="4000"/> <noscript> <img alt="Open-Ended Fund" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="2700" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9NKqkoQefYyrv9tD-Nyx3BFw3tM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/open-endfund.asp-final-e4ff82f55d88445991a05e63bc5de125.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/7pLJ8ttLhERZzGiWu1rhEpNmfzE=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/open-endfund.asp-final-e4ff82f55d88445991a05e63bc5de125.png 750w" width="4000"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Jessica Olah</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-an-open-end-fund-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How an Open-End Fund Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> An open-end fund issues shares if buyers want them. It's always open to investment. Purchasing shares causes the fund to create new—replacement—shares, while selling shares takes them out of circulation. Shares are bought and sold on demand at their <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nav_return.asp">NAV</a>. The daily basis of the net asset value is on the value of the fund’s underlying securities and is calculated at the end of the trading day for mutual funds. If a large number of shares are redeemed, the fund may sell some of its investments to pay the selling investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> An open-end fund provides investors with an easy, low-cost way to pool money and buy a diversified portfolio. Investment goals for open-end funds include holding growth, income, large-cap, and small-cap stocks, among many others. The funds can target specific industries or countries. Investors typically do not need a lot of money to gain entry into an open-end fund. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Occasionally, when a fund's investment management determines that its total assets have become too large for its goals, the fund is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closed-to-new-investors.asp">closed to new investors</a>. In rare cases, the fund's investors instigate the move to be a closed-end fund. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Open-end funds are so familiar—virtually synonymous with mutual funds—that many investors may not realize they are not the only type of fund in town. That's because most mutual funds and ETFs are open-end, though pooled investments were historically closed-end until the 1970s.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-difference-from-closed-end-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Difference From Closed-End Funds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closed-endinvestment.asp">Closed-end funds</a> launch through an initial public offering and shares in them on exchanges. They price trades at a discount or premium to the NAV based on supply and demand throughout the trading day. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/mutualfund/05/introtoclosed.asp">Closed-end funds cost more</a> at times, given wider <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bid-askspread.asp">bid-ask spreads</a> for illiquid funds. Occasional volatility means their price could be higher or lower than its NAV would indicate. Closed-end fund shares must be traded through a broker.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-and-cons-of-open-end-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros and Cons of Open-End Funds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Both open- and closed-end funds are run by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliomanagement.asp">portfolio managers</a> with the help of analysts. Both types of funds mitigate security-specific risk by holding diversified investments and having lower investment and operating costs because of the pooling of investor funds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Open-end funds must maintain ample cash reserves to meet shareholder redemptions. Since these funds must be kept in reserve and not invested, their yields can be lower, all else being equal. Open-end funds typically provide more security, while closed-end funds offer a bigger return. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Because management must continually adjust holdings to meet investor demand, the fees for these funds can be higher than those for other funds. Investors in open-end funds enjoy greater flexibility in buying and selling shares since the sponsoring fund family always makes a market in them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Hold diversified portfolios, lessening risk</p></li> <li><p>Offer professional money management</p></li> <li><p>Are highly liquid</p></li> <li><p>Require low investment minimums</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Must maintain high cash reserves</p></li> <li><p>Charge high fees and expenses (if actively managed)</p></li> <li><p>Post lower yields (than closed-end funds)</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-real-world-example-of-an-open-end-fund"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Real World Example of an Open-End Fund </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Fidelity's Magellan Fund, one of the investment company's earliest open-end funds, aims at capital appreciation. It was founded in 1963, and during the late 1970s and 1980s, it became legendary for regularly beating the stock market. As of the beginning of the second quarter of 2024, it had a lifetime average annual total return of 15.8%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Its portfolio manager, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/06/peterlynch.asp">Peter Lynch</a>, became a household name.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> The fund became so popular, with assets hitting $100 billion, that in 1997, Fidelity closed it to new investors for nearly a decade. It reopened in 2008.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-sell-back-shares-of-an-open-end-fund"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Sell Back Shares of an Open-End Fund?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, generally, investors can sell their shares back to the fund at any time based on the present NAV.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-open-end-funds-regulated"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are Open-End Funds Regulated?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, open-end funds are subject to regulatory oversight to protect investors, typically by government bodies like the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-open-end-funds-pay-dividends"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Open-End Funds Pay Dividends?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, open-end funds may pay dividends from the income generated by their investments, which can be reinvested or paid to investors.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-impact-do-investor-redemptions-have-on-an-open-end-fund"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Impact do Investor Redemptions Have on an Open-End Fund?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Investor <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/redemption.asp">redemptions</a> can lead to the fund selling assets to meet withdrawal demands, which may affect the fund's composition and performance.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> Open-end funds are a popular choice for investors seeking diversification and flexibility. They allow for unlimited shares and are priced in relation to the NAV. The NAV is calculated only at the close of trading each day for open-end mutual funds. While they offer significant advantages such as liquidity and a wide range of investment options, potential drawbacks include management fees and the impact of redemptions on the fund's performance.<br/> </p></div>
## What Is an Open-End Fund? An open-end fund is a diversified portfolio of pooled investor money that can issue unlimited shares. The fund sponsor sells shares directly to investors and redeems them as well. These shares are priced daily based on their net asset value (NAV). Most mutual and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are open-end. They are also more common than their counterpart, closed-end funds, and are the bulk of the investment options in company-sponsored retirement plans, such as 401(k) plans. ### Key Takeaways * An open-end fund is an investment that uses pooled assets, allowing for ongoing new contributions and withdrawals. * As a result, open-ended funds have a theoretically unlimited number of potential shares outstanding. * Most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds are open-end funds. * Open-end mutual fund shares do not trade on exchanges and are priced at their portfolio's net asset value (NAV) at the end of each day. ETFs trade throughout the trading day. ![Open-Ended Fund]() ![Open-Ended Fund](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9NKqkoQefYyrv9tD-Nyx3BFw3tM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/open-endfund.asp-final-e4ff82f55d88445991a05e63bc5de125.png) Investopedia / Jessica Olah ## How an Open-End Fund Works An open-end fund issues shares if buyers want them. It's always open to investment. Purchasing shares causes the fund to create new—replacement—shares, while selling shares takes them out of circulation. Shares are bought and sold on demand at their [NAV](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nav_return.asp). The daily basis of the net asset value is on the value of the fund’s underlying securities and is calculated at the end of the trading day for mutual funds. If a large number of shares are redeemed, the fund may sell some of its investments to pay the selling investors. An open-end fund provides investors with an easy, low-cost way to pool money and buy a diversified portfolio. Investment goals for open-end funds include holding growth, income, large-cap, and small-cap stocks, among many others. The funds can target specific industries or countries. Investors typically do not need a lot of money to gain entry into an open-end fund. Occasionally, when a fund's investment management determines that its total assets have become too large for its goals, the fund is [closed to new investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closed-to-new-investors.asp). In rare cases, the fund's investors instigate the move to be a closed-end fund. Open-end funds are so familiar—virtually synonymous with mutual funds—that many investors may not realize they are not the only type of fund in town. That's because most mutual funds and ETFs are open-end, though pooled investments were historically closed-end until the 1970s. ## Difference From Closed-End Funds [Closed-end funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closed-endinvestment.asp) launch through an initial public offering and shares in them on exchanges. They price trades at a discount or premium to the NAV based on supply and demand throughout the trading day. [Closed-end funds cost more](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/mutualfund/05/introtoclosed.asp) at times, given wider [bid-ask spreads](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bid-askspread.asp) for illiquid funds. Occasional volatility means their price could be higher or lower than its NAV would indicate. Closed-end fund shares must be traded through a broker. ## Pros and Cons of Open-End Funds Both open- and closed-end funds are run by [portfolio managers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliomanagement.asp) with the help of analysts. Both types of funds mitigate security-specific risk by holding diversified investments and having lower investment and operating costs because of the pooling of investor funds. Open-end funds must maintain ample cash reserves to meet shareholder redemptions. Since these funds must be kept in reserve and not invested, their yields can be lower, all else being equal. Open-end funds typically provide more security, while closed-end funds offer a bigger return. Because management must continually adjust holdings to meet investor demand, the fees for these funds can be higher than those for other funds. Investors in open-end funds enjoy greater flexibility in buying and selling shares since the sponsoring fund family always makes a market in them. Pros * Hold diversified portfolios, lessening risk * Offer professional money management * Are highly liquid * Require low investment minimums Cons * Must maintain high cash reserves * Charge high fees and expenses (if actively managed) * Post lower yields (than closed-end funds) ## Real World Example of an Open-End Fund Fidelity's Magellan Fund, one of the investment company's earliest open-end funds, aims at capital appreciation. It was founded in 1963, and during the late 1970s and 1980s, it became legendary for regularly beating the stock market. As of the beginning of the second quarter of 2024, it had a lifetime average annual total return of 15.8%. Its portfolio manager, [Peter Lynch](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/06/peterlynch.asp), became a household name. The fund became so popular, with assets hitting $100 billion, that in 1997, Fidelity closed it to new investors for nearly a decade. It reopened in 2008. ## Can You Sell Back Shares of an Open-End Fund? Yes, generally, investors can sell their shares back to the fund at any time based on the present NAV. ## Are Open-End Funds Regulated? Yes, open-end funds are subject to regulatory oversight to protect investors, typically by government bodies like the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission. ## Do Open-End Funds Pay Dividends? Yes, open-end funds may pay dividends from the income generated by their investments, which can be reinvested or paid to investors. ## What Impact do Investor Redemptions Have on an Open-End Fund? Investor [redemptions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/redemption.asp) can lead to the fund selling assets to meet withdrawal demands, which may affect the fund's composition and performance. ## The Bottom Line Open-end funds are a popular choice for investors seeking diversification and flexibility. They allow for unlimited shares and are priced in relation to the NAV. The NAV is calculated only at the close of trading each day for open-end mutual funds. While they offer significant advantages such as liquidity and a wide range of investment options, potential drawbacks include management fees and the impact of redemptions on the fund's performance.
What Is an Open-End Fund? An open-end fund is a diversified portfolio of pooled investor money that can issue unlimited shares. The fund sponsor sells shares directly to investors and redeems them as well. These shares are priced daily based on their net asset value (NAV). Most mutual and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are open-end. They are also more common than their counterpart, closed-end funds, and are the bulk of the investment options in company-sponsored retirement plans, such as 401(k) plans. Key Takeaways An open-end fund is an investment that uses pooled assets, allowing for ongoing new contributions and withdrawals.As a result, open-ended funds have a theoretically unlimited number of potential shares outstanding.Most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds are open-end funds.Open-end mutual fund shares do not trade on exchanges and are priced at their portfolio's net asset value (NAV) at the end of each day. ETFs trade throughout the trading day. Investopedia / Jessica Olah How an Open-End Fund Works An open-end fund issues shares if buyers want them. It's always open to investment. Purchasing shares causes the fund to create new—replacement—shares, while selling shares takes them out of circulation. Shares are bought and sold on demand at their NAV. The daily basis of the net asset value is on the value of the fund’s underlying securities and is calculated at the end of the trading day for mutual funds. If a large number of shares are redeemed, the fund may sell some of its investments to pay the selling investors. An open-end fund provides investors with an easy, low-cost way to pool money and buy a diversified portfolio. Investment goals for open-end funds include holding growth, income, large-cap, and small-cap stocks, among many others. The funds can target specific industries or countries. Investors typically do not need a lot of money to gain entry into an open-end fund. Occasionally, when a fund's investment management determines that its total assets have become too large for its goals, the fund is closed to new investors. In rare cases, the fund's investors instigate the move to be a closed-end fund. Open-end funds are so familiar—virtually synonymous with mutual funds—that many investors may not realize they are not the only type of fund in town. That's because most mutual funds and ETFs are open-end, though pooled investments were historically closed-end until the 1970s. Difference From Closed-End Funds Closed-end funds launch through an initial public offering and shares in them on exchanges. They price trades at a discount or premium to the NAV based on supply and demand throughout the trading day. Closed-end funds cost more at times, given wider bid-ask spreads for illiquid funds. Occasional volatility means their price could be higher or lower than its NAV would indicate. Closed-end fund shares must be traded through a broker. Pros and Cons of Open-End Funds Both open- and closed-end funds are run by portfolio managers with the help of analysts. Both types of funds mitigate security-specific risk by holding diversified investments and having lower investment and operating costs because of the pooling of investor funds. Open-end funds must maintain ample cash reserves to meet shareholder redemptions. Since these funds must be kept in reserve and not invested, their yields can be lower, all else being equal. Open-end funds typically provide more security, while closed-end funds offer a bigger return. Because management must continually adjust holdings to meet investor demand, the fees for these funds can be higher than those for other funds. Investors in open-end funds enjoy greater flexibility in buying and selling shares since the sponsoring fund family always makes a market in them. Pros Hold diversified portfolios, lessening risk Offer professional money management Are highly liquid Require low investment minimums Cons Must maintain high cash reserves Charge high fees and expenses (if actively managed) Post lower yields (than closed-end funds) Real World Example of an Open-End Fund Fidelity's Magellan Fund, one of the investment company's earliest open-end funds, aims at capital appreciation. It was founded in 1963, and during the late 1970s and 1980s, it became legendary for regularly beating the stock market. As of the beginning of the second quarter of 2024, it had a lifetime average annual total return of 15.8%. Its portfolio manager, Peter Lynch, became a household name. The fund became so popular, with assets hitting $100 billion, that in 1997, Fidelity closed it to new investors for nearly a decade. It reopened in 2008. Can You Sell Back Shares of an Open-End Fund? Yes, generally, investors can sell their shares back to the fund at any time based on the present NAV. Are Open-End Funds Regulated? Yes, open-end funds are subject to regulatory oversight to protect investors, typically by government bodies like the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission. Do Open-End Funds Pay Dividends? Yes, open-end funds may pay dividends from the income generated by their investments, which can be reinvested or paid to investors. What Impact do Investor Redemptions Have on an Open-End Fund? Investor redemptions can lead to the fund selling assets to meet withdrawal demands, which may affect the fund's composition and performance. The Bottom Line Open-end funds are a popular choice for investors seeking diversification and flexibility. They allow for unlimited shares and are priced in relation to the NAV. The NAV is calculated only at the close of trading each day for open-end mutual funds. While they offer significant advantages such as liquidity and a wide range of investment options, potential drawbacks include management fees and the impact of redemptions on the fund's performance.
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https://www.investopedia.com/regulators-are-making-it-easier-to-break-up-with-your-bank-8363953
Regulators Are Making it Easier to Break Up With Your Bank
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) proposed new rules Thursday that would help customers move their their money between bank accounts. </li><li>The government watchdog agency said the rules would help improve competition between banks, improving customer service and interest rates offered on deposits. </li><li>Institutions in the banking industry said the rules must ensure customers' data privacy. </li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> It’s about to get a lot easier to break up with your bank or credit card.<br/><br/>The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-cfpb.asp">(CFPB),</a> the government’s consumer watchdog agency, proposed new rules Thursday that would require banks to share data at the customer’s request, making it easier to switch banks and other financial service providers. The rules allow you to take your data—including things like transaction histories—with you.<br/><br/>The rules are intended to make banks compete more for customers by offering better rates and service, CFPB director Rohit Chopra said in a press conference. Currently, it’s difficult for customers to switch accounts because doing so means losing important data such as transaction histories, Chopra said. He compared the situation to the early days of cell phones when switching providers meant losing your phone number.<br/><br/>“Firms have learned that they don't need to provide great rates or customer service for a sustained period of time,” Chopra said. “Instead, they can attract customers with teaser rates, change them whenever they want, and make it really bureaucratically difficult to switch.”<br/><br/>For example, most bank customers receive low interest rates on their deposits, with the national average annual returns for a savings account being just 0.46% according to data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp"> (FDIC)</a>, despite the fact that interest rates are high.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> However, some banks offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633">returns as high as 5.40%</a> to entice customers.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> “On average, Americans have had the same checking account for 17 years,” Chopra said. “If switching were easier, Americans could earn billions of dollars more in interest each year.”<br><br>The proposed rule would make switching easier in several ways. Banks and other financial service providers would have to make data available to customers free of fees.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Customers would also have a legal right to grant third parties—such as a competing institution—access to information from their accounts. </br></br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> It also sets new standards for data security and prevents companies from using customer data for their own purposes such as selling it to a data broker or training artificial intelligence. <br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> “People can become trapped by providers that hold their data, but this proposal would allow them to more easily shift their data to a competitor offering better or lower priced products and services,” the CFPB said in a statement.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> A group representing the banking industry said the rule, when finalized, should prioritize data security and give customers control over what they share. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> “Put simply: customers must have transparency and control over their data,” the Bank Policy Institute said in a statement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> The rules, if finalized, would go into effect two months after being published. The CFPB is accepting public comments on the proposed rules through Dec. 29.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><br><br><em><strong>Correction, Oct. 23, 2023</strong> — An earlier version of this story misstated the Bank Policy Institute's position on the rule. The institute took a position on what the eventual final rule should include.</em><br> </br></br></br></p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) proposed new rules Thursday that would help customers move their their money between bank accounts. * The government watchdog agency said the rules would help improve competition between banks, improving customer service and interest rates offered on deposits. * Institutions in the banking industry said the rules must ensure customers' data privacy. It’s about to get a lot easier to break up with your bank or credit card. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau [(CFPB),](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-cfpb.asp) the government’s consumer watchdog agency, proposed new rules Thursday that would require banks to share data at the customer’s request, making it easier to switch banks and other financial service providers. The rules allow you to take your data—including things like transaction histories—with you. The rules are intended to make banks compete more for customers by offering better rates and service, CFPB director Rohit Chopra said in a press conference. Currently, it’s difficult for customers to switch accounts because doing so means losing important data such as transaction histories, Chopra said. He compared the situation to the early days of cell phones when switching providers meant losing your phone number. “Firms have learned that they don't need to provide great rates or customer service for a sustained period of time,” Chopra said. “Instead, they can attract customers with teaser rates, change them whenever they want, and make it really bureaucratically difficult to switch.” For example, most bank customers receive low interest rates on their deposits, with the national average annual returns for a savings account being just 0.46% according to data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [(FDIC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp), despite the fact that interest rates are high. However, some banks offer [returns as high as 5.40%](https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633) to entice customers. “On average, Americans have had the same checking account for 17 years,” Chopra said. “If switching were easier, Americans could earn billions of dollars more in interest each year.” The proposed rule would make switching easier in several ways. Banks and other financial service providers would have to make data available to customers free of fees. Customers would also have a legal right to grant third parties—such as a competing institution—access to information from their accounts. It also sets new standards for data security and prevents companies from using customer data for their own purposes such as selling it to a data broker or training artificial intelligence.  “People can become trapped by providers that hold their data, but this proposal would allow them to more easily shift their data to a competitor offering better or lower priced products and services,” the CFPB said in a statement.  A group representing the banking industry said the rule, when finalized, should prioritize data security and give customers control over what they share. “Put simply: customers must have transparency and control over their data,” the Bank Policy Institute said in a statement. The rules, if finalized, would go into effect two months after being published. The CFPB is accepting public comments on the proposed rules through Dec. 29. ***Correction, Oct. 23, 2023** — An earlier version of this story misstated the Bank Policy Institute's position on the rule. The institute took a position on what the eventual final rule should include.* Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) proposed new rules Thursday that would help customers move their their money between bank accounts. The government watchdog agency said the rules would help improve competition between banks, improving customer service and interest rates offered on deposits. Institutions in the banking industry said the rules must ensure customers' data privacy. It’s about to get a lot easier to break up with your bank or credit card.The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the government’s consumer watchdog agency, proposed new rules Thursday that would require banks to share data at the customer’s request, making it easier to switch banks and other financial service providers. The rules allow you to take your data—including things like transaction histories—with you.The rules are intended to make banks compete more for customers by offering better rates and service, CFPB director Rohit Chopra said in a press conference. Currently, it’s difficult for customers to switch accounts because doing so means losing important data such as transaction histories, Chopra said. He compared the situation to the early days of cell phones when switching providers meant losing your phone number.“Firms have learned that they don't need to provide great rates or customer service for a sustained period of time,” Chopra said. “Instead, they can attract customers with teaser rates, change them whenever they want, and make it really bureaucratically difficult to switch.”For example, most bank customers receive low interest rates on their deposits, with the national average annual returns for a savings account being just 0.46% according to data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), despite the fact that interest rates are high. However, some banks offer returns as high as 5.40% to entice customers. “On average, Americans have had the same checking account for 17 years,” Chopra said. “If switching were easier, Americans could earn billions of dollars more in interest each year.”The proposed rule would make switching easier in several ways. Banks and other financial service providers would have to make data available to customers free of fees. Customers would also have a legal right to grant third parties—such as a competing institution—access to information from their accounts. It also sets new standards for data security and prevents companies from using customer data for their own purposes such as selling it to a data broker or training artificial intelligence.  “People can become trapped by providers that hold their data, but this proposal would allow them to more easily shift their data to a competitor offering better or lower priced products and services,” the CFPB said in a statement.  A group representing the banking industry said the rule, when finalized, should prioritize data security and give customers control over what they share. “Put simply: customers must have transparency and control over their data,” the Bank Policy Institute said in a statement. The rules, if finalized, would go into effect two months after being published. The CFPB is accepting public comments on the proposed rules through Dec. 29.Correction, Oct. 23, 2023 — An earlier version of this story misstated the Bank Policy Institute's position on the rule. The institute took a position on what the eventual final rule should include. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/documents-start-roth-ira-5220378
What Do I Need to Set Up a Roth IRA?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> You’re ready to start investing, and that’s great. If you’ve chosen a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rothira.asp">Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA)</a> as one of your investment tools, you’re in luck. Most banks and financial institutions offer Roth IRA options, and you can set one up quite easily. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-a-roth-ira-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How a Roth IRA Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> A Roth IRA is an individual investment account that allows investors to contribute <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aftertaxcontribution.asp">after-tax money</a> that will grow until retirement age. Since <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081615/basics-roth-ira-contribution-rules.asp">contributions</a> are already taxed, your distributions after the age of 59½ will be tax free. Contributions can be withdrawn at any time, tax- and penalty-free, even years before retirement. Need some of the earnings, too? In <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/tax-treatment-roth-ira-distributions/">certain situations</a>, those withdrawals are also allowed.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Make sure that you’re eligible to open a Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA). You must earn income to open an IRA, or be married and file joint taxes to open a spousal Roth IRA.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></li><li>You’ll need basic documents to open an account, including a form of government-issued identification, your Social Security number, and account numbers for funding.</li><li>Once your account is open, you must choose funds, stocks, or bonds.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-am-i-qualified-to-open-a-roth-ira"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Am I Qualified to Open a Roth IRA? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The first step to opening a Roth IRA is determining if you’re eligible. Roth IRAs are extremely flexible, with no age limits. The only stipulation is that they must be funded using earned income.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earnedincome.asp">Earned income</a> can mean wages earned from an hourly job, a salary, bonuses, self-employment income, or even some stock sales or scholarships.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> Children who earn money are also eligible for a Roth IRA as long as they earn real income, such as from a part-time job or an entrepreneurial endeavor. Money earned from chores or allowance do not count as earned income.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> If you are married but unemployed, you may be eligible for a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-a-spousal-roth-ira-4770888">spousal IRA</a> as long as your spouse’s income falls within <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp">Internal Revenue Service (IRS)</a> income guidelines.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> For 2022, the working spouse may earn up to $204,000 in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp">modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)</a> to qualify for the full contribution amount.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> For 2023, they may earn up to $218,000. Incomes past these limits may qualify for partial contributions until their income exceeds the maximum allowed for a Roth IRA.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>To open a spousal Roth IRA, you must file your taxes as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mfj.asp">married filing jointly</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-these-are-the-documents-that-you-need"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> These Are the Documents That You Need </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> Once you’ve determined your eligibility status, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-open-an-ira-7504812">opening a Roth IRA</a> is relatively simple. Most banking or investing platforms require just a few key pieces of information to open an account: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <li>Driver’s license or some other form of government-issued photo identification</li> <li>Your Social Security number</li> <li>A way to fund the account, generally bank routing and account numbers</li> <li>Your employer’s name and address, if applicable</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/102815/rules-rmds-ira-beneficiaries.asp">Beneficiary information</a></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> If you’re transferring other assets or converting a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/roth-vs-traditional-ira-which-is-right-for-you/">traditional IRA into your new Roth IRA</a>, then you may need the account numbers for those accounts as well. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-to-do-after-opening-your-roth-ira"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What to Do After Opening Your Roth IRA </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Once your account is open, you can transfer funds into the account from either your bank account or other investment vehicles. Make sure to choose funds to invest in—a Roth IRA is simply the investment account governed by the tax code. To grow your account, you must allocate the money in it into specific <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp">mutual funds</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp">exchange-traded funds (ETFs)</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/indexfund.asp">index funds</a>, or individual <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp">stocks</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bond.asp">bonds</a>, or other assets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars, there’s no need to report your contributions when you file your taxes. You will receive a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081615/purpose-irs-form-5498.asp">Form 5498</a> from your investment body at the end of the investing year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> They file this form with the IRS, reporting how much you’ve contributed in that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxyear.asp">tax year</a>. Keep your copy for your own records. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-have-both-a-traditional-individual-retirement-account-ira-and-a-roth-ira"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I have Both a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) and a Roth IRA?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes. You can have both types of individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and you can also have more than one Roth IRA. However, the yearly contribution limit remains the same. For 2022 and 2023, you may contribute up to $6,500 across all IRAs. People age 50 and older may invest an additional $1,000 each year as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/catchupcontribution.asp">catch-up contribution</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-open-a-roth-ira-without-a-drivers-license"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Open a Roth IRA Without a Driver’s License?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes. You may use any form of government-issued identification, such as a non-driver’s ID, a green card, or United States-issued passport. Certain visa holders may also open a Roth IRA.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-fund-my-roth-ira-using-alimony-or-child-support"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Fund my Roth IRA Using Alimony or Child Support?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Unfortunately, child support and alimony are not taxed income sources, so they do not count as earned income.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> The exception comes from taxable alimony income that was decided on or before Dec. 31, 2018.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> A Roth IRA is an easy way to save for retirement using after-tax dollars to invest. With basic identification, a Social Security card, and a funding source, you can open one online at most banks or investment companies such as Fidelity, Vanguard, or with other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset_management_company.asp">asset management companies</a>. Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars, there’s no additional reporting on your end for tax purposes. </p></div>
You’re ready to start investing, and that’s great. If you’ve chosen a [Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rothira.asp) as one of your investment tools, you’re in luck. Most banks and financial institutions offer Roth IRA options, and you can set one up quite easily. ## How a Roth IRA Works A Roth IRA is an individual investment account that allows investors to contribute [after-tax money](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aftertaxcontribution.asp) that will grow until retirement age. Since [contributions](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081615/basics-roth-ira-contribution-rules.asp) are already taxed, your distributions after the age of 59½ will be tax free. Contributions can be withdrawn at any time, tax- and penalty-free, even years before retirement. Need some of the earnings, too? In [certain situations](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/tax-treatment-roth-ira-distributions/), those withdrawals are also allowed. ### Key Takeaways * Make sure that you’re eligible to open a Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA). You must earn income to open an IRA, or be married and file joint taxes to open a spousal Roth IRA. * You’ll need basic documents to open an account, including a form of government-issued identification, your Social Security number, and account numbers for funding. * Once your account is open, you must choose funds, stocks, or bonds. ## Am I Qualified to Open a Roth IRA? The first step to opening a Roth IRA is determining if you’re eligible. Roth IRAs are extremely flexible, with no age limits. The only stipulation is that they must be funded using earned income. [Earned income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earnedincome.asp) can mean wages earned from an hourly job, a salary, bonuses, self-employment income, or even some stock sales or scholarships. Children who earn money are also eligible for a Roth IRA as long as they earn real income, such as from a part-time job or an entrepreneurial endeavor. Money earned from chores or allowance do not count as earned income. If you are married but unemployed, you may be eligible for a [spousal IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-a-spousal-roth-ira-4770888) as long as your spouse’s income falls within [Internal Revenue Service (IRS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp) income guidelines. For 2022, the working spouse may earn up to $204,000 in [modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp) to qualify for the full contribution amount. For 2023, they may earn up to $218,000. Incomes past these limits may qualify for partial contributions until their income exceeds the maximum allowed for a Roth IRA. ### To open a spousal Roth IRA, you must file your taxes as [married filing jointly](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mfj.asp). ## These Are the Documents That You Need Once you’ve determined your eligibility status, [opening a Roth IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-open-an-ira-7504812) is relatively simple. Most banking or investing platforms require just a few key pieces of information to open an account: * Driver’s license or some other form of government-issued photo identification * Your Social Security number * A way to fund the account, generally bank routing and account numbers * Your employer’s name and address, if applicable * [Beneficiary information](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/102815/rules-rmds-ira-beneficiaries.asp) If you’re transferring other assets or converting a [traditional IRA into your new Roth IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/roth-vs-traditional-ira-which-is-right-for-you/), then you may need the account numbers for those accounts as well. ## What to Do After Opening Your Roth IRA Once your account is open, you can transfer funds into the account from either your bank account or other investment vehicles. Make sure to choose funds to invest in—a Roth IRA is simply the investment account governed by the tax code. To grow your account, you must allocate the money in it into specific [mutual funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp), [exchange-traded funds (ETFs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp), [index funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/indexfund.asp), or individual [stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp), [bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bond.asp), or other assets. Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars, there’s no need to report your contributions when you file your taxes. You will receive a [Form 5498](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081615/purpose-irs-form-5498.asp) from your investment body at the end of the investing year. They file this form with the IRS, reporting how much you’ve contributed in that [tax year](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxyear.asp). Keep your copy for your own records. ## Can I have Both a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) and a Roth IRA? Yes. You can have both types of individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and you can also have more than one Roth IRA. However, the yearly contribution limit remains the same. For 2022 and 2023, you may contribute up to $6,500 across all IRAs. People age 50 and older may invest an additional $1,000 each year as a [catch-up contribution](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/catchupcontribution.asp). ## Can I Open a Roth IRA Without a Driver’s License? Yes. You may use any form of government-issued identification, such as a non-driver’s ID, a green card, or United States-issued passport. Certain visa holders may also open a Roth IRA. ## Can I Fund my Roth IRA Using Alimony or Child Support? Unfortunately, child support and alimony are not taxed income sources, so they do not count as earned income. The exception comes from taxable alimony income that was decided on or before Dec. 31, 2018. ## The Bottom Line A Roth IRA is an easy way to save for retirement using after-tax dollars to invest. With basic identification, a Social Security card, and a funding source, you can open one online at most banks or investment companies such as Fidelity, Vanguard, or with other [asset management companies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset_management_company.asp). Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars, there’s no additional reporting on your end for tax purposes.
You’re ready to start investing, and that’s great. If you’ve chosen a Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA) as one of your investment tools, you’re in luck. Most banks and financial institutions offer Roth IRA options, and you can set one up quite easily. How a Roth IRA Works A Roth IRA is an individual investment account that allows investors to contribute after-tax money that will grow until retirement age. Since contributions are already taxed, your distributions after the age of 59½ will be tax free. Contributions can be withdrawn at any time, tax- and penalty-free, even years before retirement. Need some of the earnings, too? In certain situations, those withdrawals are also allowed. Key Takeaways Make sure that you’re eligible to open a Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA). You must earn income to open an IRA, or be married and file joint taxes to open a spousal Roth IRA.You’ll need basic documents to open an account, including a form of government-issued identification, your Social Security number, and account numbers for funding.Once your account is open, you must choose funds, stocks, or bonds. Am I Qualified to Open a Roth IRA? The first step to opening a Roth IRA is determining if you’re eligible. Roth IRAs are extremely flexible, with no age limits. The only stipulation is that they must be funded using earned income. Earned income can mean wages earned from an hourly job, a salary, bonuses, self-employment income, or even some stock sales or scholarships. Children who earn money are also eligible for a Roth IRA as long as they earn real income, such as from a part-time job or an entrepreneurial endeavor. Money earned from chores or allowance do not count as earned income. If you are married but unemployed, you may be eligible for a spousal IRA as long as your spouse’s income falls within Internal Revenue Service (IRS) income guidelines. For 2022, the working spouse may earn up to $204,000 in modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) to qualify for the full contribution amount. For 2023, they may earn up to $218,000. Incomes past these limits may qualify for partial contributions until their income exceeds the maximum allowed for a Roth IRA. To open a spousal Roth IRA, you must file your taxes as married filing jointly. These Are the Documents That You Need Once you’ve determined your eligibility status, opening a Roth IRA is relatively simple. Most banking or investing platforms require just a few key pieces of information to open an account: Driver’s license or some other form of government-issued photo identification Your Social Security number A way to fund the account, generally bank routing and account numbers Your employer’s name and address, if applicable Beneficiary information If you’re transferring other assets or converting a traditional IRA into your new Roth IRA, then you may need the account numbers for those accounts as well. What to Do After Opening Your Roth IRA Once your account is open, you can transfer funds into the account from either your bank account or other investment vehicles. Make sure to choose funds to invest in—a Roth IRA is simply the investment account governed by the tax code. To grow your account, you must allocate the money in it into specific mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), index funds, or individual stocks, bonds, or other assets. Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars, there’s no need to report your contributions when you file your taxes. You will receive a Form 5498 from your investment body at the end of the investing year. They file this form with the IRS, reporting how much you’ve contributed in that tax year. Keep your copy for your own records. Can I have Both a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) and a Roth IRA? Yes. You can have both types of individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and you can also have more than one Roth IRA. However, the yearly contribution limit remains the same. For 2022 and 2023, you may contribute up to $6,500 across all IRAs. People age 50 and older may invest an additional $1,000 each year as a catch-up contribution. Can I Open a Roth IRA Without a Driver’s License? Yes. You may use any form of government-issued identification, such as a non-driver’s ID, a green card, or United States-issued passport. Certain visa holders may also open a Roth IRA. Can I Fund my Roth IRA Using Alimony or Child Support? Unfortunately, child support and alimony are not taxed income sources, so they do not count as earned income. The exception comes from taxable alimony income that was decided on or before Dec. 31, 2018. The Bottom Line A Roth IRA is an easy way to save for retirement using after-tax dollars to invest. With basic identification, a Social Security card, and a funding source, you can open one online at most banks or investment companies such as Fidelity, Vanguard, or with other asset management companies. Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars, there’s no additional reporting on your end for tax purposes.
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https://www.investopedia.com/the-express-podcast-episode-127-7197966
The Journey to Investing and Financial Wellness, with Phil Pearlman
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://twitter.com/ppearlman">Phil Pearlman</a> joins the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/the-investopedia-express-podcast-5215636">Investopedia Express</a> this week to talk about the importance of harmonizing our financial health with our emotional and physical wellbeing, and the path to getting there. Plus, there are plenty of sectors and stocks breaking out to 52-week highs despite a pretty <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rangeboundtrading.asp">range-bound</a> market. We name names and get you ready for this week's big labor market reports that will weigh heavily on future rate hikes. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-meet-phil-pearlman"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Meet Phil Pearlman </span> </h2> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-square figure-low-res" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100.0%;"> <img alt="Phil Pearlman" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cFmznq2x8u67yVcLuRnhWE8wO5E=/640x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ESF4jVY9_400x4001-b2118cea215c4cad96d0425183b5189d.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zyvZg36eFTS2HbKw26uRrc2dAFU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ESF4jVY9_400x4001-b2118cea215c4cad96d0425183b5189d.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/UYta5xFXl5MAOT3h02QEF-7C78c=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ESF4jVY9_400x4001-b2118cea215c4cad96d0425183b5189d.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="640" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="640"/> <noscript> <img alt="Phil Pearlman" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="640" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zyvZg36eFTS2HbKw26uRrc2dAFU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ESF4jVY9_400x4001-b2118cea215c4cad96d0425183b5189d.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/UYta5xFXl5MAOT3h02QEF-7C78c=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ESF4jVY9_400x4001-b2118cea215c4cad96d0425183b5189d.jpg 750w" width="640"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Phil Pearlman / Twitter</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://cmtassociation.org/presenter/phil-pearlman/">Dr. Phil Pearlman</a> is the founder of The Pearl Institute, a business venture dedicated to inspiring resilience, fitness, and joy via long-term personal health planning and performance training. He is the author of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://primecuts.substack.com/">Prime Cuts Newsletter</a>, which focuses on cultivating a healthy lifestyle, mindset, and identity through the powers of creativity, reinvention, and grit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Earlier in his career, Phil served as CBO and CMO at Osprey Funds, EVP at Bank OZK, Executive Editor at Stocktwits, and Interactive Editor at Yahoo Finance. Phil earned a doctorate in clinical psychology from Argosy University. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-whats-in-this-episode"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What's in This Episode? </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block megaphone" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=MERE9129448529" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="The Journey to Investing and Financial Wellness with Phil Pearlman"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <strong>Subscribe Now</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-investopedia-express-with-caleb-silver/id1529322197" rel="nofollow">Apple Podcasts</a> / <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1TwnoxxgCIGK8mF7szI6j9" rel="nofollow">Spotify</a> / <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://podcasts.google.com/search/The%20Investopedia%20Express%20with%20Caleb%20Silver">Google Podcasts</a> / <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://player.fm/series/2836180">PlayerFM</a> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-term-of-the-week-goodwill"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Term of the Week: Goodwill </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> This week's term comes to us from Rushana Wiederhull, who sent us an email suggesting '<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp">goodwill</a>' for this week's term. And we like that term because it shows up in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp">mergers and acquisitions</a> news all the time. According to my favorite website, goodwill is an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intangibleasset.asp">intangible asset</a> that is associated with the purchase of one company by another. It represents value that can give the acquiring company a competitive advantage. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Specifically, a goodwill definition is the portion of the purchase price that is higher than the sum of the net fair value of all of the assets purchased in the acquisition and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp">liabilities</a> assumed in the process. The value of a company’s name, brand reputation, loyal customer base, solid customer service, good employee relations, and proprietary technology represent aspects of goodwill. This value is why one company may pay a premium for another. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> But we also sometimes see what is known as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill-impairment.asp">goodwill impairment</a>. Impairment of an asset occurs when the market value of the asset drops below its historical cost. This can occur as a result on an adverse event, such as declining <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp">cash flows</a>, increase in the competitive environment, or an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depression.asp">economic depression</a>, among many other reasons. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Good suggestion, Rushana! </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-links-for-show-notes"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Links for Show Notes </span> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://primecuts.substack.com/">Prime Cuts Newsletter | Substack</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://twitter.com/TimmerFidelity">Jurrien Timmer on Twitter (@TimmerFidelity)</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-to-expect-in-the-markets-next-week-4584772">What to Expect in the Markets Next Week</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.barchart.com/stocks/highs-lows">52-Week Highs and Lows - U.S. Exchanges</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp">Goodwill: What It Is, How It Works, How to Calculate</a><br/></li> </ul> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
[Phil Pearlman](https://twitter.com/ppearlman) joins the [Investopedia Express](https://www.investopedia.com/the-investopedia-express-podcast-5215636) this week to talk about the importance of harmonizing our financial health with our emotional and physical wellbeing, and the path to getting there. Plus, there are plenty of sectors and stocks breaking out to 52-week highs despite a pretty [range-bound](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rangeboundtrading.asp) market. We name names and get you ready for this week's big labor market reports that will weigh heavily on future rate hikes. ## Meet Phil Pearlman ![Phil Pearlman]() ![Phil Pearlman](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zyvZg36eFTS2HbKw26uRrc2dAFU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ESF4jVY9_400x4001-b2118cea215c4cad96d0425183b5189d.jpg) Phil Pearlman / Twitter [Dr. Phil Pearlman](https://cmtassociation.org/presenter/phil-pearlman/) is the founder of The Pearl Institute, a business venture dedicated to inspiring resilience, fitness, and joy via long-term personal health planning and performance training. He is the author of the [Prime Cuts Newsletter](https://primecuts.substack.com/), which focuses on cultivating a healthy lifestyle, mindset, and identity through the powers of creativity, reinvention, and grit. Earlier in his career, Phil served as CBO and CMO at Osprey Funds, EVP at Bank OZK, Executive Editor at Stocktwits, and Interactive Editor at Yahoo Finance. Phil earned a doctorate in clinical psychology from Argosy University. ## What's in This Episode? **Subscribe Now**: [Apple Podcasts](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-investopedia-express-with-caleb-silver/id1529322197) / [Spotify](https://open.spotify.com/show/1TwnoxxgCIGK8mF7szI6j9) / [Google Podcasts](https://podcasts.google.com/search/The%20Investopedia%20Express%20with%20Caleb%20Silver) / [PlayerFM](https://player.fm/series/2836180) ## Term of the Week: Goodwill This week's term comes to us from Rushana Wiederhull, who sent us an email suggesting '[goodwill](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp)' for this week's term. And we like that term because it shows up in [mergers and acquisitions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp) news all the time. According to my favorite website, goodwill is an [intangible asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intangibleasset.asp) that is associated with the purchase of one company by another. It represents value that can give the acquiring company a competitive advantage. Specifically, a goodwill definition is the portion of the purchase price that is higher than the sum of the net fair value of all of the assets purchased in the acquisition and the [liabilities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp) assumed in the process. The value of a company’s name, brand reputation, loyal customer base, solid customer service, good employee relations, and proprietary technology represent aspects of goodwill. This value is why one company may pay a premium for another. But we also sometimes see what is known as [goodwill impairment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill-impairment.asp). Impairment of an asset occurs when the market value of the asset drops below its historical cost. This can occur as a result on an adverse event, such as declining [cash flows](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp), increase in the competitive environment, or an [economic depression](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depression.asp), among many other reasons. Good suggestion, Rushana! ## Links for Show Notes * [Prime Cuts Newsletter | Substack](https://primecuts.substack.com/) * [Jurrien Timmer on Twitter (@TimmerFidelity)](https://twitter.com/TimmerFidelity) * [What to Expect in the Markets Next Week](https://www.investopedia.com/what-to-expect-in-the-markets-next-week-4584772) * [52-Week Highs and Lows - U.S. Exchanges](https://www.barchart.com/stocks/highs-lows) * [Goodwill: What It Is, How It Works, How to Calculate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp) Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Phil Pearlman joins the Investopedia Express this week to talk about the importance of harmonizing our financial health with our emotional and physical wellbeing, and the path to getting there. Plus, there are plenty of sectors and stocks breaking out to 52-week highs despite a pretty range-bound market. We name names and get you ready for this week's big labor market reports that will weigh heavily on future rate hikes. Meet Phil Pearlman Phil Pearlman / Twitter Dr. Phil Pearlman is the founder of The Pearl Institute, a business venture dedicated to inspiring resilience, fitness, and joy via long-term personal health planning and performance training. He is the author of the Prime Cuts Newsletter, which focuses on cultivating a healthy lifestyle, mindset, and identity through the powers of creativity, reinvention, and grit. Earlier in his career, Phil served as CBO and CMO at Osprey Funds, EVP at Bank OZK, Executive Editor at Stocktwits, and Interactive Editor at Yahoo Finance. Phil earned a doctorate in clinical psychology from Argosy University. What's in This Episode? Subscribe Now: Apple Podcasts / Spotify / Google Podcasts / PlayerFM Term of the Week: Goodwill This week's term comes to us from Rushana Wiederhull, who sent us an email suggesting 'goodwill' for this week's term. And we like that term because it shows up in mergers and acquisitions news all the time. According to my favorite website, goodwill is an intangible asset that is associated with the purchase of one company by another. It represents value that can give the acquiring company a competitive advantage. Specifically, a goodwill definition is the portion of the purchase price that is higher than the sum of the net fair value of all of the assets purchased in the acquisition and the liabilities assumed in the process. The value of a company’s name, brand reputation, loyal customer base, solid customer service, good employee relations, and proprietary technology represent aspects of goodwill. This value is why one company may pay a premium for another. But we also sometimes see what is known as goodwill impairment. Impairment of an asset occurs when the market value of the asset drops below its historical cost. This can occur as a result on an adverse event, such as declining cash flows, increase in the competitive environment, or an economic depression, among many other reasons. Good suggestion, Rushana! Links for Show Notes Prime Cuts Newsletter | Substack Jurrien Timmer on Twitter (@TimmerFidelity) What to Expect in the Markets Next Week 52-Week Highs and Lows - U.S. Exchanges Goodwill: What It Is, How It Works, How to Calculate Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "Phil Pearlman", "https://twitter.com/ppearlman" ], [ "Investopedia Express", "https://www.investopedia.com/the-investopedia-express-podcast-5215636" ], [ "range-bound", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rangeboundtrading.asp" ], [ "Phil Pearlman", "https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zyvZg36eFTS2HbKw26uRrc2dAFU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale(" ], [ "Dr. Phil Pearlman", "https://cmtassociation.org/presenter/phil-pearlman/" ], [ "Prime Cuts Newsletter", "https://primecuts.substack.com/" ], [ "Apple Podcasts", "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-investopedia-express-with-caleb-silver/id1529322197" ], [ "Spotify", "https://open.spotify.com/show/1TwnoxxgCIGK8mF7szI6j9" ], [ "Google Podcasts", "https://podcasts.google.com/search/The%20Investopedia%20Express%20with%20Caleb%20Silver" ], [ "PlayerFM", "https://player.fm/series/2836180" ], [ "goodwill", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp" ], [ "mergers and acquisitions", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp" ], [ "intangible asset", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intangibleasset.asp" ], [ "liabilities", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp" ], [ "goodwill impairment", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill-impairment.asp" ], [ "cash flows", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp" ], [ "economic depression", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depression.asp" ], [ "Prime Cuts Newsletter | Substack", "https://primecuts.substack.com/" ], [ "Jurrien Timmer on Twitter (@TimmerFidelity)", "https://twitter.com/TimmerFidelity" ], [ "What to Expect in the Markets Next Week", "https://www.investopedia.com/what-to-expect-in-the-markets-next-week-4584772" ], [ "52-Week Highs and Lows - U.S. Exchanges", "https://www.barchart.com/stocks/highs-lows" ], [ "Goodwill: What It Is, How It Works, How to Calculate", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/ent-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8373870
Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="star-icon"><svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg></symbol> </defs> </svg> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base" id="product-review-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-appear article-container product-card-record--finance article-intro mntl-block" id="article-intro_1-0"> <div class="comp product-card" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="product-card" id="product-card_1-0" style="--imgWidth: 476px"> <div class="product-card__content"> <div class="product-card__intro expert-content"> <figure class="comp figure-article figure-3x2 upscaleImg product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="product-card__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="ENT Credit Union logo" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="1000" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-dE2QEc7xf9amIQ9p7FG6sAjN-Y=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhDQAFAPEAAAAAABUVFbcnNf///ywAAAAADQAFAEEIIgAHCBAwoKDBgwgHADgYQOBAggUXAlgo0KHBiRMNDkx4MCAAOw==')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="ENT Credit Union logo" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-dE2QEc7xf9amIQ9p7FG6sAjN-Y=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Ent Credit Union / Investopedia</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article figure-3x2 upscaleImg product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp product-card__rating card-rating--finance product-rating" id="product-card__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia’s Rating </span> <div alt="4.2 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_1-0"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.2</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_1-0" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_1-0);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp product-card__rating card-rating--finance product-rating --> <div class="comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="product-card__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link mntl-commerce-btn" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-retailer-caption="On ent.com" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=ent-cu" id="commerce-button_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link mntl-commerce-btn --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <strong>Our Take</strong> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-1"> A personal loan from Ent Credit Union might be a great option if you live in its membership area and have fair or better credit. You can borrow up to $100,000 and get the funds deposited into your account quickly. Moreover, this is one of the few lenders we reviewed that allows a co-signer.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp product-review__top-rated-list top-rated-list--roundups top-rated-list--base" id="product-review__top-rated-list_3-0-1"> <h2 class="top-rated-list__title">Top Rated For</h2> <ul class="top-rated-list__container"> <div class="comp top-rated-list__items mntl-block" id="top-rated-list__items_3-0-1"> <li class="comp top-rated-list__item badge-ribbon list-item mntl-block" id="list-item_3-0-1"> <a class="top-rated-list__item-link mntl-text-link" data-click-action="Top Rated Tool Click" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/emergency-loans-for-bad-credit-5075539#toc-ent-credit-union" id="top-rated-list__item-link_3-0-1" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="comp top-rated-list__item-link-text mntl-text-block" id="top-rated-list__item-link-text_3-0-1"> Best for Fast Funding </span><!-- end: comp top-rated-list__item-link-text mntl-text-block --> <span class="comp top-rated-list__item-link-subtext mntl-text-block" id="top-rated-list__item-link-subtext_3-0-1"> Best Emergency Loans for Bad Credit for May 2024</span><!-- end: comp top-rated-list__item-link-subtext mntl-text-block --></a><!-- end: top-rated-list__item-link mntl-text-link --> </li><!-- end: comp top-rated-list__item badge-ribbon list-item mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp top-rated-list__items mntl-block --> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp product-review__top-rated-list top-rated-list--roundups top-rated-list--base --> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block" data-click-action="Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="Full Product Review"> <ul class="tabbed-sc-block__tabs"> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Pros &amp; Cons</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="2"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Key Takeaways</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="3"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Company Overview</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="4"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">specifications</span></li> </ul> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-3"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Can apply without a credit history</p></li> <li><p>Can apply with fair credit </p></li> <li><p>Offers autopay discount </p></li> <li><p>Accepts co-signers</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Membership required</p></li> <li><p>No pre-qualification </p></li> <li><p>Longer minimum repayment term required</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Key Takeaways</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="2"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-5"> <li>Ent Credit Union offers unsecured personal loans from $1,000 to $100,000.</li><li>The company has long loan terms available, up to 84 months. </li><li>The lender offers various loan discounts and features.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Company Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="3"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-7"> Ent Credit Union was founded in 1957 to serve the Ent Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Since then, the credit union has grown to 21 counties along the state’s Front Range. Ent Credit Union serves more than 500,000 members at over 50 service centers and has about $3 billion in consumer loans on the books as of September 2023.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-8"> The credit union has good customer reviews and claims to prioritize customer service. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="4"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">specifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content customTab expert-content" data-tab-index="4"> <div class="loc tab-specifications"> <div class="comp key-facts-block--finance product-record-details" id="key-facts-block--finance_3-0-8"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-row-container"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-label">APR Range</div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-text">10.24% - 17.99%</div> </div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-row-container"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-label">Loan Amount</div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-text">$1,000 - $100,000</div> </div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-row-container"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-label">Loan Terms</div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-text">36 months - 84 months</div> </div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-row-container"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-label">Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-text">619</div> </div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-row-container"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-label">Average Origination Fee</div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-text">0.00%</div> </div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-row-container"> <div class="product-record__key-fact-label">Late Fee</div> <div class="product-record__key-fact-text">$15</div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp key-facts-block--finance product-record-details --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-card --> <div class="comp product-review-expertise-block expertise-block--finance expertise-block" id="product-review-expertise-block_3-0"> <div class="expertise-block__header"> <span class="expertise-block__heading"> Why Trust Us </span> <div class="expertise-block__chevron"></div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-points"> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-lenders-reviewed"> 70 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Lenders reviewed </div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-features-considered"> 31 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Loan features considered </div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-analyzed"> 1,680 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Data points analyzed </div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-data-sources"> 173 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Primary data sources used </div> </div> </div> <span class="expertise-block__content"> Investopedia collected key data points from several lenders to identify the most important factors to borrowers. We used this data to review each lender for fees, accessibility, repayment terms, and other features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right borrowing decision for their needs. <div class="expertise-block__section-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280">Read our Full Methodology</a> </div> </span> </div><!-- end: comp product-review-expertise-block expertise-block--finance expertise-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-appear article-container product-card-record--finance article-intro mntl-block --> <div class="loc body-content article-container"> <div class="comp article-body article-content mntl-block" id="article-content_1-0"> <div class="comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block" id="product-review__left-nav_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__product-container_1-0"> <figure class="comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="sticky-toc-widget__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="ENT Credit Union logo" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8k2x_c15bbka3DOQ5_fNi8hj_Tw=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhDQAFAPEAAAAAABUVFbcnNf///ywAAAAADQAFAEEIIgAHCBAwoKDBgwgHADgYQOBAggUXAlgo0KHBiRMNDkx4MCAAOw==')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="ENT Credit Union logo" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8k2x_c15bbka3DOQ5_fNi8hj_Tw=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_2-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Ent Credit Union / Investopedia</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__rating product-rating" id="sticky-toc-widget__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> overall rating </span> <div alt="4.2 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_1-0-1"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.2</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_1-0-1" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#d17000"></stop> <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_1-0-1);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__rating product-rating --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link mntl-commerce-btn" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-retailer-caption="On ent.com" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=ent-cu" id="commerce-button_2-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link mntl-commerce-btn --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="sticky-toc-widget__toc_3-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_3-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_5-0"> Table of Contents</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_3-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="View All" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_3-0"> View All</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_6-0"> Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_3-0"> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Pros Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-pros-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Pros Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Cons Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-cons-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Cons Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Types of Loans" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-types-of-personal-loans-offered-by-ent-credit-union" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Types of Loans</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Time to Receive Funds" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-time-to-receive-personal-loan-funds" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Time to Receive Funds</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Borrower Requirements" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-borrower-requirements" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Borrower Requirements</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Loan Features" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-ent-credit-union-personal-loan-features" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-5" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Loan Features</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-6"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Service" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-customer-service" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-6" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Service</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-7"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-7"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Satisfaction" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-customer-satisfaction" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-7" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Satisfaction</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-8"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-8"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Membership Requirements" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-ent-credit-union-credit-union-membership-requirements" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-8" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Membership Requirements</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-9"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-9"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-How to Apply" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-to-apply-for-an-ent-credit-union-personal-loan" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-9" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">How to Apply</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-10"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-10"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Other Services" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-other-banking-services-and-loans-offered-by-ent-credit-union" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-10" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Other Services</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-11"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-11"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Alternative Lenders" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-compare-ent-credit-union-with-other-personal-loan-lenders" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-11" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Alternative Lenders</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-12"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-12"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-The Bottom Line" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-the-bottom-line" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-12" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">The Bottom Line</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-13"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-13"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-is-ent-credit-union-located-only-in-colorado" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-13" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-14"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-14"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-methodology" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-14" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block --> <div class="comp expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__content_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-1"> <li><strong>Can apply without a credit history</strong>: Many lenders won’t let you apply for a loan without a credit history, but Ent will consider your application. </li><li><strong>Can apply with fair credit</strong>: You may need a credit score of 700 or higher with some lenders, Ent Credit Union only recommends a minimum credit score of 619. </li><li><strong>Offers autopay discount</strong>: You can get a 0.25% rate reduction when you sign up for automatic payments. </li><li><strong>Accepts co-signers:</strong> If your credit is less than ideal, a co-signer with better credit can help you get approved for an Ent personal loan. Most lenders that we reviewed don’t allow that. </li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cons-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-2"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Cons Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-3"> <li><strong>Membership required</strong>: Ent Credit Union’s membership is limited to those who live, work, worship, or attend school in a Colorado community it serves. Family of current members can also join. Alternatively, consumers can qualify to become an Ent member in all US states by establishing membership with the American Consumer Council, a non-profit consumer education organization that charges a one-time $15 fee.</li><li><strong>No pre-qualification</strong>: When you apply for a personal loan with Ent Credit Union, it does a hard credit check. No pre-qualification or pre-application with a soft credit inquiry is available. </li><li><strong>Longer repayment term required</strong>: The shortest repayment term you can request is 36 months, or three years. You must use a different lender if you’re looking for a short-term loan to pay off in a year or two.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-personal-loans-offered-by-ent-credit-union"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-4"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Personal Loans Offered by Ent Credit Union  </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-5"> Ent Credit Union offers unsecured personal loans starting at 13.90% APR and personal lines of credit (LOC) at 10.24% APR.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-6"> If you’re getting a personal loan, you can use the money for various purposes, such as:  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-7"> <li>Home improvements</li><li>Debt consolidation </li><li>A vacation </li><li>A major purchase</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-8"> According to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574">Investopedia’s 2023 Personal Loan Borrower survey</a>, debt consolidation is the most common reason cited for getting a personal loan. Paying for home improvements and large purchases were the next two most common reasons. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp sc-block-iframe--datawrapper mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-9"> <iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/T6dEU/8/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Debt Consolidation a Popular Reason for a Loan"></iframe><!-- end: comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sc-block-iframe--datawrapper mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-time-to-receive-personal-loan-funds"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-10"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Time to Receive Personal Loan Funds </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-11"> You’ll typically get your funds within 24 hours of completing your application, which is helpful when you need money fast. But know that, in some cases, the approval process can take up to a week.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-borrower-requirements"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-12"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Borrower Requirements </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-13"> You must first be a member to get a personal loan from Ent Credit Union. Then, it analyzes your credit report (if you have one), income, monthly cash flow, and other debt before approving your loan. Ent recommends a minimum credit score of at least 619 if you have a credit history.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-14"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"> <p>If you have fair credit but don’t meet the other requirements to get an Ent loan, review our list of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-for-fair-credit-4798008">best personal loans for fair credit</a> to see where else you might get a loan. </p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-ent-credit-union-personal-loan-features"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-15"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Ent Credit Union Personal Loan Features </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-16"> These features help set Ent personal loans apart from those of other lenders:  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-17"> <li><strong>Offers Skip-A-Pay:</strong> Once your loan has been open for a year, you may qualify for an optional program to defer a loan payment. You’ll need to pay a $25 fee, and your loan will continue to incur finance charges, but it can help if money gets tight. </li><li><strong>Long loan terms:</strong> Ent Credit Union offers terms of up to 84 months. Since many lenders only offer up to 72 months, this can give you extra time to repay at lower monthly payments. </li><li><strong>Limited late fees: </strong>Late fees after your payment is more than 10 days late are $15, no matter the size of your loan. While not the lowest late fees available, this flat fee is on the lower end compared to other lenders.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-18"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Co-Signers and Co-Applicants </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-19"> While many lenders only allow <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co-applicant.asp">co-applicants</a> for personal loans, Ent Credit Union offers the option for a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082115/what-are-cosigners-liable-responsible.asp">co-signer</a>. A co-signer guarantees to repay the loan if you fail to do so. Having one provides additional security for the lender and can help you secure better loan terms. A co-applicant or a co-borrower applies for a loan together with you. They are equally responsible for the debt and its repayment.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-20"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0-1"> <p>Need a co-signer but don’t meet the requirements to join Ent? Browse our picks for the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-with-a-cosigner-4797191">best personal loans with a co-signer</a>. </p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-21"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can You Refinance a Personal Loan With Ent Credit Union? </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-22"> Ent Credit Union allows you to take out a personal loan and refinance it later for better terms or interest rates.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-service"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-23"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Service </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-24"> Ent Credit Union has extended hours to serve its customers better. Here’s how to get in touch with a Member Service Representative: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="table-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-25"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th><b>Medium</b></th> <th><b>Contact</b></th> <th><b>When</b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><b>Telephone</b></td> <td>800-525-9623</td> <td>Weekdays, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. MT<br/>Saturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. MT</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Secure Messages</b></td> <td>Via online banking </td> <td>Weekdays, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. MT<br/>Saturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. MT</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>X (formerly Twitter)</b></td> <td>@Ent_CU</td> <td>24/7</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-satisfaction"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-26"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Satisfaction </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-27"> On TrustPilot, the credit union has a 3.4 out of 5 stars. But that’s based on only eight reviews. Ent is a small, local credit union.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-ent-credit-union-credit-union-membership-requirements"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-28"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Ent Credit Union Credit Union Membership Requirements </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-29"> To become a member of Ent Credit Union, you must meet the following requirements:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-30"> <li>Be 18 years of age or older</li><li>Be a U.S. citizen</li><li>Maintain a $5 pledge share in your savings account that isn’t available for withdrawal</li><li>Live, work, worship, or attend school in one of the 21 Colorado counties that it serves: Adams, Alamosa, Arapahoe, Boulder, Broomfield, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Denver, Douglas, El Paso, Elbert, Fremont, Huerfano, Jefferson, Larimer, Las Animas, Otero, Pueblo, Teller, Weld</li><li>Be civilian or military personnel of the Colorado Air National Guard or Colorado Army National Guard, or be associated with Buckley Air Force Base</li><li>Be the family member of an existing Ent member</li><li>Be a member of the American Consumers Council</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-apply-for-an-ent-credit-union-personal-loan"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-31"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Apply For an Ent Credit Union Personal Loan </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-32"> Completing the Ent Credit Union application online only takes a few minutes. Here’s what you’ll need to do. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-33"> <li><strong>Start your application</strong>: Click the “Apply Now” button on the Ent website and indicate whether you’re an Ent member. Then, make an account or log into an existing account.</li><li><strong>Complete your loan application</strong>: You’ll be asked to provide information about the loan you want (including its intended use). You’ll enter personal and financial details about yourself and any co-signers or co-applicants: Social Security numbers (SSNs), addresses, incomes, and loan amount.</li><li><strong>Wait for loan approval</strong>: It takes one business hour for a loan officer to review your application and make a decision. You can periodically refresh the submission page or check your online account to check the approval status. </li><li><strong>Review and accept loan offer</strong>: Ent will send you a loan offer if approved. Review the terms carefully before signing the loan agreement. </li><li><strong>Receive your loan funds</strong>: If approved, your funds could be deposited into your account within 24 hours after submitting your application. However, processing your loan and receiving your funds could take up to a week.    </li> </ol><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-other-banking-services-and-loans-offered-by-ent-credit-union"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-34"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Other Banking Services and Loans Offered by Ent Credit Union  </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-35"> Ent Credit Union provides a host of other banking services and loans, including:  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-36"> <li>Checking accounts</li><li>Savings accounts</li><li>Money market accounts</li><li>Certificates of deposit (CDs)</li><li>Youth checking, savings, and CD accounts</li><li>Mortgage loans</li><li>Refinancing</li><li>Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs)</li><li>Personal lines of credit</li><li>Credit cards</li><li>Student loans</li><li>Auto loans</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-compare-ent-credit-union-with-other-personal-loan-lenders"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-37"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Compare ENT Credit Union With Other Personal Loan Lenders </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="table-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-38"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th><b>ENT Credit Union</b></th> <th><b><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=a3ac7be1-dc8d-4f73-a417-d381e851a3d3&amp;tag.pref_partner=lendingpoint" rel="sponsored nofollow">LendingPoint</a></b></th> <th><b><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&amp;tag.pref_partner=sofi" rel="sponsored nofollow">SoFi</a></b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><b>APR Range</b></td> <td>10.24%–17.99%</td> <td>7.99%–35.99%</td> <td>8.99%–29.49%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Loan Amounts</b></td> <td>$1,000–$100,000</td> <td>$2,000–$36,500</td> <td>$5,000–$100,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Loan Terms</b></td> <td>36–84 months</td> <td>24–72 months</td> <td>24–84 months</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Recommended Minimum Credit Score</b></td> <td>619</td> <td>660</td> <td>Not disclosed</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Origination Fee</b></td> <td>None</td> <td>Up to 10%</td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Time to Receive Funds</b></td> <td>Same day</td> <td>Same day</td> <td>Same day</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-39"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-40"> Ent Credit Union offers flexible personal loans to people with fair credit scores. Its competitive rate loans offer several advantages, including few fees, payment skips, and a rate reduction for automatic payments. The catch is you must be a member to apply. Since it’s a credit union with a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-join-a-credit-union-7495339">membership requirement</a>, some people may not be eligible. But if you meet the membership requirements, it’s an excellent choice.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-ent-credit-union-located-only-in-colorado"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-41"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is Ent Credit Union Located Only in Colorado? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-42"> Yes, Ent Credit Union is only located in Colorado. Ent Credit Union has over 50 service locations spread throughout 21 counties in Colorado.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-ent-credit-union-fdic-insured"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-43"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is Ent Credit Union FDIC Insured? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-44"> No. As a credit union, Ent is insured by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua.asp">National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)</a>. At least $250,000 of your account funds is insured.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-long-does-it-take-to-get-a-personal-loan-from-ent-credit-union"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-45"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Long Does It Take to Get a Personal Loan From Ent Credit Union?  </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-46"> In most cases, your funds will be deposited within 24 hours of submitting your application. However, the process can sometimes take up to a week. If you need money in a hurry, here are our top picks for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-fast-personal-loans-7110852">fast personal loans</a>.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-ent-credit-union-personal-loans-have-any-origination-fees"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-47"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Do Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Have Any Origination Fees? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-48"> Ent Credit Union does not charge an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/origination-fee.asp">origination fee</a> for personal loans.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-does-ent-credit-union-charge-late-fees-on-its-personal-loans"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-49"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Does Ent Credit Union Charge Late Fees on Its Personal Loans?  </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-50"> If you’re late with your payment, Ent charges a flat $15 <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/late-fee.asp">late fee</a>, no matter the size of your loan.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-methodology"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-51"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Methodology </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-52"> To evaluate and rank personal loan providers we collected hundreds of data points across 70 lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions, fintechs, and special interest finance companies. We researched and evaluated APRs, loan amounts and terms, fees, customer experience, and much more. To rank the lenders in our database and to generate star ratings, we weighted the data we collected, based in part on what consumers told us were the most important features of a personal loan and lender in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574">survey we conducted</a>. We grouped those factors into four broad areas: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-53"> <li>Loan costs (advertised APR, fees, and six other factors): 29.25%</li><li>Loan terms (loan amount, repayment term, and three other factors): 22.25%</li><li>Borrowing requirements (credit score, membership requirement, and six other factors): 28.5%</li><li>Additional features (online application, pre-qualification, and eight other factors): 20%</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-54"> Learn more about how we evaluated personal loans in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280">our complete methodology</a>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp article-body article-content mntl-block --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base --> </span> </div><div class="loc content-bottom"><div class="comp prm-article-sources article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100" id="prm-article-sources_1-0"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading" id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0">Article Sources</div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper" id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0"></div> <div class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block" id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>Ent. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ent.com/globalassets/pdf-files/financial/9-23-stmt-of-condition-signed.pdf">Statement of Condition September 2023.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>Ent Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ent.com/about-us/who-we-are/history/">About Us.</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-3"><p>Trustpilot. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.trustpilot.com/review/ent.com">Ent Credit Union</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-4"><p>Ent Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.ent.com/about-us/who-we-serve/communities-we-serve/">Communities We Serve</a>."</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="8401682" data-ordinal="1" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/alliant-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8401682" id="mntl-card-list-items_1-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Reviews"> <img alt="The Alliant Credit Union logo drifts over a field of mauve and navy rectangles." class="lazyload card__img" data-dim-ratio="1.5" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kqbIluC3AxAlIqPW0wBk2HBHru8=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/BestPersonalLoans_ReviewsImages_Alliant-0afdd3ceb3c341e7807b771ed4023484.jpg" height="300" width="400"/> <noscript> <img alt="The Alliant Credit Union logo drifts over a field of mauve and navy rectangles." class="img--noscript card__img" height="300" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kqbIluC3AxAlIqPW0wBk2HBHru8=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/BestPersonalLoans_ReviewsImages_Alliant-0afdd3ceb3c341e7807b771ed4023484.jpg" width="400"/> </noscript> </div> <div class="card__content" data-tag="Reviews"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text">Alliant Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024</span></span> <div class="card__byline mntl-card__byline" data-byline="By Lorraine Roberte"></div> </div> </a> <a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="8410020" data-ordinal="2" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/service-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8410020" id="mntl-card-list-items_2-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Reviews"> <img alt="Service Credit Union logo" class="lazyload card__img" data-dim-ratio="1.5" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/i4ed2gDDIglmglCFriIlh3wrbpY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/BestPersonalLoans_ReviewsImages_ServiceCreditUnion-f2c51b06bd304ac883a3fbb000501d6d.jpg" height="300" width="400"/> <noscript> <img alt="Service Credit Union logo" class="img--noscript card__img" height="300" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/i4ed2gDDIglmglCFriIlh3wrbpY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/BestPersonalLoans_ReviewsImages_ServiceCreditUnion-f2c51b06bd304ac883a3fbb000501d6d.jpg" width="400"/> </noscript> </div> <div class="card__content" data-tag="Reviews"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text">Service Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024</span></span> <div class="card__byline mntl-card__byline" data-byline="By Lorraine Roberte"></div> </div> </a> <a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="8604639" data-ordinal="3" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/blaze-credit-union-personal-loan-review-8604639" id="mntl-card-list-items_3-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Personal Loans"> <img alt="A man and a woman investigate a new washing machine set in a line of similar-looking machines in an appliance store. 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![ENT Credit Union logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-dE2QEc7xf9amIQ9p7FG6sAjN-Y=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg) ![ENT Credit Union logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-dE2QEc7xf9amIQ9p7FG6sAjN-Y=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg) Ent Credit Union / Investopedia Investopedia’s Rating 4.2 [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=ent-cu) **Our Take** A personal loan from Ent Credit Union might be a great option if you live in its membership area and have fair or better credit. You can borrow up to $100,000 and get the funds deposited into your account quickly. Moreover, this is one of the few lenders we reviewed that allows a co-signer.  ## Top Rated For * [Best for Fast Funding Best Emergency Loans for Bad Credit for May 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/emergency-loans-for-bad-credit-5075539#toc-ent-credit-union) * Pros & Cons * Key Takeaways * Company Overview * specifications Pros & Cons Pros * Can apply without a credit history * Can apply with fair credit * Offers autopay discount * Accepts co-signers Cons * Membership required * No pre-qualification * Longer minimum repayment term required Key Takeaways * Ent Credit Union offers unsecured personal loans from $1,000 to $100,000. * The company has long loan terms available, up to 84 months. * The lender offers various loan discounts and features. Company Overview Ent Credit Union was founded in 1957 to serve the Ent Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Since then, the credit union has grown to 21 counties along the state’s Front Range. Ent Credit Union serves more than 500,000 members at over 50 service centers and has about $3 billion in consumer loans on the books as of September 2023. The credit union has good customer reviews and claims to prioritize customer service. specifications APR Range 10.24% - 17.99% Loan Amount $1,000 - $100,000 Loan Terms 36 months - 84 months Recommended Minimum Credit Score 619 Average Origination Fee 0.00% Late Fee $15 Why Trust Us 70 Lenders reviewed 31 Loan features considered 1,680 Data points analyzed 173 Primary data sources used Investopedia collected key data points from several lenders to identify the most important factors to borrowers. We used this data to review each lender for fees, accessibility, repayment terms, and other features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right borrowing decision for their needs. [Read our Full Methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280) ![ENT Credit Union logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8k2x_c15bbka3DOQ5_fNi8hj_Tw=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg) ![ENT Credit Union logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8k2x_c15bbka3DOQ5_fNi8hj_Tw=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/ENT-Credit-Union-logo-e67607699e5c44969608565f3998998e.jpg) Ent Credit Union / Investopedia overall rating 4.2 [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=ent-cu) Table of Contents View All Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 * [Pros Explained](#toc-pros-explained) * [Cons Explained](#toc-cons-explained) * [Types of Loans](#toc-types-of-personal-loans-offered-by-ent-credit-union) * [Time to Receive Funds](#toc-time-to-receive-personal-loan-funds) * [Borrower Requirements](#toc-borrower-requirements) * [Loan Features](#toc-ent-credit-union-personal-loan-features) * [Customer Service](#toc-customer-service) * [Customer Satisfaction](#toc-customer-satisfaction) * [Membership Requirements](#toc-ent-credit-union-credit-union-membership-requirements) * [How to Apply](#toc-how-to-apply-for-an-ent-credit-union-personal-loan) * [Other Services](#toc-other-banking-services-and-loans-offered-by-ent-credit-union) * [Alternative Lenders](#toc-compare-ent-credit-union-with-other-personal-loan-lenders) * [The Bottom Line](#toc-the-bottom-line) * [Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)](#toc-is-ent-credit-union-located-only-in-colorado) * [Methodology](#toc-methodology) ## Pros Explained * **Can apply without a credit history**: Many lenders won’t let you apply for a loan without a credit history, but Ent will consider your application. * **Can apply with fair credit**: You may need a credit score of 700 or higher with some lenders, Ent Credit Union only recommends a minimum credit score of 619. * **Offers autopay discount**: You can get a 0.25% rate reduction when you sign up for automatic payments. * **Accepts co-signers:** If your credit is less than ideal, a co-signer with better credit can help you get approved for an Ent personal loan. Most lenders that we reviewed don’t allow that. ## Cons Explained * **Membership required**: Ent Credit Union’s membership is limited to those who live, work, worship, or attend school in a Colorado community it serves. Family of current members can also join. Alternatively, consumers can qualify to become an Ent member in all US states by establishing membership with the American Consumer Council, a non-profit consumer education organization that charges a one-time $15 fee. * **No pre-qualification**: When you apply for a personal loan with Ent Credit Union, it does a hard credit check. No pre-qualification or pre-application with a soft credit inquiry is available. * **Longer repayment term required**: The shortest repayment term you can request is 36 months, or three years. You must use a different lender if you’re looking for a short-term loan to pay off in a year or two. ## Types of Personal Loans Offered by Ent Credit Union Ent Credit Union offers unsecured personal loans starting at 13.90% APR and personal lines of credit (LOC) at 10.24% APR.  If you’re getting a personal loan, you can use the money for various purposes, such as:  * Home improvements * Debt consolidation * A vacation * A major purchase According to [Investopedia’s 2023 Personal Loan Borrower survey](https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574), debt consolidation is the most common reason cited for getting a personal loan. Paying for home improvements and large purchases were the next two most common reasons. ## Time to Receive Personal Loan Funds You’ll typically get your funds within 24 hours of completing your application, which is helpful when you need money fast. But know that, in some cases, the approval process can take up to a week.  ## Borrower Requirements You must first be a member to get a personal loan from Ent Credit Union. Then, it analyzes your credit report (if you have one), income, monthly cash flow, and other debt before approving your loan. Ent recommends a minimum credit score of at least 619 if you have a credit history.  If you have fair credit but don’t meet the other requirements to get an Ent loan, review our list of [best personal loans for fair credit](https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-for-fair-credit-4798008) to see where else you might get a loan.  ## Ent Credit Union Personal Loan Features These features help set Ent personal loans apart from those of other lenders:  * **Offers Skip-A-Pay:** Once your loan has been open for a year, you may qualify for an optional program to defer a loan payment. You’ll need to pay a $25 fee, and your loan will continue to incur finance charges, but it can help if money gets tight. * **Long loan terms:** Ent Credit Union offers terms of up to 84 months. Since many lenders only offer up to 72 months, this can give you extra time to repay at lower monthly payments. * **Limited late fees:** Late fees after your payment is more than 10 days late are $15, no matter the size of your loan. While not the lowest late fees available, this flat fee is on the lower end compared to other lenders. ### Co-Signers and Co-Applicants While many lenders only allow [co-applicants](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co-applicant.asp) for personal loans, Ent Credit Union offers the option for a [co-signer](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082115/what-are-cosigners-liable-responsible.asp). A co-signer guarantees to repay the loan if you fail to do so. Having one provides additional security for the lender and can help you secure better loan terms. A co-applicant or a co-borrower applies for a loan together with you. They are equally responsible for the debt and its repayment.  Need a co-signer but don’t meet the requirements to join Ent? Browse our picks for the [best personal loans with a co-signer](https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-with-a-cosigner-4797191).  ### Can You Refinance a Personal Loan With Ent Credit Union? Ent Credit Union allows you to take out a personal loan and refinance it later for better terms or interest rates.  ## Customer Service Ent Credit Union has extended hours to serve its customers better. Here’s how to get in touch with a Member Service Representative: | **Medium** | **Contact** | **When** | | --- | --- | --- | | **Telephone** | 800-525-9623 | Weekdays, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. MTSaturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. MT | | **Secure Messages** | Via online banking | Weekdays, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. MTSaturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. MT | | **X (formerly Twitter)** | @Ent\_CU | 24/7 | ## Customer Satisfaction On TrustPilot, the credit union has a 3.4 out of 5 stars. But that’s based on only eight reviews. Ent is a small, local credit union. ## Ent Credit Union Credit Union Membership Requirements To become a member of Ent Credit Union, you must meet the following requirements:  * Be 18 years of age or older * Be a U.S. citizen * Maintain a $5 pledge share in your savings account that isn’t available for withdrawal * Live, work, worship, or attend school in one of the 21 Colorado counties that it serves: Adams, Alamosa, Arapahoe, Boulder, Broomfield, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Denver, Douglas, El Paso, Elbert, Fremont, Huerfano, Jefferson, Larimer, Las Animas, Otero, Pueblo, Teller, Weld * Be civilian or military personnel of the Colorado Air National Guard or Colorado Army National Guard, or be associated with Buckley Air Force Base * Be the family member of an existing Ent member * Be a member of the American Consumers Council ## How to Apply For an Ent Credit Union Personal Loan Completing the Ent Credit Union application online only takes a few minutes. Here’s what you’ll need to do. 1. **Start your application**: Click the “Apply Now” button on the Ent website and indicate whether you’re an Ent member. Then, make an account or log into an existing account. 2. **Complete your loan application**: You’ll be asked to provide information about the loan you want (including its intended use). You’ll enter personal and financial details about yourself and any co-signers or co-applicants: Social Security numbers (SSNs), addresses, incomes, and loan amount. 3. **Wait for loan approval**: It takes one business hour for a loan officer to review your application and make a decision. You can periodically refresh the submission page or check your online account to check the approval status. 4. **Review and accept loan offer**: Ent will send you a loan offer if approved. Review the terms carefully before signing the loan agreement. 5. **Receive your loan funds**: If approved, your funds could be deposited into your account within 24 hours after submitting your application. However, processing your loan and receiving your funds could take up to a week. ## Other Banking Services and Loans Offered by Ent Credit Union Ent Credit Union provides a host of other banking services and loans, including:  * Checking accounts * Savings accounts * Money market accounts * Certificates of deposit (CDs) * Youth checking, savings, and CD accounts * Mortgage loans * Refinancing * Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) * Personal lines of credit * Credit cards * Student loans * Auto loans ## Compare ENT Credit Union With Other Personal Loan Lenders | | **ENT Credit Union** | **[LendingPoint](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=a3ac7be1-dc8d-4f73-a417-d381e851a3d3&tag.pref_partner=lendingpoint)** | **[SoFi](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&tag.pref_partner=sofi)** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **APR Range** | 10.24%–17.99% | 7.99%–35.99% | 8.99%–29.49% | | **Loan Amounts** | $1,000–$100,000 | $2,000–$36,500 | $5,000–$100,000 | | **Loan Terms** | 36–84 months | 24–72 months | 24–84 months | | **Recommended Minimum Credit Score** | 619 | 660 | Not disclosed | | **Origination Fee** | None | Up to 10% | None | | **Time to Receive Funds** | Same day | Same day | Same day | ## The Bottom Line Ent Credit Union offers flexible personal loans to people with fair credit scores. Its competitive rate loans offer several advantages, including few fees, payment skips, and a rate reduction for automatic payments. The catch is you must be a member to apply. Since it’s a credit union with a [membership requirement](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-join-a-credit-union-7495339), some people may not be eligible. But if you meet the membership requirements, it’s an excellent choice.  ## Is Ent Credit Union Located Only in Colorado? Yes, Ent Credit Union is only located in Colorado. Ent Credit Union has over 50 service locations spread throughout 21 counties in Colorado.  ## Is Ent Credit Union FDIC Insured? No. As a credit union, Ent is insured by the [National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua.asp). At least $250,000 of your account funds is insured.  ## How Long Does It Take to Get a Personal Loan From Ent Credit Union? In most cases, your funds will be deposited within 24 hours of submitting your application. However, the process can sometimes take up to a week. If you need money in a hurry, here are our top picks for [fast personal loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-fast-personal-loans-7110852).  ## Do Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Have Any Origination Fees? Ent Credit Union does not charge an [origination fee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/origination-fee.asp) for personal loans.  ## Does Ent Credit Union Charge Late Fees on Its Personal Loans? If you’re late with your payment, Ent charges a flat $15 [late fee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/late-fee.asp), no matter the size of your loan.  ## Methodology To evaluate and rank personal loan providers we collected hundreds of data points across 70 lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions, fintechs, and special interest finance companies. We researched and evaluated APRs, loan amounts and terms, fees, customer experience, and much more. To rank the lenders in our database and to generate star ratings, we weighted the data we collected, based in part on what consumers told us were the most important features of a personal loan and lender in a [survey we conducted](https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574). We grouped those factors into four broad areas: * Loan costs (advertised APR, fees, and six other factors): 29.25% * Loan terms (loan amount, repayment term, and three other factors): 22.25% * Borrowing requirements (credit score, membership requirement, and six other factors): 28.5% * Additional features (online application, pre-qualification, and eight other factors): 20% Learn more about how we evaluated personal loans in [our complete methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280). Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. Ent. "[Statement of Condition September 2023.](https://www.ent.com/globalassets/pdf-files/financial/9-23-stmt-of-condition-signed.pdf)" 2. Ent Credit Union. "[About Us.](https://www.ent.com/about-us/who-we-are/history/)" 3. Trustpilot. "[Ent Credit Union](https://www.trustpilot.com/review/ent.com)." 4. Ent Credit Union. "[Communities We Serve](https://www.ent.com/about-us/who-we-serve/communities-we-serve/)." 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Ent Credit Union / Investopedia Investopedia’s Rating 4.2 Check Rates Our Take A personal loan from Ent Credit Union might be a great option if you live in its membership area and have fair or better credit. You can borrow up to $100,000 and get the funds deposited into your account quickly. Moreover, this is one of the few lenders we reviewed that allows a co-signer.  Top Rated For Best for Fast Funding Best Emergency Loans for Bad Credit for May 2024 Pros & Cons Key Takeaways Company Overview specifications Pros & Cons Pros Can apply without a credit history Can apply with fair credit  Offers autopay discount  Accepts co-signers Cons Membership required No pre-qualification  Longer minimum repayment term required Key Takeaways Ent Credit Union offers unsecured personal loans from $1,000 to $100,000.The company has long loan terms available, up to 84 months. The lender offers various loan discounts and features. Company Overview Ent Credit Union was founded in 1957 to serve the Ent Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Since then, the credit union has grown to 21 counties along the state’s Front Range. Ent Credit Union serves more than 500,000 members at over 50 service centers and has about $3 billion in consumer loans on the books as of September 2023. The credit union has good customer reviews and claims to prioritize customer service. specifications APR Range 10.24% - 17.99% Loan Amount $1,000 - $100,000 Loan Terms 36 months - 84 months Recommended Minimum Credit Score 619 Average Origination Fee 0.00% Late Fee $15 Why Trust Us 70 Lenders reviewed 31 Loan features considered 1,680 Data points analyzed 173 Primary data sources used Investopedia collected key data points from several lenders to identify the most important factors to borrowers. We used this data to review each lender for fees, accessibility, repayment terms, and other features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right borrowing decision for their needs. Read our Full Methodology Ent Credit Union / Investopedia overall rating 4.2 Check Rates Table of Contents View All Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 Pros Explained Cons Explained Types of Loans Time to Receive Funds Borrower Requirements Loan Features Customer Service Customer Satisfaction Membership Requirements How to Apply Other Services Alternative Lenders The Bottom Line Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Methodology Pros Explained Can apply without a credit history: Many lenders won’t let you apply for a loan without a credit history, but Ent will consider your application. Can apply with fair credit: You may need a credit score of 700 or higher with some lenders, Ent Credit Union only recommends a minimum credit score of 619. Offers autopay discount: You can get a 0.25% rate reduction when you sign up for automatic payments. Accepts co-signers: If your credit is less than ideal, a co-signer with better credit can help you get approved for an Ent personal loan. Most lenders that we reviewed don’t allow that.  Cons Explained Membership required: Ent Credit Union’s membership is limited to those who live, work, worship, or attend school in a Colorado community it serves. Family of current members can also join. Alternatively, consumers can qualify to become an Ent member in all US states by establishing membership with the American Consumer Council, a non-profit consumer education organization that charges a one-time $15 fee.No pre-qualification: When you apply for a personal loan with Ent Credit Union, it does a hard credit check. No pre-qualification or pre-application with a soft credit inquiry is available. Longer repayment term required: The shortest repayment term you can request is 36 months, or three years. You must use a different lender if you’re looking for a short-term loan to pay off in a year or two. Types of Personal Loans Offered by Ent Credit Union  Ent Credit Union offers unsecured personal loans starting at 13.90% APR and personal lines of credit (LOC) at 10.24% APR.  If you’re getting a personal loan, you can use the money for various purposes, such as:  Home improvementsDebt consolidation A vacation A major purchase According to Investopedia’s 2023 Personal Loan Borrower survey, debt consolidation is the most common reason cited for getting a personal loan. Paying for home improvements and large purchases were the next two most common reasons. Time to Receive Personal Loan Funds You’ll typically get your funds within 24 hours of completing your application, which is helpful when you need money fast. But know that, in some cases, the approval process can take up to a week.  Borrower Requirements You must first be a member to get a personal loan from Ent Credit Union. Then, it analyzes your credit report (if you have one), income, monthly cash flow, and other debt before approving your loan. Ent recommends a minimum credit score of at least 619 if you have a credit history.  If you have fair credit but don’t meet the other requirements to get an Ent loan, review our list of best personal loans for fair credit to see where else you might get a loan.  Ent Credit Union Personal Loan Features These features help set Ent personal loans apart from those of other lenders:  Offers Skip-A-Pay: Once your loan has been open for a year, you may qualify for an optional program to defer a loan payment. You’ll need to pay a $25 fee, and your loan will continue to incur finance charges, but it can help if money gets tight. Long loan terms: Ent Credit Union offers terms of up to 84 months. Since many lenders only offer up to 72 months, this can give you extra time to repay at lower monthly payments. Limited late fees: Late fees after your payment is more than 10 days late are $15, no matter the size of your loan. While not the lowest late fees available, this flat fee is on the lower end compared to other lenders. Co-Signers and Co-Applicants While many lenders only allow co-applicants for personal loans, Ent Credit Union offers the option for a co-signer. A co-signer guarantees to repay the loan if you fail to do so. Having one provides additional security for the lender and can help you secure better loan terms. A co-applicant or a co-borrower applies for a loan together with you. They are equally responsible for the debt and its repayment.  Need a co-signer but don’t meet the requirements to join Ent? Browse our picks for the best personal loans with a co-signer.  Can You Refinance a Personal Loan With Ent Credit Union? Ent Credit Union allows you to take out a personal loan and refinance it later for better terms or interest rates.  Customer Service Ent Credit Union has extended hours to serve its customers better. Here’s how to get in touch with a Member Service Representative: Medium Contact When Telephone 800-525-9623 Weekdays, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. MTSaturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. MT Secure Messages Via online banking  Weekdays, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. MTSaturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. MT X (formerly Twitter) @Ent_CU 24/7 Customer Satisfaction On TrustPilot, the credit union has a 3.4 out of 5 stars. But that’s based on only eight reviews. Ent is a small, local credit union. Ent Credit Union Credit Union Membership Requirements To become a member of Ent Credit Union, you must meet the following requirements:  Be 18 years of age or olderBe a U.S. citizenMaintain a $5 pledge share in your savings account that isn’t available for withdrawalLive, work, worship, or attend school in one of the 21 Colorado counties that it serves: Adams, Alamosa, Arapahoe, Boulder, Broomfield, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Denver, Douglas, El Paso, Elbert, Fremont, Huerfano, Jefferson, Larimer, Las Animas, Otero, Pueblo, Teller, WeldBe civilian or military personnel of the Colorado Air National Guard or Colorado Army National Guard, or be associated with Buckley Air Force BaseBe the family member of an existing Ent memberBe a member of the American Consumers Council How to Apply For an Ent Credit Union Personal Loan Completing the Ent Credit Union application online only takes a few minutes. Here’s what you’ll need to do. Start your application: Click the “Apply Now” button on the Ent website and indicate whether you’re an Ent member. Then, make an account or log into an existing account.Complete your loan application: You’ll be asked to provide information about the loan you want (including its intended use). You’ll enter personal and financial details about yourself and any co-signers or co-applicants: Social Security numbers (SSNs), addresses, incomes, and loan amount.Wait for loan approval: It takes one business hour for a loan officer to review your application and make a decision. You can periodically refresh the submission page or check your online account to check the approval status. Review and accept loan offer: Ent will send you a loan offer if approved. Review the terms carefully before signing the loan agreement. Receive your loan funds: If approved, your funds could be deposited into your account within 24 hours after submitting your application. However, processing your loan and receiving your funds could take up to a week.     Other Banking Services and Loans Offered by Ent Credit Union  Ent Credit Union provides a host of other banking services and loans, including:  Checking accountsSavings accountsMoney market accountsCertificates of deposit (CDs)Youth checking, savings, and CD accountsMortgage loansRefinancingHome equity lines of credit (HELOCs)Personal lines of creditCredit cardsStudent loansAuto loans Compare ENT Credit Union With Other Personal Loan Lenders ENT Credit Union LendingPoint SoFi APR Range 10.24%–17.99% 7.99%–35.99% 8.99%–29.49% Loan Amounts $1,000–$100,000 $2,000–$36,500 $5,000–$100,000 Loan Terms 36–84 months 24–72 months 24–84 months Recommended Minimum Credit Score 619 660 Not disclosed Origination Fee None Up to 10% None Time to Receive Funds Same day Same day Same day The Bottom Line Ent Credit Union offers flexible personal loans to people with fair credit scores. Its competitive rate loans offer several advantages, including few fees, payment skips, and a rate reduction for automatic payments. The catch is you must be a member to apply. Since it’s a credit union with a membership requirement, some people may not be eligible. But if you meet the membership requirements, it’s an excellent choice.  Is Ent Credit Union Located Only in Colorado? Yes, Ent Credit Union is only located in Colorado. Ent Credit Union has over 50 service locations spread throughout 21 counties in Colorado.  Is Ent Credit Union FDIC Insured? No. As a credit union, Ent is insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). At least $250,000 of your account funds is insured.  How Long Does It Take to Get a Personal Loan From Ent Credit Union?  In most cases, your funds will be deposited within 24 hours of submitting your application. However, the process can sometimes take up to a week. If you need money in a hurry, here are our top picks for fast personal loans.  Do Ent Credit Union Personal Loans Have Any Origination Fees? Ent Credit Union does not charge an origination fee for personal loans.  Does Ent Credit Union Charge Late Fees on Its Personal Loans?  If you’re late with your payment, Ent charges a flat $15 late fee, no matter the size of your loan.  Methodology To evaluate and rank personal loan providers we collected hundreds of data points across 70 lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions, fintechs, and special interest finance companies. We researched and evaluated APRs, loan amounts and terms, fees, customer experience, and much more. To rank the lenders in our database and to generate star ratings, we weighted the data we collected, based in part on what consumers told us were the most important features of a personal loan and lender in a survey we conducted. We grouped those factors into four broad areas: Loan costs (advertised APR, fees, and six other factors): 29.25%Loan terms (loan amount, repayment term, and three other factors): 22.25%Borrowing requirements (credit score, membership requirement, and six other factors): 28.5%Additional features (online application, pre-qualification, and eight other factors): 20% Learn more about how we evaluated personal loans in our complete methodology. Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Ent. "Statement of Condition September 2023." Ent Credit Union. "About Us." Trustpilot. "Ent Credit Union." Ent Credit Union. "Communities We Serve." Related Articles Alliant Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 Service Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 Blaze Credit Union Personal Loan Review 2024 Teachers Federal Credit Union Personal Loan Review 2024 Navy Federal Personal Loans Review 2024 Summit Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024
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https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/071514/why-social-security-running-out-money.asp
Why Is Social Security Running Out of Money?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Social Security was created as a contributory old-age insurance plan with limited and phased-in benefits for retirees in 1935. The program extended <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/social-security-survivor-benefits-work/">benefits to survivors</a> of beneficiaries by 1939, to farm and domestic workers and the self-employed in 1950, and to disabled workers in 1957. Congress postponed planned payroll tax increases during the program's early years.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> The pattern of favoring political expediency over the system's long-term solvency persists. With payroll taxes no longer fully covering the benefits paid out, Social Security's cash reserves are projected to run out by 2033. Benefits will have to be reduced by more than 20% at that point unless Congress enacts a legislative fix.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Social Security benefits are funded by a dedicated payroll tax paid by employees, employers, and the self-employed.</li><li>Current taxes and any accumulated surplus fund everyone's benefits. Payroll tax contributions are not reserved for future payouts to the particular taxpayer.</li><li>Fewer workers are left to contribute toward the benefits of each retiree as Baby Boomers retire and the U.S. population ages.</li><li>Social Security's retirement benefits trust fund is projected to deplete reserves in 2033, leaving it reliant on tax receipts covering 79% of scheduled benefits.</li><li>Members of Congress continue to put forth proposals to address the shortfall in the Social Security program.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-social-security"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Social Security </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> The Social Security program is funded through the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fica.asp">Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)</a> tax, a dedicated payroll tax. Social Security taxes amount to 12.4% of wages up to a cap on taxable annual income set at $168,600 in 2024. Employees and employers split the tax contributions 50/50, with employees paying 6.2% of their wages and employers paying the other 6.2%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="39"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-act.asp">Social Security Act</a> became law with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's signature on Aug. 14, 1935. But it would take more time for the Social Security program to turn into the mainstay of the U.S. social safety net.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> You pay the entire 12.4% if <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/030216/social-security-selfemployed-how-it-works.asp">you're self-employed</a>, but you can deduct half of that from your taxable income as an above-the-line adjustment to income. Receipts go into the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-trust-fund.asp">Social Security trust funds</a>, which use them to pay benefits. The funds invest any surplus in U.S. government debt.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="36"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payrolltax.asp">payroll taxes</a> you contribute to the Social Security system aren't set aside to pay your benefits when you become eligible. They fund payouts for current beneficiaries or are saved as part of the system's surplus. This means that everyone's future benefits depend on the solvency of the entire Social Security system rather than on their own contributions.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block with-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0">2033</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>The year the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/old-age-and-survivors-insurance-trust-fund.asp">Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund</a> used to pay Social Security retirement benefits will be depleted, according to 2024 projections by Social Security trustees. Ongoing payroll receipts will cover 79% of scheduled benefits at this point.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-problem-with-social-security"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Problem With Social Security </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Americans have fewer children and live longer, and these trends contribute to an aging population. The outsized generation of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/baby_boomer.asp">Baby Boomers</a> (those born between 1946 and 1964) is retiring at a record pace, further lowering the proportion of the population in the workforce.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Older people are expected to outnumber children for the first time in U.S. history by 2034. All Baby Boomers will be older than 65 by 2030. This means that one in every five residents will be in retirement age. By 2034, there will be 77 million people 65 and over compared to 76.5 million under the age of 18.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="40"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> There will be fewer workers to support each retiree in the future as a result. The ratio of workers paying Social Security taxes per beneficiary is projected to decline from 2.7 in 2023 to 2.4 by 2035.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> The 2024 report from the Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees predicted that Social Security's trust fund for retirement benefits will deplete its reserves in 2033, the same as was projected in 2023. Tax receipts are expected to cover 79% of the scheduled benefits at that point. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> The Old Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, which pays retirement and survivor's benefits, isn't the only Social Security fund projected to deplete its reserves. The trustees' 2024 report also predicted that the Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund, which finances Medicare Part A, will be depleted in 2036, five years later than projected in 2023. Payroll taxes will cover 89% of scheduled benefits after that point.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-possible-solutions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Possible Solutions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Fortunately, a large, across-the-board benefits cut is only the worst-case scenario. Congress has more than a decade to act to shore up Social Security's finances, and lawmakers continue to generate proposals for doing so. The Social Security Administration routinely publishes estimates of such plans' projected effects on the Social Security trust funds.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Congress has options for how to fill the gap in Social Security funding. These include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <li>Raising payroll taxes</li><li>Lowering benefits</li><li>Setting a higher retirement age</li><li>A combination of all these options</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> The growing population of retirees is likely to become an even more politically powerful constituency, one with a direct financial incentive to defend Social Security benefits and assure the system's future. Despite its reluctance to increase Social Security payroll taxes in the program's early years, Congress has subsequently approved numerous such hikes to preserve the program.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="26"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Proposals to means-test benefits and to eliminate the annual cap on income subject to Social Security taxes have fewer historical precedents, but they may enjoy more popular support.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> Social Security's projected long-term funding shortfall of 3.5% of taxable payroll is manageable, but the program's trustees note in their report that Congress must act quickly to create a workable plan and reassure taxpayers. The longer the fix takes, the more painful the solution is likely to prove for everyone who depends on it.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-social-security-benefits"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are Social Security Benefits?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Social Security benefits are monthly payments made to qualified retirees and disabled workers. These benefits can also be paid to spouses, ex-spouses, children, and survivors. Benefits are paid out of the Social Security trust funds, which are funded by payroll taxes from current workers. The value of benefits depends on factors such as your income and how old you are when you start taking Social Security.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="36"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-full-retirement-age"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is Full Retirement Age?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Full retirement age (FRA) is the age at which you're eligible for full retirement benefits from Social Security. FRAs vary depending on when you were born. It's 66 years and two months for those born in 1955 and it gradually increases to 67 for those born in 1960 and after. Your monthly benefit will be lower if you start taking Social Security benefits before you reach full retirement age.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="41"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-will-social-security-disappear-when-it-runs-out-of-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Will Social Security Disappear When It Runs Out of Money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The prediction that Social Security will be depleted doesn't mean that Social Security will disappear in 2033. It means the trust fund that helps pay retirement benefits will run out of money. Social Security will continue to be funded from the FICA taxes that are paid annually by workers and employers, but these payroll taxes will only be able to cover 79% of retirement benefits without contributions from the trust fund unless Congress acts to fix the program.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> Retirement benefits from Social Security are funded by a payroll tax that's paid by employees and employers. The money you pay into Social Security isn't set aside for you personally. These current taxes plus the money in the Social Security trust fund pay for everyone's benefits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> There are fewer workers left to contribute to retirement benefits as the U.S. population ages and more Baby Boomers retire. The Social Security retirement trust fund is projected to be depleted by 2033 as a result. Current payroll taxes will be enough to cover 79% of scheduled retirement benefits at that point unless Congress passes legislation to fix the program. </p></div>
Social Security was created as a contributory old-age insurance plan with limited and phased-in benefits for retirees in 1935. The program extended [benefits to survivors](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/social-security-survivor-benefits-work/) of beneficiaries by 1939, to farm and domestic workers and the self-employed in 1950, and to disabled workers in 1957. Congress postponed planned payroll tax increases during the program's early years. The pattern of favoring political expediency over the system's long-term solvency persists. With payroll taxes no longer fully covering the benefits paid out, Social Security's cash reserves are projected to run out by 2033. Benefits will have to be reduced by more than 20% at that point unless Congress enacts a legislative fix. ### Key Takeaways * Social Security benefits are funded by a dedicated payroll tax paid by employees, employers, and the self-employed. * Current taxes and any accumulated surplus fund everyone's benefits. Payroll tax contributions are not reserved for future payouts to the particular taxpayer. * Fewer workers are left to contribute toward the benefits of each retiree as Baby Boomers retire and the U.S. population ages. * Social Security's retirement benefits trust fund is projected to deplete reserves in 2033, leaving it reliant on tax receipts covering 79% of scheduled benefits. * Members of Congress continue to put forth proposals to address the shortfall in the Social Security program. ## Understanding Social Security The Social Security program is funded through the [Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fica.asp) tax, a dedicated payroll tax. Social Security taxes amount to 12.4% of wages up to a cap on taxable annual income set at $168,600 in 2024. Employees and employers split the tax contributions 50/50, with employees paying 6.2% of their wages and employers paying the other 6.2%. ### The [Social Security Act](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-act.asp) became law with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's signature on Aug. 14, 1935. But it would take more time for the Social Security program to turn into the mainstay of the U.S. social safety net. You pay the entire 12.4% if [you're self-employed](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/030216/social-security-selfemployed-how-it-works.asp), but you can deduct half of that from your taxable income as an above-the-line adjustment to income. Receipts go into the [Social Security trust funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-trust-fund.asp), which use them to pay benefits. The funds invest any surplus in U.S. government debt. The [payroll taxes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payrolltax.asp) you contribute to the Social Security system aren't set aside to pay your benefits when you become eligible. They fund payouts for current beneficiaries or are saved as part of the system's surplus. This means that everyone's future benefits depend on the solvency of the entire Social Security system rather than on their own contributions. ### 2033 The year the [Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/old-age-and-survivors-insurance-trust-fund.asp) used to pay Social Security retirement benefits will be depleted, according to 2024 projections by Social Security trustees. Ongoing payroll receipts will cover 79% of scheduled benefits at this point. ## The Problem With Social Security Americans have fewer children and live longer, and these trends contribute to an aging population. The outsized generation of [Baby Boomers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/baby_boomer.asp) (those born between 1946 and 1964) is retiring at a record pace, further lowering the proportion of the population in the workforce. Older people are expected to outnumber children for the first time in U.S. history by 2034. All Baby Boomers will be older than 65 by 2030. This means that one in every five residents will be in retirement age. By 2034, there will be 77 million people 65 and over compared to 76.5 million under the age of 18. There will be fewer workers to support each retiree in the future as a result. The ratio of workers paying Social Security taxes per beneficiary is projected to decline from 2.7 in 2023 to 2.4 by 2035. The 2024 report from the Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees predicted that Social Security's trust fund for retirement benefits will deplete its reserves in 2033, the same as was projected in 2023. Tax receipts are expected to cover 79% of the scheduled benefits at that point. The Old Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, which pays retirement and survivor's benefits, isn't the only Social Security fund projected to deplete its reserves. The trustees' 2024 report also predicted that the Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund, which finances Medicare Part A, will be depleted in 2036, five years later than projected in 2023. Payroll taxes will cover 89% of scheduled benefits after that point. ## Possible Solutions Fortunately, a large, across-the-board benefits cut is only the worst-case scenario. Congress has more than a decade to act to shore up Social Security's finances, and lawmakers continue to generate proposals for doing so. The Social Security Administration routinely publishes estimates of such plans' projected effects on the Social Security trust funds. Congress has options for how to fill the gap in Social Security funding. These include: 1. Raising payroll taxes 2. Lowering benefits 3. Setting a higher retirement age 4. A combination of all these options The growing population of retirees is likely to become an even more politically powerful constituency, one with a direct financial incentive to defend Social Security benefits and assure the system's future. Despite its reluctance to increase Social Security payroll taxes in the program's early years, Congress has subsequently approved numerous such hikes to preserve the program. Proposals to means-test benefits and to eliminate the annual cap on income subject to Social Security taxes have fewer historical precedents, but they may enjoy more popular support. Social Security's projected long-term funding shortfall of 3.5% of taxable payroll is manageable, but the program's trustees note in their report that Congress must act quickly to create a workable plan and reassure taxpayers. The longer the fix takes, the more painful the solution is likely to prove for everyone who depends on it. ## What Are Social Security Benefits? Social Security benefits are monthly payments made to qualified retirees and disabled workers. These benefits can also be paid to spouses, ex-spouses, children, and survivors. Benefits are paid out of the Social Security trust funds, which are funded by payroll taxes from current workers. The value of benefits depends on factors such as your income and how old you are when you start taking Social Security. ## What Is Full Retirement Age? Full retirement age (FRA) is the age at which you're eligible for full retirement benefits from Social Security. FRAs vary depending on when you were born. It's 66 years and two months for those born in 1955 and it gradually increases to 67 for those born in 1960 and after. Your monthly benefit will be lower if you start taking Social Security benefits before you reach full retirement age. ## Will Social Security Disappear When It Runs Out of Money? The prediction that Social Security will be depleted doesn't mean that Social Security will disappear in 2033. It means the trust fund that helps pay retirement benefits will run out of money. Social Security will continue to be funded from the FICA taxes that are paid annually by workers and employers, but these payroll taxes will only be able to cover 79% of retirement benefits without contributions from the trust fund unless Congress acts to fix the program. ## The Bottom Line Retirement benefits from Social Security are funded by a payroll tax that's paid by employees and employers. The money you pay into Social Security isn't set aside for you personally. These current taxes plus the money in the Social Security trust fund pay for everyone's benefits. There are fewer workers left to contribute to retirement benefits as the U.S. population ages and more Baby Boomers retire. The Social Security retirement trust fund is projected to be depleted by 2033 as a result. Current payroll taxes will be enough to cover 79% of scheduled retirement benefits at that point unless Congress passes legislation to fix the program.
Social Security was created as a contributory old-age insurance plan with limited and phased-in benefits for retirees in 1935. The program extended benefits to survivors of beneficiaries by 1939, to farm and domestic workers and the self-employed in 1950, and to disabled workers in 1957. Congress postponed planned payroll tax increases during the program's early years. The pattern of favoring political expediency over the system's long-term solvency persists. With payroll taxes no longer fully covering the benefits paid out, Social Security's cash reserves are projected to run out by 2033. Benefits will have to be reduced by more than 20% at that point unless Congress enacts a legislative fix. Key Takeaways Social Security benefits are funded by a dedicated payroll tax paid by employees, employers, and the self-employed.Current taxes and any accumulated surplus fund everyone's benefits. Payroll tax contributions are not reserved for future payouts to the particular taxpayer.Fewer workers are left to contribute toward the benefits of each retiree as Baby Boomers retire and the U.S. population ages.Social Security's retirement benefits trust fund is projected to deplete reserves in 2033, leaving it reliant on tax receipts covering 79% of scheduled benefits.Members of Congress continue to put forth proposals to address the shortfall in the Social Security program. Understanding Social Security The Social Security program is funded through the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax, a dedicated payroll tax. Social Security taxes amount to 12.4% of wages up to a cap on taxable annual income set at $168,600 in 2024. Employees and employers split the tax contributions 50/50, with employees paying 6.2% of their wages and employers paying the other 6.2%. The Social Security Act became law with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's signature on Aug. 14, 1935. But it would take more time for the Social Security program to turn into the mainstay of the U.S. social safety net. You pay the entire 12.4% if you're self-employed, but you can deduct half of that from your taxable income as an above-the-line adjustment to income. Receipts go into the Social Security trust funds, which use them to pay benefits. The funds invest any surplus in U.S. government debt. The payroll taxes you contribute to the Social Security system aren't set aside to pay your benefits when you become eligible. They fund payouts for current beneficiaries or are saved as part of the system's surplus. This means that everyone's future benefits depend on the solvency of the entire Social Security system rather than on their own contributions. 2033 The year the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund used to pay Social Security retirement benefits will be depleted, according to 2024 projections by Social Security trustees. Ongoing payroll receipts will cover 79% of scheduled benefits at this point. The Problem With Social Security Americans have fewer children and live longer, and these trends contribute to an aging population. The outsized generation of Baby Boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964) is retiring at a record pace, further lowering the proportion of the population in the workforce. Older people are expected to outnumber children for the first time in U.S. history by 2034. All Baby Boomers will be older than 65 by 2030. This means that one in every five residents will be in retirement age. By 2034, there will be 77 million people 65 and over compared to 76.5 million under the age of 18. There will be fewer workers to support each retiree in the future as a result. The ratio of workers paying Social Security taxes per beneficiary is projected to decline from 2.7 in 2023 to 2.4 by 2035. The 2024 report from the Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees predicted that Social Security's trust fund for retirement benefits will deplete its reserves in 2033, the same as was projected in 2023. Tax receipts are expected to cover 79% of the scheduled benefits at that point. The Old Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, which pays retirement and survivor's benefits, isn't the only Social Security fund projected to deplete its reserves. The trustees' 2024 report also predicted that the Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund, which finances Medicare Part A, will be depleted in 2036, five years later than projected in 2023. Payroll taxes will cover 89% of scheduled benefits after that point. Possible Solutions Fortunately, a large, across-the-board benefits cut is only the worst-case scenario. Congress has more than a decade to act to shore up Social Security's finances, and lawmakers continue to generate proposals for doing so. The Social Security Administration routinely publishes estimates of such plans' projected effects on the Social Security trust funds. Congress has options for how to fill the gap in Social Security funding. These include: Raising payroll taxesLowering benefitsSetting a higher retirement ageA combination of all these options The growing population of retirees is likely to become an even more politically powerful constituency, one with a direct financial incentive to defend Social Security benefits and assure the system's future. Despite its reluctance to increase Social Security payroll taxes in the program's early years, Congress has subsequently approved numerous such hikes to preserve the program. Proposals to means-test benefits and to eliminate the annual cap on income subject to Social Security taxes have fewer historical precedents, but they may enjoy more popular support. Social Security's projected long-term funding shortfall of 3.5% of taxable payroll is manageable, but the program's trustees note in their report that Congress must act quickly to create a workable plan and reassure taxpayers. The longer the fix takes, the more painful the solution is likely to prove for everyone who depends on it. What Are Social Security Benefits? Social Security benefits are monthly payments made to qualified retirees and disabled workers. These benefits can also be paid to spouses, ex-spouses, children, and survivors. Benefits are paid out of the Social Security trust funds, which are funded by payroll taxes from current workers. The value of benefits depends on factors such as your income and how old you are when you start taking Social Security. What Is Full Retirement Age? Full retirement age (FRA) is the age at which you're eligible for full retirement benefits from Social Security. FRAs vary depending on when you were born. It's 66 years and two months for those born in 1955 and it gradually increases to 67 for those born in 1960 and after. Your monthly benefit will be lower if you start taking Social Security benefits before you reach full retirement age. Will Social Security Disappear When It Runs Out of Money? The prediction that Social Security will be depleted doesn't mean that Social Security will disappear in 2033. It means the trust fund that helps pay retirement benefits will run out of money. Social Security will continue to be funded from the FICA taxes that are paid annually by workers and employers, but these payroll taxes will only be able to cover 79% of retirement benefits without contributions from the trust fund unless Congress acts to fix the program. The Bottom Line Retirement benefits from Social Security are funded by a payroll tax that's paid by employees and employers. The money you pay into Social Security isn't set aside for you personally. These current taxes plus the money in the Social Security trust fund pay for everyone's benefits. There are fewer workers left to contribute to retirement benefits as the U.S. population ages and more Baby Boomers retire. The Social Security retirement trust fund is projected to be depleted by 2033 as a result. Current payroll taxes will be enough to cover 79% of scheduled retirement benefits at that point unless Congress passes legislation to fix the program.
[ [ "benefits to survivors", "https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/social-security-survivor-benefits-work/" ], [ "Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fica.asp" ], [ "Social Security Act", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-act.asp" ], [ "you're self-employed", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/030216/social-security-selfemployed-how-it-works.asp" ], [ "Social Security trust funds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-trust-fund.asp" ], [ "payroll taxes", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payrolltax.asp" ], [ "Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/old-age-and-survivors-insurance-trust-fund.asp" ], [ "Baby Boomers", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/baby_boomer.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/091415/leasing-yacht-stepbystep-guide.asp
Leasing a Yacht: A Step-by-Step Guide
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> As the saying goes: “A boat is a hole in the water into which you throw money.” Indeed, yachting can be an expensive hobby, where purchasing a vessel outright is not economically feasible for most people. However, chartering a boat may be an economical solution to enjoying the open seas, without <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/082015/can-i-afford-super-yacht.asp">the hefty upfront expenditures</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> The three methods of chartering boats are “bareboat” agreements, “crewed charters,”<strong> </strong>and “shared <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lease.asp">lease</a>” memberships. All of these approaches are straightforward and offered in abundance by charter companies who have streamlined each process. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Charters offer a solution to those wanting to explore the open seas, but without the hefty costs of owning a yacht.</li><li>Charters come in three types: bareboat, crewed charter, and shared lease.</li><li>A bareboat charter offers the bare necessities and the charterer is also the boat's captain.</li><li>In a crewed charter, different types of vessels—sport boats, fishing boats, superyachts—are provided along with a full working crew.</li><li>The shared lease is an arrangement where the lessee pays fees and can choose from a variety of different vessels.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <strong>Bareboat Charter</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> A bareboat <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/031816/what-size-yacht-can-you-afford.asp">charter</a> is a contractual agreement akin to leasing a vehicle, whereby the charterer (the person hiring the boat) is deemed the vessel’s temporary owner and consequently assumes the responsibilities that come with vessel ownership. The charterer is typically responsible for routine running expenses, including fuel, port fees, crew costs, maintenance, and insurance.<strong><br/></strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The charterer in a bareboat agreement is also the boat’s captain, in charge of sailing, navigating, and anchoring the vessel. At the end of the charter term, the boat must be returned in pristine condition, or funds will be deducted from any bonds paid.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> The terms of bareboat agreements can vary from company to company. As the name implies, some firms only supply “bare” necessities, like safety equipment and tools. Other chartering companies that cater to vacationers can provide extras, like food, linens, fishing equipment, and personal products.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <strong>Crewed Charter</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> In a crewed charter, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lessee.asp">lessee</a> acquires the boat for a particular voyage, where the chartering company pays for crew fees and other expenses, like fuel, port fees, and meals. Most importantly, an experienced crew manages any issues that can occur, which is extremely helpful in foreign ports. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> There are numerous crewed chartering operations in the United States, offering a variety of boat types, including modest vessels, superyachts, sport fishing boats, motorboats, and classic America’s Cup-winning yachts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span>  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <strong>Shared Leasing</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Shared leases give members unlimited access to an entire boat fleet, letting them try out different vessels without committing to one in particular. Lease shares are commonly available for a season for an all-inclusive fee.<strong> </strong>The chartering club maintains, insures, and handles all headaches associated with boat ownership, so you’re free to enjoy sailing with ease. However, the boat you desire may not always be available when you require it, which might thwart your plans to sail to your private island.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <strong>How To Do It</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <strong>1. Think about the boat. </strong>What type of vessel will meet your needs? Will it accommodate your passengers and support the activities you have planned, such as fishing and events? Once you identify your needs, the charter service can facilitate the ideal boating option. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <strong>2. Consider your budget.</strong> If you’re considering a bareboat charter, make sure to have sufficient funds to pay the full rental fee and bond upfront, along with any mandatory <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance-premium.asp">insurance premiums</a>. And if you’re not qualified to captain the vessel, be sure you can afford to hire a qualified captain and crew. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <strong>3. Review your qualifications.</strong> If you desire total freedom, explore the numerous requirements prescribed by different ports of call, especially if you plan to venture outside of United States waters. A range of certificates must be considered before you decide on your preferred route. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> For instance, if you intend to bring pets on board, special clearances may be required for the animals to leave the boat. If you intend to dive, prepare to present proof of qualifications, along with visas, international proficiency certificates, and local cruising permits. The website Noonsite provides a comprehensive list of documents required both in the U.S. and abroad.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> The American Sailing Association website also offers a checklist of proof-of-competency certificates and documents.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <strong>4. Check your credit history</strong>. A solid <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditreport.asp">credit report</a> is generally required in order for you to be cleared to charter pricey yachts.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <strong>5. Research your chartering company’s record</strong>. If you’re planning a crewed charter, make sure the service levels will meet your expectations, especially if you’re trying to impress clients or friends. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.cruisingworld.com/">Cruising World</a> offers a directory of worldwide fleets, reputable companies, brokers, services, and lists of sailing destinations. Other valuable charter sites include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://www.charterworld.com/">CharterWorld</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://www.yachtworldcharters.com/" rel="nofollow">YachtWorld Charters</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://www.boatbookings.com/">Boatbookings</a>, and<strong> </strong><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://www.moorings.com/">The Moorings.</a><strong> </strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <strong>The Bottom Line</strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> Bareboat agreements, crewed charters, and boat clubs can remove financial and management headaches from the boating equation. But cultivate a clear idea of your boating needs first. Fortunately, there are copious websites, chartering companies, and management services to aid you in your journey. </p></div>
As the saying goes: “A boat is a hole in the water into which you throw money.” Indeed, yachting can be an expensive hobby, where purchasing a vessel outright is not economically feasible for most people. However, chartering a boat may be an economical solution to enjoying the open seas, without [the hefty upfront expenditures](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/082015/can-i-afford-super-yacht.asp). The three methods of chartering boats are “bareboat” agreements, “crewed charters,”and “shared [lease](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lease.asp)” memberships. All of these approaches are straightforward and offered in abundance by charter companies who have streamlined each process. ### Key Takeaways * Charters offer a solution to those wanting to explore the open seas, but without the hefty costs of owning a yacht. * Charters come in three types: bareboat, crewed charter, and shared lease. * A bareboat charter offers the bare necessities and the charterer is also the boat's captain. * In a crewed charter, different types of vessels—sport boats, fishing boats, superyachts—are provided along with a full working crew. * The shared lease is an arrangement where the lessee pays fees and can choose from a variety of different vessels. **Bareboat Charter** A bareboat [charter](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/031816/what-size-yacht-can-you-afford.asp) is a contractual agreement akin to leasing a vehicle, whereby the charterer (the person hiring the boat) is deemed the vessel’s temporary owner and consequently assumes the responsibilities that come with vessel ownership. The charterer is typically responsible for routine running expenses, including fuel, port fees, crew costs, maintenance, and insurance. The charterer in a bareboat agreement is also the boat’s captain, in charge of sailing, navigating, and anchoring the vessel. At the end of the charter term, the boat must be returned in pristine condition, or funds will be deducted from any bonds paid.  The terms of bareboat agreements can vary from company to company. As the name implies, some firms only supply “bare” necessities, like safety equipment and tools. Other chartering companies that cater to vacationers can provide extras, like food, linens, fishing equipment, and personal products. **Crewed Charter** In a crewed charter, the [lessee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lessee.asp) acquires the boat for a particular voyage, where the chartering company pays for crew fees and other expenses, like fuel, port fees, and meals. Most importantly, an experienced crew manages any issues that can occur, which is extremely helpful in foreign ports. There are numerous crewed chartering operations in the United States, offering a variety of boat types, including modest vessels, superyachts, sport fishing boats, motorboats, and classic America’s Cup-winning yachts.  **Shared Leasing** Shared leases give members unlimited access to an entire boat fleet, letting them try out different vessels without committing to one in particular. Lease shares are commonly available for a season for an all-inclusive fee.The chartering club maintains, insures, and handles all headaches associated with boat ownership, so you’re free to enjoy sailing with ease. However, the boat you desire may not always be available when you require it, which might thwart your plans to sail to your private island. **How To Do It** **1. Think about the boat.** What type of vessel will meet your needs? Will it accommodate your passengers and support the activities you have planned, such as fishing and events? Once you identify your needs, the charter service can facilitate the ideal boating option. **2. Consider your budget.** If you’re considering a bareboat charter, make sure to have sufficient funds to pay the full rental fee and bond upfront, along with any mandatory [insurance premiums](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance-premium.asp). And if you’re not qualified to captain the vessel, be sure you can afford to hire a qualified captain and crew. **3. Review your qualifications.** If you desire total freedom, explore the numerous requirements prescribed by different ports of call, especially if you plan to venture outside of United States waters. A range of certificates must be considered before you decide on your preferred route. For instance, if you intend to bring pets on board, special clearances may be required for the animals to leave the boat. If you intend to dive, prepare to present proof of qualifications, along with visas, international proficiency certificates, and local cruising permits. The website Noonsite provides a comprehensive list of documents required both in the U.S. and abroad. The American Sailing Association website also offers a checklist of proof-of-competency certificates and documents. **4. Check your credit history**. A solid [credit report](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditreport.asp) is generally required in order for you to be cleared to charter pricey yachts.  **5. Research your chartering company’s record**. If you’re planning a crewed charter, make sure the service levels will meet your expectations, especially if you’re trying to impress clients or friends. [Cruising World](https://www.cruisingworld.com/) offers a directory of worldwide fleets, reputable companies, brokers, services, and lists of sailing destinations. Other valuable charter sites include [CharterWorld](http://www.charterworld.com/), [YachtWorld Charters](http://www.yachtworldcharters.com/), [Boatbookings](http://www.boatbookings.com/), and[The Moorings.](http://www.moorings.com/) **The Bottom Line** Bareboat agreements, crewed charters, and boat clubs can remove financial and management headaches from the boating equation. But cultivate a clear idea of your boating needs first. Fortunately, there are copious websites, chartering companies, and management services to aid you in your journey.
As the saying goes: “A boat is a hole in the water into which you throw money.” Indeed, yachting can be an expensive hobby, where purchasing a vessel outright is not economically feasible for most people. However, chartering a boat may be an economical solution to enjoying the open seas, without the hefty upfront expenditures. The three methods of chartering boats are “bareboat” agreements, “crewed charters,” and “shared lease” memberships. All of these approaches are straightforward and offered in abundance by charter companies who have streamlined each process. Key Takeaways Charters offer a solution to those wanting to explore the open seas, but without the hefty costs of owning a yacht.Charters come in three types: bareboat, crewed charter, and shared lease.A bareboat charter offers the bare necessities and the charterer is also the boat's captain.In a crewed charter, different types of vessels—sport boats, fishing boats, superyachts—are provided along with a full working crew.The shared lease is an arrangement where the lessee pays fees and can choose from a variety of different vessels. Bareboat Charter A bareboat charter is a contractual agreement akin to leasing a vehicle, whereby the charterer (the person hiring the boat) is deemed the vessel’s temporary owner and consequently assumes the responsibilities that come with vessel ownership. The charterer is typically responsible for routine running expenses, including fuel, port fees, crew costs, maintenance, and insurance. The charterer in a bareboat agreement is also the boat’s captain, in charge of sailing, navigating, and anchoring the vessel. At the end of the charter term, the boat must be returned in pristine condition, or funds will be deducted from any bonds paid.  The terms of bareboat agreements can vary from company to company. As the name implies, some firms only supply “bare” necessities, like safety equipment and tools. Other chartering companies that cater to vacationers can provide extras, like food, linens, fishing equipment, and personal products. Crewed Charter In a crewed charter, the lessee acquires the boat for a particular voyage, where the chartering company pays for crew fees and other expenses, like fuel, port fees, and meals. Most importantly, an experienced crew manages any issues that can occur, which is extremely helpful in foreign ports. There are numerous crewed chartering operations in the United States, offering a variety of boat types, including modest vessels, superyachts, sport fishing boats, motorboats, and classic America’s Cup-winning yachts.  Shared Leasing Shared leases give members unlimited access to an entire boat fleet, letting them try out different vessels without committing to one in particular. Lease shares are commonly available for a season for an all-inclusive fee. The chartering club maintains, insures, and handles all headaches associated with boat ownership, so you’re free to enjoy sailing with ease. However, the boat you desire may not always be available when you require it, which might thwart your plans to sail to your private island. How To Do It 1. Think about the boat. What type of vessel will meet your needs? Will it accommodate your passengers and support the activities you have planned, such as fishing and events? Once you identify your needs, the charter service can facilitate the ideal boating option. 2. Consider your budget. If you’re considering a bareboat charter, make sure to have sufficient funds to pay the full rental fee and bond upfront, along with any mandatory insurance premiums. And if you’re not qualified to captain the vessel, be sure you can afford to hire a qualified captain and crew. 3. Review your qualifications. If you desire total freedom, explore the numerous requirements prescribed by different ports of call, especially if you plan to venture outside of United States waters. A range of certificates must be considered before you decide on your preferred route. For instance, if you intend to bring pets on board, special clearances may be required for the animals to leave the boat. If you intend to dive, prepare to present proof of qualifications, along with visas, international proficiency certificates, and local cruising permits. The website Noonsite provides a comprehensive list of documents required both in the U.S. and abroad. The American Sailing Association website also offers a checklist of proof-of-competency certificates and documents. 4. Check your credit history. A solid credit report is generally required in order for you to be cleared to charter pricey yachts.  5. Research your chartering company’s record. If you’re planning a crewed charter, make sure the service levels will meet your expectations, especially if you’re trying to impress clients or friends. Cruising World offers a directory of worldwide fleets, reputable companies, brokers, services, and lists of sailing destinations. Other valuable charter sites include CharterWorld, YachtWorld Charters, Boatbookings, and The Moorings. The Bottom Line Bareboat agreements, crewed charters, and boat clubs can remove financial and management headaches from the boating equation. But cultivate a clear idea of your boating needs first. Fortunately, there are copious websites, chartering companies, and management services to aid you in your journey.
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https://www.investopedia.com/best-ways-to-send-money-as-a-teen-7152565
Best Ways to Send Money as a Teen
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fintech.asp">Fintech</a> innovations have made it easier to move money from one account to another. With <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-transfer-apps-5180183">payment transfer apps</a>, you can pay friends, family members, or others from your mobile device within minutes. If you want to send money as a teen online, you have plenty of options to choose from. Before sending money to a teen, it’s important to understand the fees and risks involved with all your options. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Money transfer apps make it easy to send funds to other people, including teens, using an email address or phone number.</li><li>Some money transfer apps and digital wallets have age restrictions.</li><li>Teens can send money by using Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfers from a bank account and using person-to-person payments.</li><li>Teens can also rely on traditional methods of send money, such as using money orders, checks, or cash payments.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-it-means-to-send-money-digitally"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What It Means to Send Money Digitally </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-transaction.asp">Digital payments</a> are the transfers or movements of value from one account to another through electronic means. Electronic payments can be sent and received from a mobile device, computer, point-of-sale (POS) terminal, or wire transfer network. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> When you send a digital payment, no cash changes hands. You’re authorizing a bank or money transfer service to send funds from your account to someone else’s account. For a digital payment to process includes: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <li><strong>Payer</strong>: the person sending the payment</li><li><strong>Payee</strong>: the person or business receiving the payment</li><li><strong>Payment network</strong>: relationship between the bank that sends the money and the bank that receives it</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Here’s how the digital payment process generally works: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <li>A payer initiates a payment by telling their bank where to send the money and in what amount.</li><li>The information, including the recipient’s bank account number and routing number, is transmitted to the payment network.</li><li>The payment network verifies the information and authorizes the transaction.</li><li>Funds are transferred electronically from the payer’s bank to the payee’s.<br/></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Different types of digital payments include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/ach.asp">Automated Clearing House (ACH)</a> transfers, mobile wallets, contactless payments, person-to-person payments, money transfer apps, and wire transfers. These transfer methods don’t require you to withdraw cash from your bank account or write a check. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0">Important</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/electronic-funds-transfer-act.asp">Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA)</a> provides consumer protections when transferring money electronically via debit card, automated teller machine (ATM), ACH transfer, or remittance transfer.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-ways-to-send-money-as-a-teen"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Best Ways to Send Money as a Teen </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Teen have many options for sending and receiving digital payments. Some may be more beneficial than others, depending on your age and whether you have your own bank account. Comparing various ways to send money online can help you learn how you might want to send money as a teen. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Cash App </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/company-insights/090916/how-square-cash-works-and-makes-money-sq.asp">Cash App</a> is a mobile payment app that allows users in the United States and the United Kingdom to send and receive money from their mobile devices.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> You can pay others instantly or request money using your unique $Cashtag. Cash App also offers a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debitcard.asp">debit card</a> that you can link to your account for in-person or online payments.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Anyone 13 or older can request a Cash App card, and teens 13 to 17 can get access to Cash App features with their parent’s or guardian’s approval. That benefit is available only in the U.S.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0">Tip</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Teens don’t need a bank account to add money to their Cash App balance or to send money.</p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Venmo </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/032415/how-safe-venmo-and-why-it-free.asp">Venmo</a> is a digital wallet that makes it easy to send money or request funds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Teens can use Venmo if they: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <li>Live in the U.S.</li><li>Have a U.S. cell phone that can send and receive text messages</li><li>Are at least 18 or the age of majority in their state<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> Venmo is one of the best ways to send money as a teen if you’re hoping to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0411/7-low-cost-ways-to-transfer-money.aspx">avoid high money transfer fees</a>. There are no account opening or setup fees, no monthly fees, no fees for online purchases, and no transfer fees when you send money using a debit card, bank account, or your Venmo balance.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>Venmo is considered a safe way to transfer money to make a purchase because purchases are covered by Purchase Protection.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span></p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Google Pay </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/010215/apple-pay-vs-google-wallet-how-they-work.asp">Google Pay</a> is Google’s mobile payment service. You can use it to make purchases or send money from your mobile device or computer. Teens age 13 or older can use Google Pay to send and receive money or make purchases in stores, online, or in-app.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> To send money through Google Pay, you need: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <li>An internet connection</li><li>A U.S. phone number</li><li>An email address<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> Teens will also need a bank account or debit card that they can link to the Google Pay app to send money if they don’t have funds in their Google Pay balance.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block with-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_5-0">Note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_5-0"><p>You can only use Google Pay to send money to friends and family in the U.S., India, and Singapore.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span></p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Zelle </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-zelle-7097991">Zelle</a> is a person-to-person payment app that you can use to send money from your bank account to another person’s bank account if you have their email address, phone number, or account number.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="26"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> You must be at least 18 years old to use Zelle, but there is an exception for teens who have a bank account that includes Zelle as a feature. For example, if you have a Capital One Money Teen Checking Account, you can use Zelle to send and receive money if you’re at least 13. You can send up to $500 per day through Zelle unless your parent or guardian asks Capital One to reduce that limit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Walmart MoneyCard </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> Walmart MoneyCard is a bank account alternative that allows you to manage money from your mobile device or at Walmart stores. You can use the Walmart MoneyCard to get paid via direct deposit, pay bills, make purchases, or send and receive money.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span><br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> You need to be at least 18 to get and use a Walmart MoneyCard. However, if you’re at least 13, your parents can set up a Family Account and add you so that you can have a Walmart MoneyCard of your own.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Wire Transfer </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-wire-money-5088001">wire transfer</a> is an electronic money transfer that is sent across a wire transfer network, such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swift.asp">SWIFT</a>. Ways to send wire transfers include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> <li>Wire transfer services, like Western Union or MoneyGram</li><li>Online wire transfer services</li><li>Wire transfer at a bank</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> A wire transfer can be the best way to send money internationally or domestically. The best option for you may depend on how old you are. You need to be at least 18 to send a wire transfer through Western Union or MoneyGram. Online transfer services typically have the same age cutoff.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> You may be able to send a wire transfer through your bank if you’re younger than 18 but have a teen checking account. Whether you can send domestic and international transfers will depend on the bank. Wells Fargo, for instance, offers a teen and student checking account for those 13 and older that allows you to send domestic wire transfers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-send-money-securely"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Send Money Securely </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> Before sending money to someone else as a teen, there are a few important safety rules to know. These rules can help you to protect yourself from scams and ensure that your money transfer goes as smoothly as possible. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <li>Avoid sending money to people you don’t know if you can’t verify their identity.</li> <li>Be wary of people who seem persistent or aggressive in asking you to send the money through Cash App, wire transfer, or other money payment apps.</li> <li>Double-check the payment details before sending to ensure that you’re transferring the correct amount.</li> <li>Use a unique ID and password to log in to financial payment apps or your bank account, and don’t share your password.</li> <li>Consider setting up <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/twofactor-authentication-2fa.asp">two-factor authentication</a> for any payment apps you use or your bank account, which could help keep it safe from hackers.</li> <li>Contact your bank right away (or ask your parents to do so) if you see any suspicious or potentially fraudulent activity.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"> Be aware of any fees associated with transferring or receiving money. For example, Zelle is free to use if you’re sending money from your bank account, but you might pay $15, $20, or more to complete a wire transfer through your bank. Comparing fees can help you choose the most affordable money transfer option.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-fastest-way-to-send-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What is the fastest way to send money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Money transfer apps allow for fast money transfer, typically within minutes. For example, Zelle users can complete bank transfers in a matter of minutes. Wire transfers can also be used to send money the same day, though you might be waiting a little longer for an international wire transfer to process.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-i-send-money-without-fees"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How can I send money without fees?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Money transfer apps like Zelle, Cash App, and Venmo make it possible to send money without large fees. For instance, you might be able to send money from a linked bank account, debit card, or your balance in the app for free. However, you might pay a fee to send money via a credit card.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-cheapest-way-to-transfer-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What is the cheapest way to transfer money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Generally, the cheapest way to transfer money is to send it directly from your bank to the recipient’s bank, either through an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfer or Zelle transfer. Otherwise, you could send someone money cheaply using a paper check or simply giving them cash.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-safest-way-to-send-money-and-not-get-scammed"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What is the safest way to send money and not get scammed?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The safest way to send money and not get scammed is to use a secure money transfer app or service that offers purchase protection. Look for a service that requires recipients to verify their identity before transfers can process. If you’re worried about being scammed, then the safest way to avoid that scenario is to not send money to anyone who you don’t know.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> Finding ways to send money as a teen can be challenging because some services have age restrictions. To use PayPal, for example, you need to be at least 18.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="29"></span> However, teens do still have some options for transferring money to friends, family, or others without having to use cash or a check. But remember: When deciding how to transfer money, it’s important to understand all the associated fees and risks. </p></div>
[Fintech](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fintech.asp) innovations have made it easier to move money from one account to another. With [payment transfer apps](https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-transfer-apps-5180183), you can pay friends, family members, or others from your mobile device within minutes. If you want to send money as a teen online, you have plenty of options to choose from. Before sending money to a teen, it’s important to understand the fees and risks involved with all your options. ### Key Takeaways * Money transfer apps make it easy to send funds to other people, including teens, using an email address or phone number. * Some money transfer apps and digital wallets have age restrictions. * Teens can send money by using Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfers from a bank account and using person-to-person payments. * Teens can also rely on traditional methods of send money, such as using money orders, checks, or cash payments. ## What It Means to Send Money Digitally [Digital payments](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-transaction.asp) are the transfers or movements of value from one account to another through electronic means. Electronic payments can be sent and received from a mobile device, computer, point-of-sale (POS) terminal, or wire transfer network. When you send a digital payment, no cash changes hands. You’re authorizing a bank or money transfer service to send funds from your account to someone else’s account. For a digital payment to process includes: * **Payer**: the person sending the payment * **Payee**: the person or business receiving the payment * **Payment network**: relationship between the bank that sends the money and the bank that receives it Here’s how the digital payment process generally works: * A payer initiates a payment by telling their bank where to send the money and in what amount. * The information, including the recipient’s bank account number and routing number, is transmitted to the payment network. * The payment network verifies the information and authorizes the transaction. * Funds are transferred electronically from the payer’s bank to the payee’s. Different types of digital payments include [Automated Clearing House (ACH)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/ach.asp) transfers, mobile wallets, contactless payments, person-to-person payments, money transfer apps, and wire transfers. These transfer methods don’t require you to withdraw cash from your bank account or write a check. ### Important The [Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/electronic-funds-transfer-act.asp) provides consumer protections when transferring money electronically via debit card, automated teller machine (ATM), ACH transfer, or remittance transfer. ## Best Ways to Send Money as a Teen Teen have many options for sending and receiving digital payments. Some may be more beneficial than others, depending on your age and whether you have your own bank account. Comparing various ways to send money online can help you learn how you might want to send money as a teen. ### Cash App [Cash App](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/company-insights/090916/how-square-cash-works-and-makes-money-sq.asp) is a mobile payment app that allows users in the United States and the United Kingdom to send and receive money from their mobile devices. You can pay others instantly or request money using your unique $Cashtag. Cash App also offers a [debit card](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debitcard.asp) that you can link to your account for in-person or online payments. Anyone 13 or older can request a Cash App card, and teens 13 to 17 can get access to Cash App features with their parent’s or guardian’s approval. That benefit is available only in the U.S. ### Tip Teens don’t need a bank account to add money to their Cash App balance or to send money. ### Venmo [Venmo](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/032415/how-safe-venmo-and-why-it-free.asp) is a digital wallet that makes it easy to send money or request funds. Teens can use Venmo if they: * Live in the U.S. * Have a U.S. cell phone that can send and receive text messages * Are at least 18 or the age of majority in their state Venmo is one of the best ways to send money as a teen if you’re hoping to [avoid high money transfer fees](https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0411/7-low-cost-ways-to-transfer-money.aspx). There are no account opening or setup fees, no monthly fees, no fees for online purchases, and no transfer fees when you send money using a debit card, bank account, or your Venmo balance. ### Venmo is considered a safe way to transfer money to make a purchase because purchases are covered by Purchase Protection. ### Google Pay [Google Pay](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/010215/apple-pay-vs-google-wallet-how-they-work.asp) is Google’s mobile payment service. You can use it to make purchases or send money from your mobile device or computer. Teens age 13 or older can use Google Pay to send and receive money or make purchases in stores, online, or in-app. To send money through Google Pay, you need: * An internet connection * A U.S. phone number * An email address Teens will also need a bank account or debit card that they can link to the Google Pay app to send money if they don’t have funds in their Google Pay balance. ### Note You can only use Google Pay to send money to friends and family in the U.S., India, and Singapore. ### Zelle [Zelle](https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-zelle-7097991) is a person-to-person payment app that you can use to send money from your bank account to another person’s bank account if you have their email address, phone number, or account number. You must be at least 18 years old to use Zelle, but there is an exception for teens who have a bank account that includes Zelle as a feature. For example, if you have a Capital One Money Teen Checking Account, you can use Zelle to send and receive money if you’re at least 13. You can send up to $500 per day through Zelle unless your parent or guardian asks Capital One to reduce that limit. ### Walmart MoneyCard Walmart MoneyCard is a bank account alternative that allows you to manage money from your mobile device or at Walmart stores. You can use the Walmart MoneyCard to get paid via direct deposit, pay bills, make purchases, or send and receive money. You need to be at least 18 to get and use a Walmart MoneyCard. However, if you’re at least 13, your parents can set up a Family Account and add you so that you can have a Walmart MoneyCard of your own. ### Wire Transfer A [wire transfer](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-wire-money-5088001) is an electronic money transfer that is sent across a wire transfer network, such as [SWIFT](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swift.asp). Ways to send wire transfers include: * Wire transfer services, like Western Union or MoneyGram * Online wire transfer services * Wire transfer at a bank A wire transfer can be the best way to send money internationally or domestically. The best option for you may depend on how old you are. You need to be at least 18 to send a wire transfer through Western Union or MoneyGram. Online transfer services typically have the same age cutoff. You may be able to send a wire transfer through your bank if you’re younger than 18 but have a teen checking account. Whether you can send domestic and international transfers will depend on the bank. Wells Fargo, for instance, offers a teen and student checking account for those 13 and older that allows you to send domestic wire transfers. ## How to Send Money Securely Before sending money to someone else as a teen, there are a few important safety rules to know. These rules can help you to protect yourself from scams and ensure that your money transfer goes as smoothly as possible. * Avoid sending money to people you don’t know if you can’t verify their identity. * Be wary of people who seem persistent or aggressive in asking you to send the money through Cash App, wire transfer, or other money payment apps. * Double-check the payment details before sending to ensure that you’re transferring the correct amount. * Use a unique ID and password to log in to financial payment apps or your bank account, and don’t share your password. * Consider setting up [two-factor authentication](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/twofactor-authentication-2fa.asp) for any payment apps you use or your bank account, which could help keep it safe from hackers. * Contact your bank right away (or ask your parents to do so) if you see any suspicious or potentially fraudulent activity. Be aware of any fees associated with transferring or receiving money. For example, Zelle is free to use if you’re sending money from your bank account, but you might pay $15, $20, or more to complete a wire transfer through your bank. Comparing fees can help you choose the most affordable money transfer option. ## What is the fastest way to send money? Money transfer apps allow for fast money transfer, typically within minutes. For example, Zelle users can complete bank transfers in a matter of minutes. Wire transfers can also be used to send money the same day, though you might be waiting a little longer for an international wire transfer to process. ## How can I send money without fees? Money transfer apps like Zelle, Cash App, and Venmo make it possible to send money without large fees. For instance, you might be able to send money from a linked bank account, debit card, or your balance in the app for free. However, you might pay a fee to send money via a credit card. ## What is the cheapest way to transfer money? Generally, the cheapest way to transfer money is to send it directly from your bank to the recipient’s bank, either through an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfer or Zelle transfer. Otherwise, you could send someone money cheaply using a paper check or simply giving them cash. ## What is the safest way to send money and not get scammed? The safest way to send money and not get scammed is to use a secure money transfer app or service that offers purchase protection. Look for a service that requires recipients to verify their identity before transfers can process. If you’re worried about being scammed, then the safest way to avoid that scenario is to not send money to anyone who you don’t know. ## The Bottom Line Finding ways to send money as a teen can be challenging because some services have age restrictions. To use PayPal, for example, you need to be at least 18. However, teens do still have some options for transferring money to friends, family, or others without having to use cash or a check. But remember: When deciding how to transfer money, it’s important to understand all the associated fees and risks.
Fintech innovations have made it easier to move money from one account to another. With payment transfer apps, you can pay friends, family members, or others from your mobile device within minutes. If you want to send money as a teen online, you have plenty of options to choose from. Before sending money to a teen, it’s important to understand the fees and risks involved with all your options. Key Takeaways Money transfer apps make it easy to send funds to other people, including teens, using an email address or phone number.Some money transfer apps and digital wallets have age restrictions.Teens can send money by using Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfers from a bank account and using person-to-person payments.Teens can also rely on traditional methods of send money, such as using money orders, checks, or cash payments. What It Means to Send Money Digitally Digital payments are the transfers or movements of value from one account to another through electronic means. Electronic payments can be sent and received from a mobile device, computer, point-of-sale (POS) terminal, or wire transfer network. When you send a digital payment, no cash changes hands. You’re authorizing a bank or money transfer service to send funds from your account to someone else’s account. For a digital payment to process includes: Payer: the person sending the paymentPayee: the person or business receiving the paymentPayment network: relationship between the bank that sends the money and the bank that receives it Here’s how the digital payment process generally works: A payer initiates a payment by telling their bank where to send the money and in what amount.The information, including the recipient’s bank account number and routing number, is transmitted to the payment network.The payment network verifies the information and authorizes the transaction.Funds are transferred electronically from the payer’s bank to the payee’s. Different types of digital payments include Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfers, mobile wallets, contactless payments, person-to-person payments, money transfer apps, and wire transfers. These transfer methods don’t require you to withdraw cash from your bank account or write a check. Important The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) provides consumer protections when transferring money electronically via debit card, automated teller machine (ATM), ACH transfer, or remittance transfer. Best Ways to Send Money as a Teen Teen have many options for sending and receiving digital payments. Some may be more beneficial than others, depending on your age and whether you have your own bank account. Comparing various ways to send money online can help you learn how you might want to send money as a teen. Cash App Cash App is a mobile payment app that allows users in the United States and the United Kingdom to send and receive money from their mobile devices. You can pay others instantly or request money using your unique $Cashtag. Cash App also offers a debit card that you can link to your account for in-person or online payments. Anyone 13 or older can request a Cash App card, and teens 13 to 17 can get access to Cash App features with their parent’s or guardian’s approval. That benefit is available only in the U.S. Tip Teens don’t need a bank account to add money to their Cash App balance or to send money. Venmo Venmo is a digital wallet that makes it easy to send money or request funds. Teens can use Venmo if they: Live in the U.S.Have a U.S. cell phone that can send and receive text messagesAre at least 18 or the age of majority in their state Venmo is one of the best ways to send money as a teen if you’re hoping to avoid high money transfer fees. There are no account opening or setup fees, no monthly fees, no fees for online purchases, and no transfer fees when you send money using a debit card, bank account, or your Venmo balance. Venmo is considered a safe way to transfer money to make a purchase because purchases are covered by Purchase Protection. Google Pay Google Pay is Google’s mobile payment service. You can use it to make purchases or send money from your mobile device or computer. Teens age 13 or older can use Google Pay to send and receive money or make purchases in stores, online, or in-app. To send money through Google Pay, you need: An internet connectionA U.S. phone numberAn email address Teens will also need a bank account or debit card that they can link to the Google Pay app to send money if they don’t have funds in their Google Pay balance. Note You can only use Google Pay to send money to friends and family in the U.S., India, and Singapore. Zelle Zelle is a person-to-person payment app that you can use to send money from your bank account to another person’s bank account if you have their email address, phone number, or account number. You must be at least 18 years old to use Zelle, but there is an exception for teens who have a bank account that includes Zelle as a feature. For example, if you have a Capital One Money Teen Checking Account, you can use Zelle to send and receive money if you’re at least 13. You can send up to $500 per day through Zelle unless your parent or guardian asks Capital One to reduce that limit. Walmart MoneyCard Walmart MoneyCard is a bank account alternative that allows you to manage money from your mobile device or at Walmart stores. You can use the Walmart MoneyCard to get paid via direct deposit, pay bills, make purchases, or send and receive money. You need to be at least 18 to get and use a Walmart MoneyCard. However, if you’re at least 13, your parents can set up a Family Account and add you so that you can have a Walmart MoneyCard of your own. Wire Transfer A wire transfer is an electronic money transfer that is sent across a wire transfer network, such as SWIFT. Ways to send wire transfers include: Wire transfer services, like Western Union or MoneyGramOnline wire transfer servicesWire transfer at a bank A wire transfer can be the best way to send money internationally or domestically. The best option for you may depend on how old you are. You need to be at least 18 to send a wire transfer through Western Union or MoneyGram. Online transfer services typically have the same age cutoff. You may be able to send a wire transfer through your bank if you’re younger than 18 but have a teen checking account. Whether you can send domestic and international transfers will depend on the bank. Wells Fargo, for instance, offers a teen and student checking account for those 13 and older that allows you to send domestic wire transfers. How to Send Money Securely Before sending money to someone else as a teen, there are a few important safety rules to know. These rules can help you to protect yourself from scams and ensure that your money transfer goes as smoothly as possible. Avoid sending money to people you don’t know if you can’t verify their identity. Be wary of people who seem persistent or aggressive in asking you to send the money through Cash App, wire transfer, or other money payment apps. Double-check the payment details before sending to ensure that you’re transferring the correct amount. Use a unique ID and password to log in to financial payment apps or your bank account, and don’t share your password. Consider setting up two-factor authentication for any payment apps you use or your bank account, which could help keep it safe from hackers. Contact your bank right away (or ask your parents to do so) if you see any suspicious or potentially fraudulent activity. Be aware of any fees associated with transferring or receiving money. For example, Zelle is free to use if you’re sending money from your bank account, but you might pay $15, $20, or more to complete a wire transfer through your bank. Comparing fees can help you choose the most affordable money transfer option. What is the fastest way to send money? Money transfer apps allow for fast money transfer, typically within minutes. For example, Zelle users can complete bank transfers in a matter of minutes. Wire transfers can also be used to send money the same day, though you might be waiting a little longer for an international wire transfer to process. How can I send money without fees? Money transfer apps like Zelle, Cash App, and Venmo make it possible to send money without large fees. For instance, you might be able to send money from a linked bank account, debit card, or your balance in the app for free. However, you might pay a fee to send money via a credit card. What is the cheapest way to transfer money? Generally, the cheapest way to transfer money is to send it directly from your bank to the recipient’s bank, either through an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfer or Zelle transfer. Otherwise, you could send someone money cheaply using a paper check or simply giving them cash. What is the safest way to send money and not get scammed? The safest way to send money and not get scammed is to use a secure money transfer app or service that offers purchase protection. Look for a service that requires recipients to verify their identity before transfers can process. If you’re worried about being scammed, then the safest way to avoid that scenario is to not send money to anyone who you don’t know. The Bottom Line Finding ways to send money as a teen can be challenging because some services have age restrictions. To use PayPal, for example, you need to be at least 18. However, teens do still have some options for transferring money to friends, family, or others without having to use cash or a check. But remember: When deciding how to transfer money, it’s important to understand all the associated fees and risks.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decentralizedmarket.asp
Decentralized Market
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-decentralized-market"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Decentralized Market? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> In a decentralized market, technology enables investors to deal directly with each other instead of operating from within a centralized exchange. Virtual markets that use decentralized currency, or cryptocurrencies, are examples of decentralized markets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Do Decentralized Markets Work? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> A decentralized market uses various digital devices to communicate and display bid/ask prices in real-time. In this way, buyers, sellers, and dealers do not need to be located in the same place to transact securities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A decentralized market contains digital technology, which allows buyers and sellers of securities to deal directly with each other instead of meeting in a traditional exchange.</li><li>A common example of a decentralized market is real estate, where buyers deal directly with sellers.</li><li>A newer example is the virtual markets and blockchain system, which use cryptocurrency.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-decentralized-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Decentralized Markets </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Forex Market </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The foreign exchange (forex) market is an example of a decentralized market because there is no one physical location where investors go to buy and sell currencies. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/11/why-trade-forex.asp">Forex traders</a> can use the internet to check the quotes of currencies from various dealers from the world. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Real Estate </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Real estate is traditionally sold through a decentralized market, wherein buyers and sellers complete their transactions without first funneling the process through a clearinghouse. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Types of Securities </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Some bonds and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/bonds/08/securitzed-assets.asp">securitized products</a> also may be procured via decentralized markets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-virtual-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Virtual Markets </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> The advent of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency have created more opportunities in which decentralized markets may operate. Typically, virtual markets are not regulated, which their proponents believe is a good thing. The technology and mediums—such as decentralized currency—of a virtual marketplace afford investors a sense of security and trust in their transactions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> The growth of markets that use the decentralized currencies for financial transactions has led to discussions about ways to introduce potential regulation. Were this to occur, fans of virtual markets may see this as diminishing their perceived current benefits of anonymity and direct control of their transactions.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-decentralized-currency"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Decentralized Currency? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Decentralized currency, peer-to-peer money, and digital currency all refer to bank-free methods of transferring wealth or ownership of any other commodity without needing a third party. Most centralized, and some decentralized, markets use fiat currency—or physical money issued by a central bank, like U.S. dollars. Decentralized currency is used primarily in the virtual markets. Two examples of decentralized currency are bitcoin—the "coinage" used on the Bitcoin platform—and ether—used on Ethereum.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-decentralized-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralized Markets </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Advantages </span> </h3> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <li>Some believe that decentralized markets can greatly reduce hackers because there is no single data resource that they can attempt to infiltrate; though recently <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/news/hackers-have-stolen-11b-crypto-year/">this has been proved untrue</a>.</li> <li>Decentralized markets can allow for transparency<strong> </strong>between parties, especially if they use technology that ensures all parties share mutually agreed-upon data and information.</li> <li>Many users of the decentralized virtual markets perceive their lack of regulatory oversight as a benefit—or, freedom from third-party handlers.</li> <li>The absence of intermediaries could result in lower transaction costs than in markets that are regulated.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Disadvantages </span> </h3> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <li>A disadvantage of this lack of oversight, however, might be that there are no governing authorities to monitor transactions, offer assistance, or provide a legal framework.</li><li>As more financial transactions are conducted via decentralized markets, they can pose challenges for regulators and legal enforcement. In comparison, centralized markets give regulators a clear path for taking action, if necessary, regarding trades that might be suspect.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></li> </ul></div>
## What Is a Decentralized Market? In a decentralized market, technology enables investors to deal directly with each other instead of operating from within a centralized exchange. Virtual markets that use decentralized currency, or cryptocurrencies, are examples of decentralized markets. ### How Do Decentralized Markets Work? A decentralized market uses various digital devices to communicate and display bid/ask prices in real-time. In this way, buyers, sellers, and dealers do not need to be located in the same place to transact securities. ### Key Takeaways * A decentralized market contains digital technology, which allows buyers and sellers of securities to deal directly with each other instead of meeting in a traditional exchange. * A common example of a decentralized market is real estate, where buyers deal directly with sellers. * A newer example is the virtual markets and blockchain system, which use cryptocurrency. ## Examples of Decentralized Markets ### Forex Market The foreign exchange (forex) market is an example of a decentralized market because there is no one physical location where investors go to buy and sell currencies. [Forex traders](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/11/why-trade-forex.asp) can use the internet to check the quotes of currencies from various dealers from the world. ### Real Estate Real estate is traditionally sold through a decentralized market, wherein buyers and sellers complete their transactions without first funneling the process through a clearinghouse. ### Types of Securities Some bonds and [securitized products](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/bonds/08/securitzed-assets.asp) also may be procured via decentralized markets. ## The Virtual Markets The advent of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency have created more opportunities in which decentralized markets may operate. Typically, virtual markets are not regulated, which their proponents believe is a good thing. The technology and mediums—such as decentralized currency—of a virtual marketplace afford investors a sense of security and trust in their transactions. The growth of markets that use the decentralized currencies for financial transactions has led to discussions about ways to introduce potential regulation. Were this to occur, fans of virtual markets may see this as diminishing their perceived current benefits of anonymity and direct control of their transactions. ## What Is Decentralized Currency? Decentralized currency, peer-to-peer money, and digital currency all refer to bank-free methods of transferring wealth or ownership of any other commodity without needing a third party. Most centralized, and some decentralized, markets use fiat currency—or physical money issued by a central bank, like U.S. dollars. Decentralized currency is used primarily in the virtual markets. Two examples of decentralized currency are bitcoin—the "coinage" used on the Bitcoin platform—and ether—used on Ethereum. ## Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralized Markets ### Advantages * Some believe that decentralized markets can greatly reduce hackers because there is no single data resource that they can attempt to infiltrate; though recently [this has been proved untrue](https://www.investopedia.com/news/hackers-have-stolen-11b-crypto-year/). * Decentralized markets can allow for transparencybetween parties, especially if they use technology that ensures all parties share mutually agreed-upon data and information. * Many users of the decentralized virtual markets perceive their lack of regulatory oversight as a benefit—or, freedom from third-party handlers. * The absence of intermediaries could result in lower transaction costs than in markets that are regulated. ### Disadvantages * A disadvantage of this lack of oversight, however, might be that there are no governing authorities to monitor transactions, offer assistance, or provide a legal framework. * As more financial transactions are conducted via decentralized markets, they can pose challenges for regulators and legal enforcement. In comparison, centralized markets give regulators a clear path for taking action, if necessary, regarding trades that might be suspect.
What Is a Decentralized Market? In a decentralized market, technology enables investors to deal directly with each other instead of operating from within a centralized exchange. Virtual markets that use decentralized currency, or cryptocurrencies, are examples of decentralized markets. How Do Decentralized Markets Work? A decentralized market uses various digital devices to communicate and display bid/ask prices in real-time. In this way, buyers, sellers, and dealers do not need to be located in the same place to transact securities. Key Takeaways A decentralized market contains digital technology, which allows buyers and sellers of securities to deal directly with each other instead of meeting in a traditional exchange.A common example of a decentralized market is real estate, where buyers deal directly with sellers.A newer example is the virtual markets and blockchain system, which use cryptocurrency. Examples of Decentralized Markets Forex Market The foreign exchange (forex) market is an example of a decentralized market because there is no one physical location where investors go to buy and sell currencies. Forex traders can use the internet to check the quotes of currencies from various dealers from the world. Real Estate Real estate is traditionally sold through a decentralized market, wherein buyers and sellers complete their transactions without first funneling the process through a clearinghouse. Types of Securities Some bonds and securitized products also may be procured via decentralized markets. The Virtual Markets The advent of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency have created more opportunities in which decentralized markets may operate. Typically, virtual markets are not regulated, which their proponents believe is a good thing. The technology and mediums—such as decentralized currency—of a virtual marketplace afford investors a sense of security and trust in their transactions. The growth of markets that use the decentralized currencies for financial transactions has led to discussions about ways to introduce potential regulation. Were this to occur, fans of virtual markets may see this as diminishing their perceived current benefits of anonymity and direct control of their transactions. What Is Decentralized Currency? Decentralized currency, peer-to-peer money, and digital currency all refer to bank-free methods of transferring wealth or ownership of any other commodity without needing a third party. Most centralized, and some decentralized, markets use fiat currency—or physical money issued by a central bank, like U.S. dollars. Decentralized currency is used primarily in the virtual markets. Two examples of decentralized currency are bitcoin—the "coinage" used on the Bitcoin platform—and ether—used on Ethereum. Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralized Markets Advantages Some believe that decentralized markets can greatly reduce hackers because there is no single data resource that they can attempt to infiltrate; though recently this has been proved untrue. Decentralized markets can allow for transparency between parties, especially if they use technology that ensures all parties share mutually agreed-upon data and information. Many users of the decentralized virtual markets perceive their lack of regulatory oversight as a benefit—or, freedom from third-party handlers. The absence of intermediaries could result in lower transaction costs than in markets that are regulated. Disadvantages A disadvantage of this lack of oversight, however, might be that there are no governing authorities to monitor transactions, offer assistance, or provide a legal framework.As more financial transactions are conducted via decentralized markets, they can pose challenges for regulators and legal enforcement. In comparison, centralized markets give regulators a clear path for taking action, if necessary, regarding trades that might be suspect.
[ [ "Forex traders", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/11/why-trade-forex.asp" ], [ "securitized products", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/bonds/08/securitzed-assets.asp" ], [ "this has been proved untrue", "https://www.investopedia.com/news/hackers-have-stolen-11b-crypto-year/" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/put.asp
Put: What It Is and How It Works in Investing, With Examples
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-put"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Put? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A put is an options contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/092613/difference-between-short-selling-and-put-options.asp">sell</a> a certain amount of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underlying-asset.asp">underlying asset,</a> at a set price within a specific time. The buyer of a put option believes that the underlying stock will drop below the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exerciseprice.asp">exercise price</a> before the expiration date. The exercise price is the price that the underlying asset must reach for the put option contract to hold value. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> A put can be contrasted with a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/calloption.asp">call option</a>, which gives the holder to buy the underlying asset at a specified price on or before expiration.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A put gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying stock at a set price within a specified time.</li><li>A put option's value goes up as the underlying stock price depreciates; the put option's value goes down as the underlying stock appreciates.</li><li>When an investor purchases a put, they expect the underlying stock to decline in price.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-basics-of-put-options"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Basics of Put Options </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Puts are traded on various underlying assets, which can include stocks, currencies, commodities, and indexes. The buyer of a put option may sell, or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exercise.asp">exercise</a>, the underlying asset at a specified <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/strikeprice.asp">strike price</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Put options are traded on various underlying assets, including stocks, currencies, bonds, commodities, futures, and indexes. They are key to understanding when choosing whether to perform <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/052805.asp">a straddle or a strangle</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> The value of a put option appreciates as the price of the underlying stock depreciates relative to the strike price. On the flip side, the value of a put option decreases as the underlying stock increases. A put option's value also decreases as its expiration date approaches. Conversely, a put option loses its value as the underlying stock increases. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Because put options, when exercised, provide a short position in the underlying asset, they are used for hedging purposes or to speculate on downside price action. Investors often use put options in a risk-management strategy known as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/protective-put.asp">protective put</a>. This strategy is used as a form of investment insurance to ensure that losses in the underlying asset do not exceed a certain amount, namely the strike price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> In general, the value of a put option decreases as its time to expiration approaches due to time decay because the probability of the stock falling below the specified strike price decreases. When an option loses its time value, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intrinsicvalue.asp">intrinsic value</a> is left over, which is equivalent to the difference between the strike price less the underlying stock price. If an option has intrinsic value, it is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inthemoney.asp">in the money (ITM)</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outofthemoney.asp">Out of the money (OTM)</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/atthemoney.asp">at the money (ATM)</a> put options have no intrinsic value because there would be no benefit of exercising the option. Investors could <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortselling.asp">short sell</a> the stock at the current higher market price, rather than exercising an out of the money put option at an undesirable strike price.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The possible payoff for a holder of a put is illustrated in the following diagram: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:63.3%;"> <img alt="Put Definition" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Wkwz5FTTwCQ0jFI-O80_GOwvNFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PutDefinition2-8a7d715894554ca990ef6946cc6a0306.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Wkwz5FTTwCQ0jFI-O80_GOwvNFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PutDefinition2-8a7d715894554ca990ef6946cc6a0306.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/yBaTWArrWBNzIf2qybQSrNQwX-k=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PutDefinition2-8a7d715894554ca990ef6946cc6a0306.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="3959" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="6251"/> <noscript> <img alt="Put Definition" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="3959" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Wkwz5FTTwCQ0jFI-O80_GOwvNFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PutDefinition2-8a7d715894554ca990ef6946cc6a0306.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/yBaTWArrWBNzIf2qybQSrNQwX-k=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PutDefinition2-8a7d715894554ca990ef6946cc6a0306.png 750w" width="6251"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner">Image by Julie Bang © Investopedia 2019</span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-puts-vs-calls"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Puts vs. Calls </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp">Derivatives</a> are financial instruments that derive value from price movements in their underlying assets, which can be a commodity such as gold or stock. Derivatives are largely used as insurance products to hedge against the risk that a particular event may occur. The two main types of derivatives used for stocks are put and call options. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> A call option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a stock at a certain price in the future. When an investor buys a call, they expect the value of the underlying asset to go up. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> A put option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell a stock at a certain price in the future. When an investor purchases a put, they expect the underlying asset to decline in price; they may sell the option and gain a profit. An investor can also <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/writing-an-option.asp">write</a> a put option for another investor to buy, in which case, they would not expect the stock's price to drop below the exercise price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examplehow-does-a-put-option-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example—How Does a Put Option Work? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> An investor purchases one put option contract on ABC company for $100. Each option contract covers 100 shares. The exercise price of the shares is $10, and the current ABC share price is $12. This put option contract has given the investor the right, but not the obligation, to sell 100 shares of ABC at $10.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> If ABC shares drop to $8, the investor's put option is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inthemoney.asp">in the money (ITM)</a>—which means that the strike price is below the market price of the underlying asset—and they can close their option position by selling the contract on the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/open-market.asp">open market</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> On the other hand, they can purchase 100 shares of ABC at the existing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-price.asp">market price</a> of $8, and then exercise their contract to sell the shares for $10. Disregarding commissions, the profit for this position is $200, or 100 x ($10 - $8). Remember that the investor paid a $100 premium for the put option, giving them the right to sell their shares at the exercise price. Factoring in this initial cost, their total profit is $200 - $100 = $100. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> As another way of working a put option as a hedge, if the investor in the previous example already owns 100 shares of ABC company, that position would be called a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marriedput.asp">married put</a> and could serve as a hedge against a decline in the share price. </p></div>
## What Is a Put? A put is an options contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to [sell](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/092613/difference-between-short-selling-and-put-options.asp) a certain amount of the [underlying asset,](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underlying-asset.asp) at a set price within a specific time. The buyer of a put option believes that the underlying stock will drop below the [exercise price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exerciseprice.asp) before the expiration date. The exercise price is the price that the underlying asset must reach for the put option contract to hold value. A put can be contrasted with a [call option](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/calloption.asp), which gives the holder to buy the underlying asset at a specified price on or before expiration. ### Key Takeaways * A put gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying stock at a set price within a specified time. * A put option's value goes up as the underlying stock price depreciates; the put option's value goes down as the underlying stock appreciates. * When an investor purchases a put, they expect the underlying stock to decline in price. ## The Basics of Put Options Puts are traded on various underlying assets, which can include stocks, currencies, commodities, and indexes. The buyer of a put option may sell, or [exercise](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exercise.asp), the underlying asset at a specified [strike price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/strikeprice.asp). Put options are traded on various underlying assets, including stocks, currencies, bonds, commodities, futures, and indexes. They are key to understanding when choosing whether to perform [a straddle or a strangle](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/052805.asp). The value of a put option appreciates as the price of the underlying stock depreciates relative to the strike price. On the flip side, the value of a put option decreases as the underlying stock increases. A put option's value also decreases as its expiration date approaches. Conversely, a put option loses its value as the underlying stock increases. Because put options, when exercised, provide a short position in the underlying asset, they are used for hedging purposes or to speculate on downside price action. Investors often use put options in a risk-management strategy known as a [protective put](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/protective-put.asp). This strategy is used as a form of investment insurance to ensure that losses in the underlying asset do not exceed a certain amount, namely the strike price. In general, the value of a put option decreases as its time to expiration approaches due to time decay because the probability of the stock falling below the specified strike price decreases. When an option loses its time value, the [intrinsic value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intrinsicvalue.asp) is left over, which is equivalent to the difference between the strike price less the underlying stock price. If an option has intrinsic value, it is [in the money (ITM)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inthemoney.asp). [Out of the money (OTM)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outofthemoney.asp) and [at the money (ATM)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/atthemoney.asp) put options have no intrinsic value because there would be no benefit of exercising the option. Investors could [short sell](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortselling.asp) the stock at the current higher market price, rather than exercising an out of the money put option at an undesirable strike price. The possible payoff for a holder of a put is illustrated in the following diagram: ![Put Definition]() ![Put Definition](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Wkwz5FTTwCQ0jFI-O80_GOwvNFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PutDefinition2-8a7d715894554ca990ef6946cc6a0306.png) Image by Julie Bang © Investopedia 2019 ## Puts vs. Calls [Derivatives](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp) are financial instruments that derive value from price movements in their underlying assets, which can be a commodity such as gold or stock. Derivatives are largely used as insurance products to hedge against the risk that a particular event may occur. The two main types of derivatives used for stocks are put and call options. A call option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a stock at a certain price in the future. When an investor buys a call, they expect the value of the underlying asset to go up. A put option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell a stock at a certain price in the future. When an investor purchases a put, they expect the underlying asset to decline in price; they may sell the option and gain a profit. An investor can also [write](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/writing-an-option.asp) a put option for another investor to buy, in which case, they would not expect the stock's price to drop below the exercise price. ## Example—How Does a Put Option Work? An investor purchases one put option contract on ABC company for $100. Each option contract covers 100 shares. The exercise price of the shares is $10, and the current ABC share price is $12. This put option contract has given the investor the right, but not the obligation, to sell 100 shares of ABC at $10. If ABC shares drop to $8, the investor's put option is [in the money (ITM)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inthemoney.asp)—which means that the strike price is below the market price of the underlying asset—and they can close their option position by selling the contract on the [open market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/open-market.asp). On the other hand, they can purchase 100 shares of ABC at the existing [market price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-price.asp) of $8, and then exercise their contract to sell the shares for $10. Disregarding commissions, the profit for this position is $200, or 100 x ($10 - $8). Remember that the investor paid a $100 premium for the put option, giving them the right to sell their shares at the exercise price. Factoring in this initial cost, their total profit is $200 - $100 = $100. As another way of working a put option as a hedge, if the investor in the previous example already owns 100 shares of ABC company, that position would be called a [married put](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marriedput.asp) and could serve as a hedge against a decline in the share price.
What Is a Put? A put is an options contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell a certain amount of the underlying asset, at a set price within a specific time. The buyer of a put option believes that the underlying stock will drop below the exercise price before the expiration date. The exercise price is the price that the underlying asset must reach for the put option contract to hold value. A put can be contrasted with a call option, which gives the holder to buy the underlying asset at a specified price on or before expiration. Key Takeaways A put gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying stock at a set price within a specified time.A put option's value goes up as the underlying stock price depreciates; the put option's value goes down as the underlying stock appreciates.When an investor purchases a put, they expect the underlying stock to decline in price. The Basics of Put Options Puts are traded on various underlying assets, which can include stocks, currencies, commodities, and indexes. The buyer of a put option may sell, or exercise, the underlying asset at a specified strike price. Put options are traded on various underlying assets, including stocks, currencies, bonds, commodities, futures, and indexes. They are key to understanding when choosing whether to perform a straddle or a strangle. The value of a put option appreciates as the price of the underlying stock depreciates relative to the strike price. On the flip side, the value of a put option decreases as the underlying stock increases. A put option's value also decreases as its expiration date approaches. Conversely, a put option loses its value as the underlying stock increases. Because put options, when exercised, provide a short position in the underlying asset, they are used for hedging purposes or to speculate on downside price action. Investors often use put options in a risk-management strategy known as a protective put. This strategy is used as a form of investment insurance to ensure that losses in the underlying asset do not exceed a certain amount, namely the strike price. In general, the value of a put option decreases as its time to expiration approaches due to time decay because the probability of the stock falling below the specified strike price decreases. When an option loses its time value, the intrinsic value is left over, which is equivalent to the difference between the strike price less the underlying stock price. If an option has intrinsic value, it is in the money (ITM). Out of the money (OTM) and at the money (ATM) put options have no intrinsic value because there would be no benefit of exercising the option. Investors could short sell the stock at the current higher market price, rather than exercising an out of the money put option at an undesirable strike price. The possible payoff for a holder of a put is illustrated in the following diagram: Image by Julie Bang © Investopedia 2019 Puts vs. Calls Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from price movements in their underlying assets, which can be a commodity such as gold or stock. Derivatives are largely used as insurance products to hedge against the risk that a particular event may occur. The two main types of derivatives used for stocks are put and call options. A call option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a stock at a certain price in the future. When an investor buys a call, they expect the value of the underlying asset to go up. A put option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell a stock at a certain price in the future. When an investor purchases a put, they expect the underlying asset to decline in price; they may sell the option and gain a profit. An investor can also write a put option for another investor to buy, in which case, they would not expect the stock's price to drop below the exercise price. Example—How Does a Put Option Work? An investor purchases one put option contract on ABC company for $100. Each option contract covers 100 shares. The exercise price of the shares is $10, and the current ABC share price is $12. This put option contract has given the investor the right, but not the obligation, to sell 100 shares of ABC at $10. If ABC shares drop to $8, the investor's put option is in the money (ITM)—which means that the strike price is below the market price of the underlying asset—and they can close their option position by selling the contract on the open market. On the other hand, they can purchase 100 shares of ABC at the existing market price of $8, and then exercise their contract to sell the shares for $10. Disregarding commissions, the profit for this position is $200, or 100 x ($10 - $8). Remember that the investor paid a $100 premium for the put option, giving them the right to sell their shares at the exercise price. Factoring in this initial cost, their total profit is $200 - $100 = $100. As another way of working a put option as a hedge, if the investor in the previous example already owns 100 shares of ABC company, that position would be called a married put and could serve as a hedge against a decline in the share price.
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https://www.investopedia.com/biden-to-announce-usd3-3-billion-microsoft-investment-for-ai-data-center-8645177
Biden to Announce $3.3 Billion Microsoft Investment for AI Data Center
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>U.S. President Joe Biden is set to announce a $3.3 billion investment by Microsoft to build an AI data center on Wednesday.</li><li>The new facility will create 2,300 union construction jobs and 2,000 permanent jobs as part of Biden's agenda to invest in U.S. workers in critical infrastructure manufacturing sectors, the White House said.</li><li>The AI data center is to be built in southeastern Wisconsin, where former President Donald Trump's administration touted a manufacturing facility with a $10 billion investment with Foxconn, but the project was not completed.</li><li>The announcement comes around six months before the U.S. presidential election.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> U.S. President Joe Biden is set to announce on Wednesday a $3.3 billion investment by Microsoft (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MSFT">MSFT</a>) to build a new <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp">artificial intelligence (AI)</a> data center that the White House said will create 2,300 union construction jobs and ultimately 2,000 permanent jobs as part of Biden's agenda to invest in U.S. workers in infrastructure manufacturing sectors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-to-be-built-near-foxconn-facility-that-did-not-materialize"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> To Be Built Near Foxconn Facility That Did Not Materialize </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The AI data center is to be built in southeastern Wisconsin, where former President Donald Trump's administration announced in 2017 a $10 billion investment with Foxconn to build a manufacturing facility for the production of LCD panel products.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> The project, which Trump called "the Eighth Wonder of the World," did not come to fruition.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> "The datacenter will be built on the same land as a failed $10 billion investment from Taiwanese electronics manufacturer Foxconn six years ago, which left behind Wisconsin residents and workers," the Biden administration said. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-investing-in-america-agenda"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 'Investing in America Agenda' </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The investment is part of Biden's "Investing in America agenda," which is focused on creating jobs in critical sectors like infrastructure, clean energy, semiconductors, and biotechnology by mobilizing private sector investments in the U.S. with legislation like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/the-us-is-investing-usd5b-in-chip-r-and-d-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-8575378">the CHIPS and Science Act</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Biden is set to travel to southeastern Wisconsin to announce the facility on Wednesday around six months ahead of the U.S. presidential election.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Data centers are an essential component of the infrastructure needed in the AI era. The facilities create jobs for the local workforce and can contribute to accelerating AI advancements.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Microsoft said it will invest $3.3 billion by the end of 2026 "to expand its national cloud and AI infrastructure capacity through the development of a state-of-the-art datacenter," which "will help enable companies in Wisconsin and across the country to develop, deploy and use the world's most advanced cloud services and AI applications to grow, modernize and improve their products and enterprises."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> The company also plans to "partner with Gateway Technical College to build a Data Center Academy to train and certify more than 1,000 students in five years to work in the new data center and IT sector jobs created in the area."<br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * U.S. President Joe Biden is set to announce a $3.3 billion investment by Microsoft to build an AI data center on Wednesday. * The new facility will create 2,300 union construction jobs and 2,000 permanent jobs as part of Biden's agenda to invest in U.S. workers in critical infrastructure manufacturing sectors, the White House said. * The AI data center is to be built in southeastern Wisconsin, where former President Donald Trump's administration touted a manufacturing facility with a $10 billion investment with Foxconn, but the project was not completed. * The announcement comes around six months before the U.S. presidential election. U.S. President Joe Biden is set to announce on Wednesday a $3.3 billion investment by Microsoft ([MSFT](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MSFT)) to build a new [artificial intelligence (AI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp) data center that the White House said will create 2,300 union construction jobs and ultimately 2,000 permanent jobs as part of Biden's agenda to invest in U.S. workers in infrastructure manufacturing sectors. ## To Be Built Near Foxconn Facility That Did Not Materialize The AI data center is to be built in southeastern Wisconsin, where former President Donald Trump's administration announced in 2017 a $10 billion investment with Foxconn to build a manufacturing facility for the production of LCD panel products. The project, which Trump called "the Eighth Wonder of the World," did not come to fruition. "The datacenter will be built on the same land as a failed $10 billion investment from Taiwanese electronics manufacturer Foxconn six years ago, which left behind Wisconsin residents and workers," the Biden administration said. ## 'Investing in America Agenda' The investment is part of Biden's "Investing in America agenda," which is focused on creating jobs in critical sectors like infrastructure, clean energy, semiconductors, and biotechnology by mobilizing private sector investments in the U.S. with legislation like [the CHIPS and Science Act](https://www.investopedia.com/the-us-is-investing-usd5b-in-chip-r-and-d-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-8575378). Biden is set to travel to southeastern Wisconsin to announce the facility on Wednesday around six months ahead of the U.S. presidential election. Data centers are an essential component of the infrastructure needed in the AI era. The facilities create jobs for the local workforce and can contribute to accelerating AI advancements. Microsoft said it will invest $3.3 billion by the end of 2026 "to expand its national cloud and AI infrastructure capacity through the development of a state-of-the-art datacenter," which "will help enable companies in Wisconsin and across the country to develop, deploy and use the world's most advanced cloud services and AI applications to grow, modernize and improve their products and enterprises." The company also plans to "partner with Gateway Technical College to build a Data Center Academy to train and certify more than 1,000 students in five years to work in the new data center and IT sector jobs created in the area." Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways U.S. President Joe Biden is set to announce a $3.3 billion investment by Microsoft to build an AI data center on Wednesday.The new facility will create 2,300 union construction jobs and 2,000 permanent jobs as part of Biden's agenda to invest in U.S. workers in critical infrastructure manufacturing sectors, the White House said.The AI data center is to be built in southeastern Wisconsin, where former President Donald Trump's administration touted a manufacturing facility with a $10 billion investment with Foxconn, but the project was not completed.The announcement comes around six months before the U.S. presidential election. U.S. President Joe Biden is set to announce on Wednesday a $3.3 billion investment by Microsoft (MSFT) to build a new artificial intelligence (AI) data center that the White House said will create 2,300 union construction jobs and ultimately 2,000 permanent jobs as part of Biden's agenda to invest in U.S. workers in infrastructure manufacturing sectors. To Be Built Near Foxconn Facility That Did Not Materialize The AI data center is to be built in southeastern Wisconsin, where former President Donald Trump's administration announced in 2017 a $10 billion investment with Foxconn to build a manufacturing facility for the production of LCD panel products. The project, which Trump called "the Eighth Wonder of the World," did not come to fruition. "The datacenter will be built on the same land as a failed $10 billion investment from Taiwanese electronics manufacturer Foxconn six years ago, which left behind Wisconsin residents and workers," the Biden administration said. 'Investing in America Agenda' The investment is part of Biden's "Investing in America agenda," which is focused on creating jobs in critical sectors like infrastructure, clean energy, semiconductors, and biotechnology by mobilizing private sector investments in the U.S. with legislation like the CHIPS and Science Act. Biden is set to travel to southeastern Wisconsin to announce the facility on Wednesday around six months ahead of the U.S. presidential election. Data centers are an essential component of the infrastructure needed in the AI era. The facilities create jobs for the local workforce and can contribute to accelerating AI advancements. Microsoft said it will invest $3.3 billion by the end of 2026 "to expand its national cloud and AI infrastructure capacity through the development of a state-of-the-art datacenter," which "will help enable companies in Wisconsin and across the country to develop, deploy and use the world's most advanced cloud services and AI applications to grow, modernize and improve their products and enterprises." The company also plans to "partner with Gateway Technical College to build a Data Center Academy to train and certify more than 1,000 students in five years to work in the new data center and IT sector jobs created in the area." Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "MSFT", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MSFT" ], [ "artificial intelligence (AI)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp" ], [ "the CHIPS and Science Act", "https://www.investopedia.com/the-us-is-investing-usd5b-in-chip-r-and-d-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-8575378" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-4773300
10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content list-sc" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="featured-partners__info-svg"><svg fill="none" height="13" width="12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5.5 9h1V6h-1v3zM6 1.5c-2.76 0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zm0 9c-2.205 0-4-1.795-4-4s1.795-4 4-4 4 1.795 4 4-1.795 4-4 4zM5.5 5h1V4h-1v1z" fill="#000" fill-opacity=".95" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="icon-close"><svg viewbox="0 0 14 14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.962 8.376l5.546 5.546 1.414-1.414-5.546-5.546 5.547-5.547L12.509.001 6.962 5.548 1.414 0 0 1.414l5.548 5.548-5.547 5.547 1.414 1.414 5.547-5.547z" fill="current" fill-rule="evenodd" opacity=".6"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="icon-reset"><svg fill="current" height="10" width="11" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5 8.571a3.57 3.57 0 0 0 2.982-1.606l1.185.799C8.271 9.112 6.739 10 5 10A5 5 0 1 1 5 0c1.754 0 3.296.903 4.189 2.269l1.553-.914-.502 4.758-4.404-1.871 2.12-1.248C7.313 2.049 6.229 1.429 5 1.429a3.57 3.57 0 1 0 0 7.143z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="litho-comparison-table__arrow-icon"><svg fill="none" height="48" width="48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="24" cy="24" fill="var(--color-1, white)" opacity=".72" r="24"></circle><path d="M30.284 8.697c-.396-.385-1.038-.385-1.434 0L13.927 23.21c-.396.385-.396 1.009 0 1.394s1.038.385 1.434 0l14.923-14.512c.396-.385.396-1.009 0-1.394z" fill="var(--color-2, #333333)"></path><path d="M30.283 39.303c-.396.385-1.038.385-1.434 0L13.926 24.791c-.396-.385-.396-1.009 0-1.394s1.038-.385 1.434 0l14.924 14.512c.396.385.396 1.009 0 1.394z" fill="var(--color-3, #333333)"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="bio-icon--finance"><svg viewbox="0 0 34.4 34.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M17.2 0a17.2 17.2 0 1 0 17.2 17.2A17.2 17.2 0 0 0 17.2 0zm-2.39 28a1.55 1.55 0 0 1-1.59-1.66 10.87 10.87 0 0 1 .43-2.56l1.83-7.41a4.39 4.39 0 0 0 .18-1.05c0-.66-.47-.64-1.57.15l-.64.44-.45-.56c1.69-1.74 3.52-3 5.15-3 1.07 0 1.45.73 1.45 1.66a14.56 14.56 0 0 1-.52 3.11l-1.78 7a4.45 4.45 0 0 0-.14 1c0 .7.52.7 1.54.06l.81-.5.44.56C18.48 26.63 16.7 28 14.81 28zm3.58-17.47a2 2 0 0 1-2.06-2 2.11 2.11 0 0 1 2.18-2.13 2 2 0 0 1 2.09 2 2.14 2.14 0 0 1-2.21 2.13z"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="star-icon"><svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg></symbol> </defs> </svg> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="u-font-carbon--dd112"> <div class="comp product-roundup-content--finance product-roundup--base product-roundup--base" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | PRM Template" id="product-roundup-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="article-intro article-content__description article-container expert-content structured-content text-passage"> <div class="comp intro-content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="intro-content_1-0"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&amp;tag.pref_partner=sofi&amp;tag.lender=sofi" rel="sponsored nofollow">SoFi</a> is our choice for the best overall personal loan lender due to its low cost, high customer satisfaction ratings, and excellent benefits package. Our decision is based on hundreds of hours of research, including a survey of, and interviews with, recent personal loan borrowers. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-1"> A personal loan is an unsecured installment loan. If you qualify, you'll receive a lump sum of cash, which you can use for just about any purpose, from home improvements to medical expenses. You'll repay it over time (usually several years), with fixed monthly payments. It's a versatile financial tool, and often cheaper than alternatives like credit cards or short-term, emergency loans. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-2"> The lenders in our list offer loans as small as $300 and as large as $100,000, so you'll find a lender that fits your needs, whether that's to pay for an emergency car repair or to consolidate more expensive debt. Our list does not include some of the familiar, big name banks you may know. That's because many of those banks don't offer unsecured personal loans, or if they do, don't offer the best rates, terms, benefits, or customer experience. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp intro-content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-toc-appear collapsible-summary-list collapsed product-roundup-content__collapsible-summary-list summary-list__collapsible--finance summary-list--finance summary-list--roundup summary-list" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" id="product-roundup-content__collapsible-summary-list_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="summary-list"></span> <h2 class="summary-list__title"> 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024: Rates Starting at 7.80% </h2> <div class="summary-list__dropdown-toggle"> <div class="summary-list__chevron"></div> <h4 class="summary-list__dropdown-toggle-header-collapsed">Show Full List View</h4> <h4 class="summary-list__dropdown-toggle-header-uncollapsed">Hide Full List View</h4> </div> <ul class="summary-list__content"> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best Overall:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&amp;tag.pref_partner=sofi&amp;tag.lender=sofi" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank">SoFi</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best for Debt Consolidation:</strong> <a 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href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&amp;tag.pref_partner=upgrade&amp;tag.lender=upgrade" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank">Upgrade</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best for Bad Credit:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&amp;tag.pref_partner=upstart&amp;tag.lender=upstart" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank">Upstart</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li 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data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&amp;tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank">Navy Federal Credit Union</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best Credit Union:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank">Patelco Credit Union</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-appear collapsible-summary-list collapsed product-roundup-content__collapsible-summary-list summary-list__collapsible--finance summary-list--finance summary-list--roundup summary-list --> <span class="heading-toc" id="summary-list"></span> <div class="summary-list-app__wrapper" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List"> <div class="summary-list-app__header"> <div id="summaryListApp1"></div> </div> <div class="comp summary-list-app__rows mntl-block" id="summary-list-app__rows_1-0"> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-0'] = { data: function () { return { "superlative":"Best Overall" , "loanAmountRange":"(500000,10000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-1'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"660" , "superlative":"Best for Debt Consolidation" , "loanAmountRange":"(250000,4000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-2'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"620" , "superlative":"Best for Emergency/Quick Funding" , "loanAmountRange":"(100000,5000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-3'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"300" , "superlative":"Best for Bad Credit" , "loanAmountRange":"(100000,5000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-4'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"700" , "superlative":"Best for Excellent Credit" , "loanAmountRange":"(60000,5000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-5'] = { data: function () { return { "superlative":"Best With No Credit Check" , "loanAmountRange":"(50000,400000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-6'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"660" , "superlative":"Best Big Bank" , "loanAmountRange":"(100000,5000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-7'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"620" , "superlative":"Best for Small Loan Amounts" , "loanAmountRange":"(25000,2500000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-8'] = { data: function () { return { "superlative":"Best for Military Members" , "loanAmountRange":"(25000,5000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> <script> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps || {}; window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.comps || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] = window.Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'] || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL = Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL || {}; Mntl.VueInGlobe.apps['summaryListApp'].componentsFromFTL['card-9'] = { data: function () { return { "minimumCreditScore":"640" , "superlative":"Best Credit Union" , "loanAmountRange":"(30000,10000000)" } }, template: `` }; </script> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-app__rows mntl-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__no-result summary-list-app__list-empty no-results-message--personal-loans no-results-message" id="summary-list-app__list-empty_1-0"> <span class="list-empty--message">If youre not seeing anything in the results that are a good fit for your needs, consider warranties from these companies:</span> <ul class="list-empty--links" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List"> <li><a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-home-warranties-4777763">Best Home Warranties</a></li> <li><a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal" href="https://www.investopedia.com/emergency-loans-for-bad-credit-5075539">Best Emergency Loans for Bad Credit</a></li> <li><a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-for-bad-credit-4774349">Best Personal Loans for Bad Credit</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__no-result summary-list-app__list-empty no-results-message--personal-loans no-results-message --> <div class="comp filter-app__content summary-list-app__rows summary-list--comparison-table summary-list-app__content summary-list--personal-loans filter-app-table-wrapper litho-comparison-table" data-tracking-container="true" id="summary-list--personal-loans_2-0"> <table class="litho-comparison-table__table"> <thead class="loc tableHead"> <tr class="comp summary-list-headers litho-comparison-table__header-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__header-row_5-0"> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" colspan="2" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_11-0"> Company</th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_12-0"> APR</th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_13-0"> Credit Score est.</th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_14-0"> Loan Amount</th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_15-0"> More Details</th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp summary-list-headers litho-comparison-table__header-row mntl-block --> </thead> <tbody class="loc tableBody"> <tr class="comp card-0 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--0 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0"> Best Overall</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="SoFi" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image2 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DOO6NyvAoRAbX7lX8b7z7O9JqoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sofi-d3a06fcea0664f459ca369be9d67f0ba.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="SoFi" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image2 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DOO6NyvAoRAbX7lX8b7z7O9JqoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sofi-d3a06fcea0664f459ca369be9d67f0ba.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0"> APR With Autopay Discount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0"> 8.99% - 29.49%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp is-not-disclosed summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0"> Not Disclosed</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0"> <span class="comp tooltip-trigger summary-list__tooltip mntl-block" data-label="Estimated Minimum Credit Score" id="summary-list__tooltip_3-0"> <svg class="icon bio-icon--finance"> <use xlink:href="#bio-icon--finance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </span><!-- end: comp tooltip-trigger summary-list__tooltip mntl-block --> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp is-not-disclosed summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0"> $5,000 - $100,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-sofi" id="mntl-text-link_5-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&amp;tag.pref_partner=sofi&amp;tag.lender=sofi" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-0 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--0 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-1 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--1 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-1"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-1"> Best for Debt Consolidation</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-1"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Discover" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/reuvCr-X-1h9gXQkIBnRAzYMq6w=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Discover_PersonalLoans_Primary_Logo_RGB-22e400594a1e4c1fbb0f412ec03c6444.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Discover" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/reuvCr-X-1h9gXQkIBnRAzYMq6w=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Discover_PersonalLoans_Primary_Logo_RGB-22e400594a1e4c1fbb0f412ec03c6444.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-1"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-1"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-1"> 7.99% - 24.99%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-1"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-1"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-1"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-1"> 660</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-1"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-1"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-1"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-1"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-1"> $2,500 - $40,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-1"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-discover" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&amp;tag.lender=discover-bridge" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-1" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-1 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--1 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-2 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--2 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-2"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-2"> Best for Emergency/Quick Funding</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-2"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Upgrade" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/XCpP2h-d0nsnxmzdRj2-cewYSkA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Upgrade-Logo-bc0ec4b2fc0b48daaefbde361ccabe98.jpeg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Upgrade" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/XCpP2h-d0nsnxmzdRj2-cewYSkA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Upgrade-Logo-bc0ec4b2fc0b48daaefbde361ccabe98.jpeg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-2"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-2"> APR With Autopay Discount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-2"> 8.49% - 35.99%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-2"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-2"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-2"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-2"> 620</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-2"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-2"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-2"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-2"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-2"> $1,000 - $50,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-2"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-upgrade" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&amp;tag.pref_partner=upgrade&amp;tag.lender=upgrade" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-2" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-2 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--2 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-3 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--3 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-3"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-3"> Best for Bad Credit</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-3"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Upstart" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vHgD28kSI1ICOT0gnILI_zRcBEs=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/upstart-f229ab62838d4a88a95cde6a6f74bc49.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Upstart" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vHgD28kSI1ICOT0gnILI_zRcBEs=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/upstart-f229ab62838d4a88a95cde6a6f74bc49.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-3"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-3"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-3"> 7.80% - 35.99%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-3"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-3"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-3"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-3"> 300</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-3"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-3"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-3"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-3"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-3"> $1,000 - $50,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-3"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-upstart" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&amp;tag.pref_partner=upstart&amp;tag.lender=upstart" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-3" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-3 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--3 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-4 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--4 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-4"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-4"> Best for Excellent Credit</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-4"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="PenFed Credit Union" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image2 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kOE4NaJpLEtqdBE-0D8l4PaeAQA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/penfed-2e2d3e6cceca42e695361d98ad185799.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="PenFed Credit Union" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image2 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kOE4NaJpLEtqdBE-0D8l4PaeAQA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/penfed-2e2d3e6cceca42e695361d98ad185799.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-4"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-4"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-4"> 7.99% - 17.99%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-4"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-4"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-4"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-4"> 700</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-4"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-4"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-4"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-4"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-4"> $600 - $50,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-4"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-penfed-credit-union" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&amp;tag.pref_partner=penfed&amp;tag.lender=penfed" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-4" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-4 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--4 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-5 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--5 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-5"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-5"> Best With No Credit Check</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-5"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="OppLoans" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zw693bbSqNa06vuUrSfVJJ7l8d4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OppLoans-logo-4e3e2ecc63fb4c59895c235a6e2400c6.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="OppLoans" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zw693bbSqNa06vuUrSfVJJ7l8d4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OppLoans-logo-4e3e2ecc63fb4c59895c235a6e2400c6.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-5"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-5"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-5"> 160.00% - 179.00%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp is-not-disclosed summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-5"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-5"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-5"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-5"> Not Disclosed</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-5"> <span class="comp tooltip-trigger summary-list__tooltip mntl-block" data-label="Estimated Minimum Credit Score" id="summary-list__tooltip_3-0-1"> <svg class="icon bio-icon--finance"> <use xlink:href="#bio-icon--finance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </span><!-- end: comp tooltip-trigger summary-list__tooltip mntl-block --> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-5"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp is-not-disclosed summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-5"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-5"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-5"> $500 - $4,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-5"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-opploans" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-5" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&amp;tag.pref_partner=opploans" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-5" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-5 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--5 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-6 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--6 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-6"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-6"> Best Big Bank</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-6"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="U.S. Bank" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image1 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nxLUxZ1pmhlEnngANrqni6C83Xk=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-bank-1fe8f914032f48b5a193d278b83c747f.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="U.S. Bank" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nxLUxZ1pmhlEnngANrqni6C83Xk=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-bank-1fe8f914032f48b5a193d278b83c747f.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-6"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-6"> APR With Autopay Discount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-6"> 8.74% - 24.99%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-6"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-6"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-6"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-6"> 660</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-6"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-6"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-6"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-6"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-6"> $1,000 - $50,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-6"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-us-bank" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-6" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&amp;tag.lender=usbank-bridge" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-6" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-6 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--6 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-7 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--7 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-7"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-7"> Best for Small Loan Amounts</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-7"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Lake Michigan Credit Union" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/romTYALmCvqd_9cGHhJOM5p9A_8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lake-Michigan-Credit-Union-logo-28dcd563803b491482176d2223775662.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Lake Michigan Credit Union" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/romTYALmCvqd_9cGHhJOM5p9A_8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lake-Michigan-Credit-Union-logo-28dcd563803b491482176d2223775662.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-7"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-7"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-7"> 9.99% - 18.00%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-7"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-7"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-7"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-7"> 620</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-7"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-7"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-7"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-7"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-7"> $250 - $25,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-7"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-lake-michigan-credit-union" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-7" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-7" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-7 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--7 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-8 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--8 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-8"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-8"> Best for Military Members</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-8"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Navy Federal Credit Union" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OZ91Nkuc7hxOKt7Pnw-qYBkQX_s=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/navy-federal-credit-union-2cf8ae64daa040dc85d84da392c99c93.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Navy Federal Credit Union" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OZ91Nkuc7hxOKt7Pnw-qYBkQX_s=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/navy-federal-credit-union-2cf8ae64daa040dc85d84da392c99c93.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-8"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-8"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-8"> 8.99% - 18.00%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp is-not-disclosed summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-8"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-8"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-8"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-8"> Not Disclosed</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-8"> <span class="comp tooltip-trigger summary-list__tooltip mntl-block" data-label="Estimated Minimum Credit Score" id="summary-list__tooltip_3-0-2"> <svg class="icon bio-icon--finance"> <use xlink:href="#bio-icon--finance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </span><!-- end: comp tooltip-trigger summary-list__tooltip mntl-block --> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-8"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp is-not-disclosed summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-8"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-8"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-8"> $250 - $50,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-8"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-navy-federal-credit-union" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-8" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&amp;tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-8" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-8 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--8 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp card-9 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--9 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_5-0-9"> <td class="comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__superlative_2-0-9"> Best Credit Union</td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__superlative litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__record_2-0-9"> <figure class="summary-list-col__image mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Patelco Credit Union" class="lazyload summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0gs2PHB4LmOH9yK2dU7FmMLko7E=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PatelcoCreditUnion-2710a2540a224fdc823143d06af54798.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Patelco Credit Union" class="img--noscript summary-list-col__product-image smaller-image3 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0gs2PHB4LmOH9yK2dU7FmMLko7E=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PatelcoCreditUnion-2710a2540a224fdc823143d06af54798.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div></figure> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__record litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-1_2-0-9"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_4-0-9"> APR Range</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_3-0-9"> 9.30% - 17.90%</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-1 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-2_2-0-9"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_5-0-9"> Recommended Minimum Credit Score</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__credit-score-container_2-0-9"> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value-text_2-0-9"> 640</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-wrapper_2-0-9"> <div class="comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block" id="summary-list__tooltip-bubble_3-0-9"> This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements.</div><!-- end: comp tooltip-bubble summary-list__tooltip-bubble mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list__tooltip-wrapper mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value summary-list-col__credit-score-container mntl-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-2 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__property-3_2-0-9"> <div class="comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-name_6-0-9"> Loan Amount</div><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-name mntl-text-block --> <strong class="comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block" id="summary-list-col__property-value_4-0-9"> $300 - $100,000</strong><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-value mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__property-3 summary-list-col__property litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="summary-list-col__user-action_2-0-9"> <a class="mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="#toc-patelco-credit-union" id="mntl-text-link_5-0-9" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">See Details</span></a><!-- end: mntl-text-link js-inline-link ga-tracker__read-more button button--outlined summary-list-col__jump-link --> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_5-0-9" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link summary-list-col__cta-button ga-tracker__read-more --> </td><!-- end: comp summary-list-col__user-action litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp card-9 filter-app-table-row js-table-hide-col summary-list-row litho-comparison-table__product-row--9 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> </tbody> </table> </div><!-- end: comp filter-app__content summary-list-app__rows summary-list--comparison-table summary-list-app__content summary-list--personal-loans filter-app-table-wrapper litho-comparison-table --> </div> <div class="comp product-roundup-expertise-block expertise-block" id="product-roundup-expertise-block_1-0"> <div class="expertise-block__header"> <span class="expertise-block__heading"> Why Trust Us </span> <div class="expertise-block__chevron"></div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-points"> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-lenders-reviewed"> 70 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Lenders reviewed </div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-features-considered"> 31 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Loan features considered </div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-analyzed"> 1,680 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Data points analyzed </div> </div> <div class="expertise-block__data-point"> <span class="expertise-block__data-point-heading icon-eat-data-sources"> 173 </span> <div class="expertise-block__data-point-content"> Primary data sources used </div> </div> </div> <span class="expertise-block__content"> Investopedia collected key data points from several lenders to identify the most important factors to borrowers. We used this data to review each lender for fees, accessibility, repayment terms, and other features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right borrowing decision for their needs. <div class="expertise-block__section-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280">Read our Full Methodology</a> </div> </span> </div><!-- end: comp product-roundup-expertise-block expertise-block --> <div class="comp post-intro prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="post-intro_1-0"></div><!-- end: comp post-intro prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> <div class="comp loan-quiz even-loan-block even-loans-quiz--finance mntl-block" id="even-loan-block_1-0"></div><!-- end: comp loan-quiz even-loan-block even-loans-quiz--finance mntl-block --> </div> <div class="article-body"> <div class="loc article-left-nav article-body__left-nav product-roundup__left-nav js-sticky-container"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc--finance product-roundup__toc sticky-toc--finance-roundup sticky-toc--roundup sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-roundup__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_1-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_1-0"> 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_1-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="Expand" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_1-0"> Expand</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_1-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_2-0"> 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_1-0"> <li class="comp toc__listsc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" id="toc__listsc-item_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" href="#summary-list" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Our Top Picks</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp toc__listsc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-SoFi" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-SoFi" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-sofi" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">SoFi</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Discover" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Discover" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-discover" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Discover</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Upgrade" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Upgrade" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-upgrade" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Upgrade</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Upstart" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Upstart" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-upstart" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Upstart</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-PenFed Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-PenFed Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-penfed-credit-union" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">PenFed Credit Union</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-OppLoans" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-OppLoans" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-opploans" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">OppLoans</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-U.S. Bank" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-U.S. Bank" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-us-bank" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">U.S. Bank</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Lake Michigan Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-7"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Lake Michigan Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-lake-michigan-credit-union" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Lake Michigan Credit Union</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Navy Federal Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-8"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Navy Federal Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-navy-federal-credit-union" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Navy Federal Credit Union</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Patelco Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_1-0-9"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Patelco Credit Union" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-patelco-credit-union" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Patelco Credit Union</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp toc-items__chop mntl-text-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-See More" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="toc-items__chop_1-0"> See More (7)</li><!-- end: comp toc-items__chop mntl-text-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Compare Providers" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc-list-item_2-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Compare Providers" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#comparison-table" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Compare Providers</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-The Bottom Line" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-the-bottom-line" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">The Bottom Line</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-what-is-a-personal-loan-and-how-does-it-work" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-who-has-the-lowest-personal-loan-interest-rates" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-How to Apply" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-to-apply-for-a-personal-loan-step-by-step" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">How to Apply</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs-feb263a5-dfb5-4caf-a71e-529ded64904f" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-we-picked-the-best-personal-loans" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-5" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-6"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Guide to Personal Loans" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-guide-to-personal-loans" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-6" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Guide to Personal Loans</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc--finance product-roundup__toc sticky-toc--finance-roundup sticky-toc--roundup sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div> <div class="loc article-body__inner article-body__inner"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-sofi"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Overall</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">SoFi</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.8 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.8</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 297px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="SoFi" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DOO6NyvAoRAbX7lX8b7z7O9JqoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sofi-d3a06fcea0664f459ca369be9d67f0ba.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="SoFi" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DOO6NyvAoRAbX7lX8b7z7O9JqoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sofi-d3a06fcea0664f459ca369be9d67f0ba.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 8.99% - 29.49% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $5,000 - $100,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 24 months - 84 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&amp;tag.pref_partner=sofi&amp;tag.lender=sofi" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-2"> While lower-rate personal loans do exist, SoFi is the most affordable lender offering a good blend of options plus some nice extras. SoFi is one of the few lenders to offer a comprehensive benefits package with all of its loans, including free financial planning from an advisor and career counseling and support.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-3"> Borrowers seem to approve of this approach, rating SoFi as the fourth-best in J.D. Power’s annual survey of customer satisfaction among personal loan lenders.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="59"></span> The biggest downside of borrowing with SoFi is that with a minimum loan amount of $5,000, borrowers looking for a smaller loan are left out.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="76"></span> And while you can apply with a co-borrower, SoFi doesn’t offer the option to apply with a co-signer or use collateral if you’re not able to be approved otherwise. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-4"> SoFi was founded in 2011 and is based in San Francisco, California. It has funded more than $73 billion in loans of various types, including student loans and personal loans. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-important mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"> <p>Co-borrowers are jointly responsible from the beginning to repay the loan with you. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/getting-personal-loan-cosigner-7557665">Co-signers</a> only repay the loan if you default, making it an easier sell to get someone on board with your loan.</p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-important mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-7"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Zero fees charged</p></li> <li><p>Same-day funding available</p></li> <li><p>Access to SoFi membership benefits</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No secured loan options</p></li> <li><p>Can’t apply with a co-signer, but co-borrowers are accepted</p></li> <li><p>High minimum loan amounts</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-9"> <li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.</li><li>Must be at least 18 years old in most U.S. states</li><li>Must have income or a job offer starting within 90 days</li><li>Must be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or non-permanent resident</li><li>Loans can’t be used for real estate, investments, businesses, or college financing.<br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-9"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-9" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">SoFi Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-1"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-discover"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-1"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Debt Consolidation</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Discover</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-1"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.5 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-1"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.5</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-1" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__half-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-1);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-1"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-1"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-1"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 590px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-3x2 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Discover Personal Loans " class="lazyload figure-3x2 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Mxofdzmlb9qXnReYBuMZHK74_vc=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Discover_PersonalLoans_Primary_Logo_RGB-22e400594a1e4c1fbb0f412ec03c6444.jpg" height="1000" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Discover Personal Loans " class="img--noscript figure-3x2 universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Mxofdzmlb9qXnReYBuMZHK74_vc=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Discover_PersonalLoans_Primary_Logo_RGB-22e400594a1e4c1fbb0f412ec03c6444.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 7.99% - 24.99% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $2,500 - $40,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 36 months - 84 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&amp;tag.lender=discover-bridge" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-1" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-12"> As long as you’re not looking to consolidate any debt from a Discover card, a Discover personal loan is an excellent choice for debt consolidation. It offers a fast funding time with a next-business-day deposit into your bank account if everything goes smoothly, and its low rates with zero origination fees make it easier to pay back. It was ranked as the third-best personal loan option in 2023 by J.D. Power.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="59"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-13"> The downside is that you can only apply as a solo applicant, although you are able to use your household income on your application, so a partner or other family member can still help you out in this area. You can’t apply with a co-signer or co-borrower or use collateral for a Discover loan, however, meaning you’ll need to qualify on your own credit merits. It’s always a good idea to pay on time to avoid damaging your credit, but in this case, it’s especially important given that Discover charges an especially high late payment fee of $39.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="77"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-14"> Discover was founded in 1986 as a subsidiary of Sears, Roebuck &amp; Company offering credit card services. It is headquartered in Riverwood, Illinois and has funded more than $10 billion in personal loans. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-16"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No origination fee</p></li> <li><p>Excellent customer satisfaction ratings</p></li> <li><p>Can send payment to creditors directly</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Only accepts individual applications</p></li> <li><p>Can’t use collateral for a secured loan</p></li> <li><p>Can’t consolidate debt from a Discover credit card</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-18"> <li>Must be at least 18 years old</li><li>$25,000 minimum annual household income</li><li>Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident</li><li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C</li><li>Must have an email address, physical address, and a smartphone or computer<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="78"></span></li><li>Loans can’t be used to consolidate debt from a mortgage, auto loan, or Discover credit card.<br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-18"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/discover-personal-loans-review-4799530" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-18" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">Discover Personal Loans Review 2024 </span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-2"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-upgrade"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-2"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Emergency/Quick Funding</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Upgrade</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-2"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.6 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-2"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.6</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-2" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-2);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-2"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-2"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-2"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 860px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-3x2 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Upgrade Logo" class="lazyload figure-3x2 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/qvGmc97xSl2Z7X5uGBUWn53yapY=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Upgrade-Logo-bc0ec4b2fc0b48daaefbde361ccabe98.jpeg" height="1000" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Upgrade Logo" class="img--noscript figure-3x2 universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/qvGmc97xSl2Z7X5uGBUWn53yapY=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Upgrade-Logo-bc0ec4b2fc0b48daaefbde361ccabe98.jpeg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 8.49% - 35.99% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $1,000 - $50,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 24 months - 84 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&amp;tag.pref_partner=upgrade&amp;tag.lender=upgrade" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-2" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-21"> Upgrade accepts applicants with fair credit scores, and if you still don’t qualify or want lower rates, you can apply with three backup options: pledging a car for collateral, applying with a co-borrower, or applying with a co-signer. If you’re approved, you can receive your loan funds as soon as the next business day.   </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-22"> You do pay a price for that convenience, however: Each personal loan comes with an origination fee ranging from 1.85% to 9.99%, an expensive fee considering many lenders don’t charge anything at all. On the other hand, Upgrade does offer rate discounts if you sign up for autopay or a debt consolidation loan, and it offers a $200 sign-up bonus if you open and use a new Upgrade checking account when you take out your loan.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="79"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-23"> Upgrade is headquartered in San Francisco, California. It has provided more than $24 billion in loans and credit in the past five years. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-25"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Multiple discount options</p></li> <li><p>$200 checking account bonus offer</p></li> <li><p>Allows collateral, co-borrowers, and co-signers</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Expensive origination fee</p></li> <li><p>Poor customer satisfaction ratings</p></li> <li><p>High interest rate for some applicants</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-27"> <li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.</li><li>Must be at least 18 years old in most U.S. states</li><li>Must have an email address and a bank account</li><li>Must be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or non-permanent alien with a valid visa</li><li>Loans can’t be used for college expenses, illegal activities, investments, or gambling.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-27"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/upgrade-personal-loans-review-4842832" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-27" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">Upgrade Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-3"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-upstart"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-3"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Bad Credit</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Upstart</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-3"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.1 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-3"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.1</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-3" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-3);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-3"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-3"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-3"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Upstart logo" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vHgD28kSI1ICOT0gnILI_zRcBEs=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/upstart-f229ab62838d4a88a95cde6a6f74bc49.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Upstart logo" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vHgD28kSI1ICOT0gnILI_zRcBEs=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/upstart-f229ab62838d4a88a95cde6a6f74bc49.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 7.80% - 35.99% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $1,000 - $50,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 36 months - 60 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&amp;tag.pref_partner=upstart&amp;tag.lender=upstart" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-3" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-30"> For borrowers with credit scores in the "bad" or "poor" range—between 300 and 579—finding a loan is not easy. Loans those borrowers do find usually come with APRs in the high double- or triple-digits. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-31"> Upstart has the lowest minimum credit score of any lender on our list; they will consider applicants who don't even have sufficient credit history to produce a score. For those who do have a score, different Upstart partners have different minimums, offering credit access to the full spectrum of credit profiles. You can borrow up to $50,000, and, if approved, your loan funds can be disbursed in as little as one day. Rates won't go higher than 35.99%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="80"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-32"> Even if you have no credit history at all, you can still be eligible for a loan if you are enrolled in or graduated from a degree program. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-33"> Upstart has made available to borrowers more than $35 billion in loans of various types, including personal loans. It is headquartered in San Mateo, California and was founded in 2012. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-35"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Low minimum credit score</p></li> <li><p>Fast funding</p></li> <li><p>Good loan amount flexibility</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>High origination fee</p></li> <li><p>High APRs</p></li> <li><p>Fewer loan term options than others</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-37"> <li>Full range of credit scores are considered, including those with no score</li><li>You must be 18 years old.<br/></li><li>An email, verifiable name, verifiable date of birth, and social security number</li><li>U.S. bank account with routing number</li><li>Minimum annual income of $12,000</li><li>Have a job or one starting within six months<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="70"></span></li><li>Meet partner lenders' credit requirements<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="69"></span></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-37"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/upstart-personal-loans-review-4843810" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-37" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">Upstart Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-4"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-penfed-credit-union"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-4"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Excellent Credit</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">PenFed Credit Union</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-4"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.5 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-4"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.5</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-4" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__half-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-4);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-4"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-4"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-4"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 271px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="PenFed Credit Union" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kOE4NaJpLEtqdBE-0D8l4PaeAQA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/penfed-2e2d3e6cceca42e695361d98ad185799.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="PenFed Credit Union" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kOE4NaJpLEtqdBE-0D8l4PaeAQA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/penfed-2e2d3e6cceca42e695361d98ad185799.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 7.99% - 17.99% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $600 - $50,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 12 months - 60 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&amp;tag.pref_partner=penfed&amp;tag.lender=penfed" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-4" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-40"> Pentagon Federal Credit Union—or PenFed for short—is one of the largest credit unions in the country, with nearly three million members.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="71"></span> It’s also one of the easiest to join, with no special requirements to meet other than popping $5 into a savings account to get your membership started. You can apply for a loan without joining to see your options, but if you decide to accept PenFed’s loan offer, you’ll need to join the credit union to receive your loan funds. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-41"> You’ll also need good credit in order to be approved. If you don’t have that on your own, you may be able to apply with a co-borrower or use collateral to secure your loan, although PenFed doesn’t provide any details on how this works. In addition to offering excellent rates on a wide range of loan amounts, PenFed also has a robust discount program offering savings on H&amp;R Block tax preparation, college planning services, insurance, and more. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-42"> PenFed is one of the nation’s largest credit unions. It was founded in 1935 and is headquartered in McLean, Virginia. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-44"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No origination fee</p></li> <li><p>Excellent range of loan options</p></li> <li><p>Easy membership requirements</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Doesn’t allow co-signers, but they do allow co-borrowers</p></li> <li><p>Doesn't offer longer loan terms</p></li> <li><p>Doesn’t offer direct payment to creditors</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-46"> <li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.</li><li>Must join the credit union by depositing $5 in a savings account<br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-46"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/penfed-personal-loans-review-4800862" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-46" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">PenFed Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-5"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-opploans"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-5"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best With No Credit Check</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">OppLoans</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-5"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="2.9 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-5"> <span class="star-rating__label">2.9</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-5" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="80%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="80%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-5);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__empty-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d5d5d5;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__empty-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d5d5d5;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-5"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-5"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-5"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 10px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="OppLoans logo" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zw693bbSqNa06vuUrSfVJJ7l8d4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OppLoans-logo-4e3e2ecc63fb4c59895c235a6e2400c6.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="OppLoans logo" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zw693bbSqNa06vuUrSfVJJ7l8d4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OppLoans-logo-4e3e2ecc63fb4c59895c235a6e2400c6.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 160.00% - 179.00% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $500 - $4,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 9 months - 18 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&amp;tag.pref_partner=opploans" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-5" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-49"> Borrowers with poor, or no, credit who cannot qualify for a personal loan from most other lenders may be able to qualify for a loan from OppLoans. Unlike most lenders, OppLoans doesn’t rely on a borrower’s credit score or credit history to make a lending decision. Borrowers also won’t pay origination fees and can access loan funds the same day. OppLoans provides a wealth of personal finance resources and tools on its website, and it has gotten strong reviews on third-party customer review sites like Trustpilot.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="62"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-50"> But it’s important to note that this accessibility comes at a high cost. Interest rates on OppLoans’s loans are considerably higher than traditional personal loans—you’ll pay an APR of 160% for your loan. Additionally, repayment plans are significantly shorter, just nine to 18 months, and you can only borrow up to $4,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="72"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-51"> OppLoans was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It has extended loans to more than a million borrowers since its founding. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-53"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No minimum credit score requirement</p></li> <li><p>Strong customer service</p></li> <li><p>Same-day funding available</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Very high interest rates</p></li> <li><p>Short repayment terms</p></li> <li><p>Not available in all U.S. states</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-55"> <li>Be at least 18 years of age</li><li>Have a bank account</li><li>Have a verifiable source of income</li><li>Receive income through direct deposit</li><li>Available in 37 states; not available in: Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="73"></span><br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-55"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/opploans-personal-loans-review-5069762" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-55" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">OppLoans Personal Loans Review for 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-6"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-us-bank"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-6"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Big Bank</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">U.S. Bank</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-6"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.7 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-6"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.7</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-6" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-6);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-6"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-6"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-6"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 239px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="U.S. Bank logo" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nxLUxZ1pmhlEnngANrqni6C83Xk=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-bank-1fe8f914032f48b5a193d278b83c747f.png" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="U.S. Bank logo" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nxLUxZ1pmhlEnngANrqni6C83Xk=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-bank-1fe8f914032f48b5a193d278b83c747f.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 8.74% - 24.99% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $1,000 - $50,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 12 months - 84 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&amp;tag.lender=usbank-bridge" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-6" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-58"> Working with a large bank offers the added advantage of being able to walk into a branch and talk to someone about your loan. U.S. Bank is the fifth-largest bank in the country, with over 2,300 branches in about half of U.S. states.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="60"></span> Current customers of U.S. Bank will benefit the most, with reduced credit requirements and increased maximum loan amounts.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-59"> If you’re not a current customer, however, you’ll be limited to a smaller loan of $25,000 or less.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="81"></span> U.S. Bank also <em>used</em> to have a better reputation, ranking as high as the second-best option for personal loans in 2022 by J.D. Power.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="61"></span> However, it was severely demoted down to below-average status in the 2023 iteration of the survey.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="74"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-60"> U.S. Bank was founded in 1863 and is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-62"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No origination fee</p></li> <li><p>In-branch service available</p></li> <li><p>Autopay discount</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Poor customer satisfaction ratings</p></li> <li><p>Only available in about half of U.S. states</p></li> <li><p>Restrictions for non-current customers</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-64"> <li>Only available in 27 U.S. states<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="75"></span><br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-64"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/us-bank-personal-loans-review-4843013" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-64" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">U.S. Bank Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-7"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-lake-michigan-credit-union"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-7"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Small Loan Amounts</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Lake Michigan Credit Union</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-7"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.2 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-7"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.2</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-7" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-7);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-7"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-7"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-7"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Lake Michigan Credit Union logo" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/romTYALmCvqd_9cGHhJOM5p9A_8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lake-Michigan-Credit-Union-logo-28dcd563803b491482176d2223775662.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Lake Michigan Credit Union logo" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/romTYALmCvqd_9cGHhJOM5p9A_8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lake-Michigan-Credit-Union-logo-28dcd563803b491482176d2223775662.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 9.99% - 18.00% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $250 - $25,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 24 months - 60 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-7" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-67"> Lake Michigan Credit Union (LMCU) earns the nod for best small loan lender because it offers personal loans as small as $250—the smallest in our database with reasonable rates and terms. Many competitors have loan amounts starting between $500 and $2,000, and a few offer loans under $500, so you have some options, depending on the size of your need. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-68"> LMCU also offers competitive APRs and doesn’t charge origination fees, helping to keep your borrowing costs down. Its minimum required credit score of 620 makes its loans accessible to borrowers with fair credit. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-69"> Be aware that its max loan limit is low (if a larger loan is in your future), and its terms are not as flexible as other lenders we evaluated. It also doesn’t offer pre-qualification, which means you can’t see your rate and term without completing a formal application (with a slight downward nudge to your credit score). And because it’s a credit union, you’ll need to become a member before borrowing, although membership is easy to get.<br/> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-70"> Today, LMCU has over $12 billion in assets, and it's the largest financial institution headquartered in West Michigan.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="91"></span> It is the 17th largest credit union in the nation, based on asset size.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="90"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-72"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Small loan amounts</p></li> <li><p>Low minimum credit score of 620 required</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No pre-qualification</p></li> <li><p>Membership required</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-74"> <li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.</li><li>You must have a minimum credit score of 620 to qualify for a personal loan with LMCU. </li><li>To become a member, you must live, work, or go to church in Florida or Michigan’s lower peninsula, be a U.S. citizen with an immediate family member who is an LMCU member, or be a U.S. citizen and contribute $5 to the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Fund.<br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-74"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lake-michigan-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384413" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-74" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">Lake Michigan Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-8"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-navy-federal-credit-union"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-8"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Military Members</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Navy Federal Credit Union</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-8"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.4 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-8"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.4</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-8" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-full star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-8);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-8"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-8"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-8"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 486px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-2x1 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Navy Federal Credit Union logo" class="lazyload figure-2x1 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OZ91Nkuc7hxOKt7Pnw-qYBkQX_s=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/navy-federal-credit-union-2cf8ae64daa040dc85d84da392c99c93.jpg" height="750" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Navy Federal Credit Union logo" class="img--noscript figure-2x1 universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OZ91Nkuc7hxOKt7Pnw-qYBkQX_s=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/navy-federal-credit-union-2cf8ae64daa040dc85d84da392c99c93.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 8.99% - 18.00% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $250 - $50,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 6 months - 180 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&amp;tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-8" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-77"> Navy Federal has a lot going for it. Aside from its wide range of term lengths and loan amounts to choose from, there are no origination fees and even a 0.25% rate discount on top of the already fantastic rates if you use autopay.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="85"></span> It also received the highest satisfaction score for personal loans in J.D. Power’s 2023 study (unofficially, as it does not meet all of J.D Power's requirements for inclusion), far surpassing any other lender.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="59"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-78"> However, as the name implies, the biggest barrier for most people in accessing these loans is its military-only (or military-adjacent) membership requirement. Furthermore, assuming you’re even eligible to join, it’s a clunky process to apply if you’re not already a member. The credit union doesn’t offer a way to pre-qualify for its personal loans, meaning you’ll need to first join the credit union in order to see your options at all, even if you don’t end up selecting Navy Federal as your lender. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-79"> Navy Federal Credit Union is the nation’s largest credit union. It was founded in 1933 and is headquartered in Vienna, Virginia. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-81"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Same-day funding</p></li> <li><p>Autopay discount</p></li> <li><p>Highest J.D. Power customer satisfaction ratings</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Doesn’t allow co-signers</p></li> <li><p>Not available to most civilians</p></li> <li><p>Doesn’t offer loan pre-qualification</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-83"> <li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.</li><li>Must join the credit union by depositing $5 in a savings account to establish membership</li><li>Membership open to active-duty military members, veterans, Department of Defense contractors, and their families<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="86"></span></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-83"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/navy-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-4844366" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-83" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class=""> Navy Federal Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-9"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-patelco-credit-union"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-9"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Credit Union</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Patelco Credit Union</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating" id="list-sc-item__rating_1-0-9"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia's Rating </span> <div alt="4.7 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_5-0-9"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.7</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_5-0-9" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_5-0-9);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__rating product-rating --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-9"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-9"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-9"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <!-- basically identifies commerce, but "isRetailer" is more generic --> <!-- Leave support for 3x2 ratio, default to 2x1 aspect ratio--> <!-- Update the SASS variable used to scale up images smaller than 1500px--> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__imageHolder" style="--imgWidth: 599px"> <figure class="loc productrecord__logo figure-media figure-3x2 figure-landscape mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-image figure-high-res upscaleImg"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Patelco Credit Union" class="lazyload figure-3x2 universal-image__image" data-expand="1500" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/GQh7xHVNPlxvMNahOptTzVm_DyU=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PatelcoCreditUnion-2710a2540a224fdc823143d06af54798.jpg" height="1000" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Patelco Credit Union" class="img--noscript figure-3x2 universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/GQh7xHVNPlxvMNahOptTzVm_DyU=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PatelcoCreditUnion-2710a2540a224fdc823143d06af54798.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-productrecord__specs"> <!-- Product Attribute List --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html prm-sc-block-productrecord__attributes"> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__fixedAPRPercentageRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>APR Range:</strong> </span> 9.30% - 17.90% </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__loanAmountRange"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Amount:</strong> </span> $300 - $100,000 </li> <li class="key-spec infocat-prop__earliestRepayment"> <span class="key-spec__title"> <strong>Loan Terms:</strong> </span> 6 months - 84 months </li> </ul> <!-- CTA Button (commerce button) --> <div class="loc cta productrecord__cta-button" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock - Button"> <a class="mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu" id="mntl-commerce-btn_1-0-9" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-commerce-btn mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Why We Chose It</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-86"> Patelco’s personal loan program is a bit more intricate than most lenders, but that works to your advantage. You’ll be able to choose from a broad range of loan amounts and term lengths to suit just about any need you might have. Patelco also offers two discounts. The first is a 0.10% rate reduction if you meet Commitment Household Membership by using more of the credit union’s services.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="88"></span> The second discount is 0.50% off your interest rate for paying on time for 12 months straight. This discount is given up to three times for a total of 1.50% off your interest rate for the rest of the loan's life.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="87"></span> It'll pay the first year of your membership requirement, unlike most credit unions.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-87"> Patelco is a relatively recent addition to our list of serious competitors for the best personal loans. So it may not be surprising that there’s not many reviews out there from actual customers. In addition, its checking accounts may come with monthly fees and its savings accounts don’t always offer good rates unless you have a high balance, making this a better option for people looking more for low loan rates than for high deposit account rates. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-88"> Patelco Credit Union was founded in 1936 by employees of the Pacific Telephone &amp; Telegraph company. Its headquarters are in Dublin, California and it boasts more than $9 billion in assets. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-90"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No origination fees</p></li> <li><p>Many discounts available</p></li> <li><p>Wide range of loan options</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Scarcity of customer reviews</p></li> <li><p>Uninspiring checking and savings accounts</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Qualifications</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content" data-tab-index="3"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-92"> <li>Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.</li><li>Must become a credit union member</li><li>If you don't qualify to become a member for free, you can join the Financial Fitness Association; Patelco will pay for the first year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="88"></span><br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="loc post-content tabbed-sc-block__content tabbed-sc-block__post-content"> <div class="comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link" data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-92"> Read the Full <a data-click-action="OffPageClick - Internal [FullProductReview]" data-tracking-container="false" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductRecordBlock" href="https://www.investopedia.com/patelco-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8364504" id="tabbed-sc-block--review-link_1-0-92" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="">Patelco Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024</span></a><!-- end: --></div><!-- end: comp tabbed-sc-block--review-link infocat-review-link link --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> </div> <div class="article-outro article-container"> <div class="comp js-table-scroll structured-content comparison-table prm-comparison-table--finance prm-comparison-table litho-comparison-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table" id="comparison-table_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="comparison-table"></span> <h2 class="litho-comparison-table__header">Compare the 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024: Rates Starting at 7.80%</h2> <table class="litho-comparison-table__table litho-comparison-table__table--pivot"> <thead class="loc tableHead"> <tr class="comp litho-comparison-table__header-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__header-row_1-0"> <th class="comp mntl-block" id="mntl-block_1-0"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__collapse-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="toggle" data-class="litho-comparison-table__header-row--collapsed" data-click-action="Collapse" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__header-row" id="prm-comparison-table__collapse-btn_1-0"></div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__collapse-btn mntl-text-block --> </th><!-- end: comp mntl-block --> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_1-0"> Best For</th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> <th class="comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="dynamic-properties-header_1-0"> <div class="comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block" id="comparison-table__heading-wrapper_1-0"> <span class="comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block" id="comparison-table__heading-label_1-0"> APR Range</span><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block --> </th><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <th class="comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="dynamic-properties-header_1-0-1"> <div class="comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block" id="comparison-table__heading-wrapper_1-0-1"> <span class="comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block" id="comparison-table__heading-label_1-0-1"> Average Origination Fee</span><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block --> </th><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <th class="comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="dynamic-properties-header_1-0-2"> <div class="comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block" id="comparison-table__heading-wrapper_1-0-2"> <span class="comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block" id="comparison-table__heading-label_1-0-2"> Late Fee</span><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block --> </th><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <th class="comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="dynamic-properties-header_1-0-3"> <div class="comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block" id="comparison-table__heading-wrapper_1-0-3"> <span class="comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block" id="comparison-table__heading-label_1-0-3"> Time to Receive Loan</span><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block --> </th><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <th class="comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="dynamic-properties-header_1-0-4"> <div class="comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block" id="comparison-table__heading-wrapper_1-0-4"> <span class="comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block" id="comparison-table__heading-label_1-0-4"> Loan Amount</span><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block --> </th><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <th class="comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="dynamic-properties-header_1-0-5"> <div class="comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block" id="comparison-table__heading-wrapper_1-0-5"> <span class="comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block" id="comparison-table__heading-label_1-0-5"> Latest Repayment</span><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-label mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp comparison-table__heading-wrapper mntl-block --> </th><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-header litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <th class="comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__head-text_2-0"></th><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__head-text mntl-text-block --> <th class="comp mntl-block" id="mntl-block_2-0"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__reset-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="remove" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Reset All" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" id="prm-comparison-table__reset-btn_1-0"> Reset All</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__reset-btn mntl-text-block --> </th><!-- end: comp mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__header-row mntl-block --> </thead> <tbody class="loc tableBody"> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--0 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0"> SoFi</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0"> Best Overall</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0"> 8.99% - 29.49%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-1"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-2"> $0.00</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-3"> 0 days</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-4"> $5,000 - $100,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-5"> 84 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&amp;tag.pref_partner=sofi&amp;tag.lender=sofi" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | SoFi" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--0" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--0 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--1 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-1"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-1"> Discover</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-1"> Best for Debt Consolidation</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-6"> 7.99% - 24.99%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-7"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-8"> $39.00</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-9"> 1 day</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-10"> $2,500 - $40,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-11"> 84 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-1"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&amp;tag.lender=discover-bridge" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-1" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-1"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | Discover" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--1" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-1"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--1 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--2 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-2"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-2"> Upgrade</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-2"> Best for Emergency/Quick Funding</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-12"> 8.49% - 35.99%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-13"> 1.85%–9.99%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-14"> $10.00</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-15"> 1 day</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-16"> $1,000 - $50,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-17"> 84 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-2"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&amp;tag.pref_partner=upgrade&amp;tag.lender=upgrade" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-2" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-2"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | Upgrade" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--2" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-2"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--2 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--3 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-3"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-3"> Upstart</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-3"> Best for Bad Credit</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-18"> 7.80% - 35.99%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-19"> 0.00%–12.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-20"> 5% of the late payment amount or $15, whichever is greater</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-21"> 1 days </td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-22"> $1,000 - $50,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-23"> 60 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-3"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&amp;tag.pref_partner=upstart&amp;tag.lender=upstart" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-3" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-3"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | Upstart" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--3" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-3"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--3 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--4 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-4"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-4"> PenFed Credit Union</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-4"> Best for Excellent Credit</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-24"> 7.99% - 17.99%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-25"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-26"> $29.00</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-27"> 1 day</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-28"> $600 - $50,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-29"> 60 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-4"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&amp;tag.pref_partner=penfed&amp;tag.lender=penfed" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-4" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-4"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | PenFed Credit Union" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--4" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-4"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--4 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--5 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-5"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-5"> OppLoans</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-5"> Best With No Credit Check</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-30"> 160.00% - 179.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-31"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-32"> $0</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-33"> 0 days</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-34"> $500 - $4,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-35"> 18 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-5"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&amp;tag.pref_partner=opploans" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-5" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-5"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | OppLoans" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--5" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-5"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--5 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--6 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-6"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-6"> U.S. Bank</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-6"> Best Big Bank</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-36"> 8.74% - 24.99%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-37"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-38"> $25.00</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-39"> 0 days</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-40"> $1,000 - $50,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-41"> 84 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-6"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&amp;tag.lender=usbank-bridge" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-6" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-6"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | U.S. Bank" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--6" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-6"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--6 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--7 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-7"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-7"> Lake Michigan Credit Union</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-7"> Best for Small Loan Amounts</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-42"> 9.99% - 18.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-43"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-44"> 4% of the balance that is due</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-45"> 0 days</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-46"> $250 - $25,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-47"> 60 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-7"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-7" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-7"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | Lake Michigan Credit Union" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--7" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-7"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--7 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--8 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-8"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-8"> Navy Federal Credit Union</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-8"> Best for Military Members</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-48"> 8.99% - 18.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-49"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-50"> $29.00</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-51"> 0 days</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-52"> $250 - $50,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-53"> 180 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-8"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&amp;tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-8" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-8"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | Navy Federal Credit Union" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--8" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-8"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--8 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> <tr class="comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--9 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__product-row_1-0-9"> <td class="comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="prm-comparison-table__header_1-0-9"> Patelco Credit Union</td><!-- end: comp prm-comparison-table__header litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-text_1-0-9"> Best Credit Union</td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-54"> 9.30% - 17.90%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-55"> 0.00%</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-56"> 3% of loan payment or $5, whichever is higher</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-57"> 0 days</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-58"> $300 - $100,000</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block" id="dynamic-properties-value_1-0-59"> 84 months</td><!-- end: comp dynamic-properties-value litho-comparison-table__cell-text mntl-text-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_1-0-9"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="tag.docid=${DOC_ID}&amp;tag.reqid=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="On Fiona" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Comparison Table - Button" href="https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce__button_1-0-9" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Check Rates</span></a><!-- end: mntl-sc-block-commerce__button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button commerce-button --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> <td class="comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block" id="litho-comparison-table__cell-block_2-0-9"> <div class="comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block" data-action="add" data-class="litho-comparison-table__product-row--hidden" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Hide Record | Patelco Credit Union" data-click-tracked="true" data-target=".litho-comparison-table__product-row--9" id="prm-comparison-table__hide-btn_1-0-9"> Hide, not for me</div><!-- end: comp js-table-action prm-comparison-table__hide-btn mntl-text-block --> </td><!-- end: comp litho-comparison-table__cell-block mntl-block --> </tr><!-- end: comp js-table-hide-col litho-comparison-table__product-row--9 litho-comparison-table__product-row mntl-block --> </tbody> </table> <span class="litho-comparison-table__footnote">*APR ranges for some companies include a discount for automatic payments or existing bank customers.</span> </div><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll structured-content comparison-table prm-comparison-table--finance prm-comparison-table litho-comparison-table --> <div class="comp structured-content article-outro__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="article-outro__content_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-1"> If you're looking for a lender with great customer service and competitive rates SoFi is a good pick. It offers the best all-around blend of good things to look for in a personal loan, like reasonable rates, quick funding, and membership benefits. Navy Federal Credit Union is our go-to recommendation for military members due to its especially customer-friendly policies and outstanding reputation. Discover, PenFed Credit Union, and Lake Michigan Credit Union round out the top options for the borrower-friendly loans available today. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-personal-loan-and-how-does-it-work"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-2"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-3"> An unsecured personal loan is a general-purpose installment loan. Unlike auto loans or mortgages, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-5076027">personal loan</a> can be used for just about anything. A personal loan is paid out in one lump sum after your application is approved, typically via a bank deposit or a check mailed to your address. Once your personal loan funds are disbursed, you’ll make the same fixed monthly payment for the life of the loan, usually a few years in length.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0-1"> <p>Use our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-calculator-5082130">personal loan calculator</a> to zero in on a loan amount and term that fits your credit, your financial history, and your budget. You can see how long it'll take you to pay down your loan—and your loan's total cost—with different amounts, rates, and credit levels.</p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-5"> Most personal loans are unsecured, which means they’re not backed by collateral. If you have assets such as a car or cash savings, some lenders allow you to pledge them toward a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/secured-loans-5076025">secured personal loan</a> in order to get lower rates or a better chance at approval. If you default, your lender can claim ownership of your collateral to repay your debt.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-6"> Personal loans may be solo, or you can have a co-signer or a co-borrower on your loan. A co-borrower is often someone such as a spouse or partner who agrees to share responsibility with you for paying off the loan from the start. A co-signer, on the other hand, only agrees to repay the loan if you default, giving the lender more peace of mind—which can sway them into approving your application.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-who-has-the-lowest-personal-loan-interest-rates"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-7"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-8"> Among the the 70 lenders we evaluated to create this list, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/american-express-personal-loans-review-5069612">American Express offers the lowest advertised rate</a>, currently 5.91%. But not everyone is eligible for that rate. For one thing, American Express only lends to existing customers that it invites to apply. For another, the lowest advertised rates are only offered to borrowers with the strongest credit profiles (high credit scores, low debt-to-income ratios), and generally for loans with shorter terms. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-9"> This means that lenders will offer most borrowers a rate other than the lowest advertised one. And for some borrowers, that might be a rate closer to the advertised <em>maximum</em>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-10"> The average rate in the chart below is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-the-average-personal-loan-interest-rate-8558877">the average rate <em>offered</em> by 19 of our lender partners</a> to borrowers who submit applications through their systems. It includes loan offers made to people with the strongest credit profiles and to those with the weakest. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-11"> <iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/qShKV/2/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Average Personal Loan Rates"></iframe><!-- end: comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-12"> The rate you might be offered may be better or worse than the average (hopefully it's better), but ultimately that will depend on the strength of your credit profile.<br/> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-where-to-get-a-personal-loan"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-13"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Where to Get a Personal Loan </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-14"> You'll <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/where-to-get-a-personal-loan-other-than-a-bank-7643189">find personal loans</a> in most places where you already do your banking. Different types of lenders may offer personal loans with contrasting features or benefits. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-15"> <li><strong>Banks</strong>: Personal loans aren’t the main attraction at most banks, although most do offer them. Banks tend to charge a higher interest rate on a personal loan and usually have stricter credit score requirements. </li> <li><strong>Credit unions</strong>: You’ll need to meet <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-join-a-credit-union-7495339">membership requirements to join</a>, but once in, credit unions are generally more flexible than banks in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-union-personal-loans-8385380">offering affordable personal loans</a> to members.</li> <li><strong>Online lenders</strong>: You can find many more online lenders than local credit unions and banks, expanding your options significantly. Online lenders generally have the easiest-to-meet personal loan requirements of all.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-16"> Note that some banks offer lower rates than many credit unions do, for example, and some online lenders may be pickier about your credit score than other lenders.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-reasons-to-apply-for-a-personal-loan"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-17"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Reasons to Apply For a Personal Loan </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-18"> One of the reasons why personal loans are so popular is because they can be used for just about anything. People commonly use personal loans to pay for: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-19"> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-get-an-emergency-loan-8350807">Surprise emergency expenses</a></li> <li>Veterinary or medical bills</li> <li>Consolidating higher-interest debt</li> <li>Taking a vacation or getting married</li> <li>Home improvement projects and repairs</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-20"> Most lenders <em>don’t</em> allow personal loans to be used for college tuition, business expenses, gambling, house down payments, or illegal activities.   </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-21"> Debt consolidation is the most popular reason for getting a personal loan, according to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574">Investopedia's 2023 Personal Loan Borrower Survey</a>. Home improvements and large purchases were the next two most common reasons cited for seeking a loan. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-for-debt-consolidation-4779764">best debt consolidation loans</a> are ones with low interest rates and flexible repayment terms. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-22"> <iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/T6dEU/6/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0-1" title="Debt Consolidation the Most Common Use for a Personal Loan"></iframe><!-- end: comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-and-cons-of-personal-loans"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-23"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros and Cons of Personal Loans </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-24"> As with any financial tool, it’s important to weigh the benefits against the drawbacks if you’re looking to borrow money. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-25"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Quick funding times</p></li> <li><p>Predictable monthly payments</p></li> <li><p>Cheaper than using credit cards</p></li> <li><p>Use for a wide range of expenses</p></li> <li><p>Builds credit with on-time payments</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Unsecured loans are more expensive than secured loans</p></li> <li><p>Harms credit if you miss payments or default</p></li> <li><p>May lose collateral if you default on secured loan</p></li> <li><p>Requires good to excellent credit for the best rates</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-tips-for-picking-the-best-personal-loan-for-you"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-26"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Tips for Picking the Best Personal Loan for You </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-27"> When you're shopping for a loan, here are some of the factors you should evaluate: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-28"> <li><strong>Interest rates</strong>: This is the biggest expense associated with a loan, so it should be at the top of your comparison list. Look for a lender’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes fees (like origination fees) and your personal loan's interest, so you’re comparing apples to apples.</li><li><strong>Origination fees</strong>: Some lenders charge an origination fee to open the loan. Usually, this cost is subtracted from the total amount borrowed, so be sure you account for that in your planning.</li><li><strong>Loan amounts and term lengths</strong>: Some lenders may not offer loans in the amounts and repayment times you want or need.</li><li><strong>Prepayment penalties</strong>: These are fees the lender charges if you pay off the debt before the end of the term. These are rare with personal loans (none of the 70 lenders in our database charge them), but it’s worth looking out for.</li><li><strong>Minimum credit score and income requirements</strong>: Not all lenders share their qualification requirements upfront, but many do. If your credit is lower or your income is, you may have a difficult time securing a loan you can afford.</li><li><strong>Option to use a co-signer or co-borrower</strong>: Many lenders allow you to apply with a co-signer or co-borrower, which can help you qualify.</li><li><strong>Option to use collateral</strong>: Personal loans are generally unsecured, which means they don’t require collateral. Some lenders do offer secured personal loans (with cars, CD or savings accounts, or even your home’s fixtures as collateral). This can make it easier to qualify and often results in lower APRs.</li><li><strong>Direct payment to old creditors</strong>: For debt consolidation loans, many lenders will pay your creditors directly. This is convenient for you and offers a bit of risk reduction for the bank.</li><li><strong>Loan use restrictions</strong>: Make sure the lender you are interested in borrowing from doesn’t have restrictions against how you intend to use the funds. Nearly all lenders prohibit using personal loans for gambling or investing, school expenses like tuition, or business funding. Some may have tighter restrictions. </li><li><strong>Customer reviews and ratings</strong>: Finally, read a few reviews of potential lenders on financial product and service educational sites, as well as customer experience sites like Trustpilot to get as broad a view as possible.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-qualify-for-a-personal-loan"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-29"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Qualify For a Personal Loan </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-30"> Personal loans are usually easy to qualify for, although it can be hard to get a loan with bad credit, and some borrowers face difficulties in getting approved. Each lender has specific requirements you’ll need to meet, but in general, your chances of qualifying with any given lender increase if you have <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/good-credit.asp">good to excellent credit</a>, a consistently high income, and low existing debt payments. A healthy debt-to-income ratio will improve your odds of approval and getting a better rate. It may be easier to qualify for smaller loan amounts with shorter term lengths as well.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-31"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Average APR by Credit Score<br/> </span> </h3><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-32"> <iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lgshq/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0-2" title="Offered APRs by Credit Score"></iframe><!-- end: comp lazyload mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block --> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-33"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Before You Apply for a Personal Loan </span> </h3><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-34"> Before you apply for a personal loan, take a hard look at your finances. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-35"> <li><strong>Review your credit</strong>: Higher credit scores get the best rates and most options to choose from. Knowing your credit score from the start will help you understand your options, and why you receive the offers you do.</li> <li><strong>Review your budget</strong>: Can you make changes to your budget that save you money and perhaps allow you to skip the loan altogether? Regardless, you'll need to know how much room you have in your budget to cover a monthly loan payment.</li> <li><strong>Consider alternatives</strong>: Below you'll find a long list of alternatives to a personal loan, from credit card balance transfers to borrowing from friends. Is a personal loan your best option?</li> <li><strong>Gather financial details</strong>: Some of this will have come up during your budget review, but collect the key details of your financial life: monthly income, monthly expenses (particularly debt expense). Also calculate your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dti.asp">debt to income ratio (DTI)</a>, which is your gross, before tax income divided by your monthly debt payments (like home loans, car loans, and credit card payments). Lenders will use your DTI as they consider your loan application. Lower DTIs are better than higher ones. If your DTI is already high and debt payments already crimping your budget, think carefully before adding more debt (and more monthly debt payments).</li> <li><strong>Gather important documents</strong>: You'll need a government-issued ID and Social Security number, and very likely recent paystubs and bank statements to prove your income. Gather them before you start for a smoother application process.<br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-apply-for-a-personal-loan-step-by-step"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-36"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Apply for a Personal Loan, Step-by-Step </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-37"> Most lenders allow you to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-get-a-personal-loan-7642254">apply for a personal loan</a> online, although you may be able to apply in person or over the phone, especially if you're dealing with a bank or credit union.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-38"> <li><strong>Get pre-qualified</strong>: The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-fill-out-personal-loan-application-7643049">personal loan application</a> process usually starts by getting pre-qualified. You’ll provide a few basic details about yourself, such as your name, contact information, income, and Social Security number, to your potential lender. Most lenders offer pre-qualification, but not all. Pre-qualification doesn't usually involve a hard credit check, so you won't have to worry about too many credit inquiries hurting your credit score.</li> <li><strong>Review options</strong>: The lender will do a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soft-inquiry.asp">soft credit check</a>, which won’t affect your credit score. If the lender deems you likely to be approved, they’ll respond with a personal loan offer outlining your options, interest rates, and loan costs. You can use this to compare rates and terms and other features among several lenders.</li> <li><strong>Complete an application</strong>: Once you find the best personal loan option, you’ll complete a full loan application with that lender. You’ll typically need to provide copies of documents proving your identity (government-issued identity photo I.D.), income (recent pay stubs, tax returns, or W-2s), and finances (recent bank statements). At this stage the lender will perform a hard credit check. </li> <li><strong>Receive funds</strong>: If you’re approved, your lender will disburse your loan funds to your bank account or by check, depending on its policies. </li> </ol><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-alternatives-to-personal-loans"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-39"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Alternatives to Personal Loans </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-40"> Personal loans are not your only option if you need a flexible way to borrow money. Depending on your circumstances, here are a few other good options to consider: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-41"> <li><strong>401(k) loan</strong>: Not an option to consider lightly, but in some circumstances, taking a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/08/borrow-from-401k-loan.asp">loan from your 401(k)</a> retirement account can be a cost-effective way to borrow. </li> <li><strong>Crowdfunding</strong>: If you need to borrow money for a compelling and share-worthy reason, you may be able to raise the funds on a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowdfunding.asp">crowdfunding platform</a> with no debt needed. </li> <li><strong>Grants or charity</strong>: Many government and nonprofit programs offer assistance for things you’d use a personal loan for, like catching up on home repairs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="66"></span> If you need help finding options, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://211.org">211.org</a> offers free personal assistance. </li> <li><strong>0% APR credit card</strong>: If you can qualify for a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-cards-4801582">0% APR credit card</a>, you may be able to make a big purchase or transfer existing credit card debt with a long runway to pay it off. </li> <li><strong>Personal line of credit</strong>: Some banks and credit unions offer personal <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/072913/basics-lines-credit.asp">lines of credit</a> that you can draw against as needed, a particularly good option if you need frequent small loans.</li> <li><strong>Loans from family or friends</strong>: Ask around your social support network if someone would be willing to lend you money in exchange for writing a promissory note or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/draft-personal-loan-agreement-7642883">loan agreement</a> with interest. </li> <li><strong>Home equity loan or HELOCs</strong>: Homeowners with at least 20% equity in their home may be able to use a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/home_equity.asp">home equity loan</a> or line of credit to borrow money, a particularly good option for home improvements and repairs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="67"></span> </li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-warning mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-42"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0-2"> <p>Watch out for deferred-interest store credit cards or financing offers, which are marketed similarly to true 0% APR credit cards at many retailers. The fine print reveals that you’ll need to pay off the card or amount financed in full by the end of the interest-free period; otherwise, all of those interest charges will be added back to your account.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="68"></span> </p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-warning mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-faq--finance prm-sc-block-faq mntl-sc-block-faq mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick - FAQ Header" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | FAQ" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-43"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs-feb263a5-dfb5-4caf-a71e-529ded64904f"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__title mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__title_1-0"> Frequently Asked Questions</h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-faq__title mntl-text-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__content mntl-accordion" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-0"> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-0" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Is the Best Bank for a Personal Loan?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-0"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>U.S. Bank offers the best personal loans among <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111815/6-biggest-banks-offering-personal-loans.asp">big banks</a>, according to our research. It features affordable rates with no origination fees and is available to roughly half of U.S. states. If you’re willing to work with an online lender, SoFi is our best all-around choice, featuring similar rates to U.S. Bank but offering an additional benefits package with free access to financial advisors and career counseling, among other benefits.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-1" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Personal Loan Is the Easiest to Get Approved For?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-1"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>If you don’t have good credit or a strong income on your own, it may be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/easiest-personal-loans-approved-7644059">easier to get approved</a> if you have a creditworthy co-signer or co-borrower. Some lenders also allow you to use collateral for a better shot at qualifying for a loan or receiving lower rates.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-2" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Credit Score Is Needed for a Personal Loan?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-2"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>The average personal loan borrower had a credit score of 685 during the final quarter of 2022.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="65"></span> This can vary quite a bit, though; some lenders, such as Upstart, have no minimum credit score requirement. Others, require a credit score over 700. Banks and credit unions tend to have higher <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-score-need-personal-loan-7507149">credit score requirements</a>, while fintech lenders generally accept lower credit scores.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-3" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">How Much Money Can You Borrow With a Personal Loan?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-3"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>Some lenders, such as SoFi, offer personal loans up to $100,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="76"></span> However, that doesn’t mean you’ll necessarily qualify for that much. Each lender assesses your financial situation—including your monthly income and debt payments—when deciding the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-the-max-amount-for-personal-loans-7643651">maximum loan amount</a> you can borrow after you submit a loan application.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-4" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">Are Personal Loans Taxable?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-4"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>A personal loan from a bank or other lender is not considered income by the IRS, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120315/are-personal-loans-considered-income.asp">is not taxable</a>. However, if you were run into financial trouble and worked out an agreement with your lender to forgive the loan, the amount forgiven would be considered income, and would be taxable.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="92"></span> In some cases the lender might send you a form (1099-C, Cancellation of Debt), which will note the amount you must report on your tax return. Regardless if your lender sends you the form, you must report the forgiven debt as income on your return.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-5" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">How Much Would a $5,000 Personal Loan Cost a Month?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-5"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>The monthly cost of a personal loan, of whatever amount, will depend on the loan amount, the loan term (or the number of monthly payments), and the interest rate. The easiest way to calculate a monthly payment is to use a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-calculator-5082130">personal loan calculator</a>. A $5,000 loan, paid over 24 months (or two years), with an interest rate of 12.49% (the current average rate charged on two-year personal loans, according to the Federal Reserve) would result in a monthly payment of $236.51.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="89"></span></p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-6" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Is the Best Personal Loan Out There?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-6"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>According to Investopedia's research, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398">SoFi offers the best personal loans</a> when you consider rates, fees, amounts and term, and additional factors like customer experience. Some lenders offer loans for lower interest rates or accept borrowers with weaker credit profiles or offer longer terms. But overall, we rate SoFi the highest.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-7" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Company Is Best for a Personal Loan?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-7"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>According to our research, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398">SoFi is the best overall personal loan lender</a> based on it's combination of competitive rates, large loan amounts, and wide range of repayment terms. Where it really shines is with customer service and experience, offering a bevy helpful services to its customers, from a well-regarded mobile app to financial hardship assistance.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-8" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">Companies We Reviewed</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-8"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>We researched and reviewed 70 lenders to find the 10 lenders you see above on this list. While we write individual reviews for most companies, we do not always write reviews for companies we would not recommend. Below are the companies we researched along with links to individual company reviews to help you learn more before making a decision:</p><p><br><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/freedom-plus-personal-loans-review-4800935">Achieve</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/affinity-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8410017">Affinity Federal Credit Union</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/alliant-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8401682">Alliant Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/american-express-personal-loans-review-5069612"> American Express</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/avant-personal-loans-review-4802261"> Avant</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/axos-bank-personal-loans-review-8408454">Axos Bank</a>, Bankers Healthcare Group,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-egg-personal-loans-review-4802359"> Best Egg</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="8" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/bethpage-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8365116"> Bethpage Federal Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="9" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/blue-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8374431"> Blue Federal Credit Union</a>, Boatloan.com,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="10" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/becu-personal-loans-review-5211750"> Boeing Employees' Credit Union</a>, CapexMD,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="11" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/citibank-personal-loans-review-4799909"> Citibank</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="12" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/connexus-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8407390">Connexus Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="13" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/discover-personal-loans-review-4799530"> Discover</a>, Dividend Finance,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="14" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ent-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8373870"> ENT Credit Union</a>, Fig Loans,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="15" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/first-tech-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-5070073"> First Tech Federal Credit Union</a>, Future Family, GoodLeap, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="16" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/greenstate-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8408463">Greenstate Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="17" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/payoff-personal-loans-review-4842918"> Happy Money</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="18" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/hiway-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8411068">Hiway Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="19" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lake-michigan-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384413"> Lake Michigan Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="20" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/laurel-road-personal-loans-review-4799934"> Laurel Road</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="21" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lendingclub-personal-loans-review-4800191"> LendingClub</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="22" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lendingpoint-personal-loans-review-4842605"> LendingPoint</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="23" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lendingusa-personal-loans-review-8404359">LendingUSA</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="24" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/liberty-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8408457">Liberty Federal Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="25" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lightstream-personal-loans-review-4800841"> LightStream</a>, Lyon Financial, Mariner, Money Key,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="26" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mountain-america-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8391160"> Mountain America Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="27" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/nasa-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384484"> NASA Federal Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="28" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/navy-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-4844366"> Navy Federal Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="29" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/netcredit-personal-loans-review-6890038"> Netcredit</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="30" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/first-midwest-bank-personal-loans-review-5070056"> Old National Bank</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="31" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/onemain-financial-personal-loans-review-4843162"> OneMain Financial</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="32" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/opploans-personal-loans-review-5069762"> OppLoans</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="33" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/patelco-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8364504"> Patelco Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="34" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/penfed-personal-loans-review-4800862"> PenFed</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="35" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personify-financial-personal-loans-review-8363570"> Personify Financial</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="36" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/pnc-personal-loan-review-4846471"> PNC Bank</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="37" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/prosper-personal-loans-review-4843741"> Prosper</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="38" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/reach-financial-personal-loans-review-8383953"> Reach Financial</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="39" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/regions-personal-loans-review-5072600"> Regions</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="40" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/reprise-financial-personal-loans-review-8408473">Reprise</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="41" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/rocket-loans-personal-loans-review-5069748"> Rocket Loans</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="42" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/santander-bank-personal-loans-review-5211820"> Santander</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="43" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/service-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8410020">Service Federal Credit Union</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="44" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398"> SoFi</a>, Southeast Financial, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="45" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/summit-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8414132">Summit Credit Union</a>, SunPower,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="46" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/td-bank-personal-loans-review-4801451"> TD Bank</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="47" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/teachers-federal-credit-union-personal-loan-review-8399783"> Teachers Federal Credit Union</a>, Trident Funding,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="48" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/truist-personal-loans-review-5210721"> Truist</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="49" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/us-bank-personal-loans-review-4843013"> U.S. Bank</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="50" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/universal-credit-personal-loans-review-8410022">Universal Credit</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="51" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/upgrade-personal-loans-review-4842832"> Upgrade</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="52" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/upstart-personal-loans-review-4843810"> Upstart</a>,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="53" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/usaa-personal-loans-review-4845449"> USAA</a>, Vantage Recreational Finance,<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="54" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/wells-fargo-personal-loans-review-4842091"> Wells Fargo</a>.</br></p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-faq__content mntl-accordion --> <!--end accordion --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-faq--finance prm-sc-block-faq mntl-sc-block-faq mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-picked-the-best-personal-loans"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-44"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Picked the Best Personal Loans </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-45"> To evaluate and rank personal loan providers we collected hundreds of data points across 70 lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions, fintechs, and special interest finance companies. We researched and evaluated APRs, loan amounts and terms, fees, customer experience, and much more. To rank the lenders in our database and to generate star ratings, we weighted the data we collected, based in part on what consumers told us were the most important features of a personal loan and lender in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574">survey we conducted</a>. We grouped those factors into four broad areas: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-46"> <li>Loan costs (advertised APR, fees, and six other factors): 29.25%</li><li>Loan terms (loan amount, repayment term, and three other factors): 22.25%</li><li>Borrowing requirements (credit score, membership requirement, and six other factors): 28.5%</li><li>Additional features (online application, pre-qualification, and eight other factors): 20%</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-47"> Learn more about how we evaluated personal loans in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280">our complete methodology</a>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-guide-to-personal-loans"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-48"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Guide to Personal Loans<br/> </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-49"> Learn more about personal loans: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-50"> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-5076027">What is a personal loan?</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-personal-loans-work-7484814">How do personal loans work?</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111715/when-are-personal-loans-good-idea.asp">When are personal loans a good idea?</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-get-a-personal-loan-7642254">How to get a personal loan</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/010516/how-apply-personal-loan.asp">How to apply for a personal loan</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-use-personal-loan-7562541">How to use a personal loan</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/where-to-get-a-personal-loan-other-than-a-bank-7643189">Where to get a personal loan</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="8" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/041415/pros-cons-personal-loans-vs-credit-cards.asp">Personal loans vs credit cards</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="9" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/7-alternatives-personal-loan-7567417">Alternatives to personal loans</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="10" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-calculator-5082130">Personal loan calculator</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="11" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280">Personal loans methodology</a> <br/></li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp structured-content article-outro__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div> <figure class="comp figure-landscape primary-image--roundup primary-image mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="primary-image--roundup_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Custom Investopedia illustration that says Best Personal Loans and shows a woman looking through a telescope, with a hammer, stethoscope, coins, and a key floating in the air" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="2000" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CdpWvca1phxpomNqoP1SnxKGUFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/NewPLroundupimage-b6fdbb3f7f0e443fa080d5c3e47b7c22.png" 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These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-59"><p>J.D. Power. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-consumer-lending-satisfaction-study">Fintech Lenders Gain Traction as Consumer Loan Satisfaction Increases, J.D. Power Finds</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-76"><p>SoFi. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.sofi.com/personal-loans/" rel="nofollow sponsored">Personal Loans</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-77"><p>Discover. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.discover.com/personal-loans/faqs/#section-7-question-4" rel="nofollow sponsored">Explore Frequently Asked Questions</a>," Click "What if My Payment Arrives Late?"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-78"><p>Discover. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.discover.com/personal-loans/faqs/#section-4-question-1" rel="nofollow sponsored">Explore Frequently Asked Questions</a>," Click "What Minimum Requirements Do I Need to Meet to Be Eligible for a Discover Personal Loan?"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-79"><p>Upgrade. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.upgrade.com/personal-loans/" rel="nofollow sponsored">Personal Loans</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-80"><p>Upstart. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.upstart.com/personal-loans" rel="nofollow sponsored">A Personal Loan for Your Personal Needs</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-70"><p>Upstart. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://upstart2.helpjuice.com/47003-borrower-eligibility/eligible-upstart-loan">Am I Eligible for a Loan?</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-69"><p>Upstart. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://upstart2.helpjuice.com/47003-borrower-eligibility/minimum-credit-requirements">What Are the Minimum Credit Requirements To Receive a Loan?</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-71"><p>Pentagon Federal Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.penfed.org/about-penfed" rel="nofollow sponsored">About Pentagon Federal Credit Union</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-62"><p>Trustpilot. “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.trustpilot.com/review/opploans.com">OppLoans</a>.”</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-72"><p>OppLoans. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.opploans.com/personal-loans/" rel="nofollow sponsored">Online Personal Loans</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-73"><p>OppLoans. 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"<a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.navyfederal.org/membership/offers-discounts.html#SL01" rel="nofollow sponsored">Member Offers &amp; Discounts</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-86"><p>Navy Federal Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.navyfederal.org/membership/eligibility.html?intcmp=nav|mbrspmenu|||eligibility|10/19/2017|||">Membership Eligibility</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-88"><p>Patelco Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.patelco.org/about-patelco/become-a-member" rel="nofollow sponsored">Patelco Membership</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-87"><p>Patelco Credit Union. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.patelco.org/credit-cards-and-loans/account-services/levelup" rel="nofollow sponsored">LevelUp</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-66"><p>Office of Rural Development. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/single-family-housing-programs/single-family-housing-repair-loans-grants">Single Family Housing Repair Loans &amp; Grants</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-67"><p>Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_jith-using-home-equity-guide.pdf">Using Home Equity to Meet Financial Needs</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-68"><p>Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "<a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/how-understand-special-promotional-financing-offers-credit-cards/">How To Understand Special Promotional Financing Offers on Credit Cards</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-65"><p>Federal Reserve Board. "<a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2023057pap.pdf">An Overview of Personal Loans in the U.S</a>," Page 7.</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-92"><p>Internal Revenue Service. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc431">Topic no. 431, Canceled debt – Is It Taxable or Not?</a>"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-89"><p>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "<a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/current/">Consumer Credit - G.19</a>."</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="7509378" data-ordinal="1" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-installment-loans-7509378" 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[SoFi](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&tag.pref_partner=sofi&tag.lender=sofi) is our choice for the best overall personal loan lender due to its low cost, high customer satisfaction ratings, and excellent benefits package. Our decision is based on hundreds of hours of research, including a survey of, and interviews with, recent personal loan borrowers. A personal loan is an unsecured installment loan. If you qualify, you'll receive a lump sum of cash, which you can use for just about any purpose, from home improvements to medical expenses. You'll repay it over time (usually several years), with fixed monthly payments. It's a versatile financial tool, and often cheaper than alternatives like credit cards or short-term, emergency loans. The lenders in our list offer loans as small as $300 and as large as $100,000, so you'll find a lender that fits your needs, whether that's to pay for an emergency car repair or to consolidate more expensive debt. Our list does not include some of the familiar, big name banks you may know. That's because many of those banks don't offer unsecured personal loans, or if they do, don't offer the best rates, terms, benefits, or customer experience. ## 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024: Rates Starting at 7.80% #### Show Full List View #### Hide Full List View * **Best Overall:** [SoFi](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&tag.pref_partner=sofi&tag.lender=sofi) * **Best for Debt Consolidation:** [Discover](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&tag.lender=discover-bridge) * **Best for Emergency/Quick Funding:** [Upgrade](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&tag.pref_partner=upgrade&tag.lender=upgrade) * **Best for Bad Credit:** [Upstart](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&tag.pref_partner=upstart&tag.lender=upstart) * **Best for Excellent Credit:** [PenFed Credit Union](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&tag.pref_partner=penfed&tag.lender=penfed) * **Best With No Credit Check:** [OppLoans](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&tag.pref_partner=opploans) * **Best Big Bank:** [U.S. Bank](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&tag.lender=usbank-bridge) * **Best for Small Loan Amounts:** [Lake Michigan Credit Union](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu) * **Best for Military Members:** [Navy Federal Credit Union](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg) * **Best Credit Union:** [Patelco Credit Union](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu) If youre not seeing anything in the results that are a good fit for your needs, consider warranties from these companies: * [Best Home Warranties](https://www.investopedia.com/best-home-warranties-4777763) * [Best Emergency Loans for Bad Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/emergency-loans-for-bad-credit-5075539) * [Best Personal Loans for Bad Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-for-bad-credit-4774349) | Company | | APR | Credit Score est. | Loan Amount | More Details | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Best Overall | SoFi SoFi | APR With Autopay Discount **8.99% - 29.49%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **Not Disclosed** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$5,000 - $100,000** | [See Details](#toc-sofi) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&tag.pref_partner=sofi&tag.lender=sofi) | | Best for Debt Consolidation | Discover Discover | APR Range **7.99% - 24.99%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **660** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$2,500 - $40,000** | [See Details](#toc-discover) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&tag.lender=discover-bridge) | | Best for Emergency/Quick Funding | Upgrade Upgrade | APR With Autopay Discount **8.49% - 35.99%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **620** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$1,000 - $50,000** | [See Details](#toc-upgrade) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&tag.pref_partner=upgrade&tag.lender=upgrade) | | Best for Bad Credit | Upstart Upstart | APR Range **7.80% - 35.99%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **300** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$1,000 - $50,000** | [See Details](#toc-upstart) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&tag.pref_partner=upstart&tag.lender=upstart) | | Best for Excellent Credit | PenFed Credit Union PenFed Credit Union | APR Range **7.99% - 17.99%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **700** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$600 - $50,000** | [See Details](#toc-penfed-credit-union) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&tag.pref_partner=penfed&tag.lender=penfed) | | Best With No Credit Check | OppLoans OppLoans | APR Range **160.00% - 179.00%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **Not Disclosed** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$500 - $4,000** | [See Details](#toc-opploans) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&tag.pref_partner=opploans) | | Best Big Bank | U.S. Bank U.S. Bank | APR With Autopay Discount **8.74% - 24.99%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **660** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$1,000 - $50,000** | [See Details](#toc-us-bank) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&tag.lender=usbank-bridge) | | Best for Small Loan Amounts | Lake Michigan Credit Union Lake Michigan Credit Union | APR Range **9.99% - 18.00%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **620** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$250 - $25,000** | [See Details](#toc-lake-michigan-credit-union) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu) | | Best for Military Members | Navy Federal Credit Union Navy Federal Credit Union | APR Range **8.99% - 18.00%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **Not Disclosed** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$250 - $50,000** | [See Details](#toc-navy-federal-credit-union) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg) | | Best Credit Union | Patelco Credit Union Patelco Credit Union | APR Range **9.30% - 17.90%** | Recommended Minimum Credit Score **640** This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. | Loan Amount **$300 - $100,000** | [See Details](#toc-patelco-credit-union) [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu) | Why Trust Us 70 Lenders reviewed 31 Loan features considered 1,680 Data points analyzed 173 Primary data sources used Investopedia collected key data points from several lenders to identify the most important factors to borrowers. We used this data to review each lender for fees, accessibility, repayment terms, and other features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right borrowing decision for their needs. [Read our Full Methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280) 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024 Expand 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024 * [Our Top Picks](#summary-list) * [SoFi](#toc-sofi) * [Discover](#toc-discover) * [Upgrade](#toc-upgrade) * [Upstart](#toc-upstart) * [PenFed Credit Union](#toc-penfed-credit-union) * [OppLoans](#toc-opploans) * [U.S. Bank](#toc-us-bank) * [Lake Michigan Credit Union](#toc-lake-michigan-credit-union) * [Navy Federal Credit Union](#toc-navy-federal-credit-union) * [Patelco Credit Union](#toc-patelco-credit-union) * See More (7) * [Compare Providers](#comparison-table) * [The Bottom Line](#toc-the-bottom-line) * [What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work?](#toc-what-is-a-personal-loan-and-how-does-it-work) * [Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates?](#toc-who-has-the-lowest-personal-loan-interest-rates) * [How to Apply](#toc-how-to-apply-for-a-personal-loan-step-by-step) * [Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)](#toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs-feb263a5-dfb5-4caf-a71e-529ded64904f) * [Methodology](#toc-how-we-picked-the-best-personal-loans) * [Guide to Personal Loans](#toc-guide-to-personal-loans) ### Best Overall : SoFi Investopedia's Rating 4.8 --- ![SoFi]() ![SoFi](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DOO6NyvAoRAbX7lX8b7z7O9JqoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sofi-d3a06fcea0664f459ca369be9d67f0ba.png) * **APR Range:** 8.99% - 29.49% * **Loan Amount:** $5,000 - $100,000 * **Loan Terms:** 24 months - 84 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&tag.pref_partner=sofi&tag.lender=sofi) Why We Chose It While lower-rate personal loans do exist, SoFi is the most affordable lender offering a good blend of options plus some nice extras. SoFi is one of the few lenders to offer a comprehensive benefits package with all of its loans, including free financial planning from an advisor and career counseling and support.  Borrowers seem to approve of this approach, rating SoFi as the fourth-best in J.D. Power’s annual survey of customer satisfaction among personal loan lenders. The biggest downside of borrowing with SoFi is that with a minimum loan amount of $5,000, borrowers looking for a smaller loan are left out. And while you can apply with a co-borrower, SoFi doesn’t offer the option to apply with a co-signer or use collateral if you’re not able to be approved otherwise. SoFi was founded in 2011 and is based in San Francisco, California. It has funded more than $73 billion in loans of various types, including student loans and personal loans. Co-borrowers are jointly responsible from the beginning to repay the loan with you. [Co-signers](https://www.investopedia.com/getting-personal-loan-cosigner-7557665) only repay the loan if you default, making it an easier sell to get someone on board with your loan. Pros & Cons Pros * Zero fees charged * Same-day funding available * Access to SoFi membership benefits Cons * No secured loan options * Can’t apply with a co-signer, but co-borrowers are accepted * High minimum loan amounts Qualifications * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C. * Must be at least 18 years old in most U.S. states * Must have income or a job offer starting within 90 days * Must be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or non-permanent resident * Loans can’t be used for real estate, investments, businesses, or college financing. Read the Full [SoFi Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398) ### Best for Debt Consolidation : Discover Investopedia's Rating 4.5 --- ![Discover Personal Loans ]() ![Discover Personal Loans ](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Mxofdzmlb9qXnReYBuMZHK74_vc=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Discover_PersonalLoans_Primary_Logo_RGB-22e400594a1e4c1fbb0f412ec03c6444.jpg) * **APR Range:** 7.99% - 24.99% * **Loan Amount:** $2,500 - $40,000 * **Loan Terms:** 36 months - 84 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&tag.lender=discover-bridge) Why We Chose It As long as you’re not looking to consolidate any debt from a Discover card, a Discover personal loan is an excellent choice for debt consolidation. It offers a fast funding time with a next-business-day deposit into your bank account if everything goes smoothly, and its low rates with zero origination fees make it easier to pay back. It was ranked as the third-best personal loan option in 2023 by J.D. Power. The downside is that you can only apply as a solo applicant, although you are able to use your household income on your application, so a partner or other family member can still help you out in this area. You can’t apply with a co-signer or co-borrower or use collateral for a Discover loan, however, meaning you’ll need to qualify on your own credit merits. It’s always a good idea to pay on time to avoid damaging your credit, but in this case, it’s especially important given that Discover charges an especially high late payment fee of $39. Discover was founded in 1986 as a subsidiary of Sears, Roebuck & Company offering credit card services. It is headquartered in Riverwood, Illinois and has funded more than $10 billion in personal loans. Pros & Cons Pros * No origination fee * Excellent customer satisfaction ratings * Can send payment to creditors directly Cons * Only accepts individual applications * Can’t use collateral for a secured loan * Can’t consolidate debt from a Discover credit card Qualifications * Must be at least 18 years old * $25,000 minimum annual household income * Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C * Must have an email address, physical address, and a smartphone or computer * Loans can’t be used to consolidate debt from a mortgage, auto loan, or Discover credit card. Read the Full [Discover Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/discover-personal-loans-review-4799530) ### Best for Emergency/Quick Funding : Upgrade Investopedia's Rating 4.6 --- ![Upgrade Logo]() ![Upgrade Logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/qvGmc97xSl2Z7X5uGBUWn53yapY=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Upgrade-Logo-bc0ec4b2fc0b48daaefbde361ccabe98.jpeg) * **APR Range:** 8.49% - 35.99% * **Loan Amount:** $1,000 - $50,000 * **Loan Terms:** 24 months - 84 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&tag.pref_partner=upgrade&tag.lender=upgrade) Why We Chose It Upgrade accepts applicants with fair credit scores, and if you still don’t qualify or want lower rates, you can apply with three backup options: pledging a car for collateral, applying with a co-borrower, or applying with a co-signer. If you’re approved, you can receive your loan funds as soon as the next business day.   You do pay a price for that convenience, however: Each personal loan comes with an origination fee ranging from 1.85% to 9.99%, an expensive fee considering many lenders don’t charge anything at all. On the other hand, Upgrade does offer rate discounts if you sign up for autopay or a debt consolidation loan, and it offers a $200 sign-up bonus if you open and use a new Upgrade checking account when you take out your loan. Upgrade is headquartered in San Francisco, California. It has provided more than $24 billion in loans and credit in the past five years. Pros & Cons Pros * Multiple discount options * $200 checking account bonus offer * Allows collateral, co-borrowers, and co-signers Cons * Expensive origination fee * Poor customer satisfaction ratings * High interest rate for some applicants Qualifications * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C. * Must be at least 18 years old in most U.S. states * Must have an email address and a bank account * Must be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or non-permanent alien with a valid visa * Loans can’t be used for college expenses, illegal activities, investments, or gambling. Read the Full [Upgrade Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/upgrade-personal-loans-review-4842832) ### Best for Bad Credit : Upstart Investopedia's Rating 4.1 --- ![Upstart logo]() ![Upstart logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vHgD28kSI1ICOT0gnILI_zRcBEs=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/upstart-f229ab62838d4a88a95cde6a6f74bc49.png) * **APR Range:** 7.80% - 35.99% * **Loan Amount:** $1,000 - $50,000 * **Loan Terms:** 36 months - 60 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&tag.pref_partner=upstart&tag.lender=upstart) Why We Chose It For borrowers with credit scores in the "bad" or "poor" range—between 300 and 579—finding a loan is not easy. Loans those borrowers do find usually come with APRs in the high double- or triple-digits. Upstart has the lowest minimum credit score of any lender on our list; they will consider applicants who don't even have sufficient credit history to produce a score. For those who do have a score, different Upstart partners have different minimums, offering credit access to the full spectrum of credit profiles. You can borrow up to $50,000, and, if approved, your loan funds can be disbursed in as little as one day. Rates won't go higher than 35.99%. Even if you have no credit history at all, you can still be eligible for a loan if you are enrolled in or graduated from a degree program. Upstart has made available to borrowers more than $35 billion in loans of various types, including personal loans. It is headquartered in San Mateo, California and was founded in 2012. Pros & Cons Pros * Low minimum credit score * Fast funding * Good loan amount flexibility Cons * High origination fee * High APRs * Fewer loan term options than others Qualifications * Full range of credit scores are considered, including those with no score * You must be 18 years old. * An email, verifiable name, verifiable date of birth, and social security number * U.S. bank account with routing number * Minimum annual income of $12,000 * Have a job or one starting within six months * Meet partner lenders' credit requirements Read the Full [Upstart Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/upstart-personal-loans-review-4843810) ### Best for Excellent Credit : PenFed Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.5 --- ![PenFed Credit Union]() ![PenFed Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kOE4NaJpLEtqdBE-0D8l4PaeAQA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/penfed-2e2d3e6cceca42e695361d98ad185799.png) * **APR Range:** 7.99% - 17.99% * **Loan Amount:** $600 - $50,000 * **Loan Terms:** 12 months - 60 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&tag.pref_partner=penfed&tag.lender=penfed) Why We Chose It Pentagon Federal Credit Union—or PenFed for short—is one of the largest credit unions in the country, with nearly three million members. It’s also one of the easiest to join, with no special requirements to meet other than popping $5 into a savings account to get your membership started. You can apply for a loan without joining to see your options, but if you decide to accept PenFed’s loan offer, you’ll need to join the credit union to receive your loan funds. You’ll also need good credit in order to be approved. If you don’t have that on your own, you may be able to apply with a co-borrower or use collateral to secure your loan, although PenFed doesn’t provide any details on how this works. In addition to offering excellent rates on a wide range of loan amounts, PenFed also has a robust discount program offering savings on H&R Block tax preparation, college planning services, insurance, and more. PenFed is one of the nation’s largest credit unions. It was founded in 1935 and is headquartered in McLean, Virginia. Pros & Cons Pros * No origination fee * Excellent range of loan options * Easy membership requirements Cons * Doesn’t allow co-signers, but they do allow co-borrowers * Doesn't offer longer loan terms * Doesn’t offer direct payment to creditors Qualifications * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C. * Must join the credit union by depositing $5 in a savings account Read the Full [PenFed Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/penfed-personal-loans-review-4800862) ### Best With No Credit Check : OppLoans Investopedia's Rating 2.9 --- ![OppLoans logo]() ![OppLoans logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zw693bbSqNa06vuUrSfVJJ7l8d4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OppLoans-logo-4e3e2ecc63fb4c59895c235a6e2400c6.jpg) * **APR Range:** 160.00% - 179.00% * **Loan Amount:** $500 - $4,000 * **Loan Terms:** 9 months - 18 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&tag.pref_partner=opploans) Why We Chose It Borrowers with poor, or no, credit who cannot qualify for a personal loan from most other lenders may be able to qualify for a loan from OppLoans. Unlike most lenders, OppLoans doesn’t rely on a borrower’s credit score or credit history to make a lending decision. Borrowers also won’t pay origination fees and can access loan funds the same day. OppLoans provides a wealth of personal finance resources and tools on its website, and it has gotten strong reviews on third-party customer review sites like Trustpilot. But it’s important to note that this accessibility comes at a high cost. Interest rates on OppLoans’s loans are considerably higher than traditional personal loans—you’ll pay an APR of 160% for your loan. Additionally, repayment plans are significantly shorter, just nine to 18 months, and you can only borrow up to $4,000. OppLoans was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It has extended loans to more than a million borrowers since its founding. Pros & Cons Pros * No minimum credit score requirement * Strong customer service * Same-day funding available Cons * Very high interest rates * Short repayment terms * Not available in all U.S. states Qualifications * Be at least 18 years of age * Have a bank account * Have a verifiable source of income * Receive income through direct deposit * Available in 37 states; not available in: Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia. Read the Full [OppLoans Personal Loans Review for 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/opploans-personal-loans-review-5069762) ### Best Big Bank : U.S. Bank Investopedia's Rating 4.7 --- ![U.S. Bank logo]() ![U.S. Bank logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nxLUxZ1pmhlEnngANrqni6C83Xk=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-bank-1fe8f914032f48b5a193d278b83c747f.png) * **APR Range:** 8.74% - 24.99% * **Loan Amount:** $1,000 - $50,000 * **Loan Terms:** 12 months - 84 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&tag.lender=usbank-bridge) Why We Chose It Working with a large bank offers the added advantage of being able to walk into a branch and talk to someone about your loan. U.S. Bank is the fifth-largest bank in the country, with over 2,300 branches in about half of U.S. states. Current customers of U.S. Bank will benefit the most, with reduced credit requirements and increased maximum loan amounts.  If you’re not a current customer, however, you’ll be limited to a smaller loan of $25,000 or less. U.S. Bank also *used* to have a better reputation, ranking as high as the second-best option for personal loans in 2022 by J.D. Power. However, it was severely demoted down to below-average status in the 2023 iteration of the survey. U.S. Bank was founded in 1863 and is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pros & Cons Pros * No origination fee * In-branch service available * Autopay discount Cons * Poor customer satisfaction ratings * Only available in about half of U.S. states * Restrictions for non-current customers Qualifications * Only available in 27 U.S. states Read the Full [U.S. Bank Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/us-bank-personal-loans-review-4843013) ### Best for Small Loan Amounts : Lake Michigan Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.2 --- ![Lake Michigan Credit Union logo]() ![Lake Michigan Credit Union logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/romTYALmCvqd_9cGHhJOM5p9A_8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lake-Michigan-Credit-Union-logo-28dcd563803b491482176d2223775662.jpg) * **APR Range:** 9.99% - 18.00% * **Loan Amount:** $250 - $25,000 * **Loan Terms:** 24 months - 60 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu) Why We Chose It Lake Michigan Credit Union (LMCU) earns the nod for best small loan lender because it offers personal loans as small as $250—the smallest in our database with reasonable rates and terms. Many competitors have loan amounts starting between $500 and $2,000, and a few offer loans under $500, so you have some options, depending on the size of your need. LMCU also offers competitive APRs and doesn’t charge origination fees, helping to keep your borrowing costs down. Its minimum required credit score of 620 makes its loans accessible to borrowers with fair credit. Be aware that its max loan limit is low (if a larger loan is in your future), and its terms are not as flexible as other lenders we evaluated. It also doesn’t offer pre-qualification, which means you can’t see your rate and term without completing a formal application (with a slight downward nudge to your credit score). And because it’s a credit union, you’ll need to become a member before borrowing, although membership is easy to get. Today, LMCU has over $12 billion in assets, and it's the largest financial institution headquartered in West Michigan. It is the 17th largest credit union in the nation, based on asset size.  Pros & Cons Pros * Small loan amounts * Low minimum credit score of 620 required Cons * No pre-qualification * Membership required Qualifications * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C. * You must have a minimum credit score of 620 to qualify for a personal loan with LMCU. * To become a member, you must live, work, or go to church in Florida or Michigan’s lower peninsula, be a U.S. citizen with an immediate family member who is an LMCU member, or be a U.S. citizen and contribute $5 to the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Fund. Read the Full [Lake Michigan Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/lake-michigan-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384413) ### Best for Military Members : Navy Federal Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.4 --- ![Navy Federal Credit Union logo]() ![Navy Federal Credit Union logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OZ91Nkuc7hxOKt7Pnw-qYBkQX_s=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/navy-federal-credit-union-2cf8ae64daa040dc85d84da392c99c93.jpg) * **APR Range:** 8.99% - 18.00% * **Loan Amount:** $250 - $50,000 * **Loan Terms:** 6 months - 180 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg) Why We Chose It Navy Federal has a lot going for it. Aside from its wide range of term lengths and loan amounts to choose from, there are no origination fees and even a 0.25% rate discount on top of the already fantastic rates if you use autopay. It also received the highest satisfaction score for personal loans in J.D. Power’s 2023 study (unofficially, as it does not meet all of J.D Power's requirements for inclusion), far surpassing any other lender. However, as the name implies, the biggest barrier for most people in accessing these loans is its military-only (or military-adjacent) membership requirement. Furthermore, assuming you’re even eligible to join, it’s a clunky process to apply if you’re not already a member. The credit union doesn’t offer a way to pre-qualify for its personal loans, meaning you’ll need to first join the credit union in order to see your options at all, even if you don’t end up selecting Navy Federal as your lender. Navy Federal Credit Union is the nation’s largest credit union. It was founded in 1933 and is headquartered in Vienna, Virginia. Pros & Cons Pros * Same-day funding * Autopay discount * Highest J.D. Power customer satisfaction ratings Cons * Doesn’t allow co-signers * Not available to most civilians * Doesn’t offer loan pre-qualification Qualifications * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C. * Must join the credit union by depositing $5 in a savings account to establish membership * Membership open to active-duty military members, veterans, Department of Defense contractors, and their families Read the Full [Navy Federal Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/navy-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-4844366) ### Best Credit Union : Patelco Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.7 --- ![Patelco Credit Union]() ![Patelco Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/GQh7xHVNPlxvMNahOptTzVm_DyU=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PatelcoCreditUnion-2710a2540a224fdc823143d06af54798.jpg) * **APR Range:** 9.30% - 17.90% * **Loan Amount:** $300 - $100,000 * **Loan Terms:** 6 months - 84 months [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu) Why We Chose It Patelco’s personal loan program is a bit more intricate than most lenders, but that works to your advantage. You’ll be able to choose from a broad range of loan amounts and term lengths to suit just about any need you might have. Patelco also offers two discounts. The first is a 0.10% rate reduction if you meet Commitment Household Membership by using more of the credit union’s services. The second discount is 0.50% off your interest rate for paying on time for 12 months straight. This discount is given up to three times for a total of 1.50% off your interest rate for the rest of the loan's life. It'll pay the first year of your membership requirement, unlike most credit unions.  Patelco is a relatively recent addition to our list of serious competitors for the best personal loans. So it may not be surprising that there’s not many reviews out there from actual customers. In addition, its checking accounts may come with monthly fees and its savings accounts don’t always offer good rates unless you have a high balance, making this a better option for people looking more for low loan rates than for high deposit account rates. Patelco Credit Union was founded in 1936 by employees of the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph company. Its headquarters are in Dublin, California and it boasts more than $9 billion in assets. Pros & Cons Pros * No origination fees * Many discounts available * Wide range of loan options Cons * Scarcity of customer reviews * Uninspiring checking and savings accounts Qualifications * Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C. * Must become a credit union member * If you don't qualify to become a member for free, you can join the Financial Fitness Association; Patelco will pay for the first year. Read the Full [Patelco Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/patelco-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8364504) ## Compare the 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024: Rates Starting at 7.80% | | Best For | APR Range | Average Origination Fee | Late Fee | Time to Receive Loan | Loan Amount | Latest Repayment | | Reset All | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | SoFi | Best Overall | 8.99% - 29.49% | 0.00% | $0.00 | 0 days | $5,000 - $100,000 | 84 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d69e3813-7f29-486b-8c1d-3de6e3e043c0&tag.pref_partner=sofi&tag.lender=sofi) | Hide, not for me | | Discover | Best for Debt Consolidation | 7.99% - 24.99% | 0.00% | $39.00 | 1 day | $2,500 - $40,000 | 84 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=discover&tag.lender=discover-bridge) | Hide, not for me | | Upgrade | Best for Emergency/Quick Funding | 8.49% - 35.99% | 1.85%–9.99% | $10.00 | 1 day | $1,000 - $50,000 | 84 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=4499a3b5-caaf-470f-9719-2c5ba9c731b9&tag.pref_partner=upgrade&tag.lender=upgrade) | Hide, not for me | | Upstart | Best for Bad Credit | 7.80% - 35.99% | 0.00%–12.00% | 5% of the late payment amount or $15, whichever is greater | 1 days | $1,000 - $50,000 | 60 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=d0e08fc1-c2ff-4dc3-a5af-fda4a1eac92a&tag.pref_partner=upstart&tag.lender=upstart) | Hide, not for me | | PenFed Credit Union | Best for Excellent Credit | 7.99% - 17.99% | 0.00% | $29.00 | 1 day | $600 - $50,000 | 60 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=f769d233-ccd8-4c24-95ab-c491143b3ce5&tag.pref_partner=penfed&tag.lender=penfed) | Hide, not for me | | OppLoans | Best With No Credit Check | 160.00% - 179.00% | 0.00% | $0 | 0 days | $500 - $4,000 | 18 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedialoans/loans?preferred_offer_partner=c52ec50b-6995-4425-bed4-6c1108667bb1&tag.pref_partner=opploans) | Hide, not for me | | U.S. Bank | Best Big Bank | 8.74% - 24.99% | 0.00% | $25.00 | 0 days | $1,000 - $50,000 | 84 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=usbank&tag.lender=usbank-bridge) | Hide, not for me | | Lake Michigan Credit Union | Best for Small Loan Amounts | 9.99% - 18.00% | 0.00% | 4% of the balance that is due | 0 days | $250 - $25,000 | 60 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=lmcu) | Hide, not for me | | Navy Federal Credit Union | Best for Military Members | 8.99% - 18.00% | 0.00% | $29.00 | 0 days | $250 - $50,000 | 180 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=navy-federal&tag.lender=navy-federal-bridg) | Hide, not for me | | Patelco Credit Union | Best Credit Union | 9.30% - 17.90% | 0.00% | 3% of loan payment or $5, whichever is higher | 0 days | $300 - $100,000 | 84 months | [Check Rates](https://fiona.com/partner/investopedia-bridge-page-embed-loans/loans?bridge_partner=patelco-cu) | Hide, not for me | \*APR ranges for some companies include a discount for automatic payments or existing bank customers. ## The Bottom Line If you're looking for a lender with great customer service and competitive rates SoFi is a good pick. It offers the best all-around blend of good things to look for in a personal loan, like reasonable rates, quick funding, and membership benefits. Navy Federal Credit Union is our go-to recommendation for military members due to its especially customer-friendly policies and outstanding reputation. Discover, PenFed Credit Union, and Lake Michigan Credit Union round out the top options for the borrower-friendly loans available today. ## What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work? An unsecured personal loan is a general-purpose installment loan. Unlike auto loans or mortgages, a [personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-5076027) can be used for just about anything. A personal loan is paid out in one lump sum after your application is approved, typically via a bank deposit or a check mailed to your address. Once your personal loan funds are disbursed, you’ll make the same fixed monthly payment for the life of the loan, usually a few years in length.  Use our [personal loan calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-calculator-5082130) to zero in on a loan amount and term that fits your credit, your financial history, and your budget. You can see how long it'll take you to pay down your loan—and your loan's total cost—with different amounts, rates, and credit levels. Most personal loans are unsecured, which means they’re not backed by collateral. If you have assets such as a car or cash savings, some lenders allow you to pledge them toward a [secured personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/secured-loans-5076025) in order to get lower rates or a better chance at approval. If you default, your lender can claim ownership of your collateral to repay your debt.  Personal loans may be solo, or you can have a co-signer or a co-borrower on your loan. A co-borrower is often someone such as a spouse or partner who agrees to share responsibility with you for paying off the loan from the start. A co-signer, on the other hand, only agrees to repay the loan if you default, giving the lender more peace of mind—which can sway them into approving your application.  ## Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates? Among the the 70 lenders we evaluated to create this list, [American Express offers the lowest advertised rate](https://www.investopedia.com/american-express-personal-loans-review-5069612), currently 5.91%. But not everyone is eligible for that rate. For one thing, American Express only lends to existing customers that it invites to apply. For another, the lowest advertised rates are only offered to borrowers with the strongest credit profiles (high credit scores, low debt-to-income ratios), and generally for loans with shorter terms. This means that lenders will offer most borrowers a rate other than the lowest advertised one. And for some borrowers, that might be a rate closer to the advertised *maximum*. The average rate in the chart below is [the average rate *offered* by 19 of our lender partners](https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-the-average-personal-loan-interest-rate-8558877) to borrowers who submit applications through their systems. It includes loan offers made to people with the strongest credit profiles and to those with the weakest. The rate you might be offered may be better or worse than the average (hopefully it's better), but ultimately that will depend on the strength of your credit profile. ## Where to Get a Personal Loan You'll [find personal loans](https://www.investopedia.com/where-to-get-a-personal-loan-other-than-a-bank-7643189) in most places where you already do your banking. Different types of lenders may offer personal loans with contrasting features or benefits. * **Banks**: Personal loans aren’t the main attraction at most banks, although most do offer them. Banks tend to charge a higher interest rate on a personal loan and usually have stricter credit score requirements. * **Credit unions**: You’ll need to meet [membership requirements to join](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-join-a-credit-union-7495339), but once in, credit unions are generally more flexible than banks in [offering affordable personal loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-union-personal-loans-8385380) to members. * **Online lenders**: You can find many more online lenders than local credit unions and banks, expanding your options significantly. Online lenders generally have the easiest-to-meet personal loan requirements of all. Note that some banks offer lower rates than many credit unions do, for example, and some online lenders may be pickier about your credit score than other lenders.  ## Reasons to Apply For a Personal Loan One of the reasons why personal loans are so popular is because they can be used for just about anything. People commonly use personal loans to pay for: * [Surprise emergency expenses](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-get-an-emergency-loan-8350807) * Veterinary or medical bills * Consolidating higher-interest debt * Taking a vacation or getting married * Home improvement projects and repairs Most lenders *don’t* allow personal loans to be used for college tuition, business expenses, gambling, house down payments, or illegal activities.   Debt consolidation is the most popular reason for getting a personal loan, according to [Investopedia's 2023 Personal Loan Borrower Survey](https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574). Home improvements and large purchases were the next two most common reasons cited for seeking a loan. The [best debt consolidation loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-personal-loans-for-debt-consolidation-4779764) are ones with low interest rates and flexible repayment terms. ## Pros and Cons of Personal Loans As with any financial tool, it’s important to weigh the benefits against the drawbacks if you’re looking to borrow money. Pros * Quick funding times * Predictable monthly payments * Cheaper than using credit cards * Use for a wide range of expenses * Builds credit with on-time payments Cons * Unsecured loans are more expensive than secured loans * Harms credit if you miss payments or default * May lose collateral if you default on secured loan * Requires good to excellent credit for the best rates ## Tips for Picking the Best Personal Loan for You When you're shopping for a loan, here are some of the factors you should evaluate: * **Interest rates**: This is the biggest expense associated with a loan, so it should be at the top of your comparison list. Look for a lender’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes fees (like origination fees) and your personal loan's interest, so you’re comparing apples to apples. * **Origination fees**: Some lenders charge an origination fee to open the loan. Usually, this cost is subtracted from the total amount borrowed, so be sure you account for that in your planning. * **Loan amounts and term lengths**: Some lenders may not offer loans in the amounts and repayment times you want or need. * **Prepayment penalties**: These are fees the lender charges if you pay off the debt before the end of the term. These are rare with personal loans (none of the 70 lenders in our database charge them), but it’s worth looking out for. * **Minimum credit score and income requirements**: Not all lenders share their qualification requirements upfront, but many do. If your credit is lower or your income is, you may have a difficult time securing a loan you can afford. * **Option to use a co-signer or co-borrower**: Many lenders allow you to apply with a co-signer or co-borrower, which can help you qualify. * **Option to use collateral**: Personal loans are generally unsecured, which means they don’t require collateral. Some lenders do offer secured personal loans (with cars, CD or savings accounts, or even your home’s fixtures as collateral). This can make it easier to qualify and often results in lower APRs. * **Direct payment to old creditors**: For debt consolidation loans, many lenders will pay your creditors directly. This is convenient for you and offers a bit of risk reduction for the bank. * **Loan use restrictions**: Make sure the lender you are interested in borrowing from doesn’t have restrictions against how you intend to use the funds. Nearly all lenders prohibit using personal loans for gambling or investing, school expenses like tuition, or business funding. Some may have tighter restrictions. * **Customer reviews and ratings**: Finally, read a few reviews of potential lenders on financial product and service educational sites, as well as customer experience sites like Trustpilot to get as broad a view as possible. ## How to Qualify For a Personal Loan Personal loans are usually easy to qualify for, although it can be hard to get a loan with bad credit, and some borrowers face difficulties in getting approved. Each lender has specific requirements you’ll need to meet, but in general, your chances of qualifying with any given lender increase if you have [good to excellent credit](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/good-credit.asp), a consistently high income, and low existing debt payments. A healthy debt-to-income ratio will improve your odds of approval and getting a better rate. It may be easier to qualify for smaller loan amounts with shorter term lengths as well.  ### Average APR by Credit Score ### Before You Apply for a Personal Loan Before you apply for a personal loan, take a hard look at your finances. * **Review your credit**: Higher credit scores get the best rates and most options to choose from. Knowing your credit score from the start will help you understand your options, and why you receive the offers you do. * **Review your budget**: Can you make changes to your budget that save you money and perhaps allow you to skip the loan altogether? Regardless, you'll need to know how much room you have in your budget to cover a monthly loan payment. * **Consider alternatives**: Below you'll find a long list of alternatives to a personal loan, from credit card balance transfers to borrowing from friends. Is a personal loan your best option? * **Gather financial details**: Some of this will have come up during your budget review, but collect the key details of your financial life: monthly income, monthly expenses (particularly debt expense). Also calculate your [debt to income ratio (DTI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dti.asp), which is your gross, before tax income divided by your monthly debt payments (like home loans, car loans, and credit card payments). Lenders will use your DTI as they consider your loan application. Lower DTIs are better than higher ones. If your DTI is already high and debt payments already crimping your budget, think carefully before adding more debt (and more monthly debt payments). * **Gather important documents**: You'll need a government-issued ID and Social Security number, and very likely recent paystubs and bank statements to prove your income. Gather them before you start for a smoother application process. ## How to Apply for a Personal Loan, Step-by-Step Most lenders allow you to [apply for a personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-get-a-personal-loan-7642254) online, although you may be able to apply in person or over the phone, especially if you're dealing with a bank or credit union.  1. **Get pre-qualified**: The [personal loan application](https://www.investopedia.com/how-fill-out-personal-loan-application-7643049) process usually starts by getting pre-qualified. You’ll provide a few basic details about yourself, such as your name, contact information, income, and Social Security number, to your potential lender. Most lenders offer pre-qualification, but not all. Pre-qualification doesn't usually involve a hard credit check, so you won't have to worry about too many credit inquiries hurting your credit score. 2. **Review options**: The lender will do a [soft credit check](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soft-inquiry.asp), which won’t affect your credit score. If the lender deems you likely to be approved, they’ll respond with a personal loan offer outlining your options, interest rates, and loan costs. You can use this to compare rates and terms and other features among several lenders. 3. **Complete an application**: Once you find the best personal loan option, you’ll complete a full loan application with that lender. You’ll typically need to provide copies of documents proving your identity (government-issued identity photo I.D.), income (recent pay stubs, tax returns, or W-2s), and finances (recent bank statements). At this stage the lender will perform a hard credit check. 4. **Receive funds**: If you’re approved, your lender will disburse your loan funds to your bank account or by check, depending on its policies. ## Alternatives to Personal Loans Personal loans are not your only option if you need a flexible way to borrow money. Depending on your circumstances, here are a few other good options to consider: * **401(k) loan**: Not an option to consider lightly, but in some circumstances, taking a [loan from your 401(k)](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/08/borrow-from-401k-loan.asp) retirement account can be a cost-effective way to borrow. * **Crowdfunding**: If you need to borrow money for a compelling and share-worthy reason, you may be able to raise the funds on a [crowdfunding platform](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowdfunding.asp) with no debt needed. * **Grants or charity**: Many government and nonprofit programs offer assistance for things you’d use a personal loan for, like catching up on home repairs. If you need help finding options, [211.org](http://211.org) offers free personal assistance. * **0% APR credit card**: If you can qualify for a [0% APR credit card](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-cards-4801582), you may be able to make a big purchase or transfer existing credit card debt with a long runway to pay it off. * **Personal line of credit**: Some banks and credit unions offer personal [lines of credit](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/072913/basics-lines-credit.asp) that you can draw against as needed, a particularly good option if you need frequent small loans. * **Loans from family or friends**: Ask around your social support network if someone would be willing to lend you money in exchange for writing a promissory note or [loan agreement](https://www.investopedia.com/draft-personal-loan-agreement-7642883) with interest. * **Home equity loan or HELOCs**: Homeowners with at least 20% equity in their home may be able to use a [home equity loan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/home_equity.asp) or line of credit to borrow money, a particularly good option for home improvements and repairs. Watch out for deferred-interest store credit cards or financing offers, which are marketed similarly to true 0% APR credit cards at many retailers. The fine print reveals that you’ll need to pay off the card or amount financed in full by the end of the interest-free period; otherwise, all of those interest charges will be added back to your account.  ## Frequently Asked Questions * ### What Is the Best Bank for a Personal Loan? U.S. Bank offers the best personal loans among [big banks](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111815/6-biggest-banks-offering-personal-loans.asp), according to our research. It features affordable rates with no origination fees and is available to roughly half of U.S. states. If you’re willing to work with an online lender, SoFi is our best all-around choice, featuring similar rates to U.S. Bank but offering an additional benefits package with free access to financial advisors and career counseling, among other benefits. * ### What Personal Loan Is the Easiest to Get Approved For? If you don’t have good credit or a strong income on your own, it may be [easier to get approved](https://www.investopedia.com/easiest-personal-loans-approved-7644059) if you have a creditworthy co-signer or co-borrower. Some lenders also allow you to use collateral for a better shot at qualifying for a loan or receiving lower rates. * ### What Credit Score Is Needed for a Personal Loan? The average personal loan borrower had a credit score of 685 during the final quarter of 2022. This can vary quite a bit, though; some lenders, such as Upstart, have no minimum credit score requirement. Others, require a credit score over 700. Banks and credit unions tend to have higher [credit score requirements](https://www.investopedia.com/credit-score-need-personal-loan-7507149), while fintech lenders generally accept lower credit scores. * ### How Much Money Can You Borrow With a Personal Loan? Some lenders, such as SoFi, offer personal loans up to $100,000. However, that doesn’t mean you’ll necessarily qualify for that much. Each lender assesses your financial situation—including your monthly income and debt payments—when deciding the [maximum loan amount](https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-the-max-amount-for-personal-loans-7643651) you can borrow after you submit a loan application. * ### Are Personal Loans Taxable? A personal loan from a bank or other lender is not considered income by the IRS, and [is not taxable](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120315/are-personal-loans-considered-income.asp). However, if you were run into financial trouble and worked out an agreement with your lender to forgive the loan, the amount forgiven would be considered income, and would be taxable. In some cases the lender might send you a form (1099-C, Cancellation of Debt), which will note the amount you must report on your tax return. Regardless if your lender sends you the form, you must report the forgiven debt as income on your return. * ### How Much Would a $5,000 Personal Loan Cost a Month? The monthly cost of a personal loan, of whatever amount, will depend on the loan amount, the loan term (or the number of monthly payments), and the interest rate. The easiest way to calculate a monthly payment is to use a [personal loan calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-calculator-5082130). A $5,000 loan, paid over 24 months (or two years), with an interest rate of 12.49% (the current average rate charged on two-year personal loans, according to the Federal Reserve) would result in a monthly payment of $236.51. * ### What Is the Best Personal Loan Out There? According to Investopedia's research, [SoFi offers the best personal loans](https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398) when you consider rates, fees, amounts and term, and additional factors like customer experience. Some lenders offer loans for lower interest rates or accept borrowers with weaker credit profiles or offer longer terms. But overall, we rate SoFi the highest. * ### What Company Is Best for a Personal Loan? According to our research, [SoFi is the best overall personal loan lender](https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398) based on it's combination of competitive rates, large loan amounts, and wide range of repayment terms. Where it really shines is with customer service and experience, offering a bevy helpful services to its customers, from a well-regarded mobile app to financial hardship assistance. * ### Companies We Reviewed We researched and reviewed 70 lenders to find the 10 lenders you see above on this list. While we write individual reviews for most companies, we do not always write reviews for companies we would not recommend. Below are the companies we researched along with links to individual company reviews to help you learn more before making a decision: [Achieve](https://www.investopedia.com/freedom-plus-personal-loans-review-4800935), [Affinity Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/affinity-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8410017), [Alliant Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/alliant-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8401682), [American Express](https://www.investopedia.com/american-express-personal-loans-review-5069612), [Avant](https://www.investopedia.com/avant-personal-loans-review-4802261), [Axos Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/axos-bank-personal-loans-review-8408454), Bankers Healthcare Group, [Best Egg](https://www.investopedia.com/best-egg-personal-loans-review-4802359), [Bethpage Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/bethpage-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8365116), [Blue Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/blue-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8374431), Boatloan.com, [Boeing Employees' Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/becu-personal-loans-review-5211750), CapexMD, [Citibank](https://www.investopedia.com/citibank-personal-loans-review-4799909), [Connexus Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/connexus-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8407390), [Discover](https://www.investopedia.com/discover-personal-loans-review-4799530), Dividend Finance, [ENT Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/ent-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8373870), Fig Loans, [First Tech Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/first-tech-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-5070073), Future Family, GoodLeap, [Greenstate Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/greenstate-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8408463), [Happy Money](https://www.investopedia.com/payoff-personal-loans-review-4842918), [Hiway Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/hiway-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8411068), [Lake Michigan Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/lake-michigan-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384413), [Laurel Road](https://www.investopedia.com/laurel-road-personal-loans-review-4799934), [LendingClub](https://www.investopedia.com/lendingclub-personal-loans-review-4800191), [LendingPoint](https://www.investopedia.com/lendingpoint-personal-loans-review-4842605), [LendingUSA](https://www.investopedia.com/lendingusa-personal-loans-review-8404359), [Liberty Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/liberty-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8408457), [LightStream](https://www.investopedia.com/lightstream-personal-loans-review-4800841), Lyon Financial, Mariner, Money Key, [Mountain America Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/mountain-america-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8391160), [NASA Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/nasa-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384484), [Navy Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/navy-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-4844366), [Netcredit](https://www.investopedia.com/netcredit-personal-loans-review-6890038), [Old National Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/first-midwest-bank-personal-loans-review-5070056), [OneMain Financial](https://www.investopedia.com/onemain-financial-personal-loans-review-4843162), [OppLoans](https://www.investopedia.com/opploans-personal-loans-review-5069762), [Patelco Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/patelco-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8364504), [PenFed](https://www.investopedia.com/penfed-personal-loans-review-4800862), [Personify Financial](https://www.investopedia.com/personify-financial-personal-loans-review-8363570), [PNC Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/pnc-personal-loan-review-4846471), [Prosper](https://www.investopedia.com/prosper-personal-loans-review-4843741), [Reach Financial](https://www.investopedia.com/reach-financial-personal-loans-review-8383953), [Regions](https://www.investopedia.com/regions-personal-loans-review-5072600), [Reprise](https://www.investopedia.com/reprise-financial-personal-loans-review-8408473), [Rocket Loans](https://www.investopedia.com/rocket-loans-personal-loans-review-5069748), [Santander](https://www.investopedia.com/santander-bank-personal-loans-review-5211820), [Service Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/service-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8410020), [SoFi](https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398), Southeast Financial, [Summit Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/summit-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8414132), SunPower, [TD Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/td-bank-personal-loans-review-4801451), [Teachers Federal Credit Union](https://www.investopedia.com/teachers-federal-credit-union-personal-loan-review-8399783), Trident Funding, [Truist](https://www.investopedia.com/truist-personal-loans-review-5210721), [U.S. Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/us-bank-personal-loans-review-4843013), [Universal Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/universal-credit-personal-loans-review-8410022), [Upgrade](https://www.investopedia.com/upgrade-personal-loans-review-4842832), [Upstart](https://www.investopedia.com/upstart-personal-loans-review-4843810), [USAA](https://www.investopedia.com/usaa-personal-loans-review-4845449), Vantage Recreational Finance, [Wells Fargo](https://www.investopedia.com/wells-fargo-personal-loans-review-4842091). ## How We Picked the Best Personal Loans To evaluate and rank personal loan providers we collected hundreds of data points across 70 lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions, fintechs, and special interest finance companies. We researched and evaluated APRs, loan amounts and terms, fees, customer experience, and much more. To rank the lenders in our database and to generate star ratings, we weighted the data we collected, based in part on what consumers told us were the most important features of a personal loan and lender in a [survey we conducted](https://www.investopedia.com/investopedia-2023-personal-loan-borrower-survey-8383574). We grouped those factors into four broad areas: * Loan costs (advertised APR, fees, and six other factors): 29.25% * Loan terms (loan amount, repayment term, and three other factors): 22.25% * Borrowing requirements (credit score, membership requirement, and six other factors): 28.5% * Additional features (online application, pre-qualification, and eight other factors): 20% Learn more about how we evaluated personal loans in [our complete methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280). ## Guide to Personal Loans Learn more about personal loans: * [What is a personal loan?](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-5076027) * [How do personal loans work?](https://www.investopedia.com/how-personal-loans-work-7484814) * [When are personal loans a good idea?](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/111715/when-are-personal-loans-good-idea.asp) * [How to get a personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-get-a-personal-loan-7642254) * [How to apply for a personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/010516/how-apply-personal-loan.asp) * [How to use a personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/how-use-personal-loan-7562541) * [Where to get a personal loan](https://www.investopedia.com/where-to-get-a-personal-loan-other-than-a-bank-7643189) * [Personal loans vs credit cards](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/041415/pros-cons-personal-loans-vs-credit-cards.asp) * [Alternatives to personal loans](https://www.investopedia.com/7-alternatives-personal-loan-7567417) * [Personal loan calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-calculator-5082130) * [Personal loans methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-loan-review-methodology-5088280) ![Custom Investopedia illustration that says Best Personal Loans and shows a woman looking through a telescope, with a hammer, stethoscope, coins, and a key floating in the air](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CdpWvca1phxpomNqoP1SnxKGUFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/NewPLroundupimage-b6fdbb3f7f0e443fa080d5c3e47b7c22.png) ![Custom Investopedia illustration that says Best Personal Loans and shows a woman looking through a telescope, with a hammer, stethoscope, coins, and a key floating in the air](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CdpWvca1phxpomNqoP1SnxKGUFs=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/NewPLroundupimage-b6fdbb3f7f0e443fa080d5c3e47b7c22.png) Investopedia / Alice Morgan Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. J.D. Power. "[Fintech Lenders Gain Traction as Consumer Loan Satisfaction Increases, J.D. Power Finds](https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-consumer-lending-satisfaction-study)." 2. SoFi. "[Personal Loans](https://www.sofi.com/personal-loans/)." 3. Discover. "[Explore Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.discover.com/personal-loans/faqs/#section-7-question-4)," Click "What if My Payment Arrives Late?" 4. Discover. "[Explore Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.discover.com/personal-loans/faqs/#section-4-question-1)," Click "What Minimum Requirements Do I Need to Meet to Be Eligible for a Discover Personal Loan?" 5. Upgrade. "[Personal Loans](https://www.upgrade.com/personal-loans/)." 6. Upstart. "[A Personal Loan for Your Personal Needs](https://www.upstart.com/personal-loans)." 7. Upstart. "[Am I Eligible for a Loan?](https://upstart2.helpjuice.com/47003-borrower-eligibility/eligible-upstart-loan)" 8. Upstart. "[What Are the Minimum Credit Requirements To Receive a Loan?](https://upstart2.helpjuice.com/47003-borrower-eligibility/minimum-credit-requirements)" 9. Pentagon Federal Credit Union. "[About Pentagon Federal Credit Union](https://www.penfed.org/about-penfed)." 10. Trustpilot. “[OppLoans](https://www.trustpilot.com/review/opploans.com).” 11. OppLoans. "[Online Personal Loans](https://www.opploans.com/personal-loans/)." 12. OppLoans. "[Rates, Terms and Licenses](https://www.opploans.com/rates-and-terms/)." 13. Federal Reserve. “[Large Commercial Banks](https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/lbr/current/).” 14. U.S. Bank. "[Personal Loan](https://www.usbank.com/loans-credit-lines/personal-loans-and-lines-of-credit/personal-loan.html)." 15. J.D. Power. "[Personal Loans Emerge as Critical Financial Lifeline in Challenging Economy, J.D. Power Finds](https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2022-us-consumer-lending-satisfaction-study)." 16. J.D. Power. "[Fintech Lenders Gain Traction as Consumer Loan Satisfaction Increases, J.D. Power Finds](https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-consumer-lending-satisfaction-study)." 17. U.S. Bank. "[U.S. Bank Locations](https://www.usbank.com/locations/search/)," Click "Which States Have U.S. Bank Branches?" 18. Lake Michigan Credit Union. "[Company Profile](https://www.lmcu.org/about/company-profile/)." 19. NCUA. "[Credit Union Custom Query.](https://webapps2.ncua.gov/CustomQuery/CUSelect.aspx)" 20. Navy Federal Credit Union. "[Member Offers & Discounts](https://www.navyfederal.org/membership/offers-discounts.html#SL01)." 21. Navy Federal Credit Union. "[Membership Eligibility](https://www.navyfederal.org/membership/eligibility.html?intcmp=nav|mbrspmenu|||eligibility|10/19/2017|||)." 22. Patelco Credit Union. "[Patelco Membership](https://www.patelco.org/about-patelco/become-a-member)." 23. Patelco Credit Union. "[LevelUp](https://www.patelco.org/credit-cards-and-loans/account-services/levelup)." 24. Office of Rural Development. "[Single Family Housing Repair Loans & Grants](https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/single-family-housing-programs/single-family-housing-repair-loans-grants)." 25. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "[Using Home Equity to Meet Financial Needs](https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_jith-using-home-equity-guide.pdf)." 26. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "[How To Understand Special Promotional Financing Offers on Credit Cards](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/how-understand-special-promotional-financing-offers-credit-cards/)." 27. Federal Reserve Board. "[An Overview of Personal Loans in the U.S](https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2023057pap.pdf)," Page 7. 28. Internal Revenue Service. "[Topic no. 431, Canceled debt – Is It Taxable or Not?](https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc431)" 29. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "[Consumer Credit - G.19](https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/current/)." 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SoFi is our choice for the best overall personal loan lender due to its low cost, high customer satisfaction ratings, and excellent benefits package. Our decision is based on hundreds of hours of research, including a survey of, and interviews with, recent personal loan borrowers. A personal loan is an unsecured installment loan. If you qualify, you'll receive a lump sum of cash, which you can use for just about any purpose, from home improvements to medical expenses. You'll repay it over time (usually several years), with fixed monthly payments. It's a versatile financial tool, and often cheaper than alternatives like credit cards or short-term, emergency loans. The lenders in our list offer loans as small as $300 and as large as $100,000, so you'll find a lender that fits your needs, whether that's to pay for an emergency car repair or to consolidate more expensive debt. Our list does not include some of the familiar, big name banks you may know. That's because many of those banks don't offer unsecured personal loans, or if they do, don't offer the best rates, terms, benefits, or customer experience. 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024: Rates Starting at 7.80% Show Full List View Hide Full List View Best Overall: SoFi Best for Debt Consolidation: Discover Best for Emergency/Quick Funding: Upgrade Best for Bad Credit: Upstart Best for Excellent Credit: PenFed Credit Union Best With No Credit Check: OppLoans Best Big Bank: U.S. Bank Best for Small Loan Amounts: Lake Michigan Credit Union Best for Military Members: Navy Federal Credit Union Best Credit Union: Patelco Credit Union If youre not seeing anything in the results that are a good fit for your needs, consider warranties from these companies: Best Home Warranties Best Emergency Loans for Bad Credit Best Personal Loans for Bad Credit Company APR Credit Score est. Loan Amount More Details Best Overall APR With Autopay Discount 8.99% - 29.49% Recommended Minimum Credit Score Not Disclosed This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $5,000 - $100,000 See Details Check Rates Best for Debt Consolidation APR Range 7.99% - 24.99% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 660 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $2,500 - $40,000 See Details Check Rates Best for Emergency/Quick Funding APR With Autopay Discount 8.49% - 35.99% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 620 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $1,000 - $50,000 See Details Check Rates Best for Bad Credit APR Range 7.80% - 35.99% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 300 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $1,000 - $50,000 See Details Check Rates Best for Excellent Credit APR Range 7.99% - 17.99% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 700 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $600 - $50,000 See Details Check Rates Best With No Credit Check APR Range 160.00% - 179.00% Recommended Minimum Credit Score Not Disclosed This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $500 - $4,000 See Details Check Rates Best Big Bank APR With Autopay Discount 8.74% - 24.99% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 660 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $1,000 - $50,000 See Details Check Rates Best for Small Loan Amounts APR Range 9.99% - 18.00% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 620 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $250 - $25,000 See Details Check Rates Best for Military Members APR Range 8.99% - 18.00% Recommended Minimum Credit Score Not Disclosed This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $250 - $50,000 See Details Check Rates Best Credit Union APR Range 9.30% - 17.90% Recommended Minimum Credit Score 640 This lender does not disclose its minimum credit score requirements. Loan Amount $300 - $100,000 See Details Check Rates Why Trust Us 70 Lenders reviewed 31 Loan features considered 1,680 Data points analyzed 173 Primary data sources used Investopedia collected key data points from several lenders to identify the most important factors to borrowers. We used this data to review each lender for fees, accessibility, repayment terms, and other features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right borrowing decision for their needs. Read our Full Methodology 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024 Expand 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024 Our Top Picks SoFi Discover Upgrade Upstart PenFed Credit Union OppLoans U.S. Bank Lake Michigan Credit Union Navy Federal Credit Union Patelco Credit Union See More (7) Compare Providers The Bottom Line What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work? Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates? How to Apply Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Methodology Guide to Personal Loans Best Overall : SoFi Investopedia's Rating 4.8 APR Range: 8.99% - 29.49% Loan Amount: $5,000 - $100,000 Loan Terms: 24 months - 84 months Check Rates Why We Chose It While lower-rate personal loans do exist, SoFi is the most affordable lender offering a good blend of options plus some nice extras. SoFi is one of the few lenders to offer a comprehensive benefits package with all of its loans, including free financial planning from an advisor and career counseling and support.  Borrowers seem to approve of this approach, rating SoFi as the fourth-best in J.D. Power’s annual survey of customer satisfaction among personal loan lenders. The biggest downside of borrowing with SoFi is that with a minimum loan amount of $5,000, borrowers looking for a smaller loan are left out. And while you can apply with a co-borrower, SoFi doesn’t offer the option to apply with a co-signer or use collateral if you’re not able to be approved otherwise. SoFi was founded in 2011 and is based in San Francisco, California. It has funded more than $73 billion in loans of various types, including student loans and personal loans. Co-borrowers are jointly responsible from the beginning to repay the loan with you. Co-signers only repay the loan if you default, making it an easier sell to get someone on board with your loan. Pros & Cons Pros Zero fees charged Same-day funding available Access to SoFi membership benefits Cons No secured loan options Can’t apply with a co-signer, but co-borrowers are accepted High minimum loan amounts Qualifications Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.Must be at least 18 years old in most U.S. statesMust have income or a job offer starting within 90 daysMust be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or non-permanent residentLoans can’t be used for real estate, investments, businesses, or college financing. Read the Full SoFi Personal Loans Review 2024 Best for Debt Consolidation : Discover Investopedia's Rating 4.5 APR Range: 7.99% - 24.99% Loan Amount: $2,500 - $40,000 Loan Terms: 36 months - 84 months Check Rates Why We Chose It As long as you’re not looking to consolidate any debt from a Discover card, a Discover personal loan is an excellent choice for debt consolidation. It offers a fast funding time with a next-business-day deposit into your bank account if everything goes smoothly, and its low rates with zero origination fees make it easier to pay back. It was ranked as the third-best personal loan option in 2023 by J.D. Power. The downside is that you can only apply as a solo applicant, although you are able to use your household income on your application, so a partner or other family member can still help you out in this area. You can’t apply with a co-signer or co-borrower or use collateral for a Discover loan, however, meaning you’ll need to qualify on your own credit merits. It’s always a good idea to pay on time to avoid damaging your credit, but in this case, it’s especially important given that Discover charges an especially high late payment fee of $39. Discover was founded in 1986 as a subsidiary of Sears, Roebuck & Company offering credit card services. It is headquartered in Riverwood, Illinois and has funded more than $10 billion in personal loans. Pros & Cons Pros No origination fee Excellent customer satisfaction ratings Can send payment to creditors directly Cons Only accepts individual applications Can’t use collateral for a secured loan Can’t consolidate debt from a Discover credit card Qualifications Must be at least 18 years old$25,000 minimum annual household incomeMust be a U.S. citizen or permanent residentAvailable in all U.S. states and Washington, D.CMust have an email address, physical address, and a smartphone or computerLoans can’t be used to consolidate debt from a mortgage, auto loan, or Discover credit card. Read the Full Discover Personal Loans Review 2024 Best for Emergency/Quick Funding : Upgrade Investopedia's Rating 4.6 APR Range: 8.49% - 35.99% Loan Amount: $1,000 - $50,000 Loan Terms: 24 months - 84 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Upgrade accepts applicants with fair credit scores, and if you still don’t qualify or want lower rates, you can apply with three backup options: pledging a car for collateral, applying with a co-borrower, or applying with a co-signer. If you’re approved, you can receive your loan funds as soon as the next business day.   You do pay a price for that convenience, however: Each personal loan comes with an origination fee ranging from 1.85% to 9.99%, an expensive fee considering many lenders don’t charge anything at all. On the other hand, Upgrade does offer rate discounts if you sign up for autopay or a debt consolidation loan, and it offers a $200 sign-up bonus if you open and use a new Upgrade checking account when you take out your loan. Upgrade is headquartered in San Francisco, California. It has provided more than $24 billion in loans and credit in the past five years. Pros & Cons Pros Multiple discount options $200 checking account bonus offer Allows collateral, co-borrowers, and co-signers Cons Expensive origination fee Poor customer satisfaction ratings High interest rate for some applicants Qualifications Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.Must be at least 18 years old in most U.S. statesMust have an email address and a bank accountMust be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or non-permanent alien with a valid visaLoans can’t be used for college expenses, illegal activities, investments, or gambling. Read the Full Upgrade Personal Loans Review 2024 Best for Bad Credit : Upstart Investopedia's Rating 4.1 APR Range: 7.80% - 35.99% Loan Amount: $1,000 - $50,000 Loan Terms: 36 months - 60 months Check Rates Why We Chose It For borrowers with credit scores in the "bad" or "poor" range—between 300 and 579—finding a loan is not easy. Loans those borrowers do find usually come with APRs in the high double- or triple-digits. Upstart has the lowest minimum credit score of any lender on our list; they will consider applicants who don't even have sufficient credit history to produce a score. For those who do have a score, different Upstart partners have different minimums, offering credit access to the full spectrum of credit profiles. You can borrow up to $50,000, and, if approved, your loan funds can be disbursed in as little as one day. Rates won't go higher than 35.99%. Even if you have no credit history at all, you can still be eligible for a loan if you are enrolled in or graduated from a degree program. Upstart has made available to borrowers more than $35 billion in loans of various types, including personal loans. It is headquartered in San Mateo, California and was founded in 2012. Pros & Cons Pros Low minimum credit score Fast funding Good loan amount flexibility Cons High origination fee High APRs Fewer loan term options than others Qualifications Full range of credit scores are considered, including those with no scoreYou must be 18 years old.An email, verifiable name, verifiable date of birth, and social security numberU.S. bank account with routing numberMinimum annual income of $12,000Have a job or one starting within six monthsMeet partner lenders' credit requirements Read the Full Upstart Personal Loans Review 2024 Best for Excellent Credit : PenFed Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.5 APR Range: 7.99% - 17.99% Loan Amount: $600 - $50,000 Loan Terms: 12 months - 60 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Pentagon Federal Credit Union—or PenFed for short—is one of the largest credit unions in the country, with nearly three million members. It’s also one of the easiest to join, with no special requirements to meet other than popping $5 into a savings account to get your membership started. You can apply for a loan without joining to see your options, but if you decide to accept PenFed’s loan offer, you’ll need to join the credit union to receive your loan funds. You’ll also need good credit in order to be approved. If you don’t have that on your own, you may be able to apply with a co-borrower or use collateral to secure your loan, although PenFed doesn’t provide any details on how this works. In addition to offering excellent rates on a wide range of loan amounts, PenFed also has a robust discount program offering savings on H&R Block tax preparation, college planning services, insurance, and more. PenFed is one of the nation’s largest credit unions. It was founded in 1935 and is headquartered in McLean, Virginia. Pros & Cons Pros No origination fee Excellent range of loan options Easy membership requirements Cons Doesn’t allow co-signers, but they do allow co-borrowers Doesn't offer longer loan terms Doesn’t offer direct payment to creditors Qualifications Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.Must join the credit union by depositing $5 in a savings account Read the Full PenFed Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 Best With No Credit Check : OppLoans Investopedia's Rating 2.9 APR Range: 160.00% - 179.00% Loan Amount: $500 - $4,000 Loan Terms: 9 months - 18 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Borrowers with poor, or no, credit who cannot qualify for a personal loan from most other lenders may be able to qualify for a loan from OppLoans. Unlike most lenders, OppLoans doesn’t rely on a borrower’s credit score or credit history to make a lending decision. Borrowers also won’t pay origination fees and can access loan funds the same day. OppLoans provides a wealth of personal finance resources and tools on its website, and it has gotten strong reviews on third-party customer review sites like Trustpilot. But it’s important to note that this accessibility comes at a high cost. Interest rates on OppLoans’s loans are considerably higher than traditional personal loans—you’ll pay an APR of 160% for your loan. Additionally, repayment plans are significantly shorter, just nine to 18 months, and you can only borrow up to $4,000. OppLoans was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It has extended loans to more than a million borrowers since its founding. Pros & Cons Pros No minimum credit score requirement Strong customer service Same-day funding available Cons Very high interest rates Short repayment terms Not available in all U.S. states Qualifications Be at least 18 years of ageHave a bank accountHave a verifiable source of incomeReceive income through direct depositAvailable in 37 states; not available in: Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia. Read the Full OppLoans Personal Loans Review for 2024 Best Big Bank : U.S. Bank Investopedia's Rating 4.7 APR Range: 8.74% - 24.99% Loan Amount: $1,000 - $50,000 Loan Terms: 12 months - 84 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Working with a large bank offers the added advantage of being able to walk into a branch and talk to someone about your loan. U.S. Bank is the fifth-largest bank in the country, with over 2,300 branches in about half of U.S. states. Current customers of U.S. Bank will benefit the most, with reduced credit requirements and increased maximum loan amounts.  If you’re not a current customer, however, you’ll be limited to a smaller loan of $25,000 or less. U.S. Bank also used to have a better reputation, ranking as high as the second-best option for personal loans in 2022 by J.D. Power. However, it was severely demoted down to below-average status in the 2023 iteration of the survey. U.S. Bank was founded in 1863 and is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pros & Cons Pros No origination fee In-branch service available Autopay discount Cons Poor customer satisfaction ratings Only available in about half of U.S. states Restrictions for non-current customers Qualifications Only available in 27 U.S. states Read the Full U.S. Bank Personal Loans Review 2024 Best for Small Loan Amounts : Lake Michigan Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.2 APR Range: 9.99% - 18.00% Loan Amount: $250 - $25,000 Loan Terms: 24 months - 60 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Lake Michigan Credit Union (LMCU) earns the nod for best small loan lender because it offers personal loans as small as $250—the smallest in our database with reasonable rates and terms. Many competitors have loan amounts starting between $500 and $2,000, and a few offer loans under $500, so you have some options, depending on the size of your need. LMCU also offers competitive APRs and doesn’t charge origination fees, helping to keep your borrowing costs down. Its minimum required credit score of 620 makes its loans accessible to borrowers with fair credit. Be aware that its max loan limit is low (if a larger loan is in your future), and its terms are not as flexible as other lenders we evaluated. It also doesn’t offer pre-qualification, which means you can’t see your rate and term without completing a formal application (with a slight downward nudge to your credit score). And because it’s a credit union, you’ll need to become a member before borrowing, although membership is easy to get. Today, LMCU has over $12 billion in assets, and it's the largest financial institution headquartered in West Michigan. It is the 17th largest credit union in the nation, based on asset size.  Pros & Cons Pros Small loan amounts Low minimum credit score of 620 required Cons No pre-qualification Membership required Qualifications Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.You must have a minimum credit score of 620 to qualify for a personal loan with LMCU. To become a member, you must live, work, or go to church in Florida or Michigan’s lower peninsula, be a U.S. citizen with an immediate family member who is an LMCU member, or be a U.S. citizen and contribute $5 to the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Fund. Read the Full Lake Michigan Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 Best for Military Members : Navy Federal Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.4 APR Range: 8.99% - 18.00% Loan Amount: $250 - $50,000 Loan Terms: 6 months - 180 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Navy Federal has a lot going for it. Aside from its wide range of term lengths and loan amounts to choose from, there are no origination fees and even a 0.25% rate discount on top of the already fantastic rates if you use autopay. It also received the highest satisfaction score for personal loans in J.D. Power’s 2023 study (unofficially, as it does not meet all of J.D Power's requirements for inclusion), far surpassing any other lender. However, as the name implies, the biggest barrier for most people in accessing these loans is its military-only (or military-adjacent) membership requirement. Furthermore, assuming you’re even eligible to join, it’s a clunky process to apply if you’re not already a member. The credit union doesn’t offer a way to pre-qualify for its personal loans, meaning you’ll need to first join the credit union in order to see your options at all, even if you don’t end up selecting Navy Federal as your lender. Navy Federal Credit Union is the nation’s largest credit union. It was founded in 1933 and is headquartered in Vienna, Virginia. Pros & Cons Pros Same-day funding Autopay discount Highest J.D. Power customer satisfaction ratings Cons Doesn’t allow co-signers Not available to most civilians Doesn’t offer loan pre-qualification Qualifications Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.Must join the credit union by depositing $5 in a savings account to establish membershipMembership open to active-duty military members, veterans, Department of Defense contractors, and their families Read the Full Navy Federal Personal Loans Review 2024 Best Credit Union : Patelco Credit Union Investopedia's Rating 4.7 APR Range: 9.30% - 17.90% Loan Amount: $300 - $100,000 Loan Terms: 6 months - 84 months Check Rates Why We Chose It Patelco’s personal loan program is a bit more intricate than most lenders, but that works to your advantage. You’ll be able to choose from a broad range of loan amounts and term lengths to suit just about any need you might have. Patelco also offers two discounts. The first is a 0.10% rate reduction if you meet Commitment Household Membership by using more of the credit union’s services. The second discount is 0.50% off your interest rate for paying on time for 12 months straight. This discount is given up to three times for a total of 1.50% off your interest rate for the rest of the loan's life. It'll pay the first year of your membership requirement, unlike most credit unions.  Patelco is a relatively recent addition to our list of serious competitors for the best personal loans. So it may not be surprising that there’s not many reviews out there from actual customers. In addition, its checking accounts may come with monthly fees and its savings accounts don’t always offer good rates unless you have a high balance, making this a better option for people looking more for low loan rates than for high deposit account rates. Patelco Credit Union was founded in 1936 by employees of the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph company. Its headquarters are in Dublin, California and it boasts more than $9 billion in assets. Pros & Cons Pros No origination fees Many discounts available Wide range of loan options Cons Scarcity of customer reviews Uninspiring checking and savings accounts Qualifications Available in all U.S. states and Washington, D.C.Must become a credit union memberIf you don't qualify to become a member for free, you can join the Financial Fitness Association; Patelco will pay for the first year. Read the Full Patelco Credit Union Personal Loans Review 2024 Compare the 10 Best Personal Loans for May 2024: Rates Starting at 7.80% Best For APR Range Average Origination Fee Late Fee Time to Receive Loan Loan Amount Latest Repayment Reset All SoFi Best Overall 8.99% - 29.49% 0.00% $0.00 0 days $5,000 - $100,000 84 months Check Rates Hide, not for me Discover Best for Debt Consolidation 7.99% - 24.99% 0.00% $39.00 1 day $2,500 - $40,000 84 months Check Rates Hide, not for me Upgrade Best for Emergency/Quick Funding 8.49% - 35.99% 1.85%–9.99% $10.00 1 day $1,000 - $50,000 84 months Check Rates Hide, not for me Upstart Best for Bad Credit 7.80% - 35.99% 0.00%–12.00% 5% of the late payment amount or $15, whichever is greater 1 days $1,000 - $50,000 60 months Check Rates Hide, not for me PenFed Credit Union Best for Excellent Credit 7.99% - 17.99% 0.00% $29.00 1 day $600 - $50,000 60 months Check Rates Hide, not for me OppLoans Best With No Credit Check 160.00% - 179.00% 0.00% $0 0 days $500 - $4,000 18 months Check Rates Hide, not for me U.S. Bank Best Big Bank 8.74% - 24.99% 0.00% $25.00 0 days $1,000 - $50,000 84 months Check Rates Hide, not for me Lake Michigan Credit Union Best for Small Loan Amounts 9.99% - 18.00% 0.00% 4% of the balance that is due 0 days $250 - $25,000 60 months Check Rates Hide, not for me Navy Federal Credit Union Best for Military Members 8.99% - 18.00% 0.00% $29.00 0 days $250 - $50,000 180 months Check Rates Hide, not for me Patelco Credit Union Best Credit Union 9.30% - 17.90% 0.00% 3% of loan payment or $5, whichever is higher 0 days $300 - $100,000 84 months Check Rates Hide, not for me *APR ranges for some companies include a discount for automatic payments or existing bank customers. The Bottom Line If you're looking for a lender with great customer service and competitive rates SoFi is a good pick. It offers the best all-around blend of good things to look for in a personal loan, like reasonable rates, quick funding, and membership benefits. Navy Federal Credit Union is our go-to recommendation for military members due to its especially customer-friendly policies and outstanding reputation. Discover, PenFed Credit Union, and Lake Michigan Credit Union round out the top options for the borrower-friendly loans available today. What Is a Personal Loan and How Does It Work? An unsecured personal loan is a general-purpose installment loan. Unlike auto loans or mortgages, a personal loan can be used for just about anything. A personal loan is paid out in one lump sum after your application is approved, typically via a bank deposit or a check mailed to your address. Once your personal loan funds are disbursed, you’ll make the same fixed monthly payment for the life of the loan, usually a few years in length.  Use our personal loan calculator to zero in on a loan amount and term that fits your credit, your financial history, and your budget. You can see how long it'll take you to pay down your loan—and your loan's total cost—with different amounts, rates, and credit levels. Most personal loans are unsecured, which means they’re not backed by collateral. If you have assets such as a car or cash savings, some lenders allow you to pledge them toward a secured personal loan in order to get lower rates or a better chance at approval. If you default, your lender can claim ownership of your collateral to repay your debt.  Personal loans may be solo, or you can have a co-signer or a co-borrower on your loan. A co-borrower is often someone such as a spouse or partner who agrees to share responsibility with you for paying off the loan from the start. A co-signer, on the other hand, only agrees to repay the loan if you default, giving the lender more peace of mind—which can sway them into approving your application.  Who Has the Lowest Personal Loan Interest Rates? Among the the 70 lenders we evaluated to create this list, American Express offers the lowest advertised rate, currently 5.91%. But not everyone is eligible for that rate. For one thing, American Express only lends to existing customers that it invites to apply. For another, the lowest advertised rates are only offered to borrowers with the strongest credit profiles (high credit scores, low debt-to-income ratios), and generally for loans with shorter terms. This means that lenders will offer most borrowers a rate other than the lowest advertised one. And for some borrowers, that might be a rate closer to the advertised maximum. The average rate in the chart below is the average rate offered by 19 of our lender partners to borrowers who submit applications through their systems. It includes loan offers made to people with the strongest credit profiles and to those with the weakest. The rate you might be offered may be better or worse than the average (hopefully it's better), but ultimately that will depend on the strength of your credit profile. Where to Get a Personal Loan You'll find personal loans in most places where you already do your banking. Different types of lenders may offer personal loans with contrasting features or benefits. Banks: Personal loans aren’t the main attraction at most banks, although most do offer them. Banks tend to charge a higher interest rate on a personal loan and usually have stricter credit score requirements.  Credit unions: You’ll need to meet membership requirements to join, but once in, credit unions are generally more flexible than banks in offering affordable personal loans to members. Online lenders: You can find many more online lenders than local credit unions and banks, expanding your options significantly. Online lenders generally have the easiest-to-meet personal loan requirements of all. Note that some banks offer lower rates than many credit unions do, for example, and some online lenders may be pickier about your credit score than other lenders.  Reasons to Apply For a Personal Loan One of the reasons why personal loans are so popular is because they can be used for just about anything. People commonly use personal loans to pay for: Surprise emergency expenses Veterinary or medical bills Consolidating higher-interest debt Taking a vacation or getting married Home improvement projects and repairs Most lenders don’t allow personal loans to be used for college tuition, business expenses, gambling, house down payments, or illegal activities.   Debt consolidation is the most popular reason for getting a personal loan, according to Investopedia's 2023 Personal Loan Borrower Survey. Home improvements and large purchases were the next two most common reasons cited for seeking a loan. The best debt consolidation loans are ones with low interest rates and flexible repayment terms. Pros and Cons of Personal Loans As with any financial tool, it’s important to weigh the benefits against the drawbacks if you’re looking to borrow money. Pros Quick funding times Predictable monthly payments Cheaper than using credit cards Use for a wide range of expenses Builds credit with on-time payments Cons Unsecured loans are more expensive than secured loans Harms credit if you miss payments or default May lose collateral if you default on secured loan Requires good to excellent credit for the best rates Tips for Picking the Best Personal Loan for You When you're shopping for a loan, here are some of the factors you should evaluate: Interest rates: This is the biggest expense associated with a loan, so it should be at the top of your comparison list. Look for a lender’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes fees (like origination fees) and your personal loan's interest, so you’re comparing apples to apples.Origination fees: Some lenders charge an origination fee to open the loan. Usually, this cost is subtracted from the total amount borrowed, so be sure you account for that in your planning.Loan amounts and term lengths: Some lenders may not offer loans in the amounts and repayment times you want or need.Prepayment penalties: These are fees the lender charges if you pay off the debt before the end of the term. These are rare with personal loans (none of the 70 lenders in our database charge them), but it’s worth looking out for.Minimum credit score and income requirements: Not all lenders share their qualification requirements upfront, but many do. If your credit is lower or your income is, you may have a difficult time securing a loan you can afford.Option to use a co-signer or co-borrower: Many lenders allow you to apply with a co-signer or co-borrower, which can help you qualify.Option to use collateral: Personal loans are generally unsecured, which means they don’t require collateral. Some lenders do offer secured personal loans (with cars, CD or savings accounts, or even your home’s fixtures as collateral). This can make it easier to qualify and often results in lower APRs.Direct payment to old creditors: For debt consolidation loans, many lenders will pay your creditors directly. This is convenient for you and offers a bit of risk reduction for the bank.Loan use restrictions: Make sure the lender you are interested in borrowing from doesn’t have restrictions against how you intend to use the funds. Nearly all lenders prohibit using personal loans for gambling or investing, school expenses like tuition, or business funding. Some may have tighter restrictions. Customer reviews and ratings: Finally, read a few reviews of potential lenders on financial product and service educational sites, as well as customer experience sites like Trustpilot to get as broad a view as possible. How to Qualify For a Personal Loan Personal loans are usually easy to qualify for, although it can be hard to get a loan with bad credit, and some borrowers face difficulties in getting approved. Each lender has specific requirements you’ll need to meet, but in general, your chances of qualifying with any given lender increase if you have good to excellent credit, a consistently high income, and low existing debt payments. A healthy debt-to-income ratio will improve your odds of approval and getting a better rate. It may be easier to qualify for smaller loan amounts with shorter term lengths as well.  Average APR by Credit Score Before You Apply for a Personal Loan Before you apply for a personal loan, take a hard look at your finances. Review your credit: Higher credit scores get the best rates and most options to choose from. Knowing your credit score from the start will help you understand your options, and why you receive the offers you do. Review your budget: Can you make changes to your budget that save you money and perhaps allow you to skip the loan altogether? Regardless, you'll need to know how much room you have in your budget to cover a monthly loan payment. Consider alternatives: Below you'll find a long list of alternatives to a personal loan, from credit card balance transfers to borrowing from friends. Is a personal loan your best option? Gather financial details: Some of this will have come up during your budget review, but collect the key details of your financial life: monthly income, monthly expenses (particularly debt expense). Also calculate your debt to income ratio (DTI), which is your gross, before tax income divided by your monthly debt payments (like home loans, car loans, and credit card payments). Lenders will use your DTI as they consider your loan application. Lower DTIs are better than higher ones. If your DTI is already high and debt payments already crimping your budget, think carefully before adding more debt (and more monthly debt payments). Gather important documents: You'll need a government-issued ID and Social Security number, and very likely recent paystubs and bank statements to prove your income. Gather them before you start for a smoother application process. How to Apply for a Personal Loan, Step-by-Step Most lenders allow you to apply for a personal loan online, although you may be able to apply in person or over the phone, especially if you're dealing with a bank or credit union.  Get pre-qualified: The personal loan application process usually starts by getting pre-qualified. You’ll provide a few basic details about yourself, such as your name, contact information, income, and Social Security number, to your potential lender. Most lenders offer pre-qualification, but not all. Pre-qualification doesn't usually involve a hard credit check, so you won't have to worry about too many credit inquiries hurting your credit score. Review options: The lender will do a soft credit check, which won’t affect your credit score. If the lender deems you likely to be approved, they’ll respond with a personal loan offer outlining your options, interest rates, and loan costs. You can use this to compare rates and terms and other features among several lenders. Complete an application: Once you find the best personal loan option, you’ll complete a full loan application with that lender. You’ll typically need to provide copies of documents proving your identity (government-issued identity photo I.D.), income (recent pay stubs, tax returns, or W-2s), and finances (recent bank statements). At this stage the lender will perform a hard credit check. Receive funds: If you’re approved, your lender will disburse your loan funds to your bank account or by check, depending on its policies.  Alternatives to Personal Loans Personal loans are not your only option if you need a flexible way to borrow money. Depending on your circumstances, here are a few other good options to consider: 401(k) loan: Not an option to consider lightly, but in some circumstances, taking a loan from your 401(k) retirement account can be a cost-effective way to borrow.  Crowdfunding: If you need to borrow money for a compelling and share-worthy reason, you may be able to raise the funds on a crowdfunding platform with no debt needed.  Grants or charity: Many government and nonprofit programs offer assistance for things you’d use a personal loan for, like catching up on home repairs. If you need help finding options, 211.org offers free personal assistance.  0% APR credit card: If you can qualify for a 0% APR credit card, you may be able to make a big purchase or transfer existing credit card debt with a long runway to pay it off.  Personal line of credit: Some banks and credit unions offer personal lines of credit that you can draw against as needed, a particularly good option if you need frequent small loans. Loans from family or friends: Ask around your social support network if someone would be willing to lend you money in exchange for writing a promissory note or loan agreement with interest.  Home equity loan or HELOCs: Homeowners with at least 20% equity in their home may be able to use a home equity loan or line of credit to borrow money, a particularly good option for home improvements and repairs.  Watch out for deferred-interest store credit cards or financing offers, which are marketed similarly to true 0% APR credit cards at many retailers. The fine print reveals that you’ll need to pay off the card or amount financed in full by the end of the interest-free period; otherwise, all of those interest charges will be added back to your account.  Frequently Asked Questions What Is the Best Bank for a Personal Loan? U.S. Bank offers the best personal loans among big banks, according to our research. It features affordable rates with no origination fees and is available to roughly half of U.S. states. If you’re willing to work with an online lender, SoFi is our best all-around choice, featuring similar rates to U.S. Bank but offering an additional benefits package with free access to financial advisors and career counseling, among other benefits. What Personal Loan Is the Easiest to Get Approved For? If you don’t have good credit or a strong income on your own, it may be easier to get approved if you have a creditworthy co-signer or co-borrower. Some lenders also allow you to use collateral for a better shot at qualifying for a loan or receiving lower rates. What Credit Score Is Needed for a Personal Loan? The average personal loan borrower had a credit score of 685 during the final quarter of 2022. This can vary quite a bit, though; some lenders, such as Upstart, have no minimum credit score requirement. Others, require a credit score over 700. Banks and credit unions tend to have higher credit score requirements, while fintech lenders generally accept lower credit scores. How Much Money Can You Borrow With a Personal Loan? Some lenders, such as SoFi, offer personal loans up to $100,000. However, that doesn’t mean you’ll necessarily qualify for that much. Each lender assesses your financial situation—including your monthly income and debt payments—when deciding the maximum loan amount you can borrow after you submit a loan application. Are Personal Loans Taxable? A personal loan from a bank or other lender is not considered income by the IRS, and is not taxable. However, if you were run into financial trouble and worked out an agreement with your lender to forgive the loan, the amount forgiven would be considered income, and would be taxable. In some cases the lender might send you a form (1099-C, Cancellation of Debt), which will note the amount you must report on your tax return. Regardless if your lender sends you the form, you must report the forgiven debt as income on your return. How Much Would a $5,000 Personal Loan Cost a Month? The monthly cost of a personal loan, of whatever amount, will depend on the loan amount, the loan term (or the number of monthly payments), and the interest rate. The easiest way to calculate a monthly payment is to use a personal loan calculator. A $5,000 loan, paid over 24 months (or two years), with an interest rate of 12.49% (the current average rate charged on two-year personal loans, according to the Federal Reserve) would result in a monthly payment of $236.51. What Is the Best Personal Loan Out There? According to Investopedia's research, SoFi offers the best personal loans when you consider rates, fees, amounts and term, and additional factors like customer experience. Some lenders offer loans for lower interest rates or accept borrowers with weaker credit profiles or offer longer terms. But overall, we rate SoFi the highest. What Company Is Best for a Personal Loan? According to our research, SoFi is the best overall personal loan lender based on it's combination of competitive rates, large loan amounts, and wide range of repayment terms. Where it really shines is with customer service and experience, offering a bevy helpful services to its customers, from a well-regarded mobile app to financial hardship assistance. Companies We Reviewed We researched and reviewed 70 lenders to find the 10 lenders you see above on this list. While we write individual reviews for most companies, we do not always write reviews for companies we would not recommend. Below are the companies we researched along with links to individual company reviews to help you learn more before making a decision:Achieve, Affinity Federal Credit Union, Alliant Credit Union, American Express, Avant, Axos Bank, Bankers Healthcare Group, Best Egg, Bethpage Federal Credit Union, Blue Federal Credit Union, Boatloan.com, Boeing Employees' Credit Union, CapexMD, Citibank, Connexus Credit Union, Discover, Dividend Finance, ENT Credit Union, Fig Loans, First Tech Federal Credit Union, Future Family, GoodLeap, Greenstate Credit Union, Happy Money, Hiway Credit Union, Lake Michigan Credit Union, Laurel Road, LendingClub, LendingPoint, LendingUSA, Liberty Federal Credit Union, LightStream, Lyon Financial, Mariner, Money Key, Mountain America Credit Union, NASA Federal Credit Union, Navy Federal Credit Union, Netcredit, Old National Bank, OneMain Financial, OppLoans, Patelco Credit Union, PenFed, Personify Financial, PNC Bank, Prosper, Reach Financial, Regions, Reprise, Rocket Loans, Santander, Service Federal Credit Union, SoFi, Southeast Financial, Summit Credit Union, SunPower, TD Bank, Teachers Federal Credit Union, Trident Funding, Truist, U.S. Bank, Universal Credit, Upgrade, Upstart, USAA, Vantage Recreational Finance, Wells Fargo. How We Picked the Best Personal Loans To evaluate and rank personal loan providers we collected hundreds of data points across 70 lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions, fintechs, and special interest finance companies. We researched and evaluated APRs, loan amounts and terms, fees, customer experience, and much more. To rank the lenders in our database and to generate star ratings, we weighted the data we collected, based in part on what consumers told us were the most important features of a personal loan and lender in a survey we conducted. We grouped those factors into four broad areas: Loan costs (advertised APR, fees, and six other factors): 29.25%Loan terms (loan amount, repayment term, and three other factors): 22.25%Borrowing requirements (credit score, membership requirement, and six other factors): 28.5%Additional features (online application, pre-qualification, and eight other factors): 20% Learn more about how we evaluated personal loans in our complete methodology. Guide to Personal Loans Learn more about personal loans: What is a personal loan? How do personal loans work? When are personal loans a good idea? How to get a personal loan How to apply for a personal loan How to use a personal loan Where to get a personal loan Personal loans vs credit cards Alternatives to personal loans Personal loan calculator Personal loans methodology  Investopedia / Alice Morgan Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. J.D. Power. "Fintech Lenders Gain Traction as Consumer Loan Satisfaction Increases, J.D. Power Finds." SoFi. "Personal Loans." Discover. "Explore Frequently Asked Questions," Click "What if My Payment Arrives Late?" Discover. "Explore Frequently Asked Questions," Click "What Minimum Requirements Do I Need to Meet to Be Eligible for a Discover Personal Loan?" Upgrade. "Personal Loans." Upstart. "A Personal Loan for Your Personal Needs." Upstart. "Am I Eligible for a Loan?" Upstart. "What Are the Minimum Credit Requirements To Receive a Loan?" Pentagon Federal Credit Union. "About Pentagon Federal Credit Union." Trustpilot. “OppLoans.” OppLoans. "Online Personal Loans." OppLoans. "Rates, Terms and Licenses." Federal Reserve. “Large Commercial Banks.” U.S. Bank. "Personal Loan." J.D. Power. "Personal Loans Emerge as Critical Financial Lifeline in Challenging Economy, J.D. Power Finds." J.D. Power. "Fintech Lenders Gain Traction as Consumer Loan Satisfaction Increases, J.D. Power Finds." U.S. Bank. "U.S. Bank Locations," Click "Which States Have U.S. Bank Branches?" Lake Michigan Credit Union. "Company Profile." NCUA. "Credit Union Custom Query." Navy Federal Credit Union. "Member Offers & Discounts." Navy Federal Credit Union. "Membership Eligibility." Patelco Credit Union. "Patelco Membership." Patelco Credit Union. "LevelUp." Office of Rural Development. "Single Family Housing Repair Loans & Grants." Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "Using Home Equity to Meet Financial Needs." Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "How To Understand Special Promotional Financing Offers on Credit Cards." Federal Reserve Board. "An Overview of Personal Loans in the U.S," Page 7. Internal Revenue Service. "Topic no. 431, Canceled debt – Is It Taxable or Not?" Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Consumer Credit - G.19." Related Articles Best Installment Loans for 2024 Best Low-Interest Personal Loans for 2024 Best Personal Loans With a Co-Signer or Co-Borrower for 2024 Best Medical Loans of 2024 Best Auto Repair Loans for 2024 Best Joint Personal Loans for 2024 Related Terms Private Party Auto Loan: What It Is, How It Works, How to Get One A private party auto loan is a type of loan that you can use to finance the purchase of a car from an individual. Many financial institutions offer these loans, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. more What Is a Business Auto Loan? How to Finance Company Vehicles A business auto loan is a type of secured loan that companies or individual owners can use to purchase vehicles for business purposes. It can be less expensive than an unsecured loan, and its interest costs may be tax-deductible. more Private Student Loans: What They Are, How They Work Private student loans are offered through third-party lenders, and they don't come with the protections afforded to federal student loan borrowers. more Emergency Loan: Types, Eligibility, Pros and Cons Emergency loans are a type of personal loan that provides fast access to cash. Learn how emergency loans work and about their pros and cons. more Personal Loan: Definition, Types, and How to Get One A personal loan allows you to borrow money and repay it over time. Here’s what a personal loan is, how it works, and how to use one. more Maximum Loan Amount: Definition and Factors Lenders Consider A maximum loan amount describes the total that one is authorized to borrow. It is used for standard loans, credit cards, and line-of-credit accounts. more
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Tech Federal Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/first-tech-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-5070073" ], [ "Greenstate Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/greenstate-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8408463" ], [ "Happy Money", "https://www.investopedia.com/payoff-personal-loans-review-4842918" ], [ "Hiway Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/hiway-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8411068" ], [ "Lake Michigan Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/lake-michigan-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384413" ], [ "Laurel Road", "https://www.investopedia.com/laurel-road-personal-loans-review-4799934" ], [ "LendingClub", "https://www.investopedia.com/lendingclub-personal-loans-review-4800191" ], [ "LendingPoint", "https://www.investopedia.com/lendingpoint-personal-loans-review-4842605" ], [ "LendingUSA", "https://www.investopedia.com/lendingusa-personal-loans-review-8404359" ], [ "Liberty Federal Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/liberty-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8408457" ], [ "LightStream", "https://www.investopedia.com/lightstream-personal-loans-review-4800841" ], [ "Mountain America Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/mountain-america-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8391160" ], [ "NASA Federal Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/nasa-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8384484" ], [ "Navy Federal Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/navy-federal-credit-union-personal-loans-review-4844366" ], [ "Netcredit", "https://www.investopedia.com/netcredit-personal-loans-review-6890038" ], [ "Old National Bank", "https://www.investopedia.com/first-midwest-bank-personal-loans-review-5070056" ], [ "OneMain Financial", "https://www.investopedia.com/onemain-financial-personal-loans-review-4843162" ], [ "OppLoans", "https://www.investopedia.com/opploans-personal-loans-review-5069762" ], [ "Patelco Credit Union", 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"https://www.investopedia.com/service-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8410020" ], [ "SoFi", "https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-personal-loans-review-4797398" ], [ "Summit Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/summit-credit-union-personal-loans-review-8414132" ], [ "TD Bank", "https://www.investopedia.com/td-bank-personal-loans-review-4801451" ], [ "Teachers Federal Credit Union", "https://www.investopedia.com/teachers-federal-credit-union-personal-loan-review-8399783" ], [ "Truist", "https://www.investopedia.com/truist-personal-loans-review-5210721" ], [ "U.S. Bank", "https://www.investopedia.com/us-bank-personal-loans-review-4843013" ], [ "Universal Credit", "https://www.investopedia.com/universal-credit-personal-loans-review-8410022" ], [ "Upgrade", "https://www.investopedia.com/upgrade-personal-loans-review-4842832" ], [ "Upstart", "https://www.investopedia.com/upstart-personal-loans-review-4843810" ], [ "USAA", 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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp#toc-what-is-a-blockchain
Blockchain Facts: What Is It, How It Works, and How It Can Be Used
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-blockchain"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Blockchain? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftp-file-transfer-protocol.asp">shared among a computer network</a>'s nodes. They are best known for their crucial role in cryptocurrency systems for maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions, but they are not limited to cryptocurrency uses. Blockchains can be used to make data in any industry immutable—the term used to describe the inability to be altered. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Because there is no way to change a block, the only trust needed is at the point where a user or program enters data. This aspect reduces the need for trusted third parties, which are usually auditors or other humans that add costs and make mistakes. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Since Bitcoin's introduction in 2009, blockchain uses have exploded via the creation of various cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contracts.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Blockchain is a type of shared database that differs from a typical database in the way it stores information; blockchains store data in blocks linked together via cryptography.</li><li>Different types of information can be stored on a blockchain, but the most common use for transactions has been as a ledger. </li><li>In Bitcoin’s case, blockchain is decentralized so that no single person or group has control—instead, all users collectively retain control.</li><li>Decentralized blockchains are immutable, which means that the data entered is irreversible. For Bitcoin, transactions are permanently recorded and viewable to anyone.</li></ul></div></div></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Blockchain" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/pzT2wbISy-wNtMypVlBjr39dydg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Blockchain_final-086b5b7b9ef74ecf9f20fe627dba1e34.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/pzT2wbISy-wNtMypVlBjr39dydg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Blockchain_final-086b5b7b9ef74ecf9f20fe627dba1e34.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/EdgHb-__rRdGfTseBf2RTlgmkbc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Blockchain_final-086b5b7b9ef74ecf9f20fe627dba1e34.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Blockchain" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/pzT2wbISy-wNtMypVlBjr39dydg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Blockchain_final-086b5b7b9ef74ecf9f20fe627dba1e34.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/EdgHb-__rRdGfTseBf2RTlgmkbc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Blockchain_final-086b5b7b9ef74ecf9f20fe627dba1e34.png 750w" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Xiaojie Liu</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-does-a-blockchain-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Does a Blockchain Work? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <br/>You might be familiar with spreadsheets or databases. A blockchain is somewhat similar because it is a database where information is entered and stored. But the key difference between a traditional database or spreadsheet and a blockchain is how the data is structured and accessed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> A blockchain consists of programs called scripts that conduct the tasks you usually would in a database: Entering and accessing information and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/10-biggest-blockchain-companies-5213784">saving and storing it somewhere</a>. A blockchain is distributed, which means multiple copies are saved on many machines, and they must all match for it to be valid. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> The blockchain collects transaction information and enters it into a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/block-bitcoin-block.asp">block</a>, like a cell in a spreadsheet containing information. Once it is full, the information is run through an encryption algorithm, which creates a hexadecimal number called the hash. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> The hash is then entered into the following block header and encrypted with the other information in the block. This creates a series of blocks that are chained together. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Transaction Process </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Transactions follow a specific process, depending on the blockchain they are taking place on. For example, on Bitcoin's blockchain, if you initiate a transaction using your cryptocurrency wallet—the application that provides an interface for the blockchain—it starts a sequence of events. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> In Bitcoin, your transaction is sent to a memory pool, where it is stored and queued until a miner or validator picks it up. Once it is entered into a block and the block fills up with transactions, it is closed and encrypted using an encryption algorithm. Then, the mining begins. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:68.0%;"> <img alt="Blockchain" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/XrimO6cL95A3j-ts3PknnOXn8EI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_Final_Blockchain_Sep_2020-01-60f31a638c4944abbcfde92e1a408a30.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/XrimO6cL95A3j-ts3PknnOXn8EI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_Final_Blockchain_Sep_2020-01-60f31a638c4944abbcfde92e1a408a30.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/P7-2Wxt9oYMDb4tFF2xz_adUxAE=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_Final_Blockchain_Sep_2020-01-60f31a638c4944abbcfde92e1a408a30.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="3984" id="mntl-sc-block-image_2-0" width="5855"/> <noscript> <img alt="Blockchain" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="3984" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/XrimO6cL95A3j-ts3PknnOXn8EI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_Final_Blockchain_Sep_2020-01-60f31a638c4944abbcfde92e1a408a30.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/P7-2Wxt9oYMDb4tFF2xz_adUxAE=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_Final_Blockchain_Sep_2020-01-60f31a638c4944abbcfde92e1a408a30.jpg 750w" width="5855"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> The entire network works simultaneously, trying to "solve" the hash. Each one generates a random hash except for the "nonce," short for number used once. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Every miner starts with a nonce of zero, which is appended to their randomly-generated hash. If that number isn't equal to or less than the target hash, a value of one is added to the nonce, and a new block hash is generated. This continues until a miner generates a valid hash, winning the race and receiving the reward. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Generating random hashes until a specific value is found is the "proof-of-work" you hear so much about—it "proves" the miner did the work. The amount of work it takes to validate the hash is why the Bitcoin network consumes so much computational power and energy.</p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Once a block is closed, a transaction is complete. However, the block is not considered to be confirmed until five other blocks have been validated. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-are-layer-1-and-layer-2-blockchain-scaling-solutions-7104877">Confirmation takes the network about one hour</a> to complete because it averages just under 10 minutes per block (the first block with your transaction and five following blocks multiplied by 10 equals about 60 minutes). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Not all blockchains follow this process. For instance, the Ethereum network randomly chooses one validator from all users with ether staked to validate blocks, which are then confirmed by the network. This is much faster and less energy intensive than Bitcoin's process. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-blockchain-decentralization"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Blockchain Decentralization </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> A blockchain allows the data in a database to be spread out among several network nodes—computers or devices running software for the blockchain—at various locations. This not only creates redundancy but maintains the fidelity of the data. For example, if someone tries to alter a record at one instance of the database, the other nodes would prevent it from happening. This way, no single node within the network can alter information held within it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> Because of this distribution—and the encrypted proof that work was done—the information and history (like the transactions in cryptocurrency) are irreversible. Such a record could be a list of transactions (such as with a cryptocurrency), but it also is possible for a blockchain to hold a variety of other information like legal contracts, state identifications, or a company’s inventory. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-blockchain-transparency"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Blockchain Transparency </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Because of the decentralized nature of the Bitcoin blockchain, all transactions can be transparently viewed by either having a personal node or using <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.blockchain.com/explorer?utm_campaign=dcomnav_explorer">blockchain explorers</a> that allow anyone to see transactions occurring live. Each node has its own copy of the chain that gets updated as fresh blocks are confirmed and added. This means that if you wanted to, you could track a bitcoin wherever it goes.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> For example, exchanges have been hacked in the past, resulting in the loss of large amounts of cryptocurrency. While the hackers may have been anonymous—except for their wallet address—the crypto they extracted are easily traceable because the wallet addresses are published on the blockchain. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> Of course, the records stored in the Bitcoin blockchain (as well as most others) are encrypted. This means that only the person assigned an address can reveal their identity. As a result, blockchain users can remain anonymous while preserving transparency. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-blockchain-secure"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is Blockchain Secure? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> Blockchain technology achieves decentralized security and trust in several ways. To begin with, new blocks are always stored linearly and chronologically. That is, they are always added to the “end” of the blockchain. After a block has been added to the end of the blockchain, previous blocks cannot be changed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> A change in any data changes the hash of the block it was in. Because each block contains the previous block's hash, a change in one would change the following blocks. The network would reject an altered block because the hashes would not match. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Not all blockchains are 100% impenetrable. They are distributed ledgers that use code to create the security level they have become known for. If there are vulnerabilities in the coding, they can be exploited.</p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> For instance, imagine that a hacker runs a node on a blockchain network and wants to alter a blockchain and steal cryptocurrency from everyone else. If they were to change their copy, they would have to convince the other nodes that their copy was the valid one. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> They would need to control a majority of the network to do this and insert it at just the right moment. This is known as a 51% attack because you need to control more than 50% of the network to attempt it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> Timing would be everything in this type of attack—by the time the hacker takes any action, the network is likely to have moved past the blocks they were trying to alter. This is because the rate at which these networks hash is exceptionally fast—the Bitcoin network hashed at 348.1 exahashes per second (18 zeros) on April 21, 2023.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="52"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-bitcoin-vs-blockchain"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Bitcoin vs. Blockchain </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> Blockchain technology was first outlined in 1991 by Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta, two researchers who wanted to implement a system where document timestamps could not be tampered with. But it wasn’t until almost two decades later, with the launch of Bitcoin in January 2009, that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/news/what-genesis-block-bitcoin-terms/">blockchain had its first real-world application</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="36"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> The Bitcoin protocol is built on a blockchain. In a research paper introducing the digital currency, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/satoshi-nakamoto.asp">Satoshi Nakamoto</a>, referred to it as “a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.”<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> The key thing to understand is that Bitcoin uses blockchain as a means to transparently record a ledger of payments or other transactions between parties. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Blockchain </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Blockchain can be used to immutably record any number of data points. This could be in the form of transactions, votes in an election, product inventories, state identifications, deeds to homes, and much more. <br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> Currently, tens of thousands of projects are looking to implement blockchains in various ways to help society other than just recording transactions—for example, as a way to vote securely in democratic elections. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> The nature of blockchain’s immutability means that fraudulent voting would become far more difficult. For example, a voting system could work such that each country's citizens would be issued a single cryptocurrency or token. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> Each candidate would then be given a specific wallet address, and the voters would send their token or crypto to the address of whichever candidate for whom they wish to vote. The transparent and traceable nature of blockchain would eliminate the need for human vote counting and the ability of bad actors to tamper with physical ballots. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-blockchain-vs-banks"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Blockchain vs. Banks </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> Blockchains have been heralded as a disruptive force in the finance sector, especially with the functions of payments and banking. However, banks and decentralized blockchains are vastly different. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> To see how a bank differs from blockchain, let’s compare the banking system to Bitcoin’s blockchain implementation. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/rzOqg/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Blockchain vs. Banks"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-are-blockchains-used"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Are Blockchains Used? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> As we now know, blocks on Bitcoin’s blockchain store transactional data. Today, more than 23,000 other cryptocurrency systems are running on a blockchain. But it turns out that blockchain is a reliable way of storing data about other types of transactions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> Some companies experimenting with blockchain include Walmart, Pfizer, AIG, Siemens, and Unilever, among others. For example, IBM has created its Food Trust blockchain to trace the journey that food products take to get to their locations.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> Why do this? The food industry has seen countless outbreaks of E. coli, salmonella, and listeria; in some cases, hazardous materials were accidentally introduced to foods. In the past, it has taken weeks to find the source of these outbreaks or the cause of sickness from what people are eating. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"> Using blockchain allows brands to track a food product’s route from its origin, through each stop it makes, to delivery. Not only that, but these companies can also now see everything else it may have come in contact with, allowing the identification of the problem to occur far sooner—potentially saving lives. This is one example of blockchain in practice, but many other forms of blockchain implementation exist. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Banking and Finance </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> Perhaps no industry stands to benefit from integrating blockchain into its business operations more than banking. Financial institutions only operate during business hours, usually five days a week. That means if you try to deposit a check on Friday at 6 p.m., you will likely have to wait until Monday morning to see that money hit your account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> Even if you make your deposit during business hours, the transaction can still take one to three days to verify due to the sheer volume of transactions that banks need to settle. Blockchain, on the other hand, never sleeps. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"> By integrating blockchain into banks, consumers might see their transactions processed in minutes or seconds—the time it takes to add a block to the blockchain, regardless of holidays or the time of day or week. With blockchain, banks also have the opportunity to exchange funds between institutions more quickly and securely. Given the size of the sums involved, even the few days the money is in transit can carry significant costs and risks for banks. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"> The settlement and clearing process for stock traders can take up to three days (or longer if trading internationally), meaning that the money and shares are frozen for that period. Blockchain could drastically reduce that time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Currency </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"> Blockchain forms the bedrock for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The U.S. dollar is controlled by the Federal Reserve. Under this central authority system, a user’s data and currency are technically at the whim of their bank or government. If a user’s bank is hacked, the client’s private information is at risk. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"> If the client’s bank collapses or the client <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tech/how-blockchain-can-help-failing-economies/">lives in a country with an unstable government</a>, the value of their currency may be at risk. In 2008, several failing banks were bailed out—partially using taxpayer money. These are the worries out of which Bitcoin was first conceived and developed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>Blockchain can also give those in countries with unstable currencies or financial infrastructures a more stable currency and financial system. They would have access to more applications and a wider network of individuals and institutions with whom they can do domestic and international business.</p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"> By spreading its operations across a network of computers, blockchain allows Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to operate without the need for a central authority. This not only reduces risk but also the processing and transaction fees. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_110-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"> Using <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-wallet.asp">cryptocurrency wallets</a> for savings accounts or as a means of payment is especially profound for those without state identification. Some countries may be war-torn or have governments lacking any real identification infrastructure. Citizens of such countries may not have access to savings or brokerage accounts—and, therefore, no way to safely store wealth. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Healthcare </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"> Healthcare providers can leverage blockchain to store their patients’ medical records securely. When a medical record is generated and signed, it can be written into the blockchain, which provides patients with the proof and confidence that the record cannot be changed. These personal health records could be encoded and stored on the blockchain with a private key so that they are only accessible to specific individuals, thereby ensuring privacy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_115-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_116-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Property Records </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_117-0"> If you have ever spent time in your local Recorder’s Office, you will know that recording property rights is both burdensome and inefficient. Today, a physical deed must be delivered to a government employee at the local recording office, where it is manually entered into the county’s central database and public index. In the case of a property dispute, claims to the property must be reconciled with the public index. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_118-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_119-0"> This process is not just costly and time-consuming, it is also prone to human error, where each inaccuracy makes tracking property ownership less efficient. Blockchain has the potential to eliminate the need for scanning documents and tracking down physical files in a local recording office. If property ownership is stored and verified on the blockchain, owners can trust that their deed is accurate and permanently recorded. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_120-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_121-0"> In war-torn countries or areas with little to no government or financial infrastructure and no Recorder’s Office, proving property ownership can be nearly impossible. If a group of people living in such an area can leverage blockchain, then transparent and clear timelines of property ownership could be established. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_122-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_123-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Smart Contracts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_124-0"> A smart contract is a computer code that can be built into the blockchain to facilitate a contract agreement. Smart contracts operate under a set of conditions to which users agree. When those conditions are met, the terms of the agreement are automatically carried out. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_125-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_126-0"> Say, for example, that a potential tenant would like to lease an apartment using a smart contract. The landlord agrees to give the tenant the door code to the apartment as soon as the tenant pays the security deposit. The smart contract would automatically send the door code to the tenant when it was paid. It could also be programmed to change the code if rent wasn't paid or other conditions were met. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_127-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_128-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Supply Chains </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_129-0"> As in the IBM Food Trust example, suppliers can use blockchain to record the origins of materials that they have purchased. This would allow companies to verify the authenticity of not only their products but also common labels such as “Organic,” “Local,” and “Fair Trade.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_130-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_131-0"> As reported by Forbes, the food industry is increasingly adopting the use of blockchain to track the path and safety of food throughout the farm-to-user journey.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_132-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_133-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Voting </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_134-0"> As mentioned above, blockchain could facilitate a modern voting system. Voting with blockchain carries the potential to eliminate election fraud and boost voter turnout, as was tested in the November 2018 midterm elections in West Virginia.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="50"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_135-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_136-0"> Using blockchain in this way would make votes nearly impossible to tamper with. The blockchain protocol would also maintain transparency in the electoral process, reducing the personnel needed to conduct an election and providing officials with nearly instant results. This would eliminate the need for recounts or any real concern that fraud might threaten the election. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_137-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-and-cons-of-blockchain"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_138-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros and Cons of Blockchain </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_139-0"> For all of its complexity, blockchain’s potential as a decentralized form of record-keeping is almost without limit. From greater user privacy and heightened security to lower processing fees and fewer errors, blockchain technology may very well see applications beyond those outlined above. But there are also some disadvantages. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_140-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_141-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_142-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Improved accuracy by removing human involvement in verification</p></li> <li><p>Cost reductions by eliminating third-party verification</p></li> <li><p>Decentralization makes it harder to tamper with</p></li> <li><p>Transactions are secure, private, and efficient</p></li> <li><p>Transparent technology</p></li> <li><p>Provides a banking alternative and a way to secure personal information for citizens of countries with unstable or underdeveloped governments</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Significant technology cost associated with some blockchains</p></li> <li><p>Low transactions per second</p></li> <li><p>History of use in illicit activities, such as on the dark web</p></li> <li><p>Regulation varies by jurisdiction and remains uncertain</p></li> <li><p>Data storage limitations</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_143-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-benefits-of-blockchains"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_144-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Benefits of Blockchains </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_145-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Accuracy of the Chain </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_146-0"> Transactions on the blockchain network are approved by thousands of computers and devices. This removes almost all people from the verification process, resulting in less human error and an accurate record of information. Even if a computer on the network were to make a computational mistake, the error would only be made to one copy of the blockchain and not be accepted by the rest of the network. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_147-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_148-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Cost Reductions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_149-0"> Typically, consumers pay a bank to verify a transaction or a notary to sign a document. Blockchain eliminates the need for third-party verification—and, with it, their associated costs. For example, business owners incur a small fee when they accept credit card payments because banks and payment-processing companies have to process those transactions. Bitcoin, on the other hand, does not have a central authority and has limited transaction fees. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_150-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_151-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Decentralization </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_152-0"> Blockchain does not store any of its information in a central location. Instead, the blockchain is copied and spread across a network of computers. Whenever a new block is added to the blockchain, every computer on the network updates its blockchain to reflect the change. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_153-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_154-0"> By spreading that information across a network, rather than storing it in one central database, blockchain becomes more difficult to tamper with. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_155-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_156-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Efficient Transactions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_157-0"> Transactions placed through a central authority can take up to a few days to settle. If you attempt to deposit a check on Friday evening, for example, you may not actually see funds in your account until Monday morning. Financial institutions operate during business hours, usually five days a week—but a blockchain works 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and 365 days a year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_158-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_159-0"> On some blockchains, transactions can be completed in minutes and considered secure after just a few. This is particularly useful for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/09/currency-cross-triangulation.asp">cross-border</a> trades, which usually take much longer because of time zone issues and the fact that all parties must confirm payment processing. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_160-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_161-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Private Transactions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_162-0"> Many blockchain networks operate as public databases, meaning anyone with an internet connection can view a list of the network’s transaction history. Although users can access transaction details, they cannot access identifying information about the users making those transactions. It is a common misperception that blockchain networks like Bitcoin are fully anonymous; they are actually pseudonymous because there is a viewable address that can be associated with a user if the information gets out. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_163-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_164-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Secure Transactions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_165-0"> Once a transaction is recorded, its authenticity must be verified by the blockchain network. After the transaction is validated, it is added to the blockchain block. Each block on the blockchain contains its unique hash and the unique hash of the block before it. Therefore, the blocks cannot be altered once the network confirms them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_166-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_167-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Transparency </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_168-0"> Most blockchains are entirely open-source software. This means that everyone can view its code. This gives auditors the ability to review cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin for security. However, it also means there is no real authority on who controls Bitcoin’s code or how it is edited. Because of this, anyone can suggest changes or upgrades to the system. If a majority of the network users agree that the new version of the code with the upgrade is sound and worthwhile, then Bitcoin can be updated. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_169-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_170-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Banking the Unbanked </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_171-0"> Perhaps the most profound facet of blockchain and cryptocurrency is the ability for anyone, regardless of ethnicity, gender, location, or cultural background to use it. According to The World Bank, an estimated 1.3 billion adults do not have bank accounts or any means of storing their money or wealth.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="35"></span> Moreover, nearly all of these individuals live in developing countries where the economy is in its infancy and entirely dependent on cash.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_172-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_173-0"> These people are often paid in physical cash. They then need to store this physical cash in hidden locations in their homes or other places, incentivizing robbers or violence. While not impossible to steal, crypto makes it more difficult for would-be thieves. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_174-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_175-0"> Blockchains of the future are also looking for solutions to not only be a unit of account for wealth storage but also to store medical records, property rights, and a variety of other legal contracts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_176-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-drawbacks-of-blockchains"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_177-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Drawbacks of Blockchains </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_178-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Technology Cost </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_179-0"> Although blockchain can save users money on transaction fees, the technology is far from free. For example, the Bitcoin network's proof-of-work system to validate transactions consumes vast amounts of computational power. In the real world, the energy consumed by the millions of devices on the Bitcoin network is more than Pakistan consumes annually.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="48"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_180-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_181-0"> Some solutions to these issues are beginning to arise. For example, bitcoin-mining farms have been set up to use solar power, excess natural gas from fracking sites, or energy from wind farms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_182-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_183-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Speed and Data Inefficiency </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_184-0"> Bitcoin is a perfect case study for the possible inefficiencies of blockchain. Bitcoin’s PoW system takes about 10 minutes to add a new block to the blockchain. At that rate, it’s estimated that the blockchain network can only manage about three transactions per second (TPS).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="53"></span> Although other cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, perform better than Bitcoin, blockchain still limits them. Legacy brand Visa, for context, can process 65,000 TPS.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="42"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_185-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_186-0"> Solutions to this issue have been in development for years. There are currently blockchains that boast more than 30,000 TPS.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="43"></span> Ethereum's merge between its main net and beacon chain (Sep. 15, 2022) is predicted to allow up to 100,000 TPS after it rolls out a series of upgrades that include sharding—a splitting of the database so that more devices (phones, tablets, and laptops) can run Ethereum. This is expected to increase network participation, reduce congestion, and increase transaction speeds.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="49"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_187-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_188-0"> The other issue is that each block can only hold so much data. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tech/history-bitcoin-hard-forks/">block size debate</a> has been and continues to be one of the most pressing issues for the scalability of blockchains going forward. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_189-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_190-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Illegal Activity </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_191-0"> While confidentiality on the blockchain network protects users from hacks and preserves privacy, it also allows for illegal trading and activity on the blockchain network. The most cited example of blockchain being used for illicit transactions is probably the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/silk-road.asp">Silk Road</a>, an online dark web illegal-drug and money laundering marketplace operating from February 2011 until October 2013, when the FBI shut it down.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="28"></span>  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_192-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_193-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dark-web.asp">dark web</a> allows users to buy and sell illegal goods without being tracked by using the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tor.asp">Tor Browser</a> and make illicit purchases in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. This is in stark contrast to U.S. regulations, which require financial service providers to obtain information about their customers when they open an account. They are supposed to verify the identity of each customer and confirm that they do not appear on any list of known or suspected terrorist organizations.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="44"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_194-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_195-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_196-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_5-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_5-0"><p>Illicit activity accounted for only 0.24% of all cryptocurrency <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-taproot-upgrade-5210039">transactions</a> in 2022.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="51"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_197-0"> This system can be seen as both a pro and a con. It gives anyone access to financial accounts, but allows criminals to transact more easily. Many have argued that the good uses of crypto, like banking the unbanked world, outweigh the bad uses of cryptocurrency, especially when most illegal activity is still accomplished through untraceable cash. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_198-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_199-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Regulation </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_200-0"> Many in the crypto space have expressed concerns about government regulation over cryptocurrencies. While it is getting increasingly difficult and near impossible to end something like Bitcoin as its decentralized network grows, governments could theoretically make it illegal to own cryptocurrencies or participate in their networks.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_201-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_202-0"> This concern has grown smaller over time as large companies like PayPal begin to allow customers to use cryptocurrencies on their e-commerce platforms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_203-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_204-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-blockchain-in-simple-terms"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Blockchain in Simple Terms?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Simply put, a blockchain is a shared database or ledger. Pieces of data are stored in data structures known as blocks, and each network node has a replica of the entire database. Security is ensured since the majority will not accept this change if somebody tries to edit or delete an entry in one copy of the ledger.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_205-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_206-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-many-blockchains-are-there"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Many Blockchains Are There?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The number of live blockchains is growing every day at an ever-increasing pace. As of 2023, there are more than 23,000 active cryptocurrencies based on blockchain, with several hundred more non-cryptocurrency blockchains.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="32"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_207-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_208-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-whats-the-difference-between-a-private-blockchain-and-a-public-blockchain"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What’s the Difference Between a Private Blockchain and a Public Blockchain?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A public blockchain, also known as an open or permissionless blockchain, is one where anybody can join the network freely and establish a node. Because of their open nature, these blockchains must be secured with cryptography and a consensus system like proof of work (PoW). A private or permissioned blockchain, on the other hand, requires each node to be approved before joining. Because nodes are considered to be trusted, the layers of security do not need to be as robust.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_209-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_210-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_211-0"> With many practical applications for the technology already being implemented and explored, blockchain is finally making a name for itself in no small part because of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. As a buzzword on the tongue of every investor in the nation, blockchain stands to make business and government operations more accurate, efficient, secure, and cheap, with fewer middlemen. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_212-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_213-0"> As we head into the third decade of blockchain, it’s no longer a question of if legacy companies will catch on to the technology—it’s a question of when. Today, we see a proliferation of NFTs and the tokenization of assets. As a result, the next decades will prove to be a significant period of growth for blockchain. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_214-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_215-0"> <em>The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes online. Read our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer">warranty and liability disclaimer</a> for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own any of the assets discussed here.</em> </p></div>
## What Is a Blockchain? A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger [shared among a computer network](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftp-file-transfer-protocol.asp)'s nodes. They are best known for their crucial role in cryptocurrency systems for maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions, but they are not limited to cryptocurrency uses. Blockchains can be used to make data in any industry immutable—the term used to describe the inability to be altered. Because there is no way to change a block, the only trust needed is at the point where a user or program enters data. This aspect reduces the need for trusted third parties, which are usually auditors or other humans that add costs and make mistakes. Since Bitcoin's introduction in 2009, blockchain uses have exploded via the creation of various cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contracts. ### Key Takeaways * Blockchain is a type of shared database that differs from a typical database in the way it stores information; blockchains store data in blocks linked together via cryptography. * Different types of information can be stored on a blockchain, but the most common use for transactions has been as a ledger. * In Bitcoin’s case, blockchain is decentralized so that no single person or group has control—instead, all users collectively retain control. * Decentralized blockchains are immutable, which means that the data entered is irreversible. For Bitcoin, transactions are permanently recorded and viewable to anyone. ![Blockchain]() ![Blockchain](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/pzT2wbISy-wNtMypVlBjr39dydg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Blockchain_final-086b5b7b9ef74ecf9f20fe627dba1e34.png) Investopedia / Xiaojie Liu ## How Does a Blockchain Work? You might be familiar with spreadsheets or databases. A blockchain is somewhat similar because it is a database where information is entered and stored. But the key difference between a traditional database or spreadsheet and a blockchain is how the data is structured and accessed. A blockchain consists of programs called scripts that conduct the tasks you usually would in a database: Entering and accessing information and [saving and storing it somewhere](https://www.investopedia.com/10-biggest-blockchain-companies-5213784). A blockchain is distributed, which means multiple copies are saved on many machines, and they must all match for it to be valid. The blockchain collects transaction information and enters it into a [block](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/block-bitcoin-block.asp), like a cell in a spreadsheet containing information. Once it is full, the information is run through an encryption algorithm, which creates a hexadecimal number called the hash. The hash is then entered into the following block header and encrypted with the other information in the block. This creates a series of blocks that are chained together. ### Transaction Process Transactions follow a specific process, depending on the blockchain they are taking place on. For example, on Bitcoin's blockchain, if you initiate a transaction using your cryptocurrency wallet—the application that provides an interface for the blockchain—it starts a sequence of events. In Bitcoin, your transaction is sent to a memory pool, where it is stored and queued until a miner or validator picks it up. Once it is entered into a block and the block fills up with transactions, it is closed and encrypted using an encryption algorithm. Then, the mining begins. ![Blockchain]() ![Blockchain](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/XrimO6cL95A3j-ts3PknnOXn8EI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_Final_Blockchain_Sep_2020-01-60f31a638c4944abbcfde92e1a408a30.jpg) The entire network works simultaneously, trying to "solve" the hash. Each one generates a random hash except for the "nonce," short for number used once. Every miner starts with a nonce of zero, which is appended to their randomly-generated hash. If that number isn't equal to or less than the target hash, a value of one is added to the nonce, and a new block hash is generated. This continues until a miner generates a valid hash, winning the race and receiving the reward. ### Generating random hashes until a specific value is found is the "proof-of-work" you hear so much about—it "proves" the miner did the work. The amount of work it takes to validate the hash is why the Bitcoin network consumes so much computational power and energy. Once a block is closed, a transaction is complete. However, the block is not considered to be confirmed until five other blocks have been validated. [Confirmation takes the network about one hour](https://www.investopedia.com/what-are-layer-1-and-layer-2-blockchain-scaling-solutions-7104877) to complete because it averages just under 10 minutes per block (the first block with your transaction and five following blocks multiplied by 10 equals about 60 minutes). Not all blockchains follow this process. For instance, the Ethereum network randomly chooses one validator from all users with ether staked to validate blocks, which are then confirmed by the network. This is much faster and less energy intensive than Bitcoin's process. ## Blockchain Decentralization A blockchain allows the data in a database to be spread out among several network nodes—computers or devices running software for the blockchain—at various locations. This not only creates redundancy but maintains the fidelity of the data. For example, if someone tries to alter a record at one instance of the database, the other nodes would prevent it from happening. This way, no single node within the network can alter information held within it. Because of this distribution—and the encrypted proof that work was done—the information and history (like the transactions in cryptocurrency) are irreversible. Such a record could be a list of transactions (such as with a cryptocurrency), but it also is possible for a blockchain to hold a variety of other information like legal contracts, state identifications, or a company’s inventory. ## Blockchain Transparency Because of the decentralized nature of the Bitcoin blockchain, all transactions can be transparently viewed by either having a personal node or using [blockchain explorers](https://www.blockchain.com/explorer?utm_campaign=dcomnav_explorer) that allow anyone to see transactions occurring live. Each node has its own copy of the chain that gets updated as fresh blocks are confirmed and added. This means that if you wanted to, you could track a bitcoin wherever it goes.  For example, exchanges have been hacked in the past, resulting in the loss of large amounts of cryptocurrency. While the hackers may have been anonymous—except for their wallet address—the crypto they extracted are easily traceable because the wallet addresses are published on the blockchain. Of course, the records stored in the Bitcoin blockchain (as well as most others) are encrypted. This means that only the person assigned an address can reveal their identity. As a result, blockchain users can remain anonymous while preserving transparency. ## Is Blockchain Secure? Blockchain technology achieves decentralized security and trust in several ways. To begin with, new blocks are always stored linearly and chronologically. That is, they are always added to the “end” of the blockchain. After a block has been added to the end of the blockchain, previous blocks cannot be changed. A change in any data changes the hash of the block it was in. Because each block contains the previous block's hash, a change in one would change the following blocks. The network would reject an altered block because the hashes would not match. ### Not all blockchains are 100% impenetrable. They are distributed ledgers that use code to create the security level they have become known for. If there are vulnerabilities in the coding, they can be exploited. For instance, imagine that a hacker runs a node on a blockchain network and wants to alter a blockchain and steal cryptocurrency from everyone else. If they were to change their copy, they would have to convince the other nodes that their copy was the valid one. They would need to control a majority of the network to do this and insert it at just the right moment. This is known as a 51% attack because you need to control more than 50% of the network to attempt it. Timing would be everything in this type of attack—by the time the hacker takes any action, the network is likely to have moved past the blocks they were trying to alter. This is because the rate at which these networks hash is exceptionally fast—the Bitcoin network hashed at 348.1 exahashes per second (18 zeros) on April 21, 2023. ## Bitcoin vs. Blockchain Blockchain technology was first outlined in 1991 by Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta, two researchers who wanted to implement a system where document timestamps could not be tampered with. But it wasn’t until almost two decades later, with the launch of Bitcoin in January 2009, that [blockchain had its first real-world application](https://www.investopedia.com/news/what-genesis-block-bitcoin-terms/). The Bitcoin protocol is built on a blockchain. In a research paper introducing the digital currency, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, [Satoshi Nakamoto](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/satoshi-nakamoto.asp), referred to it as “a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.” The key thing to understand is that Bitcoin uses blockchain as a means to transparently record a ledger of payments or other transactions between parties. ### Blockchain Blockchain can be used to immutably record any number of data points. This could be in the form of transactions, votes in an election, product inventories, state identifications, deeds to homes, and much more.  Currently, tens of thousands of projects are looking to implement blockchains in various ways to help society other than just recording transactions—for example, as a way to vote securely in democratic elections. The nature of blockchain’s immutability means that fraudulent voting would become far more difficult. For example, a voting system could work such that each country's citizens would be issued a single cryptocurrency or token. Each candidate would then be given a specific wallet address, and the voters would send their token or crypto to the address of whichever candidate for whom they wish to vote. The transparent and traceable nature of blockchain would eliminate the need for human vote counting and the ability of bad actors to tamper with physical ballots. ## Blockchain vs. Banks Blockchains have been heralded as a disruptive force in the finance sector, especially with the functions of payments and banking. However, banks and decentralized blockchains are vastly different. To see how a bank differs from blockchain, let’s compare the banking system to Bitcoin’s blockchain implementation. ## How Are Blockchains Used? As we now know, blocks on Bitcoin’s blockchain store transactional data. Today, more than 23,000 other cryptocurrency systems are running on a blockchain. But it turns out that blockchain is a reliable way of storing data about other types of transactions. Some companies experimenting with blockchain include Walmart, Pfizer, AIG, Siemens, and Unilever, among others. For example, IBM has created its Food Trust blockchain to trace the journey that food products take to get to their locations. Why do this? The food industry has seen countless outbreaks of E. coli, salmonella, and listeria; in some cases, hazardous materials were accidentally introduced to foods. In the past, it has taken weeks to find the source of these outbreaks or the cause of sickness from what people are eating. Using blockchain allows brands to track a food product’s route from its origin, through each stop it makes, to delivery. Not only that, but these companies can also now see everything else it may have come in contact with, allowing the identification of the problem to occur far sooner—potentially saving lives. This is one example of blockchain in practice, but many other forms of blockchain implementation exist. ### Banking and Finance Perhaps no industry stands to benefit from integrating blockchain into its business operations more than banking. Financial institutions only operate during business hours, usually five days a week. That means if you try to deposit a check on Friday at 6 p.m., you will likely have to wait until Monday morning to see that money hit your account. Even if you make your deposit during business hours, the transaction can still take one to three days to verify due to the sheer volume of transactions that banks need to settle. Blockchain, on the other hand, never sleeps. By integrating blockchain into banks, consumers might see their transactions processed in minutes or seconds—the time it takes to add a block to the blockchain, regardless of holidays or the time of day or week. With blockchain, banks also have the opportunity to exchange funds between institutions more quickly and securely. Given the size of the sums involved, even the few days the money is in transit can carry significant costs and risks for banks. The settlement and clearing process for stock traders can take up to three days (or longer if trading internationally), meaning that the money and shares are frozen for that period. Blockchain could drastically reduce that time. ### Currency Blockchain forms the bedrock for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The U.S. dollar is controlled by the Federal Reserve. Under this central authority system, a user’s data and currency are technically at the whim of their bank or government. If a user’s bank is hacked, the client’s private information is at risk. If the client’s bank collapses or the client [lives in a country with an unstable government](https://www.investopedia.com/tech/how-blockchain-can-help-failing-economies/), the value of their currency may be at risk. In 2008, several failing banks were bailed out—partially using taxpayer money. These are the worries out of which Bitcoin was first conceived and developed. ### Blockchain can also give those in countries with unstable currencies or financial infrastructures a more stable currency and financial system. They would have access to more applications and a wider network of individuals and institutions with whom they can do domestic and international business. By spreading its operations across a network of computers, blockchain allows Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to operate without the need for a central authority. This not only reduces risk but also the processing and transaction fees. Using [cryptocurrency wallets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-wallet.asp) for savings accounts or as a means of payment is especially profound for those without state identification. Some countries may be war-torn or have governments lacking any real identification infrastructure. Citizens of such countries may not have access to savings or brokerage accounts—and, therefore, no way to safely store wealth. ### Healthcare Healthcare providers can leverage blockchain to store their patients’ medical records securely. When a medical record is generated and signed, it can be written into the blockchain, which provides patients with the proof and confidence that the record cannot be changed. These personal health records could be encoded and stored on the blockchain with a private key so that they are only accessible to specific individuals, thereby ensuring privacy. ### Property Records If you have ever spent time in your local Recorder’s Office, you will know that recording property rights is both burdensome and inefficient. Today, a physical deed must be delivered to a government employee at the local recording office, where it is manually entered into the county’s central database and public index. In the case of a property dispute, claims to the property must be reconciled with the public index. This process is not just costly and time-consuming, it is also prone to human error, where each inaccuracy makes tracking property ownership less efficient. Blockchain has the potential to eliminate the need for scanning documents and tracking down physical files in a local recording office. If property ownership is stored and verified on the blockchain, owners can trust that their deed is accurate and permanently recorded. In war-torn countries or areas with little to no government or financial infrastructure and no Recorder’s Office, proving property ownership can be nearly impossible. If a group of people living in such an area can leverage blockchain, then transparent and clear timelines of property ownership could be established. ### Smart Contracts A smart contract is a computer code that can be built into the blockchain to facilitate a contract agreement. Smart contracts operate under a set of conditions to which users agree. When those conditions are met, the terms of the agreement are automatically carried out. Say, for example, that a potential tenant would like to lease an apartment using a smart contract. The landlord agrees to give the tenant the door code to the apartment as soon as the tenant pays the security deposit. The smart contract would automatically send the door code to the tenant when it was paid. It could also be programmed to change the code if rent wasn't paid or other conditions were met. ### Supply Chains As in the IBM Food Trust example, suppliers can use blockchain to record the origins of materials that they have purchased. This would allow companies to verify the authenticity of not only their products but also common labels such as “Organic,” “Local,” and “Fair Trade.” As reported by Forbes, the food industry is increasingly adopting the use of blockchain to track the path and safety of food throughout the farm-to-user journey. ### Voting As mentioned above, blockchain could facilitate a modern voting system. Voting with blockchain carries the potential to eliminate election fraud and boost voter turnout, as was tested in the November 2018 midterm elections in West Virginia. Using blockchain in this way would make votes nearly impossible to tamper with. The blockchain protocol would also maintain transparency in the electoral process, reducing the personnel needed to conduct an election and providing officials with nearly instant results. This would eliminate the need for recounts or any real concern that fraud might threaten the election. ## Pros and Cons of Blockchain For all of its complexity, blockchain’s potential as a decentralized form of record-keeping is almost without limit. From greater user privacy and heightened security to lower processing fees and fewer errors, blockchain technology may very well see applications beyond those outlined above. But there are also some disadvantages. Pros * Improved accuracy by removing human involvement in verification * Cost reductions by eliminating third-party verification * Decentralization makes it harder to tamper with * Transactions are secure, private, and efficient * Transparent technology * Provides a banking alternative and a way to secure personal information for citizens of countries with unstable or underdeveloped governments Cons * Significant technology cost associated with some blockchains * Low transactions per second * History of use in illicit activities, such as on the dark web * Regulation varies by jurisdiction and remains uncertain * Data storage limitations ## Benefits of Blockchains ### Accuracy of the Chain Transactions on the blockchain network are approved by thousands of computers and devices. This removes almost all people from the verification process, resulting in less human error and an accurate record of information. Even if a computer on the network were to make a computational mistake, the error would only be made to one copy of the blockchain and not be accepted by the rest of the network. ### Cost Reductions Typically, consumers pay a bank to verify a transaction or a notary to sign a document. Blockchain eliminates the need for third-party verification—and, with it, their associated costs. For example, business owners incur a small fee when they accept credit card payments because banks and payment-processing companies have to process those transactions. Bitcoin, on the other hand, does not have a central authority and has limited transaction fees. ### Decentralization Blockchain does not store any of its information in a central location. Instead, the blockchain is copied and spread across a network of computers. Whenever a new block is added to the blockchain, every computer on the network updates its blockchain to reflect the change. By spreading that information across a network, rather than storing it in one central database, blockchain becomes more difficult to tamper with. ### Efficient Transactions Transactions placed through a central authority can take up to a few days to settle. If you attempt to deposit a check on Friday evening, for example, you may not actually see funds in your account until Monday morning. Financial institutions operate during business hours, usually five days a week—but a blockchain works 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and 365 days a year. On some blockchains, transactions can be completed in minutes and considered secure after just a few. This is particularly useful for [cross-border](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/09/currency-cross-triangulation.asp) trades, which usually take much longer because of time zone issues and the fact that all parties must confirm payment processing. ### Private Transactions Many blockchain networks operate as public databases, meaning anyone with an internet connection can view a list of the network’s transaction history. Although users can access transaction details, they cannot access identifying information about the users making those transactions. It is a common misperception that blockchain networks like Bitcoin are fully anonymous; they are actually pseudonymous because there is a viewable address that can be associated with a user if the information gets out. ### Secure Transactions Once a transaction is recorded, its authenticity must be verified by the blockchain network. After the transaction is validated, it is added to the blockchain block. Each block on the blockchain contains its unique hash and the unique hash of the block before it. Therefore, the blocks cannot be altered once the network confirms them. ### Transparency Most blockchains are entirely open-source software. This means that everyone can view its code. This gives auditors the ability to review cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin for security. However, it also means there is no real authority on who controls Bitcoin’s code or how it is edited. Because of this, anyone can suggest changes or upgrades to the system. If a majority of the network users agree that the new version of the code with the upgrade is sound and worthwhile, then Bitcoin can be updated. ### Banking the Unbanked Perhaps the most profound facet of blockchain and cryptocurrency is the ability for anyone, regardless of ethnicity, gender, location, or cultural background to use it. According to The World Bank, an estimated 1.3 billion adults do not have bank accounts or any means of storing their money or wealth. Moreover, nearly all of these individuals live in developing countries where the economy is in its infancy and entirely dependent on cash.  These people are often paid in physical cash. They then need to store this physical cash in hidden locations in their homes or other places, incentivizing robbers or violence. While not impossible to steal, crypto makes it more difficult for would-be thieves. Blockchains of the future are also looking for solutions to not only be a unit of account for wealth storage but also to store medical records, property rights, and a variety of other legal contracts. ## Drawbacks of Blockchains ### Technology Cost Although blockchain can save users money on transaction fees, the technology is far from free. For example, the Bitcoin network's proof-of-work system to validate transactions consumes vast amounts of computational power. In the real world, the energy consumed by the millions of devices on the Bitcoin network is more than Pakistan consumes annually. Some solutions to these issues are beginning to arise. For example, bitcoin-mining farms have been set up to use solar power, excess natural gas from fracking sites, or energy from wind farms. ### Speed and Data Inefficiency Bitcoin is a perfect case study for the possible inefficiencies of blockchain. Bitcoin’s PoW system takes about 10 minutes to add a new block to the blockchain. At that rate, it’s estimated that the blockchain network can only manage about three transactions per second (TPS). Although other cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, perform better than Bitcoin, blockchain still limits them. Legacy brand Visa, for context, can process 65,000 TPS. Solutions to this issue have been in development for years. There are currently blockchains that boast more than 30,000 TPS. Ethereum's merge between its main net and beacon chain (Sep. 15, 2022) is predicted to allow up to 100,000 TPS after it rolls out a series of upgrades that include sharding—a splitting of the database so that more devices (phones, tablets, and laptops) can run Ethereum. This is expected to increase network participation, reduce congestion, and increase transaction speeds. The other issue is that each block can only hold so much data. The [block size debate](https://www.investopedia.com/tech/history-bitcoin-hard-forks/) has been and continues to be one of the most pressing issues for the scalability of blockchains going forward. ### Illegal Activity While confidentiality on the blockchain network protects users from hacks and preserves privacy, it also allows for illegal trading and activity on the blockchain network. The most cited example of blockchain being used for illicit transactions is probably the [Silk Road](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/silk-road.asp), an online dark web illegal-drug and money laundering marketplace operating from February 2011 until October 2013, when the FBI shut it down.  The [dark web](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dark-web.asp) allows users to buy and sell illegal goods without being tracked by using the [Tor Browser](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tor.asp) and make illicit purchases in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. This is in stark contrast to U.S. regulations, which require financial service providers to obtain information about their customers when they open an account. They are supposed to verify the identity of each customer and confirm that they do not appear on any list of known or suspected terrorist organizations. ### Illicit activity accounted for only 0.24% of all cryptocurrency [transactions](https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-taproot-upgrade-5210039) in 2022. This system can be seen as both a pro and a con. It gives anyone access to financial accounts, but allows criminals to transact more easily. Many have argued that the good uses of crypto, like banking the unbanked world, outweigh the bad uses of cryptocurrency, especially when most illegal activity is still accomplished through untraceable cash. ### Regulation Many in the crypto space have expressed concerns about government regulation over cryptocurrencies. While it is getting increasingly difficult and near impossible to end something like Bitcoin as its decentralized network grows, governments could theoretically make it illegal to own cryptocurrencies or participate in their networks.  This concern has grown smaller over time as large companies like PayPal begin to allow customers to use cryptocurrencies on their e-commerce platforms. ## What Is a Blockchain in Simple Terms? Simply put, a blockchain is a shared database or ledger. Pieces of data are stored in data structures known as blocks, and each network node has a replica of the entire database. Security is ensured since the majority will not accept this change if somebody tries to edit or delete an entry in one copy of the ledger. ## How Many Blockchains Are There? The number of live blockchains is growing every day at an ever-increasing pace. As of 2023, there are more than 23,000 active cryptocurrencies based on blockchain, with several hundred more non-cryptocurrency blockchains. ## What’s the Difference Between a Private Blockchain and a Public Blockchain? A public blockchain, also known as an open or permissionless blockchain, is one where anybody can join the network freely and establish a node. Because of their open nature, these blockchains must be secured with cryptography and a consensus system like proof of work (PoW). A private or permissioned blockchain, on the other hand, requires each node to be approved before joining. Because nodes are considered to be trusted, the layers of security do not need to be as robust. ## The Bottom Line With many practical applications for the technology already being implemented and explored, blockchain is finally making a name for itself in no small part because of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. As a buzzword on the tongue of every investor in the nation, blockchain stands to make business and government operations more accurate, efficient, secure, and cheap, with fewer middlemen. As we head into the third decade of blockchain, it’s no longer a question of if legacy companies will catch on to the technology—it’s a question of when. Today, we see a proliferation of NFTs and the tokenization of assets. As a result, the next decades will prove to be a significant period of growth for blockchain. *The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes online. Read our [warranty and liability disclaimer](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer) for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own any of the assets discussed here.*
What Is a Blockchain? A blockchain is a distributed database or ledger shared among a computer network's nodes. They are best known for their crucial role in cryptocurrency systems for maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions, but they are not limited to cryptocurrency uses. Blockchains can be used to make data in any industry immutable—the term used to describe the inability to be altered. Because there is no way to change a block, the only trust needed is at the point where a user or program enters data. This aspect reduces the need for trusted third parties, which are usually auditors or other humans that add costs and make mistakes. Since Bitcoin's introduction in 2009, blockchain uses have exploded via the creation of various cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contracts. Key Takeaways Blockchain is a type of shared database that differs from a typical database in the way it stores information; blockchains store data in blocks linked together via cryptography.Different types of information can be stored on a blockchain, but the most common use for transactions has been as a ledger. In Bitcoin’s case, blockchain is decentralized so that no single person or group has control—instead, all users collectively retain control.Decentralized blockchains are immutable, which means that the data entered is irreversible. For Bitcoin, transactions are permanently recorded and viewable to anyone. Investopedia / Xiaojie Liu How Does a Blockchain Work? You might be familiar with spreadsheets or databases. A blockchain is somewhat similar because it is a database where information is entered and stored. But the key difference between a traditional database or spreadsheet and a blockchain is how the data is structured and accessed. A blockchain consists of programs called scripts that conduct the tasks you usually would in a database: Entering and accessing information and saving and storing it somewhere. A blockchain is distributed, which means multiple copies are saved on many machines, and they must all match for it to be valid. The blockchain collects transaction information and enters it into a block, like a cell in a spreadsheet containing information. Once it is full, the information is run through an encryption algorithm, which creates a hexadecimal number called the hash. The hash is then entered into the following block header and encrypted with the other information in the block. This creates a series of blocks that are chained together. Transaction Process Transactions follow a specific process, depending on the blockchain they are taking place on. For example, on Bitcoin's blockchain, if you initiate a transaction using your cryptocurrency wallet—the application that provides an interface for the blockchain—it starts a sequence of events. In Bitcoin, your transaction is sent to a memory pool, where it is stored and queued until a miner or validator picks it up. Once it is entered into a block and the block fills up with transactions, it is closed and encrypted using an encryption algorithm. Then, the mining begins. The entire network works simultaneously, trying to "solve" the hash. Each one generates a random hash except for the "nonce," short for number used once. Every miner starts with a nonce of zero, which is appended to their randomly-generated hash. If that number isn't equal to or less than the target hash, a value of one is added to the nonce, and a new block hash is generated. This continues until a miner generates a valid hash, winning the race and receiving the reward. Generating random hashes until a specific value is found is the "proof-of-work" you hear so much about—it "proves" the miner did the work. The amount of work it takes to validate the hash is why the Bitcoin network consumes so much computational power and energy. Once a block is closed, a transaction is complete. However, the block is not considered to be confirmed until five other blocks have been validated. Confirmation takes the network about one hour to complete because it averages just under 10 minutes per block (the first block with your transaction and five following blocks multiplied by 10 equals about 60 minutes). Not all blockchains follow this process. For instance, the Ethereum network randomly chooses one validator from all users with ether staked to validate blocks, which are then confirmed by the network. This is much faster and less energy intensive than Bitcoin's process. Blockchain Decentralization A blockchain allows the data in a database to be spread out among several network nodes—computers or devices running software for the blockchain—at various locations. This not only creates redundancy but maintains the fidelity of the data. For example, if someone tries to alter a record at one instance of the database, the other nodes would prevent it from happening. This way, no single node within the network can alter information held within it. Because of this distribution—and the encrypted proof that work was done—the information and history (like the transactions in cryptocurrency) are irreversible. Such a record could be a list of transactions (such as with a cryptocurrency), but it also is possible for a blockchain to hold a variety of other information like legal contracts, state identifications, or a company’s inventory. Blockchain Transparency Because of the decentralized nature of the Bitcoin blockchain, all transactions can be transparently viewed by either having a personal node or using blockchain explorers that allow anyone to see transactions occurring live. Each node has its own copy of the chain that gets updated as fresh blocks are confirmed and added. This means that if you wanted to, you could track a bitcoin wherever it goes.  For example, exchanges have been hacked in the past, resulting in the loss of large amounts of cryptocurrency. While the hackers may have been anonymous—except for their wallet address—the crypto they extracted are easily traceable because the wallet addresses are published on the blockchain. Of course, the records stored in the Bitcoin blockchain (as well as most others) are encrypted. This means that only the person assigned an address can reveal their identity. As a result, blockchain users can remain anonymous while preserving transparency. Is Blockchain Secure? Blockchain technology achieves decentralized security and trust in several ways. To begin with, new blocks are always stored linearly and chronologically. That is, they are always added to the “end” of the blockchain. After a block has been added to the end of the blockchain, previous blocks cannot be changed. A change in any data changes the hash of the block it was in. Because each block contains the previous block's hash, a change in one would change the following blocks. The network would reject an altered block because the hashes would not match. Not all blockchains are 100% impenetrable. They are distributed ledgers that use code to create the security level they have become known for. If there are vulnerabilities in the coding, they can be exploited. For instance, imagine that a hacker runs a node on a blockchain network and wants to alter a blockchain and steal cryptocurrency from everyone else. If they were to change their copy, they would have to convince the other nodes that their copy was the valid one. They would need to control a majority of the network to do this and insert it at just the right moment. This is known as a 51% attack because you need to control more than 50% of the network to attempt it. Timing would be everything in this type of attack—by the time the hacker takes any action, the network is likely to have moved past the blocks they were trying to alter. This is because the rate at which these networks hash is exceptionally fast—the Bitcoin network hashed at 348.1 exahashes per second (18 zeros) on April 21, 2023. Bitcoin vs. Blockchain Blockchain technology was first outlined in 1991 by Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta, two researchers who wanted to implement a system where document timestamps could not be tampered with. But it wasn’t until almost two decades later, with the launch of Bitcoin in January 2009, that blockchain had its first real-world application. The Bitcoin protocol is built on a blockchain. In a research paper introducing the digital currency, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, referred to it as “a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.” The key thing to understand is that Bitcoin uses blockchain as a means to transparently record a ledger of payments or other transactions between parties. Blockchain Blockchain can be used to immutably record any number of data points. This could be in the form of transactions, votes in an election, product inventories, state identifications, deeds to homes, and much more.  Currently, tens of thousands of projects are looking to implement blockchains in various ways to help society other than just recording transactions—for example, as a way to vote securely in democratic elections. The nature of blockchain’s immutability means that fraudulent voting would become far more difficult. For example, a voting system could work such that each country's citizens would be issued a single cryptocurrency or token. Each candidate would then be given a specific wallet address, and the voters would send their token or crypto to the address of whichever candidate for whom they wish to vote. The transparent and traceable nature of blockchain would eliminate the need for human vote counting and the ability of bad actors to tamper with physical ballots. Blockchain vs. Banks Blockchains have been heralded as a disruptive force in the finance sector, especially with the functions of payments and banking. However, banks and decentralized blockchains are vastly different. To see how a bank differs from blockchain, let’s compare the banking system to Bitcoin’s blockchain implementation. How Are Blockchains Used? As we now know, blocks on Bitcoin’s blockchain store transactional data. Today, more than 23,000 other cryptocurrency systems are running on a blockchain. But it turns out that blockchain is a reliable way of storing data about other types of transactions. Some companies experimenting with blockchain include Walmart, Pfizer, AIG, Siemens, and Unilever, among others. For example, IBM has created its Food Trust blockchain to trace the journey that food products take to get to their locations. Why do this? The food industry has seen countless outbreaks of E. coli, salmonella, and listeria; in some cases, hazardous materials were accidentally introduced to foods. In the past, it has taken weeks to find the source of these outbreaks or the cause of sickness from what people are eating. Using blockchain allows brands to track a food product’s route from its origin, through each stop it makes, to delivery. Not only that, but these companies can also now see everything else it may have come in contact with, allowing the identification of the problem to occur far sooner—potentially saving lives. This is one example of blockchain in practice, but many other forms of blockchain implementation exist. Banking and Finance Perhaps no industry stands to benefit from integrating blockchain into its business operations more than banking. Financial institutions only operate during business hours, usually five days a week. That means if you try to deposit a check on Friday at 6 p.m., you will likely have to wait until Monday morning to see that money hit your account. Even if you make your deposit during business hours, the transaction can still take one to three days to verify due to the sheer volume of transactions that banks need to settle. Blockchain, on the other hand, never sleeps. By integrating blockchain into banks, consumers might see their transactions processed in minutes or seconds—the time it takes to add a block to the blockchain, regardless of holidays or the time of day or week. With blockchain, banks also have the opportunity to exchange funds between institutions more quickly and securely. Given the size of the sums involved, even the few days the money is in transit can carry significant costs and risks for banks. The settlement and clearing process for stock traders can take up to three days (or longer if trading internationally), meaning that the money and shares are frozen for that period. Blockchain could drastically reduce that time. Currency Blockchain forms the bedrock for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The U.S. dollar is controlled by the Federal Reserve. Under this central authority system, a user’s data and currency are technically at the whim of their bank or government. If a user’s bank is hacked, the client’s private information is at risk. If the client’s bank collapses or the client lives in a country with an unstable government, the value of their currency may be at risk. In 2008, several failing banks were bailed out—partially using taxpayer money. These are the worries out of which Bitcoin was first conceived and developed. Blockchain can also give those in countries with unstable currencies or financial infrastructures a more stable currency and financial system. They would have access to more applications and a wider network of individuals and institutions with whom they can do domestic and international business. By spreading its operations across a network of computers, blockchain allows Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to operate without the need for a central authority. This not only reduces risk but also the processing and transaction fees. Using cryptocurrency wallets for savings accounts or as a means of payment is especially profound for those without state identification. Some countries may be war-torn or have governments lacking any real identification infrastructure. Citizens of such countries may not have access to savings or brokerage accounts—and, therefore, no way to safely store wealth. Healthcare Healthcare providers can leverage blockchain to store their patients’ medical records securely. When a medical record is generated and signed, it can be written into the blockchain, which provides patients with the proof and confidence that the record cannot be changed. These personal health records could be encoded and stored on the blockchain with a private key so that they are only accessible to specific individuals, thereby ensuring privacy. Property Records If you have ever spent time in your local Recorder’s Office, you will know that recording property rights is both burdensome and inefficient. Today, a physical deed must be delivered to a government employee at the local recording office, where it is manually entered into the county’s central database and public index. In the case of a property dispute, claims to the property must be reconciled with the public index. This process is not just costly and time-consuming, it is also prone to human error, where each inaccuracy makes tracking property ownership less efficient. Blockchain has the potential to eliminate the need for scanning documents and tracking down physical files in a local recording office. If property ownership is stored and verified on the blockchain, owners can trust that their deed is accurate and permanently recorded. In war-torn countries or areas with little to no government or financial infrastructure and no Recorder’s Office, proving property ownership can be nearly impossible. If a group of people living in such an area can leverage blockchain, then transparent and clear timelines of property ownership could be established. Smart Contracts A smart contract is a computer code that can be built into the blockchain to facilitate a contract agreement. Smart contracts operate under a set of conditions to which users agree. When those conditions are met, the terms of the agreement are automatically carried out. Say, for example, that a potential tenant would like to lease an apartment using a smart contract. The landlord agrees to give the tenant the door code to the apartment as soon as the tenant pays the security deposit. The smart contract would automatically send the door code to the tenant when it was paid. It could also be programmed to change the code if rent wasn't paid or other conditions were met. Supply Chains As in the IBM Food Trust example, suppliers can use blockchain to record the origins of materials that they have purchased. This would allow companies to verify the authenticity of not only their products but also common labels such as “Organic,” “Local,” and “Fair Trade.” As reported by Forbes, the food industry is increasingly adopting the use of blockchain to track the path and safety of food throughout the farm-to-user journey. Voting As mentioned above, blockchain could facilitate a modern voting system. Voting with blockchain carries the potential to eliminate election fraud and boost voter turnout, as was tested in the November 2018 midterm elections in West Virginia. Using blockchain in this way would make votes nearly impossible to tamper with. The blockchain protocol would also maintain transparency in the electoral process, reducing the personnel needed to conduct an election and providing officials with nearly instant results. This would eliminate the need for recounts or any real concern that fraud might threaten the election. Pros and Cons of Blockchain For all of its complexity, blockchain’s potential as a decentralized form of record-keeping is almost without limit. From greater user privacy and heightened security to lower processing fees and fewer errors, blockchain technology may very well see applications beyond those outlined above. But there are also some disadvantages. Pros Improved accuracy by removing human involvement in verification Cost reductions by eliminating third-party verification Decentralization makes it harder to tamper with Transactions are secure, private, and efficient Transparent technology Provides a banking alternative and a way to secure personal information for citizens of countries with unstable or underdeveloped governments Cons Significant technology cost associated with some blockchains Low transactions per second History of use in illicit activities, such as on the dark web Regulation varies by jurisdiction and remains uncertain Data storage limitations Benefits of Blockchains Accuracy of the Chain Transactions on the blockchain network are approved by thousands of computers and devices. This removes almost all people from the verification process, resulting in less human error and an accurate record of information. Even if a computer on the network were to make a computational mistake, the error would only be made to one copy of the blockchain and not be accepted by the rest of the network. Cost Reductions Typically, consumers pay a bank to verify a transaction or a notary to sign a document. Blockchain eliminates the need for third-party verification—and, with it, their associated costs. For example, business owners incur a small fee when they accept credit card payments because banks and payment-processing companies have to process those transactions. Bitcoin, on the other hand, does not have a central authority and has limited transaction fees. Decentralization Blockchain does not store any of its information in a central location. Instead, the blockchain is copied and spread across a network of computers. Whenever a new block is added to the blockchain, every computer on the network updates its blockchain to reflect the change. By spreading that information across a network, rather than storing it in one central database, blockchain becomes more difficult to tamper with. Efficient Transactions Transactions placed through a central authority can take up to a few days to settle. If you attempt to deposit a check on Friday evening, for example, you may not actually see funds in your account until Monday morning. Financial institutions operate during business hours, usually five days a week—but a blockchain works 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and 365 days a year. On some blockchains, transactions can be completed in minutes and considered secure after just a few. This is particularly useful for cross-border trades, which usually take much longer because of time zone issues and the fact that all parties must confirm payment processing. Private Transactions Many blockchain networks operate as public databases, meaning anyone with an internet connection can view a list of the network’s transaction history. Although users can access transaction details, they cannot access identifying information about the users making those transactions. It is a common misperception that blockchain networks like Bitcoin are fully anonymous; they are actually pseudonymous because there is a viewable address that can be associated with a user if the information gets out. Secure Transactions Once a transaction is recorded, its authenticity must be verified by the blockchain network. After the transaction is validated, it is added to the blockchain block. Each block on the blockchain contains its unique hash and the unique hash of the block before it. Therefore, the blocks cannot be altered once the network confirms them. Transparency Most blockchains are entirely open-source software. This means that everyone can view its code. This gives auditors the ability to review cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin for security. However, it also means there is no real authority on who controls Bitcoin’s code or how it is edited. Because of this, anyone can suggest changes or upgrades to the system. If a majority of the network users agree that the new version of the code with the upgrade is sound and worthwhile, then Bitcoin can be updated. Banking the Unbanked Perhaps the most profound facet of blockchain and cryptocurrency is the ability for anyone, regardless of ethnicity, gender, location, or cultural background to use it. According to The World Bank, an estimated 1.3 billion adults do not have bank accounts or any means of storing their money or wealth. Moreover, nearly all of these individuals live in developing countries where the economy is in its infancy and entirely dependent on cash.  These people are often paid in physical cash. They then need to store this physical cash in hidden locations in their homes or other places, incentivizing robbers or violence. While not impossible to steal, crypto makes it more difficult for would-be thieves. Blockchains of the future are also looking for solutions to not only be a unit of account for wealth storage but also to store medical records, property rights, and a variety of other legal contracts. Drawbacks of Blockchains Technology Cost Although blockchain can save users money on transaction fees, the technology is far from free. For example, the Bitcoin network's proof-of-work system to validate transactions consumes vast amounts of computational power. In the real world, the energy consumed by the millions of devices on the Bitcoin network is more than Pakistan consumes annually. Some solutions to these issues are beginning to arise. For example, bitcoin-mining farms have been set up to use solar power, excess natural gas from fracking sites, or energy from wind farms. Speed and Data Inefficiency Bitcoin is a perfect case study for the possible inefficiencies of blockchain. Bitcoin’s PoW system takes about 10 minutes to add a new block to the blockchain. At that rate, it’s estimated that the blockchain network can only manage about three transactions per second (TPS). Although other cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, perform better than Bitcoin, blockchain still limits them. Legacy brand Visa, for context, can process 65,000 TPS. Solutions to this issue have been in development for years. There are currently blockchains that boast more than 30,000 TPS. Ethereum's merge between its main net and beacon chain (Sep. 15, 2022) is predicted to allow up to 100,000 TPS after it rolls out a series of upgrades that include sharding—a splitting of the database so that more devices (phones, tablets, and laptops) can run Ethereum. This is expected to increase network participation, reduce congestion, and increase transaction speeds. The other issue is that each block can only hold so much data. The block size debate has been and continues to be one of the most pressing issues for the scalability of blockchains going forward. Illegal Activity While confidentiality on the blockchain network protects users from hacks and preserves privacy, it also allows for illegal trading and activity on the blockchain network. The most cited example of blockchain being used for illicit transactions is probably the Silk Road, an online dark web illegal-drug and money laundering marketplace operating from February 2011 until October 2013, when the FBI shut it down.  The dark web allows users to buy and sell illegal goods without being tracked by using the Tor Browser and make illicit purchases in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. This is in stark contrast to U.S. regulations, which require financial service providers to obtain information about their customers when they open an account. They are supposed to verify the identity of each customer and confirm that they do not appear on any list of known or suspected terrorist organizations. Illicit activity accounted for only 0.24% of all cryptocurrency transactions in 2022. This system can be seen as both a pro and a con. It gives anyone access to financial accounts, but allows criminals to transact more easily. Many have argued that the good uses of crypto, like banking the unbanked world, outweigh the bad uses of cryptocurrency, especially when most illegal activity is still accomplished through untraceable cash. Regulation Many in the crypto space have expressed concerns about government regulation over cryptocurrencies. While it is getting increasingly difficult and near impossible to end something like Bitcoin as its decentralized network grows, governments could theoretically make it illegal to own cryptocurrencies or participate in their networks.  This concern has grown smaller over time as large companies like PayPal begin to allow customers to use cryptocurrencies on their e-commerce platforms. What Is a Blockchain in Simple Terms? Simply put, a blockchain is a shared database or ledger. Pieces of data are stored in data structures known as blocks, and each network node has a replica of the entire database. Security is ensured since the majority will not accept this change if somebody tries to edit or delete an entry in one copy of the ledger. How Many Blockchains Are There? The number of live blockchains is growing every day at an ever-increasing pace. As of 2023, there are more than 23,000 active cryptocurrencies based on blockchain, with several hundred more non-cryptocurrency blockchains. What’s the Difference Between a Private Blockchain and a Public Blockchain? A public blockchain, also known as an open or permissionless blockchain, is one where anybody can join the network freely and establish a node. Because of their open nature, these blockchains must be secured with cryptography and a consensus system like proof of work (PoW). A private or permissioned blockchain, on the other hand, requires each node to be approved before joining. Because nodes are considered to be trusted, the layers of security do not need to be as robust. The Bottom Line With many practical applications for the technology already being implemented and explored, blockchain is finally making a name for itself in no small part because of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. As a buzzword on the tongue of every investor in the nation, blockchain stands to make business and government operations more accurate, efficient, secure, and cheap, with fewer middlemen. As we head into the third decade of blockchain, it’s no longer a question of if legacy companies will catch on to the technology—it’s a question of when. Today, we see a proliferation of NFTs and the tokenization of assets. As a result, the next decades will prove to be a significant period of growth for blockchain. The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes online. Read our warranty and liability disclaimer for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own any of the assets discussed here.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/06/peterlynch.asp
Pick Stocks Like Peter Lynch
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> In the early 1980s, a young portfolio manager named <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/peterlynch.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Peter Lynch</a> was becoming one of the most famous investors in the world, and for a very understandable reason – when he took over the Fidelity Magellan mutual fund in May of 1977 (his first job as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliomanager.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">portfolio manager</a>), the assets of the fund were $20 million. Between 1977 and 1990, he proceeded to turn it into the largest mutual fund in the world, outperforming the market by a mind-boggling 29% per year annualized!<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Lynch accomplished this by using very basic principles, which he was happy to share with just about anyone. Peter Lynch firmly believed that individual investors had inherent advantages over large institutions because the large firms either wouldn't or couldn't invest in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/small-cap.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">smaller-cap</a> companies that have yet to receive big attention from analysts or mutual funds. Whether you're a registered representative looking to find solid long-term picks for your clients or an individual investor striving to improve your returns, we'll introduce you how you can implement Lynch's time-tested strategy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-peter-lynchs-three-basic-investing-tenets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Peter Lynch's Three Basic Investing Tenets </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Once his stellar track record running the Magellan Fund gained the widespread attention that usually follows great performance, Lynch wrote several books outlining his philosophy on investing. They are great reads, but his core thesis can be summed up with three main tenets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 1. Only Buy What You Understand </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> According to Lynch, our greatest stock research tools are our eyes, ears and common sense. Lynch was proud of the fact that many of his great <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing-essentials-4689754" rel="noopener noreferrer">stock ideas</a> were discovered while walking through the grocery store or chatting casually with friends and family. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> We all have the ability to do first-hand analysis when we are watching TV, reading the newspaper, or listening to the radio. When we're driving down the street or traveling on vacation we can also be sniffing out new <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentideas.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">investment ideas</a>. After all, consumers represent two-thirds of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">gross domestic product</a> of the United States. In other words, most of the stock market is in the business of serving you, the individual consumer – if something attracts you as a consumer, it should also pique your interest as an investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 2. Always Do Your Homework </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> First-hand observations and anecdotal evidence are a great start, but all great ideas need to be followed up with smart research. Don't be confused by Peter Lynch's homespun simplicity when it comes to doing diligent research – rigorous research was a cornerstone of his success. When following up on the initial spark of a great idea, Lynch highlights several fundamental values that he expected to be met for any stock worth buying: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <li><strong>Percentage of Sales.<em> </em></strong>If there is a product or service that initially attracts you to the company, make sure that it comprises a high enough percentage of sales to be meaningful; a great product that only makes up 5% of sales isn't going to have more than a marginal impact on a company's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bottomline.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">bottom line</a>.</li> <li><strong>PEG Ratio.</strong> This ratio of valuation to earnings growth rate should be looked at to see how much expectation is built into the stock. You want to seek out companies with strong earnings growth and reasonable valuations – a strong grower with a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pegratio.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">PEG ratio</a> of two or more has that earnings growth already built into the stock price, leaving little room for error.</li> <li><strong>Favor companies with strong cash positions and below-average debt-to-equity ratios.</strong> Strong <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">cash flows</a> and prudent management of assets give the company options in all types of market environments.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 3. Invest for the Long Run </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Lynch has said that "absent a lot of surprises, stocks are relatively predictable over 10-20 years. As to whether they're going to be higher or lower in two or three years, you might as well flip a coin to decide." It may seem surprising to hear such words from a Wall Street legend, but it serves to highlight how fully he believed in his philosophies. He kept up his knowledge of the companies he owned, and as long as the story hadn't changed, he didn't sell. Lynch didn't try to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/markettiming.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">market time</a> or predict the direction of the overall economy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> In fact, Lynch once conducted a study to determine whether market timing was an effective strategy. According to the results of the study, if an investor had invested $1,000 a year on the absolute high day of the year for 30 years from 1965-1995, that investor would have earned a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compound.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">compounded</a> return of 10.6% for the 30-year period. If another investor also invests $1,000 a year every year for the same period on the lowest day of the year, this investor would earn an 11.7% compounded return over the 30-year period.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Therefore, after 30 years of the worst possible market timing, the first investor only trailed in his returns by 1.1% per year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> As a result, Lynch believes that trying to predict the short-term fluctuations of the market just isn't worth the effort. If the company is strong, it will earn more and the stock will appreciate in value. By keeping it simple, Lynch allowed his focus to go to the most important task – finding great companies. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Lynch coined the term "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tenbagger.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">tenbagger</a>" to describe a stock that goes up in value ten-fold, or 1000%. These are the stocks that he was looking for when running the Magellan fund. Rule No.1 to finding a tenbagger is not selling the stock when it has gone up 40% or even 100%. Many <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fundmanager.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">fund managers</a> these days look to trim or sell their winning stocks while adding to their losing positions. Peter Lynch felt that this amounted to "pulling the flowers and watering the weeds."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Even though he ran the risk of over-diversifying his fund (he owned thousands of stocks at certain times), Peter Lynch's performance and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockpick.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">stock-picking</a> ability stands for itself. He became a master at studying his environment and understanding the world both as it is and how it might be in the future. By applying his lessons and our own observations we can learn more about investing while interacting with our world, making the process of investing both more enjoyable and profitable. </p></div>
In the early 1980s, a young portfolio manager named [Peter Lynch](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/peterlynch.asp) was becoming one of the most famous investors in the world, and for a very understandable reason – when he took over the Fidelity Magellan mutual fund in May of 1977 (his first job as a [portfolio manager](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliomanager.asp)), the assets of the fund were $20 million. Between 1977 and 1990, he proceeded to turn it into the largest mutual fund in the world, outperforming the market by a mind-boggling 29% per year annualized! Lynch accomplished this by using very basic principles, which he was happy to share with just about anyone. Peter Lynch firmly believed that individual investors had inherent advantages over large institutions because the large firms either wouldn't or couldn't invest in [smaller-cap](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/small-cap.asp) companies that have yet to receive big attention from analysts or mutual funds. Whether you're a registered representative looking to find solid long-term picks for your clients or an individual investor striving to improve your returns, we'll introduce you how you can implement Lynch's time-tested strategy. ## Peter Lynch's Three Basic Investing Tenets Once his stellar track record running the Magellan Fund gained the widespread attention that usually follows great performance, Lynch wrote several books outlining his philosophy on investing. They are great reads, but his core thesis can be summed up with three main tenets. ### 1. Only Buy What You Understand According to Lynch, our greatest stock research tools are our eyes, ears and common sense. Lynch was proud of the fact that many of his great [stock ideas](https://www.investopedia.com/investing-essentials-4689754) were discovered while walking through the grocery store or chatting casually with friends and family. We all have the ability to do first-hand analysis when we are watching TV, reading the newspaper, or listening to the radio. When we're driving down the street or traveling on vacation we can also be sniffing out new [investment ideas](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentideas.asp). After all, consumers represent two-thirds of the [gross domestic product](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp) of the United States. In other words, most of the stock market is in the business of serving you, the individual consumer – if something attracts you as a consumer, it should also pique your interest as an investment. ### 2. Always Do Your Homework First-hand observations and anecdotal evidence are a great start, but all great ideas need to be followed up with smart research. Don't be confused by Peter Lynch's homespun simplicity when it comes to doing diligent research – rigorous research was a cornerstone of his success. When following up on the initial spark of a great idea, Lynch highlights several fundamental values that he expected to be met for any stock worth buying: * **Percentage of Sales.**If there is a product or service that initially attracts you to the company, make sure that it comprises a high enough percentage of sales to be meaningful; a great product that only makes up 5% of sales isn't going to have more than a marginal impact on a company's [bottom line](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bottomline.asp). * **PEG Ratio.** This ratio of valuation to earnings growth rate should be looked at to see how much expectation is built into the stock. You want to seek out companies with strong earnings growth and reasonable valuations – a strong grower with a [PEG ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pegratio.asp) of two or more has that earnings growth already built into the stock price, leaving little room for error. * **Favor companies with strong cash positions and below-average debt-to-equity ratios.** Strong [cash flows](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp) and prudent management of assets give the company options in all types of market environments. ### 3. Invest for the Long Run Lynch has said that "absent a lot of surprises, stocks are relatively predictable over 10-20 years. As to whether they're going to be higher or lower in two or three years, you might as well flip a coin to decide." It may seem surprising to hear such words from a Wall Street legend, but it serves to highlight how fully he believed in his philosophies. He kept up his knowledge of the companies he owned, and as long as the story hadn't changed, he didn't sell. Lynch didn't try to [market time](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/markettiming.asp) or predict the direction of the overall economy. In fact, Lynch once conducted a study to determine whether market timing was an effective strategy. According to the results of the study, if an investor had invested $1,000 a year on the absolute high day of the year for 30 years from 1965-1995, that investor would have earned a [compounded](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compound.asp) return of 10.6% for the 30-year period. If another investor also invests $1,000 a year every year for the same period on the lowest day of the year, this investor would earn an 11.7% compounded return over the 30-year period. Therefore, after 30 years of the worst possible market timing, the first investor only trailed in his returns by 1.1% per year. As a result, Lynch believes that trying to predict the short-term fluctuations of the market just isn't worth the effort. If the company is strong, it will earn more and the stock will appreciate in value. By keeping it simple, Lynch allowed his focus to go to the most important task – finding great companies. Lynch coined the term "[tenbagger](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tenbagger.asp)" to describe a stock that goes up in value ten-fold, or 1000%. These are the stocks that he was looking for when running the Magellan fund. Rule No.1 to finding a tenbagger is not selling the stock when it has gone up 40% or even 100%. Many [fund managers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fundmanager.asp) these days look to trim or sell their winning stocks while adding to their losing positions. Peter Lynch felt that this amounted to "pulling the flowers and watering the weeds." ## The Bottom Line Even though he ran the risk of over-diversifying his fund (he owned thousands of stocks at certain times), Peter Lynch's performance and [stock-picking](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockpick.asp) ability stands for itself. He became a master at studying his environment and understanding the world both as it is and how it might be in the future. By applying his lessons and our own observations we can learn more about investing while interacting with our world, making the process of investing both more enjoyable and profitable.
In the early 1980s, a young portfolio manager named Peter Lynch was becoming one of the most famous investors in the world, and for a very understandable reason – when he took over the Fidelity Magellan mutual fund in May of 1977 (his first job as a portfolio manager), the assets of the fund were $20 million. Between 1977 and 1990, he proceeded to turn it into the largest mutual fund in the world, outperforming the market by a mind-boggling 29% per year annualized! Lynch accomplished this by using very basic principles, which he was happy to share with just about anyone. Peter Lynch firmly believed that individual investors had inherent advantages over large institutions because the large firms either wouldn't or couldn't invest in smaller-cap companies that have yet to receive big attention from analysts or mutual funds. Whether you're a registered representative looking to find solid long-term picks for your clients or an individual investor striving to improve your returns, we'll introduce you how you can implement Lynch's time-tested strategy. Peter Lynch's Three Basic Investing Tenets Once his stellar track record running the Magellan Fund gained the widespread attention that usually follows great performance, Lynch wrote several books outlining his philosophy on investing. They are great reads, but his core thesis can be summed up with three main tenets. 1. Only Buy What You Understand According to Lynch, our greatest stock research tools are our eyes, ears and common sense. Lynch was proud of the fact that many of his great stock ideas were discovered while walking through the grocery store or chatting casually with friends and family. We all have the ability to do first-hand analysis when we are watching TV, reading the newspaper, or listening to the radio. When we're driving down the street or traveling on vacation we can also be sniffing out new investment ideas. After all, consumers represent two-thirds of the gross domestic product of the United States. In other words, most of the stock market is in the business of serving you, the individual consumer – if something attracts you as a consumer, it should also pique your interest as an investment. 2. Always Do Your Homework First-hand observations and anecdotal evidence are a great start, but all great ideas need to be followed up with smart research. Don't be confused by Peter Lynch's homespun simplicity when it comes to doing diligent research – rigorous research was a cornerstone of his success. When following up on the initial spark of a great idea, Lynch highlights several fundamental values that he expected to be met for any stock worth buying: Percentage of Sales. If there is a product or service that initially attracts you to the company, make sure that it comprises a high enough percentage of sales to be meaningful; a great product that only makes up 5% of sales isn't going to have more than a marginal impact on a company's bottom line. PEG Ratio. This ratio of valuation to earnings growth rate should be looked at to see how much expectation is built into the stock. You want to seek out companies with strong earnings growth and reasonable valuations – a strong grower with a PEG ratio of two or more has that earnings growth already built into the stock price, leaving little room for error. Favor companies with strong cash positions and below-average debt-to-equity ratios. Strong cash flows and prudent management of assets give the company options in all types of market environments. 3. Invest for the Long Run Lynch has said that "absent a lot of surprises, stocks are relatively predictable over 10-20 years. As to whether they're going to be higher or lower in two or three years, you might as well flip a coin to decide." It may seem surprising to hear such words from a Wall Street legend, but it serves to highlight how fully he believed in his philosophies. He kept up his knowledge of the companies he owned, and as long as the story hadn't changed, he didn't sell. Lynch didn't try to market time or predict the direction of the overall economy. In fact, Lynch once conducted a study to determine whether market timing was an effective strategy. According to the results of the study, if an investor had invested $1,000 a year on the absolute high day of the year for 30 years from 1965-1995, that investor would have earned a compounded return of 10.6% for the 30-year period. If another investor also invests $1,000 a year every year for the same period on the lowest day of the year, this investor would earn an 11.7% compounded return over the 30-year period. Therefore, after 30 years of the worst possible market timing, the first investor only trailed in his returns by 1.1% per year. As a result, Lynch believes that trying to predict the short-term fluctuations of the market just isn't worth the effort. If the company is strong, it will earn more and the stock will appreciate in value. By keeping it simple, Lynch allowed his focus to go to the most important task – finding great companies. Lynch coined the term "tenbagger" to describe a stock that goes up in value ten-fold, or 1000%. These are the stocks that he was looking for when running the Magellan fund. Rule No.1 to finding a tenbagger is not selling the stock when it has gone up 40% or even 100%. Many fund managers these days look to trim or sell their winning stocks while adding to their losing positions. Peter Lynch felt that this amounted to "pulling the flowers and watering the weeds." The Bottom Line Even though he ran the risk of over-diversifying his fund (he owned thousands of stocks at certain times), Peter Lynch's performance and stock-picking ability stands for itself. He became a master at studying his environment and understanding the world both as it is and how it might be in the future. By applying his lessons and our own observations we can learn more about investing while interacting with our world, making the process of investing both more enjoyable and profitable.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/government-regulations.asp
Government Regulations: Do They Help Businesses?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Many sectors of the business world have long complained about government regulation, denouncing rules as impediments to profits, economic efficiency, and job creation. Many firms have sought <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loophole.asp">loopholes</a>, moved operations abroad, or violated <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp">antitrust laws</a> as they attempted to skirt regulations. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> In reality, American businesses have both prospered and suffered due to rules and the complicated <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-code.asp">tax code</a>. The relationship between a firm and the government can be either collaborative or adversarial, depending on specific circumstances. Importantly, rules have also protected consumers from exploitative practices. Below, we'll look at some important government regulations to understand their impacts on businesses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Government regulation of the U.S. economy has expanded enormously over the past century, prompting complaints that interventions impede growth and efficiency.</li><li>Proponents of intervention say it’s necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts of unregulated commerce, which can include environmental damage and labor abuse.</li><li>Regulations can also support businesses, such as when they provide financial assistance or patent protection.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-business-regulations"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Business Regulations </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Congress passed the first antitrust law in 1890 and followed that with periodic changes in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatetax.asp">corporate tax</a> rates and increasingly complex regulations governing business.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> The business community has generally opposed laws, regulations, or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/levy.asp">tax levies</a> that it thinks impede operations and profitability. A common argument against overregulation and excessive taxation is that they impose a net cost on society in the long run. According to critics, government regulations slow <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disruptive-innovation.asp">disruptive innovations</a> and fail to adapt to changes in society. Businesses complain about many of these rules while also <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lobby.asp">lobbying</a> to have other rules changed in their favor. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Others argue that there are good reasons for regulation. In pursuit of profit, businesses have damaged the environment, abused workers, violated immigration laws, and defrauded consumers. Proponents say that is why publicly accountable elected officials are in charge of regulation in the first place. Furthermore, some rules are essential for civilized competitive businesses to flourish. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> We now have many entities and regulations to limit the alleged excesses of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freemarket.asp">free market</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-regulations-restraining-businesses"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Regulations Restraining Businesses </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Sarbanes-Oxley </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> In the wake of major corporate fraud at several companies, including <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/enron.asp">Enron</a>, Tyco, and WorldCom, Congress passed the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sarbanesoxleyact.asp">Sarbanes-Oxley Act</a> in 2002. The act governs accounting, auditing, and corporate responsibility. Many in the business world opposed the bill, claiming that compliance would be difficult, time-consuming, and ineffective. Furthermore, they predicted that the law would not protect shareholders from fraud.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> This position gained some support when numerous financial frauds, such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bernard-madoff.asp">Bernie Madoff</a>, were exposed during the 2008 financial crisis. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> President Richard Nixon created the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/environmental-protection-agency.asp">EPA</a> by executive order in 1970. The agency regulates the disposal of waste materials, restrictions on greenhouse emissions, and controls on other pollutants. Companies required to comply with these rules have complained that the restrictions are costly and compromise profits.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftc.asp">FTC</a> was created in 1914 to protect consumers from deceptive or anti-competitive business practices. These can include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixing.asp">price-fixing</a>, the formation of monopolies, and fraudulent advertising.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Some firms regard the agency as a foe of business. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Congress created the Securities and Exchange Commission (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp">SEC</a>) in 1934.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> It regulates initial public offerings (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp">IPOs</a>), ensures full disclosure, and enforces rules governing stock trading.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fda.asp">FDA</a> was first created to enforce the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Since then, the agency has been tasked with overseeing public health through oversight of food and medical products. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Pharmaceutical companies often complain that the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fda.asp">FDA</a> needlessly <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032315/how-does-government-regulation-impact-drugs-sector.asp">delays the approval and marketing</a> of certain drugs. The high barriers to getting drugs approved may deter small firms from entering the market. Furthermore, the FDA has been criticized for delaying approval and human trials of drugs for people facing life-threatening conditions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Regulatory Capture </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Perhaps the most substantial criticism of government regulations is that they create the potential for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regulatory-capture.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">regulatory capture</a>. When that happens, the agencies supposedly responsible for protecting consumers come under the control of the industries they are supposed to regulate. The regulator may actively create <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/barrierstoentry.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">barriers to entry</a> and divert public funds for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bailout.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">bailouts</a> to benefit favored firms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Regulations can increase the power of dominant and abusive firms if policymakers are not careful when they create new rules.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-regulations-supporting-businesses"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Regulations Supporting Businesses </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Hundreds of assistance programs from the government—in the form of money, information, and services—are available to businesses and entrepreneurs. The Small Business Administration (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/small-business-administration.asp">SBA</a>) arranges loans for startups.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> It also provides grants, advice, training, and management counseling.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/department-of-commerce.asp">Commerce Department</a> helps small and medium-sized businesses increase overseas sales of their products.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> An often overlooked service that the government provides all businesses is the rule of law. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office offers protection of inventions and specific products from illegal infringement by competitors, thus encouraging innovation and creativity.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/patent.asp">Patent</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trademark.asp">trademark</a> violations are punishable by hefty fines and subject to civil actions that can be costly if the defendant loses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> On top of all of this, the government occasionally takes extraordinary steps to protect businesses in dire economic conditions. Some economists claim that the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/troubled-asset-relief-program-tarp.asp">Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)</a> and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-stimulus.asp">economic stimulus</a> plans that followed averted a repeat of the Great Depression. Similarly, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/coronavirus-aid-relief-and-economic-security-cares-act-4800707">Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act</a> may have prevented many firms from going out of business in 2020. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Other economists insist that the government should rarely intervene and that free markets should be permitted to weed out business failures. No matter which side you agree with, there is little doubt that the corporate world would look very different without government programs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-regulations-hurt-small-businesses"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do Regulations Hurt Small Businesses?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Small businesses in particular may contend that government regulations harm their firms. Examples of common complaints include the claim that minimum wage laws impose high labor costs, that onerous regulation makes it difficult for new entrants to compete with existing business, and that bureaucratic processes impose high overhead costs.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-the-benefits-of-regulation"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are the Benefits of Regulation?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Regulation exists in large part to minimize the negative externalities that can emerge in the absence of market guardrails. For instance, without regulations related to waste discharge, businesses may dispose of toxic materials in quantities that can harm human and environmental health. Without labor oversight, businesses may be inclined to push workers beyond physical and mental limits, such as by setting long schedules or not ensuring certain safeguards in manufacturing or warehouse settings.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-government-regulations-negatively-impact-consumers"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Can Government Regulations Negatively Impact Consumers?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Businesses are not the only parties that have taken issue with government regulations. Consumer advocacy and public interest groups have also raised concerns about them. Common charges include complaints that burdensome rules can stymie the development new technology or drugs. Others argue that regulations are not stringent enough, resulting in shortcomings related to consumer welfare, labor, or general civic well-being.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> The government can be a friend of business, providing it with financial, advisory, and other services. It can also be a friend of the public, creating and enforcing laws related to consumer protection, worker safety, and more. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> This tension persists as long as various stakeholders view the utility of regulations differently. As technological breakthroughs continue, the dual nature of the government's relationship to businesses may increase, becoming both more regulatory and more collaborative at the same time. </p></div>
Many sectors of the business world have long complained about government regulation, denouncing rules as impediments to profits, economic efficiency, and job creation. Many firms have sought [loopholes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loophole.asp), moved operations abroad, or violated [antitrust laws](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp) as they attempted to skirt regulations. In reality, American businesses have both prospered and suffered due to rules and the complicated [tax code](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-code.asp). The relationship between a firm and the government can be either collaborative or adversarial, depending on specific circumstances. Importantly, rules have also protected consumers from exploitative practices. Below, we'll look at some important government regulations to understand their impacts on businesses. ### Key Takeaways * Government regulation of the U.S. economy has expanded enormously over the past century, prompting complaints that interventions impede growth and efficiency. * Proponents of intervention say it’s necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts of unregulated commerce, which can include environmental damage and labor abuse. * Regulations can also support businesses, such as when they provide financial assistance or patent protection. ## Understanding Business Regulations Congress passed the first antitrust law in 1890 and followed that with periodic changes in [corporate tax](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatetax.asp) rates and increasingly complex regulations governing business. The business community has generally opposed laws, regulations, or [tax levies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/levy.asp) that it thinks impede operations and profitability. A common argument against overregulation and excessive taxation is that they impose a net cost on society in the long run. According to critics, government regulations slow [disruptive innovations](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disruptive-innovation.asp) and fail to adapt to changes in society. Businesses complain about many of these rules while also [lobbying](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lobby.asp) to have other rules changed in their favor. Others argue that there are good reasons for regulation. In pursuit of profit, businesses have damaged the environment, abused workers, violated immigration laws, and defrauded consumers. Proponents say that is why publicly accountable elected officials are in charge of regulation in the first place. Furthermore, some rules are essential for civilized competitive businesses to flourish. We now have many entities and regulations to limit the alleged excesses of the [free market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freemarket.asp). ## Regulations Restraining Businesses ### Sarbanes-Oxley In the wake of major corporate fraud at several companies, including [Enron](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/enron.asp), Tyco, and WorldCom, Congress passed the [Sarbanes-Oxley Act](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sarbanesoxleyact.asp) in 2002. The act governs accounting, auditing, and corporate responsibility. Many in the business world opposed the bill, claiming that compliance would be difficult, time-consuming, and ineffective. Furthermore, they predicted that the law would not protect shareholders from fraud. This position gained some support when numerous financial frauds, such as [Bernie Madoff](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bernard-madoff.asp), were exposed during the 2008 financial crisis. ### The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) President Richard Nixon created the [EPA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/environmental-protection-agency.asp) by executive order in 1970. The agency regulates the disposal of waste materials, restrictions on greenhouse emissions, and controls on other pollutants. Companies required to comply with these rules have complained that the restrictions are costly and compromise profits. ### The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) The [FTC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftc.asp) was created in 1914 to protect consumers from deceptive or anti-competitive business practices. These can include [price-fixing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixing.asp), the formation of monopolies, and fraudulent advertising. Some firms regard the agency as a foe of business. ### The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Congress created the Securities and Exchange Commission ([SEC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp)) in 1934. It regulates initial public offerings ([IPOs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp)), ensures full disclosure, and enforces rules governing stock trading. ### The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The [FDA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fda.asp) was first created to enforce the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Since then, the agency has been tasked with overseeing public health through oversight of food and medical products. Pharmaceutical companies often complain that the [FDA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fda.asp) needlessly [delays the approval and marketing](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032315/how-does-government-regulation-impact-drugs-sector.asp) of certain drugs. The high barriers to getting drugs approved may deter small firms from entering the market. Furthermore, the FDA has been criticized for delaying approval and human trials of drugs for people facing life-threatening conditions. ### Regulatory Capture Perhaps the most substantial criticism of government regulations is that they create the potential for [regulatory capture](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regulatory-capture.asp). When that happens, the agencies supposedly responsible for protecting consumers come under the control of the industries they are supposed to regulate. The regulator may actively create [barriers to entry](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/barrierstoentry.asp) and divert public funds for [bailouts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bailout.asp) to benefit favored firms. ### Regulations can increase the power of dominant and abusive firms if policymakers are not careful when they create new rules. ## Regulations Supporting Businesses Hundreds of assistance programs from the government—in the form of money, information, and services—are available to businesses and entrepreneurs. The Small Business Administration ([SBA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/small-business-administration.asp)) arranges loans for startups. It also provides grants, advice, training, and management counseling. The [Commerce Department](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/department-of-commerce.asp) helps small and medium-sized businesses increase overseas sales of their products. An often overlooked service that the government provides all businesses is the rule of law. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office offers protection of inventions and specific products from illegal infringement by competitors, thus encouraging innovation and creativity. [Patent](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/patent.asp) and [trademark](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trademark.asp) violations are punishable by hefty fines and subject to civil actions that can be costly if the defendant loses. On top of all of this, the government occasionally takes extraordinary steps to protect businesses in dire economic conditions. Some economists claim that the [Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/troubled-asset-relief-program-tarp.asp) and the [economic stimulus](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-stimulus.asp) plans that followed averted a repeat of the Great Depression. Similarly, the [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act](https://www.investopedia.com/coronavirus-aid-relief-and-economic-security-cares-act-4800707) may have prevented many firms from going out of business in 2020. Other economists insist that the government should rarely intervene and that free markets should be permitted to weed out business failures. No matter which side you agree with, there is little doubt that the corporate world would look very different without government programs. ## How Do Regulations Hurt Small Businesses? Small businesses in particular may contend that government regulations harm their firms. Examples of common complaints include the claim that minimum wage laws impose high labor costs, that onerous regulation makes it difficult for new entrants to compete with existing business, and that bureaucratic processes impose high overhead costs. ## What Are the Benefits of Regulation? Regulation exists in large part to minimize the negative externalities that can emerge in the absence of market guardrails. For instance, without regulations related to waste discharge, businesses may dispose of toxic materials in quantities that can harm human and environmental health. Without labor oversight, businesses may be inclined to push workers beyond physical and mental limits, such as by setting long schedules or not ensuring certain safeguards in manufacturing or warehouse settings. ## How Can Government Regulations Negatively Impact Consumers? Businesses are not the only parties that have taken issue with government regulations. Consumer advocacy and public interest groups have also raised concerns about them. Common charges include complaints that burdensome rules can stymie the development new technology or drugs. Others argue that regulations are not stringent enough, resulting in shortcomings related to consumer welfare, labor, or general civic well-being. ## The Bottom Line The government can be a friend of business, providing it with financial, advisory, and other services. It can also be a friend of the public, creating and enforcing laws related to consumer protection, worker safety, and more. This tension persists as long as various stakeholders view the utility of regulations differently. As technological breakthroughs continue, the dual nature of the government's relationship to businesses may increase, becoming both more regulatory and more collaborative at the same time.
Many sectors of the business world have long complained about government regulation, denouncing rules as impediments to profits, economic efficiency, and job creation. Many firms have sought loopholes, moved operations abroad, or violated antitrust laws as they attempted to skirt regulations. In reality, American businesses have both prospered and suffered due to rules and the complicated tax code. The relationship between a firm and the government can be either collaborative or adversarial, depending on specific circumstances. Importantly, rules have also protected consumers from exploitative practices. Below, we'll look at some important government regulations to understand their impacts on businesses. Key Takeaways Government regulation of the U.S. economy has expanded enormously over the past century, prompting complaints that interventions impede growth and efficiency.Proponents of intervention say it’s necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts of unregulated commerce, which can include environmental damage and labor abuse.Regulations can also support businesses, such as when they provide financial assistance or patent protection. Understanding Business Regulations Congress passed the first antitrust law in 1890 and followed that with periodic changes in corporate tax rates and increasingly complex regulations governing business. The business community has generally opposed laws, regulations, or tax levies that it thinks impede operations and profitability. A common argument against overregulation and excessive taxation is that they impose a net cost on society in the long run. According to critics, government regulations slow disruptive innovations and fail to adapt to changes in society. Businesses complain about many of these rules while also lobbying to have other rules changed in their favor. Others argue that there are good reasons for regulation. In pursuit of profit, businesses have damaged the environment, abused workers, violated immigration laws, and defrauded consumers. Proponents say that is why publicly accountable elected officials are in charge of regulation in the first place. Furthermore, some rules are essential for civilized competitive businesses to flourish. We now have many entities and regulations to limit the alleged excesses of the free market. Regulations Restraining Businesses Sarbanes-Oxley In the wake of major corporate fraud at several companies, including Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002. The act governs accounting, auditing, and corporate responsibility. Many in the business world opposed the bill, claiming that compliance would be difficult, time-consuming, and ineffective. Furthermore, they predicted that the law would not protect shareholders from fraud. This position gained some support when numerous financial frauds, such as Bernie Madoff, were exposed during the 2008 financial crisis. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) President Richard Nixon created the EPA by executive order in 1970. The agency regulates the disposal of waste materials, restrictions on greenhouse emissions, and controls on other pollutants. Companies required to comply with these rules have complained that the restrictions are costly and compromise profits. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) The FTC was created in 1914 to protect consumers from deceptive or anti-competitive business practices. These can include price-fixing, the formation of monopolies, and fraudulent advertising. Some firms regard the agency as a foe of business. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Congress created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1934. It regulates initial public offerings (IPOs), ensures full disclosure, and enforces rules governing stock trading. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The FDA was first created to enforce the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Since then, the agency has been tasked with overseeing public health through oversight of food and medical products. Pharmaceutical companies often complain that the FDA needlessly delays the approval and marketing of certain drugs. The high barriers to getting drugs approved may deter small firms from entering the market. Furthermore, the FDA has been criticized for delaying approval and human trials of drugs for people facing life-threatening conditions. Regulatory Capture Perhaps the most substantial criticism of government regulations is that they create the potential for regulatory capture. When that happens, the agencies supposedly responsible for protecting consumers come under the control of the industries they are supposed to regulate. The regulator may actively create barriers to entry and divert public funds for bailouts to benefit favored firms. Regulations can increase the power of dominant and abusive firms if policymakers are not careful when they create new rules. Regulations Supporting Businesses Hundreds of assistance programs from the government—in the form of money, information, and services—are available to businesses and entrepreneurs. The Small Business Administration (SBA) arranges loans for startups. It also provides grants, advice, training, and management counseling. The Commerce Department helps small and medium-sized businesses increase overseas sales of their products. An often overlooked service that the government provides all businesses is the rule of law. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office offers protection of inventions and specific products from illegal infringement by competitors, thus encouraging innovation and creativity. Patent and trademark violations are punishable by hefty fines and subject to civil actions that can be costly if the defendant loses. On top of all of this, the government occasionally takes extraordinary steps to protect businesses in dire economic conditions. Some economists claim that the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and the economic stimulus plans that followed averted a repeat of the Great Depression. Similarly, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act may have prevented many firms from going out of business in 2020. Other economists insist that the government should rarely intervene and that free markets should be permitted to weed out business failures. No matter which side you agree with, there is little doubt that the corporate world would look very different without government programs. How Do Regulations Hurt Small Businesses? Small businesses in particular may contend that government regulations harm their firms. Examples of common complaints include the claim that minimum wage laws impose high labor costs, that onerous regulation makes it difficult for new entrants to compete with existing business, and that bureaucratic processes impose high overhead costs. What Are the Benefits of Regulation? Regulation exists in large part to minimize the negative externalities that can emerge in the absence of market guardrails. For instance, without regulations related to waste discharge, businesses may dispose of toxic materials in quantities that can harm human and environmental health. Without labor oversight, businesses may be inclined to push workers beyond physical and mental limits, such as by setting long schedules or not ensuring certain safeguards in manufacturing or warehouse settings. How Can Government Regulations Negatively Impact Consumers? Businesses are not the only parties that have taken issue with government regulations. Consumer advocacy and public interest groups have also raised concerns about them. Common charges include complaints that burdensome rules can stymie the development new technology or drugs. Others argue that regulations are not stringent enough, resulting in shortcomings related to consumer welfare, labor, or general civic well-being. The Bottom Line The government can be a friend of business, providing it with financial, advisory, and other services. It can also be a friend of the public, creating and enforcing laws related to consumer protection, worker safety, and more. This tension persists as long as various stakeholders view the utility of regulations differently. As technological breakthroughs continue, the dual nature of the government's relationship to businesses may increase, becoming both more regulatory and more collaborative at the same time.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corn-hog-ratio.asp
Corn-Hog Ratio: Meaning, Application, FAQs
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-corn-hog-ratio"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the Corn-Hog Ratio? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The corn-hog ratio is a calculation for understanding the economic opportunity in raising livestock, used to determine the profitability of raising hogs versus growing and selling corn feed. It is a comparison that takes the price of a hog and divides it by the cost of the corn needed to sustain the hog. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The corn-hog ratio is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock.</li><li>The ratio is achieved by calculating the price of a hog divided by the cost of the corn needed to feed it.</li><li>The corn-hog ratio is also used to help farmers determine the value of a crop of corn as compared to the value of a hog, which they would have to feed with the same crop of corn.</li><li>If corn is determined to be more valuable than the hog, the farmer would sell the corn and reduce their livestock inventory. </li><li>If hogs are more valuable than the corn, the farmer will use the corn as feed, thus selling less corn on the market.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-corn-hog-ratio"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the Corn-Hog Ratio </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> The corn-hog ratio is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock, hogs in particular. The calculation for the corn-hog ratio is the price of one <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hundredweight.asp">hundredweight</a> (cwt) of live, on-the-hoof hogs divided by the cost of a bushel of corn. The ratio is used to help farmers determine the value of a crop of corn as compared to the value of a hog, which they would have to feed with the same crop of corn. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> For example, if the price of a hog is $50/cwt and the cost of a bushel of corn is $4, the corn-hog ratio would be $50 / $4 = 12.5. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Pigs have the highest feed conversion rate, meaning the amount required to bring them to harvest weight is less than any other livestock animal.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Corn is used in this feed ratio because it is a primary type of feed used in raising livestock. Estimations show feed corn makes up between 65% and 70% of hog's diet.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Many farmers who grow feed corn could either sell the corn itself as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp">commodity</a> or feed it to their hogs and then sell the hogs.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> If corn is determined to be more valuable than the hog, the farmer would sell the corn and reduce their livestock inventory. If hogs are more valuable than the corn, the farmer will use the corn as feed, thus selling less corn on the market. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitabilityratios.asp">profitability ratio</a> is determined to be profitable above 1:12. Anything below that is considered to be unprofitable. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-modern-application-of-the-corn-hog-ratio"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Modern Application of the Corn-Hog Ratio </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> In the modern era, many farmers do not grow the feed corn required for their livestock. With advanced technology and the wide availability of shipping and delivery, most farmers now opt to have their feed delivered to the farm. The corn-hog ratio is still a reliable way to determine whether or not pork farming will be profitable for the year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> A mathematical ratio cannot account for some events. In 2014, an epidemic swept through the piglet population, causing massive loss of inventory.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> These numbers altered the pork predictions for that year due to the fear of a subsequent pork shortage. However, the ratio remains the benchmark for farmers trying to decide whether to increase their live hog inventories or to cull it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-simple-definition-of-the-corn-hog-ratio"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Simple Definition of the Corn-Hog Ratio?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The corn-hog ratio is a ratio and is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock. It is most commonly used for pigs (hogs).</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-happens-to-hog-prices-if-corn-prices-go-up"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Happens to Hog Prices if Corn Prices Go Up?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If corn prices go up, hog prices will rise as well. This follows general business practices where if the price of manufacturing increases, the price increases lockstep for the end consumer.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-many-bushels-of-corn-does-it-take-to-raise-a-hog-to-market-weight"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Many Bushels of Corn Does It Take to Raise a Hog to Market Weight?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>It takes slightly more than 10 bushels of corn to bring a hog to market weight. It is worth noting that the corn can sometimes be cut with other ingredients in order to drop the total cost.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> The corn-hog ratio is not only used to determine the cost of raising a hog to market weight, but can be used to direct those raising livestock if they should sell the hogs, or sell the corn while reducing their amount of livestock. Certain events can affect this ratio, such as disease or rising corn costs. In the end of the day, the farmer will need to decide which product they will sell during that cycle. </p></div>
## What Is the Corn-Hog Ratio? The corn-hog ratio is a calculation for understanding the economic opportunity in raising livestock, used to determine the profitability of raising hogs versus growing and selling corn feed. It is a comparison that takes the price of a hog and divides it by the cost of the corn needed to sustain the hog. ### Key Takeaways * The corn-hog ratio is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock. * The ratio is achieved by calculating the price of a hog divided by the cost of the corn needed to feed it. * The corn-hog ratio is also used to help farmers determine the value of a crop of corn as compared to the value of a hog, which they would have to feed with the same crop of corn. * If corn is determined to be more valuable than the hog, the farmer would sell the corn and reduce their livestock inventory. * If hogs are more valuable than the corn, the farmer will use the corn as feed, thus selling less corn on the market. ## Understanding the Corn-Hog Ratio The corn-hog ratio is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock, hogs in particular. The calculation for the corn-hog ratio is the price of one [hundredweight](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hundredweight.asp) (cwt) of live, on-the-hoof hogs divided by the cost of a bushel of corn. The ratio is used to help farmers determine the value of a crop of corn as compared to the value of a hog, which they would have to feed with the same crop of corn. For example, if the price of a hog is $50/cwt and the cost of a bushel of corn is $4, the corn-hog ratio would be $50 / $4 = 12.5. ### Pigs have the highest feed conversion rate, meaning the amount required to bring them to harvest weight is less than any other livestock animal. Corn is used in this feed ratio because it is a primary type of feed used in raising livestock. Estimations show feed corn makes up between 65% and 70% of hog's diet. Many farmers who grow feed corn could either sell the corn itself as a [commodity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp) or feed it to their hogs and then sell the hogs.  If corn is determined to be more valuable than the hog, the farmer would sell the corn and reduce their livestock inventory. If hogs are more valuable than the corn, the farmer will use the corn as feed, thus selling less corn on the market. The [profitability ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitabilityratios.asp) is determined to be profitable above 1:12. Anything below that is considered to be unprofitable. ## Modern Application of the Corn-Hog Ratio In the modern era, many farmers do not grow the feed corn required for their livestock. With advanced technology and the wide availability of shipping and delivery, most farmers now opt to have their feed delivered to the farm. The corn-hog ratio is still a reliable way to determine whether or not pork farming will be profitable for the year. A mathematical ratio cannot account for some events. In 2014, an epidemic swept through the piglet population, causing massive loss of inventory. These numbers altered the pork predictions for that year due to the fear of a subsequent pork shortage. However, the ratio remains the benchmark for farmers trying to decide whether to increase their live hog inventories or to cull it. ## What Is a Simple Definition of the Corn-Hog Ratio? The corn-hog ratio is a ratio and is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock. It is most commonly used for pigs (hogs). ## What Happens to Hog Prices if Corn Prices Go Up? If corn prices go up, hog prices will rise as well. This follows general business practices where if the price of manufacturing increases, the price increases lockstep for the end consumer. ## How Many Bushels of Corn Does It Take to Raise a Hog to Market Weight? It takes slightly more than 10 bushels of corn to bring a hog to market weight. It is worth noting that the corn can sometimes be cut with other ingredients in order to drop the total cost. ## The Bottom Line The corn-hog ratio is not only used to determine the cost of raising a hog to market weight, but can be used to direct those raising livestock if they should sell the hogs, or sell the corn while reducing their amount of livestock. Certain events can affect this ratio, such as disease or rising corn costs. In the end of the day, the farmer will need to decide which product they will sell during that cycle.
What Is the Corn-Hog Ratio? The corn-hog ratio is a calculation for understanding the economic opportunity in raising livestock, used to determine the profitability of raising hogs versus growing and selling corn feed. It is a comparison that takes the price of a hog and divides it by the cost of the corn needed to sustain the hog. Key Takeaways The corn-hog ratio is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock.The ratio is achieved by calculating the price of a hog divided by the cost of the corn needed to feed it.The corn-hog ratio is also used to help farmers determine the value of a crop of corn as compared to the value of a hog, which they would have to feed with the same crop of corn.If corn is determined to be more valuable than the hog, the farmer would sell the corn and reduce their livestock inventory. If hogs are more valuable than the corn, the farmer will use the corn as feed, thus selling less corn on the market. Understanding the Corn-Hog Ratio The corn-hog ratio is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock, hogs in particular. The calculation for the corn-hog ratio is the price of one hundredweight (cwt) of live, on-the-hoof hogs divided by the cost of a bushel of corn. The ratio is used to help farmers determine the value of a crop of corn as compared to the value of a hog, which they would have to feed with the same crop of corn. For example, if the price of a hog is $50/cwt and the cost of a bushel of corn is $4, the corn-hog ratio would be $50 / $4 = 12.5. Pigs have the highest feed conversion rate, meaning the amount required to bring them to harvest weight is less than any other livestock animal. Corn is used in this feed ratio because it is a primary type of feed used in raising livestock. Estimations show feed corn makes up between 65% and 70% of hog's diet. Many farmers who grow feed corn could either sell the corn itself as a commodity or feed it to their hogs and then sell the hogs.  If corn is determined to be more valuable than the hog, the farmer would sell the corn and reduce their livestock inventory. If hogs are more valuable than the corn, the farmer will use the corn as feed, thus selling less corn on the market. The profitability ratio is determined to be profitable above 1:12. Anything below that is considered to be unprofitable. Modern Application of the Corn-Hog Ratio In the modern era, many farmers do not grow the feed corn required for their livestock. With advanced technology and the wide availability of shipping and delivery, most farmers now opt to have their feed delivered to the farm. The corn-hog ratio is still a reliable way to determine whether or not pork farming will be profitable for the year. A mathematical ratio cannot account for some events. In 2014, an epidemic swept through the piglet population, causing massive loss of inventory. These numbers altered the pork predictions for that year due to the fear of a subsequent pork shortage. However, the ratio remains the benchmark for farmers trying to decide whether to increase their live hog inventories or to cull it. What Is a Simple Definition of the Corn-Hog Ratio? The corn-hog ratio is a ratio and is used to determine the profitability of raising livestock. It is most commonly used for pigs (hogs). What Happens to Hog Prices if Corn Prices Go Up? If corn prices go up, hog prices will rise as well. This follows general business practices where if the price of manufacturing increases, the price increases lockstep for the end consumer. How Many Bushels of Corn Does It Take to Raise a Hog to Market Weight? It takes slightly more than 10 bushels of corn to bring a hog to market weight. It is worth noting that the corn can sometimes be cut with other ingredients in order to drop the total cost. The Bottom Line The corn-hog ratio is not only used to determine the cost of raising a hog to market weight, but can be used to direct those raising livestock if they should sell the hogs, or sell the corn while reducing their amount of livestock. Certain events can affect this ratio, such as disease or rising corn costs. In the end of the day, the farmer will need to decide which product they will sell during that cycle.
[ [ "hundredweight", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hundredweight.asp" ], [ "commodity", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp" ], [ "profitability ratio", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitabilityratios.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/apprisen-credit-counseling-review-8620803
Apprisen Credit Counseling Review 2024
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="star-icon"><svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg></symbol> </defs> </svg> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base" id="product-review-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-appear article-container article-intro mntl-block" id="article-intro_1-0"> <div class="comp product-card" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="product-card" id="product-card_1-0" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <div class="product-card__content"> <div class="product-card__intro expert-content"> <figure class="comp figure-article figure-2x1 product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="product-card__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Apprisen" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhEgAEAPQAAGtqb3BvdDyKPz6TQmewRJLFdqCgouz64/Pz9fP19Pj49vv7+/z8/P39/f/9//7+/v///2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqbywAAAAAEgAEAEQILQAbFGhAsKDBgw0INBhAMABBAw0ePAAAoYFDggcEEHSAEOEDBAsSKOhYkAHBgAA7')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Apprisen" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Apprisen</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article figure-2x1 product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp product-card__rating card-rating--finance product-rating" id="product-card__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> Investopedia’s Rating </span> <div alt="4.8 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_1-0"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.8</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #333e8b;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_1-0" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#333e8b"></stop> <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_1-0);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp product-card__rating card-rating--finance product-rating --> <div class="comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="product-card__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://www.apprisen.com/" id="commerce-button_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <strong>Our Take</strong> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-1"> Apprisen charges below-average fees for its debt management plans compared to other choices. It offers a host of other affordable services, including personalized financial plans, on-demand financial coaching, credit health education, bankruptcy counseling, and more. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-2"> Apprisen is Investopedia’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499">top-rated credit counseling agency</a> because it excelled in all the categories we used to rate and review credit counseling services, like costs, availability, types of services, and customer satisfaction. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block" data-click-action="Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="Full Product Review"> <ul class="tabbed-sc-block__tabs"> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Pros &amp; Cons</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="2"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Key Takeaways</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="3"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Company Overview</span></li> </ul> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-4"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Relatively low debt management plan fees</p></li> <li><p>Comprehensive financial and credit services</p></li> <li><p>Positive customer reviews</p></li> <li><p>Offers a mobile app</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Limited weekend hours</p></li> <li><p>Some additional services require a fee</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Key Takeaways</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="2"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-6"> <li>Apprisen is a nonprofit credit counseling agency that operates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. </li><li>Apprisen's financial specialists are certified through the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).</li><li>Apprisen was established in 1955, giving it the longest track record among debt relief companies we reviewed.</li><li>Apprisen has no minimum debt requirement and no maximum debt limit.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="3"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Company Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="3"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-8"> Apprisen can trace its roots back to 1955, when the first free credit counseling service, Economy Budget Service Company, was established. In 2009, after growing into a national company serving all 50 states, “Apprisen” was chosen as a more suitable name. It’s now based in Columbus, Ohio. While most of its services are online, the agency offers in-person services at a handful of branches in Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-9"> Apprisen has a solid reputation and stellar customer reviews. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block--product-spec-tool mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-tool mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-10"> <div class="comp product-spec-tool definition-list" id="product-spec-tool_1-0"> <ul class="definition-list__container"> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Year Founded</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-0"> 1955 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">State Availability</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-1"> All 50 U.S. states and D.C. </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Services Offered</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-2"> Debt management plans, financial coaching, financial review, student loan counseling, bankruptcy counseling, housing counseling, credit health education, financial education platform and workshops </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Minimum Debt Required</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-3"> None </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Maximum Debt Allowed</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-4"> None </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Debt Management Plan Enrollment Fee</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-5"> $0–$45 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Debt Management Plan Monthly Fee</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-6"> $0–45 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Phone Number</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-7"> (800) 355-2227 </span> </span> </li> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp product-spec-tool definition-list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block--product-spec-tool mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-tool mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-card --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-appear article-container article-intro mntl-block --> <div class="loc body-content article-container"> <div class="comp article-body article-content mntl-block" id="article-content_1-0"> <div class="comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block" id="product-review__left-nav_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__product-container_1-0"> <figure class="comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="sticky-toc-widget__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Apprisen" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhEgAEAPQAAGtqb3BvdDyKPz6TQmewRJLFdqCgouz64/Pz9fP19Pj49vv7+/z8/P39/f/9//7+/v///2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqb2tqbywAAAAAEgAEAEQILQAbFGhAsKDBgw0INBhAMABBAw0ePAAAoYFDggcEEHSAEOEDBAsSKOhYkAHBgAA7')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Apprisen" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_2-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Apprisen</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__rating product-rating" id="sticky-toc-widget__rating_1-0"> <span class="product-rating__rating-label noskim"> overall rating </span> <div alt="4.8 out of 5 stars" class="comp star-rating" id="star-rating_1-0-1"> <span class="star-rating__label">4.8</span> <div class="star-rating__stars" data-rating-caption=""> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-1 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-2 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-3 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <div class="star-rating__full-star star-rating__icon star-rating__star-4 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: #d17000;"> <svg class="icon star-icon"> <use xlink:href="#star-icon" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="star-rating__wrapper"> <svg height="0" style="position: absolute;" width="0"> <defs> <lineargradient id="linear-star-rating_1-0-1" x1="0%" x2="100%" y1="0%" y2="0%"> <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#d17000"></stop> <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#d5d5d5"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="star-rating__quarter-empty star-rating__icon star-rating__star-5 star-rating_star-icon" style="fill: url(#linear-star-rating_1-0-1);"> <svg viewbox="0 0 12.5 12.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.2 0 8.2 4 12.5 4.6 9.4 7.7 10.1 12.1 6.2 10 2.4 12.1 3.1 7.7 0 4.6 4.3 4z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- end: comp star-rating --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__rating product-rating --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://www.apprisen.com/" id="commerce-button_2-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="sticky-toc-widget__toc_3-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_3-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_5-0"> Table of Contents</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_3-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="View All" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_3-0"> View All</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Apprisen Credit Counseling Review 2024" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_6-0"> Apprisen Credit Counseling Review 2024</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_3-0"> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Pros and Cons Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-pros-and-cons-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Pros and Cons Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-How Apprisen Works" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-apprisen-works" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">How Apprisen Works</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Accreditations" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-accreditations" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Accreditations</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-How to Enroll" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-to-enroll-with-apprisen" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">How to Enroll</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Types of Debt Addressed" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-types-of-debt-addressed" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Types of Debt Addressed</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-counseling-services-offered-by-apprisen" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-5" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-6"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Expected Cost" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-expected-cost" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-6" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Expected Cost</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-7"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-7"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Expected Relief Amount" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-expected-relief-amount" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-7" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Expected Relief Amount</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-8"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-8"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Expected Time to Complete the Program" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-expected-time-to-complete-the-program" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-8" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Expected Time to Complete the Program</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-9"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-9"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Client Dashboard" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-client-dashboard" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-9" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Client Dashboard</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-10"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-10"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Service" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-customer-service" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-10" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Service</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-11"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-11"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Satisfaction" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-customer-satisfaction-and-reviews" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-11" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Satisfaction</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-12"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-12"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Alternatives" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-apprisen-vs-money-management-international-vs-incharge-debt-solutions" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-12" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Alternatives</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-13"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-13"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Is Credit Counseling Worth It?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-is-credit-counseling-worth-it" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-13" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Is Credit Counseling Worth It?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-14"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-14"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-The Bottom Line" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-the-bottom-line" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-14" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">The Bottom Line</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-15"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-15"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-FAQs" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-15" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">FAQs</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-16"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-16"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-we-determine-the-best-credit-counseling-services" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-16" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__content_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-and-cons-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros and Cons Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-1"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Pros </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-2"> <li><strong>Relatively low debt management plan fees:</strong> Apprisen's setup and monthly service fees max out at $45, which is low compared to some other credit counseling agencies. Additionally, Apprisen offers to reduce or even eliminate its fees altogether if you're experiencing financial hardship.</li><li><strong>Comprehensive financial and credit services:</strong> The agency offers a wide range of credit counseling services that can help you learn more about how to manage your money effectively, with personalized advice for your situation and goals.</li><li><strong>Positive customer reviews:</strong> Online reviews for Apprisen are overwhelmingly positive, with many customers praising its team members' compassion, professionalism, and attentiveness.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li><li><strong>Offers a mobile app:</strong> Apprisen makes it easy to manage your debt management plan. Its mobile app, myApprisen (available on Android and iPhone) provides an overview of your original and current balance, your monthly payment and due date, an estimated payoff date, and additional resources. Not all credit counseling agencies offer this feature. </li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-3"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Cons </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-4"> <li><strong>Limited weekend hours:</strong> The agency only offers weekend customer support for IRIS, its online financial assessment service. If you need support for other programs, you’ll have to contact Apprisen during the week.</li><li><strong>Some additional services require a fee:</strong> If you want to take advantage of Apprisen's other services and programs, you may need to pay a one-time or subscription fee. </li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-apprisen-works"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-5"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Apprisen Works </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-6"> Apprisen offers a wide range of financial and credit counseling services. To get started, you can request a free custom financial action plan through IRIS, Apprisen's free online service, which will include recommendations on how to improve your financial management. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-7"> You and your Apprisen advisor may decide that a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/debt-management-plans-8426688">debt management plan</a> would be helpful for you. If so, the agency will work with your creditors to potentially lower your monthly payments, reduce your interest rates, cut or waive fees, and bring your accounts current. Then, you'll make one monthly payment to Apprisen, which will disburse the funds to your creditors according to your plan agreement.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-8"> Only unsecured debts, like credit cards, are eligible for DMPs. Any amount of debt is eligible. However, there is a one-time setup fee of up to $45, and an ongoing monthly fee of up to $45—your fee will be determined based on your income and where you live. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-9"> Once you're on a debt management plan, you can use the website or the myApprisen mobile app to manage your account and track your progress. You can cancel a debt management plan at any time, but you may face consequences from your creditors. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-10"> If you need help for a specific circumstance, like student loan or bankruptcy counseling, you can select that option in the IRIS orientation or request that service from your advisor. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-accreditations"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-11"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Accreditations </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-12"> Apprisen is accredited by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/national-foundation-for-consumer-credit.asp">National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC)</a> and the Council on Accreditation (COA).  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-13"> The agency also has approval from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to provide housing counseling services. Additionally, the agency's bankruptcy counseling, which is required before filing for bankruptcy, is approved by the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-14"> Finally, Apprisen is an accredited business with the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-the-better-business-bureau-5024818">Better Business Bureau</a>, with an A+ rating.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-enroll-with-apprisen"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-15"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Enroll With Apprisen </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-16"> If you're interested in a debt management plan with Apprisen, the process can take a few days. Here's what you'll need to do: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-17"> <li><strong>Request a financial analysis:</strong> You can use IRIS, Apprisen’s online financial tools resource, to indicate which part of your financial situation you want to focus on. Options include debt, budgeting, building credit, housing, student loans, bankruptcy, small business finances, and others.</li> <li><strong>Submit your information:</strong> You'll start by providing your name, email address, and some basic information about your financial situation, including your income, debts, and expenses.</li> <li><strong>Obtain your report:</strong> Once you submit your information, a financial specialist will use IRIS to create a customized action plan, which can include recommendations for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget.asp">budgeting</a> and debt management. You can receive the plan in as little as 30 minutes, but it can take up to 48 hours, depending on when you submit your details. </li> <li><strong>Speak to a financial specialist:</strong> After you receive your plan, you can connect with a financial specialist to discuss the next steps, which may include a debt management plan, along with one or more of the credit counseling agency's programs. The specialist will indicate which debts are eligible for the plan.</li> <li><strong>Create a debt management plan:</strong> Your financial specialist will work with your creditors to create a manageable payment plan based on your financial situation. If you agree, you'll start making one monthly payment to the credit counseling agency, which will disburse it to your creditors. </li> </ol><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-debt-addressed"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-18"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Debt Addressed </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-19"> Apprisen's debt management plan is designed to help you pay off unsecured debts. That includes debts like credit cards, personal loans, and collection accounts. Medical bills may also be eligible, but only if they're in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/121514/how-debt-collection-agency-business-works.asp">collections</a>.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-counseling-services-offered-by-apprisen"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-20"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-21"> Besides debt management plans, Apprisen also offers a host of other counseling services to meet specific financial needs and goals. Here are some of the programs.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-22"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Free Financial Analysis </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-23"> As you get started, you can get a customized report on your financial situation, along with some recommendations tailored to your needs and goals.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-24"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Financial Health Plan </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-25"> Opt for this service if you want a more comprehensive evaluation of your financial health, which includes a cash flow statement, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtratio.asp">debt ratio</a> analysis, a personal balance sheet, a credit report review, a savings plan projection, and a customized action plan. The cost is $95 for an individual or joint session. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-26"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Credit Health Education </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-27"> With this service, you'll work with a financial specialist to learn more about your credit profile and set some goals for improving your credit score. You’ll review your Experian credit report and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ficoscore.asp">FICO credit score</a> and get some basic education about how credit scoring works and how to dispute credit report errors, among other things. It costs $65 for an individual session and $85 for a joint session. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-28"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Student Loan Counseling </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-29"> This free service provides education on how to better <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082115/10-tips-managing-your-student-loan-debt.asp">manage your student loan debt</a>. Topics include evaluating your repayment options, learning how to avoid default, reviewing your credit report, creating a spending plan, and getting an action plan for your specific situation. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-30"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Housing Counseling </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-31"> Apprisen offers three different types of housing counseling: mortgage delinquency and foreclosure prevention, first-time homebuyer counseling and education, and first-time renter counseling and education. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-32"> For the most part, these sessions are free. However, there is a $90 fee if your mortgage lender requires you to complete a pre-purchase mortgage counseling session. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-33"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Bankruptcy Counseling </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-34"> If you're planning to file for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp">bankruptcy</a>, you'll be required to complete a pre-filing counseling session, which costs $25 (though some people may be eligible for a waiver).  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-35"> You'll also need to complete a post-bankruptcy education course to satisfy court requirements. For this, Apprisen offers a group workshop for $50. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-36"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Propel Financial Coaching </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-37"> The Propel program costs $90 per year or $10 per month. You’ll get a series of financial coaching sessions over the course of a year, access to coaching on demand, and yearly checkups. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-38"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Financial Courses </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-39"> With IRIS ConnectED, you can register for individual courses that cover many of the same topics that are covered by individual paid sessions. If you're looking to learn on your own, this can be a more affordable option. Course prices vary. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-expected-cost"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-40"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Expected Cost </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-41"> For its debt management plans, Apprisen charges a one-time setup fee and a monthly service charge. These fees can vary depending on your income and state of residence, but they'll never exceed $45. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-42"> If you're experiencing financial hardship, Apprisen may agree to reduce or even waive its fees.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-43"> In addition to the cost of the plan, you’ll be expected to pay down your debt by making regular monthly payments to Apprisen. The monthly payment amount will be determined when you develop your DMP with your advisor. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-expected-relief-amount"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-44"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Expected Relief Amount </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-45"> Many people who pursue a debt management plan qualify for lower interest rates and monthly payments and reduced or waived fees. If you have past-due debts, Apprisen may even be able to bring the account current. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-46"> However, the credit counseling agency doesn't provide specifics on what you should expect, as the details can depend on your creditors and financial situation. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-expected-time-to-complete-the-program"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-47"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Expected Time to Complete the Program </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-48"> Similar to other credit counseling agencies, a debt management plan with Apprisen typically takes three to five years to complete.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-49"> The length of your program will depend on many factors, including how much eligible debt you have, how much you can afford to pay each month, and your creditors' willingness to lower interest rates.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-client-dashboard"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-50"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Client Dashboard </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-51"> Apprisen offers an online client dashboard, allowing you to view your account, make additional payments, and track your progress. You can also use the myApprisen app to accomplish these goals.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-service"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-52"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Service </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="table-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-53"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th><b>Method</b></th> <th><b>Contact Details</b></th> <th><b>Availability</b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><b>Telephone</b></td> <td>(800) 355-2227</td> <td>Monday–Thursday: 8 a.m.–7 p.m. ET<br/>Friday: 8 a.m.–6 p.m. ET<br/>Saturday: 10 a.m.–2 p.m. ET (IRIS support only)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Live Chat</b></td> <td>On company website</td> <td>Not disclosed</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Contact Form</b></td> <td>On company website</td> <td>24/7</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-customer-satisfaction-and-reviews"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-54"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Customer Satisfaction and Reviews </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-55"> Apprisen has a positive reputation overall. It has an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau, and an average customer rating of 4.87 out of 5 stars across 107 reviews on the platform.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-56"> As of March 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau hasn't received any recent complaints about the agency.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-apprisen-vs-money-management-international-vs-incharge-debt-solutions"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-57"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Apprisen vs. Money Management International vs. InCharge Debt Solutions </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="table-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-58"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 215px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th><b>Apprisen</b></th> <th><b>Money Management International</b></th> <th><b>InCharge Debt Solutions</b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><b>Services Offered</b></td> <td>Credit counseling, debt management plans, student loan counseling, bankruptcy counseling, housing counseling, and more</td> <td>Credit counseling, debt management plans, housing counseling, bankruptcy counseling, student loan counseling, debt settlement, military member support, natural disaster victim support</td> <td>Credit counseling, debt management plans, bankruptcy counseling, homebuyer education courses</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>DMP Enrollment Fee</b></td> <td>$0–$45</td> <td>$0–$75; average $33</td> <td>$50–$75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>DMP Monthly Fee</b></td> <td>$0–$45</td> <td>$0–$59; average $25</td> <td>Average of $30</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Minimum Debt Required</b></td> <td>$0</td> <td>$0</td> <td>$0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Accreditations</b></td> <td>NFCC, COA, HUD, EOUST</td> <td>NFCC, COA, HUD, BBB</td> <td>NFCC, FCAA, HUD, EOUST, BBB</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Year Established</b></td> <td>1955</td> <td>1958</td> <td>1997</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <div class="comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-59"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"> <p>While Apprisen charges relatively low fees and offers a wide variety of services, it's still a good idea to compare several credit counseling agencies to ensure you find the best fit for your needs and goals.</p> <ul> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499">Best Credit Counseling Companies</a></li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-debt-relief-companies-4846588">Best Debt Relief Companies</a></li> </ul></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-tip mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-credit-counseling-worth-it"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-60"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is Credit Counseling Worth It? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-61"> Credit counseling can be a great way to get free or affordable advice tailored to your financial situation, needs, and goals. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-62"> If you're overwhelmed with debt, a DMP can be a good way to tackle your debt situation with minimal impact on your credit score. Be aware that if you include credit card balances in your debt management plan, your creditors may force you to close your accounts. This action may reduce your available credit, which may cause your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-utilization-rate.asp">credit utilization ratio</a> to spike. This can have a negative impact on credit scores. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-63"> Fortunately, your credit score will rebound as you pay down your balances, although it can take time to recover. You're still paying the full principal balance, so you won't have to worry about other major negative marks on your credit reports, as you would with debt forgiveness.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-64"> With that in mind, you should run the numbers with a credit counselor to determine whether the fees associated with a debt management plan are worth it. Also, while it may be in your creditors' best interests to work with you, they aren't obligated to do so, so there's no guarantee that you'll get lower interest rates or waived fees. If they aren’t amenable to a DMP, you may need to consider other ways to tackle your debt, like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/debt-relief-vs-bankruptcy-understanding-your-options-8419029">bankruptcy or debt settlement</a>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-65"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is Debt Relief Through Credit Counseling Taxable? </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-66"> Debt management plans may involve negotiating reduced interest rates and waived fees and may extend your repayment terms to make your monthly payment more affordable. But unlike <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-avoid-paying-taxes-on-debt-settlement-8419039">debt settlement</a>, a debt management plan doesn't reduce your principal amount owed. As a result, there's no debt cancellation or forgiveness, which means there won't be a tax bill.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-67"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-68"> Apprisen offers a wide range of credit counseling services, including a relatively affordable debt management plan. However, if you're looking for other credit counseling services, you may be able to find more affordable options elsewhere. Before you agree to a debt management plan or any other counseling service, shop around and compare options from several agencies to ensure you get the best deal. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-69"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-70"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is Apprisen Legit? </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-71"> Yes, Apprisen is a legitimate nonprofit <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499">credit counseling agency</a>, with roots going back nearly 70 years. It’s accredited by the NFCC and the International Association of Professional Debt Arbitrators (IAPDA). </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-72"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Much Does Apprisen Cost? </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-73"> A debt management plan with Apprisen requires a setup fee and monthly service charge. In both cases, the most you can expect to pay is $45. The agency also offers other services, with fees varying depending on the program you choose. Customers facing financial difficulties may qualify for reduced or waived fees.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-74"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does Apprisen Offer Debt Management Plans? </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-75"> Yes, Apprisen offers debt management plans for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/110614/what-difference-between-secured-and-unsecured-debts.asp">unsecured debts</a>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-76"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does Apprisen Hurt Your Credit? </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-77"> Apprisen's basic credit counseling services won't have any effect on your credit score. However, if you get on a debt management plan you may be required to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/08/close-credit-card.asp">close credit card accounts</a>, which can negatively impact your credit by increasing your credit utilization.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-determine-the-best-credit-counseling-services"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-78"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Determine the Best Credit Counseling Services </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-79"> To determine the best credit counseling services, we reviewed various databases, competitive analyses, consumer behavior, and more, ultimately narrowing down the list to 40 companies, including 17 companies that offer credit counseling services that include debt management plans. We developed a quantitative model where we identified 53 important criteria across five categories. We weighted each category as follows for this article: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-80"> <li><strong>Costs and fees</strong>: 37.00%</li><li><strong>Availability</strong>: 19.50%</li><li><strong>Reputation and stability</strong>: 18.50%</li><li><strong>Customer experience</strong>: 9.00%</li><li><strong>Services</strong>: 16.00%</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-81"> We then gathered data for the 53 criteria directly from companies via websites, media contacts, and existing partnerships. Data were collected between Oct. 19, 2023, and Dec. 18, 2023. This resulted in over 2,000 data points in our rubric, which we used to score and determine the best debt relief companies (including debt settlement and credit counseling services) for people looking to manage and get out of debt. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-82"> To learn more about our process for finding the best debt relief companies, read our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/debt-relief-review-methodology-5116156">full methodology</a>. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp review-content js-sticky-riser-hide mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="false" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-83"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.apprisen.com/" id="button_1-0" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp review-content js-sticky-riser-hide mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp article-body article-content mntl-block --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base --> </span> </div><div class="loc content-bottom"><div class="comp prm-article-sources article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100" id="prm-article-sources_1-0"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading" id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0">Article Sources</div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper" id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0"></div> <div class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block" id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>Better Business Bureau. “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.bbb.org/us/oh/gahanna/profile/credit-and-debt-counseling/apprisen-0302-972">Apprisen</a>.”</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/consumer-complaints/search/?chartType=line&amp;dateInterval=Month&amp;dateRange=All&amp;date_received_max=2024-03-12&amp;date_received_min=2011-12-01&amp;lens=Product&amp;searchField=all&amp;searchText=Apprisen&amp;subLens=sub_product&amp;tab=Trends">Apprisen</a>.”</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card 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![Apprisen](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg) ![Apprisen](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg) Apprisen Investopedia’s Rating 4.8 [Get a Quote](https://www.apprisen.com/) **Our Take** Apprisen charges below-average fees for its debt management plans compared to other choices. It offers a host of other affordable services, including personalized financial plans, on-demand financial coaching, credit health education, bankruptcy counseling, and more. Apprisen is Investopedia’s [top-rated credit counseling agency](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499) because it excelled in all the categories we used to rate and review credit counseling services, like costs, availability, types of services, and customer satisfaction. * Pros & Cons * Key Takeaways * Company Overview Pros & Cons Pros * Relatively low debt management plan fees * Comprehensive financial and credit services * Positive customer reviews * Offers a mobile app Cons * Limited weekend hours * Some additional services require a fee Key Takeaways * Apprisen is a nonprofit credit counseling agency that operates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. * Apprisen's financial specialists are certified through the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). * Apprisen was established in 1955, giving it the longest track record among debt relief companies we reviewed. * Apprisen has no minimum debt requirement and no maximum debt limit. Company Overview Apprisen can trace its roots back to 1955, when the first free credit counseling service, Economy Budget Service Company, was established. In 2009, after growing into a national company serving all 50 states, “Apprisen” was chosen as a more suitable name. It’s now based in Columbus, Ohio. While most of its services are online, the agency offers in-person services at a handful of branches in Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee.  Apprisen has a solid reputation and stellar customer reviews. * Year Founded 1955 * State Availability All 50 U.S. states and D.C. * Services Offered Debt management plans, financial coaching, financial review, student loan counseling, bankruptcy counseling, housing counseling, credit health education, financial education platform and workshops * Minimum Debt Required None * Maximum Debt Allowed None * Debt Management Plan Enrollment Fee $0–$45 * Debt Management Plan Monthly Fee $0–45 * Phone Number (800) 355-2227 ![Apprisen](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg) ![Apprisen](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/CI9nYCCKwcVvQt7WJbPOxI6xIoI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apprisen-e9dbdc6b25c44a8fad3f24ecd17aef8f.jpg) Apprisen overall rating 4.8 [Get a Quote](https://www.apprisen.com/) Table of Contents View All Apprisen Credit Counseling Review 2024 * [Pros and Cons Explained](#toc-pros-and-cons-explained) * [How Apprisen Works](#toc-how-apprisen-works) * [Accreditations](#toc-accreditations) * [How to Enroll](#toc-how-to-enroll-with-apprisen) * [Types of Debt Addressed](#toc-types-of-debt-addressed) * [Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen](#toc-counseling-services-offered-by-apprisen) * [Expected Cost](#toc-expected-cost) * [Expected Relief Amount](#toc-expected-relief-amount) * [Expected Time to Complete the Program](#toc-expected-time-to-complete-the-program) * [Client Dashboard](#toc-client-dashboard) * [Customer Service](#toc-customer-service) * [Customer Satisfaction](#toc-customer-satisfaction-and-reviews) * [Alternatives](#toc-apprisen-vs-money-management-international-vs-incharge-debt-solutions) * [Is Credit Counseling Worth It?](#toc-is-credit-counseling-worth-it) * [The Bottom Line](#toc-the-bottom-line) * [FAQs](#toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs) * [Methodology](#toc-how-we-determine-the-best-credit-counseling-services) ## Pros and Cons Explained ### Pros * **Relatively low debt management plan fees:** Apprisen's setup and monthly service fees max out at $45, which is low compared to some other credit counseling agencies. Additionally, Apprisen offers to reduce or even eliminate its fees altogether if you're experiencing financial hardship. * **Comprehensive financial and credit services:** The agency offers a wide range of credit counseling services that can help you learn more about how to manage your money effectively, with personalized advice for your situation and goals. * **Positive customer reviews:** Online reviews for Apprisen are overwhelmingly positive, with many customers praising its team members' compassion, professionalism, and attentiveness. * **Offers a mobile app:** Apprisen makes it easy to manage your debt management plan. Its mobile app, myApprisen (available on Android and iPhone) provides an overview of your original and current balance, your monthly payment and due date, an estimated payoff date, and additional resources. Not all credit counseling agencies offer this feature. ### Cons * **Limited weekend hours:** The agency only offers weekend customer support for IRIS, its online financial assessment service. If you need support for other programs, you’ll have to contact Apprisen during the week. * **Some additional services require a fee:** If you want to take advantage of Apprisen's other services and programs, you may need to pay a one-time or subscription fee. ## How Apprisen Works Apprisen offers a wide range of financial and credit counseling services. To get started, you can request a free custom financial action plan through IRIS, Apprisen's free online service, which will include recommendations on how to improve your financial management. You and your Apprisen advisor may decide that a [debt management plan](https://www.investopedia.com/debt-management-plans-8426688) would be helpful for you. If so, the agency will work with your creditors to potentially lower your monthly payments, reduce your interest rates, cut or waive fees, and bring your accounts current. Then, you'll make one monthly payment to Apprisen, which will disburse the funds to your creditors according to your plan agreement.  Only unsecured debts, like credit cards, are eligible for DMPs. Any amount of debt is eligible. However, there is a one-time setup fee of up to $45, and an ongoing monthly fee of up to $45—your fee will be determined based on your income and where you live. Once you're on a debt management plan, you can use the website or the myApprisen mobile app to manage your account and track your progress. You can cancel a debt management plan at any time, but you may face consequences from your creditors. If you need help for a specific circumstance, like student loan or bankruptcy counseling, you can select that option in the IRIS orientation or request that service from your advisor. ## Accreditations Apprisen is accredited by the [National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/national-foundation-for-consumer-credit.asp) and the Council on Accreditation (COA).  The agency also has approval from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to provide housing counseling services. Additionally, the agency's bankruptcy counseling, which is required before filing for bankruptcy, is approved by the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees. Finally, Apprisen is an accredited business with the [Better Business Bureau](https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-the-better-business-bureau-5024818), with an A+ rating. ## How to Enroll With Apprisen If you're interested in a debt management plan with Apprisen, the process can take a few days. Here's what you'll need to do: 1. **Request a financial analysis:** You can use IRIS, Apprisen’s online financial tools resource, to indicate which part of your financial situation you want to focus on. Options include debt, budgeting, building credit, housing, student loans, bankruptcy, small business finances, and others. 2. **Submit your information:** You'll start by providing your name, email address, and some basic information about your financial situation, including your income, debts, and expenses. 3. **Obtain your report:** Once you submit your information, a financial specialist will use IRIS to create a customized action plan, which can include recommendations for [budgeting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget.asp) and debt management. You can receive the plan in as little as 30 minutes, but it can take up to 48 hours, depending on when you submit your details. 4. **Speak to a financial specialist:** After you receive your plan, you can connect with a financial specialist to discuss the next steps, which may include a debt management plan, along with one or more of the credit counseling agency's programs. The specialist will indicate which debts are eligible for the plan. 5. **Create a debt management plan:** Your financial specialist will work with your creditors to create a manageable payment plan based on your financial situation. If you agree, you'll start making one monthly payment to the credit counseling agency, which will disburse it to your creditors. ## Types of Debt Addressed Apprisen's debt management plan is designed to help you pay off unsecured debts. That includes debts like credit cards, personal loans, and collection accounts. Medical bills may also be eligible, but only if they're in [collections](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/121514/how-debt-collection-agency-business-works.asp).  ## Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen Besides debt management plans, Apprisen also offers a host of other counseling services to meet specific financial needs and goals. Here are some of the programs.  ### Free Financial Analysis As you get started, you can get a customized report on your financial situation, along with some recommendations tailored to your needs and goals.  ### Financial Health Plan Opt for this service if you want a more comprehensive evaluation of your financial health, which includes a cash flow statement, a [debt ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtratio.asp) analysis, a personal balance sheet, a credit report review, a savings plan projection, and a customized action plan. The cost is $95 for an individual or joint session. ### Credit Health Education With this service, you'll work with a financial specialist to learn more about your credit profile and set some goals for improving your credit score. You’ll review your Experian credit report and [FICO credit score](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ficoscore.asp) and get some basic education about how credit scoring works and how to dispute credit report errors, among other things. It costs $65 for an individual session and $85 for a joint session. ### Student Loan Counseling This free service provides education on how to better [manage your student loan debt](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082115/10-tips-managing-your-student-loan-debt.asp). Topics include evaluating your repayment options, learning how to avoid default, reviewing your credit report, creating a spending plan, and getting an action plan for your specific situation. ### Housing Counseling Apprisen offers three different types of housing counseling: mortgage delinquency and foreclosure prevention, first-time homebuyer counseling and education, and first-time renter counseling and education. For the most part, these sessions are free. However, there is a $90 fee if your mortgage lender requires you to complete a pre-purchase mortgage counseling session. ### Bankruptcy Counseling If you're planning to file for [bankruptcy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp), you'll be required to complete a pre-filing counseling session, which costs $25 (though some people may be eligible for a waiver).  You'll also need to complete a post-bankruptcy education course to satisfy court requirements. For this, Apprisen offers a group workshop for $50. ### Propel Financial Coaching The Propel program costs $90 per year or $10 per month. You’ll get a series of financial coaching sessions over the course of a year, access to coaching on demand, and yearly checkups. ### Financial Courses With IRIS ConnectED, you can register for individual courses that cover many of the same topics that are covered by individual paid sessions. If you're looking to learn on your own, this can be a more affordable option. Course prices vary. ## Expected Cost For its debt management plans, Apprisen charges a one-time setup fee and a monthly service charge. These fees can vary depending on your income and state of residence, but they'll never exceed $45. If you're experiencing financial hardship, Apprisen may agree to reduce or even waive its fees.  In addition to the cost of the plan, you’ll be expected to pay down your debt by making regular monthly payments to Apprisen. The monthly payment amount will be determined when you develop your DMP with your advisor. ## Expected Relief Amount Many people who pursue a debt management plan qualify for lower interest rates and monthly payments and reduced or waived fees. If you have past-due debts, Apprisen may even be able to bring the account current. However, the credit counseling agency doesn't provide specifics on what you should expect, as the details can depend on your creditors and financial situation. ## Expected Time to Complete the Program Similar to other credit counseling agencies, a debt management plan with Apprisen typically takes three to five years to complete.  The length of your program will depend on many factors, including how much eligible debt you have, how much you can afford to pay each month, and your creditors' willingness to lower interest rates.  ## Client Dashboard Apprisen offers an online client dashboard, allowing you to view your account, make additional payments, and track your progress. You can also use the myApprisen app to accomplish these goals.  ## Customer Service | **Method** | **Contact Details** | **Availability** | | --- | --- | --- | | **Telephone** | (800) 355-2227 | Monday–Thursday: 8 a.m.–7 p.m. ETFriday: 8 a.m.–6 p.m. ETSaturday: 10 a.m.–2 p.m. ET (IRIS support only) | | **Live Chat** | On company website | Not disclosed | | **Contact Form** | On company website | 24/7 | ## Customer Satisfaction and Reviews Apprisen has a positive reputation overall. It has an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau, and an average customer rating of 4.87 out of 5 stars across 107 reviews on the platform.  As of March 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau hasn't received any recent complaints about the agency. ## Apprisen vs. Money Management International vs. InCharge Debt Solutions | | **Apprisen** | **Money Management International** | **InCharge Debt Solutions** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **Services Offered** | Credit counseling, debt management plans, student loan counseling, bankruptcy counseling, housing counseling, and more | Credit counseling, debt management plans, housing counseling, bankruptcy counseling, student loan counseling, debt settlement, military member support, natural disaster victim support | Credit counseling, debt management plans, bankruptcy counseling, homebuyer education courses | | **DMP Enrollment Fee** | $0–$45 | $0–$75; average $33 | $50–$75 | | **DMP Monthly Fee** | $0–$45 | $0–$59; average $25 | Average of $30 | | **Minimum Debt Required** | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Accreditations** | NFCC, COA, HUD, EOUST | NFCC, COA, HUD, BBB | NFCC, FCAA, HUD, EOUST, BBB | | **Year Established** | 1955 | 1958 | 1997 | While Apprisen charges relatively low fees and offers a wide variety of services, it's still a good idea to compare several credit counseling agencies to ensure you find the best fit for your needs and goals. * [Best Credit Counseling Companies](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499) * [Best Debt Relief Companies](https://www.investopedia.com/best-debt-relief-companies-4846588) ## Is Credit Counseling Worth It? Credit counseling can be a great way to get free or affordable advice tailored to your financial situation, needs, and goals. If you're overwhelmed with debt, a DMP can be a good way to tackle your debt situation with minimal impact on your credit score. Be aware that if you include credit card balances in your debt management plan, your creditors may force you to close your accounts. This action may reduce your available credit, which may cause your [credit utilization ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-utilization-rate.asp) to spike. This can have a negative impact on credit scores. Fortunately, your credit score will rebound as you pay down your balances, although it can take time to recover. You're still paying the full principal balance, so you won't have to worry about other major negative marks on your credit reports, as you would with debt forgiveness.  With that in mind, you should run the numbers with a credit counselor to determine whether the fees associated with a debt management plan are worth it. Also, while it may be in your creditors' best interests to work with you, they aren't obligated to do so, so there's no guarantee that you'll get lower interest rates or waived fees. If they aren’t amenable to a DMP, you may need to consider other ways to tackle your debt, like [bankruptcy or debt settlement](https://www.investopedia.com/debt-relief-vs-bankruptcy-understanding-your-options-8419029). ### Is Debt Relief Through Credit Counseling Taxable? Debt management plans may involve negotiating reduced interest rates and waived fees and may extend your repayment terms to make your monthly payment more affordable. But unlike [debt settlement](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-avoid-paying-taxes-on-debt-settlement-8419039), a debt management plan doesn't reduce your principal amount owed. As a result, there's no debt cancellation or forgiveness, which means there won't be a tax bill.  ## The Bottom Line Apprisen offers a wide range of credit counseling services, including a relatively affordable debt management plan. However, if you're looking for other credit counseling services, you may be able to find more affordable options elsewhere. Before you agree to a debt management plan or any other counseling service, shop around and compare options from several agencies to ensure you get the best deal. ## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ### Is Apprisen Legit? Yes, Apprisen is a legitimate nonprofit [credit counseling agency](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499), with roots going back nearly 70 years. It’s accredited by the NFCC and the International Association of Professional Debt Arbitrators (IAPDA). ### How Much Does Apprisen Cost? A debt management plan with Apprisen requires a setup fee and monthly service charge. In both cases, the most you can expect to pay is $45. The agency also offers other services, with fees varying depending on the program you choose. Customers facing financial difficulties may qualify for reduced or waived fees.  ### Does Apprisen Offer Debt Management Plans? Yes, Apprisen offers debt management plans for [unsecured debts](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/110614/what-difference-between-secured-and-unsecured-debts.asp). ### Does Apprisen Hurt Your Credit? Apprisen's basic credit counseling services won't have any effect on your credit score. However, if you get on a debt management plan you may be required to [close credit card accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/08/close-credit-card.asp), which can negatively impact your credit by increasing your credit utilization.  ## How We Determine the Best Credit Counseling Services To determine the best credit counseling services, we reviewed various databases, competitive analyses, consumer behavior, and more, ultimately narrowing down the list to 40 companies, including 17 companies that offer credit counseling services that include debt management plans. We developed a quantitative model where we identified 53 important criteria across five categories. We weighted each category as follows for this article: * **Costs and fees**: 37.00% * **Availability**: 19.50% * **Reputation and stability**: 18.50% * **Customer experience**: 9.00% * **Services**: 16.00% We then gathered data for the 53 criteria directly from companies via websites, media contacts, and existing partnerships. Data were collected between Oct. 19, 2023, and Dec. 18, 2023. This resulted in over 2,000 data points in our rubric, which we used to score and determine the best debt relief companies (including debt settlement and credit counseling services) for people looking to manage and get out of debt. To learn more about our process for finding the best debt relief companies, read our [full methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/debt-relief-review-methodology-5116156). [Get a Quote](https://www.apprisen.com/) Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. Better Business Bureau. “[Apprisen](https://www.bbb.org/us/oh/gahanna/profile/credit-and-debt-counseling/apprisen-0302-972).” 2. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “[Apprisen](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/consumer-complaints/search/?chartType=line&dateInterval=Month&dateRange=All&date_received_max=2024-03-12&date_received_min=2011-12-01&lens=Product&searchField=all&searchText=Apprisen&subLens=sub_product&tab=Trends).” Related Articles [![An illustration of people using their phones, with the words "Best Credit Counseling Services."]() ![An illustration of people using their phones, with the words ](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/BTEbeVcX_V_FQ0ST2Zixbxt_8Es=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DebtRelief-BestCreditCounselingServices1-b13a836eb51e42d4b2d7a8dca786c141.png) Best Credit Counseling Services of 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-counseling-services-5179499) [![Cambridge Credit Counseling logo]() ![Cambridge Credit Counseling logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/3Y1jrdA096PTbVGTMyIlGuW71LE=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Cambridge-Credit-Counseling-Corp-Debt-Relief-recirc-30082cfc47224bd19c0aa5c2d72c4c09.jpeg) Cambridge Credit Counseling Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/cambridge-credit-counseling-review-8620802) [![InCharge Debt Solutions logo]() ![InCharge Debt Solutions logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/LXVPmjpfBBz_6QkCGWP5PXwaWak=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/InCharge-Debt-Solutions-Debt-Relief-recirc-68da0814244b4a10b6ee2ab2f63e81ed.jpeg) InCharge Debt Solutions Credit Counseling Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/incharge-debt-solutions-review-5113747) [![American Consumer Credit Counseling logo]() ![American Consumer Credit Counseling logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/oLRjPLbs2ORWFVMpGcJPaDHuQ-g=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/American-Consumer-Credit-Counseling-Debt-Relief-recirc-93996a9926b5414d9b5f7bf975c23a40.jpeg) American Consumer Credit Counseling Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/american-consumer-credit-counseling-review-8621035) [![Money Management International logo]() ![Money Management International logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kHUnJM3mNiyL9sEXKb4XKF5rhNs=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Money-Management-International-Debt-Relief-recirc-8e57c6a8599c480f8f7c0498f7b7f800.jpeg) Money Management International Review 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/money-management-international-review-8620800) [![Woman speaks with a credit counselor]() ![Woman speaks with a credit counselor](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Q9SBfzcYBfkR5GDOCX8Dv3TFvjY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1180036854-ababdd9166684d4baf94f5aaac00fd52.jpg) Credit Counseling: What It Means and How It Works](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-counseling.asp)
Apprisen Investopedia’s Rating 4.8 Get a Quote Our Take Apprisen charges below-average fees for its debt management plans compared to other choices. It offers a host of other affordable services, including personalized financial plans, on-demand financial coaching, credit health education, bankruptcy counseling, and more. Apprisen is Investopedia’s top-rated credit counseling agency because it excelled in all the categories we used to rate and review credit counseling services, like costs, availability, types of services, and customer satisfaction. Pros & Cons Key Takeaways Company Overview Pros & Cons Pros Relatively low debt management plan fees Comprehensive financial and credit services Positive customer reviews Offers a mobile app Cons Limited weekend hours Some additional services require a fee Key Takeaways Apprisen is a nonprofit credit counseling agency that operates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Apprisen's financial specialists are certified through the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).Apprisen was established in 1955, giving it the longest track record among debt relief companies we reviewed.Apprisen has no minimum debt requirement and no maximum debt limit. Company Overview Apprisen can trace its roots back to 1955, when the first free credit counseling service, Economy Budget Service Company, was established. In 2009, after growing into a national company serving all 50 states, “Apprisen” was chosen as a more suitable name. It’s now based in Columbus, Ohio. While most of its services are online, the agency offers in-person services at a handful of branches in Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee.  Apprisen has a solid reputation and stellar customer reviews. Year Founded 1955 State Availability All 50 U.S. states and D.C. Services Offered Debt management plans, financial coaching, financial review, student loan counseling, bankruptcy counseling, housing counseling, credit health education, financial education platform and workshops Minimum Debt Required None Maximum Debt Allowed None Debt Management Plan Enrollment Fee $0–$45 Debt Management Plan Monthly Fee $0–45 Phone Number (800) 355-2227 Apprisen overall rating 4.8 Get a Quote Table of Contents View All Apprisen Credit Counseling Review 2024 Pros and Cons Explained How Apprisen Works Accreditations How to Enroll Types of Debt Addressed Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen Expected Cost Expected Relief Amount Expected Time to Complete the Program Client Dashboard Customer Service Customer Satisfaction Alternatives Is Credit Counseling Worth It? The Bottom Line FAQs Methodology Pros and Cons Explained Pros Relatively low debt management plan fees: Apprisen's setup and monthly service fees max out at $45, which is low compared to some other credit counseling agencies. Additionally, Apprisen offers to reduce or even eliminate its fees altogether if you're experiencing financial hardship.Comprehensive financial and credit services: The agency offers a wide range of credit counseling services that can help you learn more about how to manage your money effectively, with personalized advice for your situation and goals.Positive customer reviews: Online reviews for Apprisen are overwhelmingly positive, with many customers praising its team members' compassion, professionalism, and attentiveness.Offers a mobile app: Apprisen makes it easy to manage your debt management plan. Its mobile app, myApprisen (available on Android and iPhone) provides an overview of your original and current balance, your monthly payment and due date, an estimated payoff date, and additional resources. Not all credit counseling agencies offer this feature.  Cons Limited weekend hours: The agency only offers weekend customer support for IRIS, its online financial assessment service. If you need support for other programs, you’ll have to contact Apprisen during the week.Some additional services require a fee: If you want to take advantage of Apprisen's other services and programs, you may need to pay a one-time or subscription fee.  How Apprisen Works Apprisen offers a wide range of financial and credit counseling services. To get started, you can request a free custom financial action plan through IRIS, Apprisen's free online service, which will include recommendations on how to improve your financial management. You and your Apprisen advisor may decide that a debt management plan would be helpful for you. If so, the agency will work with your creditors to potentially lower your monthly payments, reduce your interest rates, cut or waive fees, and bring your accounts current. Then, you'll make one monthly payment to Apprisen, which will disburse the funds to your creditors according to your plan agreement.  Only unsecured debts, like credit cards, are eligible for DMPs. Any amount of debt is eligible. However, there is a one-time setup fee of up to $45, and an ongoing monthly fee of up to $45—your fee will be determined based on your income and where you live. Once you're on a debt management plan, you can use the website or the myApprisen mobile app to manage your account and track your progress. You can cancel a debt management plan at any time, but you may face consequences from your creditors. If you need help for a specific circumstance, like student loan or bankruptcy counseling, you can select that option in the IRIS orientation or request that service from your advisor. Accreditations Apprisen is accredited by the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) and the Council on Accreditation (COA).  The agency also has approval from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to provide housing counseling services. Additionally, the agency's bankruptcy counseling, which is required before filing for bankruptcy, is approved by the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees. Finally, Apprisen is an accredited business with the Better Business Bureau, with an A+ rating. How to Enroll With Apprisen If you're interested in a debt management plan with Apprisen, the process can take a few days. Here's what you'll need to do: Request a financial analysis: You can use IRIS, Apprisen’s online financial tools resource, to indicate which part of your financial situation you want to focus on. Options include debt, budgeting, building credit, housing, student loans, bankruptcy, small business finances, and others. Submit your information: You'll start by providing your name, email address, and some basic information about your financial situation, including your income, debts, and expenses. Obtain your report: Once you submit your information, a financial specialist will use IRIS to create a customized action plan, which can include recommendations for budgeting and debt management. You can receive the plan in as little as 30 minutes, but it can take up to 48 hours, depending on when you submit your details.  Speak to a financial specialist: After you receive your plan, you can connect with a financial specialist to discuss the next steps, which may include a debt management plan, along with one or more of the credit counseling agency's programs. The specialist will indicate which debts are eligible for the plan. Create a debt management plan: Your financial specialist will work with your creditors to create a manageable payment plan based on your financial situation. If you agree, you'll start making one monthly payment to the credit counseling agency, which will disburse it to your creditors.  Types of Debt Addressed Apprisen's debt management plan is designed to help you pay off unsecured debts. That includes debts like credit cards, personal loans, and collection accounts. Medical bills may also be eligible, but only if they're in collections.  Counseling Services Offered by Apprisen Besides debt management plans, Apprisen also offers a host of other counseling services to meet specific financial needs and goals. Here are some of the programs.  Free Financial Analysis As you get started, you can get a customized report on your financial situation, along with some recommendations tailored to your needs and goals.  Financial Health Plan Opt for this service if you want a more comprehensive evaluation of your financial health, which includes a cash flow statement, a debt ratio analysis, a personal balance sheet, a credit report review, a savings plan projection, and a customized action plan. The cost is $95 for an individual or joint session. Credit Health Education With this service, you'll work with a financial specialist to learn more about your credit profile and set some goals for improving your credit score. You’ll review your Experian credit report and FICO credit score and get some basic education about how credit scoring works and how to dispute credit report errors, among other things. It costs $65 for an individual session and $85 for a joint session. Student Loan Counseling This free service provides education on how to better manage your student loan debt. Topics include evaluating your repayment options, learning how to avoid default, reviewing your credit report, creating a spending plan, and getting an action plan for your specific situation. Housing Counseling Apprisen offers three different types of housing counseling: mortgage delinquency and foreclosure prevention, first-time homebuyer counseling and education, and first-time renter counseling and education. For the most part, these sessions are free. However, there is a $90 fee if your mortgage lender requires you to complete a pre-purchase mortgage counseling session. Bankruptcy Counseling If you're planning to file for bankruptcy, you'll be required to complete a pre-filing counseling session, which costs $25 (though some people may be eligible for a waiver).  You'll also need to complete a post-bankruptcy education course to satisfy court requirements. For this, Apprisen offers a group workshop for $50. Propel Financial Coaching The Propel program costs $90 per year or $10 per month. You’ll get a series of financial coaching sessions over the course of a year, access to coaching on demand, and yearly checkups. Financial Courses With IRIS ConnectED, you can register for individual courses that cover many of the same topics that are covered by individual paid sessions. If you're looking to learn on your own, this can be a more affordable option. Course prices vary. Expected Cost For its debt management plans, Apprisen charges a one-time setup fee and a monthly service charge. These fees can vary depending on your income and state of residence, but they'll never exceed $45. If you're experiencing financial hardship, Apprisen may agree to reduce or even waive its fees.  In addition to the cost of the plan, you’ll be expected to pay down your debt by making regular monthly payments to Apprisen. The monthly payment amount will be determined when you develop your DMP with your advisor. Expected Relief Amount Many people who pursue a debt management plan qualify for lower interest rates and monthly payments and reduced or waived fees. If you have past-due debts, Apprisen may even be able to bring the account current. However, the credit counseling agency doesn't provide specifics on what you should expect, as the details can depend on your creditors and financial situation. Expected Time to Complete the Program Similar to other credit counseling agencies, a debt management plan with Apprisen typically takes three to five years to complete.  The length of your program will depend on many factors, including how much eligible debt you have, how much you can afford to pay each month, and your creditors' willingness to lower interest rates.  Client Dashboard Apprisen offers an online client dashboard, allowing you to view your account, make additional payments, and track your progress. You can also use the myApprisen app to accomplish these goals.  Customer Service Method Contact Details Availability Telephone (800) 355-2227 Monday–Thursday: 8 a.m.–7 p.m. ETFriday: 8 a.m.–6 p.m. ETSaturday: 10 a.m.–2 p.m. ET (IRIS support only) Live Chat On company website Not disclosed Contact Form On company website 24/7 Customer Satisfaction and Reviews Apprisen has a positive reputation overall. It has an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau, and an average customer rating of 4.87 out of 5 stars across 107 reviews on the platform.  As of March 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau hasn't received any recent complaints about the agency. Apprisen vs. Money Management International vs. InCharge Debt Solutions Apprisen Money Management International InCharge Debt Solutions Services Offered Credit counseling, debt management plans, student loan counseling, bankruptcy counseling, housing counseling, and more Credit counseling, debt management plans, housing counseling, bankruptcy counseling, student loan counseling, debt settlement, military member support, natural disaster victim support Credit counseling, debt management plans, bankruptcy counseling, homebuyer education courses DMP Enrollment Fee $0–$45 $0–$75; average $33 $50–$75 DMP Monthly Fee $0–$45 $0–$59; average $25 Average of $30 Minimum Debt Required $0 $0 $0 Accreditations NFCC, COA, HUD, EOUST NFCC, COA, HUD, BBB NFCC, FCAA, HUD, EOUST, BBB Year Established 1955 1958 1997 While Apprisen charges relatively low fees and offers a wide variety of services, it's still a good idea to compare several credit counseling agencies to ensure you find the best fit for your needs and goals. Best Credit Counseling Companies Best Debt Relief Companies Is Credit Counseling Worth It? Credit counseling can be a great way to get free or affordable advice tailored to your financial situation, needs, and goals. If you're overwhelmed with debt, a DMP can be a good way to tackle your debt situation with minimal impact on your credit score. Be aware that if you include credit card balances in your debt management plan, your creditors may force you to close your accounts. This action may reduce your available credit, which may cause your credit utilization ratio to spike. This can have a negative impact on credit scores. Fortunately, your credit score will rebound as you pay down your balances, although it can take time to recover. You're still paying the full principal balance, so you won't have to worry about other major negative marks on your credit reports, as you would with debt forgiveness.  With that in mind, you should run the numbers with a credit counselor to determine whether the fees associated with a debt management plan are worth it. Also, while it may be in your creditors' best interests to work with you, they aren't obligated to do so, so there's no guarantee that you'll get lower interest rates or waived fees. If they aren’t amenable to a DMP, you may need to consider other ways to tackle your debt, like bankruptcy or debt settlement. Is Debt Relief Through Credit Counseling Taxable? Debt management plans may involve negotiating reduced interest rates and waived fees and may extend your repayment terms to make your monthly payment more affordable. But unlike debt settlement, a debt management plan doesn't reduce your principal amount owed. As a result, there's no debt cancellation or forgiveness, which means there won't be a tax bill.  The Bottom Line Apprisen offers a wide range of credit counseling services, including a relatively affordable debt management plan. However, if you're looking for other credit counseling services, you may be able to find more affordable options elsewhere. Before you agree to a debt management plan or any other counseling service, shop around and compare options from several agencies to ensure you get the best deal. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Is Apprisen Legit? Yes, Apprisen is a legitimate nonprofit credit counseling agency, with roots going back nearly 70 years. It’s accredited by the NFCC and the International Association of Professional Debt Arbitrators (IAPDA). How Much Does Apprisen Cost? A debt management plan with Apprisen requires a setup fee and monthly service charge. In both cases, the most you can expect to pay is $45. The agency also offers other services, with fees varying depending on the program you choose. Customers facing financial difficulties may qualify for reduced or waived fees.  Does Apprisen Offer Debt Management Plans? Yes, Apprisen offers debt management plans for unsecured debts. Does Apprisen Hurt Your Credit? Apprisen's basic credit counseling services won't have any effect on your credit score. However, if you get on a debt management plan you may be required to close credit card accounts, which can negatively impact your credit by increasing your credit utilization.  How We Determine the Best Credit Counseling Services To determine the best credit counseling services, we reviewed various databases, competitive analyses, consumer behavior, and more, ultimately narrowing down the list to 40 companies, including 17 companies that offer credit counseling services that include debt management plans. We developed a quantitative model where we identified 53 important criteria across five categories. We weighted each category as follows for this article: Costs and fees: 37.00%Availability: 19.50%Reputation and stability: 18.50%Customer experience: 9.00%Services: 16.00% We then gathered data for the 53 criteria directly from companies via websites, media contacts, and existing partnerships. Data were collected between Oct. 19, 2023, and Dec. 18, 2023. This resulted in over 2,000 data points in our rubric, which we used to score and determine the best debt relief companies (including debt settlement and credit counseling services) for people looking to manage and get out of debt. To learn more about our process for finding the best debt relief companies, read our full methodology. Get a Quote Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Better Business Bureau. “Apprisen.” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “Apprisen.” Related Articles Best Credit Counseling Services of 2024 Cambridge Credit Counseling Review 2024 InCharge Debt Solutions Credit Counseling Review 2024 American Consumer Credit Counseling Review 2024 Money Management International Review 2024 Credit Counseling: What It Means and How It Works
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/mutualfund/06/activisthedgefund.asp
Activist Hedge Funds: Follow the Trail to Profit
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hedge funds</a> are lightly regulated <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privateinvestmentfund.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">private investment funds</a> that use unconventional investment strategies and tax shelters in an attempt to make extraordinary returns in any market. Typically, these funds are structured as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/limitedpartnership.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">limited partnerships</a> and limit investment to business or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/institutionalinvestor.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">institutional investors</a>. These factors have given them a secretive and shady aura in the financial community; however, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)</a> rules and regulations make it possible for anyone to take a glimpse into their activities. This article will explore how savvy individual investors can profit off of some of Wall Street's most ruthless hedge funds. (See also: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>A Brief History of the Hedge Fund</em></a>.) </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-1-find-a-hedge-fund-to-watch"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 1: Find a Hedge Fund to Watch </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Most hedge funds invest using unconventional strategies, but others take a more active role in realizing the value of their investments—these are known as activist hedge funds. Activist hedge funds not only engage the company's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boardoftrustees.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">board</a> and management in discussion, but also wage <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proxyfight.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">proxy battles</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidate.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">liquidate</a> assets and even force sales of companies. These activities can provide opportunities to savvy individual investors willing to do a little digging! </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Those who have spent some time in the marketplace may be familiar with many of the activist hedge funds out there. Some funds are very public when fighting management, while others are extremely quiet about their activities. (See also: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>Introduction to Hedge Funds—Part 1</em></a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>Part 2</em></a>.) </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-2-tracking-hedge-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 2: Tracking Hedge Funds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Hedge funds may be mysterious on the surface; however, the SEC mandates a certain level of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transparency.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">transparency</a>—particularly when activist hedge funds are involved. It's through these SEC filings that we can get a glimpse into the actions being taken by activist hedge funds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> You can find SEC filings by using the official <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://edgar.sec.gov/" rel="noopener noreferrer">EDGAR database</a> or other free services like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="http://www.secfilings.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">SECFilings</a>, which allow you to set up email and RSS alerts to send notifications when hedge funds make trades. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> The most important form filed by activist hedge funds is the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/schedule13d.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Schedule 13D</a>, which is a statement of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/beneficialowner.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">beneficial ownership</a> (5% or above).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> There are several sections within this filing that can clue us in to the hedge fund's motivations and possible future actions: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <strong><em>1. Security and Issuer:</em> </strong>This contains basic information about the stock and associated company. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <strong><em>2. Identity and Background:</em></strong> This section contains information about the hedge fund acquiring the stock, including disclosure of its criminal record and any pending lawsuits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <strong><em>3. Source, Amount of Funds and Other Considerations:</em></strong> This section explains where the funds used to buy the stock are coming from (cash-on-hand or debt). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <strong><em>4. Purpose of Transaction:</em></strong> This is the most important section of the 13D; it details exactly what the hedge fund is planning to do with its investment. A hedge fund is required to disclose whether it is holding stock purely as an investment or if it is interested in "seeking strategic alternatives." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <strong><em>5. Interest in Securities of the Issuer:</em></strong> This section discloses the number of shares owned and occasionally the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transaction-date.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">transaction dates</a> for major purchases. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <strong><em>6. Material to Be Filed as Exhibits: </em></strong>This is the second most important section of the 13D; it contains any letters to management or other exhibits that often contain extremely useful information detailing future action.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Combined, this information can give individual investors a lot of insight into what the hedge fund is attempting to do with its investment and whether it will be attempting to take over the company or is simply looking for a good investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-3-deciphering-a-hedge-funds-activity"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 3: Deciphering a Hedge Fund's Activity </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> The "Purpose of Transaction" section of the 13D filing with the SEC describes exactly what the hedge fund is planning to do.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> There are two different types of demands that hedge funds make in these letters: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <strong><em>1. Demands to the Board:</em></strong> These are specific requests made to the board of directors demanding certain changes. These may include management replacements, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">mergers or acquisitions</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalstructure.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">capital structure</a> changes, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disbursement.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">disbursement</a> of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cash-reserves.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">cash reserves</a> and other items. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <strong><em>2. Appeals to Shareholders:</em></strong> These are situations in which the hedge fund is looking to take over the company via a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proxy.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">proxy</a> battle. This is a situation that requires shareholders to vote to sign-on the hedge funds nominees instead of the company's incumbent directors. Activist hedge funds engage in many activities to unlock <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shareholder-value.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">shareholder value</a>, including: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <li>Management replacements or changes</li> <li>Potential <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/merger.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">mergers</a> or acquisitions</li> <li>Capital structure changes</li> <li>Expenditure or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/executive_compensation.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">executive compensation</a> cuts</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disbursement.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Disbursements</a> of cash reserves to shareholders via <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">dividends</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyback.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">buybacks</a>, etc.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Altogether, this section of the 13D filing gives you all the information you need to know about the situation. Most of the time, these hedge funds have nothing to hide because they want investors to understand how management is failing. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-4-acting-on-the-information"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 4: Acting on the Information </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> There are two types of opportunities that activist hedge funds create: (1) long-term <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/turnaround.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">turnarounds</a> or (2) short-term <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exitstrategy.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">exit strategies</a>. Obviously, the short-term actions are most advantageous to those following hedge fund activities because they provide the largest returns in the shortest amount of time. This is particularly true for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyout.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">buyouts</a> because they always happen <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/at-a-premium.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">at a premium</a> to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-price.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">market price</a>. Here are some common hedge fund activities and their general payoff times: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <strong><em>Short-Term Activities:</em></strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> <li>Sale of the company</li> <li>Liquidation of assets</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/specialdividend.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Special dividends</a></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <strong><em>Medium-Term Activities:</em></strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> <li>Replacing board members</li><li>Firing management</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> <strong><em>Long-Term Activities:</em></strong> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> <li>Share buyback programs</li><li>Small dividends</li><li>Capital structure changes</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> It is important to consider all of these things before following a hedge fund. Remember that in almost all cases, a fund will have averaged in at lower prices than yours, causing the potential for a large difference in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breakevenpoint.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">breakeven</a> points. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> Although investing alongside hedge funds isn't a guaranteed way to make money, it is a great way to find opportunities. By carefully analyzing the terms of the deals and proposals, it is possible for savvy investors to find attractive short-term and long-term investment opportunities. </p></div>
[Hedge funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp) are lightly regulated [private investment funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privateinvestmentfund.asp) that use unconventional investment strategies and tax shelters in an attempt to make extraordinary returns in any market. Typically, these funds are structured as [limited partnerships](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/limitedpartnership.asp) and limit investment to business or [institutional investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/institutionalinvestor.asp). These factors have given them a secretive and shady aura in the financial community; however, [Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp) rules and regulations make it possible for anyone to take a glimpse into their activities. This article will explore how savvy individual investors can profit off of some of Wall Street's most ruthless hedge funds. (See also: [*A Brief History of the Hedge Fund*](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp).) ## Step 1: Find a Hedge Fund to Watch Most hedge funds invest using unconventional strategies, but others take a more active role in realizing the value of their investments—these are known as activist hedge funds. Activist hedge funds not only engage the company's [board](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boardoftrustees.asp) and management in discussion, but also wage [proxy battles](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proxyfight.asp), [liquidate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidate.asp) assets and even force sales of companies. These activities can provide opportunities to savvy individual investors willing to do a little digging! Those who have spent some time in the marketplace may be familiar with many of the activist hedge funds out there. Some funds are very public when fighting management, while others are extremely quiet about their activities. (See also: [*Introduction to Hedge Funds—Part 1*](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp) and [*Part 2*](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp).) ## Step 2: Tracking Hedge Funds Hedge funds may be mysterious on the surface; however, the SEC mandates a certain level of [transparency](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transparency.asp)—particularly when activist hedge funds are involved. It's through these SEC filings that we can get a glimpse into the actions being taken by activist hedge funds. You can find SEC filings by using the official [EDGAR database](http://edgar.sec.gov/) or other free services like [SECFilings](http://www.secfilings.com/), which allow you to set up email and RSS alerts to send notifications when hedge funds make trades. The most important form filed by activist hedge funds is the [Schedule 13D](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/schedule13d.asp), which is a statement of [beneficial ownership](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/beneficialowner.asp) (5% or above). There are several sections within this filing that can clue us in to the hedge fund's motivations and possible future actions: ***1. Security and Issuer:*** This contains basic information about the stock and associated company. ***2. Identity and Background:*** This section contains information about the hedge fund acquiring the stock, including disclosure of its criminal record and any pending lawsuits. ***3. Source, Amount of Funds and Other Considerations:*** This section explains where the funds used to buy the stock are coming from (cash-on-hand or debt). ***4. Purpose of Transaction:*** This is the most important section of the 13D; it details exactly what the hedge fund is planning to do with its investment. A hedge fund is required to disclose whether it is holding stock purely as an investment or if it is interested in "seeking strategic alternatives." ***5. Interest in Securities of the Issuer:*** This section discloses the number of shares owned and occasionally the [transaction dates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transaction-date.asp) for major purchases. ***6. Material to Be Filed as Exhibits:*** This is the second most important section of the 13D; it contains any letters to management or other exhibits that often contain extremely useful information detailing future action. Combined, this information can give individual investors a lot of insight into what the hedge fund is attempting to do with its investment and whether it will be attempting to take over the company or is simply looking for a good investment. ## Step 3: Deciphering a Hedge Fund's Activity The "Purpose of Transaction" section of the 13D filing with the SEC describes exactly what the hedge fund is planning to do. There are two different types of demands that hedge funds make in these letters: ***1. Demands to the Board:*** These are specific requests made to the board of directors demanding certain changes. These may include management replacements, [mergers or acquisitions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp), [capital structure](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalstructure.asp) changes, [disbursement](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disbursement.asp) of [cash reserves](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cash-reserves.asp) and other items. ***2. Appeals to Shareholders:*** These are situations in which the hedge fund is looking to take over the company via a [proxy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proxy.asp) battle. This is a situation that requires shareholders to vote to sign-on the hedge funds nominees instead of the company's incumbent directors. Activist hedge funds engage in many activities to unlock [shareholder value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shareholder-value.asp), including: * Management replacements or changes * Potential [mergers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/merger.asp) or acquisitions * Capital structure changes * Expenditure or [executive compensation](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/executive_compensation.asp) cuts * [Disbursements](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disbursement.asp) of cash reserves to shareholders via [dividends](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp), [buybacks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyback.asp), etc. Altogether, this section of the 13D filing gives you all the information you need to know about the situation. Most of the time, these hedge funds have nothing to hide because they want investors to understand how management is failing. ## Step 4: Acting on the Information There are two types of opportunities that activist hedge funds create: (1) long-term [turnarounds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/turnaround.asp) or (2) short-term [exit strategies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exitstrategy.asp). Obviously, the short-term actions are most advantageous to those following hedge fund activities because they provide the largest returns in the shortest amount of time. This is particularly true for [buyouts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyout.asp) because they always happen [at a premium](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/at-a-premium.asp) to the [market price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-price.asp). Here are some common hedge fund activities and their general payoff times: ***Short-Term Activities:*** * Sale of the company * Liquidation of assets * [Special dividends](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/specialdividend.asp) ***Medium-Term Activities:*** * Replacing board members * Firing management ***Long-Term Activities:*** * Share buyback programs * Small dividends * Capital structure changes It is important to consider all of these things before following a hedge fund. Remember that in almost all cases, a fund will have averaged in at lower prices than yours, causing the potential for a large difference in [breakeven](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breakevenpoint.asp) points. ## The Bottom Line Although investing alongside hedge funds isn't a guaranteed way to make money, it is a great way to find opportunities. By carefully analyzing the terms of the deals and proposals, it is possible for savvy investors to find attractive short-term and long-term investment opportunities.
Hedge funds are lightly regulated private investment funds that use unconventional investment strategies and tax shelters in an attempt to make extraordinary returns in any market. Typically, these funds are structured as limited partnerships and limit investment to business or institutional investors. These factors have given them a secretive and shady aura in the financial community; however, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules and regulations make it possible for anyone to take a glimpse into their activities. This article will explore how savvy individual investors can profit off of some of Wall Street's most ruthless hedge funds. (See also: A Brief History of the Hedge Fund.) Step 1: Find a Hedge Fund to Watch Most hedge funds invest using unconventional strategies, but others take a more active role in realizing the value of their investments—these are known as activist hedge funds. Activist hedge funds not only engage the company's board and management in discussion, but also wage proxy battles, liquidate assets and even force sales of companies. These activities can provide opportunities to savvy individual investors willing to do a little digging! Those who have spent some time in the marketplace may be familiar with many of the activist hedge funds out there. Some funds are very public when fighting management, while others are extremely quiet about their activities. (See also: Introduction to Hedge Funds—Part 1 and Part 2.) Step 2: Tracking Hedge Funds Hedge funds may be mysterious on the surface; however, the SEC mandates a certain level of transparency—particularly when activist hedge funds are involved. It's through these SEC filings that we can get a glimpse into the actions being taken by activist hedge funds. You can find SEC filings by using the official EDGAR database or other free services like SECFilings, which allow you to set up email and RSS alerts to send notifications when hedge funds make trades. The most important form filed by activist hedge funds is the Schedule 13D, which is a statement of beneficial ownership (5% or above). There are several sections within this filing that can clue us in to the hedge fund's motivations and possible future actions: 1. Security and Issuer: This contains basic information about the stock and associated company. 2. Identity and Background: This section contains information about the hedge fund acquiring the stock, including disclosure of its criminal record and any pending lawsuits. 3. Source, Amount of Funds and Other Considerations: This section explains where the funds used to buy the stock are coming from (cash-on-hand or debt). 4. Purpose of Transaction: This is the most important section of the 13D; it details exactly what the hedge fund is planning to do with its investment. A hedge fund is required to disclose whether it is holding stock purely as an investment or if it is interested in "seeking strategic alternatives." 5. Interest in Securities of the Issuer: This section discloses the number of shares owned and occasionally the transaction dates for major purchases. 6. Material to Be Filed as Exhibits: This is the second most important section of the 13D; it contains any letters to management or other exhibits that often contain extremely useful information detailing future action. Combined, this information can give individual investors a lot of insight into what the hedge fund is attempting to do with its investment and whether it will be attempting to take over the company or is simply looking for a good investment. Step 3: Deciphering a Hedge Fund's Activity The "Purpose of Transaction" section of the 13D filing with the SEC describes exactly what the hedge fund is planning to do. There are two different types of demands that hedge funds make in these letters: 1. Demands to the Board: These are specific requests made to the board of directors demanding certain changes. These may include management replacements, mergers or acquisitions, capital structure changes, disbursement of cash reserves and other items. 2. Appeals to Shareholders: These are situations in which the hedge fund is looking to take over the company via a proxy battle. This is a situation that requires shareholders to vote to sign-on the hedge funds nominees instead of the company's incumbent directors. Activist hedge funds engage in many activities to unlock shareholder value, including: Management replacements or changes Potential mergers or acquisitions Capital structure changes Expenditure or executive compensation cuts Disbursements of cash reserves to shareholders via dividends, buybacks, etc. Altogether, this section of the 13D filing gives you all the information you need to know about the situation. Most of the time, these hedge funds have nothing to hide because they want investors to understand how management is failing. Step 4: Acting on the Information There are two types of opportunities that activist hedge funds create: (1) long-term turnarounds or (2) short-term exit strategies. Obviously, the short-term actions are most advantageous to those following hedge fund activities because they provide the largest returns in the shortest amount of time. This is particularly true for buyouts because they always happen at a premium to the market price. Here are some common hedge fund activities and their general payoff times: Short-Term Activities: Sale of the company Liquidation of assets Special dividends Medium-Term Activities: Replacing board membersFiring management Long-Term Activities: Share buyback programsSmall dividendsCapital structure changes It is important to consider all of these things before following a hedge fund. Remember that in almost all cases, a fund will have averaged in at lower prices than yours, causing the potential for a large difference in breakeven points. The Bottom Line Although investing alongside hedge funds isn't a guaranteed way to make money, it is a great way to find opportunities. By carefully analyzing the terms of the deals and proposals, it is possible for savvy investors to find attractive short-term and long-term investment opportunities.
[ [ "Hedge funds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp" ], [ "private investment funds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privateinvestmentfund.asp" ], [ "limited partnerships", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/limitedpartnership.asp" ], [ "institutional investors", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/institutionalinvestor.asp" ], [ "Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp" ], [ "*A Brief History of the Hedge Fund*", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp" ], [ "board", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boardoftrustees.asp" ], [ "proxy battles", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proxyfight.asp" ], [ "liquidate", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidate.asp" ], [ "*Introduction to Hedge Funds—Part 1*", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp" ], [ "*Part 2*", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp" ], [ "transparency", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transparency.asp" ], [ "EDGAR database", "http://edgar.sec.gov/" ], [ "SECFilings", "http://www.secfilings.com/" ], [ "Schedule 13D", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/schedule13d.asp" ], [ "beneficial ownership", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/beneficialowner.asp" ], [ "transaction dates", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transaction-date.asp" ], [ "mergers or acquisitions", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp" ], [ "capital structure", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalstructure.asp" ], [ "disbursement", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disbursement.asp" ], [ "cash reserves", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cash-reserves.asp" ], [ "proxy", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proxy.asp" ], [ "shareholder value", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shareholder-value.asp" ], [ "mergers", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/merger.asp" ], [ "executive compensation", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/executive_compensation.asp" ], [ "Disbursements", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disbursement.asp" ], [ "dividends", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp" ], [ "buybacks", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyback.asp" ], [ "turnarounds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/turnaround.asp" ], [ "exit strategies", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exitstrategy.asp" ], [ "buyouts", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyout.asp" ], [ "at a premium", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/at-a-premium.asp" ], [ "market price", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-price.asp" ], [ "Special dividends", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/specialdividend.asp" ], [ "breakeven", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breakevenpoint.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/electroniccheck.asp
Electronic Check (E-Check): Definition and How It Works
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-an-electronic-check-e-check"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is an Electronic Check (E-Check)? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> An electronic check, or e-check, is a form of payment made via the Internet, or another data network, designed to perform the same function as a conventional paper check. Since the check is in an electronic format, it can be processed in fewer steps. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Additionally, it has more security features than standard paper checks including authentication, <a class="CMY_Link CMY_Valid" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/public-key.asp">public key</a> cryptography, digital signatures, and encryption, among others. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>An electronic check is a form of payment made via the internet that is designed to perform the same function as a conventional paper check.</li><li>One of the more frequently used versions of the electronic check is the direct deposit system offered by many employers.</li><li>Generally, the costs associated with issuing an electronic check are notably lower than those associated with paper checks.</li><li>An electronic check has more security features than standard paper checks. </li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-an-electronic-check-e-check-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How an Electronic Check (E-Check) Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> An electronic check is part of the larger electronic banking field and part of a subset of transactions referred to as electronic fund transfers (EFTs). This includes not only electronic checks but also other computerized banking functions such as ATM withdrawals and deposits, debit card transactions, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/electronic-deposit-insurance-estimator-7371315">remote check depositing</a> features. The transactions require the use of various computer and networking technologies to gain access to the relevant account data to perform the requested actions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Electronic checks were developed in response to the transactions that arose in the world of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ecommerce.asp">electronic commerce</a>. Electronic checks can be used to make a payment for any transaction that a paper check can cover and are governed by the same laws that apply to paper checks. This was the first form of Internet-based payment used by the U.S. Treasury for making large online payments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-benefits-of-electronic-checks"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Benefits of Electronic Checks </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Generally, the costs associated with issuing an electronic check are notably lower than those associated with paper checks. Not only is there no requirement for a physical paper check, which costs money to produce, but also electronic checks do not require physical postage in cases of payments being made to entities outside the direct reach of the entity issuing the funds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> It is estimated that printing and issuing a paper check will cost your business anywhere between $4 and $20.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> However, the average fee per eCheck transaction ranges from $0.30 to $1.50.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Further, there are multiple levels of authentication to help ensure funds are routed properly. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Electronic checks also come with a lower risk of the associated funds being stolen, as there is no tangible item to intercept.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-direct-deposit-system"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Direct Deposit System </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> One of the more frequently used versions of the electronic check is the direct deposit system offered by many employers. It is an electronic method of sending an employee’s wages directly into the employee’s bank account. Additionally, taxpayers who are owed a refund on federal tax returns can elect to receive a directly deposited electronic check from the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp">Internal Revenue Service (IRS)</a> instead of having a physical paper check sent through the mail.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-anyone-send-an-e-check"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can Anyone Send an E-Check?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, but you must first sign up for an e-check service. This can be done through your bank or a payment processor such as Square, Stripe, or PayPal. Then you'll need to provide the payment details and authorize the payment.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-send-an-e-check-instantly"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Send an E-Check Instantly?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>E-checks are sent online instantly, but processing them tends to take longer than other online payments done through apps because they are transferred using the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/ach.asp">automated clearing house (ACH)</a> network. E-checks can take several business days to clear.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-it-safe-to-pay-with-e-checks"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Is It Safe to Pay With E-Checks?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Although e-checks are as vulnerable as any other online bank transaction, they can be considered safer than traditional paper checks, which are riskier because they are tangible, physical documents—which can be stolen and forged.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> E-checks are considered the digital version of traditional paper checks. E-checks are facilitated by the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network, an electronic network used by U.S. financial institutions. Funds are electronically withdrawn from the payer’s checking account, transferred over the ACH network, and deposited into the recipient's checking account.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> E-Checks are a safer alternative than paper checks, and also faster to clear and cheaper to issue. </p></div>
## What Is an Electronic Check (E-Check)? An electronic check, or e-check, is a form of payment made via the Internet, or another data network, designed to perform the same function as a conventional paper check. Since the check is in an electronic format, it can be processed in fewer steps. Additionally, it has more security features than standard paper checks including authentication, [public key](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/public-key.asp) cryptography, digital signatures, and encryption, among others. ### Key Takeaways * An electronic check is a form of payment made via the internet that is designed to perform the same function as a conventional paper check. * One of the more frequently used versions of the electronic check is the direct deposit system offered by many employers. * Generally, the costs associated with issuing an electronic check are notably lower than those associated with paper checks. * An electronic check has more security features than standard paper checks. ## How an Electronic Check (E-Check) Works An electronic check is part of the larger electronic banking field and part of a subset of transactions referred to as electronic fund transfers (EFTs). This includes not only electronic checks but also other computerized banking functions such as ATM withdrawals and deposits, debit card transactions, and [remote check depositing](https://www.investopedia.com/electronic-deposit-insurance-estimator-7371315) features. The transactions require the use of various computer and networking technologies to gain access to the relevant account data to perform the requested actions. Electronic checks were developed in response to the transactions that arose in the world of [electronic commerce](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ecommerce.asp). Electronic checks can be used to make a payment for any transaction that a paper check can cover and are governed by the same laws that apply to paper checks. This was the first form of Internet-based payment used by the U.S. Treasury for making large online payments. ## Benefits of Electronic Checks Generally, the costs associated with issuing an electronic check are notably lower than those associated with paper checks. Not only is there no requirement for a physical paper check, which costs money to produce, but also electronic checks do not require physical postage in cases of payments being made to entities outside the direct reach of the entity issuing the funds. It is estimated that printing and issuing a paper check will cost your business anywhere between $4 and $20. However, the average fee per eCheck transaction ranges from $0.30 to $1.50. Further, there are multiple levels of authentication to help ensure funds are routed properly. ### Electronic checks also come with a lower risk of the associated funds being stolen, as there is no tangible item to intercept. ## Direct Deposit System One of the more frequently used versions of the electronic check is the direct deposit system offered by many employers. It is an electronic method of sending an employee’s wages directly into the employee’s bank account. Additionally, taxpayers who are owed a refund on federal tax returns can elect to receive a directly deposited electronic check from the [Internal Revenue Service (IRS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp) instead of having a physical paper check sent through the mail. ## Can Anyone Send an E-Check? Yes, but you must first sign up for an e-check service. This can be done through your bank or a payment processor such as Square, Stripe, or PayPal. Then you'll need to provide the payment details and authorize the payment. ## Can You Send an E-Check Instantly? E-checks are sent online instantly, but processing them tends to take longer than other online payments done through apps because they are transferred using the [automated clearing house (ACH)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/ach.asp) network. E-checks can take several business days to clear. ## Is It Safe to Pay With E-Checks? Although e-checks are as vulnerable as any other online bank transaction, they can be considered safer than traditional paper checks, which are riskier because they are tangible, physical documents—which can be stolen and forged. ## The Bottom Line E-checks are considered the digital version of traditional paper checks. E-checks are facilitated by the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network, an electronic network used by U.S. financial institutions. Funds are electronically withdrawn from the payer’s checking account, transferred over the ACH network, and deposited into the recipient's checking account.  E-Checks are a safer alternative than paper checks, and also faster to clear and cheaper to issue.
What Is an Electronic Check (E-Check)? An electronic check, or e-check, is a form of payment made via the Internet, or another data network, designed to perform the same function as a conventional paper check. Since the check is in an electronic format, it can be processed in fewer steps. Additionally, it has more security features than standard paper checks including authentication, public key cryptography, digital signatures, and encryption, among others. Key Takeaways An electronic check is a form of payment made via the internet that is designed to perform the same function as a conventional paper check.One of the more frequently used versions of the electronic check is the direct deposit system offered by many employers.Generally, the costs associated with issuing an electronic check are notably lower than those associated with paper checks.An electronic check has more security features than standard paper checks. How an Electronic Check (E-Check) Works An electronic check is part of the larger electronic banking field and part of a subset of transactions referred to as electronic fund transfers (EFTs). This includes not only electronic checks but also other computerized banking functions such as ATM withdrawals and deposits, debit card transactions, and remote check depositing features. The transactions require the use of various computer and networking technologies to gain access to the relevant account data to perform the requested actions. Electronic checks were developed in response to the transactions that arose in the world of electronic commerce. Electronic checks can be used to make a payment for any transaction that a paper check can cover and are governed by the same laws that apply to paper checks. This was the first form of Internet-based payment used by the U.S. Treasury for making large online payments. Benefits of Electronic Checks Generally, the costs associated with issuing an electronic check are notably lower than those associated with paper checks. Not only is there no requirement for a physical paper check, which costs money to produce, but also electronic checks do not require physical postage in cases of payments being made to entities outside the direct reach of the entity issuing the funds. It is estimated that printing and issuing a paper check will cost your business anywhere between $4 and $20. However, the average fee per eCheck transaction ranges from $0.30 to $1.50. Further, there are multiple levels of authentication to help ensure funds are routed properly. Electronic checks also come with a lower risk of the associated funds being stolen, as there is no tangible item to intercept. Direct Deposit System One of the more frequently used versions of the electronic check is the direct deposit system offered by many employers. It is an electronic method of sending an employee’s wages directly into the employee’s bank account. Additionally, taxpayers who are owed a refund on federal tax returns can elect to receive a directly deposited electronic check from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) instead of having a physical paper check sent through the mail. Can Anyone Send an E-Check? Yes, but you must first sign up for an e-check service. This can be done through your bank or a payment processor such as Square, Stripe, or PayPal. Then you'll need to provide the payment details and authorize the payment. Can You Send an E-Check Instantly? E-checks are sent online instantly, but processing them tends to take longer than other online payments done through apps because they are transferred using the automated clearing house (ACH) network. E-checks can take several business days to clear. Is It Safe to Pay With E-Checks? Although e-checks are as vulnerable as any other online bank transaction, they can be considered safer than traditional paper checks, which are riskier because they are tangible, physical documents—which can be stolen and forged. The Bottom Line E-checks are considered the digital version of traditional paper checks. E-checks are facilitated by the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network, an electronic network used by U.S. financial institutions. Funds are electronically withdrawn from the payer’s checking account, transferred over the ACH network, and deposited into the recipient's checking account.  E-Checks are a safer alternative than paper checks, and also faster to clear and cheaper to issue.
[ [ "public key", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/public-key.asp" ], [ "remote check depositing", "https://www.investopedia.com/electronic-deposit-insurance-estimator-7371315" ], [ "electronic commerce", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ecommerce.asp" ], [ "Internal Revenue Service (IRS)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp" ], [ "automated clearing house (ACH)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/ach.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compensatory-damages.asp
Compensatory Damages: Definition, Types, and Examples
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-compensatory-damages"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Are Compensatory Damages? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Compensatory damages are money awarded to an injured party that compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss. Compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases where loss has occurred as a result of the negligence or unlawful conduct of another party. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> To receive compensatory damages, the plaintiff has to prove that a loss occurred and that it was attributable to the defendant. The plaintiff must also be able to quantify the amount of loss in the eyes of the jury or judge. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Compensatory damages represent the money awarded to a plaintiff in a lawsuit.</li><li>This type of compensation is awarded in civil court cases.</li><li>There are two types of compensatory damages—general and actual.</li><li>Actual damages are intended to provide funds to only replace what was lost.</li><li>General compensatory damages awarded are more complex, as these compensatory damages do not represent a monetary expenditure. </li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Actual damages are intended to provide the monetary amount necessary to replace what was lost and nothing more. Usually, compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases in order to compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss. As we'll explore further in the article, they are different from punitive and treble damages. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Compensatory damages can be classified into two types: actual and general.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-actual-compensatory-damages"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Actual Compensatory Damages </span> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <li>Medical and hospital bills</li><li>Medical treatments</li><li>Rehabilitation expenses</li><li>Physical therapy</li><li>Ambulance expenses</li><li>Medicine and Prescription drugs</li><li>Nursing home care</li><li>Domestic services</li><li>Medical equipment</li><li>Lost wages or lost employment income</li><li>Increased living expenses</li><li>Property replacement or repair</li><li>Transportation</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> To be awarded actual compensatory damages, the plaintiff must prove that losses suffered equate to a defined monetary value. Also, states might mandate <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral-source-rule.asp">collateral source rules (CSRs)</a> that prevent the reduction of awarded damages due to payment recovered from a third party. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-general-compensatory-damages"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of General Compensatory Damages </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> General compensatory damages, meanwhile, include estimates of loss not involving actual monetary expenditure. Some courts use the "multiplier method," which calculates general damages by multiplying the sum total of one's actual damages by a number that signifies the seriousness of the injury. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> In other jurisdictions, courts will use the "per diem" method, which attaches a dollar value to each day a plaintiff suffers and adds the value of all those days together. In some cases, a court will use a hybrid of these two methods to calculate general compensatory damages. These general compensatory damages include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <li>Mental anguish</li><li>Disfigurement</li><li>Future medical expenses</li><li>Future lost wages</li><li>Long-term physical pain and suffering</li><li>Loss of consortium</li><li>Inconvenience</li><li>Loss of enjoyment of life</li><li>Loss of opportunity</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Compensatory damages are typically awarded in medical malpractice lawsuits, usually for medical bills, hospital bills, rehabilitation expenses, and compensation for lost earnings. Some compensatory damages can be difficult to assess. For example, the value of lost wages will be much higher for a more affluent member of society versus someone who is poor or retired. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-compensatory-damages-and-punitive-damages"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the Difference Between Compensatory Damages and Punitive Damages? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Compensatory damages differ from <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/punitive-damages.asp">punitive damages</a>, which may compensate over and above any loss or damage incurred and are meant to provide an incentive against repeating the act that caused the plaintiff's loss or damages.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Cases related to compensatory and punitive damages are a major source of debate in the field of health insurance, as proponents of tort reform claim that excessive damages above the actual loss incurred can increase the overall cost of healthcare. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> Compensatory damages are intended to compensate the plaintiff of a lawsuit with enough money to cover the loss caused by the defendant. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-compensatory-damages-and-treble-damages"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the Difference Between Compensatory Damages and Treble Damages? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trebledamages.asp">Treble damages</a> are also a kind of punitive damage, meant to dissuade others from committing the same offense. Often, treble damages — which indicate that a statute exists to award a plaintiff up to three times actual or compensatory damages — are invoked when a defendant has purposefully or willfully violated a law. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-another-word-for-compensatory"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is Another Word for Compensatory?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Another word to describe compensatory damages is offsetting, redeeming, or remunerative.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-compensatory-activity"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Compensatory Activity?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>As it applies to the law, compensatory activities are usually awarded in the form of monetary payments.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-the-3-types-of-damages"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are the 3 Types of Damages?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The three types of damages are economic damages, non-economic damages, and punitive damages.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-general-compensatory-damages"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are General Compensatory Damages?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>General compensatory damages cover all non-monetary damages when referencing an injury claim, such as for pain and suffering.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-compensatory-damages-include-emotional-distress"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Compensatory Damages Include Emotional Distress?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Compensatory damages can refer to emotional distress, including mental anguish and loss of enjoyment of life.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> To receive compensatory damages, the plaintiff has to prove that a loss occurred. Compensatory damages, as the name implies, hope to "compensate" for any damages, whether physical, emotional, or mental. They are not to be confused with punitive or treble damages. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> <em>Correction—July 30, 2023:</em> This article previously stated that treble damages are invoked when a plaintiff has purposely or willfully violated a law. It has been corrected to read that damages are invoked when a defendant has purposely or willfully violated a law. </p></div>
## What Are Compensatory Damages? Compensatory damages are money awarded to an injured party that compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss. Compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases where loss has occurred as a result of the negligence or unlawful conduct of another party. To receive compensatory damages, the plaintiff has to prove that a loss occurred and that it was attributable to the defendant. The plaintiff must also be able to quantify the amount of loss in the eyes of the jury or judge. ### Key Takeaways * Compensatory damages represent the money awarded to a plaintiff in a lawsuit. * This type of compensation is awarded in civil court cases. * There are two types of compensatory damages—general and actual. * Actual damages are intended to provide funds to only replace what was lost. * General compensatory damages awarded are more complex, as these compensatory damages do not represent a monetary expenditure. Actual damages are intended to provide the monetary amount necessary to replace what was lost and nothing more. Usually, compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases in order to compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss. As we'll explore further in the article, they are different from punitive and treble damages. ### Compensatory damages can be classified into two types: actual and general. ## Examples of Actual Compensatory Damages * Medical and hospital bills * Medical treatments * Rehabilitation expenses * Physical therapy * Ambulance expenses * Medicine and Prescription drugs * Nursing home care * Domestic services * Medical equipment * Lost wages or lost employment income * Increased living expenses * Property replacement or repair * Transportation To be awarded actual compensatory damages, the plaintiff must prove that losses suffered equate to a defined monetary value. Also, states might mandate [collateral source rules (CSRs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral-source-rule.asp) that prevent the reduction of awarded damages due to payment recovered from a third party. ## Examples of General Compensatory Damages General compensatory damages, meanwhile, include estimates of loss not involving actual monetary expenditure. Some courts use the "multiplier method," which calculates general damages by multiplying the sum total of one's actual damages by a number that signifies the seriousness of the injury. In other jurisdictions, courts will use the "per diem" method, which attaches a dollar value to each day a plaintiff suffers and adds the value of all those days together. In some cases, a court will use a hybrid of these two methods to calculate general compensatory damages. These general compensatory damages include: * Mental anguish * Disfigurement * Future medical expenses * Future lost wages * Long-term physical pain and suffering * Loss of consortium * Inconvenience * Loss of enjoyment of life * Loss of opportunity Compensatory damages are typically awarded in medical malpractice lawsuits, usually for medical bills, hospital bills, rehabilitation expenses, and compensation for lost earnings. Some compensatory damages can be difficult to assess. For example, the value of lost wages will be much higher for a more affluent member of society versus someone who is poor or retired. ## What Is the Difference Between Compensatory Damages and Punitive Damages? Compensatory damages differ from [punitive damages](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/punitive-damages.asp), which may compensate over and above any loss or damage incurred and are meant to provide an incentive against repeating the act that caused the plaintiff's loss or damages.  Cases related to compensatory and punitive damages are a major source of debate in the field of health insurance, as proponents of tort reform claim that excessive damages above the actual loss incurred can increase the overall cost of healthcare. Compensatory damages are intended to compensate the plaintiff of a lawsuit with enough money to cover the loss caused by the defendant. ## What Is the Difference Between Compensatory Damages and Treble Damages? [Treble damages](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trebledamages.asp) are also a kind of punitive damage, meant to dissuade others from committing the same offense. Often, treble damages — which indicate that a statute exists to award a plaintiff up to three times actual or compensatory damages — are invoked when a defendant has purposefully or willfully violated a law. ## What Is Another Word for Compensatory? Another word to describe compensatory damages is offsetting, redeeming, or remunerative. ## What Is a Compensatory Activity? As it applies to the law, compensatory activities are usually awarded in the form of monetary payments. ## What Are the 3 Types of Damages? The three types of damages are economic damages, non-economic damages, and punitive damages. ## What Are General Compensatory Damages? General compensatory damages cover all non-monetary damages when referencing an injury claim, such as for pain and suffering. ## Do Compensatory Damages Include Emotional Distress? Compensatory damages can refer to emotional distress, including mental anguish and loss of enjoyment of life. ## The Bottom Line To receive compensatory damages, the plaintiff has to prove that a loss occurred. Compensatory damages, as the name implies, hope to "compensate" for any damages, whether physical, emotional, or mental. They are not to be confused with punitive or treble damages. *Correction—July 30, 2023:* This article previously stated that treble damages are invoked when a plaintiff has purposely or willfully violated a law. It has been corrected to read that damages are invoked when a defendant has purposely or willfully violated a law.
What Are Compensatory Damages? Compensatory damages are money awarded to an injured party that compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss. Compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases where loss has occurred as a result of the negligence or unlawful conduct of another party. To receive compensatory damages, the plaintiff has to prove that a loss occurred and that it was attributable to the defendant. The plaintiff must also be able to quantify the amount of loss in the eyes of the jury or judge. Key Takeaways Compensatory damages represent the money awarded to a plaintiff in a lawsuit.This type of compensation is awarded in civil court cases.There are two types of compensatory damages—general and actual.Actual damages are intended to provide funds to only replace what was lost.General compensatory damages awarded are more complex, as these compensatory damages do not represent a monetary expenditure. Actual damages are intended to provide the monetary amount necessary to replace what was lost and nothing more. Usually, compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases in order to compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss. As we'll explore further in the article, they are different from punitive and treble damages. Compensatory damages can be classified into two types: actual and general. Examples of Actual Compensatory Damages Medical and hospital billsMedical treatmentsRehabilitation expensesPhysical therapyAmbulance expensesMedicine and Prescription drugsNursing home careDomestic servicesMedical equipmentLost wages or lost employment incomeIncreased living expensesProperty replacement or repairTransportation To be awarded actual compensatory damages, the plaintiff must prove that losses suffered equate to a defined monetary value. Also, states might mandate collateral source rules (CSRs) that prevent the reduction of awarded damages due to payment recovered from a third party. Examples of General Compensatory Damages General compensatory damages, meanwhile, include estimates of loss not involving actual monetary expenditure. Some courts use the "multiplier method," which calculates general damages by multiplying the sum total of one's actual damages by a number that signifies the seriousness of the injury. In other jurisdictions, courts will use the "per diem" method, which attaches a dollar value to each day a plaintiff suffers and adds the value of all those days together. In some cases, a court will use a hybrid of these two methods to calculate general compensatory damages. These general compensatory damages include: Mental anguishDisfigurementFuture medical expensesFuture lost wagesLong-term physical pain and sufferingLoss of consortiumInconvenienceLoss of enjoyment of lifeLoss of opportunity Compensatory damages are typically awarded in medical malpractice lawsuits, usually for medical bills, hospital bills, rehabilitation expenses, and compensation for lost earnings. Some compensatory damages can be difficult to assess. For example, the value of lost wages will be much higher for a more affluent member of society versus someone who is poor or retired. What Is the Difference Between Compensatory Damages and Punitive Damages? Compensatory damages differ from punitive damages, which may compensate over and above any loss or damage incurred and are meant to provide an incentive against repeating the act that caused the plaintiff's loss or damages.  Cases related to compensatory and punitive damages are a major source of debate in the field of health insurance, as proponents of tort reform claim that excessive damages above the actual loss incurred can increase the overall cost of healthcare. Compensatory damages are intended to compensate the plaintiff of a lawsuit with enough money to cover the loss caused by the defendant. What Is the Difference Between Compensatory Damages and Treble Damages? Treble damages are also a kind of punitive damage, meant to dissuade others from committing the same offense. Often, treble damages — which indicate that a statute exists to award a plaintiff up to three times actual or compensatory damages — are invoked when a defendant has purposefully or willfully violated a law. What Is Another Word for Compensatory? Another word to describe compensatory damages is offsetting, redeeming, or remunerative. What Is a Compensatory Activity? As it applies to the law, compensatory activities are usually awarded in the form of monetary payments. What Are the 3 Types of Damages? The three types of damages are economic damages, non-economic damages, and punitive damages. What Are General Compensatory Damages? General compensatory damages cover all non-monetary damages when referencing an injury claim, such as for pain and suffering. Do Compensatory Damages Include Emotional Distress? Compensatory damages can refer to emotional distress, including mental anguish and loss of enjoyment of life. The Bottom Line To receive compensatory damages, the plaintiff has to prove that a loss occurred. Compensatory damages, as the name implies, hope to "compensate" for any damages, whether physical, emotional, or mental. They are not to be confused with punitive or treble damages. Correction—July 30, 2023: This article previously stated that treble damages are invoked when a plaintiff has purposely or willfully violated a law. It has been corrected to read that damages are invoked when a defendant has purposely or willfully violated a law.
[ [ "collateral source rules (CSRs)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral-source-rule.asp" ], [ "punitive damages", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/punitive-damages.asp" ], [ "Treble damages", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trebledamages.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/top-stocks-moving-now-amc-entertainment-dell-dr-horton-and-more-8648875
Top Stocks Moving Now: AMC Entertainment, Dell, D.R. Horton, and More
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>U.S. equities gained at midday Wednesday, May 15, 2024, with the S&amp;P 500 and Nasdaq reaching all-time intraday highs as a report showed consumer inflation slowed in April.</li><li>The inflation report boosted optimism the Fed will lower borrowing costs, and that helped lift shares of homebuilders including D.R. Horton.</li><li>Shares of AMC Entertainment plunged as the runup in meme stocks earlier in the week faded and the theater chain operator announced a 23.3 million share debt-for-equity swap.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> U.S. equities gained at midday after a report showed <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/inflation-ticked-downward-in-april-2024-8648737">consumer inflation slowed in April</a>, raising hopes the Fed can begin cutting interest rates. The S&amp;P 500 and Nasdaq reached record intraday highs during the session, and the Dow advanced as well. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> The inflation news helped boost shares of D.R. Horton (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DHI">DHI</a>) and other homebuilders that benefit from lower borrowing costs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Shares of Monday.com (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MNDY">MNDY</a>) skyrocketed as the maker of cloud-based workflow software <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/monday-com-stock-soars-on-earnings-beat-customer-additions-8648749">beat profit and sales forecasts</a>, reported a large gain in customers, had record <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freecashflow.asp">free cash flow</a>, and gave a better-than-expected outlook. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Dell Technologies (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DELL">DELL</a>) shares climbed after Morgan Stanley raised the price target on the stock, citing the tech firm’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp">artificial intelligence (AI)</a> business momentum. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Boeing (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BA">BA</a>) shares dropped after the Department of Justice said the plane maker violated a 2021 settlement tied to a pair of crashes of its 737 Max jets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Shares of AMC Entertainment (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AMC">AMC</a>) plunged as the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/meme-stock-5206762">meme stock craze</a> that was revived on Monday faded and the theater chain operator announced a 23.3 million share <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/debtequityswap.asp">debt-for-equity</a> swap. Shares of meme stock darling GameStop (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GME">GME</a>) tumbled as well. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Petrobras (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PBR">PBR</a>) <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/adr.asp">American depositary receipts (ADRs)</a> tumbled as CEO Jean Paul Prates was ousted by Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva following a dispute over the payment of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp">dividends</a> to investors.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Oil and gold futures rose. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note sank. The U.S. dollar declined versus the euro, pound, and yen. Prices for most major cryptocurrencies were higher.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.7%;"> <img alt="DHI, LEN, PHM" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/4KkvKLj-TrqLcaQOkdRPjsoK9Cc=/1216x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DHI_2024-05-15_11-59-09-8e7d5b4742d64eacbbb303ff13d981fc.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cCWQG68F5j3NjmJCPWpDOzuDEC4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DHI_2024-05-15_11-59-09-8e7d5b4742d64eacbbb303ff13d981fc.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/KsTFgciDTI1kf2_Tvo7L-2dBD0o=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DHI_2024-05-15_11-59-09-8e7d5b4742d64eacbbb303ff13d981fc.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="617" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1216"/> <noscript> <img alt="DHI, LEN, PHM" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="617" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cCWQG68F5j3NjmJCPWpDOzuDEC4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DHI_2024-05-15_11-59-09-8e7d5b4742d64eacbbb303ff13d981fc.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/KsTFgciDTI1kf2_Tvo7L-2dBD0o=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DHI_2024-05-15_11-59-09-8e7d5b4742d64eacbbb303ff13d981fc.png 750w" width="1216"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>TradingView</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * U.S. equities gained at midday Wednesday, May 15, 2024, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq reaching all-time intraday highs as a report showed consumer inflation slowed in April. * The inflation report boosted optimism the Fed will lower borrowing costs, and that helped lift shares of homebuilders including D.R. Horton. * Shares of AMC Entertainment plunged as the runup in meme stocks earlier in the week faded and the theater chain operator announced a 23.3 million share debt-for-equity swap. U.S. equities gained at midday after a report showed [consumer inflation slowed in April](https://www.investopedia.com/inflation-ticked-downward-in-april-2024-8648737), raising hopes the Fed can begin cutting interest rates. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq reached record intraday highs during the session, and the Dow advanced as well. The inflation news helped boost shares of D.R. Horton ([DHI](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DHI)) and other homebuilders that benefit from lower borrowing costs. Shares of Monday.com ([MNDY](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MNDY)) skyrocketed as the maker of cloud-based workflow software [beat profit and sales forecasts](https://www.investopedia.com/monday-com-stock-soars-on-earnings-beat-customer-additions-8648749), reported a large gain in customers, had record [free cash flow](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freecashflow.asp), and gave a better-than-expected outlook. Dell Technologies ([DELL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DELL)) shares climbed after Morgan Stanley raised the price target on the stock, citing the tech firm’s [artificial intelligence (AI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp) business momentum. Boeing ([BA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BA)) shares dropped after the Department of Justice said the plane maker violated a 2021 settlement tied to a pair of crashes of its 737 Max jets. Shares of AMC Entertainment ([AMC](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AMC)) plunged as the [meme stock craze](https://www.investopedia.com/meme-stock-5206762) that was revived on Monday faded and the theater chain operator announced a 23.3 million share [debt-for-equity](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/debtequityswap.asp) swap. Shares of meme stock darling GameStop ([GME](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GME)) tumbled as well. Petrobras ([PBR](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PBR)) [American depositary receipts (ADRs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/adr.asp) tumbled as CEO Jean Paul Prates was ousted by Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva following a dispute over the payment of [dividends](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp) to investors.  Oil and gold futures rose. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note sank. The U.S. dollar declined versus the euro, pound, and yen. Prices for most major cryptocurrencies were higher. ![DHI, LEN, PHM]() ![DHI, LEN, PHM](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cCWQG68F5j3NjmJCPWpDOzuDEC4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/DHI_2024-05-15_11-59-09-8e7d5b4742d64eacbbb303ff13d981fc.png) TradingView Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways U.S. equities gained at midday Wednesday, May 15, 2024, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq reaching all-time intraday highs as a report showed consumer inflation slowed in April.The inflation report boosted optimism the Fed will lower borrowing costs, and that helped lift shares of homebuilders including D.R. Horton.Shares of AMC Entertainment plunged as the runup in meme stocks earlier in the week faded and the theater chain operator announced a 23.3 million share debt-for-equity swap. U.S. equities gained at midday after a report showed consumer inflation slowed in April, raising hopes the Fed can begin cutting interest rates. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq reached record intraday highs during the session, and the Dow advanced as well. The inflation news helped boost shares of D.R. Horton (DHI) and other homebuilders that benefit from lower borrowing costs. Shares of Monday.com (MNDY) skyrocketed as the maker of cloud-based workflow software beat profit and sales forecasts, reported a large gain in customers, had record free cash flow, and gave a better-than-expected outlook. Dell Technologies (DELL) shares climbed after Morgan Stanley raised the price target on the stock, citing the tech firm’s artificial intelligence (AI) business momentum. Boeing (BA) shares dropped after the Department of Justice said the plane maker violated a 2021 settlement tied to a pair of crashes of its 737 Max jets. Shares of AMC Entertainment (AMC) plunged as the meme stock craze that was revived on Monday faded and the theater chain operator announced a 23.3 million share debt-for-equity swap. Shares of meme stock darling GameStop (GME) tumbled as well. Petrobras (PBR) American depositary receipts (ADRs) tumbled as CEO Jean Paul Prates was ousted by Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva following a dispute over the payment of dividends to investors.  Oil and gold futures rose. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note sank. The U.S. dollar declined versus the euro, pound, and yen. Prices for most major cryptocurrencies were higher. TradingView Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/brics-etfs-pros-and-cons-8548466
Pros and Cons of BRICS ETFs
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-brics-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Are BRICS ETFs? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> BRICS <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp">exchange-traded funds (ETFs)</a> invest in the emerging markets of Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> BRICS ETFs offer exposure to important <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergingmarketeconomy.asp">emerging markets</a> in a single fund, providing convenient access to stocks and bonds from these countries. As emerging markets, BRICS countries are expected to experience higher economic growth than <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/developed-economy.asp">developed markets</a>—as well as heightened volatility and uncertainty. This has led to increased interest in BRICS ETFs as an investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The BRIC acronym was coined in 2001, after which the countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China allied their fast-growing developing economies. In 2010, BRIC added South Africa, becoming <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brics.asp">BRICS</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, many BRICS indexes dropped Russia from their portfolios, and Russia-specific ETFs were delisted from American exchanges.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> In 2024, five more countries joined the alliance: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> The expansion marks a push by some BRICS members to balance out a U.S.-dominated world <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economy.asp">economy</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>BRICS ETFs offer an avenue to invest in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the UAE.</li><li>These funds are appealing because of the growth prospects of the BRICS countries.</li><li>At the same time, emerging market countries like the BRICS often face heightened volatility and unique risks.</li><li>Because they trade like shares on American exchanges, these ETFs offer convenient access and diversification across these emerging markets.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-and-cons-of-investing-in-brics-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros and Cons of Investing in BRICS ETFs </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Higher potential returns</p></li> <li><p>Geographic diversification</p></li> <li><p>Emerging markets exposure</p></li> <li><p>Convenient</p></li> <li><p>Cost-effective</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Greater volatility and risk</p></li> <li><p>Political, regulatory, and economic uncertainty</p></li> <li><p>Currency exposure</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-of-investing-in-brics-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros of Investing in BRICS ETFs </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Potential for Higher Returns </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> The higher projected <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp">gross domestic product (GDP)</a> growth of BRICS economies compared with developed markets suggests a strong return potential for BRICS ETFs. As they expand, investing early in these emerging markets could supply higher long-term returns. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> BRICS growth projections are driven by increased industrialization, urbanization, and consumer demand within these economies. The 2024 additions to BRICS mean it covers not only about 3.5 billion people and many consumers, but also about 42% of global <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crude-oil.asp">crude oil</a> output.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> As these countries develop, companies within these markets could see significant gains in revenues and profits, translating into higher stock prices and greater returns for investors in BRICS ETFs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> BRICS countries also tend to have younger populations and a growing middle class. These demographic shifts could lead to increased domestic consumption and a growing demand for various products and services from both domestic and foreign producers. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Diversification </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> BRICS ETFs offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp">diversification</a> through exposure to different emerging markets in a single fund. This can help balance an investment <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp">portfolio</a> heavily weighted in U.S. and European stocks and bonds. Indeed, most of the BRICS countries are significant actors on different continents, providing geographical diversification and broader emerging market exposure. They also have major oil reserves and other significant raw materials exports important for the world economy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> While not directly contributing to higher returns, the diversification of BRICS ETFs can help achieve a more balanced portfolio. Diversification can enhance <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp">returns</a> while mitigating <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp">risks</a> compared with investing only in developed markets. For example, emerging economies may grow when developed markets like the United States or Western Europe stagnate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Convenience </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> BRICS ETFs offer a straightforward way to invest in a diverse range of companies across its member countries. Investing in individual stocks in these countries would require a deep understanding of each market, including local economic conditions, regulations, and market dynamics. BRICS ETFs streamline this process by providing a single investment vehicle encompassing stocks across each country. By buying shares in a BRICS ETF, investors thus gain exposure to a basket of stocks spread across different sectors and regions in a single transaction. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Direct investment in international markets (such as opening a foreign brokerage account) also often involves higher transaction costs and minimum investment thresholds, which can be prohibitive for individual investors. BRICS ETFs typically have lower transaction costs than direct international investments, allowing investors to gain exposure to these markets with relatively small investment amounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Because they trade like shares, ETFs are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidasset.asp">liquid</a> securities that can be bought and sold throughout the trading day, with many brokerages today offering commission-free trading in most ETFs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Emerging markets, including the BRICS countries, are often less efficient than developed markets. This means that information might not be reflected in stock prices as quickly or accurately as in more developed markets. Skilled investors and fund managers can exploit these inefficiencies to achieve higher returns. However, it’s important to note that these inefficiencies can contribute to higher volatility and increased investment risk.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cons-of-investing-in-brics-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Cons of Investing in BRICS ETFs </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Higher Volatility </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Emerging markets tend to experience larger price swings. Therefore, a primary concern with BRICS ETFs is their potential for higher <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> than developed market investments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Stock markets in the BRICS countries can experience sudden fluctuations because of various factors, including economic uncertainty, political instability, trade disruptions, and global market dynamics.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> This could lead to significant short-term swings in the value of BRICS ETFs, which could be unsettling for risk-averse investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> For example, some BRICS economies, like Brazil, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, rely heavily on commodity prices. This means that the performance of ETFs invested in these countries can be disproportionately affected by global commodity market fluctuations and geopolitical events, adding other layers of risk. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Political, Regulatory, and Economic Instability </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> The political and economic environments in the BRICS countries can be less stable than in more developed economies. Changes in government policies, regulations, and political unrest can significantly impact these markets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> For instance, armed conflict or sanctions have affected Russia, while regulatory changes can significantly impact China. Such instabilities can directly affect the performance of companies within BRICS ETFs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> Regulatory environments in the BRICS countries can also be less robust than in developed markets, leading to concerns about corporate governance and transparency.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> This can make it more difficult for investors to accurately assess the risks and prospects of the companies within the ETF. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Currency Risk </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> When investing in BRICS ETFs, investors are also exposed to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currencyrisk.asp">currency risk</a>. Fluctuations in the value of these countries’ individual currencies against the investor’s home currency can affect returns from these ETFs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> When those currencies weaken vs. the U.S. dollar, it negatively affects the relative performance of those holdings.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> The fact that the BRICS countries have experienced periods of high <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/what-is-inflation-and-how-should-it-affect-investing/">inflation</a> in the past has also dampened currency values.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Currency risk adds an extra layer of complexity and can either enhance or erode investment returns, depending on currency movements.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-factors-to-consider-when-investing-in-brics-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Factors to Consider When Investing in BRICs ETFs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> When researching BRICS ETFs, review their <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/holdings.asp">holdings</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expenseratio.asp">expense ratios</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp">liquidity</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp">assets under management</a>, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/historical-returns.asp">historical returns</a> and compare them with each other and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/benchmark.asp">benchmarks</a>. Higher expense ratios, for example, can erode net returns, all else being equal. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> Comparing several BRICs ETFs can help identify a suitable fund for your portfolio and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risktolerance.asp">risk tolerance</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> It’s also important to diversify your exposure or pair BRICS ETFs with other emerging market ETFs rather than concentrate your exposure in the BRICS countries. Broader emerging market ETFs could provide more balanced exposure. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-other-emerging-market-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Other Emerging Market ETFs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> In addition to ETFs that track stocks in the BRICS countries, there are other emerging markets funds to consider. The Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VWO">VWO</a>), iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EEM">EEM</a>), SPDR Portfolio Emerging Markets ETF (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SPEM">SPEM</a>), and Schwab Emerging Markets Equity ETF (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SCHE">SCHE</a>) all have broad-based emerging markets exposure, with BRICS among those from several other countries. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> Individual country ETFs, like those for Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Thailand, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, among others, also have emerging market exposure. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-top-brics-etfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Top BRICS ETFs </span> </h2> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="5">Top BRICS ETFs</th> </tr> <tr> <th>ETF</th> <th>Ticker</th> <th>Mandate</th> <th>Assets Managed ($Millions)</th> <th>Expense Ratio</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>iShares MSCI BIC ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BKF" rel="noopener noreferrer">BKF</a></td> <td>Provides broad exposure to securities from three developing countries in the BRICS region: Brazil, India, and China</td> <td>$67.62</td> <td>0.69%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iShares MSCI Brazil ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EWZ" rel="noopener noreferrer">EWZ</a></td> <td>Tracks an index of large-cap and midcap companies from the B3 exchange in Brazil</td> <td>$5,640</td> <td>0.59%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EWZS" rel="noopener noreferrer">EWZS</a></td> <td>Tracks a market-capitalization-weighted index of Brazilian small-cap firms</td> <td>$266.0</td> <td>0.59%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Franklin FTSE Brazil ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FLBR" rel="noopener noreferrer">FLBR</a></td> <td>Tracks a market cap-weighted index of Brazilian large-cap and midcap stocks</td> <td>$174.78</td> <td>0.19%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iShares MSCI India ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=INDA" rel="noopener noreferrer">INDA</a></td> <td>Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of the top 85% of firms in the Indian securities market</td> <td>$8,040</td> <td>0.65%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WisdomTree India Earnings Fund</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EPI" rel="noopener noreferrer">EPI</a></td> <td>Tracks a total market index of Indian companies selected and weighted by earnings</td> <td>$2,150</td> <td>0.85%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Invesco India ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PIN" rel="noopener noreferrer">PIN</a></td> <td>Tracks an index of India-listed stocks, screened for yield and quality and weighted by market cap</td> <td>$209.8</td> <td>0.78%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iShares Trust—China Large-Cap ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FXI" rel="noopener noreferrer">FXI</a></td> <td>Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of the 50 largest Chinese stocks traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange</td> <td>$4,040</td> <td>0.74%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPDR S&amp;P China ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GXC" rel="noopener noreferrer">GXC</a></td> <td>Tracks a broad, market-cap-weighted index of investable Chinese shares. The fund’s holdings stretch across all market cap sizes.</td> <td>$622.69</td> <td>0.59%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iShares MSCI China ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MCHI" rel="noopener noreferrer">MCHI</a></td> <td>Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of investable Chinese shares. The fund stretches across all market cap sizes.</td> <td>$5,100</td> <td>0.59%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iShares MSCI South Africa ETF</td> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EZA" rel="noopener noreferrer">EZA</a></td> <td>Tracks the performance of a market-cap-weighted index of South African stocks. It captures 85% of the publicly available market, excluding all small caps.</td> <td>$265.6</td> <td>0.59%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>Source: VettaFi, ETF Database</figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> Note that two Russia-focused ETFs, RSX and ERUS, were delisted following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-of-the-brics-countries-has-the-highest-gdp"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which of the BRICS Countries Has the Highest GDP?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>China has the largest gross domestic product (GDP) of the BRICS countries, at just under $18 trillion in 2022, making it one of the largest economies in the world.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span> Despite its significant economic growth and global influence, China’s classification as an emerging market in the financial and investment world can seem counterintuitive.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span> However, this designation is based on its low per-capita GDP, restrictive regulatory environment, capital controls, and limited market accessibility to foreign investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-who-created-the-category-of-brics"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Who Created the Category of BRICS?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The concept of BRICS was coined by Jim O’Neill, a British economist, in 2001. At the time, O’Neill was the chair of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. He introduced the term in “Building Better Global Economic BRICs,” published as part of the Global Economics Paper series by Goldman Sachs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-brics-country-has-the-highest-economic-growth"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which BRICS Country Has the Highest Economic Growth?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Here are the estimated GDP growth rates for 2022:</p><ul><li>India: 7.2%</li><li>Ethiopia: 5.3%</li><li>China: 3.0%</li><li>Egypt: 6.6%</li><li>UAE: 7.9%</li><li>Saudi Arabia: 8.7%</li><li>Iran: 3.8%</li><li>South Africa: 1.9%</li><li>Russia: -2.1%</li><li>Brazil: 2.9%</li><li>Argentina: 5.0%<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span><br/></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-most-popular-emerging-market-etf"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Most Popular Emerging Market ETF?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VWO">VWO</a>) and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EEM">EEM</a>) are among the most popular and widely traded emerging market ETFs. These ETFs are favored because of their broad exposure to a range of emerging market economies, large assets under management, and liquidity.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-are-the-most-used-brics-benchmark-indexes"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which Are the Most Used BRICS Benchmark Indexes?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><ul><li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/msci-bric-index.asp">MSCI BIC Index</a>: Broad index of Brazil, India, and China stocks. Widely tracked benchmark for emerging market equity performance.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span></li><li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dowjones_bric50_index.asp">Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index</a>: A market capitalization-weighted stock index composed of 50 of the most liquid and largest companies in BRICS (excluding Russia after its invasion of Ukraine).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span></li><li>S&amp;P BRIC 40: Tracks the 40 largest companies in the BRICS countries. Focuses on liquid large-cap stocks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span></li><li>FTSE/RAFI BRIC 50 Index: Includes 50 stocks from the BRICS countries weighted by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketcapitalization.asp">market capitalization</a>. Designed to represent the leading blue chip companies.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="26"></span></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> BRICS ETFs provide exposure to the potentially high-growth emerging markets of the member countries in this alliance in a single fund. This offers convenience compared with picking individual stocks in each market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"> The key advantages of BRICS ETFs are diversification, access to fast-growing economies, and the possibility of generating higher long-term returns than developed markets. However, there are also greater risks involved. Volatility tends to be higher because of political instability, slower growth, and currency fluctuations. Also, the BRICS countries face challenges with corruption, infrastructure gaps, and economic reforms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> For investors with high risk tolerance, a small allocation to BRICS ETFs can provide portfolio growth potential. But limit exposure to 5% to 10% of the total portfolio value. Emerging markets should be balanced with holdings in stable developed markets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> Always conduct thorough research before selecting a specific BRICS ETF. Compare expenses, liquidity, holdings, and historical performance against other funds and benchmarks. Diversify across several emerging market ETFs rather than concentrating solely in the BRICS countries. </p></div>
## What Are BRICS ETFs? BRICS [exchange-traded funds (ETFs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp) invest in the emerging markets of Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). BRICS ETFs offer exposure to important [emerging markets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergingmarketeconomy.asp) in a single fund, providing convenient access to stocks and bonds from these countries. As emerging markets, BRICS countries are expected to experience higher economic growth than [developed markets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/developed-economy.asp)—as well as heightened volatility and uncertainty. This has led to increased interest in BRICS ETFs as an investment. The BRIC acronym was coined in 2001, after which the countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China allied their fast-growing developing economies. In 2010, BRIC added South Africa, becoming [BRICS](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brics.asp). After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, many BRICS indexes dropped Russia from their portfolios, and Russia-specific ETFs were delisted from American exchanges. In 2024, five more countries joined the alliance: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The expansion marks a push by some BRICS members to balance out a U.S.-dominated world [economy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economy.asp). ### Key Takeaways * BRICS ETFs offer an avenue to invest in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the UAE. * These funds are appealing because of the growth prospects of the BRICS countries. * At the same time, emerging market countries like the BRICS often face heightened volatility and unique risks. * Because they trade like shares on American exchanges, these ETFs offer convenient access and diversification across these emerging markets. ## Pros and Cons of Investing in BRICS ETFs Pros * Higher potential returns * Geographic diversification * Emerging markets exposure * Convenient * Cost-effective Cons * Greater volatility and risk * Political, regulatory, and economic uncertainty * Currency exposure ## Pros of Investing in BRICS ETFs ### Potential for Higher Returns The higher projected [gross domestic product (GDP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp) growth of BRICS economies compared with developed markets suggests a strong return potential for BRICS ETFs. As they expand, investing early in these emerging markets could supply higher long-term returns. BRICS growth projections are driven by increased industrialization, urbanization, and consumer demand within these economies. The 2024 additions to BRICS mean it covers not only about 3.5 billion people and many consumers, but also about 42% of global [crude oil](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crude-oil.asp) output. As these countries develop, companies within these markets could see significant gains in revenues and profits, translating into higher stock prices and greater returns for investors in BRICS ETFs. BRICS countries also tend to have younger populations and a growing middle class. These demographic shifts could lead to increased domestic consumption and a growing demand for various products and services from both domestic and foreign producers. ### Diversification BRICS ETFs offer [diversification](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp) through exposure to different emerging markets in a single fund. This can help balance an investment [portfolio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp) heavily weighted in U.S. and European stocks and bonds. Indeed, most of the BRICS countries are significant actors on different continents, providing geographical diversification and broader emerging market exposure. They also have major oil reserves and other significant raw materials exports important for the world economy. While not directly contributing to higher returns, the diversification of BRICS ETFs can help achieve a more balanced portfolio. Diversification can enhance [returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp) while mitigating [risks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp) compared with investing only in developed markets. For example, emerging economies may grow when developed markets like the United States or Western Europe stagnate. ### Convenience BRICS ETFs offer a straightforward way to invest in a diverse range of companies across its member countries. Investing in individual stocks in these countries would require a deep understanding of each market, including local economic conditions, regulations, and market dynamics. BRICS ETFs streamline this process by providing a single investment vehicle encompassing stocks across each country. By buying shares in a BRICS ETF, investors thus gain exposure to a basket of stocks spread across different sectors and regions in a single transaction. Direct investment in international markets (such as opening a foreign brokerage account) also often involves higher transaction costs and minimum investment thresholds, which can be prohibitive for individual investors. BRICS ETFs typically have lower transaction costs than direct international investments, allowing investors to gain exposure to these markets with relatively small investment amounts. Because they trade like shares, ETFs are [liquid](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidasset.asp) securities that can be bought and sold throughout the trading day, with many brokerages today offering commission-free trading in most ETFs. ### Emerging markets, including the BRICS countries, are often less efficient than developed markets. This means that information might not be reflected in stock prices as quickly or accurately as in more developed markets. Skilled investors and fund managers can exploit these inefficiencies to achieve higher returns. However, it’s important to note that these inefficiencies can contribute to higher volatility and increased investment risk. ## Cons of Investing in BRICS ETFs ### Higher Volatility Emerging markets tend to experience larger price swings. Therefore, a primary concern with BRICS ETFs is their potential for higher [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) than developed market investments. Stock markets in the BRICS countries can experience sudden fluctuations because of various factors, including economic uncertainty, political instability, trade disruptions, and global market dynamics. This could lead to significant short-term swings in the value of BRICS ETFs, which could be unsettling for risk-averse investors. For example, some BRICS economies, like Brazil, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, rely heavily on commodity prices. This means that the performance of ETFs invested in these countries can be disproportionately affected by global commodity market fluctuations and geopolitical events, adding other layers of risk. ### Political, Regulatory, and Economic Instability The political and economic environments in the BRICS countries can be less stable than in more developed economies. Changes in government policies, regulations, and political unrest can significantly impact these markets. For instance, armed conflict or sanctions have affected Russia, while regulatory changes can significantly impact China. Such instabilities can directly affect the performance of companies within BRICS ETFs. Regulatory environments in the BRICS countries can also be less robust than in developed markets, leading to concerns about corporate governance and transparency. This can make it more difficult for investors to accurately assess the risks and prospects of the companies within the ETF. ### Currency Risk When investing in BRICS ETFs, investors are also exposed to [currency risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currencyrisk.asp). Fluctuations in the value of these countries’ individual currencies against the investor’s home currency can affect returns from these ETFs. When those currencies weaken vs. the U.S. dollar, it negatively affects the relative performance of those holdings. The fact that the BRICS countries have experienced periods of high [inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/what-is-inflation-and-how-should-it-affect-investing/) in the past has also dampened currency values. Currency risk adds an extra layer of complexity and can either enhance or erode investment returns, depending on currency movements. ## Factors to Consider When Investing in BRICs ETFs When researching BRICS ETFs, review their [holdings](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/holdings.asp), [expense ratios](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expenseratio.asp), [liquidity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp), [assets under management](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp), and [historical returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/historical-returns.asp) and compare them with each other and [benchmarks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/benchmark.asp). Higher expense ratios, for example, can erode net returns, all else being equal. Comparing several BRICs ETFs can help identify a suitable fund for your portfolio and [risk tolerance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risktolerance.asp). It’s also important to diversify your exposure or pair BRICS ETFs with other emerging market ETFs rather than concentrate your exposure in the BRICS countries. Broader emerging market ETFs could provide more balanced exposure. ## Other Emerging Market ETFs In addition to ETFs that track stocks in the BRICS countries, there are other emerging markets funds to consider. The Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF ([VWO](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VWO)), iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF ([EEM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EEM)), SPDR Portfolio Emerging Markets ETF ([SPEM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SPEM)), and Schwab Emerging Markets Equity ETF ([SCHE](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=SCHE)) all have broad-based emerging markets exposure, with BRICS among those from several other countries. Individual country ETFs, like those for Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Thailand, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, among others, also have emerging market exposure. ## Top BRICS ETFs | Top BRICS ETFs | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ETF | Ticker | Mandate | Assets Managed ($Millions) | Expense Ratio | | iShares MSCI BIC ETF | [BKF](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BKF) | Provides broad exposure to securities from three developing countries in the BRICS region: Brazil, India, and China | $67.62 | 0.69% | | iShares MSCI Brazil ETF | [EWZ](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EWZ) | Tracks an index of large-cap and midcap companies from the B3 exchange in Brazil | $5,640 | 0.59% | | iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF | [EWZS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EWZS) | Tracks a market-capitalization-weighted index of Brazilian small-cap firms | $266.0 | 0.59% | | Franklin FTSE Brazil ETF | [FLBR](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FLBR) | Tracks a market cap-weighted index of Brazilian large-cap and midcap stocks | $174.78 | 0.19% | | iShares MSCI India ETF | [INDA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=INDA) | Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of the top 85% of firms in the Indian securities market | $8,040 | 0.65% | | WisdomTree India Earnings Fund | [EPI](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EPI) | Tracks a total market index of Indian companies selected and weighted by earnings | $2,150 | 0.85% | | Invesco India ETF | [PIN](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PIN) | Tracks an index of India-listed stocks, screened for yield and quality and weighted by market cap | $209.8 | 0.78% | | iShares Trust—China Large-Cap ETF | [FXI](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FXI) | Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of the 50 largest Chinese stocks traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange | $4,040 | 0.74% | | SPDR S&P China ETF | [GXC](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GXC) | Tracks a broad, market-cap-weighted index of investable Chinese shares. The fund’s holdings stretch across all market cap sizes. | $622.69 | 0.59% | | iShares MSCI China ETF | [MCHI](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MCHI) | Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of investable Chinese shares. The fund stretches across all market cap sizes. | $5,100 | 0.59% | | iShares MSCI South Africa ETF | [EZA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EZA) | Tracks the performance of a market-cap-weighted index of South African stocks. It captures 85% of the publicly available market, excluding all small caps. | $265.6 | 0.59% | Source: VettaFi, ETF Database Note that two Russia-focused ETFs, RSX and ERUS, were delisted following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. ## Which of the BRICS Countries Has the Highest GDP? China has the largest gross domestic product (GDP) of the BRICS countries, at just under $18 trillion in 2022, making it one of the largest economies in the world. Despite its significant economic growth and global influence, China’s classification as an emerging market in the financial and investment world can seem counterintuitive. However, this designation is based on its low per-capita GDP, restrictive regulatory environment, capital controls, and limited market accessibility to foreign investors. ## Who Created the Category of BRICS? The concept of BRICS was coined by Jim O’Neill, a British economist, in 2001. At the time, O’Neill was the chair of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. He introduced the term in “Building Better Global Economic BRICs,” published as part of the Global Economics Paper series by Goldman Sachs. ## Which BRICS Country Has the Highest Economic Growth? Here are the estimated GDP growth rates for 2022: * India: 7.2% * Ethiopia: 5.3% * China: 3.0% * Egypt: 6.6% * UAE: 7.9% * Saudi Arabia: 8.7% * Iran: 3.8% * South Africa: 1.9% * Russia: -2.1% * Brazil: 2.9% * Argentina: 5.0% ## What Is the Most Popular Emerging Market ETF? The Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF ([VWO](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VWO)) and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF ([EEM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=EEM)) are among the most popular and widely traded emerging market ETFs. These ETFs are favored because of their broad exposure to a range of emerging market economies, large assets under management, and liquidity. ## Which Are the Most Used BRICS Benchmark Indexes? * [MSCI BIC Index](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/msci-bric-index.asp): Broad index of Brazil, India, and China stocks. Widely tracked benchmark for emerging market equity performance. * [Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dowjones_bric50_index.asp): A market capitalization-weighted stock index composed of 50 of the most liquid and largest companies in BRICS (excluding Russia after its invasion of Ukraine). * S&P BRIC 40: Tracks the 40 largest companies in the BRICS countries. Focuses on liquid large-cap stocks. * FTSE/RAFI BRIC 50 Index: Includes 50 stocks from the BRICS countries weighted by [market capitalization](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketcapitalization.asp). Designed to represent the leading blue chip companies. ## The Bottom Line BRICS ETFs provide exposure to the potentially high-growth emerging markets of the member countries in this alliance in a single fund. This offers convenience compared with picking individual stocks in each market. The key advantages of BRICS ETFs are diversification, access to fast-growing economies, and the possibility of generating higher long-term returns than developed markets. However, there are also greater risks involved. Volatility tends to be higher because of political instability, slower growth, and currency fluctuations. Also, the BRICS countries face challenges with corruption, infrastructure gaps, and economic reforms. For investors with high risk tolerance, a small allocation to BRICS ETFs can provide portfolio growth potential. But limit exposure to 5% to 10% of the total portfolio value. Emerging markets should be balanced with holdings in stable developed markets. Always conduct thorough research before selecting a specific BRICS ETF. Compare expenses, liquidity, holdings, and historical performance against other funds and benchmarks. Diversify across several emerging market ETFs rather than concentrating solely in the BRICS countries.
What Are BRICS ETFs? BRICS exchange-traded funds (ETFs) invest in the emerging markets of Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). BRICS ETFs offer exposure to important emerging markets in a single fund, providing convenient access to stocks and bonds from these countries. As emerging markets, BRICS countries are expected to experience higher economic growth than developed markets—as well as heightened volatility and uncertainty. This has led to increased interest in BRICS ETFs as an investment. The BRIC acronym was coined in 2001, after which the countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China allied their fast-growing developing economies. In 2010, BRIC added South Africa, becoming BRICS. After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, many BRICS indexes dropped Russia from their portfolios, and Russia-specific ETFs were delisted from American exchanges. In 2024, five more countries joined the alliance: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The expansion marks a push by some BRICS members to balance out a U.S.-dominated world economy. Key Takeaways BRICS ETFs offer an avenue to invest in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the UAE.These funds are appealing because of the growth prospects of the BRICS countries.At the same time, emerging market countries like the BRICS often face heightened volatility and unique risks.Because they trade like shares on American exchanges, these ETFs offer convenient access and diversification across these emerging markets. Pros and Cons of Investing in BRICS ETFs Pros Higher potential returns Geographic diversification Emerging markets exposure Convenient Cost-effective Cons Greater volatility and risk Political, regulatory, and economic uncertainty Currency exposure Pros of Investing in BRICS ETFs Potential for Higher Returns The higher projected gross domestic product (GDP) growth of BRICS economies compared with developed markets suggests a strong return potential for BRICS ETFs. As they expand, investing early in these emerging markets could supply higher long-term returns. BRICS growth projections are driven by increased industrialization, urbanization, and consumer demand within these economies. The 2024 additions to BRICS mean it covers not only about 3.5 billion people and many consumers, but also about 42% of global crude oil output. As these countries develop, companies within these markets could see significant gains in revenues and profits, translating into higher stock prices and greater returns for investors in BRICS ETFs. BRICS countries also tend to have younger populations and a growing middle class. These demographic shifts could lead to increased domestic consumption and a growing demand for various products and services from both domestic and foreign producers. Diversification BRICS ETFs offer diversification through exposure to different emerging markets in a single fund. This can help balance an investment portfolio heavily weighted in U.S. and European stocks and bonds. Indeed, most of the BRICS countries are significant actors on different continents, providing geographical diversification and broader emerging market exposure. They also have major oil reserves and other significant raw materials exports important for the world economy. While not directly contributing to higher returns, the diversification of BRICS ETFs can help achieve a more balanced portfolio. Diversification can enhance returns while mitigating risks compared with investing only in developed markets. For example, emerging economies may grow when developed markets like the United States or Western Europe stagnate. Convenience BRICS ETFs offer a straightforward way to invest in a diverse range of companies across its member countries. Investing in individual stocks in these countries would require a deep understanding of each market, including local economic conditions, regulations, and market dynamics. BRICS ETFs streamline this process by providing a single investment vehicle encompassing stocks across each country. By buying shares in a BRICS ETF, investors thus gain exposure to a basket of stocks spread across different sectors and regions in a single transaction. Direct investment in international markets (such as opening a foreign brokerage account) also often involves higher transaction costs and minimum investment thresholds, which can be prohibitive for individual investors. BRICS ETFs typically have lower transaction costs than direct international investments, allowing investors to gain exposure to these markets with relatively small investment amounts. Because they trade like shares, ETFs are liquid securities that can be bought and sold throughout the trading day, with many brokerages today offering commission-free trading in most ETFs. Emerging markets, including the BRICS countries, are often less efficient than developed markets. This means that information might not be reflected in stock prices as quickly or accurately as in more developed markets. Skilled investors and fund managers can exploit these inefficiencies to achieve higher returns. However, it’s important to note that these inefficiencies can contribute to higher volatility and increased investment risk. Cons of Investing in BRICS ETFs Higher Volatility Emerging markets tend to experience larger price swings. Therefore, a primary concern with BRICS ETFs is their potential for higher volatility than developed market investments. Stock markets in the BRICS countries can experience sudden fluctuations because of various factors, including economic uncertainty, political instability, trade disruptions, and global market dynamics. This could lead to significant short-term swings in the value of BRICS ETFs, which could be unsettling for risk-averse investors. For example, some BRICS economies, like Brazil, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, rely heavily on commodity prices. This means that the performance of ETFs invested in these countries can be disproportionately affected by global commodity market fluctuations and geopolitical events, adding other layers of risk. Political, Regulatory, and Economic Instability The political and economic environments in the BRICS countries can be less stable than in more developed economies. Changes in government policies, regulations, and political unrest can significantly impact these markets. For instance, armed conflict or sanctions have affected Russia, while regulatory changes can significantly impact China. Such instabilities can directly affect the performance of companies within BRICS ETFs. Regulatory environments in the BRICS countries can also be less robust than in developed markets, leading to concerns about corporate governance and transparency. This can make it more difficult for investors to accurately assess the risks and prospects of the companies within the ETF. Currency Risk When investing in BRICS ETFs, investors are also exposed to currency risk. Fluctuations in the value of these countries’ individual currencies against the investor’s home currency can affect returns from these ETFs. When those currencies weaken vs. the U.S. dollar, it negatively affects the relative performance of those holdings. The fact that the BRICS countries have experienced periods of high inflation in the past has also dampened currency values. Currency risk adds an extra layer of complexity and can either enhance or erode investment returns, depending on currency movements. Factors to Consider When Investing in BRICs ETFs When researching BRICS ETFs, review their holdings, expense ratios, liquidity, assets under management, and historical returns and compare them with each other and benchmarks. Higher expense ratios, for example, can erode net returns, all else being equal. Comparing several BRICs ETFs can help identify a suitable fund for your portfolio and risk tolerance. It’s also important to diversify your exposure or pair BRICS ETFs with other emerging market ETFs rather than concentrate your exposure in the BRICS countries. Broader emerging market ETFs could provide more balanced exposure. Other Emerging Market ETFs In addition to ETFs that track stocks in the BRICS countries, there are other emerging markets funds to consider. The Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF (VWO), iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (EEM), SPDR Portfolio Emerging Markets ETF (SPEM), and Schwab Emerging Markets Equity ETF (SCHE) all have broad-based emerging markets exposure, with BRICS among those from several other countries. Individual country ETFs, like those for Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Thailand, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, among others, also have emerging market exposure. Top BRICS ETFs Top BRICS ETFs ETF Ticker Mandate Assets Managed ($Millions) Expense Ratio iShares MSCI BIC ETF BKF Provides broad exposure to securities from three developing countries in the BRICS region: Brazil, India, and China $67.62 0.69% iShares MSCI Brazil ETF EWZ Tracks an index of large-cap and midcap companies from the B3 exchange in Brazil $5,640 0.59% iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF EWZS Tracks a market-capitalization-weighted index of Brazilian small-cap firms $266.0 0.59% Franklin FTSE Brazil ETF FLBR Tracks a market cap-weighted index of Brazilian large-cap and midcap stocks $174.78 0.19% iShares MSCI India ETF INDA Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of the top 85% of firms in the Indian securities market $8,040 0.65% WisdomTree India Earnings Fund EPI Tracks a total market index of Indian companies selected and weighted by earnings $2,150 0.85% Invesco India ETF PIN Tracks an index of India-listed stocks, screened for yield and quality and weighted by market cap $209.8 0.78% iShares Trust—China Large-Cap ETF FXI Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of the 50 largest Chinese stocks traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange $4,040 0.74% SPDR S&P China ETF GXC Tracks a broad, market-cap-weighted index of investable Chinese shares. The fund’s holdings stretch across all market cap sizes. $622.69 0.59% iShares MSCI China ETF MCHI Tracks a market-cap-weighted index of investable Chinese shares. The fund stretches across all market cap sizes. $5,100 0.59% iShares MSCI South Africa ETF EZA Tracks the performance of a market-cap-weighted index of South African stocks. It captures 85% of the publicly available market, excluding all small caps. $265.6 0.59% Source: VettaFi, ETF Database Note that two Russia-focused ETFs, RSX and ERUS, were delisted following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Which of the BRICS Countries Has the Highest GDP? China has the largest gross domestic product (GDP) of the BRICS countries, at just under $18 trillion in 2022, making it one of the largest economies in the world. Despite its significant economic growth and global influence, China’s classification as an emerging market in the financial and investment world can seem counterintuitive. However, this designation is based on its low per-capita GDP, restrictive regulatory environment, capital controls, and limited market accessibility to foreign investors. Who Created the Category of BRICS? The concept of BRICS was coined by Jim O’Neill, a British economist, in 2001. At the time, O’Neill was the chair of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. He introduced the term in “Building Better Global Economic BRICs,” published as part of the Global Economics Paper series by Goldman Sachs. Which BRICS Country Has the Highest Economic Growth? Here are the estimated GDP growth rates for 2022:India: 7.2%Ethiopia: 5.3%China: 3.0%Egypt: 6.6%UAE: 7.9%Saudi Arabia: 8.7%Iran: 3.8%South Africa: 1.9%Russia: -2.1%Brazil: 2.9%Argentina: 5.0% What Is the Most Popular Emerging Market ETF? The Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF (VWO) and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (EEM) are among the most popular and widely traded emerging market ETFs. These ETFs are favored because of their broad exposure to a range of emerging market economies, large assets under management, and liquidity. Which Are the Most Used BRICS Benchmark Indexes? MSCI BIC Index: Broad index of Brazil, India, and China stocks. Widely tracked benchmark for emerging market equity performance.Dow Jones BRIC 50 Index: A market capitalization-weighted stock index composed of 50 of the most liquid and largest companies in BRICS (excluding Russia after its invasion of Ukraine).S&P BRIC 40: Tracks the 40 largest companies in the BRICS countries. Focuses on liquid large-cap stocks.FTSE/RAFI BRIC 50 Index: Includes 50 stocks from the BRICS countries weighted by market capitalization. Designed to represent the leading blue chip companies. The Bottom Line BRICS ETFs provide exposure to the potentially high-growth emerging markets of the member countries in this alliance in a single fund. This offers convenience compared with picking individual stocks in each market. The key advantages of BRICS ETFs are diversification, access to fast-growing economies, and the possibility of generating higher long-term returns than developed markets. However, there are also greater risks involved. Volatility tends to be higher because of political instability, slower growth, and currency fluctuations. Also, the BRICS countries face challenges with corruption, infrastructure gaps, and economic reforms. For investors with high risk tolerance, a small allocation to BRICS ETFs can provide portfolio growth potential. But limit exposure to 5% to 10% of the total portfolio value. Emerging markets should be balanced with holdings in stable developed markets. Always conduct thorough research before selecting a specific BRICS ETF. Compare expenses, liquidity, holdings, and historical performance against other funds and benchmarks. Diversify across several emerging market ETFs rather than concentrating solely in the BRICS countries.
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https://www.investopedia.com/regional-insured-deposits-7255798
How Much Of Regional Bank Deposits Are Not FDIC Insured?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank's balances were mostly uninsured—and other regional banks have less, but still significant, uninsured deposits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> More than 90% of the deposits at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were uninsured, according to data collected by Wedbush Securities. That means almost all deposits at those banks were greater than the $250,000 <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)</a> insured limit—most likely a function of the kind of customers the firms attracted. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> The Federal Reserve <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/silicon-valley-bank-fails-insured-deposits-to-be-protected-7253956">made an exception</a> last week, saying depositors would be made whole, an intervention that sent a strong message: The banking regulator wouldn't let the system collapse.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> Yet no one can guarantee that the Fed will make the same exception for depositors of other regional banks in case of a failure. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Events of last week <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/first-republic-shares-drop-70-as-regional-bank-panic-spreads-7254543">sparked worries</a> about whether other regional banks had high uninsured deposits that would be in danger during a broader crisis in the regional banking sector. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Regional banks such as First Republic (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FRC">FRC</a>), PacWest Bankcorp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PACW">PACW</a>), Zions Bankcorp. (<a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ZIONS">ZIONS</a>), Comerica (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CMA">CMA</a>) and Western Alliance Bankcorp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=WAL">WAL</a>) faced extreme volatility. Customers and investors in these banks wondered <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/regional-bank-worries-is-your-money-safe-7254725">if their money was safe</a>. The chart below shows that uninsured deposits range from 68% at First Republic to 47% at Keycorp.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/aw103/2/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Percentage of Uninsured Deposits At Battered Regional Banks"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> A bank becomes insolvent when it doesn't have enough money to pay what its customers had deposited it with it. Ideally, a bank's risk management system should ensure that never happens—but sometimes it does. The past two weeks have featured the second- and third-largest bank failures in U.S. history with the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> If a bank is insured by the FDIC, up to $250,000 per depositor is insured.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Any amounts over that $250,000 limit is considered 'uninsured deposits' by the FDIC.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span>That means, in case of a bank failure, you will not get any amount in excess of $250,000 you had in your account.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank's balances were mostly uninsured—and other regional banks have less, but still significant, uninsured deposits. More than 90% of the deposits at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were uninsured, according to data collected by Wedbush Securities. That means almost all deposits at those banks were greater than the $250,000 [Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp) insured limit—most likely a function of the kind of customers the firms attracted. The Federal Reserve [made an exception](https://www.investopedia.com/silicon-valley-bank-fails-insured-deposits-to-be-protected-7253956) last week, saying depositors would be made whole, an intervention that sent a strong message: The banking regulator wouldn't let the system collapse. Yet no one can guarantee that the Fed will make the same exception for depositors of other regional banks in case of a failure. Events of last week [sparked worries](https://www.investopedia.com/first-republic-shares-drop-70-as-regional-bank-panic-spreads-7254543) about whether other regional banks had high uninsured deposits that would be in danger during a broader crisis in the regional banking sector. Regional banks such as First Republic ([FRC](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FRC)), PacWest Bankcorp. ([PACW](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PACW)), Zions Bankcorp. ([ZIONS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ZIONS)), Comerica ([CMA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CMA)) and Western Alliance Bankcorp. ([WAL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=WAL)) faced extreme volatility. Customers and investors in these banks wondered [if their money was safe](https://www.investopedia.com/regional-bank-worries-is-your-money-safe-7254725). The chart below shows that uninsured deposits range from 68% at First Republic to 47% at Keycorp. A bank becomes insolvent when it doesn't have enough money to pay what its customers had deposited it with it. Ideally, a bank's risk management system should ensure that never happens—but sometimes it does. The past two weeks have featured the second- and third-largest bank failures in U.S. history with the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. If a bank is insured by the FDIC, up to $250,000 per depositor is insured. Any amounts over that $250,000 limit is considered 'uninsured deposits' by the FDIC.That means, in case of a bank failure, you will not get any amount in excess of $250,000 you had in your account. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank's balances were mostly uninsured—and other regional banks have less, but still significant, uninsured deposits. More than 90% of the deposits at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were uninsured, according to data collected by Wedbush Securities. That means almost all deposits at those banks were greater than the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured limit—most likely a function of the kind of customers the firms attracted. The Federal Reserve made an exception last week, saying depositors would be made whole, an intervention that sent a strong message: The banking regulator wouldn't let the system collapse. Yet no one can guarantee that the Fed will make the same exception for depositors of other regional banks in case of a failure. Events of last week sparked worries about whether other regional banks had high uninsured deposits that would be in danger during a broader crisis in the regional banking sector. Regional banks such as First Republic (FRC), PacWest Bankcorp. (PACW), Zions Bankcorp. (ZIONS), Comerica (CMA) and Western Alliance Bankcorp. (WAL) faced extreme volatility. Customers and investors in these banks wondered if their money was safe. The chart below shows that uninsured deposits range from 68% at First Republic to 47% at Keycorp. A bank becomes insolvent when it doesn't have enough money to pay what its customers had deposited it with it. Ideally, a bank's risk management system should ensure that never happens—but sometimes it does. The past two weeks have featured the second- and third-largest bank failures in U.S. history with the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. If a bank is insured by the FDIC, up to $250,000 per depositor is insured. Any amounts over that $250,000 limit is considered 'uninsured deposits' by the FDIC.That means, in case of a bank failure, you will not get any amount in excess of $250,000 you had in your account. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp" ], [ "made an exception", "https://www.investopedia.com/silicon-valley-bank-fails-insured-deposits-to-be-protected-7253956" ], [ "sparked worries", "https://www.investopedia.com/first-republic-shares-drop-70-as-regional-bank-panic-spreads-7254543" ], [ "FRC", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=FRC" ], [ "PACW", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=PACW" ], [ "ZIONS", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ZIONS" ], [ "CMA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CMA" ], [ "WAL", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=WAL" ], [ "if their money was safe", "https://www.investopedia.com/regional-bank-worries-is-your-money-safe-7254725" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/where-can-you-cash-checks-5176474
Where Can You Cash Checks?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Most employees are paid through direct deposit, a money transfer, or an app. However, you may be paid by paper checks for some jobs or receive a check as a gift from family or friends. Checks can be cashed or deposited at the bank or credit union that holds your account. If you don't have a bank account, check cashing services are provided at grocery stores and other locations. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The easiest way to cash a check is to take it to a bank where you have an account.</li><li>Check-cashing services are found at Walmart and many grocery stores.</li><li>Checks are commonly issued for personal gifts, payroll, or are government-issued. </li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-local-banks-or-credit-unions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Local Banks or Credit Unions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The simplest way to cash a check, whether personal, payroll, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certifiedcheck.asp">certified</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-ways-to-get-a-cashier-s-check-4590106">cashier’s</a> or government-issued, is through a bank or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditunion.asp">credit union</a> where you already have an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/checkingaccount.asp">account</a>. Check cashing can be completed in person at a local branch or deposited using your bank’s mobile app. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Banks aren’t obligated to cash checks for individuals who aren’t customers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> And those that do may charge costly fees ranging from $3 to $10, or require you to enroll in check-cashing services. Many banks offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-checking-accounts-for-teens-5197119">teen checking accounts</a> specially designed for people under 18. These accounts often waive monthly fees and minimum balance requirements. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Some states allow minors to have bank accounts in their own name at the age of 15 at state-chartered banks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-issuing-bank"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Issuing Bank </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> If you don’t have a bank account, you may be able to cash a personal or payroll check at the issuing bank. The bank name is found in the upper left-hand corner of the check.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Banks <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/112515/top-5-reasons-banks-wont-cash-your-check.asp">aren’t required to cash checks</a> written by their customers to people who don’t have accounts there, but many do. You may be able to cash a check even if you’re under 18, but you’ll have to show proper ID and may be charged a fee.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-walmart"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Walmart </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Walmart provides check cashing services for those over 18 or older with valid identification. Walmart cashes checks of up to $200 for two-party personal checks and up to $5,000 for preprinted checks, except from January through April of each year when it will cash preprinted checks of up to $7,500 during tax refund season. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> You’ll pay a fee of $4 for checks up to $1,000 and $8 for checks over $1,000. For two-party personal checks, you’ll pay a fee of $6.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="34"></span>You can get the money in cash or load it onto a Walmart MoneyCard from cashing: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <li>Payroll checks</li> <li>Government-issued checks</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashierscheck.asp">Cashiers’ checks</a></li> <li>Insurance settlement checks</li> <li>Retirement distribution checks</li> <li>MoneyGram <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-order.asp">money orders</a></li> <li>Two-party personal checks (not available in New Jersey)</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-grocery-stores"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Grocery Stores </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Grocery store chains like Publix and Kroger offer check-cashing services for a small fee, usually with no age limit. To cash a check at a grocery store, you must present a valid identification card, such as a state-issued ID, driver’s license, or passport.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> You’ll also pay a small fee, which will vary by store. At Kroger, for checks up to $2,000, the store charges $4 for Shopper’s Card holders and $4.50 for those without a card. For checks larger than $2,000, it charges $7 if you have a Shopper’s Card and $7.50 if you don’t.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="27"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Some grocery stores only cash preprinted checks like payroll or government-issued checks, insurance settlements, and business or child support checks.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-employer"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Employer </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Depending on where you work, your employer may be able to cash your paycheck for you with certain limitations in place. Additionally, some may limit the value of the checks they will cash. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-paypal"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> PayPal </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> If you have a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paypal.asp">PayPal</a> account, you can cash your check using a photo. Much like the mobile apps offered by banks, the PayPal app allows you to take a photo of each side of your check and choose when you want to receive your money. You can access your money for free within 10 days or immediately for a $5 minimum fee.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> While you can use this service to deposit your check into your PayPal account, you can’t get physical cash. You'll just be electronically transferring the money into your PayPal account and then need to spend it or transfer it to another bank account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>To open a PayPal account and use the check cashing service, you must be at least 18 years old.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="31"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-third-party"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Third Party </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> If you don’t have a bank account, run into age limits, and don’t have valid identification to cash your check, you can endorse it to someone such as a parent. This is called a third-party check. Your parent can deposit the check into the parental account, and then give you cash in exchange by following these steps: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> <li>On the back of the check, you’ll print your name</li><li>Under your name, the adult will print their name and relationship to you</li><li>Then, the adult will write their account number, if depositing into their account</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> Some banks may refuse to accept endorsed third-party checks or require you to be physically present with the person cashing the check. Many check-cashing locations, such as grocery stores, will not accept third-party checks. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-check-cashing-service"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Check-Cashing Service </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> If you don’t have a bank account but have a government-issued ID, you might be able to cash your check at a nearby check-cashing service. These companies are often physical locations where you bring your check and walk out with cash. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> You can generally cash a check at a check-cashing service even if you’re younger than 18 with identification. Like other check-cashing services, these companies require a flat-rate fee or fees that range between 1% and 10%, depending on the type of check.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="38"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-do-you-need-to-cash-a-check"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Do You Need to Cash a Check?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Banks and check cashing services commonly require the check, a government-issued ID, such as a driver’s license, state ID, or passport, and money to pay check-cashing fees.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-long-do-you-have-to-cash-a-check"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Long Do You Have to Cash a Check?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Generally speaking, you’ll only have six months after a check is written to cash it. After six months, the check is considered <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/082216/when-do-checks-expire.asp">stale</a>, and a bank or credit union can choose not to honor it. After six months, you may need to go to the source to see if you can get a replacement check.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-cash-a-check-without-an-id"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Cash a Check Without an ID?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>It will be difficult, if not impossible, to cash a check on your own without an ID. However, you can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-endorse-a-check-5188585">endorse the check</a> to someone else to cash, such as at a parent’s or guardian’s bank.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Without a bank account, you may have difficulty cashing checks. Luckily, there are still some ways to get your money, including visiting the issuing bank or going to a local grocery store. Many check-cashing services have age restrictions, meaning those under 18 need a parent or guardian to accompany them. </p></div>
Most employees are paid through direct deposit, a money transfer, or an app. However, you may be paid by paper checks for some jobs or receive a check as a gift from family or friends. Checks can be cashed or deposited at the bank or credit union that holds your account. If you don't have a bank account, check cashing services are provided at grocery stores and other locations. ### Key Takeaways * The easiest way to cash a check is to take it to a bank where you have an account. * Check-cashing services are found at Walmart and many grocery stores. * Checks are commonly issued for personal gifts, payroll, or are government-issued. ## Local Banks or Credit Unions The simplest way to cash a check, whether personal, payroll, [certified](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certifiedcheck.asp), [cashier’s](https://www.investopedia.com/best-ways-to-get-a-cashier-s-check-4590106) or government-issued, is through a bank or [credit union](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditunion.asp) where you already have an [account](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/checkingaccount.asp). Check cashing can be completed in person at a local branch or deposited using your bank’s mobile app. Banks aren’t obligated to cash checks for individuals who aren’t customers. And those that do may charge costly fees ranging from $3 to $10, or require you to enroll in check-cashing services. Many banks offer [teen checking accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/best-checking-accounts-for-teens-5197119) specially designed for people under 18. These accounts often waive monthly fees and minimum balance requirements. ### Some states allow minors to have bank accounts in their own name at the age of 15 at state-chartered banks. ## The Issuing Bank If you don’t have a bank account, you may be able to cash a personal or payroll check at the issuing bank. The bank name is found in the upper left-hand corner of the check.  Banks [aren’t required to cash checks](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/112515/top-5-reasons-banks-wont-cash-your-check.asp) written by their customers to people who don’t have accounts there, but many do. You may be able to cash a check even if you’re under 18, but you’ll have to show proper ID and may be charged a fee. ## Walmart Walmart provides check cashing services for those over 18 or older with valid identification. Walmart cashes checks of up to $200 for two-party personal checks and up to $5,000 for preprinted checks, except from January through April of each year when it will cash preprinted checks of up to $7,500 during tax refund season. You’ll pay a fee of $4 for checks up to $1,000 and $8 for checks over $1,000. For two-party personal checks, you’ll pay a fee of $6.You can get the money in cash or load it onto a Walmart MoneyCard from cashing: * Payroll checks * Government-issued checks * [Cashiers’ checks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashierscheck.asp) * Insurance settlement checks * Retirement distribution checks * MoneyGram [money orders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-order.asp) * Two-party personal checks (not available in New Jersey) ## Grocery Stores Grocery store chains like Publix and Kroger offer check-cashing services for a small fee, usually with no age limit. To cash a check at a grocery store, you must present a valid identification card, such as a state-issued ID, driver’s license, or passport.  You’ll also pay a small fee, which will vary by store. At Kroger, for checks up to $2,000, the store charges $4 for Shopper’s Card holders and $4.50 for those without a card. For checks larger than $2,000, it charges $7 if you have a Shopper’s Card and $7.50 if you don’t. ### Some grocery stores only cash preprinted checks like payroll or government-issued checks, insurance settlements, and business or child support checks. ## Employer Depending on where you work, your employer may be able to cash your paycheck for you with certain limitations in place. Additionally, some may limit the value of the checks they will cash. ## PayPal If you have a [PayPal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paypal.asp) account, you can cash your check using a photo. Much like the mobile apps offered by banks, the PayPal app allows you to take a photo of each side of your check and choose when you want to receive your money. You can access your money for free within 10 days or immediately for a $5 minimum fee. While you can use this service to deposit your check into your PayPal account, you can’t get physical cash. You'll just be electronically transferring the money into your PayPal account and then need to spend it or transfer it to another bank account. ### To open a PayPal account and use the check cashing service, you must be at least 18 years old. ## Third Party If you don’t have a bank account, run into age limits, and don’t have valid identification to cash your check, you can endorse it to someone such as a parent. This is called a third-party check. Your parent can deposit the check into the parental account, and then give you cash in exchange by following these steps: 1. On the back of the check, you’ll print your name 2. Under your name, the adult will print their name and relationship to you 3. Then, the adult will write their account number, if depositing into their account Some banks may refuse to accept endorsed third-party checks or require you to be physically present with the person cashing the check. Many check-cashing locations, such as grocery stores, will not accept third-party checks. ## Check-Cashing Service If you don’t have a bank account but have a government-issued ID, you might be able to cash your check at a nearby check-cashing service. These companies are often physical locations where you bring your check and walk out with cash. You can generally cash a check at a check-cashing service even if you’re younger than 18 with identification. Like other check-cashing services, these companies require a flat-rate fee or fees that range between 1% and 10%, depending on the type of check. ## What Do You Need to Cash a Check? Banks and check cashing services commonly require the check, a government-issued ID, such as a driver’s license, state ID, or passport, and money to pay check-cashing fees. ## How Long Do You Have to Cash a Check? Generally speaking, you’ll only have six months after a check is written to cash it. After six months, the check is considered [stale](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/082216/when-do-checks-expire.asp), and a bank or credit union can choose not to honor it. After six months, you may need to go to the source to see if you can get a replacement check. ## Can I Cash a Check Without an ID? It will be difficult, if not impossible, to cash a check on your own without an ID. However, you can [endorse the check](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-endorse-a-check-5188585) to someone else to cash, such as at a parent’s or guardian’s bank. ## The Bottom Line Without a bank account, you may have difficulty cashing checks. Luckily, there are still some ways to get your money, including visiting the issuing bank or going to a local grocery store. Many check-cashing services have age restrictions, meaning those under 18 need a parent or guardian to accompany them.
Most employees are paid through direct deposit, a money transfer, or an app. However, you may be paid by paper checks for some jobs or receive a check as a gift from family or friends. Checks can be cashed or deposited at the bank or credit union that holds your account. If you don't have a bank account, check cashing services are provided at grocery stores and other locations. Key Takeaways The easiest way to cash a check is to take it to a bank where you have an account.Check-cashing services are found at Walmart and many grocery stores.Checks are commonly issued for personal gifts, payroll, or are government-issued.  Local Banks or Credit Unions The simplest way to cash a check, whether personal, payroll, certified, cashier’s or government-issued, is through a bank or credit union where you already have an account. Check cashing can be completed in person at a local branch or deposited using your bank’s mobile app. Banks aren’t obligated to cash checks for individuals who aren’t customers. And those that do may charge costly fees ranging from $3 to $10, or require you to enroll in check-cashing services. Many banks offer teen checking accounts specially designed for people under 18. These accounts often waive monthly fees and minimum balance requirements. Some states allow minors to have bank accounts in their own name at the age of 15 at state-chartered banks. The Issuing Bank If you don’t have a bank account, you may be able to cash a personal or payroll check at the issuing bank. The bank name is found in the upper left-hand corner of the check.  Banks aren’t required to cash checks written by their customers to people who don’t have accounts there, but many do. You may be able to cash a check even if you’re under 18, but you’ll have to show proper ID and may be charged a fee. Walmart Walmart provides check cashing services for those over 18 or older with valid identification. Walmart cashes checks of up to $200 for two-party personal checks and up to $5,000 for preprinted checks, except from January through April of each year when it will cash preprinted checks of up to $7,500 during tax refund season. You’ll pay a fee of $4 for checks up to $1,000 and $8 for checks over $1,000. For two-party personal checks, you’ll pay a fee of $6.You can get the money in cash or load it onto a Walmart MoneyCard from cashing: Payroll checks Government-issued checks Cashiers’ checks Insurance settlement checks Retirement distribution checks MoneyGram money orders Two-party personal checks (not available in New Jersey) Grocery Stores Grocery store chains like Publix and Kroger offer check-cashing services for a small fee, usually with no age limit. To cash a check at a grocery store, you must present a valid identification card, such as a state-issued ID, driver’s license, or passport.  You’ll also pay a small fee, which will vary by store. At Kroger, for checks up to $2,000, the store charges $4 for Shopper’s Card holders and $4.50 for those without a card. For checks larger than $2,000, it charges $7 if you have a Shopper’s Card and $7.50 if you don’t. Some grocery stores only cash preprinted checks like payroll or government-issued checks, insurance settlements, and business or child support checks. Employer Depending on where you work, your employer may be able to cash your paycheck for you with certain limitations in place. Additionally, some may limit the value of the checks they will cash. PayPal If you have a PayPal account, you can cash your check using a photo. Much like the mobile apps offered by banks, the PayPal app allows you to take a photo of each side of your check and choose when you want to receive your money. You can access your money for free within 10 days or immediately for a $5 minimum fee. While you can use this service to deposit your check into your PayPal account, you can’t get physical cash. You'll just be electronically transferring the money into your PayPal account and then need to spend it or transfer it to another bank account. To open a PayPal account and use the check cashing service, you must be at least 18 years old. Third Party If you don’t have a bank account, run into age limits, and don’t have valid identification to cash your check, you can endorse it to someone such as a parent. This is called a third-party check. Your parent can deposit the check into the parental account, and then give you cash in exchange by following these steps: On the back of the check, you’ll print your nameUnder your name, the adult will print their name and relationship to youThen, the adult will write their account number, if depositing into their account Some banks may refuse to accept endorsed third-party checks or require you to be physically present with the person cashing the check. Many check-cashing locations, such as grocery stores, will not accept third-party checks. Check-Cashing Service If you don’t have a bank account but have a government-issued ID, you might be able to cash your check at a nearby check-cashing service. These companies are often physical locations where you bring your check and walk out with cash. You can generally cash a check at a check-cashing service even if you’re younger than 18 with identification. Like other check-cashing services, these companies require a flat-rate fee or fees that range between 1% and 10%, depending on the type of check. What Do You Need to Cash a Check? Banks and check cashing services commonly require the check, a government-issued ID, such as a driver’s license, state ID, or passport, and money to pay check-cashing fees. How Long Do You Have to Cash a Check? Generally speaking, you’ll only have six months after a check is written to cash it. After six months, the check is considered stale, and a bank or credit union can choose not to honor it. After six months, you may need to go to the source to see if you can get a replacement check. Can I Cash a Check Without an ID? It will be difficult, if not impossible, to cash a check on your own without an ID. However, you can endorse the check to someone else to cash, such as at a parent’s or guardian’s bank. The Bottom Line Without a bank account, you may have difficulty cashing checks. Luckily, there are still some ways to get your money, including visiting the issuing bank or going to a local grocery store. Many check-cashing services have age restrictions, meaning those under 18 need a parent or guardian to accompany them.
[ [ "certified", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certifiedcheck.asp" ], [ "cashier’s", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-ways-to-get-a-cashier-s-check-4590106" ], [ "credit union", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditunion.asp" ], [ "account", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/checkingaccount.asp" ], [ "teen checking accounts", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-checking-accounts-for-teens-5197119" ], [ "aren’t required to cash checks", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/112515/top-5-reasons-banks-wont-cash-your-check.asp" ], [ "Cashiers’ checks", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashierscheck.asp" ], [ "money orders", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-order.asp" ], [ "PayPal", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paypal.asp" ], [ "stale", "https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/082216/when-do-checks-expire.asp" ], [ "endorse the check", "https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-endorse-a-check-5188585" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/fdic-signature-bank-7486572
FDIC Says Poor Risk Management, Illiquidity Led to Failure of Signature Bank
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Improper risk management helped doom crypto-friendly Signature Bank (SBNY) as it grew rapidly, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) said Friday. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>FDIC: Illiquidity and poor management caused SBNY to fail.<br/></li><li>Management relied too heavily on illiquid deposits without appropriate risk protocols.</li><li>`Unprecedented' speed of March bank runs may change liquidity risk supervision.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Regulators shuttered Signature Bank on March 12 amid the failure of another crypto lender, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/silvergate-capital-to-wind-down-operations-and-shut-down-cryptobank-7252850">Silvergate Capital, </a>and Silicon Valley Bank. The FDIC and the Federal Reserve instituted <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/silicon-valley-bank-fails-insured-deposits-to-be-protected-7253956">emergency measures to pay back depositors</a> and provide liquidity to other banks in need. SBNY's failure cost the FDIC's Deposit Insurance fund $2.5 billion, although the total loss will be known only after its FDIC receivership ends.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> The FDIC noted in a report that the "primary cause" of the bank's failure was illiquidity caused by the collapse of Silvergate. However, it also said the root cause was poor management, saying its board pursued "rapid, unrestrained growth without developing and maintaining adequate risk management practices". Management also failed to adopt proper corporate governance and failed to listen to FDIC concern respond quickly to its recommendations.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The FDIC said the bank had an over-reliance on uninsured deposits and that management failed to understand the inherent risks involved with its reliance on crypto industry deposits and wasn't aware of its vulnerability to the contagion that existed from 2021 through 2022. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> As of 31 Dec. 2022, SBNY had total deposits of $88.6 billion and assets of $110.4 billion. In the FDIC's conclusions, it said the speed at which depositors withdrew funds from SBNY and Silicon Valley Bank in March was "unprecedented" and may lead to changes in regulation and supervision related to liquidity risk management.<br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
Improper risk management helped doom crypto-friendly Signature Bank (SBNY) as it grew rapidly, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) said Friday. ### Key Takeaways * FDIC: Illiquidity and poor management caused SBNY to fail. * Management relied too heavily on illiquid deposits without appropriate risk protocols. * `Unprecedented' speed of March bank runs may change liquidity risk supervision. Regulators shuttered Signature Bank on March 12 amid the failure of another crypto lender, [Silvergate Capital,](https://www.investopedia.com/silvergate-capital-to-wind-down-operations-and-shut-down-cryptobank-7252850) and Silicon Valley Bank. The FDIC and the Federal Reserve instituted [emergency measures to pay back depositors](https://www.investopedia.com/silicon-valley-bank-fails-insured-deposits-to-be-protected-7253956) and provide liquidity to other banks in need. SBNY's failure cost the FDIC's Deposit Insurance fund $2.5 billion, although the total loss will be known only after its FDIC receivership ends. The FDIC noted in a report that the "primary cause" of the bank's failure was illiquidity caused by the collapse of Silvergate. However, it also said the root cause was poor management, saying its board pursued "rapid, unrestrained growth without developing and maintaining adequate risk management practices". Management also failed to adopt proper corporate governance and failed to listen to FDIC concern respond quickly to its recommendations. The FDIC said the bank had an over-reliance on uninsured deposits and that management failed to understand the inherent risks involved with its reliance on crypto industry deposits and wasn't aware of its vulnerability to the contagion that existed from 2021 through 2022. As of 31 Dec. 2022, SBNY had total deposits of $88.6 billion and assets of $110.4 billion. In the FDIC's conclusions, it said the speed at which depositors withdrew funds from SBNY and Silicon Valley Bank in March was "unprecedented" and may lead to changes in regulation and supervision related to liquidity risk management. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Improper risk management helped doom crypto-friendly Signature Bank (SBNY) as it grew rapidly, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) said Friday. Key Takeaways FDIC: Illiquidity and poor management caused SBNY to fail.Management relied too heavily on illiquid deposits without appropriate risk protocols.`Unprecedented' speed of March bank runs may change liquidity risk supervision. Regulators shuttered Signature Bank on March 12 amid the failure of another crypto lender, Silvergate Capital, and Silicon Valley Bank. The FDIC and the Federal Reserve instituted emergency measures to pay back depositors and provide liquidity to other banks in need. SBNY's failure cost the FDIC's Deposit Insurance fund $2.5 billion, although the total loss will be known only after its FDIC receivership ends. The FDIC noted in a report that the "primary cause" of the bank's failure was illiquidity caused by the collapse of Silvergate. However, it also said the root cause was poor management, saying its board pursued "rapid, unrestrained growth without developing and maintaining adequate risk management practices". Management also failed to adopt proper corporate governance and failed to listen to FDIC concern respond quickly to its recommendations. The FDIC said the bank had an over-reliance on uninsured deposits and that management failed to understand the inherent risks involved with its reliance on crypto industry deposits and wasn't aware of its vulnerability to the contagion that existed from 2021 through 2022. As of 31 Dec. 2022, SBNY had total deposits of $88.6 billion and assets of $110.4 billion. In the FDIC's conclusions, it said the speed at which depositors withdrew funds from SBNY and Silicon Valley Bank in March was "unprecedented" and may lead to changes in regulation and supervision related to liquidity risk management. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "Silvergate Capital,", "https://www.investopedia.com/silvergate-capital-to-wind-down-operations-and-shut-down-cryptobank-7252850" ], [ "emergency measures to pay back depositors", "https://www.investopedia.com/silicon-valley-bank-fails-insured-deposits-to-be-protected-7253956" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hdhp.asp
High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP): Definition, Coverage, and Costs
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-high-deductible-health-plan-hdhp"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP)? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The term high-deductible health plan (HDHP) refers to a health insurance plan with a sizable <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deductible.asp">deductible</a> for medical expenses. An HDHP usually has a larger annual deductible (usually four figures) than a typical health plan but charges lower monthly <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/premium.asp">premiums</a>. Plans fully cover routine preventive care, which means that individuals aren't responsible for copays or coinsurance. The minimum deductible varies from year to year. For 2022, the IRS defines an HDHP as one with a deductible of at least $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for families.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> For 2023, The 2023 minimum annual deductible rises to $1,500 for individuals and $3,000 for families.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A high-deductible health plan is a health insurance plan with a sizable deductible and lower monthly premiums.</li><li>Only HDHPs qualify for tax-advantaged health savings accounts.</li><li>An HDHP is best for younger, healthier people who don’t expect to need health care coverage except in the face of a serious health emergency.</li><li>Wealthy individuals and families who can afford to pay the high deductible out of pocket and want the benefits of an HSA may benefit from HDHPs.</li><li>HDHPs are believed to lower overall health care costs by making people more aware of the cost of medical expenses.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-a-high-deductible-health-plan-hdhp"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> A deductible is the portion of an insurance claim that the insured must pay <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outofpocket.asp">out of pocket</a> before the policy coverage is activated. When an individual pays that portion of a claim, the insurance company covers the remaining portion, as specified in the contract.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> HDHPs are thought to lower overall healthcare costs by making individuals more conscious of medical expenses. The higher deductible also lowers <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance-premium.asp">insurance premiums</a>, leading to more affordable monthly costs. This arrangement benefits healthy people who need coverage for serious health emergencies. Wealthy families who can afford to meet the deductible also benefit because it offers access to a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp">tax-advantaged</a> Health Savings Account.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The flipside of HDHPs is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/first_dollar_coverage.asp">first dollar coverage plans</a>. These plans have no deductible, but you'll pay a much higher premium, and the plan may put strict limits on the total value of coverage. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> These plans fully cover routine preventive care without <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/copay.asp">copays</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coinsurance.asp">coinsurance</a> before the deductible kicks in for the following list (which is not exhaustive): </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <li>Blood pressure screening</li><li>Depression screening</li><li>Diet and nutritional counseling</li><li>HIV screening</li><li>Immunizations for diseases, such as chickenpox, the flu, and the measles<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> HDHP coverage comes with an annual catastrophic limit on out-of-pocket expenses for covered services from in-network providers. For example, plans set a minimum deductible of $1,400 and $2,800 for individuals and families, respectively (rising to $1,500 and $3,000 respectively for 2023). The maximum deductible for 2022 is $7,050 for an individual and $14,100 for a family (rising to $7,500 and $15,000 for 2023).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> When you reach this limit, your plan pays 100% of your expenses for in-network care. If you're interested in taking this route, it's important to understand <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/012716/how-highdeductible-health-plans-work.asp">how HDHPs work</a> and how having one will change how you pay for health care. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>HDHPs became more common when <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082914/rules-having-health-savings-account-hsa.asp">HSA-establishing legislation</a> was signed into law in 2003.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-special-considerations"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Special Considerations </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> One of the perks of an HDHP is being able to open a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hsa.asp">health savings account (HSA)</a>, which is a tax-advantaged savings account. In fact, HSAs are exclusively available to people covered by an HDHP. And you can't have any other type of health insurance to qualify for one.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Regular contributions to the account are made by the insured individual or their employer. These funds are not subject to federal <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/incometax.asp">income taxes</a> at the time of the deposit or withdrawal.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> The idea is to use them for qualified medical expenses that HDHPs don’t cover, including: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <li>Acupuncture</li><li>Deductibles</li><li>Dental services</li><li>Vision care</li><li>Prescription drugs</li><li>Copays</li><li>Psychiatric treatments</li><li>Other qualified expenses not covered by a health insurance plan<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span><br/></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> An HSA can cut costs if you face high deductibles. As long as withdrawals from an HSA are used to pay for qualified medical expenses that are not covered under the HDHP, the amount withdrawn will not be taxed.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Unlike a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/flexiblespendingaccount.asp">flexible spending account (FSA)</a>, contributions made to an HSA do not have to be spent or withdrawn during the tax year they were deposited. Any unused contributions can be rolled over—indefinitely.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> For wealthy families who can afford to self-insure, an HDHP allows access to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120715/why-hsas-appeal-more-highincome-earners.asp">HSA tax-advantaged savings</a> that they can use in retirement when the early withdrawal penalty for nonqualified expenses no longer applies. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-warning" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Withdrawals for nonqualified expenses are subject to income tax and a 20% early withdrawal penalty if you're under the age of 65.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-an-hdhp"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages and Disadvantages of an HDHP </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> The high cost associated with HDHPs comes with certain benefits and drawbacks. We've listed some of the most common ones below. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Advantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> As noted above, insured individuals with an HDHP end up paying lower monthly premiums. This can save you money if you know that you're only going to use the plan for preventive care rather than more complicated procedures. Make sure you stay within your network in order to reap the benefits, otherwise you'll incur extra costs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Covered individuals are allowed to use an HSA in conjunction with an HDHP. Remember that HSAs are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp">tax-advantaged</a> accounts, which can be used to pay for qualified medical expenses that your plan may not pay for, such as acupuncture and dental expenses. The money that you deposit into your HSA is tax-free and can help cut the cost of your high deductible.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Disadvantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> The main and obvious disadvantage is the high cost associated with these plans. Higher deductibles mean that you have to pay more out of your own pocket for your medical and health care before the plan actually starts to pay for you. This can put a dent in your pocket, especially if you have unexpected health issues with which you have to deal. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> You have a high deductible with a plan like this, hence the name. The deductible is the portion of the plan that you're responsible for before your insurer steps in to cover your expenses. Keep in mind, though, that your preventive care is completely covered, which means that you'll have to pay for covered costs on your own. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Lower monthly premiums</p></li> <li><p>Works with a health-savings account, which is tax-free and covers qualified medical expenses</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Higher out-of-pocket costs</p></li> <li><p>Higher deductibles</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-an-hdhp"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of an HDHP </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> As noted above, high-deductible health plans are suitable for people who are fairly healthy and don't need to pay for complicated medical procedures. They are suited for people who generally only require preventive care. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> For instance, a 30-year-old without any underlying conditions and other health problems may be considered a good candidate for an HDHP. This person may only require certain preventive procedures such as flu shots, nutritional counseling, or health screenings. They would not be responsible for any copays or coinsurance either. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> But they may need to save up, in case there is an unexpected medical emergency, as their plan wouldn't cover this expense until they reach their deductible.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-qualifies-as-a-high-deductible-health-plan-for-an-hsa"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Qualifies as a High-Deductible Health Plan for an HSA?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You can combine your HDHP with an HSA, which is a tax-advantage health care plan. In order to qualify for an HSA, you must be enrolled in an HDHP and not have any other type of health insurance.<br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-does-a-high-deductible-health-plan-cost"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Much Does a High-Deductible Health Plan Cost?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>In order to qualify as such, an HDHP must have a minimum deductible in 2022 of $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for family coverage (rising to $1,500 and $3,000 in 2023). The maximum amount of money insured individuals must spend is $7,050 per individual and $14,100 for families in 2022 (rising to $7,500 and $15,000 in 2023).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> Insured individuals are also responsible for monthly premiums, which vary based on the insurer.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-a-high-deductible-health-plan-cover"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Does a High-Deductible Health Plan Cover?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Medical expenses covered under an HDHP include preventive care, such as blood pressure screening, depression screening, diet and nutritional counseling, HIV screening, and immunizations for diseases like chickenpox, the flu, and measles. Insured individuals are not responsible for copays or coinsurance associated with any of these procedures. Non-qualified medical expenses aren't covered, such as acupuncture, dental, and vision care. Keep in mind you're allowed to establish and use an HSA in conjunction with an HDHP, which can be used to pay for qualified medical and dental expenses to help you reach your deductible. The list of qualified expenses was expanded as part of the CARES Act enacted by Congress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using HSA funds to pay for non-qualified medical expenses will incur income taxes and possibly a 20% penalty depending on your age.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-who-offers-high-deductible-health-plans"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Who Offers High-Deductible Health Plans?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You can get coverage under an HDHP through your employer. These plans are also available through government health care exchanges.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> It's important to choose the right health care plan—one that fits your medical and financial needs. Some plans make you pay more out of pocket, including copays and coinsurance, but start kicking in after you reach a low deductible. But others come with higher deductibles which are offset by lower monthly premiums. These high-deductible health plans are suited for those who are healthy. can afford to pay more out-of-pocket, and only need preventive care. Although the low upfront cost of these plans may be attractive, it's important to weigh out any other factors, like your medical history and the overall affordability before you sign up.<br/> </p></div>
## What Is a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP)? The term high-deductible health plan (HDHP) refers to a health insurance plan with a sizable [deductible](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deductible.asp) for medical expenses. An HDHP usually has a larger annual deductible (usually four figures) than a typical health plan but charges lower monthly [premiums](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/premium.asp). Plans fully cover routine preventive care, which means that individuals aren't responsible for copays or coinsurance. The minimum deductible varies from year to year. For 2022, the IRS defines an HDHP as one with a deductible of at least $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for families. For 2023, The 2023 minimum annual deductible rises to $1,500 for individuals and $3,000 for families. ### Key Takeaways * A high-deductible health plan is a health insurance plan with a sizable deductible and lower monthly premiums. * Only HDHPs qualify for tax-advantaged health savings accounts. * An HDHP is best for younger, healthier people who don’t expect to need health care coverage except in the face of a serious health emergency. * Wealthy individuals and families who can afford to pay the high deductible out of pocket and want the benefits of an HSA may benefit from HDHPs. * HDHPs are believed to lower overall health care costs by making people more aware of the cost of medical expenses. ## Understanding a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) A deductible is the portion of an insurance claim that the insured must pay [out of pocket](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outofpocket.asp) before the policy coverage is activated. When an individual pays that portion of a claim, the insurance company covers the remaining portion, as specified in the contract. HDHPs are thought to lower overall healthcare costs by making individuals more conscious of medical expenses. The higher deductible also lowers [insurance premiums](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance-premium.asp), leading to more affordable monthly costs. This arrangement benefits healthy people who need coverage for serious health emergencies. Wealthy families who can afford to meet the deductible also benefit because it offers access to a [tax-advantaged](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp) Health Savings Account. The flipside of HDHPs is [first dollar coverage plans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/first_dollar_coverage.asp). These plans have no deductible, but you'll pay a much higher premium, and the plan may put strict limits on the total value of coverage. These plans fully cover routine preventive care without [copays](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/copay.asp) or [coinsurance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coinsurance.asp) before the deductible kicks in for the following list (which is not exhaustive): * Blood pressure screening * Depression screening * Diet and nutritional counseling * HIV screening * Immunizations for diseases, such as chickenpox, the flu, and the measles HDHP coverage comes with an annual catastrophic limit on out-of-pocket expenses for covered services from in-network providers. For example, plans set a minimum deductible of $1,400 and $2,800 for individuals and families, respectively (rising to $1,500 and $3,000 respectively for 2023). The maximum deductible for 2022 is $7,050 for an individual and $14,100 for a family (rising to $7,500 and $15,000 for 2023). When you reach this limit, your plan pays 100% of your expenses for in-network care. If you're interested in taking this route, it's important to understand [how HDHPs work](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/012716/how-highdeductible-health-plans-work.asp) and how having one will change how you pay for health care. ### HDHPs became more common when [HSA-establishing legislation](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082914/rules-having-health-savings-account-hsa.asp) was signed into law in 2003. ## Special Considerations One of the perks of an HDHP is being able to open a [health savings account (HSA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hsa.asp), which is a tax-advantaged savings account. In fact, HSAs are exclusively available to people covered by an HDHP. And you can't have any other type of health insurance to qualify for one. Regular contributions to the account are made by the insured individual or their employer. These funds are not subject to federal [income taxes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/incometax.asp) at the time of the deposit or withdrawal. The idea is to use them for qualified medical expenses that HDHPs don’t cover, including: * Acupuncture * Deductibles * Dental services * Vision care * Prescription drugs * Copays * Psychiatric treatments * Other qualified expenses not covered by a health insurance plan An HSA can cut costs if you face high deductibles. As long as withdrawals from an HSA are used to pay for qualified medical expenses that are not covered under the HDHP, the amount withdrawn will not be taxed. Unlike a [flexible spending account (FSA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/flexiblespendingaccount.asp), contributions made to an HSA do not have to be spent or withdrawn during the tax year they were deposited. Any unused contributions can be rolled over—indefinitely. For wealthy families who can afford to self-insure, an HDHP allows access to [HSA tax-advantaged savings](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120715/why-hsas-appeal-more-highincome-earners.asp) that they can use in retirement when the early withdrawal penalty for nonqualified expenses no longer applies. ### Withdrawals for nonqualified expenses are subject to income tax and a 20% early withdrawal penalty if you're under the age of 65. ## Advantages and Disadvantages of an HDHP The high cost associated with HDHPs comes with certain benefits and drawbacks. We've listed some of the most common ones below. ### Advantages As noted above, insured individuals with an HDHP end up paying lower monthly premiums. This can save you money if you know that you're only going to use the plan for preventive care rather than more complicated procedures. Make sure you stay within your network in order to reap the benefits, otherwise you'll incur extra costs. Covered individuals are allowed to use an HSA in conjunction with an HDHP. Remember that HSAs are [tax-advantaged](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp) accounts, which can be used to pay for qualified medical expenses that your plan may not pay for, such as acupuncture and dental expenses. The money that you deposit into your HSA is tax-free and can help cut the cost of your high deductible. ### Disadvantages The main and obvious disadvantage is the high cost associated with these plans. Higher deductibles mean that you have to pay more out of your own pocket for your medical and health care before the plan actually starts to pay for you. This can put a dent in your pocket, especially if you have unexpected health issues with which you have to deal. You have a high deductible with a plan like this, hence the name. The deductible is the portion of the plan that you're responsible for before your insurer steps in to cover your expenses. Keep in mind, though, that your preventive care is completely covered, which means that you'll have to pay for covered costs on your own. Pros * Lower monthly premiums * Works with a health-savings account, which is tax-free and covers qualified medical expenses Cons * Higher out-of-pocket costs * Higher deductibles ## Example of an HDHP As noted above, high-deductible health plans are suitable for people who are fairly healthy and don't need to pay for complicated medical procedures. They are suited for people who generally only require preventive care. For instance, a 30-year-old without any underlying conditions and other health problems may be considered a good candidate for an HDHP. This person may only require certain preventive procedures such as flu shots, nutritional counseling, or health screenings. They would not be responsible for any copays or coinsurance either. But they may need to save up, in case there is an unexpected medical emergency, as their plan wouldn't cover this expense until they reach their deductible. ## What Qualifies as a High-Deductible Health Plan for an HSA? You can combine your HDHP with an HSA, which is a tax-advantage health care plan. In order to qualify for an HSA, you must be enrolled in an HDHP and not have any other type of health insurance. ## How Much Does a High-Deductible Health Plan Cost? In order to qualify as such, an HDHP must have a minimum deductible in 2022 of $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for family coverage (rising to $1,500 and $3,000 in 2023). The maximum amount of money insured individuals must spend is $7,050 per individual and $14,100 for families in 2022 (rising to $7,500 and $15,000 in 2023). Insured individuals are also responsible for monthly premiums, which vary based on the insurer. ## What Does a High-Deductible Health Plan Cover? Medical expenses covered under an HDHP include preventive care, such as blood pressure screening, depression screening, diet and nutritional counseling, HIV screening, and immunizations for diseases like chickenpox, the flu, and measles. Insured individuals are not responsible for copays or coinsurance associated with any of these procedures. Non-qualified medical expenses aren't covered, such as acupuncture, dental, and vision care. Keep in mind you're allowed to establish and use an HSA in conjunction with an HDHP, which can be used to pay for qualified medical and dental expenses to help you reach your deductible. The list of qualified expenses was expanded as part of the CARES Act enacted by Congress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using HSA funds to pay for non-qualified medical expenses will incur income taxes and possibly a 20% penalty depending on your age. ## Who Offers High-Deductible Health Plans? You can get coverage under an HDHP through your employer. These plans are also available through government health care exchanges. ## The Bottom Line It's important to choose the right health care plan—one that fits your medical and financial needs. Some plans make you pay more out of pocket, including copays and coinsurance, but start kicking in after you reach a low deductible. But others come with higher deductibles which are offset by lower monthly premiums. These high-deductible health plans are suited for those who are healthy. can afford to pay more out-of-pocket, and only need preventive care. Although the low upfront cost of these plans may be attractive, it's important to weigh out any other factors, like your medical history and the overall affordability before you sign up.
What Is a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP)? The term high-deductible health plan (HDHP) refers to a health insurance plan with a sizable deductible for medical expenses. An HDHP usually has a larger annual deductible (usually four figures) than a typical health plan but charges lower monthly premiums. Plans fully cover routine preventive care, which means that individuals aren't responsible for copays or coinsurance. The minimum deductible varies from year to year. For 2022, the IRS defines an HDHP as one with a deductible of at least $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for families. For 2023, The 2023 minimum annual deductible rises to $1,500 for individuals and $3,000 for families. Key Takeaways A high-deductible health plan is a health insurance plan with a sizable deductible and lower monthly premiums.Only HDHPs qualify for tax-advantaged health savings accounts.An HDHP is best for younger, healthier people who don’t expect to need health care coverage except in the face of a serious health emergency.Wealthy individuals and families who can afford to pay the high deductible out of pocket and want the benefits of an HSA may benefit from HDHPs.HDHPs are believed to lower overall health care costs by making people more aware of the cost of medical expenses. Understanding a High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) A deductible is the portion of an insurance claim that the insured must pay out of pocket before the policy coverage is activated. When an individual pays that portion of a claim, the insurance company covers the remaining portion, as specified in the contract. HDHPs are thought to lower overall healthcare costs by making individuals more conscious of medical expenses. The higher deductible also lowers insurance premiums, leading to more affordable monthly costs. This arrangement benefits healthy people who need coverage for serious health emergencies. Wealthy families who can afford to meet the deductible also benefit because it offers access to a tax-advantaged Health Savings Account. The flipside of HDHPs is first dollar coverage plans. These plans have no deductible, but you'll pay a much higher premium, and the plan may put strict limits on the total value of coverage. These plans fully cover routine preventive care without copays or coinsurance before the deductible kicks in for the following list (which is not exhaustive): Blood pressure screeningDepression screeningDiet and nutritional counselingHIV screeningImmunizations for diseases, such as chickenpox, the flu, and the measles HDHP coverage comes with an annual catastrophic limit on out-of-pocket expenses for covered services from in-network providers. For example, plans set a minimum deductible of $1,400 and $2,800 for individuals and families, respectively (rising to $1,500 and $3,000 respectively for 2023). The maximum deductible for 2022 is $7,050 for an individual and $14,100 for a family (rising to $7,500 and $15,000 for 2023). When you reach this limit, your plan pays 100% of your expenses for in-network care. If you're interested in taking this route, it's important to understand how HDHPs work and how having one will change how you pay for health care. HDHPs became more common when HSA-establishing legislation was signed into law in 2003. Special Considerations One of the perks of an HDHP is being able to open a health savings account (HSA), which is a tax-advantaged savings account. In fact, HSAs are exclusively available to people covered by an HDHP. And you can't have any other type of health insurance to qualify for one. Regular contributions to the account are made by the insured individual or their employer. These funds are not subject to federal income taxes at the time of the deposit or withdrawal. The idea is to use them for qualified medical expenses that HDHPs don’t cover, including: AcupunctureDeductiblesDental servicesVision carePrescription drugsCopaysPsychiatric treatmentsOther qualified expenses not covered by a health insurance plan An HSA can cut costs if you face high deductibles. As long as withdrawals from an HSA are used to pay for qualified medical expenses that are not covered under the HDHP, the amount withdrawn will not be taxed. Unlike a flexible spending account (FSA), contributions made to an HSA do not have to be spent or withdrawn during the tax year they were deposited. Any unused contributions can be rolled over—indefinitely. For wealthy families who can afford to self-insure, an HDHP allows access to HSA tax-advantaged savings that they can use in retirement when the early withdrawal penalty for nonqualified expenses no longer applies. Withdrawals for nonqualified expenses are subject to income tax and a 20% early withdrawal penalty if you're under the age of 65. Advantages and Disadvantages of an HDHP The high cost associated with HDHPs comes with certain benefits and drawbacks. We've listed some of the most common ones below. Advantages As noted above, insured individuals with an HDHP end up paying lower monthly premiums. This can save you money if you know that you're only going to use the plan for preventive care rather than more complicated procedures. Make sure you stay within your network in order to reap the benefits, otherwise you'll incur extra costs. Covered individuals are allowed to use an HSA in conjunction with an HDHP. Remember that HSAs are tax-advantaged accounts, which can be used to pay for qualified medical expenses that your plan may not pay for, such as acupuncture and dental expenses. The money that you deposit into your HSA is tax-free and can help cut the cost of your high deductible. Disadvantages The main and obvious disadvantage is the high cost associated with these plans. Higher deductibles mean that you have to pay more out of your own pocket for your medical and health care before the plan actually starts to pay for you. This can put a dent in your pocket, especially if you have unexpected health issues with which you have to deal. You have a high deductible with a plan like this, hence the name. The deductible is the portion of the plan that you're responsible for before your insurer steps in to cover your expenses. Keep in mind, though, that your preventive care is completely covered, which means that you'll have to pay for covered costs on your own. Pros Lower monthly premiums Works with a health-savings account, which is tax-free and covers qualified medical expenses Cons Higher out-of-pocket costs Higher deductibles Example of an HDHP As noted above, high-deductible health plans are suitable for people who are fairly healthy and don't need to pay for complicated medical procedures. They are suited for people who generally only require preventive care. For instance, a 30-year-old without any underlying conditions and other health problems may be considered a good candidate for an HDHP. This person may only require certain preventive procedures such as flu shots, nutritional counseling, or health screenings. They would not be responsible for any copays or coinsurance either. But they may need to save up, in case there is an unexpected medical emergency, as their plan wouldn't cover this expense until they reach their deductible. What Qualifies as a High-Deductible Health Plan for an HSA? You can combine your HDHP with an HSA, which is a tax-advantage health care plan. In order to qualify for an HSA, you must be enrolled in an HDHP and not have any other type of health insurance. How Much Does a High-Deductible Health Plan Cost? In order to qualify as such, an HDHP must have a minimum deductible in 2022 of $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for family coverage (rising to $1,500 and $3,000 in 2023). The maximum amount of money insured individuals must spend is $7,050 per individual and $14,100 for families in 2022 (rising to $7,500 and $15,000 in 2023). Insured individuals are also responsible for monthly premiums, which vary based on the insurer. What Does a High-Deductible Health Plan Cover? Medical expenses covered under an HDHP include preventive care, such as blood pressure screening, depression screening, diet and nutritional counseling, HIV screening, and immunizations for diseases like chickenpox, the flu, and measles. Insured individuals are not responsible for copays or coinsurance associated with any of these procedures. Non-qualified medical expenses aren't covered, such as acupuncture, dental, and vision care. Keep in mind you're allowed to establish and use an HSA in conjunction with an HDHP, which can be used to pay for qualified medical and dental expenses to help you reach your deductible. The list of qualified expenses was expanded as part of the CARES Act enacted by Congress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using HSA funds to pay for non-qualified medical expenses will incur income taxes and possibly a 20% penalty depending on your age. Who Offers High-Deductible Health Plans? You can get coverage under an HDHP through your employer. These plans are also available through government health care exchanges. The Bottom Line It's important to choose the right health care plan—one that fits your medical and financial needs. Some plans make you pay more out of pocket, including copays and coinsurance, but start kicking in after you reach a low deductible. But others come with higher deductibles which are offset by lower monthly premiums. These high-deductible health plans are suited for those who are healthy. can afford to pay more out-of-pocket, and only need preventive care. Although the low upfront cost of these plans may be attractive, it's important to weigh out any other factors, like your medical history and the overall affordability before you sign up.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/position.asp
Position Definition—Short and Long Positions in Financial Markets
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-position"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Position? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A position is the amount of a security, asset, or property that is owned (or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortsale.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">sold short</a>) by some individual or other entity. A trader or investor takes a position when they make a purchase through a buy order, signaling <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bull.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">bullish</a> intent; or if they sell short securities with bearish intent. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Opening a new position is ultimately followed at some point in the future by exiting or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closeposition.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">closing the position</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A position is established when a trader or investor executes a trade that does not offset an existing position.</li><li>Open positions can be either long, short, or neutral in response to the direction of its price.</li><li>Positions can be closed for either a profit or loss by taking the opposite position; for instance, selling shares that were purchased to open a long position.</li><li>Positions may be closed voluntarily or involuntarily—as in the case of a forced liquidation or a bond that has reached maturity.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-positions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Positions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Positions come in two main types. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long.asp">Long positions</a> are most common and involve owning a security or contract. Long positions gain when there is an increase in price and lose when there is a decrease. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/short.asp">Short positions</a>, in contrast, profit when the underlying security falls in price. A short often involves securities that are borrowed and then sold, to be bought back hopefully at a lower price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Depending on market trends, movements, and fluctuations, a position can be profitable or unprofitable. Restating the value of an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/open-position.asp">open position</a> to reflect its actual current value is referred to in the industry as “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marktomarket.asp">mark-to-market</a>.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> A third type of position is called <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/neutral.asp">neutral</a> (or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deltaneutral.asp">delta neutral</a>). Such a position does not change much in value if the price of the underlying instrument rises or falls. Instead, neutral positions experience profit or loss based on other factors such as changes in interest rates, volatility, or exchange rates. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Long-short <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-neutral-fund.asp">market-neutral hedge funds</a> make use of these positions, and they often use as their benchmark the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-freerate.asp">risk-free rate</a> of return because they do not worry about the direction of the market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-different-scenarios-for-positions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Different Scenarios for Positions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> The term "position" can be used in several situations, as illustrated by the following examples: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dealer.asp">Dealers</a> will often maintain a cache of long positions in particular <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/security.asp">securities</a> in order to facilitate quick trading.</li> <li>A trader closes a position, resulting in a net profit of 10%.</li> <li>An <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/import.asp">importer</a> of olive oil has a natural short position in euros, as euros are constantly flowing in and out of its hands.</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Positions can be either <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculation.asp">speculative</a>, risk-reducing, or the natural consequence of a particular business. For instance, a currency speculator can buy <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gbp.asp">British pounds sterling</a> on the assumption that they will appreciate in value, and that is considered a speculative position. However, a U.S. business that trades with the United Kingdom may be paid in pounds sterling, giving it a natural long forex position on pounds sterling. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> The currency speculator will hold the speculative position until they decide to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidate.asp">liquidate</a> it, securing a profit or limiting a loss. However, the business which trades with the United Kingdom cannot simply abandon its natural position in pounds sterling in the same way. In order to insulate itself from currency fluctuations, the business may filter its income through an offsetting position, called a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp">hedge</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-open-positions-and-risk"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Open Positions and Risk </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> An open position represents <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketexposure.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">market exposure</a> for the investor. The risk exists until the position closes. Open positions can be held from minutes to years depending on the style and objective of the investor or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">trader</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Of course, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">portfolios</a> are composed of many open positions. The amount of risk entailed with an open position depends on the size of the position relative to the account size and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/holdingperiod.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">holding period</a>. Generally speaking, long holding periods are riskier because there is more exposure to unexpected market events. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> The only way to eliminate exposure is to close out or hedge against the open positions. Notably, closing a short position requires buying back the shares, while closing long positions entails selling the long position. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Note that when using options contracts, you can take a long position in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/put.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">put</a>, but which gives you short exposure to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underlying-security.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">underlying security</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-closing-positions-and-pl"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Closing Positions and P&amp;L </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> In order to get out of an open position, it needs to be closed. A long will <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/selltoclose.asp">sell to close</a>; a short will <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buytoclose.asp">buy to close</a>. Closing a position thus involves the opposite action that opened the position in the first place. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> The difference between the price at which the position in a security was opened and the price at which it was closed represents the gross profit or loss (P&amp;L) on that position. Positions can be closed for any number of reasons—to voluntarily take profits or stem losses, reduce exposure, generate cash, etc. An investor who wants to offset a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital_gains_tax.asp">capital gains tax</a> liability, for example, will close a position on a losing security in order to realize or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxgainlossharvesting.asp">harvest a loss</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> Positions may also be closed involuntarily by one's broker or clearing firm; for instance, in the case of liquidating a short position if a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortsqueeze.asp">squeeze</a> generates a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/margincall.asp">margin call</a> that cannot be satisfied. This is known as forced liquidation. It also may be unnecessary for the investor to initiate closing positions for securities that have finite maturity or expiration dates, such as bonds and options contracts. In such cases, the closing position is automatically generated upon maturity of the bond or expiry of the option. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> The time period between the opening and closing of a position in a security indicates the holding period for the security. This holding period may vary widely, depending on the investor's preference and the type of security. For example, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/daytrader.asp">day traders</a> generally close out trading positions on the same day that they were opened, while a long-term investor may close out a long position in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bluechipstock.asp">blue-chip stock</a> many years after the position was first opened. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-spot-vs-futures-positions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Spot vs. Futures Positions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> A direct position in an asset that is designed to be delivered immediately is known as a “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spotmarket.asp">spot</a>" or cash position. Spots can be delivered literally the next day, the next business day, or sometimes after two business days if the security in question calls for it. On the transaction date, the price is set but it generally will not settle at a fixed price, given market fluctuations. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> Transactions that are not spot may be referred to as “<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futures.asp">futures</a>” or “forward positions,” and while the price is still set on the transaction date, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/settlementdate.asp">settlement date</a> when the transaction is completed and the security delivered can occur in the future. These are indirect positions since they do not involve outright positions in the actual underlying. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-a-long-and-a-short-position"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Difference Between a Long and a Short Position?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Investors have a long position when they own a security and keep it expecting that the stock will rise in value in the future. A short position, on the contrary, refers to the technique of selling a security with plans to buy it later, expecting that the price will fall in the short term.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-full-position"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Full Position?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A full position refers to the full size of the investment an investor aims to have in a security. As it depends on personal goals, it varies by investor.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-holdings-and-positions"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Difference Between Holdings and Positions?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Holdings refer to a collection of assets an investor owns or holds in their portfolio, usually for the long term. The purpose of holdings is portfolio diversification and long-term growth.<br/>Positions refer to the ownership of a security at a given time, so when an investor takes a position, it means they make a purchase or they sell. Positions are usually short-term and their purpose is to capitalise on market movements.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> A position refers to the amount of a particular security, commodity, or currency held or owned by a person or entity. An open position is a trade movement that can earn a profit or incur a loss. When a position is closed, it means that the trade is no longer active and all profits or losses are realized. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> Open <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/052815/what-does-it-mean-be-long-or-short-derivative.asp">positions can be long or short</a>. Long positions involve owning a security before being sold; they profit when there is an increase in price. Short positions involve borrowing a security before being sold, to be bought back at a lower price: they profit when the security falls in price. </p></div>
## What Is a Position? A position is the amount of a security, asset, or property that is owned (or [sold short](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortsale.asp)) by some individual or other entity. A trader or investor takes a position when they make a purchase through a buy order, signaling [bullish](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bull.asp) intent; or if they sell short securities with bearish intent. Opening a new position is ultimately followed at some point in the future by exiting or [closing the position](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closeposition.asp). ### Key Takeaways * A position is established when a trader or investor executes a trade that does not offset an existing position. * Open positions can be either long, short, or neutral in response to the direction of its price. * Positions can be closed for either a profit or loss by taking the opposite position; for instance, selling shares that were purchased to open a long position. * Positions may be closed voluntarily or involuntarily—as in the case of a forced liquidation or a bond that has reached maturity. ## Understanding Positions Positions come in two main types. [Long positions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long.asp) are most common and involve owning a security or contract. Long positions gain when there is an increase in price and lose when there is a decrease. [Short positions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/short.asp), in contrast, profit when the underlying security falls in price. A short often involves securities that are borrowed and then sold, to be bought back hopefully at a lower price. Depending on market trends, movements, and fluctuations, a position can be profitable or unprofitable. Restating the value of an [open position](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/open-position.asp) to reflect its actual current value is referred to in the industry as “[mark-to-market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marktomarket.asp).” A third type of position is called [neutral](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/neutral.asp) (or [delta neutral](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deltaneutral.asp)). Such a position does not change much in value if the price of the underlying instrument rises or falls. Instead, neutral positions experience profit or loss based on other factors such as changes in interest rates, volatility, or exchange rates. Long-short [market-neutral hedge funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-neutral-fund.asp) make use of these positions, and they often use as their benchmark the [risk-free rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-freerate.asp) of return because they do not worry about the direction of the market. ## Different Scenarios for Positions The term "position" can be used in several situations, as illustrated by the following examples: 1. [Dealers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dealer.asp) will often maintain a cache of long positions in particular [securities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/security.asp) in order to facilitate quick trading. 2. A trader closes a position, resulting in a net profit of 10%. 3. An [importer](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/import.asp) of olive oil has a natural short position in euros, as euros are constantly flowing in and out of its hands. Positions can be either [speculative](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculation.asp), risk-reducing, or the natural consequence of a particular business. For instance, a currency speculator can buy [British pounds sterling](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gbp.asp) on the assumption that they will appreciate in value, and that is considered a speculative position. However, a U.S. business that trades with the United Kingdom may be paid in pounds sterling, giving it a natural long forex position on pounds sterling. The currency speculator will hold the speculative position until they decide to [liquidate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidate.asp) it, securing a profit or limiting a loss. However, the business which trades with the United Kingdom cannot simply abandon its natural position in pounds sterling in the same way. In order to insulate itself from currency fluctuations, the business may filter its income through an offsetting position, called a [hedge](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp). ## Open Positions and Risk An open position represents [market exposure](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketexposure.asp) for the investor. The risk exists until the position closes. Open positions can be held from minutes to years depending on the style and objective of the investor or [trader](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp). Of course, [portfolios](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp) are composed of many open positions. The amount of risk entailed with an open position depends on the size of the position relative to the account size and the [holding period](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/holdingperiod.asp). Generally speaking, long holding periods are riskier because there is more exposure to unexpected market events. The only way to eliminate exposure is to close out or hedge against the open positions. Notably, closing a short position requires buying back the shares, while closing long positions entails selling the long position. ### Note that when using options contracts, you can take a long position in a [put](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/put.asp), but which gives you short exposure to the [underlying security](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underlying-security.asp). ## Closing Positions and P&L In order to get out of an open position, it needs to be closed. A long will [sell to close](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/selltoclose.asp); a short will [buy to close](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buytoclose.asp). Closing a position thus involves the opposite action that opened the position in the first place. The difference between the price at which the position in a security was opened and the price at which it was closed represents the gross profit or loss (P&L) on that position. Positions can be closed for any number of reasons—to voluntarily take profits or stem losses, reduce exposure, generate cash, etc. An investor who wants to offset a [capital gains tax](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital_gains_tax.asp) liability, for example, will close a position on a losing security in order to realize or [harvest a loss](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxgainlossharvesting.asp). Positions may also be closed involuntarily by one's broker or clearing firm; for instance, in the case of liquidating a short position if a [squeeze](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortsqueeze.asp) generates a [margin call](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/margincall.asp) that cannot be satisfied. This is known as forced liquidation. It also may be unnecessary for the investor to initiate closing positions for securities that have finite maturity or expiration dates, such as bonds and options contracts. In such cases, the closing position is automatically generated upon maturity of the bond or expiry of the option. The time period between the opening and closing of a position in a security indicates the holding period for the security. This holding period may vary widely, depending on the investor's preference and the type of security. For example, [day traders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/daytrader.asp) generally close out trading positions on the same day that they were opened, while a long-term investor may close out a long position in a [blue-chip stock](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bluechipstock.asp) many years after the position was first opened. ## Spot vs. Futures Positions A direct position in an asset that is designed to be delivered immediately is known as a “[spot](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spotmarket.asp)" or cash position. Spots can be delivered literally the next day, the next business day, or sometimes after two business days if the security in question calls for it. On the transaction date, the price is set but it generally will not settle at a fixed price, given market fluctuations. Transactions that are not spot may be referred to as “[futures](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futures.asp)” or “forward positions,” and while the price is still set on the transaction date, the [settlement date](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/settlementdate.asp) when the transaction is completed and the security delivered can occur in the future. These are indirect positions since they do not involve outright positions in the actual underlying. ## What Is the Difference Between a Long and a Short Position? Investors have a long position when they own a security and keep it expecting that the stock will rise in value in the future. A short position, on the contrary, refers to the technique of selling a security with plans to buy it later, expecting that the price will fall in the short term. ## What Is a Full Position? A full position refers to the full size of the investment an investor aims to have in a security. As it depends on personal goals, it varies by investor. ## What Is the Difference Between Holdings and Positions? Holdings refer to a collection of assets an investor owns or holds in their portfolio, usually for the long term. The purpose of holdings is portfolio diversification and long-term growth. Positions refer to the ownership of a security at a given time, so when an investor takes a position, it means they make a purchase or they sell. Positions are usually short-term and their purpose is to capitalise on market movements. ## The Bottom Line A position refers to the amount of a particular security, commodity, or currency held or owned by a person or entity. An open position is a trade movement that can earn a profit or incur a loss. When a position is closed, it means that the trade is no longer active and all profits or losses are realized. Open [positions can be long or short](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/052815/what-does-it-mean-be-long-or-short-derivative.asp). Long positions involve owning a security before being sold; they profit when there is an increase in price. Short positions involve borrowing a security before being sold, to be bought back at a lower price: they profit when the security falls in price.
What Is a Position? A position is the amount of a security, asset, or property that is owned (or sold short) by some individual or other entity. A trader or investor takes a position when they make a purchase through a buy order, signaling bullish intent; or if they sell short securities with bearish intent. Opening a new position is ultimately followed at some point in the future by exiting or closing the position. Key Takeaways A position is established when a trader or investor executes a trade that does not offset an existing position.Open positions can be either long, short, or neutral in response to the direction of its price.Positions can be closed for either a profit or loss by taking the opposite position; for instance, selling shares that were purchased to open a long position.Positions may be closed voluntarily or involuntarily—as in the case of a forced liquidation or a bond that has reached maturity. Understanding Positions Positions come in two main types. Long positions are most common and involve owning a security or contract. Long positions gain when there is an increase in price and lose when there is a decrease. Short positions, in contrast, profit when the underlying security falls in price. A short often involves securities that are borrowed and then sold, to be bought back hopefully at a lower price. Depending on market trends, movements, and fluctuations, a position can be profitable or unprofitable. Restating the value of an open position to reflect its actual current value is referred to in the industry as “mark-to-market.” A third type of position is called neutral (or delta neutral). Such a position does not change much in value if the price of the underlying instrument rises or falls. Instead, neutral positions experience profit or loss based on other factors such as changes in interest rates, volatility, or exchange rates. Long-short market-neutral hedge funds make use of these positions, and they often use as their benchmark the risk-free rate of return because they do not worry about the direction of the market. Different Scenarios for Positions The term "position" can be used in several situations, as illustrated by the following examples: Dealers will often maintain a cache of long positions in particular securities in order to facilitate quick trading. A trader closes a position, resulting in a net profit of 10%. An importer of olive oil has a natural short position in euros, as euros are constantly flowing in and out of its hands. Positions can be either speculative, risk-reducing, or the natural consequence of a particular business. For instance, a currency speculator can buy British pounds sterling on the assumption that they will appreciate in value, and that is considered a speculative position. However, a U.S. business that trades with the United Kingdom may be paid in pounds sterling, giving it a natural long forex position on pounds sterling. The currency speculator will hold the speculative position until they decide to liquidate it, securing a profit or limiting a loss. However, the business which trades with the United Kingdom cannot simply abandon its natural position in pounds sterling in the same way. In order to insulate itself from currency fluctuations, the business may filter its income through an offsetting position, called a hedge. Open Positions and Risk An open position represents market exposure for the investor. The risk exists until the position closes. Open positions can be held from minutes to years depending on the style and objective of the investor or trader. Of course, portfolios are composed of many open positions. The amount of risk entailed with an open position depends on the size of the position relative to the account size and the holding period. Generally speaking, long holding periods are riskier because there is more exposure to unexpected market events. The only way to eliminate exposure is to close out or hedge against the open positions. Notably, closing a short position requires buying back the shares, while closing long positions entails selling the long position. Note that when using options contracts, you can take a long position in a put, but which gives you short exposure to the underlying security. Closing Positions and P&L In order to get out of an open position, it needs to be closed. A long will sell to close; a short will buy to close. Closing a position thus involves the opposite action that opened the position in the first place. The difference between the price at which the position in a security was opened and the price at which it was closed represents the gross profit or loss (P&L) on that position. Positions can be closed for any number of reasons—to voluntarily take profits or stem losses, reduce exposure, generate cash, etc. An investor who wants to offset a capital gains tax liability, for example, will close a position on a losing security in order to realize or harvest a loss. Positions may also be closed involuntarily by one's broker or clearing firm; for instance, in the case of liquidating a short position if a squeeze generates a margin call that cannot be satisfied. This is known as forced liquidation. It also may be unnecessary for the investor to initiate closing positions for securities that have finite maturity or expiration dates, such as bonds and options contracts. In such cases, the closing position is automatically generated upon maturity of the bond or expiry of the option. The time period between the opening and closing of a position in a security indicates the holding period for the security. This holding period may vary widely, depending on the investor's preference and the type of security. For example, day traders generally close out trading positions on the same day that they were opened, while a long-term investor may close out a long position in a blue-chip stock many years after the position was first opened. Spot vs. Futures Positions A direct position in an asset that is designed to be delivered immediately is known as a “spot" or cash position. Spots can be delivered literally the next day, the next business day, or sometimes after two business days if the security in question calls for it. On the transaction date, the price is set but it generally will not settle at a fixed price, given market fluctuations. Transactions that are not spot may be referred to as “futures” or “forward positions,” and while the price is still set on the transaction date, the settlement date when the transaction is completed and the security delivered can occur in the future. These are indirect positions since they do not involve outright positions in the actual underlying. What Is the Difference Between a Long and a Short Position? Investors have a long position when they own a security and keep it expecting that the stock will rise in value in the future. A short position, on the contrary, refers to the technique of selling a security with plans to buy it later, expecting that the price will fall in the short term. What Is a Full Position? A full position refers to the full size of the investment an investor aims to have in a security. As it depends on personal goals, it varies by investor. What Is the Difference Between Holdings and Positions? Holdings refer to a collection of assets an investor owns or holds in their portfolio, usually for the long term. The purpose of holdings is portfolio diversification and long-term growth.Positions refer to the ownership of a security at a given time, so when an investor takes a position, it means they make a purchase or they sell. Positions are usually short-term and their purpose is to capitalise on market movements. The Bottom Line A position refers to the amount of a particular security, commodity, or currency held or owned by a person or entity. An open position is a trade movement that can earn a profit or incur a loss. When a position is closed, it means that the trade is no longer active and all profits or losses are realized. Open positions can be long or short. Long positions involve owning a security before being sold; they profit when there is an increase in price. Short positions involve borrowing a security before being sold, to be bought back at a lower price: they profit when the security falls in price.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/052815/swiss-franc-good-investment.asp
Is The Swiss Franc A Good Investment?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> For security, individuals, large organizations, and even nations will keep some of their surplus reserves in gold and foreign currencies. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/u/usd-united-states-dollar.asp">U.S. dollar</a> remains the primary and most trusted reserve currency, but the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chf.asp">Swiss franc</a> has also emerged as one of the best alternatives. This article explores why the Swiss franc is a good investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-high-security-low-risk-and-protection-from-inflation"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> High Security, Low Risk, and Protection From Inflation </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Worldwide, investors look for better returns and security for their invested capital. While bonds are secure, they tend to provide lower returns. Stocks and other financial instruments offer higher returns but they come with greater risks. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp">Inflation</a> is another factor that lowers <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp">returns</a>. Investors look for assets that provide a balance—protection from inflation, security from risk and potential for returns. Gold and the U.S. dollar have been traditional assets, but the Swiss franc has also emerged as a potential investment option because it qualifies on all three parameters. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-development-of-the-swiss-franc-as-a-safe-investment"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Development of the Swiss Franc as a Safe Investment </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> The following events supported the Swiss franc’s status as a safe and robust investment vehicle: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <li>Russia earns billions by selling oil and gas. So far, it has been keeping it securely in U.S. dollars, U.S. securities, and gold. However, sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union on Russia caused the country to seek alternatives to U.S. dollars and securities. The decline in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/r/rub-russian-ruble.asp">Russian ruble</a> has also driven Russian investors and businesses to search for safe currencies, and many chose the Swiss franc as a safe haven. </li> <li>The multi-nation European debt crisis of 2009 to 2013 saw substantial fund flow from the affected European nations to Switzerland. Countries were basically aiming to secure their currency (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/euro.asp">euro</a>) to the Swiss franc.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li> <li>The global financial crisis of 2008, originating in the United States, also saw the transfer of funds from U.S. currency and securities to Swiss assets.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-is-the-swiss-franc-a-safe-investment"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why Is the Swiss Franc a Safe Investment? </span> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <li><strong>The geopolitical and economic ecosystem:</strong> Switzerland has a strong economic system that is comfortable with a limited yet realistic growth rate with controlled requirements. The advantage for Switzerland lies in its size. It is a small country with a limited population. In addition, appropriate exploitation of available natural resources and limited investments in production and agriculture required to support stable ongoing economic growth are the key factors of a stable Swiss economy and Swiss franc. Switzerland is the sixth-largest creditor to the United States as of December 2021, which is evidence of its stable financial position.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></li> <li><strong>No deficit</strong>: Switzerland’s income exceeds its expenses, so there is no deficit. This makes it self-reliant and stabilizes its currency. Also, the economy has no plans for any large investments. </li> <li><strong>An alternative to gold:</strong> Inflation is a key reason investors choose gold. Gold is used as a  reserve across the globe by various nations because it is perceived to be a <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation-hedge.asp">good hedge for inflation</a>. A quick check on historical inflation in Switzerland indicates relative stability, which has led to huge investments in the Swiss franc.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <em>Graph Courtesy: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://tradingeconomics.com/switzerland/inflation-cpi">Tradingeconomics.com</a></em> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:46.5%;"> <img class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/366FjtvqPPnu2SanJBYWnfENdaA=/730x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/switzerlandinflationcpi_2-5bfd916446e0fb0051fed3c8" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Tl9TQG19BkLl1o10eO-e65wxWTA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/switzerlandinflationcpi_2-5bfd916446e0fb0051fed3c8" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/YxAQgDy47NrnTZw84i18iJFoGsQ=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/switzerlandinflationcpi_2-5bfd916446e0fb0051fed3c8 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="340" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="730"/> <noscript> <img class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="340" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Tl9TQG19BkLl1o10eO-e65wxWTA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/switzerlandinflationcpi_2-5bfd916446e0fb0051fed3c8" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/YxAQgDy47NrnTZw84i18iJFoGsQ=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/switzerlandinflationcpi_2-5bfd916446e0fb0051fed3c8 750w" width="730"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <li><strong>Independent Monetary Policy:</strong> The Swiss franc is not backed by gold. The Swiss National Bank (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swiss-national-bank.asp">SNB</a>) can print any amount of currency without any need for a reserve. Effectively, it is a form of quantitative easing (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp">QE</a>), which enables a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/centralbank.asp">central bank</a> to independently control the currency rate. For instance, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/european-sovereign-debt-crisis.asp">European debt crisis</a> led to a high demand for Swiss francs from the eurozone countries, which sent the Swiss franc valuation to higher limits. It made Swiss exports costly, and the franc's high valuation posed a danger to the Swiss economy. The Swiss National Bank pegged the rate of the Swiss franc to 1.2 euros and mitigated the effects of high demand for Swiss francs. In doing so, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2011/09/10/francs-for-nothing">the Swiss National Bank declared</a>, “The current massive overvaluation of the Swiss franc poses an acute threat to the Swiss economy and carries the risk of a deflationary development.”<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Banks like UBS imposed a fee for large institutional investors who maintained a large amount of deposits in their accounts. These measures discouraged the rampant buying of Swiss francs and stabilized the Swiss economy. However, since the euro was pegged to franc at a fixed rate, its decline against other currencies in 2014 led to the depreciation of the Swiss franc. Again, a timely reverse action by the Swiss National Bank on January 15, 2015, to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlespurdy/2015/01/16/the-swiss-euro-peg-abolishment-and-its-consequences/">remove the fixed price peg against the euro</a> ensured that Swiss franc retained its stability.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li><strong>Small Debt Market: </strong>The small size of the Swiss debt market adds to its economic advantage. If a large economy, such as Russia or Germany, placed its huge reserves in Swiss debt, it could effectively take control of Swiss debt. Due to the small market and no requirement for foreign funds by Switzerland, because it has no deficit, such buy-ins are impossible. This shields the Swiss economy and helps keep the Swiss franc valuation stable.</li> <li><strong>Other factors:</strong> With strong GDP, no budget deficit, low unemployment, significant economic contribution by the financial services sector, high per capita income and as a destination for funds through secret bank accounts, the Swiss franc remains safe investment.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> The Swiss franc has been popular among investors looking for a safe haven for their money. It is apparent that the Swiss economy is unlikely to move from its low-debt, low-growth ideology and will continue to remain a major banking destination. The fundamentals back the Swiss franc as a safe and stable investment for years to come. </p></div>
For security, individuals, large organizations, and even nations will keep some of their surplus reserves in gold and foreign currencies. The [U.S. dollar](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/u/usd-united-states-dollar.asp) remains the primary and most trusted reserve currency, but the [Swiss franc](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chf.asp) has also emerged as one of the best alternatives. This article explores why the Swiss franc is a good investment. ## High Security, Low Risk, and Protection From Inflation Worldwide, investors look for better returns and security for their invested capital. While bonds are secure, they tend to provide lower returns. Stocks and other financial instruments offer higher returns but they come with greater risks. [Inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp) is another factor that lowers [returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp). Investors look for assets that provide a balance—protection from inflation, security from risk and potential for returns. Gold and the U.S. dollar have been traditional assets, but the Swiss franc has also emerged as a potential investment option because it qualifies on all three parameters. ## The Development of the Swiss Franc as a Safe Investment The following events supported the Swiss franc’s status as a safe and robust investment vehicle: * Russia earns billions by selling oil and gas. So far, it has been keeping it securely in U.S. dollars, U.S. securities, and gold. However, sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union on Russia caused the country to seek alternatives to U.S. dollars and securities. The decline in the [Russian ruble](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/r/rub-russian-ruble.asp) has also driven Russian investors and businesses to search for safe currencies, and many chose the Swiss franc as a safe haven. * The multi-nation European debt crisis of 2009 to 2013 saw substantial fund flow from the affected European nations to Switzerland. Countries were basically aiming to secure their currency ([euro](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/euro.asp)) to the Swiss franc. * The global financial crisis of 2008, originating in the United States, also saw the transfer of funds from U.S. currency and securities to Swiss assets. ## Why Is the Swiss Franc a Safe Investment? * **The geopolitical and economic ecosystem:** Switzerland has a strong economic system that is comfortable with a limited yet realistic growth rate with controlled requirements. The advantage for Switzerland lies in its size. It is a small country with a limited population. In addition, appropriate exploitation of available natural resources and limited investments in production and agriculture required to support stable ongoing economic growth are the key factors of a stable Swiss economy and Swiss franc. Switzerland is the sixth-largest creditor to the United States as of December 2021, which is evidence of its stable financial position. * **No deficit**: Switzerland’s income exceeds its expenses, so there is no deficit. This makes it self-reliant and stabilizes its currency. Also, the economy has no plans for any large investments. * **An alternative to gold:** Inflation is a key reason investors choose gold. Gold is used as a  reserve across the globe by various nations because it is perceived to be a [good hedge for inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation-hedge.asp). A quick check on historical inflation in Switzerland indicates relative stability, which has led to huge investments in the Swiss franc. *Graph Courtesy: [Tradingeconomics.com](https://tradingeconomics.com/switzerland/inflation-cpi)* ![]() ![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Tl9TQG19BkLl1o10eO-e65wxWTA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/switzerlandinflationcpi_2-5bfd916446e0fb0051fed3c8) * **Independent Monetary Policy:** The Swiss franc is not backed by gold. The Swiss National Bank ([SNB](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swiss-national-bank.asp)) can print any amount of currency without any need for a reserve. Effectively, it is a form of quantitative easing ([QE](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp)), which enables a [central bank](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/centralbank.asp) to independently control the currency rate. For instance, the [European debt crisis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/european-sovereign-debt-crisis.asp) led to a high demand for Swiss francs from the eurozone countries, which sent the Swiss franc valuation to higher limits. It made Swiss exports costly, and the franc's high valuation posed a danger to the Swiss economy. The Swiss National Bank pegged the rate of the Swiss franc to 1.2 euros and mitigated the effects of high demand for Swiss francs. In doing so, [the Swiss National Bank declared](https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2011/09/10/francs-for-nothing), “The current massive overvaluation of the Swiss franc poses an acute threat to the Swiss economy and carries the risk of a deflationary development.” Banks like UBS imposed a fee for large institutional investors who maintained a large amount of deposits in their accounts. These measures discouraged the rampant buying of Swiss francs and stabilized the Swiss economy. However, since the euro was pegged to franc at a fixed rate, its decline against other currencies in 2014 led to the depreciation of the Swiss franc. Again, a timely reverse action by the Swiss National Bank on January 15, 2015, to [remove the fixed price peg against the euro](https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlespurdy/2015/01/16/the-swiss-euro-peg-abolishment-and-its-consequences/) ensured that Swiss franc retained its stability. * **Small Debt Market:** The small size of the Swiss debt market adds to its economic advantage. If a large economy, such as Russia or Germany, placed its huge reserves in Swiss debt, it could effectively take control of Swiss debt. Due to the small market and no requirement for foreign funds by Switzerland, because it has no deficit, such buy-ins are impossible. This shields the Swiss economy and helps keep the Swiss franc valuation stable. * **Other factors:** With strong GDP, no budget deficit, low unemployment, significant economic contribution by the financial services sector, high per capita income and as a destination for funds through secret bank accounts, the Swiss franc remains safe investment. ## The Bottom Line The Swiss franc has been popular among investors looking for a safe haven for their money. It is apparent that the Swiss economy is unlikely to move from its low-debt, low-growth ideology and will continue to remain a major banking destination. The fundamentals back the Swiss franc as a safe and stable investment for years to come.
For security, individuals, large organizations, and even nations will keep some of their surplus reserves in gold and foreign currencies. The U.S. dollar remains the primary and most trusted reserve currency, but the Swiss franc has also emerged as one of the best alternatives. This article explores why the Swiss franc is a good investment. High Security, Low Risk, and Protection From Inflation Worldwide, investors look for better returns and security for their invested capital. While bonds are secure, they tend to provide lower returns. Stocks and other financial instruments offer higher returns but they come with greater risks. Inflation is another factor that lowers returns. Investors look for assets that provide a balance—protection from inflation, security from risk and potential for returns. Gold and the U.S. dollar have been traditional assets, but the Swiss franc has also emerged as a potential investment option because it qualifies on all three parameters. The Development of the Swiss Franc as a Safe Investment The following events supported the Swiss franc’s status as a safe and robust investment vehicle: Russia earns billions by selling oil and gas. So far, it has been keeping it securely in U.S. dollars, U.S. securities, and gold. However, sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union on Russia caused the country to seek alternatives to U.S. dollars and securities. The decline in the Russian ruble has also driven Russian investors and businesses to search for safe currencies, and many chose the Swiss franc as a safe haven.  The multi-nation European debt crisis of 2009 to 2013 saw substantial fund flow from the affected European nations to Switzerland. Countries were basically aiming to secure their currency (euro) to the Swiss franc. The global financial crisis of 2008, originating in the United States, also saw the transfer of funds from U.S. currency and securities to Swiss assets. Why Is the Swiss Franc a Safe Investment? The geopolitical and economic ecosystem: Switzerland has a strong economic system that is comfortable with a limited yet realistic growth rate with controlled requirements. The advantage for Switzerland lies in its size. It is a small country with a limited population. In addition, appropriate exploitation of available natural resources and limited investments in production and agriculture required to support stable ongoing economic growth are the key factors of a stable Swiss economy and Swiss franc. Switzerland is the sixth-largest creditor to the United States as of December 2021, which is evidence of its stable financial position. No deficit: Switzerland’s income exceeds its expenses, so there is no deficit. This makes it self-reliant and stabilizes its currency. Also, the economy has no plans for any large investments.  An alternative to gold: Inflation is a key reason investors choose gold. Gold is used as a  reserve across the globe by various nations because it is perceived to be a good hedge for inflation. A quick check on historical inflation in Switzerland indicates relative stability, which has led to huge investments in the Swiss franc. Graph Courtesy: Tradingeconomics.com Independent Monetary Policy: The Swiss franc is not backed by gold. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) can print any amount of currency without any need for a reserve. Effectively, it is a form of quantitative easing (QE), which enables a central bank to independently control the currency rate. For instance, the European debt crisis led to a high demand for Swiss francs from the eurozone countries, which sent the Swiss franc valuation to higher limits. It made Swiss exports costly, and the franc's high valuation posed a danger to the Swiss economy. The Swiss National Bank pegged the rate of the Swiss franc to 1.2 euros and mitigated the effects of high demand for Swiss francs. In doing so, the Swiss National Bank declared, “The current massive overvaluation of the Swiss franc poses an acute threat to the Swiss economy and carries the risk of a deflationary development.” Banks like UBS imposed a fee for large institutional investors who maintained a large amount of deposits in their accounts. These measures discouraged the rampant buying of Swiss francs and stabilized the Swiss economy. However, since the euro was pegged to franc at a fixed rate, its decline against other currencies in 2014 led to the depreciation of the Swiss franc. Again, a timely reverse action by the Swiss National Bank on January 15, 2015, to remove the fixed price peg against the euro ensured that Swiss franc retained its stability. Small Debt Market: The small size of the Swiss debt market adds to its economic advantage. If a large economy, such as Russia or Germany, placed its huge reserves in Swiss debt, it could effectively take control of Swiss debt. Due to the small market and no requirement for foreign funds by Switzerland, because it has no deficit, such buy-ins are impossible. This shields the Swiss economy and helps keep the Swiss franc valuation stable. Other factors: With strong GDP, no budget deficit, low unemployment, significant economic contribution by the financial services sector, high per capita income and as a destination for funds through secret bank accounts, the Swiss franc remains safe investment. The Bottom Line The Swiss franc has been popular among investors looking for a safe haven for their money. It is apparent that the Swiss economy is unlikely to move from its low-debt, low-growth ideology and will continue to remain a major banking destination. The fundamentals back the Swiss franc as a safe and stable investment for years to come.
[ [ "U.S. dollar", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/u/usd-united-states-dollar.asp" ], [ "Swiss franc", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chf.asp" ], [ "Inflation", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp" ], [ "returns", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp" ], [ "Russian ruble", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/r/rub-russian-ruble.asp" ], [ "euro", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/euro.asp" ], [ "good hedge for inflation", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation-hedge.asp" ], [ "Tradingeconomics.com", "https://tradingeconomics.com/switzerland/inflation-cpi" ], [ "SNB", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swiss-national-bank.asp" ], [ "QE", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp" ], [ "central bank", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/centralbank.asp" ], [ "European debt crisis", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/european-sovereign-debt-crisis.asp" ], [ "the Swiss National Bank declared", "https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2011/09/10/francs-for-nothing" ], [ "remove the fixed price peg against the euro", "https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlespurdy/2015/01/16/the-swiss-euro-peg-abolishment-and-its-consequences/" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/top-cds-today-april-22-2024-leading-5-60-rate-can-be-locked-for-1-year-8637249
Top CDs Today, April 22, 2024 - Leading 5.60% Rate Can Be Locked for 1 Year
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:76.1%;"> <img alt="Top nationally available rate in every CD term, ranging from 4.70% to 5.60%, current as of April 22, 2024. " class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/74MqDyq5iz15YRfdmcjuUpe5nfM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4-22v2-655292221ae644f6aac912102ef74cd5.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/74MqDyq5iz15YRfdmcjuUpe5nfM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4-22v2-655292221ae644f6aac912102ef74cd5.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TuOwDhV25KOa1CcEpzSwmCDK50o=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4-22v2-655292221ae644f6aac912102ef74cd5.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1888" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="2480"/> <noscript> <img alt="Top nationally available rate in every CD term, ranging from 4.70% to 5.60%, current as of April 22, 2024. " class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1888" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/74MqDyq5iz15YRfdmcjuUpe5nfM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4-22v2-655292221ae644f6aac912102ef74cd5.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TuOwDhV25KOa1CcEpzSwmCDK50o=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4-22v2-655292221ae644f6aac912102ef74cd5.png 750w" width="2480"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>After taking the national lead Friday, the top CD rate in the country held today at 5.60% APY. That's available from <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&amp;lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="nofollow">Northern Bank Direct</a> on a 12-month term.</li> <li>Runner-up <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.newtekbank.com/certificate-of-deposit/&amp;lender=Newtek%20Bank&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="nofollow">Newtek Bank</a> is paying 5.55% APY for a shorter 6 months.</li> <li>Interested in holding onto one of today's historically high rates for a longer term? You can lock in rates of 5.30% or better for up to 2 years, or 4.70% to 5.00% for 3 to 5 years.</li> <li>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214">best CD rates</a> have been gradually easing lower for months, in anticipation of future Fed rate cuts—something that's been expected to occur this year.</li> <li>But the most recent inflation report suggests it might be a while before the central bank feels comfortable lowering rates.</li> </ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Below you'll find featured rates available from our partners, followed by details from our ranking of the best CDs available nationwide. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block mntl-sc-block--ma-rate-table--finance-mma" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><span class="comp prm-external-component-tools mntl-external-component" id="prm-external-component-tools_1-0"><div class="comp ma-rate-table--finance-mma mntl-block" id="ma-rate-table--finance-mma_1-0"></div><!-- end: comp ma-rate-table--finance-mma mntl-block --> </span></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-lock-in-530-to-560-apy-for-3-to-23-months"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Lock In 5.30% to 5.60% APY for 3 to 23 Months </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The top rate you can earn with a nationally available CD climbed Friday to 5.60% APY and held firm today. The current leader stretches the amount of time you can earn the top rate, as Northern Bank Direct's CD has a 12-month term. The previous leading rate of 5.55% APY, still available from runner-up Newtek Bank, can only be locked in for 6months. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> For a slightly longer duration, you can earn up to 5.40%—thanks to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-18-month-cd-rates-5272348">leading 18-month rate</a> bumping up twice over the past week or so. In total, 13 CDs are paying 5.40% APY or better, with terms of 3 to 15 months. For a slightly longer term, though, you might like <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&amp;lender=Credit%20Human&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="nofollow">Credit Human's</a> offer of 5.30% on a take-your-pick term of 18-23 months.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3yq7K/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Ranges of the Top 15 CD rates by term"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-longer-terms-will-lock-your-rate-to-2027or-beyond"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Longer Terms Will Lock Your Rate to 2027—Or Beyond </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Choosing a CD term longer than two years is also a smart option, since it's possible U.S. interest rates could enter a declining period for the next 2-3 years. To lock in a rate that will last far into the future, you can choose a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-2-year-cd-rates-4801682">top 3-year CD</a> paying 5.00%, guaranteeing that return until 2027. Or you can opt to guarantee rates in the mid-to-high 4% range for as far as 4 or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-5-year-cd-rates-4801473">5 years</a> down the road. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>CD Terms</b></td> <td><b>Friday's Top National Rate</b></td> <td><b>Today's Top National Rate</b></td> <td><b>Day's Change </b>(percentage points)</td> <td><b>Top Rate Provider</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-3-month-cd-rates-5272288" rel="noopener noreferrer">3 months</a></td> <td>5.42% APY</td> <td>5.42% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.totaldirectbank.com/personal/cds&amp;lender=TotalDirectBank&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="nofollow">TotalDirectBank</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-6-month-cd-rates-4783267" rel="noopener noreferrer">6 months</a></td> <td>5.55% APY</td> <td>5.55% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.newtekbank.com/certificate-of-deposit/&amp;lender=Newtek%20Bank&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Newtek Bank</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-1-year-cd-rates-4796650" rel="noopener noreferrer">1 year</a></td> <td>5.60% APY</td> <td>5.60% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&amp;lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Northern Bank Direct</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-18-month-cd-rates-5272348" rel="noopener noreferrer">18 months</a></td> <td>5.40% APY</td> <td>5.40% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&amp;lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Northern Bank Direct</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.xcelfcu.org/Explore/Resources/Rates&amp;lender=XCEL%20Federal%20Credit%20Union&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="nofollow">2 years</a></td> <td>5.30% APY</td> <td>5.30% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&amp;lender=Credit%20Human&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Credit Human</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-3-year-cd-rates-4782938" rel="noopener noreferrer">3 years</a></td> <td>5.00% APY</td> <td>5.00% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.dollarsavingsdirect.com/securebanking/cdInfo.do&amp;lender=DollarSavingsDirect&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">DollarSavingsDirect</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-5-year-cd-rates-4801473" rel="noopener noreferrer">4 years</a></td> <td>4.70% APY</td> <td>4.70% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&amp;lender=Credit%20Human&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Credit Human</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.lfcu.org/rates/personal-certificate-rates/&amp;lender=Lafayette%20Federal%20Credit%20Union&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="nofollow">5 years</a></td> <td>4.70% APY</td> <td>4.70% APY</td> <td>No change</td> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sub_1=${REQUEST_ID}&amp;sub_2=${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&amp;lender=Credit%20Human&amp;type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Credit Human</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>To view the top 15–20 nationwide rates in any term, click on the desired term length in the left column above.</figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Today's high CD rates are a perfect antidote to stubborn inflation, with rates available in every CD term that far out-earn the current inflation rate of 3.5%. By putting money into one of these top-paying CDs today, you can stay<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-beat-todays-stubborn-inflation-with-a-top-paying-cd-8610878"> 1 to 2 percentage points ahead of inflation</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cd-rates-are-still-near-record-highs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> CD Rates Are Still Near Record Highs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp">Certificate of deposit (CD) rates</a> have inched lower since they climbed to a historic high of 6.50% in October. At the start of February, the number of CDs in our daily ranking that paid at least 5.50% APY was 30. Today that count sits at four. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> But don't lose sight of how high CD returns still are relative to the past 20 years. Locking in a yield in the 4% to 5% range for a year or more down the road is still a great earning opportunity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Also keep in mind that snagging the absolute <em>highest</em> APY isn't the only way to win with today's CDs. Since CD rates could fall quite substantially in 2024 and 2025, locking in a long-term rate now—before rates move lower—can be a smart move.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/vrhOk/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_2-0" title="Today's CD rates vs. Fall peak vs. Jan 2022"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-jumbo-deposits-can-provide-more-cd-options"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Jumbo Deposits Can Provide More CD Options </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> The top two jumbo CDs let you earn more than you can with a standard CD. State Bank of Texas is paying 5.50% APY on a 12-month certificate, while My eBanc offers 5.49% APY for 6 months. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Beware that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-cd-rates-4797766">the best jumbo CD rates</a> don't <em>always</em> pay more than standard certificates. Often, you can do just as well—or better—with a standard CD. That's the case right now in seven of the eight terms below, so it's always wise to shop both certificate types before making a final decision. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 92px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 138px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 159px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 140px;"></colgroup> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>CD Term</b></td> <td><b><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-bank-cd-rates-4801462" rel="noopener noreferrer">Today's Top National Bank Rate</a></b></td> <td><b><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" rel="noopener noreferrer">Today's Top National Credit Union Rate</a></b></td> <td><b><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-cd-rates-4797766" rel="noopener noreferrer">Today's Top National Jumbo Rate</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>3 months</td> <td>5.42% APY*</td> <td>5.30% APY</td> <td>5.20% APY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6 months</td> <td>5.55% APY*</td> <td>5.50% APY</td> <td>5.49% APY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1 year</td> <td>5.60% APY*</td> <td>5.40% APY</td> <td>5.50% APY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18 months</td> <td>5.40% APY</td> <td>5.30% APY</td> <td>5.41% APY*</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2 years</td> <td>4.90% APY</td> <td>5.30% APY*</td> <td>4.96% APY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3 years</td> <td>5.00% APY*</td> <td>5.00% APY*</td> <td>4.97% APY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4 years</td> <td>4.55% APY</td> <td>4.70% APY*</td> <td>4.48% APY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5 years</td> <td>4.55% APY</td> <td>4.70% APY*</td> <td>4.37% APY</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>*Indicates the highest APY offered in each term. To view our lists of the top-paying CDs across terms for bank, credit union, and jumbo certificates, click on the column headers above.</figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-where-are-cd-rates-headed-in-2024"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Where Are CD Rates Headed in 2024? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> To combat decades-high inflation, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp">Federal Reserve</a> aggressively hiked the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp">federal funds rate</a> between March 2022 and July 2023, raising the benchmark rate to its highest level in 22 years. That's important to savers because when the fed funds rate rises, banks and credit unions increase the interest rates they're willing to pay on customer deposits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> As a result, this past fall saw historically favorable conditions for CD shoppers, as well as for anyone holding cash in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633">high-yield savings</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917">money market account</a>. Rates on CDs rose to an October-November peak that was the highest we've seen in two decades. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/kU3pK/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_3-0" title="Top CD Rates Since December 2021"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> But since its last rate hike in July, the Fed has been in a holding pattern. On March 20, the central bank announced it would <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/federal-reserve-fomc-meeting-march-2024-8611723">maintain the fed fund rate at its current level</a>, the fifth meeting in a row it's done so.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="32"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> That's because <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp">inflation</a> has been cooling, allowing the Fed to stop raising interest rates. But further inflation progress has been elusive, putting the central bank in wait-and-see mode as it looks for evidence that inflation is falling enough to justify lowering the federal funds rate. Reiterating the Fed's recent meeting statement, Fed Chair Jerome Powell spoke last week about how the first rate cut could still be a ways off. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> "We do not expect that it will be appropriate to lower our policy rate until we have greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably down toward 2 percent. Given the strength of the economy and progress on inflation so far, we have time to let the incoming data guide our decisions on policy," Powell said in prepared remarks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="43"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> Unfortunately for those anxious for rate cuts, the April 10 <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/inflation-heated-up-in-march-8629363">release of new inflation data</a> did not help the outlook. The March Consumer Price Index came in at 3.5%, which is 0.3 percentage points higher than February and 0.4 higher than January.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="44"></span> In fact, it's the highest inflation reading since September, moving in the wrong direction to trigger Fed rate decreases. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> At its March 20 meeting, the median prediction from members of the Fed's rate-setting committee was for three rate reductions this year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="41"></span> But confidence in that prediction is waning as new data comes to light. According to the CME Group's FedWatch Tool, less than 20% of traders currently predict we'll see three cuts by the end of 2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="39"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> Still, it's a reasonable prediction that the Fed will find it appropriate to lower its benchmark rate sometime this year, if not three times. But Fed moves several months into the future are unpredictable, and until more data comes in, it's impossible to say if any 2024 rate cuts will come to fruition. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> As a result, CD rates could continue their current plateau. If at some point it becomes clear the Fed is ready to make a first rate cut, that would drive CD rates down more quickly. But it appears that could be months away. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> The central bank will hold six more rate-setting meetings in 2024, with the next one scheduled for April 30 through May 1.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="42"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"><a class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Best High-Yield Savings Accounts for May 2024—Up to 5.55%</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"><a class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_2-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Best CD Rates for May 2024: Up to 5.51%</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"><a class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_3-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Best Money Market Account Rates for May 2024—Up to 5.35%</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Note that the "top rates" quoted here are the highest nationally available rates Investopedia has identified in its daily rate research on hundreds of banks and credit unions. This is much different than the national average, which includes all banks offering a CD with that term, including many large banks that pay a pittance in interest. Thus, the national averages are always quite low, while the top rates you can unearth by shopping around are often 5, 10, or even 15 times higher.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-find-the-best-cd-rates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Find the Best CD Rates </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> Every business day, Investopedia tracks the rate data of more than 200 banks and credit unions that offer CDs to customers nationwide and determines daily rankings of the top-paying certificates in every major term. To qualify for our lists, the institution must be federally insured (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic-insured-account.asp">FDIC</a> for banks, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua-insured-institution.asp">NCUA</a> for credit unions), and the CD's minimum initial deposit must not exceed $25,000. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> Banks must be available in at least 40 states. And while some credit unions require you to donate to a specific charity or association to become a member if you don't meet other eligibility criteria (e.g., you don't live in a certain area or work in a certain kind of job), we exclude credit unions whose donation requirement is $40 or more. For more about how we choose the best rates, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/methodology-for-savings-accounts-and-certificates-of-deposit-rankings-7255816">read our full methodology</a>.<br/> </p></div>
![Top nationally available rate in every CD term, ranging from 4.70% to 5.60%, current as of April 22, 2024. ]() ![Top nationally available rate in every CD term, ranging from 4.70% to 5.60%, current as of April 22, 2024. ](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/74MqDyq5iz15YRfdmcjuUpe5nfM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4-22v2-655292221ae644f6aac912102ef74cd5.png) ### Key Takeaways * After taking the national lead Friday, the top CD rate in the country held today at 5.60% APY. That's available from [Northern Bank Direct](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) on a 12-month term. * Runner-up [Newtek Bank](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.newtekbank.com/certificate-of-deposit/&lender=Newtek%20Bank&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) is paying 5.55% APY for a shorter 6 months. * Interested in holding onto one of today's historically high rates for a longer term? You can lock in rates of 5.30% or better for up to 2 years, or 4.70% to 5.00% for 3 to 5 years. * The [best CD rates](https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214) have been gradually easing lower for months, in anticipation of future Fed rate cuts—something that's been expected to occur this year. * But the most recent inflation report suggests it might be a while before the central bank feels comfortable lowering rates. Below you'll find featured rates available from our partners, followed by details from our ranking of the best CDs available nationwide. ## Lock In 5.30% to 5.60% APY for 3 to 23 Months The top rate you can earn with a nationally available CD climbed Friday to 5.60% APY and held firm today. The current leader stretches the amount of time you can earn the top rate, as Northern Bank Direct's CD has a 12-month term. The previous leading rate of 5.55% APY, still available from runner-up Newtek Bank, can only be locked in for 6months. For a slightly longer duration, you can earn up to 5.40%—thanks to the [leading 18-month rate](https://www.investopedia.com/best-18-month-cd-rates-5272348) bumping up twice over the past week or so. In total, 13 CDs are paying 5.40% APY or better, with terms of 3 to 15 months. For a slightly longer term, though, you might like [Credit Human's](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) offer of 5.30% on a take-your-pick term of 18-23 months. ## Longer Terms Will Lock Your Rate to 2027—Or Beyond Choosing a CD term longer than two years is also a smart option, since it's possible U.S. interest rates could enter a declining period for the next 2-3 years. To lock in a rate that will last far into the future, you can choose a [top 3-year CD](https://www.investopedia.com/best-2-year-cd-rates-4801682) paying 5.00%, guaranteeing that return until 2027. Or you can opt to guarantee rates in the mid-to-high 4% range for as far as 4 or [5 years](https://www.investopedia.com/best-5-year-cd-rates-4801473) down the road. | **CD Terms** | **Friday's Top National Rate** | **Today's Top National Rate** | **Day's Change** (percentage points) | **Top Rate Provider** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [3 months](https://www.investopedia.com/best-3-month-cd-rates-5272288) | 5.42% APY | 5.42% APY | No change | [TotalDirectBank](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.totaldirectbank.com/personal/cds&lender=TotalDirectBank&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [6 months](https://www.investopedia.com/best-6-month-cd-rates-4783267) | 5.55% APY | 5.55% APY | No change | [Newtek Bank](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.newtekbank.com/certificate-of-deposit/&lender=Newtek%20Bank&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [1 year](https://www.investopedia.com/best-1-year-cd-rates-4796650) | 5.60% APY | 5.60% APY | No change | [Northern Bank Direct](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [18 months](https://www.investopedia.com/best-18-month-cd-rates-5272348) | 5.40% APY | 5.40% APY | No change | [Northern Bank Direct](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [2 years](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.xcelfcu.org/Explore/Resources/Rates&lender=XCEL%20Federal%20Credit%20Union&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | 5.30% APY | 5.30% APY | No change | [Credit Human](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [3 years](https://www.investopedia.com/best-3-year-cd-rates-4782938) | 5.00% APY | 5.00% APY | No change | [DollarSavingsDirect](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.dollarsavingsdirect.com/securebanking/cdInfo.do&lender=DollarSavingsDirect&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [4 years](https://www.investopedia.com/best-5-year-cd-rates-4801473) | 4.70% APY | 4.70% APY | No change | [Credit Human](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | | [5 years](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.lfcu.org/rates/personal-certificate-rates/&lender=Lafayette%20Federal%20Credit%20Union&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | 4.70% APY | 4.70% APY | No change | [Credit Human](https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ) | To view the top 15–20 nationwide rates in any term, click on the desired term length in the left column above. ### Today's high CD rates are a perfect antidote to stubborn inflation, with rates available in every CD term that far out-earn the current inflation rate of 3.5%. By putting money into one of these top-paying CDs today, you can stay [1 to 2 percentage points ahead of inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-beat-todays-stubborn-inflation-with-a-top-paying-cd-8610878). ## CD Rates Are Still Near Record Highs [Certificate of deposit (CD) rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp) have inched lower since they climbed to a historic high of 6.50% in October. At the start of February, the number of CDs in our daily ranking that paid at least 5.50% APY was 30. Today that count sits at four. But don't lose sight of how high CD returns still are relative to the past 20 years. Locking in a yield in the 4% to 5% range for a year or more down the road is still a great earning opportunity. Also keep in mind that snagging the absolute *highest* APY isn't the only way to win with today's CDs. Since CD rates could fall quite substantially in 2024 and 2025, locking in a long-term rate now—before rates move lower—can be a smart move. ## Jumbo Deposits Can Provide More CD Options The top two jumbo CDs let you earn more than you can with a standard CD. State Bank of Texas is paying 5.50% APY on a 12-month certificate, while My eBanc offers 5.49% APY for 6 months. Beware that [the best jumbo CD rates](https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-cd-rates-4797766) don't *always* pay more than standard certificates. Often, you can do just as well—or better—with a standard CD. That's the case right now in seven of the eight terms below, so it's always wise to shop both certificate types before making a final decision. | **CD Term** | **[Today's Top National Bank Rate](https://www.investopedia.com/best-bank-cd-rates-4801462)** | **[Today's Top National Credit Union Rate](https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214)** | **[Today's Top National Jumbo Rate](https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-cd-rates-4797766)** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 3 months | 5.42% APY\* | 5.30% APY | 5.20% APY | | 6 months | 5.55% APY\* | 5.50% APY | 5.49% APY | | 1 year | 5.60% APY\* | 5.40% APY | 5.50% APY | | 18 months | 5.40% APY | 5.30% APY | 5.41% APY\* | | 2 years | 4.90% APY | 5.30% APY\* | 4.96% APY | | 3 years | 5.00% APY\* | 5.00% APY\* | 4.97% APY | | 4 years | 4.55% APY | 4.70% APY\* | 4.48% APY | | 5 years | 4.55% APY | 4.70% APY\* | 4.37% APY | \*Indicates the highest APY offered in each term. To view our lists of the top-paying CDs across terms for bank, credit union, and jumbo certificates, click on the column headers above. ## Where Are CD Rates Headed in 2024? To combat decades-high inflation, the [Federal Reserve](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp) aggressively hiked the [federal funds rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp) between March 2022 and July 2023, raising the benchmark rate to its highest level in 22 years. That's important to savers because when the fed funds rate rises, banks and credit unions increase the interest rates they're willing to pay on customer deposits. As a result, this past fall saw historically favorable conditions for CD shoppers, as well as for anyone holding cash in a [high-yield savings](https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633) or [money market account](https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917). Rates on CDs rose to an October-November peak that was the highest we've seen in two decades. But since its last rate hike in July, the Fed has been in a holding pattern. On March 20, the central bank announced it would [maintain the fed fund rate at its current level](https://www.investopedia.com/federal-reserve-fomc-meeting-march-2024-8611723), the fifth meeting in a row it's done so. That's because [inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp) has been cooling, allowing the Fed to stop raising interest rates. But further inflation progress has been elusive, putting the central bank in wait-and-see mode as it looks for evidence that inflation is falling enough to justify lowering the federal funds rate. Reiterating the Fed's recent meeting statement, Fed Chair Jerome Powell spoke last week about how the first rate cut could still be a ways off. "We do not expect that it will be appropriate to lower our policy rate until we have greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably down toward 2 percent. Given the strength of the economy and progress on inflation so far, we have time to let the incoming data guide our decisions on policy," Powell said in prepared remarks. Unfortunately for those anxious for rate cuts, the April 10 [release of new inflation data](https://www.investopedia.com/inflation-heated-up-in-march-8629363) did not help the outlook. The March Consumer Price Index came in at 3.5%, which is 0.3 percentage points higher than February and 0.4 higher than January. In fact, it's the highest inflation reading since September, moving in the wrong direction to trigger Fed rate decreases. At its March 20 meeting, the median prediction from members of the Fed's rate-setting committee was for three rate reductions this year. But confidence in that prediction is waning as new data comes to light. According to the CME Group's FedWatch Tool, less than 20% of traders currently predict we'll see three cuts by the end of 2024. Still, it's a reasonable prediction that the Fed will find it appropriate to lower its benchmark rate sometime this year, if not three times. But Fed moves several months into the future are unpredictable, and until more data comes in, it's impossible to say if any 2024 rate cuts will come to fruition. As a result, CD rates could continue their current plateau. If at some point it becomes clear the Fed is ready to make a first rate cut, that would drive CD rates down more quickly. But it appears that could be months away. The central bank will hold six more rate-setting meetings in 2024, with the next one scheduled for April 30 through May 1. [Best High-Yield Savings Accounts for May 2024—Up to 5.55%](https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633) [Best CD Rates for May 2024: Up to 5.51%](https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214) [Best Money Market Account Rates for May 2024—Up to 5.35%](https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917) ### Note that the "top rates" quoted here are the highest nationally available rates Investopedia has identified in its daily rate research on hundreds of banks and credit unions. This is much different than the national average, which includes all banks offering a CD with that term, including many large banks that pay a pittance in interest. Thus, the national averages are always quite low, while the top rates you can unearth by shopping around are often 5, 10, or even 15 times higher. ## How We Find the Best CD Rates Every business day, Investopedia tracks the rate data of more than 200 banks and credit unions that offer CDs to customers nationwide and determines daily rankings of the top-paying certificates in every major term. To qualify for our lists, the institution must be federally insured ([FDIC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic-insured-account.asp) for banks, [NCUA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua-insured-institution.asp) for credit unions), and the CD's minimum initial deposit must not exceed $25,000. Banks must be available in at least 40 states. And while some credit unions require you to donate to a specific charity or association to become a member if you don't meet other eligibility criteria (e.g., you don't live in a certain area or work in a certain kind of job), we exclude credit unions whose donation requirement is $40 or more. For more about how we choose the best rates, [read our full methodology](https://www.investopedia.com/methodology-for-savings-accounts-and-certificates-of-deposit-rankings-7255816).
Key Takeaways After taking the national lead Friday, the top CD rate in the country held today at 5.60% APY. That's available from Northern Bank Direct on a 12-month term. Runner-up Newtek Bank is paying 5.55% APY for a shorter 6 months. Interested in holding onto one of today's historically high rates for a longer term? You can lock in rates of 5.30% or better for up to 2 years, or 4.70% to 5.00% for 3 to 5 years. The best CD rates have been gradually easing lower for months, in anticipation of future Fed rate cuts—something that's been expected to occur this year. But the most recent inflation report suggests it might be a while before the central bank feels comfortable lowering rates. Below you'll find featured rates available from our partners, followed by details from our ranking of the best CDs available nationwide. Lock In 5.30% to 5.60% APY for 3 to 23 Months The top rate you can earn with a nationally available CD climbed Friday to 5.60% APY and held firm today. The current leader stretches the amount of time you can earn the top rate, as Northern Bank Direct's CD has a 12-month term. The previous leading rate of 5.55% APY, still available from runner-up Newtek Bank, can only be locked in for 6months. For a slightly longer duration, you can earn up to 5.40%—thanks to the leading 18-month rate bumping up twice over the past week or so. In total, 13 CDs are paying 5.40% APY or better, with terms of 3 to 15 months. For a slightly longer term, though, you might like Credit Human's offer of 5.30% on a take-your-pick term of 18-23 months. Longer Terms Will Lock Your Rate to 2027—Or Beyond Choosing a CD term longer than two years is also a smart option, since it's possible U.S. interest rates could enter a declining period for the next 2-3 years. To lock in a rate that will last far into the future, you can choose a top 3-year CD paying 5.00%, guaranteeing that return until 2027. Or you can opt to guarantee rates in the mid-to-high 4% range for as far as 4 or 5 years down the road. CD Terms Friday's Top National Rate Today's Top National Rate Day's Change (percentage points) Top Rate Provider 3 months 5.42% APY 5.42% APY No change TotalDirectBank 6 months 5.55% APY 5.55% APY No change Newtek Bank 1 year 5.60% APY 5.60% APY No change Northern Bank Direct 18 months 5.40% APY 5.40% APY No change Northern Bank Direct 2 years 5.30% APY 5.30% APY No change Credit Human 3 years 5.00% APY 5.00% APY No change DollarSavingsDirect 4 years 4.70% APY 4.70% APY No change Credit Human 5 years 4.70% APY 4.70% APY No change Credit Human To view the top 15–20 nationwide rates in any term, click on the desired term length in the left column above. Today's high CD rates are a perfect antidote to stubborn inflation, with rates available in every CD term that far out-earn the current inflation rate of 3.5%. By putting money into one of these top-paying CDs today, you can stay 1 to 2 percentage points ahead of inflation. CD Rates Are Still Near Record Highs Certificate of deposit (CD) rates have inched lower since they climbed to a historic high of 6.50% in October. At the start of February, the number of CDs in our daily ranking that paid at least 5.50% APY was 30. Today that count sits at four. But don't lose sight of how high CD returns still are relative to the past 20 years. Locking in a yield in the 4% to 5% range for a year or more down the road is still a great earning opportunity. Also keep in mind that snagging the absolute highest APY isn't the only way to win with today's CDs. Since CD rates could fall quite substantially in 2024 and 2025, locking in a long-term rate now—before rates move lower—can be a smart move. Jumbo Deposits Can Provide More CD Options The top two jumbo CDs let you earn more than you can with a standard CD. State Bank of Texas is paying 5.50% APY on a 12-month certificate, while My eBanc offers 5.49% APY for 6 months. Beware that the best jumbo CD rates don't always pay more than standard certificates. Often, you can do just as well—or better—with a standard CD. That's the case right now in seven of the eight terms below, so it's always wise to shop both certificate types before making a final decision. CD Term Today's Top National Bank Rate Today's Top National Credit Union Rate Today's Top National Jumbo Rate 3 months 5.42% APY* 5.30% APY 5.20% APY 6 months 5.55% APY* 5.50% APY 5.49% APY 1 year 5.60% APY* 5.40% APY 5.50% APY 18 months 5.40% APY 5.30% APY 5.41% APY* 2 years 4.90% APY 5.30% APY* 4.96% APY 3 years 5.00% APY* 5.00% APY* 4.97% APY 4 years 4.55% APY 4.70% APY* 4.48% APY 5 years 4.55% APY 4.70% APY* 4.37% APY *Indicates the highest APY offered in each term. To view our lists of the top-paying CDs across terms for bank, credit union, and jumbo certificates, click on the column headers above. Where Are CD Rates Headed in 2024? To combat decades-high inflation, the Federal Reserve aggressively hiked the federal funds rate between March 2022 and July 2023, raising the benchmark rate to its highest level in 22 years. That's important to savers because when the fed funds rate rises, banks and credit unions increase the interest rates they're willing to pay on customer deposits. As a result, this past fall saw historically favorable conditions for CD shoppers, as well as for anyone holding cash in a high-yield savings or money market account. Rates on CDs rose to an October-November peak that was the highest we've seen in two decades. But since its last rate hike in July, the Fed has been in a holding pattern. On March 20, the central bank announced it would maintain the fed fund rate at its current level, the fifth meeting in a row it's done so. That's because inflation has been cooling, allowing the Fed to stop raising interest rates. But further inflation progress has been elusive, putting the central bank in wait-and-see mode as it looks for evidence that inflation is falling enough to justify lowering the federal funds rate. Reiterating the Fed's recent meeting statement, Fed Chair Jerome Powell spoke last week about how the first rate cut could still be a ways off. "We do not expect that it will be appropriate to lower our policy rate until we have greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably down toward 2 percent. Given the strength of the economy and progress on inflation so far, we have time to let the incoming data guide our decisions on policy," Powell said in prepared remarks. Unfortunately for those anxious for rate cuts, the April 10 release of new inflation data did not help the outlook. The March Consumer Price Index came in at 3.5%, which is 0.3 percentage points higher than February and 0.4 higher than January. In fact, it's the highest inflation reading since September, moving in the wrong direction to trigger Fed rate decreases. At its March 20 meeting, the median prediction from members of the Fed's rate-setting committee was for three rate reductions this year. But confidence in that prediction is waning as new data comes to light. According to the CME Group's FedWatch Tool, less than 20% of traders currently predict we'll see three cuts by the end of 2024. Still, it's a reasonable prediction that the Fed will find it appropriate to lower its benchmark rate sometime this year, if not three times. But Fed moves several months into the future are unpredictable, and until more data comes in, it's impossible to say if any 2024 rate cuts will come to fruition. As a result, CD rates could continue their current plateau. If at some point it becomes clear the Fed is ready to make a first rate cut, that would drive CD rates down more quickly. But it appears that could be months away. The central bank will hold six more rate-setting meetings in 2024, with the next one scheduled for April 30 through May 1. Best High-Yield Savings Accounts for May 2024—Up to 5.55% Best CD Rates for May 2024: Up to 5.51% Best Money Market Account Rates for May 2024—Up to 5.35% Note that the "top rates" quoted here are the highest nationally available rates Investopedia has identified in its daily rate research on hundreds of banks and credit unions. This is much different than the national average, which includes all banks offering a CD with that term, including many large banks that pay a pittance in interest. Thus, the national averages are always quite low, while the top rates you can unearth by shopping around are often 5, 10, or even 15 times higher. How We Find the Best CD Rates Every business day, Investopedia tracks the rate data of more than 200 banks and credit unions that offer CDs to customers nationwide and determines daily rankings of the top-paying certificates in every major term. To qualify for our lists, the institution must be federally insured (FDIC for banks, NCUA for credit unions), and the CD's minimum initial deposit must not exceed $25,000. Banks must be available in at least 40 states. And while some credit unions require you to donate to a specific charity or association to become a member if you don't meet other eligibility criteria (e.g., you don't live in a certain area or work in a certain kind of job), we exclude credit unions whose donation requirement is $40 or more. For more about how we choose the best rates, read our full methodology.
[ [ "Top nationally available rate in every CD term, ranging from 4.70% to 5.60%, current as of April 22, 2024. ", "https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/74MqDyq5iz15YRfdmcjuUpe5nfM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale(" ], [ "Northern Bank Direct", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "Newtek Bank", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.newtekbank.com/certificate-of-deposit/&lender=Newtek%20Bank&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "best CD rates", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" ], [ "leading 18-month rate", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-18-month-cd-rates-5272348" ], [ "Credit Human's", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "top 3-year CD", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-2-year-cd-rates-4801682" ], [ "5 years", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-5-year-cd-rates-4801473" ], [ "3 months", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-3-month-cd-rates-5272288" ], [ "TotalDirectBank", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.totaldirectbank.com/personal/cds&lender=TotalDirectBank&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "6 months", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-6-month-cd-rates-4783267" ], [ "Newtek Bank", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.newtekbank.com/certificate-of-deposit/&lender=Newtek%20Bank&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "1 year", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-1-year-cd-rates-4796650" ], [ "Northern Bank Direct", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "18 months", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-18-month-cd-rates-5272348" ], [ "Northern Bank Direct", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.northernbankdirect.com/cds&lender=Northern%20Bank%20Direct&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "2 years", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.xcelfcu.org/Explore/Resources/Rates&lender=XCEL%20Federal%20Credit%20Union&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "Credit Human", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "3 years", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-3-year-cd-rates-4782938" ], [ "DollarSavingsDirect", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.dollarsavingsdirect.com/securebanking/cdInfo.do&lender=DollarSavingsDirect&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "4 years", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-5-year-cd-rates-4801473" ], [ "Credit Human", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "5 years", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.lfcu.org/rates/personal-certificate-rates/&lender=Lafayette%20Federal%20Credit%20Union&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "Credit Human", "https://finance.mediaalpha.com/dotdash/direct-link.html?cu=https://www.credithuman.com/investments-planning/certificates-iras/share-certificate&lender=Credit%20Human&type=CD;rENpvBV_7IwwTpHRgbEQg9JlSH1hUgpLivAI0es52Cmr1l6igsUu2KIAy6Xb-greXxpicNNpXRTca2hxVAxvB75b-Hs8JQ" ], [ "1 to 2 percentage points ahead of inflation", "https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-beat-todays-stubborn-inflation-with-a-top-paying-cd-8610878" ], [ "Certificate of deposit (CD) rates", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp" ], [ "the best jumbo CD rates", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-cd-rates-4797766" ], [ "Today's Top National Bank Rate", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-bank-cd-rates-4801462" ], [ "Today's Top National Credit Union Rate", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" ], [ "Today's Top National Jumbo Rate", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-cd-rates-4797766" ], [ "Federal Reserve", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp" ], [ "federal funds rate", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp" ], [ "high-yield savings", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633" ], [ "money market account", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917" ], [ "maintain the fed fund rate at its current level", "https://www.investopedia.com/federal-reserve-fomc-meeting-march-2024-8611723" ], [ "inflation", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp" ], [ "release of new inflation data", "https://www.investopedia.com/inflation-heated-up-in-march-8629363" ], [ "Best High-Yield Savings Accounts for May 2024—Up to 5.55%", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633" ], [ "Best CD Rates for May 2024: Up to 5.51%", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-cd-rates-4770214" ], [ "Best Money Market Account Rates for May 2024—Up to 5.35%", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917" ], [ "FDIC", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic-insured-account.asp" ], [ "NCUA", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua-insured-institution.asp" ], [ "read our full methodology", "https://www.investopedia.com/methodology-for-savings-accounts-and-certificates-of-deposit-rankings-7255816" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/inside-credit-repair-what-you-need-to-know-to-fix-your-credit-5089284
Insider's Tips on How to Fix Your Credit
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> To hear Steve Weisman tell it, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/credit-repair.asp">credit repair</a> is part police work and part legal expertise. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> "Legitimate credit repair companies," Weisman says, "are knowledgeable about finding mistakes in credit reports and knowing how to provide evidence sufficient to persuade the credit reporting agencies to remove such false information." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Though it may not qualify as an episode of <em>NCIS</em>, Weisman, who is a notable lawyer, college professor, and one of the country's leading experts on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cybersecurity.asp">cybersecurity</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/identitytheft.asp">identity theft</a>, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040115/watch-out-these-top-internet-scams.asp">scams</a>, paints a picture of a process not unlike a criminal investigation. In this case, the "crime" involves false information that damages you and your credit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Weisman, author of <a data-component="amazon" data-ordinal="1" data-source="affiliate" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.amazon.com/Ways-Protect-Your-Identity-Credit/dp/013146759X" rel="sponsored nofollow"><em>50 Ways to Protect Your Identity and Your Credit,</em></a> agreed to an exclusive interview with Investopedia on the subject of credit repair, including how to find and hire the right credit repair agency or even whether to attempt to repair your credit on your own. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-defining-credit-repair"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Defining Credit Repair </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <strong>Investopedia: </strong>Let's start with the basics. What, exactly, is credit repair? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>Credit repair is the process by which incorrect negative information on your credit report is removed from your credit report, which will result in your credit score going up. A poor credit score can affect your ability to get a loan, rent an apartment, get a job, purchase insurance, and more. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> It is important to emphasize that no credit repair agency can legally remove accurate negative information from your credit report, although there are a number of companies that attempt to do that. By law, negative information stays on your credit report for seven years and bankruptcies for 10 years. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> Is this something only credit repair companies can do or can people repair their credit by removing incorrect information themselves? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>Credit repair companies help people get inaccurate information removed from their credit reports. They have no more power or authority to do that than individual people do, but some people prefer to have credit repair companies do the work for them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-initiating-credit-repair"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Initiating Credit Repair </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> How does the credit repair process start? How do you know you may even be a candidate for credit repair? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> If you get your credit score and it is not particularly good, you can hire a credit repair company to go through your credit report to determine what was the cause for the low score. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-credit-repair-vs-credit-counseling"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Credit Repair vs. Credit Counseling </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> We often see ads on TV for credit counseling. Is that the same as credit repair or different? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> Different. Credit counseling agencies attempt to negotiate plans with your creditors to accept reduced payments. Some of these companies are partially funded by the credit card companies themselves, who see this as a win-win situation for their customers and themselves. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> However, these credit counseling agencies are not credit repair companies. Credit repair companies work for their individual clients, who hire them to correct their credit reports and thereby enhance their credit scores. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> So, do credit repair companies ever offer credit counseling or vice versa? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>Credit repair companies do not generally provide credit counseling and vice versa. They each perform separate services. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-effectiveness-of-credit-repair"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Effectiveness of Credit Repair </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> Does credit repair really work? In other words, are credit repair companies effective at what they do? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> Legitimate credit repair companies can do a good job of working with the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/top-three-credit-bureaus/">major credit reporting agencies</a>, Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion, to remove false negative information from your credit report and consequently increase your credit score. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> Many credit reports have mistaken information that can reduce your credit score. Among the mistaken information that commonly appears on credit reports are accounts that are behind in payment that do not belong to you, bankruptcies of other people with similar names, misspellings of names that result in someone else's negative information appearing on your report, negative information that is more than seven years old, and debts that cannot be validated and verified. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> Do credit repair companies only work with credit reporting agencies or do they sometimes work with creditors or others in the chain? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>While generally credit repair companies primarily work with credit reporting agencies, they also may work directly with creditors in order to have the creditors change what they report to the credit reporting bureaus. Credit repair companies may work extensively with creditors in order to induce them into correcting inaccurate information reported to the credit reporting bureaus or to negotiate a settlement with the creditor by which the creditor reports to the credit reporting bureaus that particular debts have been paid satisfactorily. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-credit-repair-timeline-and-cost"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Credit Repair Timeline and Cost </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> After the process of credit repair starts, how long does it generally take? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> How long credit repair takes depends on how much needs to be corrected and how promptly the credit reporting agencies respond to requests to correct the reports. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> The law requires credit reporting agencies to investigate claims of mistakes and respond within 30 days of receiving notice by someone trying to fix their credit report; however, sometimes this time period can be extended if the credit reporting agencies require more information or documentation to complete their investigation. It is not unusual for credit repair to take many months to be completed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> <strong>Investopedia: </strong>What’s the cost of using a credit repair company? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>Legitimate credit repair companies will typically charge monthly fees of between $79 and $129, and some charge a setup fee. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-evaluation-and-regulation-credit-repair-companies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Evaluation and Regulation Credit Repair Companies </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> Who regulates credit repair companies and how does a consumer know if a particular credit repair company is legit? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftc.asp">Federal Trade Commission (FTC)</a> regulates credit repair companies and is the place consumers should go if they have a problem with a credit repair company. In order to determine if a credit repair company is legitimate, you should check with the FTC to see if any complaints or legal actions have been made against them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> What about legislation or laws that protect people from scam credit repair companies? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-repair-organizations-act-croa.asp">Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA)</a> requires credit repair companies to provide you with a written contract that details the services they will perform for you and explain your rights under the law, notify you of a three-day right to cancel your contract with the credit repair company, inform you of how long it will take to perform their services, and explain in detail the total cost to you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> Most importantly, they cannot charge you before they have completed their services. This is the biggest indication of a scam credit repair company. The scammers generally charge large upfront fees before they perform any services. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> Is there anything else about the CROA guidelines people should know? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> The CROA also provides you with the right to sue in federal court a credit repair company that violates the law and obtain not just compensatory damages (money to compensate you for your losses), but also punitive damages (money to punish and deter the scammers from harming other people). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-end-of-the-process"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The End of the Process </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <strong>Investopedia: </strong>How can you tell that your credit has been repaired? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"> <strong>Weisman:</strong> You can determine if your credit has been repaired by checking your credit reports and credit scores with each of the three major credit reporting agencies; however, you should regularly follow up checking your credit report and credit scores because sometimes inaccurate information that harms your credit score is removed after being disputed, but reappears on your credit report, thereby lowering your score later. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-alternatives-to-hiring-a-credit-repair-company"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Alternatives to Hiring a Credit Repair Company </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> <strong>Investopedia: </strong>Are there alternatives to using a credit repair company? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>The alternative to using a credit repair company is to do it yourself. Again, it is important to note that a credit repair service cannot do anything that you cannot do for yourself. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> Some people, however, prefer to have the work done for them rather than do it themselves, particularly if they are unfamiliar with the process. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-common-misunderstandings-about-credit-repair"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Common Misunderstandings About Credit Repair </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> <strong>Investopedia: </strong>What do you think are some common misunderstandings people have about credit repair? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>I believe that the most misunderstood aspect of the credit repair industry is (the belief) that true negative information can be legitimately removed from your report. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> People also believe credit repair companies have more power to take actions to remove negative information from credit reports than individual consumers do. Finally, I don't think people appreciate how much mistaken information commonly appears on credit reports. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"> <strong>Investopedia:</strong> Given all that, are there things credit repair companies do noticeably better than their clients can do on their own? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>Yes. Legitimate credit repair companies are knowledgeable about finding mistakes in credit reports and knowing how to provide evidence sufficient to persuade the credit reporting agencies to remove such false information. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-final-thoughts"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Final Thoughts </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"> <strong>Investopedia: </strong>What should people know about credit repair that we didn't ask? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> <strong>Weisman: </strong>Credit repair is a process that should continue. Even after your credit report has been corrected and your score increased, you should regularly review your credit reports at each of the three credit reporting agencies and check your credit scores regularly so that if a problem arises, you can deal with it in a timely fashion, rather than having to deal with it in an emergency, such as: You have applied for a loan and just learned that your credit score is low. </p></div>
To hear Steve Weisman tell it, [credit repair](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/credit-repair.asp) is part police work and part legal expertise. "Legitimate credit repair companies," Weisman says, "are knowledgeable about finding mistakes in credit reports and knowing how to provide evidence sufficient to persuade the credit reporting agencies to remove such false information." Though it may not qualify as an episode of *NCIS*, Weisman, who is a notable lawyer, college professor, and one of the country's leading experts on [cybersecurity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cybersecurity.asp), [identity theft](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/identitytheft.asp), and [scams](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040115/watch-out-these-top-internet-scams.asp), paints a picture of a process not unlike a criminal investigation. In this case, the "crime" involves false information that damages you and your credit. Weisman, author of [*50 Ways to Protect Your Identity and Your Credit,*](https://www.amazon.com/Ways-Protect-Your-Identity-Credit/dp/013146759X) agreed to an exclusive interview with Investopedia on the subject of credit repair, including how to find and hire the right credit repair agency or even whether to attempt to repair your credit on your own. ## Defining Credit Repair **Investopedia:** Let's start with the basics. What, exactly, is credit repair? **Weisman:** Credit repair is the process by which incorrect negative information on your credit report is removed from your credit report, which will result in your credit score going up. A poor credit score can affect your ability to get a loan, rent an apartment, get a job, purchase insurance, and more. It is important to emphasize that no credit repair agency can legally remove accurate negative information from your credit report, although there are a number of companies that attempt to do that. By law, negative information stays on your credit report for seven years and bankruptcies for 10 years. **Investopedia:** Is this something only credit repair companies can do or can people repair their credit by removing incorrect information themselves? **Weisman:** Credit repair companies help people get inaccurate information removed from their credit reports. They have no more power or authority to do that than individual people do, but some people prefer to have credit repair companies do the work for them. ## Initiating Credit Repair **Investopedia:** How does the credit repair process start? How do you know you may even be a candidate for credit repair? **Weisman:** If you get your credit score and it is not particularly good, you can hire a credit repair company to go through your credit report to determine what was the cause for the low score. ## Credit Repair vs. Credit Counseling **Investopedia:** We often see ads on TV for credit counseling. Is that the same as credit repair or different? **Weisman:** Different. Credit counseling agencies attempt to negotiate plans with your creditors to accept reduced payments. Some of these companies are partially funded by the credit card companies themselves, who see this as a win-win situation for their customers and themselves. However, these credit counseling agencies are not credit repair companies. Credit repair companies work for their individual clients, who hire them to correct their credit reports and thereby enhance their credit scores. **Investopedia:** So, do credit repair companies ever offer credit counseling or vice versa? **Weisman:** Credit repair companies do not generally provide credit counseling and vice versa. They each perform separate services. ## The Effectiveness of Credit Repair **Investopedia:** Does credit repair really work? In other words, are credit repair companies effective at what they do? **Weisman:** Legitimate credit repair companies can do a good job of working with the [major credit reporting agencies](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/top-three-credit-bureaus/), Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion, to remove false negative information from your credit report and consequently increase your credit score. Many credit reports have mistaken information that can reduce your credit score. Among the mistaken information that commonly appears on credit reports are accounts that are behind in payment that do not belong to you, bankruptcies of other people with similar names, misspellings of names that result in someone else's negative information appearing on your report, negative information that is more than seven years old, and debts that cannot be validated and verified. **Investopedia:** Do credit repair companies only work with credit reporting agencies or do they sometimes work with creditors or others in the chain? **Weisman:** While generally credit repair companies primarily work with credit reporting agencies, they also may work directly with creditors in order to have the creditors change what they report to the credit reporting bureaus. Credit repair companies may work extensively with creditors in order to induce them into correcting inaccurate information reported to the credit reporting bureaus or to negotiate a settlement with the creditor by which the creditor reports to the credit reporting bureaus that particular debts have been paid satisfactorily. ## Credit Repair Timeline and Cost **Investopedia:** After the process of credit repair starts, how long does it generally take? **Weisman:** How long credit repair takes depends on how much needs to be corrected and how promptly the credit reporting agencies respond to requests to correct the reports. The law requires credit reporting agencies to investigate claims of mistakes and respond within 30 days of receiving notice by someone trying to fix their credit report; however, sometimes this time period can be extended if the credit reporting agencies require more information or documentation to complete their investigation. It is not unusual for credit repair to take many months to be completed. **Investopedia:** What’s the cost of using a credit repair company? **Weisman:** Legitimate credit repair companies will typically charge monthly fees of between $79 and $129, and some charge a setup fee. ## Evaluation and Regulation Credit Repair Companies **Investopedia:** Who regulates credit repair companies and how does a consumer know if a particular credit repair company is legit? **Weisman:** The [Federal Trade Commission (FTC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftc.asp) regulates credit repair companies and is the place consumers should go if they have a problem with a credit repair company. In order to determine if a credit repair company is legitimate, you should check with the FTC to see if any complaints or legal actions have been made against them. **Investopedia:** What about legislation or laws that protect people from scam credit repair companies? **Weisman:** The [Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-repair-organizations-act-croa.asp) requires credit repair companies to provide you with a written contract that details the services they will perform for you and explain your rights under the law, notify you of a three-day right to cancel your contract with the credit repair company, inform you of how long it will take to perform their services, and explain in detail the total cost to you. Most importantly, they cannot charge you before they have completed their services. This is the biggest indication of a scam credit repair company. The scammers generally charge large upfront fees before they perform any services. **Investopedia:** Is there anything else about the CROA guidelines people should know? **Weisman:** The CROA also provides you with the right to sue in federal court a credit repair company that violates the law and obtain not just compensatory damages (money to compensate you for your losses), but also punitive damages (money to punish and deter the scammers from harming other people). ## The End of the Process **Investopedia:** How can you tell that your credit has been repaired? **Weisman:** You can determine if your credit has been repaired by checking your credit reports and credit scores with each of the three major credit reporting agencies; however, you should regularly follow up checking your credit report and credit scores because sometimes inaccurate information that harms your credit score is removed after being disputed, but reappears on your credit report, thereby lowering your score later. ## Alternatives to Hiring a Credit Repair Company **Investopedia:** Are there alternatives to using a credit repair company? **Weisman:** The alternative to using a credit repair company is to do it yourself. Again, it is important to note that a credit repair service cannot do anything that you cannot do for yourself. Some people, however, prefer to have the work done for them rather than do it themselves, particularly if they are unfamiliar with the process. ## Common Misunderstandings About Credit Repair **Investopedia:** What do you think are some common misunderstandings people have about credit repair? **Weisman:** I believe that the most misunderstood aspect of the credit repair industry is (the belief) that true negative information can be legitimately removed from your report. People also believe credit repair companies have more power to take actions to remove negative information from credit reports than individual consumers do. Finally, I don't think people appreciate how much mistaken information commonly appears on credit reports. **Investopedia:** Given all that, are there things credit repair companies do noticeably better than their clients can do on their own? **Weisman:** Yes. Legitimate credit repair companies are knowledgeable about finding mistakes in credit reports and knowing how to provide evidence sufficient to persuade the credit reporting agencies to remove such false information. ## Final Thoughts **Investopedia:** What should people know about credit repair that we didn't ask? **Weisman:** Credit repair is a process that should continue. Even after your credit report has been corrected and your score increased, you should regularly review your credit reports at each of the three credit reporting agencies and check your credit scores regularly so that if a problem arises, you can deal with it in a timely fashion, rather than having to deal with it in an emergency, such as: You have applied for a loan and just learned that your credit score is low.
To hear Steve Weisman tell it, credit repair is part police work and part legal expertise. "Legitimate credit repair companies," Weisman says, "are knowledgeable about finding mistakes in credit reports and knowing how to provide evidence sufficient to persuade the credit reporting agencies to remove such false information." Though it may not qualify as an episode of NCIS, Weisman, who is a notable lawyer, college professor, and one of the country's leading experts on cybersecurity, identity theft, and scams, paints a picture of a process not unlike a criminal investigation. In this case, the "crime" involves false information that damages you and your credit. Weisman, author of 50 Ways to Protect Your Identity and Your Credit, agreed to an exclusive interview with Investopedia on the subject of credit repair, including how to find and hire the right credit repair agency or even whether to attempt to repair your credit on your own. Defining Credit Repair Investopedia: Let's start with the basics. What, exactly, is credit repair? Weisman: Credit repair is the process by which incorrect negative information on your credit report is removed from your credit report, which will result in your credit score going up. A poor credit score can affect your ability to get a loan, rent an apartment, get a job, purchase insurance, and more. It is important to emphasize that no credit repair agency can legally remove accurate negative information from your credit report, although there are a number of companies that attempt to do that. By law, negative information stays on your credit report for seven years and bankruptcies for 10 years. Investopedia: Is this something only credit repair companies can do or can people repair their credit by removing incorrect information themselves? Weisman: Credit repair companies help people get inaccurate information removed from their credit reports. They have no more power or authority to do that than individual people do, but some people prefer to have credit repair companies do the work for them. Initiating Credit Repair Investopedia: How does the credit repair process start? How do you know you may even be a candidate for credit repair? Weisman: If you get your credit score and it is not particularly good, you can hire a credit repair company to go through your credit report to determine what was the cause for the low score. Credit Repair vs. Credit Counseling Investopedia: We often see ads on TV for credit counseling. Is that the same as credit repair or different? Weisman: Different. Credit counseling agencies attempt to negotiate plans with your creditors to accept reduced payments. Some of these companies are partially funded by the credit card companies themselves, who see this as a win-win situation for their customers and themselves. However, these credit counseling agencies are not credit repair companies. Credit repair companies work for their individual clients, who hire them to correct their credit reports and thereby enhance their credit scores. Investopedia: So, do credit repair companies ever offer credit counseling or vice versa? Weisman: Credit repair companies do not generally provide credit counseling and vice versa. They each perform separate services. The Effectiveness of Credit Repair Investopedia: Does credit repair really work? In other words, are credit repair companies effective at what they do? Weisman: Legitimate credit repair companies can do a good job of working with the major credit reporting agencies, Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion, to remove false negative information from your credit report and consequently increase your credit score. Many credit reports have mistaken information that can reduce your credit score. Among the mistaken information that commonly appears on credit reports are accounts that are behind in payment that do not belong to you, bankruptcies of other people with similar names, misspellings of names that result in someone else's negative information appearing on your report, negative information that is more than seven years old, and debts that cannot be validated and verified. Investopedia: Do credit repair companies only work with credit reporting agencies or do they sometimes work with creditors or others in the chain? Weisman: While generally credit repair companies primarily work with credit reporting agencies, they also may work directly with creditors in order to have the creditors change what they report to the credit reporting bureaus. Credit repair companies may work extensively with creditors in order to induce them into correcting inaccurate information reported to the credit reporting bureaus or to negotiate a settlement with the creditor by which the creditor reports to the credit reporting bureaus that particular debts have been paid satisfactorily. Credit Repair Timeline and Cost Investopedia: After the process of credit repair starts, how long does it generally take? Weisman: How long credit repair takes depends on how much needs to be corrected and how promptly the credit reporting agencies respond to requests to correct the reports. The law requires credit reporting agencies to investigate claims of mistakes and respond within 30 days of receiving notice by someone trying to fix their credit report; however, sometimes this time period can be extended if the credit reporting agencies require more information or documentation to complete their investigation. It is not unusual for credit repair to take many months to be completed. Investopedia: What’s the cost of using a credit repair company? Weisman: Legitimate credit repair companies will typically charge monthly fees of between $79 and $129, and some charge a setup fee. Evaluation and Regulation Credit Repair Companies Investopedia: Who regulates credit repair companies and how does a consumer know if a particular credit repair company is legit? Weisman: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates credit repair companies and is the place consumers should go if they have a problem with a credit repair company. In order to determine if a credit repair company is legitimate, you should check with the FTC to see if any complaints or legal actions have been made against them. Investopedia: What about legislation or laws that protect people from scam credit repair companies? Weisman: The Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA) requires credit repair companies to provide you with a written contract that details the services they will perform for you and explain your rights under the law, notify you of a three-day right to cancel your contract with the credit repair company, inform you of how long it will take to perform their services, and explain in detail the total cost to you. Most importantly, they cannot charge you before they have completed their services. This is the biggest indication of a scam credit repair company. The scammers generally charge large upfront fees before they perform any services. Investopedia: Is there anything else about the CROA guidelines people should know? Weisman: The CROA also provides you with the right to sue in federal court a credit repair company that violates the law and obtain not just compensatory damages (money to compensate you for your losses), but also punitive damages (money to punish and deter the scammers from harming other people). The End of the Process Investopedia: How can you tell that your credit has been repaired? Weisman: You can determine if your credit has been repaired by checking your credit reports and credit scores with each of the three major credit reporting agencies; however, you should regularly follow up checking your credit report and credit scores because sometimes inaccurate information that harms your credit score is removed after being disputed, but reappears on your credit report, thereby lowering your score later. Alternatives to Hiring a Credit Repair Company Investopedia: Are there alternatives to using a credit repair company? Weisman: The alternative to using a credit repair company is to do it yourself. Again, it is important to note that a credit repair service cannot do anything that you cannot do for yourself. Some people, however, prefer to have the work done for them rather than do it themselves, particularly if they are unfamiliar with the process. Common Misunderstandings About Credit Repair Investopedia: What do you think are some common misunderstandings people have about credit repair? Weisman: I believe that the most misunderstood aspect of the credit repair industry is (the belief) that true negative information can be legitimately removed from your report. People also believe credit repair companies have more power to take actions to remove negative information from credit reports than individual consumers do. Finally, I don't think people appreciate how much mistaken information commonly appears on credit reports. Investopedia: Given all that, are there things credit repair companies do noticeably better than their clients can do on their own? Weisman: Yes. Legitimate credit repair companies are knowledgeable about finding mistakes in credit reports and knowing how to provide evidence sufficient to persuade the credit reporting agencies to remove such false information. Final Thoughts Investopedia: What should people know about credit repair that we didn't ask? Weisman: Credit repair is a process that should continue. Even after your credit report has been corrected and your score increased, you should regularly review your credit reports at each of the three credit reporting agencies and check your credit scores regularly so that if a problem arises, you can deal with it in a timely fashion, rather than having to deal with it in an emergency, such as: You have applied for a loan and just learned that your credit score is low.
[ [ "credit repair", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/credit-repair.asp" ], [ "cybersecurity", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cybersecurity.asp" ], [ "identity theft", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/identitytheft.asp" ], [ "scams", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040115/watch-out-these-top-internet-scams.asp" ], [ "*50 Ways to Protect Your Identity and Your Credit,*", "https://www.amazon.com/Ways-Protect-Your-Identity-Credit/dp/013146759X" ], [ "major credit reporting agencies", "https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/top-three-credit-bureaus/" ], [ "Federal Trade Commission (FTC)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/ftc.asp" ], [ "Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-repair-organizations-act-croa.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp
Collateral Definition, Types, & Examples
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-collateral"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Collateral? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Collateral in the financial world is a valuable asset that a borrower pledges as security for a loan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> For example, when a homebuyer obtains a mortgage, the home serves as the collateral for the loan. For a car loan, the vehicle is the collateral. A business that obtains financing from a bank may pledge valuable equipment or real estate owned by the business as collateral for the loan. In the event of a default, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup the loss. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Other nonspecific personal loans can be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateralization.asp">collateralized</a> by other assets. For instance, a secured <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditcard.asp">credit card</a> may be secured by a cash deposit for the same amount of the credit limit—$500 for a $500 credit limit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Collateral is an item of value pledged to secure a loan.</li><li>Collateral reduces the risk for lenders.</li><li>If a borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup its losses.</li><li>Mortgages and car loans are two types of collateralized loans.</li><li>Other personal assets, such as a savings or investment account, can be used to secure a collateralized personal loan.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-collateral-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Collateral Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Before a lender issues you a loan, it wants to know that you have the ability to repay it. That's why many of them require some form of security. This security is called collateral, which minimizes the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp">risk</a> for lenders by ensuring that the borrower keeps up with their financial <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/obligation.asp">obligation</a>. The borrower has a compelling reason to repay the loan on time because if they default, they stand to lose their home or other assets pledged as collateral. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Loans secured by collateral are typically available at substantially lower interest rates than unsecured loans. A lender's claim to a borrower's collateral is called a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lien.asp">lien</a>—a legal right or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062415/what-difference-between-possessory-and-nonpossessory-lien.asp">claim against an asset</a> to satisfy a debt. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> In the event that the borrower does default, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it, applying the money it gets to the unpaid portion of the loan. The lender can choose to pursue legal action against the borrower to recoup any remaining balance.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-collateral"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Collateral </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> The nature of the collateral is often predetermined by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/07/loan_types.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">loan type</a>. When you take out a mortgage, your home becomes the collateral. If you take out a car loan, then the car is the collateral for the loan. The types of collateral that lenders commonly accept include cars—only if they are paid off in full—bank savings deposits, and investment accounts. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Retirement</a> accounts are not usually accepted as collateral. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> You also may use future paychecks as collateral for very short-term loans, and not just from <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payday-loans.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">payday lenders</a>. Traditional banks offer such loans, usually for terms no longer than a couple of weeks. These short-term loans are an option in a genuine emergency, but even then, you should read the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fineprint.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">fine print</a> carefully and compare rates. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Collateralized Personal Loans </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Another type of borrowing is the collateralized personal loan, in which the borrower offers an item of value as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/borrowing-base.asp">security for a loan</a>. The value of the collateral must meet or exceed the amount being loaned. Lenders will typically lend only a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advancerate.asp">percentage of the collateral's value</a>, not 100% of its value. If you are considering a collateralized personal loan, your best choice for a lender is probably a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialinstitution.asp">financial institution</a> that you already do business with, especially if your collateral is your savings account. If you already have a relationship with the bank, that bank would be more inclined to approve the loan, and you are more apt to get a decent rate for it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Use a financial institution with which you already have a relationship if you're considering a collateralized personal loan.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-collateral-loans"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Collateral Loans </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Residential Mortgages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> A mortgage is a loan in which the house is the collateral. If the homeowner stops paying the mortgage for at least 120 days, the loan servicer can begin legal proceedings, which can lead to the lender eventually taking possession of the house through <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreclosure.asp">foreclosure</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/other-real-estate-owned-oreo.asp">Once the property is transferred to the lender</a>, it can be sold to repay the remaining principal on the loan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Home Equity Loans </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> A home may also function as collateral on a second mortgage or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage/heloc/" rel="noopener noreferrer">home equity line of credit (HELOC)</a>. In this case, the amount of the loan will not exceed the available equity. For example, if a home is valued at $200,000, and $125,000 remains on the primary mortgage, a second mortgage or HELOC will be available only for as much as $75,000. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Margin Trading </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> Collateralized loans are also a factor in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/margin.asp">margin</a> trading. An investor borrows money from a broker to buy shares, using the balance in the investor's brokerage account as collateral. The loan increases the number of shares the investor can buy, thus multiplying the potential gains if the shares increase in value. But the risks are also multiplied. If the shares decrease in value, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp">broker</a> demands payment of the difference. In that case, the account serves as collateral if the borrower fails to cover the loss.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-collateral-property"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Is Collateral Property?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Collateral guarantees a loan, so it needs to be an item of value. For example, it can be a piece of property, such as a car or a home, or even cash that the lender can seize if the borrower does not pay.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-loans-do-not-use-an-asset-as-collateral"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Loans Do not Use an Asset as Collateral?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you don't have any collateral necessary to secure a certain type of loan, you may want to consider looking into <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unsecuredloan.asp">unsecured</a> loans, such as a personal loan or credit card (both of which don't use an asset as collateral), as an alternative.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-i-get-back-my-collateral"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do I Get Back My Collateral?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you have any assets being used as collateral on a loan and don't miss any payments, you won't lose your collateral. However, if you fail to make payments on time and ultimately default on your loan, the collateral can then be seized and sold, with the profits being used to pay off the remainder of the loan.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> You risk losing your collateral if you fail to pay back your debt. So to ensure you keep your car, home, or any other valuable asset being used as collateral on a loan, always make your payments on time to minimize any possibility of defaulting on your debt. </p></div>
## What Is Collateral? Collateral in the financial world is a valuable asset that a borrower pledges as security for a loan. For example, when a homebuyer obtains a mortgage, the home serves as the collateral for the loan. For a car loan, the vehicle is the collateral. A business that obtains financing from a bank may pledge valuable equipment or real estate owned by the business as collateral for the loan. In the event of a default, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup the loss. Other nonspecific personal loans can be [collateralized](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateralization.asp) by other assets. For instance, a secured [credit card](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditcard.asp) may be secured by a cash deposit for the same amount of the credit limit—$500 for a $500 credit limit. ### Key Takeaways * Collateral is an item of value pledged to secure a loan. * Collateral reduces the risk for lenders. * If a borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup its losses. * Mortgages and car loans are two types of collateralized loans. * Other personal assets, such as a savings or investment account, can be used to secure a collateralized personal loan. ## How Collateral Works Before a lender issues you a loan, it wants to know that you have the ability to repay it. That's why many of them require some form of security. This security is called collateral, which minimizes the [risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp) for lenders by ensuring that the borrower keeps up with their financial [obligation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/obligation.asp). The borrower has a compelling reason to repay the loan on time because if they default, they stand to lose their home or other assets pledged as collateral. Loans secured by collateral are typically available at substantially lower interest rates than unsecured loans. A lender's claim to a borrower's collateral is called a [lien](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lien.asp)—a legal right or [claim against an asset](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062415/what-difference-between-possessory-and-nonpossessory-lien.asp) to satisfy a debt. In the event that the borrower does default, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it, applying the money it gets to the unpaid portion of the loan. The lender can choose to pursue legal action against the borrower to recoup any remaining balance. ## Types of Collateral The nature of the collateral is often predetermined by the [loan type](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/07/loan_types.asp). When you take out a mortgage, your home becomes the collateral. If you take out a car loan, then the car is the collateral for the loan. The types of collateral that lenders commonly accept include cars—only if they are paid off in full—bank savings deposits, and investment accounts. [Retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement.asp) accounts are not usually accepted as collateral. You also may use future paychecks as collateral for very short-term loans, and not just from [payday lenders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payday-loans.asp). Traditional banks offer such loans, usually for terms no longer than a couple of weeks. These short-term loans are an option in a genuine emergency, but even then, you should read the [fine print](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fineprint.asp) carefully and compare rates. ### Collateralized Personal Loans Another type of borrowing is the collateralized personal loan, in which the borrower offers an item of value as [security for a loan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/borrowing-base.asp). The value of the collateral must meet or exceed the amount being loaned. Lenders will typically lend only a [percentage of the collateral's value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advancerate.asp), not 100% of its value. If you are considering a collateralized personal loan, your best choice for a lender is probably a [financial institution](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialinstitution.asp) that you already do business with, especially if your collateral is your savings account. If you already have a relationship with the bank, that bank would be more inclined to approve the loan, and you are more apt to get a decent rate for it. ### Use a financial institution with which you already have a relationship if you're considering a collateralized personal loan. ## Examples of Collateral Loans ### Residential Mortgages A mortgage is a loan in which the house is the collateral. If the homeowner stops paying the mortgage for at least 120 days, the loan servicer can begin legal proceedings, which can lead to the lender eventually taking possession of the house through [foreclosure](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreclosure.asp). [Once the property is transferred to the lender](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/other-real-estate-owned-oreo.asp), it can be sold to repay the remaining principal on the loan. ### Home Equity Loans A home may also function as collateral on a second mortgage or [home equity line of credit (HELOC)](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage/heloc/). In this case, the amount of the loan will not exceed the available equity. For example, if a home is valued at $200,000, and $125,000 remains on the primary mortgage, a second mortgage or HELOC will be available only for as much as $75,000. ### Margin Trading Collateralized loans are also a factor in [margin](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/margin.asp) trading. An investor borrows money from a broker to buy shares, using the balance in the investor's brokerage account as collateral. The loan increases the number of shares the investor can buy, thus multiplying the potential gains if the shares increase in value. But the risks are also multiplied. If the shares decrease in value, the [broker](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp) demands payment of the difference. In that case, the account serves as collateral if the borrower fails to cover the loss. ## Is Collateral Property? Collateral guarantees a loan, so it needs to be an item of value. For example, it can be a piece of property, such as a car or a home, or even cash that the lender can seize if the borrower does not pay. ## What Loans Do not Use an Asset as Collateral? If you don't have any collateral necessary to secure a certain type of loan, you may want to consider looking into [unsecured](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unsecuredloan.asp) loans, such as a personal loan or credit card (both of which don't use an asset as collateral), as an alternative. ## Do I Get Back My Collateral? If you have any assets being used as collateral on a loan and don't miss any payments, you won't lose your collateral. However, if you fail to make payments on time and ultimately default on your loan, the collateral can then be seized and sold, with the profits being used to pay off the remainder of the loan. ## The Bottom Line You risk losing your collateral if you fail to pay back your debt. So to ensure you keep your car, home, or any other valuable asset being used as collateral on a loan, always make your payments on time to minimize any possibility of defaulting on your debt.
What Is Collateral? Collateral in the financial world is a valuable asset that a borrower pledges as security for a loan. For example, when a homebuyer obtains a mortgage, the home serves as the collateral for the loan. For a car loan, the vehicle is the collateral. A business that obtains financing from a bank may pledge valuable equipment or real estate owned by the business as collateral for the loan. In the event of a default, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup the loss. Other nonspecific personal loans can be collateralized by other assets. For instance, a secured credit card may be secured by a cash deposit for the same amount of the credit limit—$500 for a $500 credit limit. Key Takeaways Collateral is an item of value pledged to secure a loan.Collateral reduces the risk for lenders.If a borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup its losses.Mortgages and car loans are two types of collateralized loans.Other personal assets, such as a savings or investment account, can be used to secure a collateralized personal loan. How Collateral Works Before a lender issues you a loan, it wants to know that you have the ability to repay it. That's why many of them require some form of security. This security is called collateral, which minimizes the risk for lenders by ensuring that the borrower keeps up with their financial obligation. The borrower has a compelling reason to repay the loan on time because if they default, they stand to lose their home or other assets pledged as collateral. Loans secured by collateral are typically available at substantially lower interest rates than unsecured loans. A lender's claim to a borrower's collateral is called a lien—a legal right or claim against an asset to satisfy a debt. In the event that the borrower does default, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it, applying the money it gets to the unpaid portion of the loan. The lender can choose to pursue legal action against the borrower to recoup any remaining balance. Types of Collateral The nature of the collateral is often predetermined by the loan type. When you take out a mortgage, your home becomes the collateral. If you take out a car loan, then the car is the collateral for the loan. The types of collateral that lenders commonly accept include cars—only if they are paid off in full—bank savings deposits, and investment accounts. Retirement accounts are not usually accepted as collateral. You also may use future paychecks as collateral for very short-term loans, and not just from payday lenders. Traditional banks offer such loans, usually for terms no longer than a couple of weeks. These short-term loans are an option in a genuine emergency, but even then, you should read the fine print carefully and compare rates. Collateralized Personal Loans Another type of borrowing is the collateralized personal loan, in which the borrower offers an item of value as security for a loan. The value of the collateral must meet or exceed the amount being loaned. Lenders will typically lend only a percentage of the collateral's value, not 100% of its value. If you are considering a collateralized personal loan, your best choice for a lender is probably a financial institution that you already do business with, especially if your collateral is your savings account. If you already have a relationship with the bank, that bank would be more inclined to approve the loan, and you are more apt to get a decent rate for it. Use a financial institution with which you already have a relationship if you're considering a collateralized personal loan. Examples of Collateral Loans Residential Mortgages A mortgage is a loan in which the house is the collateral. If the homeowner stops paying the mortgage for at least 120 days, the loan servicer can begin legal proceedings, which can lead to the lender eventually taking possession of the house through foreclosure. Once the property is transferred to the lender, it can be sold to repay the remaining principal on the loan. Home Equity Loans A home may also function as collateral on a second mortgage or home equity line of credit (HELOC). In this case, the amount of the loan will not exceed the available equity. For example, if a home is valued at $200,000, and $125,000 remains on the primary mortgage, a second mortgage or HELOC will be available only for as much as $75,000. Margin Trading Collateralized loans are also a factor in margin trading. An investor borrows money from a broker to buy shares, using the balance in the investor's brokerage account as collateral. The loan increases the number of shares the investor can buy, thus multiplying the potential gains if the shares increase in value. But the risks are also multiplied. If the shares decrease in value, the broker demands payment of the difference. In that case, the account serves as collateral if the borrower fails to cover the loss. Is Collateral Property? Collateral guarantees a loan, so it needs to be an item of value. For example, it can be a piece of property, such as a car or a home, or even cash that the lender can seize if the borrower does not pay. What Loans Do not Use an Asset as Collateral? If you don't have any collateral necessary to secure a certain type of loan, you may want to consider looking into unsecured loans, such as a personal loan or credit card (both of which don't use an asset as collateral), as an alternative. Do I Get Back My Collateral? If you have any assets being used as collateral on a loan and don't miss any payments, you won't lose your collateral. However, if you fail to make payments on time and ultimately default on your loan, the collateral can then be seized and sold, with the profits being used to pay off the remainder of the loan. The Bottom Line You risk losing your collateral if you fail to pay back your debt. So to ensure you keep your car, home, or any other valuable asset being used as collateral on a loan, always make your payments on time to minimize any possibility of defaulting on your debt.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/canceled-check.asp
Canceled Check Definition and How to Get a Copy
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-canceled-check"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Canceled Check? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A canceled check is a check that has been paid or cleared by the bank it was drawn on after it has been deposited or cashed. The check is "canceled" after it's been used or paid so that the check cannot be used again. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Somebody who has written a check may also cancel it before it has been deposited or cashed by alerting the issuing bank, thus <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-void-a-check-4797998">voiding the check</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A canceled check is one that has been cleared by cashing or depositing it, rendering the check null and void for further transactions.</li><li>A canceled check indicates that the clearing process has been completed, so canceled checks can be used as proof of payment.</li><li>A check may also be canceled by its writer before it has been cashed by alerting the issuing bank.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-canceled-checks"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Canceled Checks </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> A canceled check has been paid after going through a check clearing process. The check is canceled once the money has been drawn from the bank the check was written on or the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/drawee.asp">drawee</a>. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payee.asp">payee</a> is the person the check is written to, and the payee's bank receives the deposit. The process of a canceled check includes the following: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <li>The payee, or the person the check is written to, signs the back of the check.</li> <li>The check is deposited into the payee's bank account.</li> <li>The payee's bank notifies the drawee's bank, and the transaction goes through the system of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/061515/what-do-federal-reserve-banks-do.asp">Federal Reserve Bank</a>.</li> <li>The drawee's bank (or the bank the check was written from) pays the payee's bank the funds if there are sufficient funds in the payor's account.</li> <li>The payee's bank deposits the cash or makes the funds in the deposit "available" for withdrawal.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Today, nearly all checks are cleared through the Federal Reserve Banking system electronically even in cases when the deposit is a paper check. The deposit and check clearing process is still performed, but the paper check almost never leaves the facility where it is deposited.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Instead, a special scanner creates a digital impression of the front and back of the check, which it sends to the other bank. When the check finally clears the account of the payor or the person who wrote it, it's considered canceled. In short, a canceled check means the clearing process has finished, and the check cannot be reused. As a result, canceled checks can be used as proof of payment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-customer-access-to-canceled-checks-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Customer Access to Canceled Checks Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Traditionally, canceled checks were returned to checking account holders with their monthly statements. That is now rare, and most check writers receive scanned copies of their canceled checks, while the banks create digital copies for safekeeping.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> In most cases, customers who utilize the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-banks-5190371">best online banks</a> can also access copies of their canceled checks via the web. While many banks charge for paper copies of canceled checks, customers can typically print copies from the bank's website for free. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-a-canceled-check"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of a Canceled Check </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Let's say Lee writes a check to David. David takes the check to his bank and deposits it. The bank may credit David's account in the amount of the check automatically or may delay clearing the deposit. David's bank may make a portion of the funds available to David until the check clears through Lee's bank. David's bank sends the check electronically to Lee's bank. Lee's bank debits Lee's account for the amount of the check, sends the funds to David's bank, and stamps the check as canceled. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>A canceled check means the clearing process is finished, and the check cannot be reused<em>. </em>As a result, canceled checks can be used as proof of payment.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-canceled-checks-vs-returned-checks"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Canceled Checks vs. Returned Checks </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> While a canceled check is honored by the bank, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bouncedcheck.asp">a returned check</a> is a check that did not clear the payor's bank, and as a result, the funds would not be made available to the payee or the depositor. There are a few reasons a check can be marked as returned for which the most common is insufficient funds in the payor's account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> However, the check can be returned for other reasons, including: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <li>The date the check was written was longer than six months ago.</li><li>The payor's account is closed.</li><li>The person who wrote the check doesn't have signing authority to write checks for the account.</li><li>A stop payment order was placed on the check.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> If someone writes a check and there is not enough money in the account to cover it, the bank may return the check to the payee. Typically, a fee is charged to the payee by the payee's bank, and the payor's bank charges a fee to the payor's account for writing a check that ultimately bounced due to non-sufficient funds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-you-cancel-a-check"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do You Cancel a Check?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you need to cancel a check you've written before it is cashed, you have a few options. If you still have the check in your possession, you can write "void" across the front of the check in large letters. If you no longer have the check, you can contact your bank to request a stop payment. Some banks will accept a stop payment request over the phone, while others will require written notice.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> Be sure to provide your account and routing numbers as well as the check number and amount.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-you-get-a-canceled-check"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do You Get a Canceled Check?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>When you need a copy of a canceled check, contact your bank or credit union. If you have access to mobile banking, you may be able to log in to your account, search for the check among your transactions, and print or view a copy. You may also receive photocopies of your canceled checks along with your monthly banking statement, or you might need to request a copy from the bank directly. Some banks will charge for copies of canceled checks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-whats-the-difference-between-a-cleared-check-and-a-canceled-check"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What's the Difference Between a Cleared Check and a Canceled Check?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>With a cleared check, the funds have been successfully cleared, or moved, from the payor's account to the payee's account. When a check has cleared, it is then canceled to prevent it from being used again.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> Canceled checks are an important part of the check settlement process. They mark the successful settlement of a check transaction. You can cancel a check yourself by voiding it or requesting a stop payment from your bank. To get a copy of a check that has been canceled, you'll usually need to request it from your bank directly or access it via your mobile banking account. </p></div>
## What Is a Canceled Check? A canceled check is a check that has been paid or cleared by the bank it was drawn on after it has been deposited or cashed. The check is "canceled" after it's been used or paid so that the check cannot be used again. Somebody who has written a check may also cancel it before it has been deposited or cashed by alerting the issuing bank, thus [voiding the check](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-void-a-check-4797998). ### Key Takeaways * A canceled check is one that has been cleared by cashing or depositing it, rendering the check null and void for further transactions. * A canceled check indicates that the clearing process has been completed, so canceled checks can be used as proof of payment. * A check may also be canceled by its writer before it has been cashed by alerting the issuing bank. ## Understanding Canceled Checks A canceled check has been paid after going through a check clearing process. The check is canceled once the money has been drawn from the bank the check was written on or the [drawee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/drawee.asp). The [payee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payee.asp) is the person the check is written to, and the payee's bank receives the deposit. The process of a canceled check includes the following: * The payee, or the person the check is written to, signs the back of the check. * The check is deposited into the payee's bank account. * The payee's bank notifies the drawee's bank, and the transaction goes through the system of the [Federal Reserve Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/061515/what-do-federal-reserve-banks-do.asp). * The drawee's bank (or the bank the check was written from) pays the payee's bank the funds if there are sufficient funds in the payor's account. * The payee's bank deposits the cash or makes the funds in the deposit "available" for withdrawal. Today, nearly all checks are cleared through the Federal Reserve Banking system electronically even in cases when the deposit is a paper check. The deposit and check clearing process is still performed, but the paper check almost never leaves the facility where it is deposited. Instead, a special scanner creates a digital impression of the front and back of the check, which it sends to the other bank. When the check finally clears the account of the payor or the person who wrote it, it's considered canceled. In short, a canceled check means the clearing process has finished, and the check cannot be reused. As a result, canceled checks can be used as proof of payment. ## How Customer Access to Canceled Checks Works Traditionally, canceled checks were returned to checking account holders with their monthly statements. That is now rare, and most check writers receive scanned copies of their canceled checks, while the banks create digital copies for safekeeping. In most cases, customers who utilize the [best online banks](https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-banks-5190371) can also access copies of their canceled checks via the web. While many banks charge for paper copies of canceled checks, customers can typically print copies from the bank's website for free. ## Example of a Canceled Check Let's say Lee writes a check to David. David takes the check to his bank and deposits it. The bank may credit David's account in the amount of the check automatically or may delay clearing the deposit. David's bank may make a portion of the funds available to David until the check clears through Lee's bank. David's bank sends the check electronically to Lee's bank. Lee's bank debits Lee's account for the amount of the check, sends the funds to David's bank, and stamps the check as canceled. ### A canceled check means the clearing process is finished, and the check cannot be reused*.* As a result, canceled checks can be used as proof of payment. ## Canceled Checks vs. Returned Checks While a canceled check is honored by the bank, [a returned check](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bouncedcheck.asp) is a check that did not clear the payor's bank, and as a result, the funds would not be made available to the payee or the depositor. There are a few reasons a check can be marked as returned for which the most common is insufficient funds in the payor's account. However, the check can be returned for other reasons, including: * The date the check was written was longer than six months ago. * The payor's account is closed. * The person who wrote the check doesn't have signing authority to write checks for the account. * A stop payment order was placed on the check. If someone writes a check and there is not enough money in the account to cover it, the bank may return the check to the payee. Typically, a fee is charged to the payee by the payee's bank, and the payor's bank charges a fee to the payor's account for writing a check that ultimately bounced due to non-sufficient funds. ## How Do You Cancel a Check? If you need to cancel a check you've written before it is cashed, you have a few options. If you still have the check in your possession, you can write "void" across the front of the check in large letters. If you no longer have the check, you can contact your bank to request a stop payment. Some banks will accept a stop payment request over the phone, while others will require written notice. Be sure to provide your account and routing numbers as well as the check number and amount. ## How Do You Get a Canceled Check? When you need a copy of a canceled check, contact your bank or credit union. If you have access to mobile banking, you may be able to log in to your account, search for the check among your transactions, and print or view a copy. You may also receive photocopies of your canceled checks along with your monthly banking statement, or you might need to request a copy from the bank directly. Some banks will charge for copies of canceled checks. ## What's the Difference Between a Cleared Check and a Canceled Check? With a cleared check, the funds have been successfully cleared, or moved, from the payor's account to the payee's account. When a check has cleared, it is then canceled to prevent it from being used again. ## The Bottom Line Canceled checks are an important part of the check settlement process. They mark the successful settlement of a check transaction. You can cancel a check yourself by voiding it or requesting a stop payment from your bank. To get a copy of a check that has been canceled, you'll usually need to request it from your bank directly or access it via your mobile banking account.
What Is a Canceled Check? A canceled check is a check that has been paid or cleared by the bank it was drawn on after it has been deposited or cashed. The check is "canceled" after it's been used or paid so that the check cannot be used again. Somebody who has written a check may also cancel it before it has been deposited or cashed by alerting the issuing bank, thus voiding the check. Key Takeaways A canceled check is one that has been cleared by cashing or depositing it, rendering the check null and void for further transactions.A canceled check indicates that the clearing process has been completed, so canceled checks can be used as proof of payment.A check may also be canceled by its writer before it has been cashed by alerting the issuing bank. Understanding Canceled Checks A canceled check has been paid after going through a check clearing process. The check is canceled once the money has been drawn from the bank the check was written on or the drawee. The payee is the person the check is written to, and the payee's bank receives the deposit. The process of a canceled check includes the following: The payee, or the person the check is written to, signs the back of the check. The check is deposited into the payee's bank account. The payee's bank notifies the drawee's bank, and the transaction goes through the system of the Federal Reserve Bank. The drawee's bank (or the bank the check was written from) pays the payee's bank the funds if there are sufficient funds in the payor's account. The payee's bank deposits the cash or makes the funds in the deposit "available" for withdrawal. Today, nearly all checks are cleared through the Federal Reserve Banking system electronically even in cases when the deposit is a paper check. The deposit and check clearing process is still performed, but the paper check almost never leaves the facility where it is deposited. Instead, a special scanner creates a digital impression of the front and back of the check, which it sends to the other bank. When the check finally clears the account of the payor or the person who wrote it, it's considered canceled. In short, a canceled check means the clearing process has finished, and the check cannot be reused. As a result, canceled checks can be used as proof of payment. How Customer Access to Canceled Checks Works Traditionally, canceled checks were returned to checking account holders with their monthly statements. That is now rare, and most check writers receive scanned copies of their canceled checks, while the banks create digital copies for safekeeping. In most cases, customers who utilize the best online banks can also access copies of their canceled checks via the web. While many banks charge for paper copies of canceled checks, customers can typically print copies from the bank's website for free. Example of a Canceled Check Let's say Lee writes a check to David. David takes the check to his bank and deposits it. The bank may credit David's account in the amount of the check automatically or may delay clearing the deposit. David's bank may make a portion of the funds available to David until the check clears through Lee's bank. David's bank sends the check electronically to Lee's bank. Lee's bank debits Lee's account for the amount of the check, sends the funds to David's bank, and stamps the check as canceled. A canceled check means the clearing process is finished, and the check cannot be reused. As a result, canceled checks can be used as proof of payment. Canceled Checks vs. Returned Checks While a canceled check is honored by the bank, a returned check is a check that did not clear the payor's bank, and as a result, the funds would not be made available to the payee or the depositor. There are a few reasons a check can be marked as returned for which the most common is insufficient funds in the payor's account. However, the check can be returned for other reasons, including: The date the check was written was longer than six months ago.The payor's account is closed.The person who wrote the check doesn't have signing authority to write checks for the account.A stop payment order was placed on the check. If someone writes a check and there is not enough money in the account to cover it, the bank may return the check to the payee. Typically, a fee is charged to the payee by the payee's bank, and the payor's bank charges a fee to the payor's account for writing a check that ultimately bounced due to non-sufficient funds. How Do You Cancel a Check? If you need to cancel a check you've written before it is cashed, you have a few options. If you still have the check in your possession, you can write "void" across the front of the check in large letters. If you no longer have the check, you can contact your bank to request a stop payment. Some banks will accept a stop payment request over the phone, while others will require written notice. Be sure to provide your account and routing numbers as well as the check number and amount. How Do You Get a Canceled Check? When you need a copy of a canceled check, contact your bank or credit union. If you have access to mobile banking, you may be able to log in to your account, search for the check among your transactions, and print or view a copy. You may also receive photocopies of your canceled checks along with your monthly banking statement, or you might need to request a copy from the bank directly. Some banks will charge for copies of canceled checks. What's the Difference Between a Cleared Check and a Canceled Check? With a cleared check, the funds have been successfully cleared, or moved, from the payor's account to the payee's account. When a check has cleared, it is then canceled to prevent it from being used again. The Bottom Line Canceled checks are an important part of the check settlement process. They mark the successful settlement of a check transaction. You can cancel a check yourself by voiding it or requesting a stop payment from your bank. To get a copy of a check that has been canceled, you'll usually need to request it from your bank directly or access it via your mobile banking account.
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https://www.investopedia.com/investing/complete-guide-choosing-online-stock-broker/
The Complete Guide to Choosing an Online Stock Broker
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Profitable investing requires you use a brokerage service that aligns with your investing goals, educational needs and learning style. Especially for new investors, selecting the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-brokers-4587872" rel="noopener noreferrer">best online stock broker</a> that fits your needs can mean the difference between an exciting new income stream and frustrating disappointment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> While there’s no sure-fire way to guarantee <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/10/guide-to-calculating-roi.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">investment returns</a>, there is a way to set yourself up for success by selecting the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/broker-awards-4587871" rel="noopener noreferrer">online brokerage</a> that best suits your needs. In this guide, we’ll break down everything you should look for in your ideal <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brokerage-company.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">brokerage</a>, from the obvious (like whether or not the platform allows you to trade the securities you’re interested in) to the not-so-obvious (like how easy it is to get support from an actual human when you need it). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Access to the financial markets is easy and inexpensive thanks to a variety of discount brokers that operate through online platforms.</li><li>Different online brokers are optimized for a different type of client—from long-term buy-and-hold novices to active and sophisticated day traders.</li><li>Choosing the right online broker requires some due diligence to get the most for your money. </li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-1-know-your-needs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 1: Know Your Needs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Before you start clicking on brokerage ads, take a moment to hone in on what's most important to you in a trading platform. The answer will be slightly different <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/brokerage-account-vs-roth-ira-5222244">depending on your investment goals</a> and where you are in the investment learning curve. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> If you’re just starting out, you may prioritize features like basic educational resources, comprehensive glossaries, easy access to support staff, and the ability to place practice trades before you start playing with real money. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> If you have some investment experience already under your belt, but you're looking to get serious, you may want more high-level education and opinion-based resources authored by professional investors and analysts, as well as a good selection of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/difference-between-fundamental-and-technical-analysis/">fundamental and technical data</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> A truly experienced <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp">investor</a>, perhaps someone that’s executed hundreds of trades already but is looking for a new brokerage, is going to prioritize advanced charting capabilities, conditional order options, and the ability to trade derivatives, mutual funds, commodities, and fixed-income securities, as well as stocks. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Be honest with yourself about where you are right now<em> </em>in your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/steps-successful-investment-journey/">investing journey</a> and where you want to go. Are you looking to establish a retirement fund and focus on passive <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/11/3-s-simple-investing.asp">investments</a> that will generate tax-free income in an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp">IRA</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k)</a>? Do you want to try your hand at day-trading but don’t know where to start? Do you like the idea of tweaking and tailoring your own portfolio, or are you willing to pay a professional to ensure it’s done right? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Depending on which path you want to follow, there may be many more questions you’ll need to answer along the way as you gain experience and refine your goals. For now, however, start with these four crucial considerations to help you determine which of the brokerage features we discuss below will be most important to you. To help get those analytical juices flowing, we’ve included several sample questions under each broader topic: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Are You an Active or Passive Investor? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Do you want to be super hands-on and execute <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/daytrader.asp">day</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swingtrading.asp">swing</a> trades? Do you see yourself eventually leaving the 9-to-5 grind and becoming a full-time investor? Or, instead, do you want to find a few solid investments to hold for the long haul with little or no day-to-day interaction? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Kind of Trades Do You Want to Execute? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Are you going to be the type of investor who knows what they want to do and just needs a platform that makes it easy and quick to execute trades, or do you want a broker with a broader range of resources to help you identify opportunities? What kind of securities are you focused on? <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp">Stocks</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp">mutual funds</a>, ETFs? If you are more advanced, do you also want to trade options, futures, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp">fixed-income securities</a>? What about margin trading? Do you need access to conditional orders, extended-hours trading, and automated trading options? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Kind of Help Do You Want? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Do you want to go the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diy-investing.asp">DIY</a> route, learn how to interpret charts and financial data to find and execute your own trades, or would you prefer to hire a pro? If you want to do it yourself, where are you on the learning curve? What sort of resources will you need to further your knowledge? Will you need easy access to support personnel, or are you able to learn what you need to know through online educational resources? Are you happy to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-invest-online-5215204">execute trades online</a>, or will you want to call in to have a broker assist you with the process? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Are Your Investing Goals? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Why are you choosing to invest? Are you trying to supplement your regular income to improve your current standard of living? Is there a specific event or expense you want to fund? Do you intend for this to eventually become your primary income source? Are you trying to build up retirement savings and, if so, do you already have a retirement account or will you want to open a new one with your chosen brokerage? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> There are no wrong answers to these questions. Be honest with yourself about how much time, energy, and effort you're willing and able to put into your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">investments</a>. Your answers may change over time, and that’s ok. Don’t try to anticipate all your needs and goals for the rest of your life. Just start with where you are right now. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-2-narrow-the-field"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 2: Narrow the Field </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> Now that you have a clear idea of what your investment goals are and what basic services you’ll look for in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-vs-fidelity-4587939">your ideal brokerage</a>, it’s time to whittle down your options a bit. While there are certain brokerage features that will be more important for some investors than for others, there are a few things any reputable online brokerage should have. With such a wide range of available options, checking on these basic necessities is a great way to narrow the field quickly. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-stock-broker-regulation-and-trust"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Stock Broker Regulation and Trust </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is the Brokerage a Member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC)? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> There will typically be some kind of notation or disclaimer at the bottom of the home page. You can quickly look up the brokerage on the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.sipc.org/list-of-members" rel="noopener noreferrer">SIPC website</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is the Brokerage a Member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> This should also be very clearly noted in an easy-to-find location. You can look up brokerages on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://brokercheck.finra.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer">FINRA's BrokerCheck website</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is the Brokerage Covered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> Investment products—such as brokerage or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp">retirement accounts</a> that invest in stocks, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bond.asp">bonds</a>, options, and annuities—are not <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp">FDIC</a> insured, because the value of investments cannot be guaranteed. If the brokerage offers CDs, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarketaccount.asp">Money Market Deposit Accounts</a> (MMDAs), checking, or savings accounts, however, they should be fully backed by the FDIC.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Kind of Insurance Do They Provide to Protect You in Case the Company Fails? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> As a member of the SIPC, the company should have insurance with a per-customer limit of at least $500,000, with $250,000 available for cash claims.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> If the company adheres to the Customer Protection Rule, it should also provide additional coverage above and beyond the basic requirements of the SIPC. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is There Any Kind of Guarantee of Protection Against Fraud? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> Will the company reimburse you for losses resulting from fraud? Make sure you double-check what the brokerage requires of you in order for you to be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reimbursement.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">reimbursed</a>. Find out if you have to provide any documentation or take specific precautions to protect yourself. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Are Current Customers Saying? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> Try searching online for consumer reviews of the brokerage, using keywords like "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance_claim.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">insurance claim</a>," "fraud protection" and "customer service." Of course, online reviews should typically be taken with a grain of salt – some people just like to complain. However, if there are several users from different sites all lodging the same complaint then you may want to investigate further. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-online-security-and-account-protection"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Online Security and Account Protection </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> It’s important to know how well a brokerage helps you protect your information. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Brokerage Website Offer Two-Factor Authentication? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Do you have the option of activating a security feature in addition to your password? Common options can include answering security questions, receiving unique, time-sensitive codes via text or email, or using a physical security key that slots into your USB port. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Kind of Technology Does the Broker Use to Keep Your Account Safe? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> Find out if the broker uses encryption or "cookies," and if it clearly explains how it uses them to protect your account information and how they work. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Company Ever Sell Customer Information to Third-Parties (like Advertisers)? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> The answer should definitely be no. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-brokerage-account-offerings"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Brokerage Account Offerings </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Since the types of tools you need will depend on your goals, you should also do a quick check for the following items to weed out brokerages that simply won’t meet your needs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Kinds of Accounts Does the Broker Offer Besides Standard (Taxable) Investment Accounts? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> For example, if you have dependents, find out if you can open an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coverdellesa.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Education Savings Account</a> (ESA) or a custodial account for your child or other dependents. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can You Open a Retirement Account? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> Look into whether the broker offers Roth or traditional retirement accounts and if you can roll over an existing 401k or IRA. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Are There Different Products for Different Investing Goals? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> For example, find out if the broker offers managed accounts. Also, find out if there investment minimums for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/multiple-brokerage-accounts-pros-cons-5213275">different types of accounts</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can You Manage Retirement Accounts for Employees Through the Brokerage? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> This may apply if you’re a small business owner. These types of accounts include SIMPLE or SEP IRAs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Brokerage Offer Self-Directed IRAs or Solo 401k Options? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"> This applies if the only employee in your small business is you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-3-figure-out-the-fees"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 3: Figure Out the Fees </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> While there may be other things that matter more to you than fees, you should start out with a pretty clear idea of how much you’ll pay to use any particular brokerage. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> For some, a small premium may be justifiable if the platform offers features that its cheaper competitors lack. In general, however, you want to lose as little of your investment returns as possible to accounting fees and trading commissions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"> By starting with the bottom line, you can easily determine which stockbrokers are too pricey to consider and which simply aren’t compatible with the type of investment activity you’re focused on. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-broker-account-fees"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Broker Account Fees </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Broker Charge a Fee for Opening an Account? </span> </h3> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is There a Deposit Minimum? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> Bear in mind that mutual funds often have investment minimums of $1,000 or more, but that’s not the same as a brokerage requiring that you deposit a minimum amount of cash just to open an account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Are There Any Annual or Monthly Account Maintenance Fees? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> If so, are they waived for larger accounts or is there an easy way to avoid them even if your account balance is small? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Broker Offer Access to a Trading Platform as Part of Their Free Membership? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"> If you’re just starting out, the free platform may suit your needs perfectly. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is There a Pro or Advanced Trading Platform That Is Pay-to-Play? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"> If you're a more advanced investor, it’s important to know whether or not you’ll need to pay to upgrade your account to access tools and resources that are up to your speed. Some advanced platforms are free for customers who agree to place a minimum number of trades per year or invest a minimum amount. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Are the Margin Rates? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"> Margin trading is only for very experienced investors who understand the risks involved. If you’re a new investor, this point won’t apply to you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_110-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What’s the Minimum Loan Amount and Account Balance? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"> Most brokerages will offer lower interest rates for larger amounts, but don’t let that be the reason you borrow more than you should. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-trading-commissions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Trading Commissions </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Do Trading Commissions Depend on How Much You Have Invested Through the Brokerage or How Often You Trade? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_115-0"> For example, some brokerages determine trading commissions based on the account size, while others offer a reduced commission to customers who trade a certain volume per quarter.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_116-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_117-0"> Make sure you look at the prices that will most likely apply to you based on your anticipated account balance and trading activity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_118-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_119-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Are There Different Commission Rates for Different Securities? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_120-0"> If you plan on trading more than stocks, make sure you know what the fees are to trade options, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/08/how-to-buy-a-bond.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">bonds</a>, futures, or other securities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_121-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_122-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Is the Minimum Investment for Mutual Funds or ETFs? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_123-0"> Make sure that mutual funds that allow you to buy and sell for free (often called No Transaction Fee, or NTF, funds) don’t charge other types of fees instead. Mutual funds often come with a number of different kinds of expenses, some of which can sneak up on you. Make sure you review the prospectus of any fund you’re considering to ensure you understand all the costs involved. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_124-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_125-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Brokerage Offer Any Free or Reduced-Price Trades? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_126-0"> The number of ‘bonus’ trades you receive may depend on your account balance, so make sure you check on what’s offered for the account level that would apply to you. Also, be sure to check on what kinds of trades qualify for the discount—if it's just for stocks and if ETFs, options, or fixed-income securities count. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_127-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_128-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is the Commission Schedule Conducive to the Kind of Trading You’d Be Doing? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_129-0"> Some brokerages increase their commission rates after a certain number of trades. If this is the case, customers that focus on passive, buy-and-hold investing reap the most benefits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_130-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_131-0"> Conversely, some brokerages offer reduced commissions after a certain number of trades in any given quarter, so active traders are rewarded for using the platform more often. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_132-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_133-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> If the Broker Offers Advisory Services, How Much Do They Cost? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_134-0"> If you’re not looking to manage your own portfolio for whatever reason, make sure you pay attention to advisor fees very closely. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_135-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-4-test-the-brokers-platform"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_136-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 4: Test the Broker's Platform </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_137-0"> While any brokerage should have a pretty decent description of what kinds of tools and resources their trading platform offers, sometimes the best way to assess platform quality is to give it a test drive. For brokers that allow you to open an account for free, it may even be worth the effort to go through the signup process just to access the trading platform if that’s what’s necessary. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_138-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_139-0"> Whether the brokerage has a web-based platform that anyone can access or a free downloadable platform that requires no-strings signup, do what you can to access the tools you’d actually use for free. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_140-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_141-0"> Even if you’re a more advanced trader, and there’s no free way to play around with "Pro" tools, you can get a good idea of the quality of a brokerage’s offerings just by looking at its basic suite. If there’s nothing in the standard platform that seems promising, it’s unlikely the advanced platform will be worth your time either. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_142-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_143-0"> On the other hand, some companies offer a huge array of tools and resources with their free products, so don’t write off brokerages with only one platform just yet. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_144-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_145-0"> We’ve already spent a good amount of time narrowing down your choices based on price and basic account offerings. Now that we’ve finally gotten to the fun stuff, make sure you spend time looking at the features available in multiple areas. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_146-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_147-0"> Go through the motions of placing a trade to see how smoothly the process operates. Pull up multiple quotes for stocks and other securities, and click on every tab to see what kind of data the platform provides. You should also check out any available screeners or other tools provided to help you find investments that meet specific criteria. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_148-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-questions-to-answer-while-testing-platforms"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_149-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Questions to Answer While Testing Platforms </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_150-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Types of Securities Can You Trade on the Platform? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_151-0"> You should already have ruled out any platforms that don’t allow you to trade the securities you’re interested in. Make sure this platform automatically allows you to trade preferred shares, IPOs, options, futures, or fixed-income securities. If you don’t see particular security on the platform, but you know that the brokerage supports it, try looking in your account settings, or doing a quick search, to see how you can activate those features and learn about permission requirements. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_152-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_153-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Are Quotes in Real-Time? Are They Streaming? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_154-0"> There will be multiple ways you can pull up a price quote for a given security, but not all of them will provide the most up-to-date data. Make sure you are aware of where you can find real-time streaming information to ensure your trades are well-timed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_155-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_156-0"> Vanguard’s web-based platform, for example, provides real-time data in its Ticker Profile pages, but it requires manual refreshing. Simple quote-level data is delayed by 20 minutes or more. Schwab’s online quotes also require manual refreshing, but the downloadable StreetSmart Edge platform and its cloud-based counterpart both offer real-time streaming data. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_157-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_158-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can You Set Up Customized Watchlists and Alerts? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_159-0"> If you’re going to be a more active trader, you’ll likely want to be able to receive alert notifications via text, in addition to email, and set up multiple watchlists based on different criteria. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_160-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_161-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Platform Provide Screeners That You Can Customize to Find Stocks, ETFs, Mutual Funds, or Other Securities? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_162-0"> Even if you’re brand new and have no idea what any of the options actually mean, play around with the various parameters to get an idea of how easy the tools are to use. A good platform will be intuitively organized and easy to operate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_163-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_164-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Kinds of Orders Can You Place? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_165-0"> Go through the motions of placing a trade and take a look at what types of orders are offered. A basic platform should offer at least market, limit, stop, and stop limit. A better platform will also allow you to place trailing stop orders, or market-on-close orders (which execute at the price the security reaches at the market closing). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_166-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_167-0"> If you're looking to make relatively few trades, and you’re not interested in day or swing trading, a basic selection of order types should be fine. If you’re looking to get into the nitty-gritty of stock trading, however, you should look for a wider selection. If you're more advanced, you should look for the ability to place conditional orders that allow you to set up multiple trades with specific triggers that will execute automatically when your specified conditions are met. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_168-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_169-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Do You Have Control Over Order Timing and Execution of Trades? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_170-0"> A basic platform should at least allow you to place trades that are good-for-day (meaning they can be executed at any time during trading hours) or good-until-canceled (which keeps the order for up to 60 days until it is executed or you cancel it). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_171-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_172-0"> A more advanced platform will allow you to place limit orders with some more variability, such as fill-or-kill (which automatically cancels the order if it is not entirely filled immediately) or Immediate or cancel (which automatically cancels the order if it isn’t at least partially filled right away). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_173-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_174-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can You Trade in Extended Hours? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_175-0"> Stock and ETF trades take place outside of normal market hours of 9:30 a.m. – 4 p.m. EST, the in pre-market and after-hours periods. Each brokerage has its own definition of the specific time periods these Extended Hours sessions occupy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_176-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_177-0"> Not all platforms allow you to trade during extended hours, and some only allow trading during after hours, but not during pre-market hours. You may be charged a fee for extended hours trading, so make sure you review the terms of those trades to make sure you aren’t caught unawares. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_178-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_179-0"> Again, for new investors, this feature may not be too important. For more advanced traders or those who are looking to be very active, however, reviewing a brokerage’s extended hours trading policy is crucial. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_180-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-charting-features"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_181-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Charting Features </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_182-0"> Now that you’ve played around with the platform a bit, take a look at the charting capabilities to explore the tools at your disposal. Pay attention to what kinds of data you can plot, how easy it is to switch between charting technical studies and reviewing fundamental or market data, and what you can customize and save for later reference. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_183-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_184-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Technical Indicators Are Available on the Chart? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_185-0"> In general, the more the better. At the very least, you should be able to plot basic indicators like volume, RSI, simple moving averages, Bollinger bands, MACD, and stochastics. If any of these basic indicators are missing, it’s time to move on. You should also be able to plot at least a few company events, like earnings reports, stock splits, and dividend payments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_186-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_187-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can You Compare Different Stocks and Indices on the Same Chart? </span> </h3> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_188-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Can you Draw on the Chart to Create Trend Lines, Free-form Diagrams, Fibonacci Circles, and Arcs, or Other Mark-Ups? </span> </h3> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_189-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Platform Have a Trading Journal or Other Means of Saving Your Work? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_190-0"> Whether you’re learning how to read charts or are a professional trader who takes notes to keep yourself on track, having a way to customize and store your charts is a hugely useful tool. Related questions include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_191-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_192-0"> <li>In addition to creating trend lines, are you able to draw on the chart simply to highlight important events so you can remember what to review later?</li><li>Can you save your charts after you’ve customized them?</li><li>Can you make notes for later reference?</li><li>Can those notes be placed on<em> </em>the chart to make sure you know what they apply to when you look at them later?</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_193-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_194-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Other Options </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_195-0"> Remember that some of these options may only be available on a Pro or Advanced platform. If you’re an advanced active trader, you’ll likely want a broker that offers all of these options. If you’re a more passive trader, or you’re just not looking to pay a premium for bells and whistles you’re not ready for, sticking to a free basic platform is just fine. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_196-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_197-0"> <li>Can you automate trades through customized rules or imported algorithms? </li><li>Can the platform be customized to recognize specific chart patterns for prices, indicators, and oscillators?</li><li>Can you set up alerts to notify you when the platform finds a matching pattern?</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_198-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_199-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Website or Platform Allow Paper Trading? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_200-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/papertrade.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Paper trading</a> is a way for investors to practice placing and executing trades without actually using money. It’s a great way for aspiring active investors to practice and for investors of all experience levels to test out new strategies and hone their skills without risking losses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_201-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_202-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Platform Allow Backtesting? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_203-0"> Another way to test out strategies and get comfortable with the process before putting cash on the line, backtesting allows you to simulate a trade based on the historical performance of your chosen security. It’s a way of placing a hypothetical, retroactive trade and then seeing what would<em> </em>have happened had you executed it in real life. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_204-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-5-how-well-does-the-stock-broker-educate-its-clients"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_205-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 5: How Well Does the Stock Broker Educate Its Clients? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_206-0"> While a useful and useable trading platform is crucial, you should also take the time to peruse the brokerage’s educational offerings and try out the search function. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_207-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_208-0"> If you're a new investor, you need to be able to search for terms you don’t know or find advice on how to interpret data. If there’s a topic you’ve been wondering about or a metric you don’t completely understand, do a trial run using the search function and see if you can find the information you need quickly and efficiently. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_209-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_210-0"> Remember, what’s intuitive and user-friendly for one investor may be a nightmarish maze of fruitless search queries for another, so it’s important to find a platform that you can work with. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_211-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_212-0"> Once you’ve spent 20 minutes or so cruising a platform, you should be able to answer the following questions pretty easily. If you can’t, and a quick search of the site for specific answers doesn’t yield the necessary information, it’s likely a sign that the brokerage’s platform is not for you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_213-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-stock-brokers-quality-and-usability"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_214-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Stock Broker's Quality and Usability </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_215-0"> All the educational resources in the world are useless if you can’t access them easily. A good platform or website should provide a wide range of educational offerings, in multiple mediums, to make sure customers are able to quickly and easily find the information they need in a format that works for their learning style. Before we dive into the specific types of educational resources you should expect from a good brokerage, let’s first make sure those resources are user-friendly. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_216-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_217-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What Types of Educational Offerings Does the Broker Provide? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_218-0"> Whether it offers videos, podcasts, user forums, or written articles, the format needs to work for you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_219-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_220-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Where Does the Information Come From? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_221-0"> If the broker syndicates work from other sites, make sure those sites are reputable. If the site has a blog or other contributor content, then make sure the contributing authors have experience and authority you can trust. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_222-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_223-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Easy and Intuitive Is the Site or Platform to Navigate? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_224-0"> Make sure getting from a research page to the trading screen is a simple process. You don't want to feel like you’re clicking in circles. Make sure<strong> </strong>different topics are easy to locate on the site. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_225-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_226-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Broker Offer Resources for Beginners? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_227-0"> These can include glossaries or how-to articles, fundamental analysis, portfolio diversification, how to interpret technical studies, and other beginner topics. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_228-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_229-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Effective Is the Platform's Search Function? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_230-0"> You can figure this out by typing in a common investing term or searching for topics you have questions about. How quickly was the search function able to retrieve the information you needed? Was this information immediately visible, or did you have to click through a few pages to get to it? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_231-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-analytical-resources"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_232-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Analytical Resources </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_233-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is There Ample Analysis for Each Security? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_234-0"> This should include analyst ratings from multiple sources, real-time news items, and applicable market and sector data. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_235-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_236-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Is There Sufficient Fundamental Data Available? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_237-0"> Stock profiles, for example, should include historical data for the issuing company, like earnings reports, financial statements (like cash flow, income statements, and balance sheets), dividend payments, stock splits or buybacks, and SEC filings. There should also be information about any insider trading activity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_238-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_239-0"> Is there market data for the U.S. and foreign markets? What about the industry and sector data? How deeply are you able to dive into the big-picture conditions surrounding market performance? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_240-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-6-ease-of-depositing-and-withdrawing-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_241-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 6: Ease of Depositing and Withdrawing Funds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_242-0"> Especially if you’re investing to supplement your regular income, it’s important to know how easy it is to move money in and out of your brokerage account. If you’re looking to employ a more set-it-and-forget-it strategy, being able to withdraw funds may not be as big of a concern. Still, life often throws us things we don’t expect, so it’s prudent to review the deposit, withdrawal, and funds settlement terms of any brokerage you consider. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_243-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-depositing-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_244-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Depositing Funds </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_245-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Can You Deposit Money Into Your Brokerage Account? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_246-0"> Find out if you can deposit funds via check, ACH transfer, wire, or credit card (this isn’t necessarily recommended, but it may still be an option). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_247-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_248-0"> Make sure you verify whether or not there are any fees associated with these options – though most brokerages don’t charge for deposits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_249-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_250-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Long Does It Take for Deposited Funds to Settle? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_251-0"> If you’ve spotted an amazing trade entry but you don’t have enough cash in your account to execute it, settling times will suddenly become very important. Verify how many days it takes for deposited funds to be available for investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_252-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_253-0"> Settlement times may vary depending on the source of the deposit. Note that you may see longer settlement times if you maintain a low balance or don’t trade very often. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_254-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_255-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Does the Brokerage Offer Regular Checking or Savings Accounts That Can Facilitate Swifter Transfers? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_256-0"> If the brokerage offers regular checking and savings accounts that are free (and FDIC insured), it might be easier to leave funds in a linked banking account so that they can be moved more quickly to your brokerage account if and when you need to bulk up your investment account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_257-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-withdrawing-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_258-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Withdrawing Funds </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_259-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Long Does It Take Funds From the Sale of Your Investments to Settle? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_260-0"> Make sure you check on settlement times for the different types of securities you will be trading. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_261-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_262-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> What About Dividend or Interest Distributions? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_263-0"> How quickly are those funds available for investment? For withdrawal? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_264-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_265-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Easy Is It to Withdraw Funds From Your Brokerage Account? </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_266-0"> Find out if you can withdraw via ACH transfer, wire, or check and how long it will take for those funds to reach your bank account. Also, check to find out if there's a fee for withdrawal. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_267-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_268-0"> Does the brokerage offer the option of a debit or ATM card attached to your account? Sometimes this is offered for a brokerage account, and other times you need to open a linked checking or savings account to access this option. If you do have the option of a card, find out which ATMs can you use and if there are any fees associated with card use. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_269-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-7-customer-service"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_270-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 7: Customer Service </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_271-0"> By now, you’ve likely narrowed your options to one or two brokerages that really blow you away in terms of resources, features, and usability. Whether you’ve found your perfect platform or you're still on the fence, take just a few more minutes to peruse the Help section of the brokerages you’re considering. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_272-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_273-0"> If you're a new investor and you’re feeling overwhelmed, make sure you can get in touch with the service staff quickly and easily. If you’re technically challenged, make sure the tech support team is easy to contact and available round the clock. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_274-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_275-0"> While these items won’t make or break your brokerage decision, it’s still important to ensure you understand how to get help when and if you need it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_276-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_277-0"> <li>Is there a dedicated number you can call to speak to a human for trade assistance?</li><li>Make sure you are aware of any additional fees for call-assisted trades.</li><li>Is there an automated number you can call for basic queries?</li><li>What about general help? What are the call-in hours for representative assistance?</li><li>What are the hours of operation for phone lines? Can you call 24/7, or are the phones only staffed during normal business hours?</li><li>For those who are interaction averse, is there an email address you can use to receive prompt assistance?</li><li>Does the brokerage use a secure internal messaging system for important documents and account queries?</li><li>Does the website have an online chat option for immediate assistance?</li><li>What if you have a basic question but don’t want to bug a representative? Is there a searchable FAQ section that answers a wide range of questions?</li><li>What about tech support? Are there dedicated phone lines, email addresses, or chat systems for accessing technical assistance?</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_278-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-step-8-get-going-and-next-steps"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_279-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Step 8: Get Going and Next Steps </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_280-0"> We know it can be tempting to just sign up for whichever brokerage has the most aggressive ad campaign, but successful investing requires attention to detail long before you place your first trade. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_281-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_282-0"> If you’re looking to make trading a long-term hobby, a future career, or just a means of bulking up your retirement fund, then it’s important that you use the tools and resources that will set you up for a successful and enjoyable experience. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_283-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_284-0"> By following this in-depth guide, you’ve hopefully found the platform that will best serve your needs, whatever they might be. You can find help sorting through the different brokers on our stock broker reviews page. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_285-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_286-0"> Once you’ve singled out your best brokerage, it’s time to get started. Don’t just set up an account and move on to the next thing. Really dive in. Use the educational and research resources available to you, start outlining your investment strategy, and make the most of all the tools at your disposal. You’ve spent valuable time identifying which features matter most to you—now it’s time to put them to work. </p></div>
Profitable investing requires you use a brokerage service that aligns with your investing goals, educational needs and learning style. Especially for new investors, selecting the [best online stock broker](https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-brokers-4587872) that fits your needs can mean the difference between an exciting new income stream and frustrating disappointment. While there’s no sure-fire way to guarantee [investment returns](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/10/guide-to-calculating-roi.asp), there is a way to set yourself up for success by selecting the [online brokerage](https://www.investopedia.com/broker-awards-4587871) that best suits your needs. In this guide, we’ll break down everything you should look for in your ideal [brokerage](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brokerage-company.asp), from the obvious (like whether or not the platform allows you to trade the securities you’re interested in) to the not-so-obvious (like how easy it is to get support from an actual human when you need it). ### Key Takeaways * Access to the financial markets is easy and inexpensive thanks to a variety of discount brokers that operate through online platforms. * Different online brokers are optimized for a different type of client—from long-term buy-and-hold novices to active and sophisticated day traders. * Choosing the right online broker requires some due diligence to get the most for your money. ## Step 1: Know Your Needs Before you start clicking on brokerage ads, take a moment to hone in on what's most important to you in a trading platform. The answer will be slightly different [depending on your investment goals](https://www.investopedia.com/brokerage-account-vs-roth-ira-5222244) and where you are in the investment learning curve. If you’re just starting out, you may prioritize features like basic educational resources, comprehensive glossaries, easy access to support staff, and the ability to place practice trades before you start playing with real money. If you have some investment experience already under your belt, but you're looking to get serious, you may want more high-level education and opinion-based resources authored by professional investors and analysts, as well as a good selection of [fundamental and technical data](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/difference-between-fundamental-and-technical-analysis/). A truly experienced [investor](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp), perhaps someone that’s executed hundreds of trades already but is looking for a new brokerage, is going to prioritize advanced charting capabilities, conditional order options, and the ability to trade derivatives, mutual funds, commodities, and fixed-income securities, as well as stocks. Be honest with yourself about where you are right nowin your [investing journey](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/steps-successful-investment-journey/) and where you want to go. Are you looking to establish a retirement fund and focus on passive [investments](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/11/3-s-simple-investing.asp) that will generate tax-free income in an [IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp) or [401(k)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp)? Do you want to try your hand at day-trading but don’t know where to start? Do you like the idea of tweaking and tailoring your own portfolio, or are you willing to pay a professional to ensure it’s done right? Depending on which path you want to follow, there may be many more questions you’ll need to answer along the way as you gain experience and refine your goals. For now, however, start with these four crucial considerations to help you determine which of the brokerage features we discuss below will be most important to you. To help get those analytical juices flowing, we’ve included several sample questions under each broader topic: ### Are You an Active or Passive Investor? Do you want to be super hands-on and execute [day](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/daytrader.asp) or [swing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swingtrading.asp) trades? Do you see yourself eventually leaving the 9-to-5 grind and becoming a full-time investor? Or, instead, do you want to find a few solid investments to hold for the long haul with little or no day-to-day interaction? ### What Kind of Trades Do You Want to Execute? Are you going to be the type of investor who knows what they want to do and just needs a platform that makes it easy and quick to execute trades, or do you want a broker with a broader range of resources to help you identify opportunities? What kind of securities are you focused on? [Stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp), [mutual funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp), ETFs? If you are more advanced, do you also want to trade options, futures, and [fixed-income securities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp)? What about margin trading? Do you need access to conditional orders, extended-hours trading, and automated trading options? ### What Kind of Help Do You Want? Do you want to go the [DIY](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diy-investing.asp) route, learn how to interpret charts and financial data to find and execute your own trades, or would you prefer to hire a pro? If you want to do it yourself, where are you on the learning curve? What sort of resources will you need to further your knowledge? Will you need easy access to support personnel, or are you able to learn what you need to know through online educational resources? Are you happy to [execute trades online](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-invest-online-5215204), or will you want to call in to have a broker assist you with the process? ### What Are Your Investing Goals? Why are you choosing to invest? Are you trying to supplement your regular income to improve your current standard of living? Is there a specific event or expense you want to fund? Do you intend for this to eventually become your primary income source? Are you trying to build up retirement savings and, if so, do you already have a retirement account or will you want to open a new one with your chosen brokerage? There are no wrong answers to these questions. Be honest with yourself about how much time, energy, and effort you're willing and able to put into your [investments](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp). Your answers may change over time, and that’s ok. Don’t try to anticipate all your needs and goals for the rest of your life. Just start with where you are right now. ## Step 2: Narrow the Field Now that you have a clear idea of what your investment goals are and what basic services you’ll look for in [your ideal brokerage](https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-vs-fidelity-4587939), it’s time to whittle down your options a bit. While there are certain brokerage features that will be more important for some investors than for others, there are a few things any reputable online brokerage should have. With such a wide range of available options, checking on these basic necessities is a great way to narrow the field quickly. ## Stock Broker Regulation and Trust ### Is the Brokerage a Member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC)? There will typically be some kind of notation or disclaimer at the bottom of the home page. You can quickly look up the brokerage on the [SIPC website](https://www.sipc.org/list-of-members). ### Is the Brokerage a Member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)? This should also be very clearly noted in an easy-to-find location. You can look up brokerages on [FINRA's BrokerCheck website](https://brokercheck.finra.org/). ### Is the Brokerage Covered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)? Investment products—such as brokerage or [retirement accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp) that invest in stocks, [bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bond.asp), options, and annuities—are not [FDIC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp) insured, because the value of investments cannot be guaranteed. If the brokerage offers CDs, [Money Market Deposit Accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarketaccount.asp) (MMDAs), checking, or savings accounts, however, they should be fully backed by the FDIC. ### What Kind of Insurance Do They Provide to Protect You in Case the Company Fails? As a member of the SIPC, the company should have insurance with a per-customer limit of at least $500,000, with $250,000 available for cash claims. If the company adheres to the Customer Protection Rule, it should also provide additional coverage above and beyond the basic requirements of the SIPC. ### Is There Any Kind of Guarantee of Protection Against Fraud? Will the company reimburse you for losses resulting from fraud? Make sure you double-check what the brokerage requires of you in order for you to be [reimbursed](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reimbursement.asp). Find out if you have to provide any documentation or take specific precautions to protect yourself. ### What Are Current Customers Saying? Try searching online for consumer reviews of the brokerage, using keywords like "[insurance claim](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance_claim.asp)," "fraud protection" and "customer service." Of course, online reviews should typically be taken with a grain of salt – some people just like to complain. However, if there are several users from different sites all lodging the same complaint then you may want to investigate further. ## Online Security and Account Protection It’s important to know how well a brokerage helps you protect your information. ### Does the Brokerage Website Offer Two-Factor Authentication? Do you have the option of activating a security feature in addition to your password? Common options can include answering security questions, receiving unique, time-sensitive codes via text or email, or using a physical security key that slots into your USB port. ### What Kind of Technology Does the Broker Use to Keep Your Account Safe? Find out if the broker uses encryption or "cookies," and if it clearly explains how it uses them to protect your account information and how they work. ### Does the Company Ever Sell Customer Information to Third-Parties (like Advertisers)? The answer should definitely be no. ## Brokerage Account Offerings Since the types of tools you need will depend on your goals, you should also do a quick check for the following items to weed out brokerages that simply won’t meet your needs. ### What Kinds of Accounts Does the Broker Offer Besides Standard (Taxable) Investment Accounts? For example, if you have dependents, find out if you can open an [Education Savings Account](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coverdellesa.asp) (ESA) or a custodial account for your child or other dependents. ### Can You Open a Retirement Account? Look into whether the broker offers Roth or traditional retirement accounts and if you can roll over an existing 401k or IRA. ### Are There Different Products for Different Investing Goals? For example, find out if the broker offers managed accounts. Also, find out if there investment minimums for [different types of accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/multiple-brokerage-accounts-pros-cons-5213275). ### Can You Manage Retirement Accounts for Employees Through the Brokerage? This may apply if you’re a small business owner. These types of accounts include SIMPLE or SEP IRAs. ### Does the Brokerage Offer Self-Directed IRAs or Solo 401k Options? This applies if the only employee in your small business is you. ## Step 3: Figure Out the Fees While there may be other things that matter more to you than fees, you should start out with a pretty clear idea of how much you’ll pay to use any particular brokerage. For some, a small premium may be justifiable if the platform offers features that its cheaper competitors lack. In general, however, you want to lose as little of your investment returns as possible to accounting fees and trading commissions. By starting with the bottom line, you can easily determine which stockbrokers are too pricey to consider and which simply aren’t compatible with the type of investment activity you’re focused on. ## Broker Account Fees ### Does the Broker Charge a Fee for Opening an Account? ### Is There a Deposit Minimum? Bear in mind that mutual funds often have investment minimums of $1,000 or more, but that’s not the same as a brokerage requiring that you deposit a minimum amount of cash just to open an account. ### Are There Any Annual or Monthly Account Maintenance Fees? If so, are they waived for larger accounts or is there an easy way to avoid them even if your account balance is small? ### Does the Broker Offer Access to a Trading Platform as Part of Their Free Membership? If you’re just starting out, the free platform may suit your needs perfectly. ### Is There a Pro or Advanced Trading Platform That Is Pay-to-Play? If you're a more advanced investor, it’s important to know whether or not you’ll need to pay to upgrade your account to access tools and resources that are up to your speed. Some advanced platforms are free for customers who agree to place a minimum number of trades per year or invest a minimum amount. ### What Are the Margin Rates? Margin trading is only for very experienced investors who understand the risks involved. If you’re a new investor, this point won’t apply to you. ### What’s the Minimum Loan Amount and Account Balance? Most brokerages will offer lower interest rates for larger amounts, but don’t let that be the reason you borrow more than you should. ## Trading Commissions ### Do Trading Commissions Depend on How Much You Have Invested Through the Brokerage or How Often You Trade? For example, some brokerages determine trading commissions based on the account size, while others offer a reduced commission to customers who trade a certain volume per quarter. Make sure you look at the prices that will most likely apply to you based on your anticipated account balance and trading activity. ### Are There Different Commission Rates for Different Securities? If you plan on trading more than stocks, make sure you know what the fees are to trade options, [bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/08/how-to-buy-a-bond.asp), futures, or other securities. ### What Is the Minimum Investment for Mutual Funds or ETFs? Make sure that mutual funds that allow you to buy and sell for free (often called No Transaction Fee, or NTF, funds) don’t charge other types of fees instead. Mutual funds often come with a number of different kinds of expenses, some of which can sneak up on you. Make sure you review the prospectus of any fund you’re considering to ensure you understand all the costs involved. ### Does the Brokerage Offer Any Free or Reduced-Price Trades? The number of ‘bonus’ trades you receive may depend on your account balance, so make sure you check on what’s offered for the account level that would apply to you. Also, be sure to check on what kinds of trades qualify for the discount—if it's just for stocks and if ETFs, options, or fixed-income securities count. ### Is the Commission Schedule Conducive to the Kind of Trading You’d Be Doing? Some brokerages increase their commission rates after a certain number of trades. If this is the case, customers that focus on passive, buy-and-hold investing reap the most benefits. Conversely, some brokerages offer reduced commissions after a certain number of trades in any given quarter, so active traders are rewarded for using the platform more often. ### If the Broker Offers Advisory Services, How Much Do They Cost? If you’re not looking to manage your own portfolio for whatever reason, make sure you pay attention to advisor fees very closely. ## Step 4: Test the Broker's Platform While any brokerage should have a pretty decent description of what kinds of tools and resources their trading platform offers, sometimes the best way to assess platform quality is to give it a test drive. For brokers that allow you to open an account for free, it may even be worth the effort to go through the signup process just to access the trading platform if that’s what’s necessary. Whether the brokerage has a web-based platform that anyone can access or a free downloadable platform that requires no-strings signup, do what you can to access the tools you’d actually use for free. Even if you’re a more advanced trader, and there’s no free way to play around with "Pro" tools, you can get a good idea of the quality of a brokerage’s offerings just by looking at its basic suite. If there’s nothing in the standard platform that seems promising, it’s unlikely the advanced platform will be worth your time either. On the other hand, some companies offer a huge array of tools and resources with their free products, so don’t write off brokerages with only one platform just yet. We’ve already spent a good amount of time narrowing down your choices based on price and basic account offerings. Now that we’ve finally gotten to the fun stuff, make sure you spend time looking at the features available in multiple areas. Go through the motions of placing a trade to see how smoothly the process operates. Pull up multiple quotes for stocks and other securities, and click on every tab to see what kind of data the platform provides. You should also check out any available screeners or other tools provided to help you find investments that meet specific criteria. ## Questions to Answer While Testing Platforms ### What Types of Securities Can You Trade on the Platform? You should already have ruled out any platforms that don’t allow you to trade the securities you’re interested in. Make sure this platform automatically allows you to trade preferred shares, IPOs, options, futures, or fixed-income securities. If you don’t see particular security on the platform, but you know that the brokerage supports it, try looking in your account settings, or doing a quick search, to see how you can activate those features and learn about permission requirements. ### Are Quotes in Real-Time? Are They Streaming? There will be multiple ways you can pull up a price quote for a given security, but not all of them will provide the most up-to-date data. Make sure you are aware of where you can find real-time streaming information to ensure your trades are well-timed. Vanguard’s web-based platform, for example, provides real-time data in its Ticker Profile pages, but it requires manual refreshing. Simple quote-level data is delayed by 20 minutes or more. Schwab’s online quotes also require manual refreshing, but the downloadable StreetSmart Edge platform and its cloud-based counterpart both offer real-time streaming data. ### Can You Set Up Customized Watchlists and Alerts? If you’re going to be a more active trader, you’ll likely want to be able to receive alert notifications via text, in addition to email, and set up multiple watchlists based on different criteria. ### Does the Platform Provide Screeners That You Can Customize to Find Stocks, ETFs, Mutual Funds, or Other Securities? Even if you’re brand new and have no idea what any of the options actually mean, play around with the various parameters to get an idea of how easy the tools are to use. A good platform will be intuitively organized and easy to operate. ### What Kinds of Orders Can You Place? Go through the motions of placing a trade and take a look at what types of orders are offered. A basic platform should offer at least market, limit, stop, and stop limit. A better platform will also allow you to place trailing stop orders, or market-on-close orders (which execute at the price the security reaches at the market closing). If you're looking to make relatively few trades, and you’re not interested in day or swing trading, a basic selection of order types should be fine. If you’re looking to get into the nitty-gritty of stock trading, however, you should look for a wider selection. If you're more advanced, you should look for the ability to place conditional orders that allow you to set up multiple trades with specific triggers that will execute automatically when your specified conditions are met. ### Do You Have Control Over Order Timing and Execution of Trades? A basic platform should at least allow you to place trades that are good-for-day (meaning they can be executed at any time during trading hours) or good-until-canceled (which keeps the order for up to 60 days until it is executed or you cancel it). A more advanced platform will allow you to place limit orders with some more variability, such as fill-or-kill (which automatically cancels the order if it is not entirely filled immediately) or Immediate or cancel (which automatically cancels the order if it isn’t at least partially filled right away). ### Can You Trade in Extended Hours? Stock and ETF trades take place outside of normal market hours of 9:30 a.m. – 4 p.m. EST, the in pre-market and after-hours periods. Each brokerage has its own definition of the specific time periods these Extended Hours sessions occupy. Not all platforms allow you to trade during extended hours, and some only allow trading during after hours, but not during pre-market hours. You may be charged a fee for extended hours trading, so make sure you review the terms of those trades to make sure you aren’t caught unawares. Again, for new investors, this feature may not be too important. For more advanced traders or those who are looking to be very active, however, reviewing a brokerage’s extended hours trading policy is crucial. ## Charting Features Now that you’ve played around with the platform a bit, take a look at the charting capabilities to explore the tools at your disposal. Pay attention to what kinds of data you can plot, how easy it is to switch between charting technical studies and reviewing fundamental or market data, and what you can customize and save for later reference. ### What Technical Indicators Are Available on the Chart? In general, the more the better. At the very least, you should be able to plot basic indicators like volume, RSI, simple moving averages, Bollinger bands, MACD, and stochastics. If any of these basic indicators are missing, it’s time to move on. You should also be able to plot at least a few company events, like earnings reports, stock splits, and dividend payments. ### Can You Compare Different Stocks and Indices on the Same Chart? ### Can you Draw on the Chart to Create Trend Lines, Free-form Diagrams, Fibonacci Circles, and Arcs, or Other Mark-Ups? ### Does the Platform Have a Trading Journal or Other Means of Saving Your Work? Whether you’re learning how to read charts or are a professional trader who takes notes to keep yourself on track, having a way to customize and store your charts is a hugely useful tool. Related questions include: * In addition to creating trend lines, are you able to draw on the chart simply to highlight important events so you can remember what to review later? * Can you save your charts after you’ve customized them? * Can you make notes for later reference? * Can those notes be placed onthe chart to make sure you know what they apply to when you look at them later? ### Other Options Remember that some of these options may only be available on a Pro or Advanced platform. If you’re an advanced active trader, you’ll likely want a broker that offers all of these options. If you’re a more passive trader, or you’re just not looking to pay a premium for bells and whistles you’re not ready for, sticking to a free basic platform is just fine. * Can you automate trades through customized rules or imported algorithms? * Can the platform be customized to recognize specific chart patterns for prices, indicators, and oscillators? * Can you set up alerts to notify you when the platform finds a matching pattern? ### Does the Website or Platform Allow Paper Trading? [Paper trading](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/papertrade.asp) is a way for investors to practice placing and executing trades without actually using money. It’s a great way for aspiring active investors to practice and for investors of all experience levels to test out new strategies and hone their skills without risking losses. ### Does the Platform Allow Backtesting? Another way to test out strategies and get comfortable with the process before putting cash on the line, backtesting allows you to simulate a trade based on the historical performance of your chosen security. It’s a way of placing a hypothetical, retroactive trade and then seeing what wouldhave happened had you executed it in real life. ## Step 5: How Well Does the Stock Broker Educate Its Clients? While a useful and useable trading platform is crucial, you should also take the time to peruse the brokerage’s educational offerings and try out the search function. If you're a new investor, you need to be able to search for terms you don’t know or find advice on how to interpret data. If there’s a topic you’ve been wondering about or a metric you don’t completely understand, do a trial run using the search function and see if you can find the information you need quickly and efficiently. Remember, what’s intuitive and user-friendly for one investor may be a nightmarish maze of fruitless search queries for another, so it’s important to find a platform that you can work with. Once you’ve spent 20 minutes or so cruising a platform, you should be able to answer the following questions pretty easily. If you can’t, and a quick search of the site for specific answers doesn’t yield the necessary information, it’s likely a sign that the brokerage’s platform is not for you. ## Stock Broker's Quality and Usability All the educational resources in the world are useless if you can’t access them easily. A good platform or website should provide a wide range of educational offerings, in multiple mediums, to make sure customers are able to quickly and easily find the information they need in a format that works for their learning style. Before we dive into the specific types of educational resources you should expect from a good brokerage, let’s first make sure those resources are user-friendly. ### What Types of Educational Offerings Does the Broker Provide? Whether it offers videos, podcasts, user forums, or written articles, the format needs to work for you. ### Where Does the Information Come From? If the broker syndicates work from other sites, make sure those sites are reputable. If the site has a blog or other contributor content, then make sure the contributing authors have experience and authority you can trust. ### How Easy and Intuitive Is the Site or Platform to Navigate? Make sure getting from a research page to the trading screen is a simple process. You don't want to feel like you’re clicking in circles. Make suredifferent topics are easy to locate on the site. ### Does the Broker Offer Resources for Beginners? These can include glossaries or how-to articles, fundamental analysis, portfolio diversification, how to interpret technical studies, and other beginner topics. ### How Effective Is the Platform's Search Function? You can figure this out by typing in a common investing term or searching for topics you have questions about. How quickly was the search function able to retrieve the information you needed? Was this information immediately visible, or did you have to click through a few pages to get to it? ## Analytical Resources ### Is There Ample Analysis for Each Security? This should include analyst ratings from multiple sources, real-time news items, and applicable market and sector data. ### Is There Sufficient Fundamental Data Available? Stock profiles, for example, should include historical data for the issuing company, like earnings reports, financial statements (like cash flow, income statements, and balance sheets), dividend payments, stock splits or buybacks, and SEC filings. There should also be information about any insider trading activity. Is there market data for the U.S. and foreign markets? What about the industry and sector data? How deeply are you able to dive into the big-picture conditions surrounding market performance? ## Step 6: Ease of Depositing and Withdrawing Funds Especially if you’re investing to supplement your regular income, it’s important to know how easy it is to move money in and out of your brokerage account. If you’re looking to employ a more set-it-and-forget-it strategy, being able to withdraw funds may not be as big of a concern. Still, life often throws us things we don’t expect, so it’s prudent to review the deposit, withdrawal, and funds settlement terms of any brokerage you consider. ## Depositing Funds ### How Can You Deposit Money Into Your Brokerage Account? Find out if you can deposit funds via check, ACH transfer, wire, or credit card (this isn’t necessarily recommended, but it may still be an option). Make sure you verify whether or not there are any fees associated with these options – though most brokerages don’t charge for deposits. ### How Long Does It Take for Deposited Funds to Settle? If you’ve spotted an amazing trade entry but you don’t have enough cash in your account to execute it, settling times will suddenly become very important. Verify how many days it takes for deposited funds to be available for investment. Settlement times may vary depending on the source of the deposit. Note that you may see longer settlement times if you maintain a low balance or don’t trade very often. ### Does the Brokerage Offer Regular Checking or Savings Accounts That Can Facilitate Swifter Transfers? If the brokerage offers regular checking and savings accounts that are free (and FDIC insured), it might be easier to leave funds in a linked banking account so that they can be moved more quickly to your brokerage account if and when you need to bulk up your investment account. ## Withdrawing Funds ### How Long Does It Take Funds From the Sale of Your Investments to Settle? Make sure you check on settlement times for the different types of securities you will be trading. ### What About Dividend or Interest Distributions? How quickly are those funds available for investment? For withdrawal? ### How Easy Is It to Withdraw Funds From Your Brokerage Account? Find out if you can withdraw via ACH transfer, wire, or check and how long it will take for those funds to reach your bank account. Also, check to find out if there's a fee for withdrawal. Does the brokerage offer the option of a debit or ATM card attached to your account? Sometimes this is offered for a brokerage account, and other times you need to open a linked checking or savings account to access this option. If you do have the option of a card, find out which ATMs can you use and if there are any fees associated with card use. ## Step 7: Customer Service By now, you’ve likely narrowed your options to one or two brokerages that really blow you away in terms of resources, features, and usability. Whether you’ve found your perfect platform or you're still on the fence, take just a few more minutes to peruse the Help section of the brokerages you’re considering. If you're a new investor and you’re feeling overwhelmed, make sure you can get in touch with the service staff quickly and easily. If you’re technically challenged, make sure the tech support team is easy to contact and available round the clock. While these items won’t make or break your brokerage decision, it’s still important to ensure you understand how to get help when and if you need it. * Is there a dedicated number you can call to speak to a human for trade assistance? * Make sure you are aware of any additional fees for call-assisted trades. * Is there an automated number you can call for basic queries? * What about general help? What are the call-in hours for representative assistance? * What are the hours of operation for phone lines? Can you call 24/7, or are the phones only staffed during normal business hours? * For those who are interaction averse, is there an email address you can use to receive prompt assistance? * Does the brokerage use a secure internal messaging system for important documents and account queries? * Does the website have an online chat option for immediate assistance? * What if you have a basic question but don’t want to bug a representative? Is there a searchable FAQ section that answers a wide range of questions? * What about tech support? Are there dedicated phone lines, email addresses, or chat systems for accessing technical assistance? ## Step 8: Get Going and Next Steps We know it can be tempting to just sign up for whichever brokerage has the most aggressive ad campaign, but successful investing requires attention to detail long before you place your first trade. If you’re looking to make trading a long-term hobby, a future career, or just a means of bulking up your retirement fund, then it’s important that you use the tools and resources that will set you up for a successful and enjoyable experience. By following this in-depth guide, you’ve hopefully found the platform that will best serve your needs, whatever they might be. You can find help sorting through the different brokers on our stock broker reviews page. Once you’ve singled out your best brokerage, it’s time to get started. Don’t just set up an account and move on to the next thing. Really dive in. Use the educational and research resources available to you, start outlining your investment strategy, and make the most of all the tools at your disposal. You’ve spent valuable time identifying which features matter most to you—now it’s time to put them to work.
Profitable investing requires you use a brokerage service that aligns with your investing goals, educational needs and learning style. Especially for new investors, selecting the best online stock broker that fits your needs can mean the difference between an exciting new income stream and frustrating disappointment. While there’s no sure-fire way to guarantee investment returns, there is a way to set yourself up for success by selecting the online brokerage that best suits your needs. In this guide, we’ll break down everything you should look for in your ideal brokerage, from the obvious (like whether or not the platform allows you to trade the securities you’re interested in) to the not-so-obvious (like how easy it is to get support from an actual human when you need it). Key Takeaways Access to the financial markets is easy and inexpensive thanks to a variety of discount brokers that operate through online platforms.Different online brokers are optimized for a different type of client—from long-term buy-and-hold novices to active and sophisticated day traders.Choosing the right online broker requires some due diligence to get the most for your money. Step 1: Know Your Needs Before you start clicking on brokerage ads, take a moment to hone in on what's most important to you in a trading platform. The answer will be slightly different depending on your investment goals and where you are in the investment learning curve. If you’re just starting out, you may prioritize features like basic educational resources, comprehensive glossaries, easy access to support staff, and the ability to place practice trades before you start playing with real money. If you have some investment experience already under your belt, but you're looking to get serious, you may want more high-level education and opinion-based resources authored by professional investors and analysts, as well as a good selection of fundamental and technical data. A truly experienced investor, perhaps someone that’s executed hundreds of trades already but is looking for a new brokerage, is going to prioritize advanced charting capabilities, conditional order options, and the ability to trade derivatives, mutual funds, commodities, and fixed-income securities, as well as stocks. Be honest with yourself about where you are right now in your investing journey and where you want to go. Are you looking to establish a retirement fund and focus on passive investments that will generate tax-free income in an IRA or 401(k)? Do you want to try your hand at day-trading but don’t know where to start? Do you like the idea of tweaking and tailoring your own portfolio, or are you willing to pay a professional to ensure it’s done right? Depending on which path you want to follow, there may be many more questions you’ll need to answer along the way as you gain experience and refine your goals. For now, however, start with these four crucial considerations to help you determine which of the brokerage features we discuss below will be most important to you. To help get those analytical juices flowing, we’ve included several sample questions under each broader topic: Are You an Active or Passive Investor? Do you want to be super hands-on and execute day or swing trades? Do you see yourself eventually leaving the 9-to-5 grind and becoming a full-time investor? Or, instead, do you want to find a few solid investments to hold for the long haul with little or no day-to-day interaction? What Kind of Trades Do You Want to Execute? Are you going to be the type of investor who knows what they want to do and just needs a platform that makes it easy and quick to execute trades, or do you want a broker with a broader range of resources to help you identify opportunities? What kind of securities are you focused on? Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs? If you are more advanced, do you also want to trade options, futures, and fixed-income securities? What about margin trading? Do you need access to conditional orders, extended-hours trading, and automated trading options? What Kind of Help Do You Want? Do you want to go the DIY route, learn how to interpret charts and financial data to find and execute your own trades, or would you prefer to hire a pro? If you want to do it yourself, where are you on the learning curve? What sort of resources will you need to further your knowledge? Will you need easy access to support personnel, or are you able to learn what you need to know through online educational resources? Are you happy to execute trades online, or will you want to call in to have a broker assist you with the process? What Are Your Investing Goals? Why are you choosing to invest? Are you trying to supplement your regular income to improve your current standard of living? Is there a specific event or expense you want to fund? Do you intend for this to eventually become your primary income source? Are you trying to build up retirement savings and, if so, do you already have a retirement account or will you want to open a new one with your chosen brokerage? There are no wrong answers to these questions. Be honest with yourself about how much time, energy, and effort you're willing and able to put into your investments. Your answers may change over time, and that’s ok. Don’t try to anticipate all your needs and goals for the rest of your life. Just start with where you are right now. Step 2: Narrow the Field Now that you have a clear idea of what your investment goals are and what basic services you’ll look for in your ideal brokerage, it’s time to whittle down your options a bit. While there are certain brokerage features that will be more important for some investors than for others, there are a few things any reputable online brokerage should have. With such a wide range of available options, checking on these basic necessities is a great way to narrow the field quickly. Stock Broker Regulation and Trust Is the Brokerage a Member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC)? There will typically be some kind of notation or disclaimer at the bottom of the home page. You can quickly look up the brokerage on the SIPC website. Is the Brokerage a Member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)? This should also be very clearly noted in an easy-to-find location. You can look up brokerages on FINRA's BrokerCheck website. Is the Brokerage Covered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)? Investment products—such as brokerage or retirement accounts that invest in stocks, bonds, options, and annuities—are not FDIC insured, because the value of investments cannot be guaranteed. If the brokerage offers CDs, Money Market Deposit Accounts (MMDAs), checking, or savings accounts, however, they should be fully backed by the FDIC. What Kind of Insurance Do They Provide to Protect You in Case the Company Fails? As a member of the SIPC, the company should have insurance with a per-customer limit of at least $500,000, with $250,000 available for cash claims. If the company adheres to the Customer Protection Rule, it should also provide additional coverage above and beyond the basic requirements of the SIPC. Is There Any Kind of Guarantee of Protection Against Fraud? Will the company reimburse you for losses resulting from fraud? Make sure you double-check what the brokerage requires of you in order for you to be reimbursed. Find out if you have to provide any documentation or take specific precautions to protect yourself. What Are Current Customers Saying? Try searching online for consumer reviews of the brokerage, using keywords like "insurance claim," "fraud protection" and "customer service." Of course, online reviews should typically be taken with a grain of salt – some people just like to complain. However, if there are several users from different sites all lodging the same complaint then you may want to investigate further. Online Security and Account Protection It’s important to know how well a brokerage helps you protect your information. Does the Brokerage Website Offer Two-Factor Authentication? Do you have the option of activating a security feature in addition to your password? Common options can include answering security questions, receiving unique, time-sensitive codes via text or email, or using a physical security key that slots into your USB port. What Kind of Technology Does the Broker Use to Keep Your Account Safe? Find out if the broker uses encryption or "cookies," and if it clearly explains how it uses them to protect your account information and how they work. Does the Company Ever Sell Customer Information to Third-Parties (like Advertisers)? The answer should definitely be no. Brokerage Account Offerings Since the types of tools you need will depend on your goals, you should also do a quick check for the following items to weed out brokerages that simply won’t meet your needs. What Kinds of Accounts Does the Broker Offer Besides Standard (Taxable) Investment Accounts? For example, if you have dependents, find out if you can open an Education Savings Account (ESA) or a custodial account for your child or other dependents. Can You Open a Retirement Account? Look into whether the broker offers Roth or traditional retirement accounts and if you can roll over an existing 401k or IRA. Are There Different Products for Different Investing Goals? For example, find out if the broker offers managed accounts. Also, find out if there investment minimums for different types of accounts. Can You Manage Retirement Accounts for Employees Through the Brokerage? This may apply if you’re a small business owner. These types of accounts include SIMPLE or SEP IRAs. Does the Brokerage Offer Self-Directed IRAs or Solo 401k Options? This applies if the only employee in your small business is you. Step 3: Figure Out the Fees While there may be other things that matter more to you than fees, you should start out with a pretty clear idea of how much you’ll pay to use any particular brokerage. For some, a small premium may be justifiable if the platform offers features that its cheaper competitors lack. In general, however, you want to lose as little of your investment returns as possible to accounting fees and trading commissions. By starting with the bottom line, you can easily determine which stockbrokers are too pricey to consider and which simply aren’t compatible with the type of investment activity you’re focused on. Broker Account Fees Does the Broker Charge a Fee for Opening an Account? Is There a Deposit Minimum? Bear in mind that mutual funds often have investment minimums of $1,000 or more, but that’s not the same as a brokerage requiring that you deposit a minimum amount of cash just to open an account. Are There Any Annual or Monthly Account Maintenance Fees? If so, are they waived for larger accounts or is there an easy way to avoid them even if your account balance is small? Does the Broker Offer Access to a Trading Platform as Part of Their Free Membership? If you’re just starting out, the free platform may suit your needs perfectly. Is There a Pro or Advanced Trading Platform That Is Pay-to-Play? If you're a more advanced investor, it’s important to know whether or not you’ll need to pay to upgrade your account to access tools and resources that are up to your speed. Some advanced platforms are free for customers who agree to place a minimum number of trades per year or invest a minimum amount. What Are the Margin Rates? Margin trading is only for very experienced investors who understand the risks involved. If you’re a new investor, this point won’t apply to you. What’s the Minimum Loan Amount and Account Balance? Most brokerages will offer lower interest rates for larger amounts, but don’t let that be the reason you borrow more than you should. Trading Commissions Do Trading Commissions Depend on How Much You Have Invested Through the Brokerage or How Often You Trade? For example, some brokerages determine trading commissions based on the account size, while others offer a reduced commission to customers who trade a certain volume per quarter. Make sure you look at the prices that will most likely apply to you based on your anticipated account balance and trading activity. Are There Different Commission Rates for Different Securities? If you plan on trading more than stocks, make sure you know what the fees are to trade options, bonds, futures, or other securities. What Is the Minimum Investment for Mutual Funds or ETFs? Make sure that mutual funds that allow you to buy and sell for free (often called No Transaction Fee, or NTF, funds) don’t charge other types of fees instead. Mutual funds often come with a number of different kinds of expenses, some of which can sneak up on you. Make sure you review the prospectus of any fund you’re considering to ensure you understand all the costs involved. Does the Brokerage Offer Any Free or Reduced-Price Trades? The number of ‘bonus’ trades you receive may depend on your account balance, so make sure you check on what’s offered for the account level that would apply to you. Also, be sure to check on what kinds of trades qualify for the discount—if it's just for stocks and if ETFs, options, or fixed-income securities count. Is the Commission Schedule Conducive to the Kind of Trading You’d Be Doing? Some brokerages increase their commission rates after a certain number of trades. If this is the case, customers that focus on passive, buy-and-hold investing reap the most benefits. Conversely, some brokerages offer reduced commissions after a certain number of trades in any given quarter, so active traders are rewarded for using the platform more often. If the Broker Offers Advisory Services, How Much Do They Cost? If you’re not looking to manage your own portfolio for whatever reason, make sure you pay attention to advisor fees very closely. Step 4: Test the Broker's Platform While any brokerage should have a pretty decent description of what kinds of tools and resources their trading platform offers, sometimes the best way to assess platform quality is to give it a test drive. For brokers that allow you to open an account for free, it may even be worth the effort to go through the signup process just to access the trading platform if that’s what’s necessary. Whether the brokerage has a web-based platform that anyone can access or a free downloadable platform that requires no-strings signup, do what you can to access the tools you’d actually use for free. Even if you’re a more advanced trader, and there’s no free way to play around with "Pro" tools, you can get a good idea of the quality of a brokerage’s offerings just by looking at its basic suite. If there’s nothing in the standard platform that seems promising, it’s unlikely the advanced platform will be worth your time either. On the other hand, some companies offer a huge array of tools and resources with their free products, so don’t write off brokerages with only one platform just yet. We’ve already spent a good amount of time narrowing down your choices based on price and basic account offerings. Now that we’ve finally gotten to the fun stuff, make sure you spend time looking at the features available in multiple areas. Go through the motions of placing a trade to see how smoothly the process operates. Pull up multiple quotes for stocks and other securities, and click on every tab to see what kind of data the platform provides. You should also check out any available screeners or other tools provided to help you find investments that meet specific criteria. Questions to Answer While Testing Platforms What Types of Securities Can You Trade on the Platform? You should already have ruled out any platforms that don’t allow you to trade the securities you’re interested in. Make sure this platform automatically allows you to trade preferred shares, IPOs, options, futures, or fixed-income securities. If you don’t see particular security on the platform, but you know that the brokerage supports it, try looking in your account settings, or doing a quick search, to see how you can activate those features and learn about permission requirements. Are Quotes in Real-Time? Are They Streaming? There will be multiple ways you can pull up a price quote for a given security, but not all of them will provide the most up-to-date data. Make sure you are aware of where you can find real-time streaming information to ensure your trades are well-timed. Vanguard’s web-based platform, for example, provides real-time data in its Ticker Profile pages, but it requires manual refreshing. Simple quote-level data is delayed by 20 minutes or more. Schwab’s online quotes also require manual refreshing, but the downloadable StreetSmart Edge platform and its cloud-based counterpart both offer real-time streaming data. Can You Set Up Customized Watchlists and Alerts? If you’re going to be a more active trader, you’ll likely want to be able to receive alert notifications via text, in addition to email, and set up multiple watchlists based on different criteria. Does the Platform Provide Screeners That You Can Customize to Find Stocks, ETFs, Mutual Funds, or Other Securities? Even if you’re brand new and have no idea what any of the options actually mean, play around with the various parameters to get an idea of how easy the tools are to use. A good platform will be intuitively organized and easy to operate. What Kinds of Orders Can You Place? Go through the motions of placing a trade and take a look at what types of orders are offered. A basic platform should offer at least market, limit, stop, and stop limit. A better platform will also allow you to place trailing stop orders, or market-on-close orders (which execute at the price the security reaches at the market closing). If you're looking to make relatively few trades, and you’re not interested in day or swing trading, a basic selection of order types should be fine. If you’re looking to get into the nitty-gritty of stock trading, however, you should look for a wider selection. If you're more advanced, you should look for the ability to place conditional orders that allow you to set up multiple trades with specific triggers that will execute automatically when your specified conditions are met. Do You Have Control Over Order Timing and Execution of Trades? A basic platform should at least allow you to place trades that are good-for-day (meaning they can be executed at any time during trading hours) or good-until-canceled (which keeps the order for up to 60 days until it is executed or you cancel it). A more advanced platform will allow you to place limit orders with some more variability, such as fill-or-kill (which automatically cancels the order if it is not entirely filled immediately) or Immediate or cancel (which automatically cancels the order if it isn’t at least partially filled right away). Can You Trade in Extended Hours? Stock and ETF trades take place outside of normal market hours of 9:30 a.m. – 4 p.m. EST, the in pre-market and after-hours periods. Each brokerage has its own definition of the specific time periods these Extended Hours sessions occupy. Not all platforms allow you to trade during extended hours, and some only allow trading during after hours, but not during pre-market hours. You may be charged a fee for extended hours trading, so make sure you review the terms of those trades to make sure you aren’t caught unawares. Again, for new investors, this feature may not be too important. For more advanced traders or those who are looking to be very active, however, reviewing a brokerage’s extended hours trading policy is crucial. Charting Features Now that you’ve played around with the platform a bit, take a look at the charting capabilities to explore the tools at your disposal. Pay attention to what kinds of data you can plot, how easy it is to switch between charting technical studies and reviewing fundamental or market data, and what you can customize and save for later reference. What Technical Indicators Are Available on the Chart? In general, the more the better. At the very least, you should be able to plot basic indicators like volume, RSI, simple moving averages, Bollinger bands, MACD, and stochastics. If any of these basic indicators are missing, it’s time to move on. You should also be able to plot at least a few company events, like earnings reports, stock splits, and dividend payments. Can You Compare Different Stocks and Indices on the Same Chart? Can you Draw on the Chart to Create Trend Lines, Free-form Diagrams, Fibonacci Circles, and Arcs, or Other Mark-Ups? Does the Platform Have a Trading Journal or Other Means of Saving Your Work? Whether you’re learning how to read charts or are a professional trader who takes notes to keep yourself on track, having a way to customize and store your charts is a hugely useful tool. Related questions include: In addition to creating trend lines, are you able to draw on the chart simply to highlight important events so you can remember what to review later?Can you save your charts after you’ve customized them?Can you make notes for later reference?Can those notes be placed on the chart to make sure you know what they apply to when you look at them later? Other Options Remember that some of these options may only be available on a Pro or Advanced platform. If you’re an advanced active trader, you’ll likely want a broker that offers all of these options. If you’re a more passive trader, or you’re just not looking to pay a premium for bells and whistles you’re not ready for, sticking to a free basic platform is just fine. Can you automate trades through customized rules or imported algorithms? Can the platform be customized to recognize specific chart patterns for prices, indicators, and oscillators?Can you set up alerts to notify you when the platform finds a matching pattern? Does the Website or Platform Allow Paper Trading? Paper trading is a way for investors to practice placing and executing trades without actually using money. It’s a great way for aspiring active investors to practice and for investors of all experience levels to test out new strategies and hone their skills without risking losses. Does the Platform Allow Backtesting? Another way to test out strategies and get comfortable with the process before putting cash on the line, backtesting allows you to simulate a trade based on the historical performance of your chosen security. It’s a way of placing a hypothetical, retroactive trade and then seeing what would have happened had you executed it in real life. Step 5: How Well Does the Stock Broker Educate Its Clients? While a useful and useable trading platform is crucial, you should also take the time to peruse the brokerage’s educational offerings and try out the search function. If you're a new investor, you need to be able to search for terms you don’t know or find advice on how to interpret data. If there’s a topic you’ve been wondering about or a metric you don’t completely understand, do a trial run using the search function and see if you can find the information you need quickly and efficiently. Remember, what’s intuitive and user-friendly for one investor may be a nightmarish maze of fruitless search queries for another, so it’s important to find a platform that you can work with. Once you’ve spent 20 minutes or so cruising a platform, you should be able to answer the following questions pretty easily. If you can’t, and a quick search of the site for specific answers doesn’t yield the necessary information, it’s likely a sign that the brokerage’s platform is not for you. Stock Broker's Quality and Usability All the educational resources in the world are useless if you can’t access them easily. A good platform or website should provide a wide range of educational offerings, in multiple mediums, to make sure customers are able to quickly and easily find the information they need in a format that works for their learning style. Before we dive into the specific types of educational resources you should expect from a good brokerage, let’s first make sure those resources are user-friendly. What Types of Educational Offerings Does the Broker Provide? Whether it offers videos, podcasts, user forums, or written articles, the format needs to work for you. Where Does the Information Come From? If the broker syndicates work from other sites, make sure those sites are reputable. If the site has a blog or other contributor content, then make sure the contributing authors have experience and authority you can trust. How Easy and Intuitive Is the Site or Platform to Navigate? Make sure getting from a research page to the trading screen is a simple process. You don't want to feel like you’re clicking in circles. Make sure different topics are easy to locate on the site. Does the Broker Offer Resources for Beginners? These can include glossaries or how-to articles, fundamental analysis, portfolio diversification, how to interpret technical studies, and other beginner topics. How Effective Is the Platform's Search Function? You can figure this out by typing in a common investing term or searching for topics you have questions about. How quickly was the search function able to retrieve the information you needed? Was this information immediately visible, or did you have to click through a few pages to get to it? Analytical Resources Is There Ample Analysis for Each Security? This should include analyst ratings from multiple sources, real-time news items, and applicable market and sector data. Is There Sufficient Fundamental Data Available? Stock profiles, for example, should include historical data for the issuing company, like earnings reports, financial statements (like cash flow, income statements, and balance sheets), dividend payments, stock splits or buybacks, and SEC filings. There should also be information about any insider trading activity. Is there market data for the U.S. and foreign markets? What about the industry and sector data? How deeply are you able to dive into the big-picture conditions surrounding market performance? Step 6: Ease of Depositing and Withdrawing Funds Especially if you’re investing to supplement your regular income, it’s important to know how easy it is to move money in and out of your brokerage account. If you’re looking to employ a more set-it-and-forget-it strategy, being able to withdraw funds may not be as big of a concern. Still, life often throws us things we don’t expect, so it’s prudent to review the deposit, withdrawal, and funds settlement terms of any brokerage you consider. Depositing Funds How Can You Deposit Money Into Your Brokerage Account? Find out if you can deposit funds via check, ACH transfer, wire, or credit card (this isn’t necessarily recommended, but it may still be an option). Make sure you verify whether or not there are any fees associated with these options – though most brokerages don’t charge for deposits. How Long Does It Take for Deposited Funds to Settle? If you’ve spotted an amazing trade entry but you don’t have enough cash in your account to execute it, settling times will suddenly become very important. Verify how many days it takes for deposited funds to be available for investment. Settlement times may vary depending on the source of the deposit. Note that you may see longer settlement times if you maintain a low balance or don’t trade very often. Does the Brokerage Offer Regular Checking or Savings Accounts That Can Facilitate Swifter Transfers? If the brokerage offers regular checking and savings accounts that are free (and FDIC insured), it might be easier to leave funds in a linked banking account so that they can be moved more quickly to your brokerage account if and when you need to bulk up your investment account. Withdrawing Funds How Long Does It Take Funds From the Sale of Your Investments to Settle? Make sure you check on settlement times for the different types of securities you will be trading. What About Dividend or Interest Distributions? How quickly are those funds available for investment? For withdrawal? How Easy Is It to Withdraw Funds From Your Brokerage Account? Find out if you can withdraw via ACH transfer, wire, or check and how long it will take for those funds to reach your bank account. Also, check to find out if there's a fee for withdrawal. Does the brokerage offer the option of a debit or ATM card attached to your account? Sometimes this is offered for a brokerage account, and other times you need to open a linked checking or savings account to access this option. If you do have the option of a card, find out which ATMs can you use and if there are any fees associated with card use. Step 7: Customer Service By now, you’ve likely narrowed your options to one or two brokerages that really blow you away in terms of resources, features, and usability. Whether you’ve found your perfect platform or you're still on the fence, take just a few more minutes to peruse the Help section of the brokerages you’re considering. If you're a new investor and you’re feeling overwhelmed, make sure you can get in touch with the service staff quickly and easily. If you’re technically challenged, make sure the tech support team is easy to contact and available round the clock. While these items won’t make or break your brokerage decision, it’s still important to ensure you understand how to get help when and if you need it. Is there a dedicated number you can call to speak to a human for trade assistance?Make sure you are aware of any additional fees for call-assisted trades.Is there an automated number you can call for basic queries?What about general help? What are the call-in hours for representative assistance?What are the hours of operation for phone lines? Can you call 24/7, or are the phones only staffed during normal business hours?For those who are interaction averse, is there an email address you can use to receive prompt assistance?Does the brokerage use a secure internal messaging system for important documents and account queries?Does the website have an online chat option for immediate assistance?What if you have a basic question but don’t want to bug a representative? Is there a searchable FAQ section that answers a wide range of questions?What about tech support? Are there dedicated phone lines, email addresses, or chat systems for accessing technical assistance? Step 8: Get Going and Next Steps We know it can be tempting to just sign up for whichever brokerage has the most aggressive ad campaign, but successful investing requires attention to detail long before you place your first trade. If you’re looking to make trading a long-term hobby, a future career, or just a means of bulking up your retirement fund, then it’s important that you use the tools and resources that will set you up for a successful and enjoyable experience. By following this in-depth guide, you’ve hopefully found the platform that will best serve your needs, whatever they might be. You can find help sorting through the different brokers on our stock broker reviews page. Once you’ve singled out your best brokerage, it’s time to get started. Don’t just set up an account and move on to the next thing. Really dive in. Use the educational and research resources available to you, start outlining your investment strategy, and make the most of all the tools at your disposal. You’ve spent valuable time identifying which features matter most to you—now it’s time to put them to work.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/amortization.asp
What Is an Amortization Schedule? How to Calculate with Formula
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-amortization"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Amortization? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Amortization is an accounting technique used to periodically lower the book value of a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loan.asp">loan</a> or an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intangibleasset.asp">intangible asset</a> over a set period of time. Concerning a loan, amortization focuses on spreading out loan payments over time. When applied to an asset, amortization is similar to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depreciation.asp">depreciation</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block download-link" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><a class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OOGE1Lbgb_krvNbN_K4WDgZ5ADPiY0B2/view?usp=sharing" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_1-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Spanish Translation of Amortization</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Amortization typically refers to the process of writing down the value of either a loan or an intangible asset.</li><li>Amortization schedules are used by lenders, such as financial institutions, to present a loan repayment schedule based on a specific maturity date.</li><li>Intangibles are amortized (expensed) over time to tie the cost of the asset to the revenues it generates, in accordance with the matching principle of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).</li><li>Negative amortization may happen when the payments of a loan are lower than the accumulated interest, causing the borrower to owe more money instead of less.</li><li>Most accounting and spreadsheet software have functions that can calculate amortization automatically.</li></ul></div></div></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Amortization" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/q4JIQJZSb_xX8Kqy98ks2x99dOM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Amortization_Final_4201631-42b04cd2ad724b96af0c5e8f8fded072.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/q4JIQJZSb_xX8Kqy98ks2x99dOM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Amortization_Final_4201631-42b04cd2ad724b96af0c5e8f8fded072.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/alMuuLNABYUn6A9F1mQtac7ibaE=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Amortization_Final_4201631-42b04cd2ad724b96af0c5e8f8fded072.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Amortization" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/q4JIQJZSb_xX8Kqy98ks2x99dOM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Amortization_Final_4201631-42b04cd2ad724b96af0c5e8f8fded072.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/alMuuLNABYUn6A9F1mQtac7ibaE=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Amortization_Final_4201631-42b04cd2ad724b96af0c5e8f8fded072.jpg 750w" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Paige McLaughlin</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-amortization"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Amortization </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The term “amortization” refers to two situations. First, amortization is used in the process of paying off debt through regular <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp">principal</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp">interest</a> payments over time. An amortization schedule is used to reduce the current balance on a loan—for example, a mortgage or a car loan—through <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/installmentdebt.asp">installment</a> payments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Second, amortization can also refer to the practice of spreading out <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalexpenditure.asp">capital expenses</a> related to intangible assets over a specific duration—usually over the asset’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usefullife.asp">useful life</a>—for accounting and tax purposes. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-amortization-of-loans"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Amortization of Loans </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Amortization can refer to the process of paying off debt over time in regular installments of interest and principal sufficient to repay the loan in full by its <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/maturitydate.asp">maturity date</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> A loan amortization schedule represents the complete table of periodic <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/loan-calculator-5104934">loan payments</a>, showing the amount of principal and interest that comprise each level payment until the loan is paid off at the end of its term. A higher percentage of the flat monthly payment goes toward interest early in the loan, but with each subsequent payment, a greater percentage of it goes toward the loan’s principal.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> Amortization can be calculated using most modern financial calculators, spreadsheet software packages (such as Microsoft Excel), or online <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/amortization-calculator-5086959">amortization calculators</a>. When entering into a loan agreement, the lender may provide a copy of the amortization schedule (or at least have identified the term of the loan in which payments must be made). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Amortization schedules can be customized based on your loan and your personal circumstances. With more sophisticated amortization calculators you can compare how making <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/acceleratedpayments.asp">accelerated payments</a> can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/acceleratedpayments.asp">accelerate your amortization</a>. If for example, you are expecting an inheritance or you get a set yearly bonus, you can use these tools to compare how applying that windfall to your debt can affect your loan's maturity date and your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest_cost.asp">interest cost</a> over the life of the loan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Accountants use amortization to spread out the costs of an asset over the useful lifetime of that asset.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-calculate-loan-amortization"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to calculate loan amortization </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> The formula to calculate the monthly principal due on an amortized loan is as follows: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span data-value="\begin{aligned}&amp;\text{Principal Payment} = \text{TMP} - \Big ( \text{OLB} \times \frac { \text{Interest Rate} }{ \text{12 Months} } \Big ) \\&amp;\textbf{where:} \\&amp;\text{TMP} = \text{Total monthly payment} \\&amp;\text{OLB} = \text{Outstanding loan balance} \\\end{aligned}"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> <math> <semantics> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> Principal Payment </mtext> <mo> = </mo> <mtext> TMP </mtext> <mo> − </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mtext> OLB </mtext> <mo> × </mo> <mfrac> <mtext> Interest Rate </mtext> <mtext> 12 Months </mtext> </mfrac> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> where: </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> TMP </mtext> <mo> = </mo> <mtext> Total monthly payment </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> OLB </mtext> <mo> = </mo> <mtext> Outstanding loan balance </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \begin{aligned}&amp;\text{Principal Payment} = \text{TMP} - \Big ( \text{OLB} \times \frac { \text{Interest Rate} }{ \text{12 Months} } \Big ) \\&amp;\textbf{where:} \\&amp;\text{TMP} = \text{Total monthly payment} \\&amp;\text{OLB} = \text{Outstanding loan balance} \\\end{aligned} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-r"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Principal Payment</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">TMP</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">OLB</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">12 Months</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="frac-line"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Interest Rate</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textbf">where:</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">TMP</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Total monthly payment</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">OLB</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Outstanding loan balance</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> Typically, the total monthly payment is specified when you take out a loan. However, if you are attempting to estimate or compare monthly payments based on a given set of factors, such as loan amount and interest rate, then you may need to calculate the monthly payment as well. If you need to calculate the total monthly payment for any reason, the formula is as follows: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span data-value="\begin{aligned}&amp;\text{Total Payment} = \text{Loan Amount} \times \Bigg [ \frac { i \times (1 + i) ^n }{ (1 + i)^n - 1 } \Bigg ] \\&amp;\textbf{where:} \\&amp;i = \text{Monthly interest payment} \\&amp;n = \text{Number of payments} \\\end{aligned}"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> <math> <semantics> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> Total Payment </mtext> <mo> = </mo> <mtext> Loan Amount </mtext> <mo> × </mo> <mo> [ </mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi> i </mi> <mo> × </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <mi> i </mi> <msup> <mo> ) </mo> <mi> n </mi> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <mi> i </mi> <msup> <mo> ) </mo> <mi> n </mi> </msup> <mo> − </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> ] </mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mtext> where: </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> i </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mtext> Monthly interest payment </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mtext> Number of payments </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \begin{aligned}&amp;\text{Total Payment} = \text{Loan Amount} \times \Bigg [ \frac { i \times (1 + i) ^n }{ (1 + i)^n - 1 } \Bigg ] \\&amp;\textbf{where:} \\&amp;i = \text{Monthly interest payment} \\&amp;n = \text{Number of payments} \\\end{aligned} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-r"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Total Payment</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Loan Amount</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size4">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="frac-line"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size4">]</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord textbf">where:</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Monthly interest payment</span></span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Number of payments</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> You’ll need to divide your annual interest rate by 12. For example, if your annual interest rate is 3%, then your monthly interest rate will be 0.25% (0.03 annual interest rate ÷ 12 months). You'll also multiply the number of years in your loan term by 12. For example, a four-year car loan would have 48 payments (four years × 12 months). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Preparing amortization schedules </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Amortization schedules usually have six columns, each communicating information to the borrower and lender. The six columns are often laid out as shown below: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td> <b>Period</b></td> <td><b>Beginning Loan Balance</b></td> <td><b>Payment</b></td> <td><b>Interest</b></td> <td><b>Principal</b></td> <td><b>Ending Loan Balance</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Month or period</td> <td>Amount of debt owed at the start of the month or period</td> <td>Amount due each month (often a fixed amount over the term of the loan)</td> <td>Amount of interest included in the payment (loan balance * 1/12 of interest)</td> <td>Amount of principal included in loan payment (Payment - Interest)</td> <td>Amount of debt owed at the end of the month or period (Beginning Loan Balance - Principal)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <li>The <strong>period </strong>is the timing of each loan payment, often represented on a monthly basis. However, each row on an amortization represents a payment so if a loan is due bi-weekly or quarterly, the period will be the same. This column helps a borrower and lender understand which payments will be broken down in what ways. This may either be shown as a payment number (i.e., Payment 1, Payment 2, etc.) or a date (i.e. 1/1/2023, 2/1/2023, etc.).</li> <li>The <strong>beginning loan balance</strong> is the amount of debt owed at the beginning of the period. This amount is either the original amount of the loan or the amount carried over from the prior month (last month's ending loan balance equals this month's beginning loan balance).</li> <li>The <strong>payment </strong>is the monthly obligation calculated above. This will often remain constant over the term of the loan. Though you usually calculate the payment amount before calculating interest and principal, payment is equal to the sum of principal and interest.</li> <li>The <strong>interest </strong>portion is the amount of the payment that gets applied as interest expense. This is often calculated as the outstanding loan balance multiplied by the interest rate attributable to this period's portion of the rate. For example, if a payment is owed monthly, this interest rate may be calculated as 1/12 of the interest rate multiplied by the beginning balance. Always be mindful of how a lender calculates, applies, and compounds your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/apr.asp">annual percentage rate</a> as this impacts your schedule. As the outstanding loan balance decreases over time, less interest should be charged each period.</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li>The <strong>principal </strong>portion is simply the left over amount of the payment. This is the total payment amount less the amount of interest expense for this period. As the outstanding loan balance decreases over time, less interest will be charged, so the value of this column should increase over time.</li> <li>The <strong>ending loan balance</strong> is the difference between the beginning loan balance and the principal portion. This represents the new debt balance owed based on the payment made for the new period.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-and-cons-of-loan-amortization"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros and Cons of Loan Amortization </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> Amortized loans feature a level payment over their lives, which helps individuals budget their cash flows over the long term. Amortized loans are also beneficial in that there is always a principal component in each payment, so that the outstanding balance of the loan is reduced incrementally over time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> The main drawback of amortized loans is that relatively little principal is paid off in the early stages of the loan, with most of each payment going toward interest. This means that for a mortgage, for example, very little equity is being built up early on, which is unhelpful if you want to sell a home after just a few years. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-amortization-of-intangible-assets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Amortization of Intangible Assets </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> Amortization can also refer to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/amortization-of-intangibles.asp">amortization of intangibles</a>. In this case, amortization is the process of expensing the cost of an intangible asset over the projected life of the asset. It measures the consumption of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/010815/how-does-goodwill-amortize.asp">value of an intangible asset</a>, such as goodwill, a patent, a trademark, or copyright. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> Amortization is calculated <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/amortizationvsdepreciation.asp">in a similar manner to depreciation</a>—which is used for tangible assets, such as equipment, buildings, vehicles, and other assets subject to physical wear and tear—and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depletion.asp">depletion</a>, which is used for natural resources. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> When businesses amortize expenses over time, they help tie the cost of using an asset to the revenues that it generates in the same <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accountingperiod.asp">accounting period</a>, in accordance with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gaap.asp">generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)</a>. For example, a company benefits from the use of a long-term asset over a number of years. Thus, it writes off the expense incrementally over the useful life of that asset. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> The amortization of intangibles is also useful in tax planning. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows taxpayers to take a deduction for certain expenses: geological and geophysical expenses incurred in oil and natural gas exploration, atmospheric pollution control facilities, bond premiums, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/randd.asp">research and development (R&amp;D)</a>, lease acquisition, forestation and reforestation, and intangibles, such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>The IRS has schedules that dictate the total number of years in which to expense tangible and intangible assets for tax purposes.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-is-amortization-important"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why Is Amortization Important? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> Amortization is important because it helps businesses and investors understand and forecast their costs over time. In the context of loan repayment, amortization schedules provide clarity concerning the portion of a loan payment that consists of interest versus the portion that is principal. This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments on income tax forms. It is also useful for planning to understand what a company's future debt balance will be after a series of payments have already been made. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> Amortizing intangible assets is important because it can reduce a business's taxable income, and therefore its tax liability, while giving investors a better understanding of the company’s true earnings. Intangible assets also have a finite useful life; over time, trademarks or patents may lose their value due to obsolescence. Amortizing intangible assets is also a reflection of how a company has "used up" the benefit of these assets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-amortization-vs-depreciation"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Amortization vs. Depreciation </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> Amortization and depreciation are similar concepts, in that both attempt to capture the cost of holding an asset over time. The main difference between them, however, is that amortization refers to intangible assets, whereas depreciation refers to tangible assets. Examples of intangible assets include trademarks and patents; tangible assets include equipment, buildings, vehicles, and other assets subject to physical wear and tear. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> Another difference is the accounting treatment in which different assets are reduced on the balance sheet. Amortizing an intangible asset is performed by directly crediting (reducing) that specific asset account. Alternatively, depreciation is recorded by crediting an account called <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accumulated-depreciation.asp">accumulated depreciation</a>, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/contraaccount.asp">contra asset</a> account. The historical cost of fixed assets remains on a company's books; however, the company also reports this contra asset amount as a net reduced book value amount. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> Finally, the calculation of each can be different. This is especially true when comparing depreciation to the amortization of a loan. Intangible assets are often amortized over their useful life using the straight-line method, while fixed assets often use a much more broad set of calculation methods (i.e., <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decliningbalancemethod.asp">declining balance method</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/double-declining-balance-depreciation-method.asp">double-declining balance method</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sum-of-the-years-digits.asp">sum-of-the-years' digits method</a>, or the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unit-of-production-method.asp">units of production method</a>). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-amortization"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of Amortization </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> Let’s look at a four-year, $30,000 auto loan at 3% interest. The monthly payment is going to be $664.03. That is arrived at as follows: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> <span data-value="\begin{aligned}&amp;\$30,000 \times \Bigg ( \frac { 0.0025 \times (1.0025 \div 48) }{ 1.0025 \div 48 } - 1 \Bigg ) \\\end{aligned}"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> <math> <semantics> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> $ </mi> <mn> 30 </mn> <mo> , </mo> <mn> 000 </mn> <mo> × </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn> 0.0025 </mn> <mo> × </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 1.0025 </mn> <mo> ÷ </mo> <mn> 48 </mn> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn> 1.0025 </mn> <mo> ÷ </mo> <mn> 48 </mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> − </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \begin{aligned}&amp;\$30,000 \times \Bigg ( \frac { 0.0025 \times (1.0025 \div 48) }{ 1.0025 \div 48 } - 1 \Bigg ) \\\end{aligned} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-r"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord">$</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size4">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">5</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">÷</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord">8</span></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="frac-line"></span></span><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">5</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">5</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">÷</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord">8</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size4">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> In the first month, $75 of the $664.03 monthly payment goes to interest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> <span data-value="\begin{aligned}&amp;\$30,000 \ \text{loan balance} \times 3\% \ \text{interest rate} \div 12 \ \text{months} \\\end{aligned}"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> <math> <semantics> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> $ </mi> <mn> 30 </mn> <mo> , </mo> <mn> 000 </mn> <mtext>  loan balance </mtext> <mo> × </mo> <mn> 3 </mn> <mi> % </mi> <mtext>  interest rate </mtext> <mo> ÷ </mo> <mn> 12 </mn> <mtext>  months </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \begin{aligned}&amp;\$30,000 \ \text{loan balance} \times 3\% \ \text{interest rate} \div 12 \ \text{months} \\\end{aligned} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-r"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord">$</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mspace"> </span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">loan balance</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord">%</span><span class="mspace"> </span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">interest rate</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">÷</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mspace"> </span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">months</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> The remaining $589.03 goes toward principal. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> <span data-value="\begin{aligned}&amp;\$664.03 \ \text{total monthly payment} - \$75 \ \text{interest payment} \\ \end{aligned}"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> <math> <semantics> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow></mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle> <mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mi> $ </mi> <mn> 664.03 </mn> <mtext>  total monthly payment </mtext> <mo> − </mo> <mi> $ </mi> <mn> 75 </mn> <mtext>  interest payment </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \begin{aligned}&amp;\$664.03 \ \text{total monthly payment} - \$75 \ \text{interest payment} \\ \end{aligned} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-r"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""><span class="pstrut"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"></span><span class="mord">$</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mspace"> </span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">total monthly payment</span></span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace"></span><span class="mord">$</span><span class="mord">7</span><span class="mord">5</span><span class="mspace"> </span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">interest payment</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> The total payment stays the same each month, while the portion going to principal increases and the portion going to interest decreases. In the final month, only $1.66 is paid in interest, because the outstanding loan balance at that point is very minimal compared with the starting loan balance. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="5">Loan Amortization Schedule</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Period</th> <th>Total Payment Due</th> <th>Computed Interest Due</th> <th>Principal Due</th> <th>Principal Balance</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <th> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>$30,000</td> </tr> <tr> <th>1</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$75</td> <td>$589.03</td> <td>$29,410.97</td> </tr> <tr> <th>2</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$73.53</td> <td>$590.50</td> <td>$28,820.47</td> </tr> <tr> <th>3</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$72.05</td> <td>$591.98</td> <td>$28,228.49</td> </tr> <tr> <th>4</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$70.57</td> <td>$593.46</td> <td>$27,635.03</td> </tr> <tr> <th>5</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$69.09</td> <td>$594.94</td> <td>$27,040.09</td> </tr> <tr> <th>6</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$67.60</td> <td>$596.43</td> <td>$26,443.66</td> </tr> <tr> <th>7</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$66.11</td> <td>$597.92</td> <td>$25,845.74</td> </tr> <tr> <th>8</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$64.61</td> <td>$599.42</td> <td>$25,246.32</td> </tr> <tr> <th>9</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$63.12</td> <td>$600.91</td> <td>$24,645.41</td> </tr> <tr> <th>10</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$61.61</td> <td>$602.42</td> <td>$24,042.99</td> </tr> <tr> <th>11</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$60.11</td> <td>$603.92</td> <td>$23,439.07</td> </tr> <tr> <th>12</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$58.60</td> <td>$605.43</td> <td>$22,833.64</td> </tr> <tr> <th>13</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$57.08</td> <td>$606.95</td> <td>$22,226.69</td> </tr> <tr> <th>14</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$55.57</td> <td>$608.46</td> <td>$21,618.23</td> </tr> <tr> <th>15</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$54.05</td> <td>$609.98</td> <td>$21,008.24</td> </tr> <tr> <th>16</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$52.52</td> <td>$611.51</td> <td>$20,396.73</td> </tr> <tr> <th>17</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$50.99</td> <td>$613.04</td> <td>$19,783.69</td> </tr> <tr> <th>18</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$49.46</td> <td>$614.57</td> <td>$19,169.12</td> </tr> <tr> <th>19</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$47.92</td> <td>$616.11</td> <td>$18,553.02</td> </tr> <tr> <th>20</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$46.38</td> <td>$617.65</td> <td>$17,935.37</td> </tr> <tr> <th>21</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$44.84</td> <td>$619.19</td> <td>$17,316.18</td> </tr> <tr> <th>22</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$43.29</td> <td>$620.74</td> <td>$16,695.44</td> </tr> <tr> <th>23</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$41.74</td> <td>$622.29</td> <td>$16,073.15</td> </tr> <tr> <th>24</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$40.18</td> <td>$623.85</td> <td>$15,449.30</td> </tr> <tr> <th>25</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$38.62</td> <td>$625.41</td> <td>$14,823.89</td> </tr> <tr> <th>26</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$37.06</td> <td>$626.97</td> <td>$14,196.92</td> </tr> <tr> <th>27</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$35.49</td> <td>$628.54</td> <td>$13,568.38</td> </tr> <tr> <th>28</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$33.92</td> <td>$630.11</td> <td>$12,938.28</td> </tr> <tr> <th>29</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$32.35</td> <td>$631.68</td> <td>$12,306.59</td> </tr> <tr> <th>30</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$30.77</td> <td>$633.26</td> <td>$11,673.33</td> </tr> <tr> <th>31</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$29.18</td> <td>$634.85</td> <td>$11,038.48</td> </tr> <tr> <th>32</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$27.60</td> <td>$636.43</td> <td>$10,402.05</td> </tr> <tr> <th>33</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$26.01</td> <td>$638.02</td> <td>$9,764.02</td> </tr> <tr> <th>34</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$24.41</td> <td>$639.62</td> <td>$9,124.40</td> </tr> <tr> <th>35</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$22.81</td> <td>$641.22</td> <td>$8,483.18</td> </tr> <tr> <th>36</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$21.21</td> <td>$642.82</td> <td>$7,840.36</td> </tr> <tr> <th>37</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$19.60</td> <td>$644.43</td> <td>$7,195.93</td> </tr> <tr> <th>38</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$17.99</td> <td>$646.04</td> <td>$6,549.89</td> </tr> <tr> <th>39</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$16.37</td> <td>$647.66</td> <td>$5,902.24</td> </tr> <tr> <th>40</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$14.76</td> <td>$649.27</td> <td>$5,252.96</td> </tr> <tr> <th>41</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$13.13</td> <td>$650.90</td> <td>$4,602.06</td> </tr> <tr> <th>42</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$11.51</td> <td>$652.52</td> <td>$3,949.54</td> </tr> <tr> <th>43</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$9.87</td> <td>$654.16</td> <td>$3,295.38</td> </tr> <tr> <th>44</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$8.24</td> <td>$655.79</td> <td>$2,639.59</td> </tr> <tr> <th>45</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$6.60</td> <td>$657.43</td> <td>$1,982.16</td> </tr> <tr> <th>46</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$4.96</td> <td>$659.07</td> <td>$1,323.09</td> </tr> <tr> <th>47</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$3.31</td> <td>$660.72</td> <td>$662.36</td> </tr> <tr> <th>48</th> <td>$664.03</td> <td>$1.66</td> <td>$662.36</td> <td>$0.00</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-negative-amortization"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is Negative Amortization?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/negativeamortization.asp">Negative amortization</a> is when the size of a debt increases with each payment, even if you pay on time. This happens because the interest on the loan is greater than the amount of each payment. Negative amortization is particularly dangerous with credit cards, whose interest rates can be as high as 20% or even 30%. In order to avoid owing more money later, it is important to avoid over-borrowing and to pay off your debts as quickly as possible.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-amortization-mean-for-intangible-assets"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Does Amortization Mean for Intangible Assets?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Amortization measures the declining value of intangible assets, such as goodwill, trademarks, patents, and copyrights. This is calculated in a similar manner to the depreciation of tangible assets, like factories and equipment. When businesses amortize intangible assets over time, they are able to tie the cost of those assets with the revenue generated over each accounting period and deduct the costs over the lifetime of the asset.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-is-amortization-important-in-accounting"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Why Is Amortization Important in Accounting?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Amortization helps businesses and investors understand and forecast their costs over time. In the context of loan repayment, amortization schedules provide clarity into what portion of a loan payment consists of interest versus principal. This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments for tax purposes. Amortizing intangible assets is also important because it can reduce a company’s taxable income and therefore its tax liability, while giving investors a better understanding of the company’s true earnings.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-you-amortize-a-loan"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do You Amortize a Loan?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A loan is amortized by determining the monthly payment due over the term of the loan. Next, you prepare an amortization schedule that clearly identifies what portion of each month's payment is attributable towards interest and what portion of each month's payment is attributable towards principal.</p><p>Since part of the payment will theoretically be applied to the outstanding principal balance, the amount of interest paid each month will decrease. Your payment should theoretically remain the same each month, which means more of your monthly payment will apply to principal, thereby paying down over time the amount you borrowed.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-30-year-amortization-schedule"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a 30-Year Amortization Schedule?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A 30-year amortization schedule breaks down how much of a level payment on a loan goes toward either principal or interest over the course of 360 months (for example, on a 30-year mortgage). Early in the life of the loan, most of the monthly payment goes toward interest, while toward the end it is mostly made up of principal. It can be presented either as a table or in graphical form as a chart.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"> Amortization is a technique of gradually reducing an account balance over time. When amortizing loans, a gradually escalating portion of the monthly debt payment is applied to the principal. When amortizing intangible assets, amortization is similar to depreciation, where a fixed percentage of an asset's book value is reduced each month. This technique is used to reflect how the benefit of an asset is received by a company over time. </p></div>
## What Is Amortization? Amortization is an accounting technique used to periodically lower the book value of a [loan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loan.asp) or an [intangible asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intangibleasset.asp) over a set period of time. Concerning a loan, amortization focuses on spreading out loan payments over time. When applied to an asset, amortization is similar to [depreciation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depreciation.asp). [Spanish Translation of Amortization](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OOGE1Lbgb_krvNbN_K4WDgZ5ADPiY0B2/view?usp=sharing) ### Key Takeaways * Amortization typically refers to the process of writing down the value of either a loan or an intangible asset. * Amortization schedules are used by lenders, such as financial institutions, to present a loan repayment schedule based on a specific maturity date. * Intangibles are amortized (expensed) over time to tie the cost of the asset to the revenues it generates, in accordance with the matching principle of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). * Negative amortization may happen when the payments of a loan are lower than the accumulated interest, causing the borrower to owe more money instead of less. * Most accounting and spreadsheet software have functions that can calculate amortization automatically. ![Amortization]() ![Amortization](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/q4JIQJZSb_xX8Kqy98ks2x99dOM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Amortization_Final_4201631-42b04cd2ad724b96af0c5e8f8fded072.jpg) Investopedia / Paige McLaughlin ## Understanding Amortization The term “amortization” refers to two situations. First, amortization is used in the process of paying off debt through regular [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp) and [interest](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp) payments over time. An amortization schedule is used to reduce the current balance on a loan—for example, a mortgage or a car loan—through [installment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/installmentdebt.asp) payments. Second, amortization can also refer to the practice of spreading out [capital expenses](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalexpenditure.asp) related to intangible assets over a specific duration—usually over the asset’s [useful life](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usefullife.asp)—for accounting and tax purposes. ## Amortization of Loans Amortization can refer to the process of paying off debt over time in regular installments of interest and principal sufficient to repay the loan in full by its [maturity date](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/maturitydate.asp). A loan amortization schedule represents the complete table of periodic [loan payments](https://www.investopedia.com/loan-calculator-5104934), showing the amount of principal and interest that comprise each level payment until the loan is paid off at the end of its term. A higher percentage of the flat monthly payment goes toward interest early in the loan, but with each subsequent payment, a greater percentage of it goes toward the loan’s principal. Amortization can be calculated using most modern financial calculators, spreadsheet software packages (such as Microsoft Excel), or online [amortization calculators](https://www.investopedia.com/amortization-calculator-5086959). When entering into a loan agreement, the lender may provide a copy of the amortization schedule (or at least have identified the term of the loan in which payments must be made). Amortization schedules can be customized based on your loan and your personal circumstances. With more sophisticated amortization calculators you can compare how making [accelerated payments](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/acceleratedpayments.asp) can [accelerate your amortization](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/acceleratedpayments.asp). If for example, you are expecting an inheritance or you get a set yearly bonus, you can use these tools to compare how applying that windfall to your debt can affect your loan's maturity date and your [interest cost](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest_cost.asp) over the life of the loan. ### Accountants use amortization to spread out the costs of an asset over the useful lifetime of that asset. ## How to calculate loan amortization The formula to calculate the monthly principal due on an amortized loan is as follows: Principal Payment = TMP − ( OLB × Interest Rate 12 Months ) where: TMP = Total monthly payment OLB = Outstanding loan balance \begin{aligned}&\text{Principal Payment} = \text{TMP} - \Big ( \text{OLB} \times \frac { \text{Interest Rate} }{ \text{12 Months} } \Big ) \\&\textbf{where:} \\&\text{TMP} = \text{Total monthly payment} \\&\text{OLB} = \text{Outstanding loan balance} \\\end{aligned} ​Principal Payment=TMP−(OLB×12 MonthsInterest Rate​)where:TMP=Total monthly paymentOLB=Outstanding loan balance​ Typically, the total monthly payment is specified when you take out a loan. However, if you are attempting to estimate or compare monthly payments based on a given set of factors, such as loan amount and interest rate, then you may need to calculate the monthly payment as well. If you need to calculate the total monthly payment for any reason, the formula is as follows: Total Payment = Loan Amount × [ i × ( 1 + i ) n ( 1 + i ) n − 1 ] where: i = Monthly interest payment n = Number of payments \begin{aligned}&\text{Total Payment} = \text{Loan Amount} \times \Bigg [ \frac { i \times (1 + i) ^n }{ (1 + i)^n - 1 } \Bigg ] \\&\textbf{where:} \\&i = \text{Monthly interest payment} \\&n = \text{Number of payments} \\\end{aligned} ​Total Payment=Loan Amount×[(1+i)n−1i×(1+i)n​]where:i=Monthly interest paymentn=Number of payments​ You’ll need to divide your annual interest rate by 12. For example, if your annual interest rate is 3%, then your monthly interest rate will be 0.25% (0.03 annual interest rate ÷ 12 months). You'll also multiply the number of years in your loan term by 12. For example, a four-year car loan would have 48 payments (four years × 12 months). ### Preparing amortization schedules Amortization schedules usually have six columns, each communicating information to the borrower and lender. The six columns are often laid out as shown below: | **Period** | **Beginning Loan Balance** | **Payment** | **Interest** | **Principal** | **Ending Loan Balance** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Month or period | Amount of debt owed at the start of the month or period | Amount due each month (often a fixed amount over the term of the loan) | Amount of interest included in the payment (loan balance \* 1/12 of interest) | Amount of principal included in loan payment (Payment - Interest) | Amount of debt owed at the end of the month or period (Beginning Loan Balance - Principal) | * The **period** is the timing of each loan payment, often represented on a monthly basis. However, each row on an amortization represents a payment so if a loan is due bi-weekly or quarterly, the period will be the same. This column helps a borrower and lender understand which payments will be broken down in what ways. This may either be shown as a payment number (i.e., Payment 1, Payment 2, etc.) or a date (i.e. 1/1/2023, 2/1/2023, etc.). * The **beginning loan balance** is the amount of debt owed at the beginning of the period. This amount is either the original amount of the loan or the amount carried over from the prior month (last month's ending loan balance equals this month's beginning loan balance). * The **payment** is the monthly obligation calculated above. This will often remain constant over the term of the loan. Though you usually calculate the payment amount before calculating interest and principal, payment is equal to the sum of principal and interest. * The **interest** portion is the amount of the payment that gets applied as interest expense. This is often calculated as the outstanding loan balance multiplied by the interest rate attributable to this period's portion of the rate. For example, if a payment is owed monthly, this interest rate may be calculated as 1/12 of the interest rate multiplied by the beginning balance. Always be mindful of how a lender calculates, applies, and compounds your [annual percentage rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/apr.asp) as this impacts your schedule. As the outstanding loan balance decreases over time, less interest should be charged each period. * The **principal** portion is simply the left over amount of the payment. This is the total payment amount less the amount of interest expense for this period. As the outstanding loan balance decreases over time, less interest will be charged, so the value of this column should increase over time. * The **ending loan balance** is the difference between the beginning loan balance and the principal portion. This represents the new debt balance owed based on the payment made for the new period. ## Pros and Cons of Loan Amortization Amortized loans feature a level payment over their lives, which helps individuals budget their cash flows over the long term. Amortized loans are also beneficial in that there is always a principal component in each payment, so that the outstanding balance of the loan is reduced incrementally over time. The main drawback of amortized loans is that relatively little principal is paid off in the early stages of the loan, with most of each payment going toward interest. This means that for a mortgage, for example, very little equity is being built up early on, which is unhelpful if you want to sell a home after just a few years. ## Amortization of Intangible Assets Amortization can also refer to the [amortization of intangibles](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/amortization-of-intangibles.asp). In this case, amortization is the process of expensing the cost of an intangible asset over the projected life of the asset. It measures the consumption of the [value of an intangible asset](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/010815/how-does-goodwill-amortize.asp), such as goodwill, a patent, a trademark, or copyright. Amortization is calculated [in a similar manner to depreciation](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/amortizationvsdepreciation.asp)—which is used for tangible assets, such as equipment, buildings, vehicles, and other assets subject to physical wear and tear—and [depletion](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depletion.asp), which is used for natural resources. When businesses amortize expenses over time, they help tie the cost of using an asset to the revenues that it generates in the same [accounting period](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accountingperiod.asp), in accordance with [generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gaap.asp). For example, a company benefits from the use of a long-term asset over a number of years. Thus, it writes off the expense incrementally over the useful life of that asset. The amortization of intangibles is also useful in tax planning. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows taxpayers to take a deduction for certain expenses: geological and geophysical expenses incurred in oil and natural gas exploration, atmospheric pollution control facilities, bond premiums, [research and development (R&D)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/randd.asp), lease acquisition, forestation and reforestation, and intangibles, such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks. ### The IRS has schedules that dictate the total number of years in which to expense tangible and intangible assets for tax purposes. ## Why Is Amortization Important? Amortization is important because it helps businesses and investors understand and forecast their costs over time. In the context of loan repayment, amortization schedules provide clarity concerning the portion of a loan payment that consists of interest versus the portion that is principal. This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments on income tax forms. It is also useful for planning to understand what a company's future debt balance will be after a series of payments have already been made. Amortizing intangible assets is important because it can reduce a business's taxable income, and therefore its tax liability, while giving investors a better understanding of the company’s true earnings. Intangible assets also have a finite useful life; over time, trademarks or patents may lose their value due to obsolescence. Amortizing intangible assets is also a reflection of how a company has "used up" the benefit of these assets. ## Amortization vs. Depreciation Amortization and depreciation are similar concepts, in that both attempt to capture the cost of holding an asset over time. The main difference between them, however, is that amortization refers to intangible assets, whereas depreciation refers to tangible assets. Examples of intangible assets include trademarks and patents; tangible assets include equipment, buildings, vehicles, and other assets subject to physical wear and tear. Another difference is the accounting treatment in which different assets are reduced on the balance sheet. Amortizing an intangible asset is performed by directly crediting (reducing) that specific asset account. Alternatively, depreciation is recorded by crediting an account called [accumulated depreciation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accumulated-depreciation.asp), a [contra asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/contraaccount.asp) account. The historical cost of fixed assets remains on a company's books; however, the company also reports this contra asset amount as a net reduced book value amount. Finally, the calculation of each can be different. This is especially true when comparing depreciation to the amortization of a loan. Intangible assets are often amortized over their useful life using the straight-line method, while fixed assets often use a much more broad set of calculation methods (i.e., [declining balance method](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decliningbalancemethod.asp), [double-declining balance method](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/double-declining-balance-depreciation-method.asp), [sum-of-the-years' digits method](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sum-of-the-years-digits.asp), or the [units of production method](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unit-of-production-method.asp)). ## Example of Amortization Let’s look at a four-year, $30,000 auto loan at 3% interest. The monthly payment is going to be $664.03. That is arrived at as follows: $ 30 , 000 × ( 0.0025 × ( 1.0025 ÷ 48 ) 1.0025 ÷ 48 − 1 ) \begin{aligned}&\$30,000 \times \Bigg ( \frac { 0.0025 \times (1.0025 \div 48) }{ 1.0025 \div 48 } - 1 \Bigg ) \\\end{aligned} ​$30,000×(1.0025÷480.0025×(1.0025÷48)​−1)​ In the first month, $75 of the $664.03 monthly payment goes to interest. $ 30 , 000  loan balance × 3 %  interest rate ÷ 12  months \begin{aligned}&\$30,000 \ \text{loan balance} \times 3\% \ \text{interest rate} \div 12 \ \text{months} \\\end{aligned} ​$30,000 loan balance×3% interest rate÷12 months​ The remaining $589.03 goes toward principal. $ 664.03  total monthly payment − $ 75  interest payment \begin{aligned}&\$664.03 \ \text{total monthly payment} - \$75 \ \text{interest payment} \\ \end{aligned} ​$664.03 total monthly payment−$75 interest payment​ The total payment stays the same each month, while the portion going to principal increases and the portion going to interest decreases. In the final month, only $1.66 is paid in interest, because the outstanding loan balance at that point is very minimal compared with the starting loan balance. | Loan Amortization Schedule | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Period | Total Payment Due | Computed Interest Due | Principal Due | Principal Balance | | | | | | $30,000 | | 1 | $664.03 | $75 | $589.03 | $29,410.97 | | 2 | $664.03 | $73.53 | $590.50 | $28,820.47 | | 3 | $664.03 | $72.05 | $591.98 | $28,228.49 | | 4 | $664.03 | $70.57 | $593.46 | $27,635.03 | | 5 | $664.03 | $69.09 | $594.94 | $27,040.09 | | 6 | $664.03 | $67.60 | $596.43 | $26,443.66 | | 7 | $664.03 | $66.11 | $597.92 | $25,845.74 | | 8 | $664.03 | $64.61 | $599.42 | $25,246.32 | | 9 | $664.03 | $63.12 | $600.91 | $24,645.41 | | 10 | $664.03 | $61.61 | $602.42 | $24,042.99 | | 11 | $664.03 | $60.11 | $603.92 | $23,439.07 | | 12 | $664.03 | $58.60 | $605.43 | $22,833.64 | | 13 | $664.03 | $57.08 | $606.95 | $22,226.69 | | 14 | $664.03 | $55.57 | $608.46 | $21,618.23 | | 15 | $664.03 | $54.05 | $609.98 | $21,008.24 | | 16 | $664.03 | $52.52 | $611.51 | $20,396.73 | | 17 | $664.03 | $50.99 | $613.04 | $19,783.69 | | 18 | $664.03 | $49.46 | $614.57 | $19,169.12 | | 19 | $664.03 | $47.92 | $616.11 | $18,553.02 | | 20 | $664.03 | $46.38 | $617.65 | $17,935.37 | | 21 | $664.03 | $44.84 | $619.19 | $17,316.18 | | 22 | $664.03 | $43.29 | $620.74 | $16,695.44 | | 23 | $664.03 | $41.74 | $622.29 | $16,073.15 | | 24 | $664.03 | $40.18 | $623.85 | $15,449.30 | | 25 | $664.03 | $38.62 | $625.41 | $14,823.89 | | 26 | $664.03 | $37.06 | $626.97 | $14,196.92 | | 27 | $664.03 | $35.49 | $628.54 | $13,568.38 | | 28 | $664.03 | $33.92 | $630.11 | $12,938.28 | | 29 | $664.03 | $32.35 | $631.68 | $12,306.59 | | 30 | $664.03 | $30.77 | $633.26 | $11,673.33 | | 31 | $664.03 | $29.18 | $634.85 | $11,038.48 | | 32 | $664.03 | $27.60 | $636.43 | $10,402.05 | | 33 | $664.03 | $26.01 | $638.02 | $9,764.02 | | 34 | $664.03 | $24.41 | $639.62 | $9,124.40 | | 35 | $664.03 | $22.81 | $641.22 | $8,483.18 | | 36 | $664.03 | $21.21 | $642.82 | $7,840.36 | | 37 | $664.03 | $19.60 | $644.43 | $7,195.93 | | 38 | $664.03 | $17.99 | $646.04 | $6,549.89 | | 39 | $664.03 | $16.37 | $647.66 | $5,902.24 | | 40 | $664.03 | $14.76 | $649.27 | $5,252.96 | | 41 | $664.03 | $13.13 | $650.90 | $4,602.06 | | 42 | $664.03 | $11.51 | $652.52 | $3,949.54 | | 43 | $664.03 | $9.87 | $654.16 | $3,295.38 | | 44 | $664.03 | $8.24 | $655.79 | $2,639.59 | | 45 | $664.03 | $6.60 | $657.43 | $1,982.16 | | 46 | $664.03 | $4.96 | $659.07 | $1,323.09 | | 47 | $664.03 | $3.31 | $660.72 | $662.36 | | 48 | $664.03 | $1.66 | $662.36 | $0.00 | ## What Is Negative Amortization? [Negative amortization](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/negativeamortization.asp) is when the size of a debt increases with each payment, even if you pay on time. This happens because the interest on the loan is greater than the amount of each payment. Negative amortization is particularly dangerous with credit cards, whose interest rates can be as high as 20% or even 30%. In order to avoid owing more money later, it is important to avoid over-borrowing and to pay off your debts as quickly as possible. ## What Does Amortization Mean for Intangible Assets? Amortization measures the declining value of intangible assets, such as goodwill, trademarks, patents, and copyrights. This is calculated in a similar manner to the depreciation of tangible assets, like factories and equipment. When businesses amortize intangible assets over time, they are able to tie the cost of those assets with the revenue generated over each accounting period and deduct the costs over the lifetime of the asset. ## Why Is Amortization Important in Accounting? Amortization helps businesses and investors understand and forecast their costs over time. In the context of loan repayment, amortization schedules provide clarity into what portion of a loan payment consists of interest versus principal. This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments for tax purposes. Amortizing intangible assets is also important because it can reduce a company’s taxable income and therefore its tax liability, while giving investors a better understanding of the company’s true earnings. ## How Do You Amortize a Loan? A loan is amortized by determining the monthly payment due over the term of the loan. Next, you prepare an amortization schedule that clearly identifies what portion of each month's payment is attributable towards interest and what portion of each month's payment is attributable towards principal. Since part of the payment will theoretically be applied to the outstanding principal balance, the amount of interest paid each month will decrease. Your payment should theoretically remain the same each month, which means more of your monthly payment will apply to principal, thereby paying down over time the amount you borrowed. ## What Is a 30-Year Amortization Schedule? A 30-year amortization schedule breaks down how much of a level payment on a loan goes toward either principal or interest over the course of 360 months (for example, on a 30-year mortgage). Early in the life of the loan, most of the monthly payment goes toward interest, while toward the end it is mostly made up of principal. It can be presented either as a table or in graphical form as a chart. ## The Bottom Line Amortization is a technique of gradually reducing an account balance over time. When amortizing loans, a gradually escalating portion of the monthly debt payment is applied to the principal. When amortizing intangible assets, amortization is similar to depreciation, where a fixed percentage of an asset's book value is reduced each month. This technique is used to reflect how the benefit of an asset is received by a company over time.
What Is Amortization? Amortization is an accounting technique used to periodically lower the book value of a loan or an intangible asset over a set period of time. Concerning a loan, amortization focuses on spreading out loan payments over time. When applied to an asset, amortization is similar to depreciation. Spanish Translation of Amortization Key Takeaways Amortization typically refers to the process of writing down the value of either a loan or an intangible asset.Amortization schedules are used by lenders, such as financial institutions, to present a loan repayment schedule based on a specific maturity date.Intangibles are amortized (expensed) over time to tie the cost of the asset to the revenues it generates, in accordance with the matching principle of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).Negative amortization may happen when the payments of a loan are lower than the accumulated interest, causing the borrower to owe more money instead of less.Most accounting and spreadsheet software have functions that can calculate amortization automatically. Investopedia / Paige McLaughlin Understanding Amortization The term “amortization” refers to two situations. First, amortization is used in the process of paying off debt through regular principal and interest payments over time. An amortization schedule is used to reduce the current balance on a loan—for example, a mortgage or a car loan—through installment payments. Second, amortization can also refer to the practice of spreading out capital expenses related to intangible assets over a specific duration—usually over the asset’s useful life—for accounting and tax purposes. Amortization of Loans Amortization can refer to the process of paying off debt over time in regular installments of interest and principal sufficient to repay the loan in full by its maturity date. A loan amortization schedule represents the complete table of periodic loan payments, showing the amount of principal and interest that comprise each level payment until the loan is paid off at the end of its term. A higher percentage of the flat monthly payment goes toward interest early in the loan, but with each subsequent payment, a greater percentage of it goes toward the loan’s principal. Amortization can be calculated using most modern financial calculators, spreadsheet software packages (such as Microsoft Excel), or online amortization calculators. When entering into a loan agreement, the lender may provide a copy of the amortization schedule (or at least have identified the term of the loan in which payments must be made). Amortization schedules can be customized based on your loan and your personal circumstances. With more sophisticated amortization calculators you can compare how making accelerated payments can accelerate your amortization. If for example, you are expecting an inheritance or you get a set yearly bonus, you can use these tools to compare how applying that windfall to your debt can affect your loan's maturity date and your interest cost over the life of the loan. Accountants use amortization to spread out the costs of an asset over the useful lifetime of that asset. How to calculate loan amortization The formula to calculate the monthly principal due on an amortized loan is as follows: Principal Payment = TMP − ( OLB × Interest Rate 12 Months ) where: TMP = Total monthly payment OLB = Outstanding loan balance \begin{aligned}&\text{Principal Payment} = \text{TMP} - \Big ( \text{OLB} \times \frac { \text{Interest Rate} }{ \text{12 Months} } \Big ) \\&\textbf{where:} \\&\text{TMP} = \text{Total monthly payment} \\&\text{OLB} = \text{Outstanding loan balance} \\\end{aligned} ​Principal Payment=TMP−(OLB×12 MonthsInterest Rate​)where:TMP=Total monthly paymentOLB=Outstanding loan balance​ Typically, the total monthly payment is specified when you take out a loan. However, if you are attempting to estimate or compare monthly payments based on a given set of factors, such as loan amount and interest rate, then you may need to calculate the monthly payment as well. If you need to calculate the total monthly payment for any reason, the formula is as follows: Total Payment = Loan Amount × [ i × ( 1 + i ) n ( 1 + i ) n − 1 ] where: i = Monthly interest payment n = Number of payments \begin{aligned}&\text{Total Payment} = \text{Loan Amount} \times \Bigg [ \frac { i \times (1 + i) ^n }{ (1 + i)^n - 1 } \Bigg ] \\&\textbf{where:} \\&i = \text{Monthly interest payment} \\&n = \text{Number of payments} \\\end{aligned} ​Total Payment=Loan Amount×[(1+i)n−1i×(1+i)n​]where:i=Monthly interest paymentn=Number of payments​ You’ll need to divide your annual interest rate by 12. For example, if your annual interest rate is 3%, then your monthly interest rate will be 0.25% (0.03 annual interest rate ÷ 12 months). You'll also multiply the number of years in your loan term by 12. For example, a four-year car loan would have 48 payments (four years × 12 months). Preparing amortization schedules Amortization schedules usually have six columns, each communicating information to the borrower and lender. The six columns are often laid out as shown below:  Period Beginning Loan Balance Payment Interest Principal Ending Loan Balance Month or period Amount of debt owed at the start of the month or period Amount due each month (often a fixed amount over the term of the loan) Amount of interest included in the payment (loan balance * 1/12 of interest) Amount of principal included in loan payment (Payment - Interest) Amount of debt owed at the end of the month or period (Beginning Loan Balance - Principal) The period is the timing of each loan payment, often represented on a monthly basis. However, each row on an amortization represents a payment so if a loan is due bi-weekly or quarterly, the period will be the same. This column helps a borrower and lender understand which payments will be broken down in what ways. This may either be shown as a payment number (i.e., Payment 1, Payment 2, etc.) or a date (i.e. 1/1/2023, 2/1/2023, etc.). The beginning loan balance is the amount of debt owed at the beginning of the period. This amount is either the original amount of the loan or the amount carried over from the prior month (last month's ending loan balance equals this month's beginning loan balance). The payment is the monthly obligation calculated above. This will often remain constant over the term of the loan. Though you usually calculate the payment amount before calculating interest and principal, payment is equal to the sum of principal and interest. The interest portion is the amount of the payment that gets applied as interest expense. This is often calculated as the outstanding loan balance multiplied by the interest rate attributable to this period's portion of the rate. For example, if a payment is owed monthly, this interest rate may be calculated as 1/12 of the interest rate multiplied by the beginning balance. Always be mindful of how a lender calculates, applies, and compounds your annual percentage rate as this impacts your schedule. As the outstanding loan balance decreases over time, less interest should be charged each period. The principal portion is simply the left over amount of the payment. This is the total payment amount less the amount of interest expense for this period. As the outstanding loan balance decreases over time, less interest will be charged, so the value of this column should increase over time. The ending loan balance is the difference between the beginning loan balance and the principal portion. This represents the new debt balance owed based on the payment made for the new period. Pros and Cons of Loan Amortization Amortized loans feature a level payment over their lives, which helps individuals budget their cash flows over the long term. Amortized loans are also beneficial in that there is always a principal component in each payment, so that the outstanding balance of the loan is reduced incrementally over time. The main drawback of amortized loans is that relatively little principal is paid off in the early stages of the loan, with most of each payment going toward interest. This means that for a mortgage, for example, very little equity is being built up early on, which is unhelpful if you want to sell a home after just a few years. Amortization of Intangible Assets Amortization can also refer to the amortization of intangibles. In this case, amortization is the process of expensing the cost of an intangible asset over the projected life of the asset. It measures the consumption of the value of an intangible asset, such as goodwill, a patent, a trademark, or copyright. Amortization is calculated in a similar manner to depreciation—which is used for tangible assets, such as equipment, buildings, vehicles, and other assets subject to physical wear and tear—and depletion, which is used for natural resources. When businesses amortize expenses over time, they help tie the cost of using an asset to the revenues that it generates in the same accounting period, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). For example, a company benefits from the use of a long-term asset over a number of years. Thus, it writes off the expense incrementally over the useful life of that asset. The amortization of intangibles is also useful in tax planning. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows taxpayers to take a deduction for certain expenses: geological and geophysical expenses incurred in oil and natural gas exploration, atmospheric pollution control facilities, bond premiums, research and development (R&D), lease acquisition, forestation and reforestation, and intangibles, such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks. The IRS has schedules that dictate the total number of years in which to expense tangible and intangible assets for tax purposes. Why Is Amortization Important? Amortization is important because it helps businesses and investors understand and forecast their costs over time. In the context of loan repayment, amortization schedules provide clarity concerning the portion of a loan payment that consists of interest versus the portion that is principal. This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments on income tax forms. It is also useful for planning to understand what a company's future debt balance will be after a series of payments have already been made. Amortizing intangible assets is important because it can reduce a business's taxable income, and therefore its tax liability, while giving investors a better understanding of the company’s true earnings. Intangible assets also have a finite useful life; over time, trademarks or patents may lose their value due to obsolescence. Amortizing intangible assets is also a reflection of how a company has "used up" the benefit of these assets. Amortization vs. Depreciation Amortization and depreciation are similar concepts, in that both attempt to capture the cost of holding an asset over time. The main difference between them, however, is that amortization refers to intangible assets, whereas depreciation refers to tangible assets. Examples of intangible assets include trademarks and patents; tangible assets include equipment, buildings, vehicles, and other assets subject to physical wear and tear. Another difference is the accounting treatment in which different assets are reduced on the balance sheet. Amortizing an intangible asset is performed by directly crediting (reducing) that specific asset account. Alternatively, depreciation is recorded by crediting an account called accumulated depreciation, a contra asset account. The historical cost of fixed assets remains on a company's books; however, the company also reports this contra asset amount as a net reduced book value amount. Finally, the calculation of each can be different. This is especially true when comparing depreciation to the amortization of a loan. Intangible assets are often amortized over their useful life using the straight-line method, while fixed assets often use a much more broad set of calculation methods (i.e., declining balance method, double-declining balance method, sum-of-the-years' digits method, or the units of production method). Example of Amortization Let’s look at a four-year, $30,000 auto loan at 3% interest. The monthly payment is going to be $664.03. That is arrived at as follows: $ 30 , 000 × ( 0.0025 × ( 1.0025 ÷ 48 ) 1.0025 ÷ 48 − 1 ) \begin{aligned}&\$30,000 \times \Bigg ( \frac { 0.0025 \times (1.0025 \div 48) }{ 1.0025 \div 48 } - 1 \Bigg ) \\\end{aligned} ​$30,000×(1.0025÷480.0025×(1.0025÷48)​−1)​ In the first month, $75 of the $664.03 monthly payment goes to interest. $ 30 , 000  loan balance × 3 %  interest rate ÷ 12  months \begin{aligned}&\$30,000 \ \text{loan balance} \times 3\% \ \text{interest rate} \div 12 \ \text{months} \\\end{aligned} ​$30,000 loan balance×3% interest rate÷12 months​ The remaining $589.03 goes toward principal. $ 664.03  total monthly payment − $ 75  interest payment \begin{aligned}&\$664.03 \ \text{total monthly payment} - \$75 \ \text{interest payment} \\ \end{aligned} ​$664.03 total monthly payment−$75 interest payment​ The total payment stays the same each month, while the portion going to principal increases and the portion going to interest decreases. In the final month, only $1.66 is paid in interest, because the outstanding loan balance at that point is very minimal compared with the starting loan balance. Loan Amortization Schedule Period Total Payment Due Computed Interest Due Principal Due Principal Balance         $30,000 1 $664.03 $75 $589.03 $29,410.97 2 $664.03 $73.53 $590.50 $28,820.47 3 $664.03 $72.05 $591.98 $28,228.49 4 $664.03 $70.57 $593.46 $27,635.03 5 $664.03 $69.09 $594.94 $27,040.09 6 $664.03 $67.60 $596.43 $26,443.66 7 $664.03 $66.11 $597.92 $25,845.74 8 $664.03 $64.61 $599.42 $25,246.32 9 $664.03 $63.12 $600.91 $24,645.41 10 $664.03 $61.61 $602.42 $24,042.99 11 $664.03 $60.11 $603.92 $23,439.07 12 $664.03 $58.60 $605.43 $22,833.64 13 $664.03 $57.08 $606.95 $22,226.69 14 $664.03 $55.57 $608.46 $21,618.23 15 $664.03 $54.05 $609.98 $21,008.24 16 $664.03 $52.52 $611.51 $20,396.73 17 $664.03 $50.99 $613.04 $19,783.69 18 $664.03 $49.46 $614.57 $19,169.12 19 $664.03 $47.92 $616.11 $18,553.02 20 $664.03 $46.38 $617.65 $17,935.37 21 $664.03 $44.84 $619.19 $17,316.18 22 $664.03 $43.29 $620.74 $16,695.44 23 $664.03 $41.74 $622.29 $16,073.15 24 $664.03 $40.18 $623.85 $15,449.30 25 $664.03 $38.62 $625.41 $14,823.89 26 $664.03 $37.06 $626.97 $14,196.92 27 $664.03 $35.49 $628.54 $13,568.38 28 $664.03 $33.92 $630.11 $12,938.28 29 $664.03 $32.35 $631.68 $12,306.59 30 $664.03 $30.77 $633.26 $11,673.33 31 $664.03 $29.18 $634.85 $11,038.48 32 $664.03 $27.60 $636.43 $10,402.05 33 $664.03 $26.01 $638.02 $9,764.02 34 $664.03 $24.41 $639.62 $9,124.40 35 $664.03 $22.81 $641.22 $8,483.18 36 $664.03 $21.21 $642.82 $7,840.36 37 $664.03 $19.60 $644.43 $7,195.93 38 $664.03 $17.99 $646.04 $6,549.89 39 $664.03 $16.37 $647.66 $5,902.24 40 $664.03 $14.76 $649.27 $5,252.96 41 $664.03 $13.13 $650.90 $4,602.06 42 $664.03 $11.51 $652.52 $3,949.54 43 $664.03 $9.87 $654.16 $3,295.38 44 $664.03 $8.24 $655.79 $2,639.59 45 $664.03 $6.60 $657.43 $1,982.16 46 $664.03 $4.96 $659.07 $1,323.09 47 $664.03 $3.31 $660.72 $662.36 48 $664.03 $1.66 $662.36 $0.00 What Is Negative Amortization? Negative amortization is when the size of a debt increases with each payment, even if you pay on time. This happens because the interest on the loan is greater than the amount of each payment. Negative amortization is particularly dangerous with credit cards, whose interest rates can be as high as 20% or even 30%. In order to avoid owing more money later, it is important to avoid over-borrowing and to pay off your debts as quickly as possible. What Does Amortization Mean for Intangible Assets? Amortization measures the declining value of intangible assets, such as goodwill, trademarks, patents, and copyrights. This is calculated in a similar manner to the depreciation of tangible assets, like factories and equipment. When businesses amortize intangible assets over time, they are able to tie the cost of those assets with the revenue generated over each accounting period and deduct the costs over the lifetime of the asset. Why Is Amortization Important in Accounting? Amortization helps businesses and investors understand and forecast their costs over time. In the context of loan repayment, amortization schedules provide clarity into what portion of a loan payment consists of interest versus principal. This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments for tax purposes. Amortizing intangible assets is also important because it can reduce a company’s taxable income and therefore its tax liability, while giving investors a better understanding of the company’s true earnings. How Do You Amortize a Loan? A loan is amortized by determining the monthly payment due over the term of the loan. Next, you prepare an amortization schedule that clearly identifies what portion of each month's payment is attributable towards interest and what portion of each month's payment is attributable towards principal.Since part of the payment will theoretically be applied to the outstanding principal balance, the amount of interest paid each month will decrease. Your payment should theoretically remain the same each month, which means more of your monthly payment will apply to principal, thereby paying down over time the amount you borrowed. What Is a 30-Year Amortization Schedule? A 30-year amortization schedule breaks down how much of a level payment on a loan goes toward either principal or interest over the course of 360 months (for example, on a 30-year mortgage). Early in the life of the loan, most of the monthly payment goes toward interest, while toward the end it is mostly made up of principal. It can be presented either as a table or in graphical form as a chart. The Bottom Line Amortization is a technique of gradually reducing an account balance over time. When amortizing loans, a gradually escalating portion of the monthly debt payment is applied to the principal. When amortizing intangible assets, amortization is similar to depreciation, where a fixed percentage of an asset's book value is reduced each month. This technique is used to reflect how the benefit of an asset is received by a company over time.
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https://www.investopedia.com/are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565
Are Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Tax Exempt?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Certificates of deposit (CDs) provide a way for consumers to make a little more interest on their savings than they can get by keeping their money in a standard savings account. The customer is promising not to withdraw the money for a specific period of time. The longer the time period, the higher the interest earned. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> According to the IRS, you must report your interest income on your tax return and pay taxes on it.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> This reduces your return on the investment, so it’s important to consider how CD interest is taxed in order to decide if placing your money in a CD is worth it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways </h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>For CD terms longer than one year, you will have to pay taxes on interest earned each tax year during the CD term. </li><li>For CD terms of one year or less, you will have to pay taxes on interest earned and received.</li><li>Early-withdrawal penalties offset taxes owed on CD interest.</li><li>CDs may be placed in a tax-deferred retirement account. In this case, taxes on earnings may be deferred until retirement or distributions.</li></ul></div></div></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.5%;"> <img alt="Are Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Tax Exempt" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8xsUx_BWg8ZJMLqNDgyNJF97ZGo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565_final-ec6c5598f04c4bcb8c6208d226dbbd01.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8xsUx_BWg8ZJMLqNDgyNJF97ZGo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565_final-ec6c5598f04c4bcb8c6208d226dbbd01.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kkx3t3FcYLM9hmNEKn4A-q1rJ2U=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565_final-ec6c5598f04c4bcb8c6208d226dbbd01.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="2700" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="4000"/> <noscript> <img alt="Are Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Tax Exempt" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="2700" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8xsUx_BWg8ZJMLqNDgyNJF97ZGo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565_final-ec6c5598f04c4bcb8c6208d226dbbd01.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kkx3t3FcYLM9hmNEKn4A-q1rJ2U=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565_final-ec6c5598f04c4bcb8c6208d226dbbd01.png 750w" width="4000"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Michela Buttignol</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-does-the-irs-tax-interest-earned-on-a-cd"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Does the IRS Tax Interest Earned on a CD? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Any <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp">interest</a> that is earned on a CD during the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxyear.asp">tax year</a> is considered income, and the IRS will tax it as such on your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxreturn.asp">tax return</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> If you earn more than $10 in interest, the banking institution holding your CD is required to send you a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/form-1099-int.asp">1099-INT</a> stating the amount of interest earned on the CD during the tax year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> You will receive this document and pay taxes accordingly, even if you roll the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp">principal</a> of the CD into a new CD during the year. However, you do not have to pay taxes if the CD is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> In the event you don’t receive a 1099-INT from your banking institution, you still have to report it to the IRS on your tax return.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> CDs With Terms of More Than One Year </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> If your CD has a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/term.asp">term</a> of more than one year, you will pay taxes on any interest earned in each year of the CD term. For example, if you have a three-year CD and you earn $15 in interest during the first year of the term, you will report $15 on your tax return as income. During the second year, if you earn another $15 in interest, you will again report $15 on your tax return as income and the same for the remaining year of the CD term. <br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-exceptions-to-paying-taxes-on-cd-interest"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Exceptions to Paying Taxes on CD Interest </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> If the CD is placed in a tax-deferred <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k)</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp">individual retirement account (IRA)</a>, any interest earned on the CD may be exempt from paying taxes in the year it was earned.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> Instead, you will pay taxes on that money when it is withdrawn from the 401(k) or IRA after you retire. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Of course, this is provided your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement-contribution.asp">annual contribution</a> to the retirement account remains below the contribution limits set by the IRS. For 2023, the IRA contribution limit per individual is $6,500; if you’re age 50 or older, the limit is $7,500. For 2024, the limit is $7,000; if you're age 50 or older, the limit is $8,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-will-i-pay-in-taxes-in-cd-interest"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Much Will I Pay in Taxes in CD Interest?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The amount of taxes you pay on earned CD interest varies based on your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp">tax bracket</a> as well as the dollar amount of your gain. To get an idea of how much you could pay in taxes, talk with a tax professional to evaluate your individual financial situation and provide a tax estimate.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-when-i-cash-a-cd-is-it-considered-income"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">When I Cash a CD, Is It Considered Income?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If your CD has a principal amount of $10,000 and earns $200 in interest at the time you cash it in, only the $200 in earned interest is considered income. You should receive a 1099-INT in the amount of $200 (box 1) from your banking institution.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-early-withdrawal-penalties-affect-how-much-i-pay-in-taxes-for-cd-interest"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Early-Withdrawal Penalties Affect How Much I Pay in Taxes for CD Interest?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you withdraw the money from your CD before its maturity date, your bank will likely charge an early-withdrawal penalty. If it does, you can deduct the amount of the early withdrawal from your penalty, which would offset how much you pay in taxes on any earned interest.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><br>For instance, if you earned $50 in interest (box 1 on your 1099-INT), you will pay taxes on that $50. However, if you pay an early-withdrawal penalty (box 2 of your 1099-INT), say $20, you can deduct that amount, leaving you to pay tax on $30 of income. </br></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line  </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Simply put, yes, the IRS will tax all interest earned on your CD as ordinary income unless the CD is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> This will be due for each tax year in which the interest is earned. So if you have a three-year CD, you will pay taxes only on the interest earned during the current tax year. If the CD is placed in a 401(k) or IRA account, taxes will be deferred until distributions are taken from those accounts.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <em>Correction—May 14, 2023: </em>An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated that interest income is taxed if it exceeds $10. In fact, all interest income is taxable, unless it is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account. </p></div>
Certificates of deposit (CDs) provide a way for consumers to make a little more interest on their savings than they can get by keeping their money in a standard savings account. The customer is promising not to withdraw the money for a specific period of time. The longer the time period, the higher the interest earned. According to the IRS, you must report your interest income on your tax return and pay taxes on it. This reduces your return on the investment, so it’s important to consider how CD interest is taxed in order to decide if placing your money in a CD is worth it. ### Key Takeaways * For CD terms longer than one year, you will have to pay taxes on interest earned each tax year during the CD term. * For CD terms of one year or less, you will have to pay taxes on interest earned and received. * Early-withdrawal penalties offset taxes owed on CD interest. * CDs may be placed in a tax-deferred retirement account. In this case, taxes on earnings may be deferred until retirement or distributions. ![Are Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Tax Exempt]() ![Are Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Tax Exempt](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8xsUx_BWg8ZJMLqNDgyNJF97ZGo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Are-cds-tax-exempt-5271565_final-ec6c5598f04c4bcb8c6208d226dbbd01.png) Investopedia / Michela Buttignol ## How Does the IRS Tax Interest Earned on a CD? Any [interest](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp) that is earned on a CD during the [tax year](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxyear.asp) is considered income, and the IRS will tax it as such on your [tax return](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxreturn.asp). If you earn more than $10 in interest, the banking institution holding your CD is required to send you a [1099-INT](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/form-1099-int.asp) stating the amount of interest earned on the CD during the tax year. You will receive this document and pay taxes accordingly, even if you roll the [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp) of the CD into a new CD during the year. However, you do not have to pay taxes if the CD is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account. In the event you don’t receive a 1099-INT from your banking institution, you still have to report it to the IRS on your tax return. ### CDs With Terms of More Than One Year If your CD has a [term](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/term.asp) of more than one year, you will pay taxes on any interest earned in each year of the CD term. For example, if you have a three-year CD and you earn $15 in interest during the first year of the term, you will report $15 on your tax return as income. During the second year, if you earn another $15 in interest, you will again report $15 on your tax return as income and the same for the remaining year of the CD term.  ## Exceptions to Paying Taxes on CD Interest If the CD is placed in a tax-deferred [401(k)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp) or [individual retirement account (IRA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp), any interest earned on the CD may be exempt from paying taxes in the year it was earned. Instead, you will pay taxes on that money when it is withdrawn from the 401(k) or IRA after you retire. Of course, this is provided your [annual contribution](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement-contribution.asp) to the retirement account remains below the contribution limits set by the IRS. For 2023, the IRA contribution limit per individual is $6,500; if you’re age 50 or older, the limit is $7,500. For 2024, the limit is $7,000; if you're age 50 or older, the limit is $8,000. ## How Much Will I Pay in Taxes in CD Interest? The amount of taxes you pay on earned CD interest varies based on your [tax bracket](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp) as well as the dollar amount of your gain. To get an idea of how much you could pay in taxes, talk with a tax professional to evaluate your individual financial situation and provide a tax estimate. ## When I Cash a CD, Is It Considered Income? If your CD has a principal amount of $10,000 and earns $200 in interest at the time you cash it in, only the $200 in earned interest is considered income. You should receive a 1099-INT in the amount of $200 (box 1) from your banking institution. ## Do Early-Withdrawal Penalties Affect How Much I Pay in Taxes for CD Interest? If you withdraw the money from your CD before its maturity date, your bank will likely charge an early-withdrawal penalty. If it does, you can deduct the amount of the early withdrawal from your penalty, which would offset how much you pay in taxes on any earned interest. For instance, if you earned $50 in interest (box 1 on your 1099-INT), you will pay taxes on that $50. However, if you pay an early-withdrawal penalty (box 2 of your 1099-INT), say $20, you can deduct that amount, leaving you to pay tax on $30 of income.  ## The Bottom Line Simply put, yes, the IRS will tax all interest earned on your CD as ordinary income unless the CD is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account. This will be due for each tax year in which the interest is earned. So if you have a three-year CD, you will pay taxes only on the interest earned during the current tax year. If the CD is placed in a 401(k) or IRA account, taxes will be deferred until distributions are taken from those accounts.  *Correction—May 14, 2023:* An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated that interest income is taxed if it exceeds $10. In fact, all interest income is taxable, unless it is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account.
Certificates of deposit (CDs) provide a way for consumers to make a little more interest on their savings than they can get by keeping their money in a standard savings account. The customer is promising not to withdraw the money for a specific period of time. The longer the time period, the higher the interest earned. According to the IRS, you must report your interest income on your tax return and pay taxes on it. This reduces your return on the investment, so it’s important to consider how CD interest is taxed in order to decide if placing your money in a CD is worth it. Key Takeaways For CD terms longer than one year, you will have to pay taxes on interest earned each tax year during the CD term. For CD terms of one year or less, you will have to pay taxes on interest earned and received.Early-withdrawal penalties offset taxes owed on CD interest.CDs may be placed in a tax-deferred retirement account. In this case, taxes on earnings may be deferred until retirement or distributions. Investopedia / Michela Buttignol How Does the IRS Tax Interest Earned on a CD? Any interest that is earned on a CD during the tax year is considered income, and the IRS will tax it as such on your tax return. If you earn more than $10 in interest, the banking institution holding your CD is required to send you a 1099-INT stating the amount of interest earned on the CD during the tax year. You will receive this document and pay taxes accordingly, even if you roll the principal of the CD into a new CD during the year. However, you do not have to pay taxes if the CD is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account. In the event you don’t receive a 1099-INT from your banking institution, you still have to report it to the IRS on your tax return. CDs With Terms of More Than One Year If your CD has a term of more than one year, you will pay taxes on any interest earned in each year of the CD term. For example, if you have a three-year CD and you earn $15 in interest during the first year of the term, you will report $15 on your tax return as income. During the second year, if you earn another $15 in interest, you will again report $15 on your tax return as income and the same for the remaining year of the CD term.  Exceptions to Paying Taxes on CD Interest If the CD is placed in a tax-deferred 401(k) or individual retirement account (IRA), any interest earned on the CD may be exempt from paying taxes in the year it was earned. Instead, you will pay taxes on that money when it is withdrawn from the 401(k) or IRA after you retire. Of course, this is provided your annual contribution to the retirement account remains below the contribution limits set by the IRS. For 2023, the IRA contribution limit per individual is $6,500; if you’re age 50 or older, the limit is $7,500. For 2024, the limit is $7,000; if you're age 50 or older, the limit is $8,000. How Much Will I Pay in Taxes in CD Interest? The amount of taxes you pay on earned CD interest varies based on your tax bracket as well as the dollar amount of your gain. To get an idea of how much you could pay in taxes, talk with a tax professional to evaluate your individual financial situation and provide a tax estimate. When I Cash a CD, Is It Considered Income? If your CD has a principal amount of $10,000 and earns $200 in interest at the time you cash it in, only the $200 in earned interest is considered income. You should receive a 1099-INT in the amount of $200 (box 1) from your banking institution. Do Early-Withdrawal Penalties Affect How Much I Pay in Taxes for CD Interest? If you withdraw the money from your CD before its maturity date, your bank will likely charge an early-withdrawal penalty. If it does, you can deduct the amount of the early withdrawal from your penalty, which would offset how much you pay in taxes on any earned interest.For instance, if you earned $50 in interest (box 1 on your 1099-INT), you will pay taxes on that $50. However, if you pay an early-withdrawal penalty (box 2 of your 1099-INT), say $20, you can deduct that amount, leaving you to pay tax on $30 of income.  The Bottom Line  Simply put, yes, the IRS will tax all interest earned on your CD as ordinary income unless the CD is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account. This will be due for each tax year in which the interest is earned. So if you have a three-year CD, you will pay taxes only on the interest earned during the current tax year. If the CD is placed in a 401(k) or IRA account, taxes will be deferred until distributions are taken from those accounts.  Correction—May 14, 2023: An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated that interest income is taxed if it exceeds $10. In fact, all interest income is taxable, unless it is held in a tax-advantaged retirement account.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dalian-commodities-exchange.asp
Dalian Commodities Exchange: Meaning, History
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-dalian-commodities-exchange"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the Dalian Commodities Exchange? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The Dalian Commodities Exchange (DCE) is located in Dalian, China, and trades <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp">futures contracts</a> on a wide variety of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp">commodities</a>. The exchange is among the largest exchanges for agricultural futures in the world.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The Dalian Commodities Exchange (DCE) is a commodities and derivatives exchange located in mainland China.</li><li>The exchange lists futures and spot contracts on a variety of agricultural commodities such as soybeans, soy meal, and palm oil.</li><li>Founded in 1993, the DCE has greatly contributed to the region's growth as an agricultural production and export hub and has become one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-dalian-commodities-exchange"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the Dalian Commodities Exchange </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> The Dalian Commodities Exchange has been a key factor in the revitalization of Northeast China's expansion as an international agricultural hub, in part due to the area’s strategic location with access to railroads and highways. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exchange.asp">exchange</a> performs several major functions, including providing venues for futures and options trading, developing and listing contracts, and organizing and supervising trading, clearing, and settlement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Additionally, the exchange handles market surveillance and rule enforcement, formulating and implementing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskmanagement.asp">risk management</a> rules, organizing marketing and investor education events, market data and information services, and more. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-history-of-the-dalian-exchange"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> History of the Dalian Exchange </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> The Dalian Exchange was established on Feb. 28, 1993. China's futures industry was revived in 1990 after 60 years, at which point the Dalian Exchange was created.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> It is a non-profit, self-regulating entity with 161 members and over 2 million investor accounts. The exchange has the largest volume of any commodities exchange in China, in part due to the fact that the exchange is an important venue for the circulation of soybeans grown in mainland China.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Through the nineties, the exchange gained a reputation for financial integrity, risk management, and functionality in the market, as well as for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transparency.asp">transparency</a> and liquidity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> In 2013, the Dalian Commodities Exchange expanded from its role as an agricultural commodities exchange to include industrials, such as iron ore and coke coal.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Other traded commodities on the exchange include linear low-density polyethylene, palm oil futures, eggs, fiberboard, ethenylbenzene, LPG, rice, live hog, PP, and coking coal.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> In 2023, the Futures Industry Association (FIA) reported that the Dalian Commodities Exchange was the ninth-largest in the world by trading volume. It boasted approximately 30% of the domestic <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketshare.asp">market share</a> and captured roughly 1.83% of the global futures market share in 2023, including financial futures.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-in-which-country-is-the-dalian-commodities-exchange"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">In Which Country Is the Dalian Commodities Exchange?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The Dalian Commodities Exchange is based in China and is one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world, trading a variety of futures and options contracts, including corn, soybean, iron ore, coal, and coke.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-products-are-in-the-dalian-exchange"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Products Are in the Dalian Exchange?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The products traded on the Dalian Exchange are No. 1 soybeans, No. 2 soybeans, corn, corn starch, soybean meal, soybean oil, RBD palm olein, fiberboard, blockboard, egg, polished round grain rice, live hog, LLDPE, PVC, PP, coke, coking coal, iron ore, ethylene glycol, ethenylbenzene, and LPG.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-is-dalian-important"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Why Is Dalian Important?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Dalian is an important manufacturing hub for China. It is also an important port city and was one of the first cities in China that was "open," liberalizing its economic policy. Its output of abalone accounts for 60% of China's market.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-i-buy-futures"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do I Buy Futures?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You can purchase futures contracts via an online broker as you would do for stocks, for example. You can open up an account at a broker, such as Charles Schwab or E*Trade, and deposit money from your checking account. There is usually no minimum required; you just need to ensure you have enough to cover the cost of your order.</p><p>From there, you can search for the futures contract you'd like to buy and purchase it. Note that futures trading is more complicated than buying regular stocks and bonds and is not recommended for beginner investors. Ensure you understand the product as well as how market movement can affect the price.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> The Dalian Commodities Exchange is one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world, trading 21 commodity futures and 11 options, contributing much to China's economic growth. The exchange is in one of China's most important cities, Dalian, which operates as a port city and a manufacturing hub. The commodities exchange also makes it a financial center.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p></div>
## What Is the Dalian Commodities Exchange? The Dalian Commodities Exchange (DCE) is located in Dalian, China, and trades [futures contracts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp) on a wide variety of [commodities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp). The exchange is among the largest exchanges for agricultural futures in the world.  ### Key Takeaways * The Dalian Commodities Exchange (DCE) is a commodities and derivatives exchange located in mainland China. * The exchange lists futures and spot contracts on a variety of agricultural commodities such as soybeans, soy meal, and palm oil. * Founded in 1993, the DCE has greatly contributed to the region's growth as an agricultural production and export hub and has become one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world. ## Understanding the Dalian Commodities Exchange The Dalian Commodities Exchange has been a key factor in the revitalization of Northeast China's expansion as an international agricultural hub, in part due to the area’s strategic location with access to railroads and highways. The [exchange](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exchange.asp) performs several major functions, including providing venues for futures and options trading, developing and listing contracts, and organizing and supervising trading, clearing, and settlement. Additionally, the exchange handles market surveillance and rule enforcement, formulating and implementing [risk management](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskmanagement.asp) rules, organizing marketing and investor education events, market data and information services, and more. ## History of the Dalian Exchange The Dalian Exchange was established on Feb. 28, 1993. China's futures industry was revived in 1990 after 60 years, at which point the Dalian Exchange was created. It is a non-profit, self-regulating entity with 161 members and over 2 million investor accounts. The exchange has the largest volume of any commodities exchange in China, in part due to the fact that the exchange is an important venue for the circulation of soybeans grown in mainland China. Through the nineties, the exchange gained a reputation for financial integrity, risk management, and functionality in the market, as well as for [transparency](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/transparency.asp) and liquidity. In 2013, the Dalian Commodities Exchange expanded from its role as an agricultural commodities exchange to include industrials, such as iron ore and coke coal. Other traded commodities on the exchange include linear low-density polyethylene, palm oil futures, eggs, fiberboard, ethenylbenzene, LPG, rice, live hog, PP, and coking coal. In 2023, the Futures Industry Association (FIA) reported that the Dalian Commodities Exchange was the ninth-largest in the world by trading volume. It boasted approximately 30% of the domestic [market share](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketshare.asp) and captured roughly 1.83% of the global futures market share in 2023, including financial futures. ## In Which Country Is the Dalian Commodities Exchange? The Dalian Commodities Exchange is based in China and is one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world, trading a variety of futures and options contracts, including corn, soybean, iron ore, coal, and coke. ## What Products Are in the Dalian Exchange? The products traded on the Dalian Exchange are No. 1 soybeans, No. 2 soybeans, corn, corn starch, soybean meal, soybean oil, RBD palm olein, fiberboard, blockboard, egg, polished round grain rice, live hog, LLDPE, PVC, PP, coke, coking coal, iron ore, ethylene glycol, ethenylbenzene, and LPG. ## Why Is Dalian Important? Dalian is an important manufacturing hub for China. It is also an important port city and was one of the first cities in China that was "open," liberalizing its economic policy. Its output of abalone accounts for 60% of China's market. ## How Do I Buy Futures? You can purchase futures contracts via an online broker as you would do for stocks, for example. You can open up an account at a broker, such as Charles Schwab or E\*Trade, and deposit money from your checking account. There is usually no minimum required; you just need to ensure you have enough to cover the cost of your order. From there, you can search for the futures contract you'd like to buy and purchase it. Note that futures trading is more complicated than buying regular stocks and bonds and is not recommended for beginner investors. Ensure you understand the product as well as how market movement can affect the price. ## The Bottom Line The Dalian Commodities Exchange is one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world, trading 21 commodity futures and 11 options, contributing much to China's economic growth. The exchange is in one of China's most important cities, Dalian, which operates as a port city and a manufacturing hub. The commodities exchange also makes it a financial center.
What Is the Dalian Commodities Exchange? The Dalian Commodities Exchange (DCE) is located in Dalian, China, and trades futures contracts on a wide variety of commodities. The exchange is among the largest exchanges for agricultural futures in the world.  Key Takeaways The Dalian Commodities Exchange (DCE) is a commodities and derivatives exchange located in mainland China.The exchange lists futures and spot contracts on a variety of agricultural commodities such as soybeans, soy meal, and palm oil.Founded in 1993, the DCE has greatly contributed to the region's growth as an agricultural production and export hub and has become one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world. Understanding the Dalian Commodities Exchange The Dalian Commodities Exchange has been a key factor in the revitalization of Northeast China's expansion as an international agricultural hub, in part due to the area’s strategic location with access to railroads and highways. The exchange performs several major functions, including providing venues for futures and options trading, developing and listing contracts, and organizing and supervising trading, clearing, and settlement. Additionally, the exchange handles market surveillance and rule enforcement, formulating and implementing risk management rules, organizing marketing and investor education events, market data and information services, and more. History of the Dalian Exchange The Dalian Exchange was established on Feb. 28, 1993. China's futures industry was revived in 1990 after 60 years, at which point the Dalian Exchange was created. It is a non-profit, self-regulating entity with 161 members and over 2 million investor accounts. The exchange has the largest volume of any commodities exchange in China, in part due to the fact that the exchange is an important venue for the circulation of soybeans grown in mainland China. Through the nineties, the exchange gained a reputation for financial integrity, risk management, and functionality in the market, as well as for transparency and liquidity. In 2013, the Dalian Commodities Exchange expanded from its role as an agricultural commodities exchange to include industrials, such as iron ore and coke coal. Other traded commodities on the exchange include linear low-density polyethylene, palm oil futures, eggs, fiberboard, ethenylbenzene, LPG, rice, live hog, PP, and coking coal. In 2023, the Futures Industry Association (FIA) reported that the Dalian Commodities Exchange was the ninth-largest in the world by trading volume. It boasted approximately 30% of the domestic market share and captured roughly 1.83% of the global futures market share in 2023, including financial futures. In Which Country Is the Dalian Commodities Exchange? The Dalian Commodities Exchange is based in China and is one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world, trading a variety of futures and options contracts, including corn, soybean, iron ore, coal, and coke. What Products Are in the Dalian Exchange? The products traded on the Dalian Exchange are No. 1 soybeans, No. 2 soybeans, corn, corn starch, soybean meal, soybean oil, RBD palm olein, fiberboard, blockboard, egg, polished round grain rice, live hog, LLDPE, PVC, PP, coke, coking coal, iron ore, ethylene glycol, ethenylbenzene, and LPG. Why Is Dalian Important? Dalian is an important manufacturing hub for China. It is also an important port city and was one of the first cities in China that was "open," liberalizing its economic policy. Its output of abalone accounts for 60% of China's market. How Do I Buy Futures? You can purchase futures contracts via an online broker as you would do for stocks, for example. You can open up an account at a broker, such as Charles Schwab or E*Trade, and deposit money from your checking account. There is usually no minimum required; you just need to ensure you have enough to cover the cost of your order.From there, you can search for the futures contract you'd like to buy and purchase it. Note that futures trading is more complicated than buying regular stocks and bonds and is not recommended for beginner investors. Ensure you understand the product as well as how market movement can affect the price. The Bottom Line The Dalian Commodities Exchange is one of the largest commodities exchanges in the world, trading 21 commodity futures and 11 options, contributing much to China's economic growth. The exchange is in one of China's most important cities, Dalian, which operates as a port city and a manufacturing hub. The commodities exchange also makes it a financial center.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hurdlerate.asp
Hurdle Rate: What It Is and How Businesses and Investors Use It
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-hurdle-rate"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Hurdle Rate? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A hurdle rate is the lowest rate of return a project or investment must achieve before a manager or investor deems it acceptable. It's important when companies or investors make important decisions like pursuing a specific project. Riskier projects generally have higher hurdle rates than those with less risk.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return required on a project or investment.</li><li>Hurdle rates give companies clarity about whether they should pursue a specific project.</li><li>Generally, the higher the risk, the higher the hurdle rate.</li><li>Investors use a hurdle rate in a discounted cash flow analysis to determine an investment's value and assess its worth.</li><li>Companies sometimes use their weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the hurdle rate.</li><li>Private equity and hedge funds also use a hurdle rate, which measures when general partners (GPs) are entitled to performance fees.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The term is also often used in private equity investing and hedge fund management. For example, in a private equity investment fund, the general partner (GP) can only charge performance fees (known as carried interest) if the limited partner's rate of return crosses the prearranged hurdle rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Hurdle Rate" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nWaNXNBIy5PBbNJsZpiSChPnVFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Investopedia_HurdleRate-e5c222451a0345ff82b12cc69405f53d.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nWaNXNBIy5PBbNJsZpiSChPnVFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Investopedia_HurdleRate-e5c222451a0345ff82b12cc69405f53d.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/AbywvvMSTAE6tL3Nl2aXyg8dNrw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Investopedia_HurdleRate-e5c222451a0345ff82b12cc69405f53d.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Hurdle Rate" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nWaNXNBIy5PBbNJsZpiSChPnVFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Investopedia_HurdleRate-e5c222451a0345ff82b12cc69405f53d.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/AbywvvMSTAE6tL3Nl2aXyg8dNrw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Investopedia_HurdleRate-e5c222451a0345ff82b12cc69405f53d.jpg 750w" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Sydney Burns</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-hurdle-rate-factors"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Hurdle Rate Factors </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> The hurdle rate balances the need for profit with the risks and costs involved. This concept is crucial in guiding individual and corporate investment strategy decisions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> When determining the hurdle rate, several key factors are taken into account: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <li><strong>Risk premium</strong>: This part of the hurdle rate accounts for the level of risk associated with the investment. Higher-risk projects typically demand higher risk premiums, reflecting the extra returns investors require to compensate for the increased risk. The risk premium is often calculated based on the industry, market volatility, and the specific risks of the project.</li> <li><strong>Inflation rate</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp">Inflation</a> can erode the value of returns over time. The expected inflation rate during the investment period should be considered when setting the hurdle rate. Including the inflation rate ensures that the return on the investment exceeds the nominal cost of capital and keeps pace with the rising cost of goods and services.</li> <li><strong>Interest rate</strong>: Interest rates, often reflected in the cost of debt, are another critical part, representing the cost of borrowing money. For investments funded through debt, the interest rate on the borrowed capital forms a baseline for the hurdle rate since the investment must generate enough return to cover this cost.</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li><strong>Cost of capital</strong>: This is broader, comprising equity and debt financing costs. The cost of capital reflects the return that equity owners and lenders expect on the funds they spend. Calculating the cost of capital often involves weighing the cost of debt (with the interest rate) and the cost of equity, which can be trickier to estimate and usually includes the risk premium.</li> <li><strong>Expected rate of return</strong>: The hurdle rate must be above the overall return expected from the investment. If the projected return on investment (ROI) is below the hurdle rate, it may be deemed too risky or not profitable enough to pursue.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-the-hurdle-rate-tell-you"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Does the Hurdle Rate Tell You? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Hurdle rates are important, especially when calculating the potential success of future endeavors and projects. Companies determine whether they will take on a capital project based on its risk level. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> If an expected rate of return is above the hurdle rate, the investment is considered sound. If the rate of return falls below the hurdle rate, management may choose not to move forward. A hurdle rate is also called the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/what-relationship-between-hurdle-rate-marr-and-internal-rate-return-irr.asp">break-even yield</a>.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-use-hurdle-rate"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Use Hurdle Rate </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Investors and businesses use hurdle rates to evaluate an investment or project's potential. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Investing </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Investors look at the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/061815/what-difference-between-market-risk-premium-and-equity-risk-premium.asp">risk premium</a> for a potential investment since it captures the anticipated amount of risk involved. The higher the risk, the higher the risk premium should be. Risk premiums are typically added to the WACC for a more realistic hurdle rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Using a hurdle rate to determine an investment's potential helps to take our feelings or preferences for it out of the equation. By assigning a realistic risk factor, an investor can use the hurdle rate to assess whether the project has financial merit despite its intrinsic value.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Business Projects </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> When businesses assess future projects, they often begin with the WACC, which conveys the average rate a company is expected to pay to finance its assets, accounting for its equity and debt.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> The WACC is calculated by weighing the cost of each capital component (equity, preferred stock, and debt) according to its proportion in the overall capital structure. In practical terms, WACC is a benchmark that presents the minimum return a company must generate on its projects to satisfy its shareholders and debt holders. When a company evaluates new projects, using WACC plus the risk premium ensures that these initiatives are expected to yield returns at least equal to the company’s current cost of capital plus the risk premium. This aligns management decisions with the expectations of investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Companies can use the net present value (NPV) approach as part of their assessment. NPV involves calculating the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over the project’s life span. Future cash flows are estimated and then <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dcf.asp">discounted</a> to their present value using a discount rate, typically the hurdle rate, which is often the WACC. The NPV is the sum of these discounted cash flows minus the costs for the initial investment cost. If the NPV is positive, the projected earnings (discounted to present value) are higher than the expected costs, suggesting the project is likely profitable. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> There is also a method that uses the internal rate of return (IRR), the discount rate that makes the NPV of all cash flows from a project equal to zero.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Essentially, it represents the break-even rate of return expected from the project. Thus, a project is generally considered viable if its IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, which is often set as the WACC. The IRR method is handy for comparing the profitability of different investment opportunities, providing a rate of return perspective that complements the absolute value approach of NPV.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-formula-and-calculating-hurdle-rates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Formula and Calculating Hurdle Rates </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> An Example Assessing a Potential Capital Project </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Since the hurdle rate is the lowest return a company expects from an investment to justify the risk, we can use the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp">WACC</a> to help calculate this rate. The WACC reflects the average rate of return a company must earn on its investments to satisfy its shareholders and debt holders. Let's say you manage a company evaluating investing in sophisticated manufacturing equipment. Your engineers estimate the new equipment could result in a 20% increase in production efficiency, that is, an ROI of 20%. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> Here is the standard formula for the hurdle rate for companies weighing an investment: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <li>Hurdle rate = WACC + risk premium</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> A simplified WACC calculation makes this quicker and easier. You just need the following to calculate it: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <li>Value of common stock outstanding</li><li>Value of preferred stock outstanding</li><li>Value of total debt</li><li>Interest rates on each</li><li>The current yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> Suppose this is the financial data for your firm: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <li>Common stock: $11,500,000 (60% of total capital), with an expected return of 11%.</li><li>Preferred stock: $1,500,000 (8% of total capital), costing 7%.</li><li>Debt: $6,250,000 (32% of total capital), with an interest rate of 5%.</li><li>Total capital: $19,250,000.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> To arrive at the table below, we determine the proportional weight of the firm's capital components (common stock, preferred stock, and debt). First, we calculate the weighted cost of each. Then, we multiply each component's cost or return rate by its proportional weight in the total capital structure. Finally, we total up these weighted percentages: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> <li>WACC = (0.60 X 11%) + (0.08 X 7%) + (0.32 X 5%) = 8.76%</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 81px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 55px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 102px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 144px;"></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th>Outstanding amount</th> <th>% Weight</th> <th>Interest rate</th> <th>Weighted cost of capital by %</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>Common stock</td> <td>$11,500,000</td> <td>60%</td> <td>11%</td> <td>6.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Preferred stock</td> <td>$1,500,000</td> <td>8%</td> <td>7%</td> <td>0.56%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Debt</td> <td>$6,250,000</td> <td>32%</td> <td>5%</td> <td>1.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><b>Total WACC</b>:</td> <td><b>8.76%</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> We now need the other element in the equation for the hurdle rate, namely the risk premium. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> In finance, a risk premium is the extra return above the risk-free rate that investors demand for taking on extra risk. Virtually all investments carry more risk than U.S. Treasurys. So, we can use the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury as the benchmark for the "risk-free rate." Incorporating the 10-year Treasury yield as a risk premium into the hurdle rate helps ensure that it makes up for the market risk (represented by the WACC) and the opportunity cost of investing in the new manufacturing equipment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> In this example, we assume the 10-year Treasury yields 4.5%. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> <li>Hurdle rate = 8.76% + 4.5% = 13.26%.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> Since the estimated return on investment of 20% is greater than the hurdle rate of 13.26%, purchasing the new machine would be prudent. The investment is expected to yield returns that exceed the minimum rate required to justify the risk and cost of capital. If, however, it were only expected to yield 10%, it should probably be passed over. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Like other investment decision-making tools, the hurdle rate is only an estimate. There is no guarantee that returns will match the results of the calculation.</p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> An Example from Private Equity </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> In <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privateequity.asp">private equity</a>, the hurdle rate has a slightly different meaning, referring to the minimum rate of return a fund has to achieve before the general partners (GPs) or managers start receiving a share of the profits, known as carried interest. It acts as a performance threshold that ensures limited partners (LPs) get a certain return on their investment before the general partners receive theirs. Hurdle rates in private equity typically range from 7% to 8% but can vary based on the fund's strategy and the agreement between LPs and GPs. Only after reaching the hurdle rate do GPs start receiving their share of the profits, often about 20% of the fund's returns above the hurdle rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> Suppose a private equity fund has the following details: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> <li>Fund size: $100 million.</li><li>Hurdle rate: 8% a year.</li><li>Carried interest: 20% for the GPs.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> If the fund's return is below 8%, all returns are distributed to the LPs, and the GPs do not receive carried interest. Any returns above the 8% hurdle rate are shared between the LPs and the GPs, who receive about 20% in this example. This arrangement aligns the interests of the fund managers with those of the investors, giving an incentive to the GPs to exceed the hurdle rate to achieve their share of the profits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> There are variations in hurdle rate structures. Some private equity funds employ a fixed hurdle rate, while others might link it to a benchmark, making it variable. There can be tiered hurdle rates in more complex arrangements, with different levels of carried interest rates applying up a ladder of performance thresholds.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-limitations-of-the-hurdle-rate"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Limitations of the Hurdle Rate </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"> Hurdle rates typically favor projects or investments with high rates of return on a percentage basis, even if the dollar value is smaller. Suppose project A has a return of 20% and a dollar profit value of $10, and project B has a return of 10% and a dollar profit value of $20. Project A would be more likely chosen because it has a higher rate of return, even though it returns less in terms of overall dollar value. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"> In addition, choosing a risk premium is difficult since it's not guaranteed. A project or investment may return more or less than expected. If the rate is chosen incorrectly, it can result in a flawed use of funds or missed opportunities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-hurdle-rate-vs-internal-rate-of-return-irr"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Hurdle Rate vs. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> The hurdle rate and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp">IRR</a> are both key financial metrics used in investment and capital budgeting, but they serve different purposes and are used in different ways. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> The hurdle rate is essentially the minimum acceptable return on an investment. It is often set at the company's WACC added to the risk-free rate, although it can be adjusted higher for riskier projects. It is used as a benchmark to determine whether an investment is worth pursuing. If the expected return on a project is higher than the hurdle rate, the project is typically considered viable. The hurdle rate is, therefore, formulated before the assessment of an investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"> The IRR, however, is the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all the cash flows (both positive and negative) from a project or investment equals zero. It is used to estimate the profitability of potential investments. A higher IRR indicates a more profitable investment. Unlike the hurdle rate, the IRR is calculated based on the expected cash flows from the project. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">Hurdle Rate vs. IRR</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Factor</th> <th>Hurdle Rate</th> <th>Internal Rate of Return (IRR)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>Definition</td> <td>Minimum return required from an investment</td> <td>Rate of return at which the NPV of cash flows is zero</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Purpose</td> <td>Used as a benchmark to assess whether an investment should be undertaken</td> <td>Used to estimate the profitability of an investment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Calculation</td> <td>Predetermined, often set at the WACC plus the risk premium</td> <td>Calculated based on the project's expected cash flows</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Decision Criterion</td> <td>If the expected ROI is greater than the hurdle rate, the investment is usually supported</td> <td>If the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, the investment is considered favorable</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Adjustment for Risk</td> <td>Can be adjusted to account for project-specific risks</td> <td>It does not directly adjust for risk but a higher IRR is typically seen as compensating for higher risk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Use in Capital Budgeting</td> <td>Fundamental in deciding whether to proceed with a project</td> <td>Helpful in comparing the profitability of different projects</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-is-the-hurdle-rate-used-in-mergers-and-acquisitions"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Is the Hurdle Rate Used in Mergers and Acquisitions?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>In mergers and acquisitions, the hurdle rate plays a crucial role in evaluating the potential value of the acquisition. It's used as a benchmark to assess if the anticipated efficiencies and the growth prospects from the merger or acquisition justify the investment. A deal is generally pursued only if the expected return is greater than the hurdle rate so that it aligns with the acquiring company's risk tolerance and return expectations.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-the-hurdle-rate-vary-within-a-company"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can the Hurdle Rate Vary Within a Company?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, the hurdle rate can vary within a company based on the risk profile and the nature of different departments or projects. High-risk projects, such as those involving new product development or expanding into new markets, might have a higher hurdle rate than lower-risk endeavors like routine capital maintenance. Varying the hurdle rate helps ensure that the rate of return keeps up with changes in the level of risk associated with each project.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-macroeconomic-factors-influence-the-hurdle-rate"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Macroeconomic Factors Influence the Hurdle Rate?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>External economic factors such as interest rates, inflation, and market volatility can significantly influence a company's hurdle rate. For instance, an increase in interest rates would lead to a higher cost of debt, which would raise the company's WACC and, thus, the hurdle rate. Similarly, higher inflation can increase the hurdle rate since the reduced buying power of future cash flows needs to be considered. Therefore, hurdle rates are not static even for the same project. Companies must regularly reassess and adjust their hurdle rate to reflect changes in the wider economy.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"> A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return required for a company or investor to go ahead with a project. Most companies factor in a risk premium when determining their hurdle rate, assigning a higher rate to riskier projects and a lower rate to projects with more moderate risks. Also known as break-even yield, the hurdle rate is very often a key factor in guiding investment decisions.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block mntl-sc-block--sim-investment-tool" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"><div class="comp sim-investment-tool mntl-block" data-defer="load" id="sim-investment-tool_1-0"></div></div></div>
## What Is a Hurdle Rate? A hurdle rate is the lowest rate of return a project or investment must achieve before a manager or investor deems it acceptable. It's important when companies or investors make important decisions like pursuing a specific project. Riskier projects generally have higher hurdle rates than those with less risk. ### Key Takeaways * A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return required on a project or investment. * Hurdle rates give companies clarity about whether they should pursue a specific project. * Generally, the higher the risk, the higher the hurdle rate. * Investors use a hurdle rate in a discounted cash flow analysis to determine an investment's value and assess its worth. * Companies sometimes use their weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the hurdle rate. * Private equity and hedge funds also use a hurdle rate, which measures when general partners (GPs) are entitled to performance fees. The term is also often used in private equity investing and hedge fund management. For example, in a private equity investment fund, the general partner (GP) can only charge performance fees (known as carried interest) if the limited partner's rate of return crosses the prearranged hurdle rate. ![Hurdle Rate]() ![Hurdle Rate](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nWaNXNBIy5PBbNJsZpiSChPnVFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Investopedia_HurdleRate-e5c222451a0345ff82b12cc69405f53d.jpg) Investopedia / Sydney Burns ## Hurdle Rate Factors The hurdle rate balances the need for profit with the risks and costs involved. This concept is crucial in guiding individual and corporate investment strategy decisions. When determining the hurdle rate, several key factors are taken into account: * **Risk premium**: This part of the hurdle rate accounts for the level of risk associated with the investment. Higher-risk projects typically demand higher risk premiums, reflecting the extra returns investors require to compensate for the increased risk. The risk premium is often calculated based on the industry, market volatility, and the specific risks of the project. * **Inflation rate**: [Inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp) can erode the value of returns over time. The expected inflation rate during the investment period should be considered when setting the hurdle rate. Including the inflation rate ensures that the return on the investment exceeds the nominal cost of capital and keeps pace with the rising cost of goods and services. * **Interest rate**: Interest rates, often reflected in the cost of debt, are another critical part, representing the cost of borrowing money. For investments funded through debt, the interest rate on the borrowed capital forms a baseline for the hurdle rate since the investment must generate enough return to cover this cost. * **Cost of capital**: This is broader, comprising equity and debt financing costs. The cost of capital reflects the return that equity owners and lenders expect on the funds they spend. Calculating the cost of capital often involves weighing the cost of debt (with the interest rate) and the cost of equity, which can be trickier to estimate and usually includes the risk premium. * **Expected rate of return**: The hurdle rate must be above the overall return expected from the investment. If the projected return on investment (ROI) is below the hurdle rate, it may be deemed too risky or not profitable enough to pursue. ## What Does the Hurdle Rate Tell You? Hurdle rates are important, especially when calculating the potential success of future endeavors and projects. Companies determine whether they will take on a capital project based on its risk level. If an expected rate of return is above the hurdle rate, the investment is considered sound. If the rate of return falls below the hurdle rate, management may choose not to move forward. A hurdle rate is also called the [break-even yield](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/what-relationship-between-hurdle-rate-marr-and-internal-rate-return-irr.asp). ## How to Use Hurdle Rate Investors and businesses use hurdle rates to evaluate an investment or project's potential. ### Investing Investors look at the [risk premium](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/061815/what-difference-between-market-risk-premium-and-equity-risk-premium.asp) for a potential investment since it captures the anticipated amount of risk involved. The higher the risk, the higher the risk premium should be. Risk premiums are typically added to the WACC for a more realistic hurdle rate. Using a hurdle rate to determine an investment's potential helps to take our feelings or preferences for it out of the equation. By assigning a realistic risk factor, an investor can use the hurdle rate to assess whether the project has financial merit despite its intrinsic value. ### Business Projects When businesses assess future projects, they often begin with the WACC, which conveys the average rate a company is expected to pay to finance its assets, accounting for its equity and debt. The WACC is calculated by weighing the cost of each capital component (equity, preferred stock, and debt) according to its proportion in the overall capital structure. In practical terms, WACC is a benchmark that presents the minimum return a company must generate on its projects to satisfy its shareholders and debt holders. When a company evaluates new projects, using WACC plus the risk premium ensures that these initiatives are expected to yield returns at least equal to the company’s current cost of capital plus the risk premium. This aligns management decisions with the expectations of investors. Companies can use the net present value (NPV) approach as part of their assessment. NPV involves calculating the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over the project’s life span. Future cash flows are estimated and then [discounted](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dcf.asp) to their present value using a discount rate, typically the hurdle rate, which is often the WACC. The NPV is the sum of these discounted cash flows minus the costs for the initial investment cost. If the NPV is positive, the projected earnings (discounted to present value) are higher than the expected costs, suggesting the project is likely profitable. There is also a method that uses the internal rate of return (IRR), the discount rate that makes the NPV of all cash flows from a project equal to zero. Essentially, it represents the break-even rate of return expected from the project. Thus, a project is generally considered viable if its IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, which is often set as the WACC. The IRR method is handy for comparing the profitability of different investment opportunities, providing a rate of return perspective that complements the absolute value approach of NPV. ## Formula and Calculating Hurdle Rates ### An Example Assessing a Potential Capital Project Since the hurdle rate is the lowest return a company expects from an investment to justify the risk, we can use the [WACC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp) to help calculate this rate. The WACC reflects the average rate of return a company must earn on its investments to satisfy its shareholders and debt holders. Let's say you manage a company evaluating investing in sophisticated manufacturing equipment. Your engineers estimate the new equipment could result in a 20% increase in production efficiency, that is, an ROI of 20%. Here is the standard formula for the hurdle rate for companies weighing an investment: * Hurdle rate = WACC + risk premium A simplified WACC calculation makes this quicker and easier. You just need the following to calculate it: * Value of common stock outstanding * Value of preferred stock outstanding * Value of total debt * Interest rates on each * The current yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury Suppose this is the financial data for your firm: * Common stock: $11,500,000 (60% of total capital), with an expected return of 11%. * Preferred stock: $1,500,000 (8% of total capital), costing 7%. * Debt: $6,250,000 (32% of total capital), with an interest rate of 5%. * Total capital: $19,250,000. To arrive at the table below, we determine the proportional weight of the firm's capital components (common stock, preferred stock, and debt). First, we calculate the weighted cost of each. Then, we multiply each component's cost or return rate by its proportional weight in the total capital structure. Finally, we total up these weighted percentages: * WACC = (0.60 X 11%) + (0.08 X 7%) + (0.32 X 5%) = 8.76% | | Outstanding amount | % Weight | Interest rate | Weighted cost of capital by % | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Common stock | $11,500,000 | 60% | 11% | 6.6% | | Preferred stock | $1,500,000 | 8% | 7% | 0.56% | | Debt | $6,250,000 | 32% | 5% | 1.6% | | | | | **Total WACC**: | **8.76%** | We now need the other element in the equation for the hurdle rate, namely the risk premium. In finance, a risk premium is the extra return above the risk-free rate that investors demand for taking on extra risk. Virtually all investments carry more risk than U.S. Treasurys. So, we can use the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury as the benchmark for the "risk-free rate." Incorporating the 10-year Treasury yield as a risk premium into the hurdle rate helps ensure that it makes up for the market risk (represented by the WACC) and the opportunity cost of investing in the new manufacturing equipment. In this example, we assume the 10-year Treasury yields 4.5%. * Hurdle rate = 8.76% + 4.5% = 13.26%. Since the estimated return on investment of 20% is greater than the hurdle rate of 13.26%, purchasing the new machine would be prudent. The investment is expected to yield returns that exceed the minimum rate required to justify the risk and cost of capital. If, however, it were only expected to yield 10%, it should probably be passed over. ### Like other investment decision-making tools, the hurdle rate is only an estimate. There is no guarantee that returns will match the results of the calculation. ### An Example from Private Equity In [private equity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/privateequity.asp), the hurdle rate has a slightly different meaning, referring to the minimum rate of return a fund has to achieve before the general partners (GPs) or managers start receiving a share of the profits, known as carried interest. It acts as a performance threshold that ensures limited partners (LPs) get a certain return on their investment before the general partners receive theirs. Hurdle rates in private equity typically range from 7% to 8% but can vary based on the fund's strategy and the agreement between LPs and GPs. Only after reaching the hurdle rate do GPs start receiving their share of the profits, often about 20% of the fund's returns above the hurdle rate. Suppose a private equity fund has the following details: * Fund size: $100 million. * Hurdle rate: 8% a year. * Carried interest: 20% for the GPs. If the fund's return is below 8%, all returns are distributed to the LPs, and the GPs do not receive carried interest. Any returns above the 8% hurdle rate are shared between the LPs and the GPs, who receive about 20% in this example. This arrangement aligns the interests of the fund managers with those of the investors, giving an incentive to the GPs to exceed the hurdle rate to achieve their share of the profits. There are variations in hurdle rate structures. Some private equity funds employ a fixed hurdle rate, while others might link it to a benchmark, making it variable. There can be tiered hurdle rates in more complex arrangements, with different levels of carried interest rates applying up a ladder of performance thresholds. ## Limitations of the Hurdle Rate Hurdle rates typically favor projects or investments with high rates of return on a percentage basis, even if the dollar value is smaller. Suppose project A has a return of 20% and a dollar profit value of $10, and project B has a return of 10% and a dollar profit value of $20. Project A would be more likely chosen because it has a higher rate of return, even though it returns less in terms of overall dollar value. In addition, choosing a risk premium is difficult since it's not guaranteed. A project or investment may return more or less than expected. If the rate is chosen incorrectly, it can result in a flawed use of funds or missed opportunities. ## Hurdle Rate vs. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The hurdle rate and [IRR](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp) are both key financial metrics used in investment and capital budgeting, but they serve different purposes and are used in different ways. The hurdle rate is essentially the minimum acceptable return on an investment. It is often set at the company's WACC added to the risk-free rate, although it can be adjusted higher for riskier projects. It is used as a benchmark to determine whether an investment is worth pursuing. If the expected return on a project is higher than the hurdle rate, the project is typically considered viable. The hurdle rate is, therefore, formulated before the assessment of an investment. The IRR, however, is the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all the cash flows (both positive and negative) from a project or investment equals zero. It is used to estimate the profitability of potential investments. A higher IRR indicates a more profitable investment. Unlike the hurdle rate, the IRR is calculated based on the expected cash flows from the project. | Hurdle Rate vs. IRR | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Factor | Hurdle Rate | Internal Rate of Return (IRR) | | Definition | Minimum return required from an investment | Rate of return at which the NPV of cash flows is zero | | Purpose | Used as a benchmark to assess whether an investment should be undertaken | Used to estimate the profitability of an investment | | Calculation | Predetermined, often set at the WACC plus the risk premium | Calculated based on the project's expected cash flows | | Decision Criterion | If the expected ROI is greater than the hurdle rate, the investment is usually supported | If the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, the investment is considered favorable | | Adjustment for Risk | Can be adjusted to account for project-specific risks | It does not directly adjust for risk but a higher IRR is typically seen as compensating for higher risk | | Use in Capital Budgeting | Fundamental in deciding whether to proceed with a project | Helpful in comparing the profitability of different projects | ## How Is the Hurdle Rate Used in Mergers and Acquisitions? In mergers and acquisitions, the hurdle rate plays a crucial role in evaluating the potential value of the acquisition. It's used as a benchmark to assess if the anticipated efficiencies and the growth prospects from the merger or acquisition justify the investment. A deal is generally pursued only if the expected return is greater than the hurdle rate so that it aligns with the acquiring company's risk tolerance and return expectations. ## Can the Hurdle Rate Vary Within a Company? Yes, the hurdle rate can vary within a company based on the risk profile and the nature of different departments or projects. High-risk projects, such as those involving new product development or expanding into new markets, might have a higher hurdle rate than lower-risk endeavors like routine capital maintenance. Varying the hurdle rate helps ensure that the rate of return keeps up with changes in the level of risk associated with each project. ## Do Macroeconomic Factors Influence the Hurdle Rate? External economic factors such as interest rates, inflation, and market volatility can significantly influence a company's hurdle rate. For instance, an increase in interest rates would lead to a higher cost of debt, which would raise the company's WACC and, thus, the hurdle rate. Similarly, higher inflation can increase the hurdle rate since the reduced buying power of future cash flows needs to be considered. Therefore, hurdle rates are not static even for the same project. Companies must regularly reassess and adjust their hurdle rate to reflect changes in the wider economy. ## The Bottom Line A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return required for a company or investor to go ahead with a project. Most companies factor in a risk premium when determining their hurdle rate, assigning a higher rate to riskier projects and a lower rate to projects with more moderate risks. Also known as break-even yield, the hurdle rate is very often a key factor in guiding investment decisions.
What Is a Hurdle Rate? A hurdle rate is the lowest rate of return a project or investment must achieve before a manager or investor deems it acceptable. It's important when companies or investors make important decisions like pursuing a specific project. Riskier projects generally have higher hurdle rates than those with less risk. Key Takeaways A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return required on a project or investment.Hurdle rates give companies clarity about whether they should pursue a specific project.Generally, the higher the risk, the higher the hurdle rate.Investors use a hurdle rate in a discounted cash flow analysis to determine an investment's value and assess its worth.Companies sometimes use their weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the hurdle rate.Private equity and hedge funds also use a hurdle rate, which measures when general partners (GPs) are entitled to performance fees. The term is also often used in private equity investing and hedge fund management. For example, in a private equity investment fund, the general partner (GP) can only charge performance fees (known as carried interest) if the limited partner's rate of return crosses the prearranged hurdle rate. Investopedia / Sydney Burns Hurdle Rate Factors The hurdle rate balances the need for profit with the risks and costs involved. This concept is crucial in guiding individual and corporate investment strategy decisions. When determining the hurdle rate, several key factors are taken into account: Risk premium: This part of the hurdle rate accounts for the level of risk associated with the investment. Higher-risk projects typically demand higher risk premiums, reflecting the extra returns investors require to compensate for the increased risk. The risk premium is often calculated based on the industry, market volatility, and the specific risks of the project. Inflation rate: Inflation can erode the value of returns over time. The expected inflation rate during the investment period should be considered when setting the hurdle rate. Including the inflation rate ensures that the return on the investment exceeds the nominal cost of capital and keeps pace with the rising cost of goods and services. Interest rate: Interest rates, often reflected in the cost of debt, are another critical part, representing the cost of borrowing money. For investments funded through debt, the interest rate on the borrowed capital forms a baseline for the hurdle rate since the investment must generate enough return to cover this cost. Cost of capital: This is broader, comprising equity and debt financing costs. The cost of capital reflects the return that equity owners and lenders expect on the funds they spend. Calculating the cost of capital often involves weighing the cost of debt (with the interest rate) and the cost of equity, which can be trickier to estimate and usually includes the risk premium. Expected rate of return: The hurdle rate must be above the overall return expected from the investment. If the projected return on investment (ROI) is below the hurdle rate, it may be deemed too risky or not profitable enough to pursue. What Does the Hurdle Rate Tell You? Hurdle rates are important, especially when calculating the potential success of future endeavors and projects. Companies determine whether they will take on a capital project based on its risk level. If an expected rate of return is above the hurdle rate, the investment is considered sound. If the rate of return falls below the hurdle rate, management may choose not to move forward. A hurdle rate is also called the break-even yield. How to Use Hurdle Rate Investors and businesses use hurdle rates to evaluate an investment or project's potential. Investing Investors look at the risk premium for a potential investment since it captures the anticipated amount of risk involved. The higher the risk, the higher the risk premium should be. Risk premiums are typically added to the WACC for a more realistic hurdle rate. Using a hurdle rate to determine an investment's potential helps to take our feelings or preferences for it out of the equation. By assigning a realistic risk factor, an investor can use the hurdle rate to assess whether the project has financial merit despite its intrinsic value. Business Projects When businesses assess future projects, they often begin with the WACC, which conveys the average rate a company is expected to pay to finance its assets, accounting for its equity and debt. The WACC is calculated by weighing the cost of each capital component (equity, preferred stock, and debt) according to its proportion in the overall capital structure. In practical terms, WACC is a benchmark that presents the minimum return a company must generate on its projects to satisfy its shareholders and debt holders. When a company evaluates new projects, using WACC plus the risk premium ensures that these initiatives are expected to yield returns at least equal to the company’s current cost of capital plus the risk premium. This aligns management decisions with the expectations of investors. Companies can use the net present value (NPV) approach as part of their assessment. NPV involves calculating the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over the project’s life span. Future cash flows are estimated and then discounted to their present value using a discount rate, typically the hurdle rate, which is often the WACC. The NPV is the sum of these discounted cash flows minus the costs for the initial investment cost. If the NPV is positive, the projected earnings (discounted to present value) are higher than the expected costs, suggesting the project is likely profitable. There is also a method that uses the internal rate of return (IRR), the discount rate that makes the NPV of all cash flows from a project equal to zero. Essentially, it represents the break-even rate of return expected from the project. Thus, a project is generally considered viable if its IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, which is often set as the WACC. The IRR method is handy for comparing the profitability of different investment opportunities, providing a rate of return perspective that complements the absolute value approach of NPV. Formula and Calculating Hurdle Rates An Example Assessing a Potential Capital Project Since the hurdle rate is the lowest return a company expects from an investment to justify the risk, we can use the WACC to help calculate this rate. The WACC reflects the average rate of return a company must earn on its investments to satisfy its shareholders and debt holders. Let's say you manage a company evaluating investing in sophisticated manufacturing equipment. Your engineers estimate the new equipment could result in a 20% increase in production efficiency, that is, an ROI of 20%. Here is the standard formula for the hurdle rate for companies weighing an investment: Hurdle rate = WACC + risk premium A simplified WACC calculation makes this quicker and easier. You just need the following to calculate it: Value of common stock outstandingValue of preferred stock outstandingValue of total debtInterest rates on eachThe current yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury Suppose this is the financial data for your firm: Common stock: $11,500,000 (60% of total capital), with an expected return of 11%.Preferred stock: $1,500,000 (8% of total capital), costing 7%.Debt: $6,250,000 (32% of total capital), with an interest rate of 5%.Total capital: $19,250,000. To arrive at the table below, we determine the proportional weight of the firm's capital components (common stock, preferred stock, and debt). First, we calculate the weighted cost of each. Then, we multiply each component's cost or return rate by its proportional weight in the total capital structure. Finally, we total up these weighted percentages: WACC = (0.60 X 11%) + (0.08 X 7%) + (0.32 X 5%) = 8.76% Outstanding amount % Weight Interest rate Weighted cost of capital by % Common stock $11,500,000 60% 11% 6.6% Preferred stock $1,500,000 8% 7% 0.56% Debt $6,250,000 32% 5% 1.6% Total WACC: 8.76% We now need the other element in the equation for the hurdle rate, namely the risk premium. In finance, a risk premium is the extra return above the risk-free rate that investors demand for taking on extra risk. Virtually all investments carry more risk than U.S. Treasurys. So, we can use the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury as the benchmark for the "risk-free rate." Incorporating the 10-year Treasury yield as a risk premium into the hurdle rate helps ensure that it makes up for the market risk (represented by the WACC) and the opportunity cost of investing in the new manufacturing equipment. In this example, we assume the 10-year Treasury yields 4.5%. Hurdle rate = 8.76% + 4.5% = 13.26%. Since the estimated return on investment of 20% is greater than the hurdle rate of 13.26%, purchasing the new machine would be prudent. The investment is expected to yield returns that exceed the minimum rate required to justify the risk and cost of capital. If, however, it were only expected to yield 10%, it should probably be passed over. Like other investment decision-making tools, the hurdle rate is only an estimate. There is no guarantee that returns will match the results of the calculation. An Example from Private Equity In private equity, the hurdle rate has a slightly different meaning, referring to the minimum rate of return a fund has to achieve before the general partners (GPs) or managers start receiving a share of the profits, known as carried interest. It acts as a performance threshold that ensures limited partners (LPs) get a certain return on their investment before the general partners receive theirs. Hurdle rates in private equity typically range from 7% to 8% but can vary based on the fund's strategy and the agreement between LPs and GPs. Only after reaching the hurdle rate do GPs start receiving their share of the profits, often about 20% of the fund's returns above the hurdle rate. Suppose a private equity fund has the following details: Fund size: $100 million.Hurdle rate: 8% a year.Carried interest: 20% for the GPs. If the fund's return is below 8%, all returns are distributed to the LPs, and the GPs do not receive carried interest. Any returns above the 8% hurdle rate are shared between the LPs and the GPs, who receive about 20% in this example. This arrangement aligns the interests of the fund managers with those of the investors, giving an incentive to the GPs to exceed the hurdle rate to achieve their share of the profits. There are variations in hurdle rate structures. Some private equity funds employ a fixed hurdle rate, while others might link it to a benchmark, making it variable. There can be tiered hurdle rates in more complex arrangements, with different levels of carried interest rates applying up a ladder of performance thresholds. Limitations of the Hurdle Rate Hurdle rates typically favor projects or investments with high rates of return on a percentage basis, even if the dollar value is smaller. Suppose project A has a return of 20% and a dollar profit value of $10, and project B has a return of 10% and a dollar profit value of $20. Project A would be more likely chosen because it has a higher rate of return, even though it returns less in terms of overall dollar value. In addition, choosing a risk premium is difficult since it's not guaranteed. A project or investment may return more or less than expected. If the rate is chosen incorrectly, it can result in a flawed use of funds or missed opportunities. Hurdle Rate vs. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The hurdle rate and IRR are both key financial metrics used in investment and capital budgeting, but they serve different purposes and are used in different ways. The hurdle rate is essentially the minimum acceptable return on an investment. It is often set at the company's WACC added to the risk-free rate, although it can be adjusted higher for riskier projects. It is used as a benchmark to determine whether an investment is worth pursuing. If the expected return on a project is higher than the hurdle rate, the project is typically considered viable. The hurdle rate is, therefore, formulated before the assessment of an investment. The IRR, however, is the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all the cash flows (both positive and negative) from a project or investment equals zero. It is used to estimate the profitability of potential investments. A higher IRR indicates a more profitable investment. Unlike the hurdle rate, the IRR is calculated based on the expected cash flows from the project. Hurdle Rate vs. IRR Factor Hurdle Rate Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Definition Minimum return required from an investment Rate of return at which the NPV of cash flows is zero Purpose Used as a benchmark to assess whether an investment should be undertaken Used to estimate the profitability of an investment Calculation Predetermined, often set at the WACC plus the risk premium Calculated based on the project's expected cash flows Decision Criterion If the expected ROI is greater than the hurdle rate, the investment is usually supported If the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, the investment is considered favorable Adjustment for Risk Can be adjusted to account for project-specific risks It does not directly adjust for risk but a higher IRR is typically seen as compensating for higher risk Use in Capital Budgeting Fundamental in deciding whether to proceed with a project Helpful in comparing the profitability of different projects How Is the Hurdle Rate Used in Mergers and Acquisitions? In mergers and acquisitions, the hurdle rate plays a crucial role in evaluating the potential value of the acquisition. It's used as a benchmark to assess if the anticipated efficiencies and the growth prospects from the merger or acquisition justify the investment. A deal is generally pursued only if the expected return is greater than the hurdle rate so that it aligns with the acquiring company's risk tolerance and return expectations. Can the Hurdle Rate Vary Within a Company? Yes, the hurdle rate can vary within a company based on the risk profile and the nature of different departments or projects. High-risk projects, such as those involving new product development or expanding into new markets, might have a higher hurdle rate than lower-risk endeavors like routine capital maintenance. Varying the hurdle rate helps ensure that the rate of return keeps up with changes in the level of risk associated with each project. Do Macroeconomic Factors Influence the Hurdle Rate? External economic factors such as interest rates, inflation, and market volatility can significantly influence a company's hurdle rate. For instance, an increase in interest rates would lead to a higher cost of debt, which would raise the company's WACC and, thus, the hurdle rate. Similarly, higher inflation can increase the hurdle rate since the reduced buying power of future cash flows needs to be considered. Therefore, hurdle rates are not static even for the same project. Companies must regularly reassess and adjust their hurdle rate to reflect changes in the wider economy. The Bottom Line A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return required for a company or investor to go ahead with a project. Most companies factor in a risk premium when determining their hurdle rate, assigning a higher rate to riskier projects and a lower rate to projects with more moderate risks. Also known as break-even yield, the hurdle rate is very often a key factor in guiding investment decisions.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/delayed-perpetuity.asp
Delayed Perpetuity: Meaning, Examples, Calculations
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-delayed-perpetuity"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Delayed Perpetuity? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Perpetuity is a series of fixed payments that last an infinite period. Delayed or deferred perpetuity is a perpetual stream of cash flows that begins at a predetermined date in the future. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Fixed dividend-paying <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preferredstock.asp">preferred shares</a> are often valued using a perpetuity formula. If the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp#:~:text=our%20editorial%20policies-,What%20Is%20a%20Dividend%3F,of%20reinvestment%20in%20additional%20stock.">dividends</a> originate in five years, rather than next year, the stream of cash flows would be considered delayed perpetuity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-delayed-perpetuity"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Delayed Perpetuity </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> In financial terms, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perpetuity.asp">perpetuity</a> refers to a constant series of payments received over time with no ending date. Rather than disbursements in the present, a financial instrument with delayed perpetuity has payments that begin at a determined point in the future. Delayed perpetuity is also referred to as deferred perpetuity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Perpetuity refers to a fixed set of payments that continue without an ending date.</li><li>Delayed or deferred perpetuity is a term that refers to payments that begin on a future start date.</li><li>A deferred annuity, where retirement benefits are paid at a later date with fixed payments for life, employs the delayed perpetuity concept.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> It is possible to calculate the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/presentvalue.asp">present value</a> of a financial instrument that relies on delayed perpetuity. Such an example involves a version of the perpetuity formula, but one that factors in the discounted value of the delayed income. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> It is important to remember that the net present value, or NPV, of delayed perpetuity, is less than ordinary perpetuity. This is because of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/timevalueofmoney.asp">time value of money</a> principles, which hold that money available in the present moment is worth more than the same sum of money available in the future. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Money in the present moment is worth more because of its potential ability to earn interest, as well as other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp">opportunity costs</a> associated with money received on a delayed basis.  In calculating the present value of delayed perpetuity payments, the payments have to be discounted to account for the delay. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-delayed-perpetuity"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Delayed Perpetuity </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Fixed <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preferreddividend.asp">dividend shares</a>, also known as preferred stock shares, can be structured as delayed perpetual payments if the payments are scheduled to begin at a future date rather than right away. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> Retirement products are often structured using the concept of delayed perpetuity because they are designed to make fixed periodic payments in an unknown life span of the retiree. They allow retirees or prospective retirees to invest money now to later fund their daily expenses in retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/terminalvalue.asp#:~:text=Terminal%20value%20%28TV%29%20is%20the,of%20the%20total%20assessed%20value.">terminal value</a> of a project or a company can be considered an example of delayed perpetuity. Terminal value (TV) is the value of an asset, business, or project beyond the forecasted period when future cash flows can be estimated and produce a fixed cash flow indefinitely. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deferredannuity.asp">deferred annuity</a> is a financial instrument that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040715/annuity-perpetuity.asp">relies on delayed perpetuity</a>. Investors in a deferred annuity receive a consecutive stream of fixed payments in perpetuity beginning at a future date. For example, a deferred annuity may provide $10,000 payments annually for life, with the first payment delayed until the end of the sixth year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-does-an-investor-calculate-the-present-value-of-a-delayed-perpetuity"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Does an Investor Calculate the Present Value of a Delayed Perpetuity?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The formula for calculating the present value of delayed perpetuity is:</p><ul><li>PV = ( CF / r ) * ( 1 / ( 1 + r ) ( n – 1 ) )</li></ul><p><br/></p><p>Where</p><ul><li>CF = Annual cash flow </li><li>r = discount rate  </li><li>n = Number of periods of deferral</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-perpetuity-an-delayed-perpetuity"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Difference Between Perpetuity an Delayed Perpetuity?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>While both represent an infinite stream of cash flows, perpetuity begins immediately with the first cash flow. Deferred perpetuity is a stream of cash flows that begins after a specified period, such as a dividend that starts after five years of the inception of a new business.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-is-calculating-perpetuity-or-delayed-perpetuity-important"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Why Is Calculating Perpetuity or Delayed Perpetuity Important?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The perpetuity formula makes it possible for financial experts to assign a present and future value to stocks, estates, land, and additional investments.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Delayed perpetuity is a perpetual stream of cash flows that begins at a predetermined date in the future. Financial instruments that use delayed perpetuity include retirement investments and annuities. Delayed perpetuity is also referred to as deferred perpetuity. </p></div>
## What Is Delayed Perpetuity? Perpetuity is a series of fixed payments that last an infinite period. Delayed or deferred perpetuity is a perpetual stream of cash flows that begins at a predetermined date in the future. Fixed dividend-paying [preferred shares](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preferredstock.asp) are often valued using a perpetuity formula. If the [dividends](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp#:~:text=our%20editorial%20policies-,What%20Is%20a%20Dividend%3F,of%20reinvestment%20in%20additional%20stock.) originate in five years, rather than next year, the stream of cash flows would be considered delayed perpetuity. ## Understanding Delayed Perpetuity In financial terms, [perpetuity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perpetuity.asp) refers to a constant series of payments received over time with no ending date. Rather than disbursements in the present, a financial instrument with delayed perpetuity has payments that begin at a determined point in the future. Delayed perpetuity is also referred to as deferred perpetuity. ### Key Takeaways * Perpetuity refers to a fixed set of payments that continue without an ending date. * Delayed or deferred perpetuity is a term that refers to payments that begin on a future start date. * A deferred annuity, where retirement benefits are paid at a later date with fixed payments for life, employs the delayed perpetuity concept. It is possible to calculate the [present value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/presentvalue.asp) of a financial instrument that relies on delayed perpetuity. Such an example involves a version of the perpetuity formula, but one that factors in the discounted value of the delayed income. It is important to remember that the net present value, or NPV, of delayed perpetuity, is less than ordinary perpetuity. This is because of the [time value of money](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/timevalueofmoney.asp) principles, which hold that money available in the present moment is worth more than the same sum of money available in the future. Money in the present moment is worth more because of its potential ability to earn interest, as well as other [opportunity costs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp) associated with money received on a delayed basis.  In calculating the present value of delayed perpetuity payments, the payments have to be discounted to account for the delay. ## Examples of Delayed Perpetuity Fixed [dividend shares](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preferreddividend.asp), also known as preferred stock shares, can be structured as delayed perpetual payments if the payments are scheduled to begin at a future date rather than right away. Retirement products are often structured using the concept of delayed perpetuity because they are designed to make fixed periodic payments in an unknown life span of the retiree. They allow retirees or prospective retirees to invest money now to later fund their daily expenses in retirement. The [terminal value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/terminalvalue.asp#:~:text=Terminal%20value%20%28TV%29%20is%20the,of%20the%20total%20assessed%20value.) of a project or a company can be considered an example of delayed perpetuity. Terminal value (TV) is the value of an asset, business, or project beyond the forecasted period when future cash flows can be estimated and produce a fixed cash flow indefinitely. A [deferred annuity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deferredannuity.asp) is a financial instrument that [relies on delayed perpetuity](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040715/annuity-perpetuity.asp). Investors in a deferred annuity receive a consecutive stream of fixed payments in perpetuity beginning at a future date. For example, a deferred annuity may provide $10,000 payments annually for life, with the first payment delayed until the end of the sixth year. ## How Does an Investor Calculate the Present Value of a Delayed Perpetuity? The formula for calculating the present value of delayed perpetuity is: * PV = ( CF / r ) \* ( 1 / ( 1 + r ) ( n – 1 ) ) Where * CF = Annual cash flow * r = discount rate * n = Number of periods of deferral ## What Is the Difference Between Perpetuity an Delayed Perpetuity? While both represent an infinite stream of cash flows, perpetuity begins immediately with the first cash flow. Deferred perpetuity is a stream of cash flows that begins after a specified period, such as a dividend that starts after five years of the inception of a new business. ## Why Is Calculating Perpetuity or Delayed Perpetuity Important? The perpetuity formula makes it possible for financial experts to assign a present and future value to stocks, estates, land, and additional investments. ## The Bottom Line Delayed perpetuity is a perpetual stream of cash flows that begins at a predetermined date in the future. Financial instruments that use delayed perpetuity include retirement investments and annuities. Delayed perpetuity is also referred to as deferred perpetuity.
What Is Delayed Perpetuity? Perpetuity is a series of fixed payments that last an infinite period. Delayed or deferred perpetuity is a perpetual stream of cash flows that begins at a predetermined date in the future. Fixed dividend-paying preferred shares are often valued using a perpetuity formula. If the dividends originate in five years, rather than next year, the stream of cash flows would be considered delayed perpetuity. Understanding Delayed Perpetuity In financial terms, perpetuity refers to a constant series of payments received over time with no ending date. Rather than disbursements in the present, a financial instrument with delayed perpetuity has payments that begin at a determined point in the future. Delayed perpetuity is also referred to as deferred perpetuity. Key Takeaways Perpetuity refers to a fixed set of payments that continue without an ending date.Delayed or deferred perpetuity is a term that refers to payments that begin on a future start date.A deferred annuity, where retirement benefits are paid at a later date with fixed payments for life, employs the delayed perpetuity concept. It is possible to calculate the present value of a financial instrument that relies on delayed perpetuity. Such an example involves a version of the perpetuity formula, but one that factors in the discounted value of the delayed income. It is important to remember that the net present value, or NPV, of delayed perpetuity, is less than ordinary perpetuity. This is because of the time value of money principles, which hold that money available in the present moment is worth more than the same sum of money available in the future. Money in the present moment is worth more because of its potential ability to earn interest, as well as other opportunity costs associated with money received on a delayed basis.  In calculating the present value of delayed perpetuity payments, the payments have to be discounted to account for the delay. Examples of Delayed Perpetuity Fixed dividend shares, also known as preferred stock shares, can be structured as delayed perpetual payments if the payments are scheduled to begin at a future date rather than right away. Retirement products are often structured using the concept of delayed perpetuity because they are designed to make fixed periodic payments in an unknown life span of the retiree. They allow retirees or prospective retirees to invest money now to later fund their daily expenses in retirement. The terminal value of a project or a company can be considered an example of delayed perpetuity. Terminal value (TV) is the value of an asset, business, or project beyond the forecasted period when future cash flows can be estimated and produce a fixed cash flow indefinitely. A deferred annuity is a financial instrument that relies on delayed perpetuity. Investors in a deferred annuity receive a consecutive stream of fixed payments in perpetuity beginning at a future date. For example, a deferred annuity may provide $10,000 payments annually for life, with the first payment delayed until the end of the sixth year. How Does an Investor Calculate the Present Value of a Delayed Perpetuity? The formula for calculating the present value of delayed perpetuity is:PV = ( CF / r ) * ( 1 / ( 1 + r ) ( n – 1 ) )WhereCF = Annual cash flow r = discount rate  n = Number of periods of deferral What Is the Difference Between Perpetuity an Delayed Perpetuity? While both represent an infinite stream of cash flows, perpetuity begins immediately with the first cash flow. Deferred perpetuity is a stream of cash flows that begins after a specified period, such as a dividend that starts after five years of the inception of a new business. Why Is Calculating Perpetuity or Delayed Perpetuity Important? The perpetuity formula makes it possible for financial experts to assign a present and future value to stocks, estates, land, and additional investments. The Bottom Line Delayed perpetuity is a perpetual stream of cash flows that begins at a predetermined date in the future. Financial instruments that use delayed perpetuity include retirement investments and annuities. Delayed perpetuity is also referred to as deferred perpetuity.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warehousereceipt.asp
Warehouse Receipt: What it is, How it Works
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-warehouse-receipt"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Warehouse Receipt? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A warehouse receipt is a type of documentation used in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futuresmarket.asp">futures markets</a> to guarantee the quantity and quality of a particular <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp">commodity</a> being stored within an approved facility. Warehouse receipts are important because they serve as proof that the commodity is in the warehouse and that the proper documentation has been verified.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Warehouse receipts are also used during the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warehouse-financing.asp">warehouse financing process</a> to verify the quality of pledged/collateralized inventory. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Commodities need to meet specific quality standards in order to be traded as a futures contract, and the warehouse receipts play a role in verifying that the necessary requirements have been met. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A warehouse receipt is used in the futures markets to guarantee the quantity and quality of a commodity being stored in a facility.</li><li>Exchange-approved warehouses are used to provide a secure location to store the physical commodity as well as provide inventory management.</li><li>The warehouse receipt provides the exchange with documentation that the goods authorized for sale are available for transfer to a buyer.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-a-warehouse-receipt"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding a Warehouse Receipt </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Warehouse <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/receipt.asp">receipts</a> are a part of the operational business processing involved with futures contracts for physical delivery.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp">futures contract</a> is an obligation to buy or sell a commodity or security at a predetermined price at a date in the future. Futures are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp">derivatives</a> because they derive their value from the price of the underlying security or commodity. There are many types of commodity futures, including corn, wheat, oil, gold, and silver. Futures contracts are standardized, meaning they have a set quantity and are deliverable by certain dates throughout the year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> However, futures also have quality standards that must be met and warehouse receipts play a role in the inventory and delivery process of the underlying commodity for the contract. For a commodity to be delivered, to satisfy a futures contract, there must be a warehouse receipt for the goods.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Sometimes, instead of the physical delivery of the actual commodities backing a contract, warehouse receipts can be used to settle futures contracts. For <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preciousmetal.asp">precious metals</a>, warehouse receipts may also be referred to as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vaultreceipt.asp">vault receipts</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-commodities-for-physical-delivery"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Commodities for Physical Delivery </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Futures contracts are broadly used by all types of companies manufacturing and transporting various types of goods. Some of the most popular futures exchanges include the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cme.asp">Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cbot.asp">Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT)</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nymex.asp">New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX)</a>, and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nybot.asp">New York Board of Trade (NYBOT)</a>. Futures exchanges are used by buyers and sellers to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp">hedge</a>–or protect themselves from–the price <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> of all types of commodities. In some cases, traders may use the futures market to speculate and profit from arbitrage opportunities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> However, the majority of trades made on futures exchanges are done by commercial traders who seek to either sell or buy commodities for physical delivery. Commodities for physical delivery are used to produce and manufacture a wide range of goods that comprise a large portion of the U.S economy’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp">gross domestic product (GDP)</a>. GDP is a measurement of economic growth in an economy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futures.asp">Futures</a> contracts on commodities differ from plain vanilla options on stocks. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/optionscontract.asp">Options contracts</a> give the holder the right to buy or sell the underlying stock at a preset price or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/strikeprice.asp">strike price</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> While stocks and other underlying exchange-traded securities for options can be easily bought and sold electronically with electronic settlement, futures contracts require the tracking of physical inventory. Also, specific quality standards must be met for a commodity to be physically delivered as a result of a futures contract.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-certificated-stock"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Certificated Stock </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The tracking of physical inventory provides for some important procedures that must be followed by commodity producers. In order for commodity producers to write contracts on their commodity inventory, they must be licensed and registered with the appropriate authorities. Commodity producers must also certificate their physical inventory through a certification process that involves inspection and authentication resulting in a certificated stock approval. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificatedstock.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Certificated stock</a> can then be used to write contracts on inventory in the futures market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-warehouse-receipts"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Warehouse Receipts </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Each futures exchange has specific delivery and storage requirements that must be met. For example, at the CME, exchange-approved warehouses are the only entities and locations that can deliver against a futures contract.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Exchange-approved warehouses are used to provide a secure location to store the physical commodity. The warehouse also provides the inventory management services for the futures exchange and ensures that any commodities delivered to the warehouse meet the strict specifications, including having the proper certifications. For example, copper and gold would each have their own specific weight and quality requirements that would need to be met before the warehouse could accept a shipment from a refiner or producer. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Warehouse receipts are another operational step taken when a physical commodity is used as backing for a futures contract. A warehouse receipt provides the exchange with documentation that the goods authorized for sale are available and ready for transfer to a buyer.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> The entity selling their inventory will write a futures contract to sell at a specified price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Warehouse receipts are required with the writing of a short (or sale) commodity futures contract. The entity that takes the long (or buy) position is assured by the warehouse receipt. The entity with the long position contract at expiration will receive the commodity inventory at the specified price.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> If the buyer didn't want to take delivery of all of the commodity, for example, they could ship a partial order to where they need it (such as their store to sell it) and hold the remaining portion in the warehouse. The warehouse receipt would act as ownership for the commodity in storage at the exchange-approved warehouse.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p></div>
## What Is a Warehouse Receipt? A warehouse receipt is a type of documentation used in the [futures markets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futuresmarket.asp) to guarantee the quantity and quality of a particular [commodity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp) being stored within an approved facility. Warehouse receipts are important because they serve as proof that the commodity is in the warehouse and that the proper documentation has been verified. Warehouse receipts are also used during the [warehouse financing process](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warehouse-financing.asp) to verify the quality of pledged/collateralized inventory. Commodities need to meet specific quality standards in order to be traded as a futures contract, and the warehouse receipts play a role in verifying that the necessary requirements have been met. ### Key Takeaways * A warehouse receipt is used in the futures markets to guarantee the quantity and quality of a commodity being stored in a facility. * Exchange-approved warehouses are used to provide a secure location to store the physical commodity as well as provide inventory management. * The warehouse receipt provides the exchange with documentation that the goods authorized for sale are available for transfer to a buyer. ## Understanding a Warehouse Receipt Warehouse [receipts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/receipt.asp) are a part of the operational business processing involved with futures contracts for physical delivery. A [futures contract](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp) is an obligation to buy or sell a commodity or security at a predetermined price at a date in the future. Futures are [derivatives](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp) because they derive their value from the price of the underlying security or commodity. There are many types of commodity futures, including corn, wheat, oil, gold, and silver. Futures contracts are standardized, meaning they have a set quantity and are deliverable by certain dates throughout the year. However, futures also have quality standards that must be met and warehouse receipts play a role in the inventory and delivery process of the underlying commodity for the contract. For a commodity to be delivered, to satisfy a futures contract, there must be a warehouse receipt for the goods. Sometimes, instead of the physical delivery of the actual commodities backing a contract, warehouse receipts can be used to settle futures contracts. For [precious metals](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preciousmetal.asp), warehouse receipts may also be referred to as [vault receipts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vaultreceipt.asp). ## Commodities for Physical Delivery Futures contracts are broadly used by all types of companies manufacturing and transporting various types of goods. Some of the most popular futures exchanges include the [Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cme.asp), [Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cbot.asp), [New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nymex.asp), and the [New York Board of Trade (NYBOT)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nybot.asp). Futures exchanges are used by buyers and sellers to [hedge](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp)–or protect themselves from–the price [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) of all types of commodities. In some cases, traders may use the futures market to speculate and profit from arbitrage opportunities. However, the majority of trades made on futures exchanges are done by commercial traders who seek to either sell or buy commodities for physical delivery. Commodities for physical delivery are used to produce and manufacture a wide range of goods that comprise a large portion of the U.S economy’s [gross domestic product (GDP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp). GDP is a measurement of economic growth in an economy. [Futures](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futures.asp) contracts on commodities differ from plain vanilla options on stocks. [Options contracts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/optionscontract.asp) give the holder the right to buy or sell the underlying stock at a preset price or [strike price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/strikeprice.asp). While stocks and other underlying exchange-traded securities for options can be easily bought and sold electronically with electronic settlement, futures contracts require the tracking of physical inventory. Also, specific quality standards must be met for a commodity to be physically delivered as a result of a futures contract. ## Certificated Stock The tracking of physical inventory provides for some important procedures that must be followed by commodity producers. In order for commodity producers to write contracts on their commodity inventory, they must be licensed and registered with the appropriate authorities. Commodity producers must also certificate their physical inventory through a certification process that involves inspection and authentication resulting in a certificated stock approval. [Certificated stock](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificatedstock.asp) can then be used to write contracts on inventory in the futures market. ## Warehouse Receipts Each futures exchange has specific delivery and storage requirements that must be met. For example, at the CME, exchange-approved warehouses are the only entities and locations that can deliver against a futures contract. Exchange-approved warehouses are used to provide a secure location to store the physical commodity. The warehouse also provides the inventory management services for the futures exchange and ensures that any commodities delivered to the warehouse meet the strict specifications, including having the proper certifications. For example, copper and gold would each have their own specific weight and quality requirements that would need to be met before the warehouse could accept a shipment from a refiner or producer. Warehouse receipts are another operational step taken when a physical commodity is used as backing for a futures contract. A warehouse receipt provides the exchange with documentation that the goods authorized for sale are available and ready for transfer to a buyer. The entity selling their inventory will write a futures contract to sell at a specified price. Warehouse receipts are required with the writing of a short (or sale) commodity futures contract. The entity that takes the long (or buy) position is assured by the warehouse receipt. The entity with the long position contract at expiration will receive the commodity inventory at the specified price. If the buyer didn't want to take delivery of all of the commodity, for example, they could ship a partial order to where they need it (such as their store to sell it) and hold the remaining portion in the warehouse. The warehouse receipt would act as ownership for the commodity in storage at the exchange-approved warehouse.
What Is a Warehouse Receipt? A warehouse receipt is a type of documentation used in the futures markets to guarantee the quantity and quality of a particular commodity being stored within an approved facility. Warehouse receipts are important because they serve as proof that the commodity is in the warehouse and that the proper documentation has been verified. Warehouse receipts are also used during the warehouse financing process to verify the quality of pledged/collateralized inventory. Commodities need to meet specific quality standards in order to be traded as a futures contract, and the warehouse receipts play a role in verifying that the necessary requirements have been met. Key Takeaways A warehouse receipt is used in the futures markets to guarantee the quantity and quality of a commodity being stored in a facility.Exchange-approved warehouses are used to provide a secure location to store the physical commodity as well as provide inventory management.The warehouse receipt provides the exchange with documentation that the goods authorized for sale are available for transfer to a buyer. Understanding a Warehouse Receipt Warehouse receipts are a part of the operational business processing involved with futures contracts for physical delivery. A futures contract is an obligation to buy or sell a commodity or security at a predetermined price at a date in the future. Futures are derivatives because they derive their value from the price of the underlying security or commodity. There are many types of commodity futures, including corn, wheat, oil, gold, and silver. Futures contracts are standardized, meaning they have a set quantity and are deliverable by certain dates throughout the year. However, futures also have quality standards that must be met and warehouse receipts play a role in the inventory and delivery process of the underlying commodity for the contract. For a commodity to be delivered, to satisfy a futures contract, there must be a warehouse receipt for the goods. Sometimes, instead of the physical delivery of the actual commodities backing a contract, warehouse receipts can be used to settle futures contracts. For precious metals, warehouse receipts may also be referred to as vault receipts. Commodities for Physical Delivery Futures contracts are broadly used by all types of companies manufacturing and transporting various types of goods. Some of the most popular futures exchanges include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), and the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT). Futures exchanges are used by buyers and sellers to hedge–or protect themselves from–the price volatility of all types of commodities. In some cases, traders may use the futures market to speculate and profit from arbitrage opportunities. However, the majority of trades made on futures exchanges are done by commercial traders who seek to either sell or buy commodities for physical delivery. Commodities for physical delivery are used to produce and manufacture a wide range of goods that comprise a large portion of the U.S economy’s gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is a measurement of economic growth in an economy. Futures contracts on commodities differ from plain vanilla options on stocks. Options contracts give the holder the right to buy or sell the underlying stock at a preset price or strike price. While stocks and other underlying exchange-traded securities for options can be easily bought and sold electronically with electronic settlement, futures contracts require the tracking of physical inventory. Also, specific quality standards must be met for a commodity to be physically delivered as a result of a futures contract. Certificated Stock The tracking of physical inventory provides for some important procedures that must be followed by commodity producers. In order for commodity producers to write contracts on their commodity inventory, they must be licensed and registered with the appropriate authorities. Commodity producers must also certificate their physical inventory through a certification process that involves inspection and authentication resulting in a certificated stock approval. Certificated stock can then be used to write contracts on inventory in the futures market. Warehouse Receipts Each futures exchange has specific delivery and storage requirements that must be met. For example, at the CME, exchange-approved warehouses are the only entities and locations that can deliver against a futures contract. Exchange-approved warehouses are used to provide a secure location to store the physical commodity. The warehouse also provides the inventory management services for the futures exchange and ensures that any commodities delivered to the warehouse meet the strict specifications, including having the proper certifications. For example, copper and gold would each have their own specific weight and quality requirements that would need to be met before the warehouse could accept a shipment from a refiner or producer. Warehouse receipts are another operational step taken when a physical commodity is used as backing for a futures contract. A warehouse receipt provides the exchange with documentation that the goods authorized for sale are available and ready for transfer to a buyer. The entity selling their inventory will write a futures contract to sell at a specified price. Warehouse receipts are required with the writing of a short (or sale) commodity futures contract. The entity that takes the long (or buy) position is assured by the warehouse receipt. The entity with the long position contract at expiration will receive the commodity inventory at the specified price. If the buyer didn't want to take delivery of all of the commodity, for example, they could ship a partial order to where they need it (such as their store to sell it) and hold the remaining portion in the warehouse. The warehouse receipt would act as ownership for the commodity in storage at the exchange-approved warehouse.
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https://www.investopedia.com/hims-and-hers-health-jumps-on-plans-to-offer-glp-1-weight-loss-drugs-8651286
Hims & Hers Health Stock Jumps Nearly 28% on Plans to Offer GLP-1 Weight-Loss Drugs
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Shares of telehealth company Hims &amp; Hers skyrocketed Monday after the company announced plans to offer GLP-1 injections of a weight-loss drug using the same active ingredient as popular weight-loss drugs Ozempic and Mounjaro.</li><li>Demand for popular weight-loss drugs has boosted the earnings and stock prices of their makers, such as Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, in recent quarters.</li><li>However, the market for weight-loss and diabetes treatments has been limited by supply as companies have rushed to increase production over the last year.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Shares of Hims &amp; Hers Health (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=HIMS">HIMS</a>) surged close to 28% Monday after the telehealth company said it would begin offering GLP-1 injections as part of its weight-loss package of drugs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> The market for weight-loss treatments has <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/booming-demand-boosts-forecasts-for-weight-loss-drugs-7564897">exploded in recent years</a>, led by drugs containing the same active ingredient, such as Mounjaro and Zepbound from Eli Lilly (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=LLY">LLY</a>) and Ozempic and Wegovy from Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVO">NVO</a>). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-popular-weight-loss-drugmakers-stock-prices-boosted-by-surging-demand"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Popular Weight-Loss Drugmakers' Stock Prices Boosted by Surging Demand </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> The rising popularity of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs has helped <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/eli-lilly-q1-2024-earnings-stock-jumps-8640894">drive Eli Lilly</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/novo-nordisk-earnings-beat-estimates-on-surging-demand-for-its-weight-loss-drugs-8642271">Novo Nordisk's earnings</a> and stock prices significantly higher in the last year as both companies have worked to raise production capacity to meet demand. The move by Hims &amp; Hers Health to offer GLP-1 injections could help the telehealth company capitalize on the trend. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> “We’ve leveraged our size and scale to secure access to one of the highest-quality supplies of compounded GLP-1 injections available today," Hims &amp; Hers co-founder and CEO Andrew Dudum said in a Monday statement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/employer-provided-health-care-costs-spike-on-weight-loss-drugs-inflation-8404180">cost</a> for Hims &amp; Hers weight-loss treatment plans including oral prescriptions start at $79 per month, while the compounded GLP-1 injections will start at $199 per month. That pricing could make Hims &amp; Hers treatments more affordable for some users than Ozempic and Mounjaro, which can range from as low as $25 for someone <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/cigna-strikes-deals-to-limit-cost-of-weight-loss-drugs-8605756">with insurance that covers</a> the treatments to over $1,000 for a monthly supply, depending on eligibility for certain savings programs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> The company said the shots will be distributed through its pharmacy partners, with plans to expand the program's offerings once "consistent supply" is available. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-guidance-doesnt-include-weight-loss-drugs-impact"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Guidance Doesn't Include Weight-Loss Drug's Impact </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> The company said its current earnings guidance doesn't include the potential impact the weight-loss drugs will have on its future earnings, and it isn't updating its <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/guidance.asp">guidance</a> at this time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Hims &amp; Hers shares finished 27.7% higher Monday at $18.60. With Monday's gains, they've more than doubled in value since the start of the year. </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * Shares of telehealth company Hims & Hers skyrocketed Monday after the company announced plans to offer GLP-1 injections of a weight-loss drug using the same active ingredient as popular weight-loss drugs Ozempic and Mounjaro. * Demand for popular weight-loss drugs has boosted the earnings and stock prices of their makers, such as Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, in recent quarters. * However, the market for weight-loss and diabetes treatments has been limited by supply as companies have rushed to increase production over the last year. Shares of Hims & Hers Health ([HIMS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=HIMS)) surged close to 28% Monday after the telehealth company said it would begin offering GLP-1 injections as part of its weight-loss package of drugs. The market for weight-loss treatments has [exploded in recent years](https://www.investopedia.com/booming-demand-boosts-forecasts-for-weight-loss-drugs-7564897), led by drugs containing the same active ingredient, such as Mounjaro and Zepbound from Eli Lilly ([LLY](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=LLY)) and Ozempic and Wegovy from Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk ([NVO](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVO)). ## Popular Weight-Loss Drugmakers' Stock Prices Boosted by Surging Demand The rising popularity of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs has helped [drive Eli Lilly](https://www.investopedia.com/eli-lilly-q1-2024-earnings-stock-jumps-8640894) and [Novo Nordisk's earnings](https://www.investopedia.com/novo-nordisk-earnings-beat-estimates-on-surging-demand-for-its-weight-loss-drugs-8642271) and stock prices significantly higher in the last year as both companies have worked to raise production capacity to meet demand. The move by Hims & Hers Health to offer GLP-1 injections could help the telehealth company capitalize on the trend. “We’ve leveraged our size and scale to secure access to one of the highest-quality supplies of compounded GLP-1 injections available today," Hims & Hers co-founder and CEO Andrew Dudum said in a Monday statement. The [cost](https://www.investopedia.com/employer-provided-health-care-costs-spike-on-weight-loss-drugs-inflation-8404180) for Hims & Hers weight-loss treatment plans including oral prescriptions start at $79 per month, while the compounded GLP-1 injections will start at $199 per month. That pricing could make Hims & Hers treatments more affordable for some users than Ozempic and Mounjaro, which can range from as low as $25 for someone [with insurance that covers](https://www.investopedia.com/cigna-strikes-deals-to-limit-cost-of-weight-loss-drugs-8605756) the treatments to over $1,000 for a monthly supply, depending on eligibility for certain savings programs. The company said the shots will be distributed through its pharmacy partners, with plans to expand the program's offerings once "consistent supply" is available. ## Guidance Doesn't Include Weight-Loss Drug's Impact The company said its current earnings guidance doesn't include the potential impact the weight-loss drugs will have on its future earnings, and it isn't updating its [guidance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/guidance.asp) at this time. Hims & Hers shares finished 27.7% higher Monday at $18.60. With Monday's gains, they've more than doubled in value since the start of the year. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways Shares of telehealth company Hims & Hers skyrocketed Monday after the company announced plans to offer GLP-1 injections of a weight-loss drug using the same active ingredient as popular weight-loss drugs Ozempic and Mounjaro.Demand for popular weight-loss drugs has boosted the earnings and stock prices of their makers, such as Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, in recent quarters.However, the market for weight-loss and diabetes treatments has been limited by supply as companies have rushed to increase production over the last year. Shares of Hims & Hers Health (HIMS) surged close to 28% Monday after the telehealth company said it would begin offering GLP-1 injections as part of its weight-loss package of drugs. The market for weight-loss treatments has exploded in recent years, led by drugs containing the same active ingredient, such as Mounjaro and Zepbound from Eli Lilly (LLY) and Ozempic and Wegovy from Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk (NVO). Popular Weight-Loss Drugmakers' Stock Prices Boosted by Surging Demand The rising popularity of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs has helped drive Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk's earnings and stock prices significantly higher in the last year as both companies have worked to raise production capacity to meet demand. The move by Hims & Hers Health to offer GLP-1 injections could help the telehealth company capitalize on the trend. “We’ve leveraged our size and scale to secure access to one of the highest-quality supplies of compounded GLP-1 injections available today," Hims & Hers co-founder and CEO Andrew Dudum said in a Monday statement. The cost for Hims & Hers weight-loss treatment plans including oral prescriptions start at $79 per month, while the compounded GLP-1 injections will start at $199 per month. That pricing could make Hims & Hers treatments more affordable for some users than Ozempic and Mounjaro, which can range from as low as $25 for someone with insurance that covers the treatments to over $1,000 for a monthly supply, depending on eligibility for certain savings programs. The company said the shots will be distributed through its pharmacy partners, with plans to expand the program's offerings once "consistent supply" is available. Guidance Doesn't Include Weight-Loss Drug's Impact The company said its current earnings guidance doesn't include the potential impact the weight-loss drugs will have on its future earnings, and it isn't updating its guidance at this time. Hims & Hers shares finished 27.7% higher Monday at $18.60. With Monday's gains, they've more than doubled in value since the start of the year. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/change-is-on-the-way-for-pet-insurance-regulation-5121111
New Model Law Could Put More Bite in Pet Insurance Regulation
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> In what's widely considered the most significant regulatory action to date on pet insurance, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nainsurancec.asp">National Association of Insurance Commissioners</a> (NAIC) may soon release a new model law governing the policies. Here is what it could mean for consumers. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) working group is crafting a new model law for pet insurance, expected later this year.</li><li>The effort intends to bring greater consistency to pet insurance rules, more protections for consumers, and clarification for insurers.</li><li>The proposed standards arrive as the pet market experiences rapid growth.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-behind-the-naics-pet-project"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Behind the NAIC's Pet Project </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The NAIC’s Property and Casualty Insurance Committee launched the Pet Insurance Working Group in 2019,<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> spurred by brisk growth in the pet insurance market as well as regulatory probes and disciplinary actions in a few states. Its springboard was the NAIC publication<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://naic.org/prod_serv/PIN-OP-19.pdf"> A Regulator's Guide to Pet Insurance</a>, which informs the model law draft. Pending further discussions and reviews, a final version of the model law could be released later this year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> The Pet Insurance Working Group will give a status report to the Property and Casualty Insurance Committee on April 13, during its spring national meeting, according to an NAIC spokesperson.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> The group is "still working through the model and taking comments as it looks to come to consensus on all sections," the spokesperson says. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> So far, for example, preliminary discussions over the last month have led to:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <li>A tightened definition of pre-existing conditions.</li><li>A clause allowing the use of sources beyond a pet’s medical record to verify a pre-existing condition.</li><li>Language stating the burden lies with the insurer to prove that a pre-existing condition exclusion would apply.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-confused-consumers-inconsistent-regulation"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Confused Consumers, Inconsistent Regulation </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Consumers have often struggled to navigate what’s been a state-by-state patchwork of pet insurance rules and protections. Common concerns include rising rates, claim denials, how pre-existing conditions are defined, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-not-covered-by-pet-insurance-5077294">coverage exclusions</a>. The NAIC model law aims to bring more uniformity, although it’s up to the individual states to consider, adopt, or adapt the framework. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> "Pet insurance surely needs reform, and the current changes seem to be a step in that direction," Robert Hunter, director of insurance at the Consumer Federation of America, told Investopedia. He points out that the NAIC working draft may not be indicative of a final direction and that it’s important for consumers to continue to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/is-it-worth-it-to-have-pet-insurance-5075941">evaluate pet insurance</a> "with great care." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Regulation varies widely, and California is currently the only state with a law specifically governing pet insurance, the NAIC says. Its law requires policies to have clear language on coverage limits, lifetime limits, waiting periods, and deductibles. On top of that, a bill introduced earlier this year seeks to expand the state’s protections, requiring pet insurance to fully cover the cost of spaying and neutering cats and dogs and adding insurance cancellation protections for policyholders.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-a-billion-dollar-marketand-growing"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> A Billion-Dollar Market...and Growing </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> The increased regulatory attention follows a rise in pet insurance sales—and pet spending in general—nationwide. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> The pet insurance sector (made up of about 20 companies) posted gross written premiums of $1.56 billion at year-end 2019, up 24% from the prior year, according to the latest data from the North American Pet Health Insurance Association (NAPHIA),<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> whose members represent 97% of pet policies in the U.S. and Canada. Nearly 2.8 million pets were insured at the end of 2019. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Overall in 2020, U.S. consumers spent $103.6 billion on pets—the highest level in industry history, says Steve King, president and CEO of the American Pet Products Association (APPA).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> "We are bullish for the coming year,” he notes, “projecting growth of 5.8%—well above the historical average of 3% to 4%." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Some evidence suggests that the pandemic sparked a pet ownership boomlet, with more families adopting or buying pets as they embraced remote work and sought extra companionship. One in 10 adults ages 50 to 80 got a new "pandemic pet" between March 2020 and January 2021, according to a poll from the University of Michigan’s Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> And a biennial survey by the APPA finds that 84.9 million U.S. households now own a pet, up from up from 79.7 million in 2015.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-consumers-can-do-now"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Consumers Can Do Now </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> States aren’t obligated to adopt or adapt its model laws, but the NAIC says most that do typically do so within three years.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> In the meantime, the California Department of Insurance has a<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/105-type/8-pet/pet-qa.cfm"> checklist</a> of questions for consumers to consider in evaluating pet insurance. And the NAIC posted<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://content.naic.org/article/consumer_insight_does_coronavirus_have_you_worried_about_pet_insurance_learn_most_current_facts_and_find_coverage.htm"> advice</a> on assessing the need for pet insurance, comparing policies, as well as considering <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/pet-insurance-an-experienced-veterinarian-s-perspective-5091936">alternatives to pet insurance</a>. </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
In what's widely considered the most significant regulatory action to date on pet insurance, the [National Association of Insurance Commissioners](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nainsurancec.asp) (NAIC) may soon release a new model law governing the policies. Here is what it could mean for consumers. ### Key Takeaways * A National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) working group is crafting a new model law for pet insurance, expected later this year. * The effort intends to bring greater consistency to pet insurance rules, more protections for consumers, and clarification for insurers. * The proposed standards arrive as the pet market experiences rapid growth. ## Behind the NAIC's Pet Project The NAIC’s Property and Casualty Insurance Committee launched the Pet Insurance Working Group in 2019, spurred by brisk growth in the pet insurance market as well as regulatory probes and disciplinary actions in a few states. Its springboard was the NAIC publication [A Regulator's Guide to Pet Insurance](https://naic.org/prod_serv/PIN-OP-19.pdf), which informs the model law draft. Pending further discussions and reviews, a final version of the model law could be released later this year. The Pet Insurance Working Group will give a status report to the Property and Casualty Insurance Committee on April 13, during its spring national meeting, according to an NAIC spokesperson.  The group is "still working through the model and taking comments as it looks to come to consensus on all sections," the spokesperson says. So far, for example, preliminary discussions over the last month have led to: * A tightened definition of pre-existing conditions. * A clause allowing the use of sources beyond a pet’s medical record to verify a pre-existing condition. * Language stating the burden lies with the insurer to prove that a pre-existing condition exclusion would apply. ## Confused Consumers, Inconsistent Regulation Consumers have often struggled to navigate what’s been a state-by-state patchwork of pet insurance rules and protections. Common concerns include rising rates, claim denials, how pre-existing conditions are defined, and [coverage exclusions](https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-not-covered-by-pet-insurance-5077294). The NAIC model law aims to bring more uniformity, although it’s up to the individual states to consider, adopt, or adapt the framework. "Pet insurance surely needs reform, and the current changes seem to be a step in that direction," Robert Hunter, director of insurance at the Consumer Federation of America, told Investopedia. He points out that the NAIC working draft may not be indicative of a final direction and that it’s important for consumers to continue to [evaluate pet insurance](https://www.investopedia.com/is-it-worth-it-to-have-pet-insurance-5075941) "with great care." Regulation varies widely, and California is currently the only state with a law specifically governing pet insurance, the NAIC says. Its law requires policies to have clear language on coverage limits, lifetime limits, waiting periods, and deductibles. On top of that, a bill introduced earlier this year seeks to expand the state’s protections, requiring pet insurance to fully cover the cost of spaying and neutering cats and dogs and adding insurance cancellation protections for policyholders. ## A Billion-Dollar Market...and Growing The increased regulatory attention follows a rise in pet insurance sales—and pet spending in general—nationwide. The pet insurance sector (made up of about 20 companies) posted gross written premiums of $1.56 billion at year-end 2019, up 24% from the prior year, according to the latest data from the North American Pet Health Insurance Association (NAPHIA), whose members represent 97% of pet policies in the U.S. and Canada. Nearly 2.8 million pets were insured at the end of 2019. Overall in 2020, U.S. consumers spent $103.6 billion on pets—the highest level in industry history, says Steve King, president and CEO of the American Pet Products Association (APPA). "We are bullish for the coming year,” he notes, “projecting growth of 5.8%—well above the historical average of 3% to 4%." Some evidence suggests that the pandemic sparked a pet ownership boomlet, with more families adopting or buying pets as they embraced remote work and sought extra companionship. One in 10 adults ages 50 to 80 got a new "pandemic pet" between March 2020 and January 2021, according to a poll from the University of Michigan’s Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation. And a biennial survey by the APPA finds that 84.9 million U.S. households now own a pet, up from up from 79.7 million in 2015. ## What Consumers Can Do Now States aren’t obligated to adopt or adapt its model laws, but the NAIC says most that do typically do so within three years.  In the meantime, the California Department of Insurance has a [checklist](https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/105-type/8-pet/pet-qa.cfm) of questions for consumers to consider in evaluating pet insurance. And the NAIC posted [advice](https://content.naic.org/article/consumer_insight_does_coronavirus_have_you_worried_about_pet_insurance_learn_most_current_facts_and_find_coverage.htm) on assessing the need for pet insurance, comparing policies, as well as considering [alternatives to pet insurance](https://www.investopedia.com/pet-insurance-an-experienced-veterinarian-s-perspective-5091936). Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
In what's widely considered the most significant regulatory action to date on pet insurance, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) may soon release a new model law governing the policies. Here is what it could mean for consumers. Key Takeaways A National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) working group is crafting a new model law for pet insurance, expected later this year.The effort intends to bring greater consistency to pet insurance rules, more protections for consumers, and clarification for insurers.The proposed standards arrive as the pet market experiences rapid growth. Behind the NAIC's Pet Project The NAIC’s Property and Casualty Insurance Committee launched the Pet Insurance Working Group in 2019, spurred by brisk growth in the pet insurance market as well as regulatory probes and disciplinary actions in a few states. Its springboard was the NAIC publication A Regulator's Guide to Pet Insurance, which informs the model law draft. Pending further discussions and reviews, a final version of the model law could be released later this year. The Pet Insurance Working Group will give a status report to the Property and Casualty Insurance Committee on April 13, during its spring national meeting, according to an NAIC spokesperson.  The group is "still working through the model and taking comments as it looks to come to consensus on all sections," the spokesperson says. So far, for example, preliminary discussions over the last month have led to: A tightened definition of pre-existing conditions.A clause allowing the use of sources beyond a pet’s medical record to verify a pre-existing condition.Language stating the burden lies with the insurer to prove that a pre-existing condition exclusion would apply. Confused Consumers, Inconsistent Regulation Consumers have often struggled to navigate what’s been a state-by-state patchwork of pet insurance rules and protections. Common concerns include rising rates, claim denials, how pre-existing conditions are defined, and coverage exclusions. The NAIC model law aims to bring more uniformity, although it’s up to the individual states to consider, adopt, or adapt the framework. "Pet insurance surely needs reform, and the current changes seem to be a step in that direction," Robert Hunter, director of insurance at the Consumer Federation of America, told Investopedia. He points out that the NAIC working draft may not be indicative of a final direction and that it’s important for consumers to continue to evaluate pet insurance "with great care." Regulation varies widely, and California is currently the only state with a law specifically governing pet insurance, the NAIC says. Its law requires policies to have clear language on coverage limits, lifetime limits, waiting periods, and deductibles. On top of that, a bill introduced earlier this year seeks to expand the state’s protections, requiring pet insurance to fully cover the cost of spaying and neutering cats and dogs and adding insurance cancellation protections for policyholders. A Billion-Dollar Market...and Growing The increased regulatory attention follows a rise in pet insurance sales—and pet spending in general—nationwide. The pet insurance sector (made up of about 20 companies) posted gross written premiums of $1.56 billion at year-end 2019, up 24% from the prior year, according to the latest data from the North American Pet Health Insurance Association (NAPHIA), whose members represent 97% of pet policies in the U.S. and Canada. Nearly 2.8 million pets were insured at the end of 2019. Overall in 2020, U.S. consumers spent $103.6 billion on pets—the highest level in industry history, says Steve King, president and CEO of the American Pet Products Association (APPA). "We are bullish for the coming year,” he notes, “projecting growth of 5.8%—well above the historical average of 3% to 4%." Some evidence suggests that the pandemic sparked a pet ownership boomlet, with more families adopting or buying pets as they embraced remote work and sought extra companionship. One in 10 adults ages 50 to 80 got a new "pandemic pet" between March 2020 and January 2021, according to a poll from the University of Michigan’s Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation. And a biennial survey by the APPA finds that 84.9 million U.S. households now own a pet, up from up from 79.7 million in 2015. What Consumers Can Do Now States aren’t obligated to adopt or adapt its model laws, but the NAIC says most that do typically do so within three years.  In the meantime, the California Department of Insurance has a checklist of questions for consumers to consider in evaluating pet insurance. And the NAIC posted advice on assessing the need for pet insurance, comparing policies, as well as considering alternatives to pet insurance. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "National Association of Insurance Commissioners", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nainsurancec.asp" ], [ "A Regulator's Guide to Pet Insurance", "https://naic.org/prod_serv/PIN-OP-19.pdf" ], [ "coverage exclusions", "https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-not-covered-by-pet-insurance-5077294" ], [ "evaluate pet insurance", "https://www.investopedia.com/is-it-worth-it-to-have-pet-insurance-5075941" ], [ "checklist", "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/105-type/8-pet/pet-qa.cfm" ], [ "advice", "https://content.naic.org/article/consumer_insight_does_coronavirus_have_you_worried_about_pet_insurance_learn_most_current_facts_and_find_coverage.htm" ], [ "alternatives to pet insurance", "https://www.investopedia.com/pet-insurance-an-experienced-veterinarian-s-perspective-5091936" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/best-event-insurance-5077590
Best Event Insurance Companies
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content list-sc" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="featured-partners__info-svg"><svg fill="none" height="13" width="12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5.5 9h1V6h-1v3zM6 1.5c-2.76 0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zm0 9c-2.205 0-4-1.795-4-4s1.795-4 4-4 4 1.795 4 4-1.795 4-4 4zM5.5 5h1V4h-1v1z" fill="#000" fill-opacity=".95" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="light-box-arrow"><svg viewbox="2575 18840 48 48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(1355 18464)"><circle cx="24" cy="24" fill="#fff" r="24" transform="translate(1220 376)"></circle><path d="M1248.675 390l9.38 9.38M1258.055 399.38l-9.38 9.553M1232 399.38h25.186" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"></path></g></svg></symbol> </defs> </svg> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="u-font-carbon--dd112"> <div class="comp product-roundup-content--finance product-roundup--base product-roundup--base" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | PRM Template" id="product-roundup-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="article-intro article-content__description article-container expert-content structured-content text-passage"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce intro-content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="intro-content_1-0"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Some of the most memorable moments in our lifetimes are of special events like weddings, family reunions, and holiday parties. But while it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of planning an event, every host should be aware of the risks that can make your special day memorable in all the wrong ways. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-1"> Not everyone realizes the amount of liability they carry if someone is hurt or property is damaged at an event they host. In fact, 43 states have enacted social host liability laws that allow party hosts to be sued if a guest drives under the influence and causes an accident.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> To mitigate this risk, most venues require you to purchase event insurance that covers a minimum amount of liability. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-2"> Even if event insurance isn’t required for your upcoming gathering, an insurance policy may be worth its low cost to protect your assets from potential lawsuits. Thankfully, there are many great event insurers to choose from with affordable coverage to fit the size and scope of any gathering. We reviewed more than 15 of the most widely recognized event insurance companies and chose the top seven based on price, coverage, and service. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce intro-content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-toc-appear product-roundup-content__summary-list summary-list--finance summary-list--roundup summary-list" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" id="product-roundup-content__summary-list_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="summary-list"></span> <h2 class="summary-list__title"> The 7 Best Event Insurance Companies of 2024 </h2> <ul class="summary-list__content"> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best Overall:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.rvnuccio.com/" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> RVNA</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best Online Underwriting:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.eventsured.com/" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> Eventsured</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best for High Limits:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.phly.com/Home/Index.aspx" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> Philadelphia Insurance Companies</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best Value:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sid=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.jdoqocy.com/click-100125493-15504888" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> Markel</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best Customer Service:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.travelers.com/" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> Travelers</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best for Weddings:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.wedsafe.com/Pages/home.aspx" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> WedSafe</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> <li class="summary-list__item"> <span class="summary-list__item-top-pick-container"> <strong class="summary-list__item-category">Best for Corporate Events:</strong> <a class="summary-list__item-top-pick" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Summary List" href="https://www.usli.com/" rel="nofollow noskim noopener sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"> USLI</a><!-- end: summary-list__item-top-pick --> </span> </li> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-appear product-roundup-content__summary-list summary-list--finance summary-list--roundup summary-list --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce post-intro prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="post-intro_1-0"></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce post-intro prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div> <div class="article-body"> <div class="loc article-left-nav article-body__left-nav product-roundup__left-nav js-sticky-container"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc--finance product-roundup__toc sticky-toc--finance-roundup sticky-toc--roundup sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-roundup__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_1-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_1-0"> Best Event Insurance Companies</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_1-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="Expand" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_1-0"> Expand</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Best Event Insurance Companies" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_1-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_2-0"> Best Event Insurance Companies</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_1-0"> <li class="comp toc__listsc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" id="toc__listsc-item_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" href="#summary-list" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Our Top Picks</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp toc__listsc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-RVNA" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-RVNA" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-overall-rvna" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">RVNA</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Eventsured" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Eventsured" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-online-underwriting-eventsured" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Eventsured</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Philadelphia Insurance Companies" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Philadelphia Insurance Companies" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-for-high-limits-philadelphia-insurance-companies" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Philadelphia Insurance Companies</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Markel" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Markel" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-value-markel" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Markel</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Travelers" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Travelers" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-customer-service-travelers" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Travelers</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-WedSafe" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-WedSafe" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-for-weddings-wedsafe" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">WedSafe</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-USLI" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-USLI" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-best-for-corporate-events-usli" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">USLI</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp toc-items__chop mntl-text-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-See More" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="toc-items__chop_1-0"> See More (4)</li><!-- end: comp toc-items__chop mntl-text-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-What Is Event Insurance?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-what-is-event-insurance" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">What Is Event Insurance?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Why Should I Get Event Insurance?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-why-should-i-get-event-insurance" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Why Should I Get Event Insurance?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-What Is a Certificate of Insurance?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-do-i-get-a-certificate-of-insurance-for-an-event" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">What Is a Certificate of Insurance?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-What Does Event Insurance Cost?" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-what-does-event-insurance-cost" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">What Does Event Insurance Cost?</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-we-chose-the-best-event-insurance-companies" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc--finance product-roundup__toc sticky-toc--finance-roundup sticky-toc--roundup sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div> <div class="loc article-body__inner article-body__inner"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-overall-rvna"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Overall</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> RVNA</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" style="--imgWidth: 860px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="RVNA" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/13SyhKwnLB8TftC6n5aEdmNmKe0=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/RVNA-23ef9178ba5f45f9a6bafe8e992f2bf3.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="RVNA" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/13SyhKwnLB8TftC6n5aEdmNmKe0=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/RVNA-23ef9178ba5f45f9a6bafe8e992f2bf3.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>RVNA</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-low-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from RVNA" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.rvnuccio.com/" id="button_1-0" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-2"> Whether you’re planning a small private gathering or a major public event, RVNA covers it all with the best price and flexible terms getting our nod for the overall best. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-3"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Affordable policies start at $50 for liability</p></li> <li><p>Coverage available for small and large events</p></li> <li><p>Instant online quotes</p></li> <li><p>Customize production policies with more than a dozen types of coverage</p></li> <li><p>Policy cancellation allowed up to 48 hours before the event</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Phone claims only</p></li> <li><p>$2,500 deductible for property damage claims</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-4"> It’s rare to find an insurer that offers equally great coverage for events of all sizes, but RVNA manages just that. These flexible policies start at just $50 and host <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-liquor-liability-insurance-5071414">liquor liability</a>. Additional production coverage is available through over a dozen different riders. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-5"> RVNA sets itself apart from the competition in several ways. The company’s standard policy includes coverage for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/war-exclusion-clause.asp">terrorism</a>, which isn’t normally covered by event insurers. RVNA is also the only event insurance company we came across that allows hosts to cancel their liability policy. Full refunds are issued as long as cancellation is requested in writing at least 48 hours before the start of the event. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-6"> There are very few downsides to RVNA. Policy changes can be made through the online policy management system. Property damage claims require the host to pay a $2,500 deductible, which is fairly high for the industry.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-1"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-online-underwriting-eventsured"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-1"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Online Underwriting</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> Eventsured</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-1"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-1"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-1"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-7" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Eventsured" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hDVMt_gnwOgO5hkS1TMCdUf4zTY=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Eventsured-86a82b58122d4868b4bd9c7a819d09cc.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="750" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-1" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Eventsured" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hDVMt_gnwOgO5hkS1TMCdUf4zTY=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Eventsured-86a82b58122d4868b4bd9c7a819d09cc.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-1"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> Eventsured</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-8"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-1"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from Eventsured" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.eventsured.com/" id="button_1-0-1" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-9"> With Eventsured’s straightforward online quote tool, you can purchase liability coverage for more than 500 types of events in minutes. It’s the fastest way to get event insurance. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-10"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>More than 500 event types covered</p></li> <li><p>Policy documents issued in minutes</p></li> <li><p>Available in all 50 states</p></li> <li><p>Zero deductible for all claims</p></li> <li><p>Paperless claim filing</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Host liquor liability required regardless of alcohol consumption</p></li> <li><p>Policies not underwritten by Eventsured</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-11"> Why spend days waiting for policy documents when you can get them from Eventsured in minutes? Both private and corporate hosts can use Eventsured to purchase coverage for a wide range of events without going through a lengthy underwriting process. Simply fill out the online application and you’ll have your policy document sitting in your email inbox within minutes. The company will even issue you a general liability policy up to the day before your event. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-12"> Of course, there are some caveats. Eventsured requires you to purchase host liquor liability coverage by including it in every policy premium, regardless of whether you intend to serve alcohol at your event. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-2"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-for-high-limits-philadelphia-insurance-companies"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-2"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for High Limits</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> Philadelphia Insurance Companies</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-2"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-2"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-2"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-13" style="--imgWidth: 400px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Philadelphia Insurance Companies" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/dzOUCT2zWw-9dDXthBNIscx4s2w=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PhiladelphiaInsuranceCompanies-00adfbe26e004271b568a5fe0cef1413.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-2" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Philadelphia Insurance Companies" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/dzOUCT2zWw-9dDXthBNIscx4s2w=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PhiladelphiaInsuranceCompanies-00adfbe26e004271b568a5fe0cef1413.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-2"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> Philadelphia Insurance Companies</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-14"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-2"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from Philadelphia Insurance Companies" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.phly.com/Home/Index.aspx" id="button_1-0-2" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-15"> Special event liability insurance up to $3 million with all Philadelphia Insurance Companies policies, offering the best solution for hosts with high coverage needs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-16"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Standard policy starts at $3 million in aggregate liability insurance with excess coverage available</p></li> <li><p>No deductible for liability claims</p></li> <li><p>Can be combined with umbrella, abuse and molestation, inland marine, and hired and non-owned vehicle insurance</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No low-premium options</p></li> <li><p>Military deployment not covered</p></li> <li><p>Events that go past midnight require two-day coverage</p></li> <li><p>Long list of excluded events</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-17"> Standard event insurance from Philadelphia Insurance Companies includes <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aggregate-limit-liability.asp">aggregate liability limits</a> of $3 million, multiple times what competitors offer, making it best for high limits in our review.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> If that’s not sufficient, hosts with high-value assets can secure additional protection by extending event policies with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/umbrella-insurance-policy.asp">umbrella coverage</a>. While it may require a lengthier underwriting process, there doesn’t appear to be any limit to the number of attendees; we were able to secure online quotes for a million or more event goers. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-18"> Although Philadelphia Insurance Companies is a great option for large events, the minimum $3 million liability limit may be overkill for private gatherings. The cheapest policies available start at $175 for liability coverage, around twice what you might pay for a more appropriate limit for smaller events.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-19"> While Philadelphia Insurance Companies insures hundreds of different events, the company does list several that are ineligible for coverage. These include high-risk sports events, live animal attractions, specific concert genres, and amusement-style rides. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-3"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-value-markel"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-3"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Value</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> Markel</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-3"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-3"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-3"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-portrait figure-low-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-20" style="--imgWidth: 860px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Markel" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5yJ74lMa0I3lRwDzXLbTLX7ekgo=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MKS_19mm_4_GGz_edit-c0328ac669f84701aacab8ad6f0e7d2c.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-3" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Markel" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5yJ74lMa0I3lRwDzXLbTLX7ekgo=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MKS_19mm_4_GGz_edit-c0328ac669f84701aacab8ad6f0e7d2c.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-3"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Markel</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-portrait figure-low-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-21"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-3"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="sid=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from Markel" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.jdoqocy.com/click-100125493-15504888" id="button_1-0-3" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-22"> Markel’s low-cost event policies include discounts for bundling coverage and free information resources, a better value than any other carrier. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-23"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Event liability insurance starts as low as $75 for $500,000 in coverage</p></li> <li><p>Fifteen percent discount offered when purchasing liability and cancellation policies together</p></li> <li><p>Low $25 deductible for cancellation policy claims</p></li> <li><p>Offers free wedding planning resources</p></li> <li><p>Cancellation coverage available in the United States and several international destinations, including cruises</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Liability coverage not available for international destinations</p></li> <li><p>$300 limit on loss of cash gifts</p></li> <li><p>Property damage claims incur a $1,000 deductible</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-24"> Many event insurance companies require hosts to pay for a minimum of $1 million in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability_insurance.asp">liability coverage</a>, but for smaller gatherings, this amount may be more than you need. Selected as the best value in our review, Markel sells event insurance with liability limits starting at $500,000 for a price of just $75, helping you save by not overpaying for coverage. You’ll even save an additional 15% by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bundling.asp">bundling</a> an event liability policy with an event cancellation policy.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-25"> Cancellation policies are available in all 50 states and can be purchased by U.S. residents for destination events in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and several Caribbean islands. Liability coverage is also offered for events taking place on cruise ships departing U.S. ports. One downside is that event hosts must pay a $1,000 deductible for property damage claims, although the deductible on cancellation policies is much more affordable at just $25.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-26"> Hosts will find pages of free resources that will help walk you through the party planning process, from creating a budget to making your event eco-friendly. You’ll even find lists of questions to ask vendors like caterers and florists to make sure you’re getting the most out of their services. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-4"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-customer-service-travelers"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-4"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best Customer Service</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> Travelers</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-4"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-4"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-4"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-27" style="--imgWidth: 600px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Travelers" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/r8WrtjAYEtUfjyFdBRc7ME725pE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Travelers-e19361310adf40d098721fa9cb353b3b.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-4" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Travelers" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/r8WrtjAYEtUfjyFdBRc7ME725pE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Travelers-e19361310adf40d098721fa9cb353b3b.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-4"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> Travelers</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-28"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-4"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from Travelers" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.travelers.com/" id="button_1-0-4" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-29"> Not only will Travelers representatives take your call 24 hours a day, but this event insurer also offers the best customer service of all the providers we reviewed. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-30"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Support available by phone, email, and web chat</p></li> <li><p>Main phone line staffed 24 hours per day</p></li> <li><p>Online quotes and policy management</p></li> <li><p>Option to buy online or work with an agent</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Limited types of events covered</p></li> <li><p>Doesn’t offer standalone liability policies</p></li> <li><p>Not available in Alaska, Hawaii, or Louisiana</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-31"> Everyone values different types of customer service; some prefer digital convenience while others want the personalized attention of an agent. Travelers offers the best of both worlds with event insurance that you can purchase online in minutes or through an insurance expert in your area. Representatives are available by web chat during business hours and the Travelers customer advocacy line is open 24/7. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-32"> Travelers policies are based around a core coverage plan that starts at $160 for up to $250,000 in coverage. The plan bundles coverage for cancellation, photography, lost deposits, and theft or damage of items like gifts, attire, and jewelry. Optional event liability insurance is available at a minimum of $165 for $1 million in coverage, although this policy can’t be purchased on its own.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-33"> You should also keep in mind that Travelers event insurance is designed for private invitation-only events like weddings, family reunions, and holiday parties. The company won’t cover events like corporate parties or ticketed fundraisers. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-5"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-for-weddings-wedsafe"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-5"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Weddings</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> WedSafe</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-5"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-5"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-5"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-34" style="--imgWidth: 384px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="WedSafe" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t5yM3gdzsrF5AtuhOnQVO1YHYbA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WedSafe-0317192a61a04259b7ce9fc7024acb93.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="750" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-5" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="WedSafe" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t5yM3gdzsrF5AtuhOnQVO1YHYbA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WedSafe-0317192a61a04259b7ce9fc7024acb93.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-5"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> WedSafe</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-35"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-5"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from WedSafe" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.wedsafe.com/Pages/home.aspx" id="button_1-0-5" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-36"> Most event insurers provide wedding insurance, but WedSafe offers the best tailored coverage expressly for those planning their nuptials. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-37"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Covers weddings in the United States and over a dozen international locations</p></li> <li><p>Existing relationship with thousands of venues</p></li> <li><p>Cancellation coverage can be purchased up to 15 days before the event</p></li> <li><p>No deductible for bodily injury claims</p></li> <li><p>Covers rehearsal and rehearsal dinner up to 48 hours prior to the wedding</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>$1,000 deductible for property damage claims</p></li> <li><p>Doesn’t cover cancellation due to change of heart</p></li> <li><p>Prohibits some specific activities including live animals and fireworks</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-38"> With liability and cancellation coverage for backyard ceremonies and tropical destination weddings alike, it’s easy to see why WedSafe is a highly recommended option by wedding sites like The Knot and WeddingWire. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-39"> Policies are underwritten by Nationwide, with coverage starting at $500,000 in general liability insurance.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Coverage is available in all 50 states as well as the United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, and many Caribbean destinations, although you’ll need to be a U.S. resident no matter where your wedding is held. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-40"> As wedding plans can change quickly, WedSafe’s policies are flexible enough to accommodate last-minute alterations. Cancellation coverage can be purchased as soon as 15 days before the date, although if you do need to call things off, you’ll have to supply a valid reason (such as severe weather or illness). The policy won’t reimburse lost deposits just because someone gets cold feet. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-6"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-for-corporate-events-usli"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-6"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Best for Corporate Events</span> </span> </span>: <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary"> USLI</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-6"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-6"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-6"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-41" style="--imgWidth: 738px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="USLI" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/tRLowqVJe7Lrn3yp1pzdXvtg8vs=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/USLI1-201ba6a7f64b427eaf0754994c9bd7bb.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-6" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="USLI" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/tRLowqVJe7Lrn3yp1pzdXvtg8vs=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/USLI1-201ba6a7f64b427eaf0754994c9bd7bb.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-6"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> USLI</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-low-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-42"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-6"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-caption="from USLI" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.usli.com/" id="button_1-0-6" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Get a Quote</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-43"> From conventions to company retreats, USLI covers corporate events that other insurers won’t touch and is our top choice for policies for corporate events. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-44"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Policies include general liability, liquor liability, and medical payments</p></li> <li><p>Flexible terms for single- or multi-day events</p></li> <li><p>Covers up to 20,000 guests</p></li> <li><p>Hole-in-one insurance available up to $50,000 per hole</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Policies must be purchased through an agent</p></li> <li><p>Not ideal for smaller events</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-45"> Getting insurance for a wedding or private party is a breeze, but corporate hosts often need specialized policies from insurers like USLI for sufficient event coverage. Whether your company is planning a large trade show, a charity fundraiser, or an employee gathering, USLI’s event insurance plans can be tailored to fit your needs. Coverage is available for up to 20,000 attendees. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-46"> USLI also offers several unique types of additional coverage that might be particularly interesting to corporate hosts. For example, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prize-indemnity-insurance.asp">prize indemnity insurance</a> can be purchased for charity golf contests up to a $50,000 limit per hole; the insurer will even donate an additional 20% of the prize amount to the charity recipient.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> </div> <div class="article-outro article-container"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce structured-content article-outro__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="article-outro__content_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-event-insurance"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is Event Insurance?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Event insurance is a broad type of insurance that can include several types of coverage designed to protect event hosts. The most common type of event insurance is general liability, which covers lawsuits related to bodily injury or property damage resulting from your event.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> Many policies also include host liquor liability coverage, which protects you if a guest is overserved and causes injury or damage.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Another popular form of event insurance is cancellation coverage, which helps recoup lost deposits and other costs if a major event such as a wedding needs to be cancelled due to circumstances out of your control.</p></div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer --> <div class="comp theme-note mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-1"> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0"> Note</h3><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"> <p>The median amount couples budget for their weddings is $20,000, according to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.brides.com/cost-of-weddings-today-5207415" rel="nofollow">Weddings &amp; Money 2021: A Brides and Investopedia study</a>. That includes $3,000 for the venue, $2,000 for catering, $1,500 for alcohol, and $800 for flowers.</p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-note mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-2"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-should-i-get-event-insurance"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Why Should I Get Event Insurance?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Event insurance is required by most venues, so you may not have a choice if you’ll be booking a space for the day. However, you should still consider event insurance if it’s not required or if you’re hosting the event at your private residence. While many homeowners insurance policies include a certain amount of liability coverage, limits aren’t usually sufficient for large gatherings. Talk to your home insurer before planning an event to see what is and isn’t covered and identify areas that might need supplemental insurance.</p></div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-3"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-i-get-a-certificate-of-insurance-for-an-event"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do I Get a Certificate of Insurance for an Event?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If your venue requires you to purchase event insurance, they’ll probably ask for a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificate_of_insurance.asp">certificate of insurance (COI)</a> as proof that you have enough coverage. These days, many insurers allow you to purchase event insurance online instantly and download your COI electronically within minutes. However, if you’re planning an event with a large number of guests or more unique coverage needs, it may take a few days to complete the underwriting process. If this is the case, the company should automatically send you a COI as soon as the policy has been issued.</p></div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-4"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-event-insurance-cost"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Does Event Insurance Cost?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>According to the companies we reviewed, event insurance usually starts around $50 but your premium will depend on the event location, number of guests, whether alcohol is being served, and which types of coverage are included. Make sure to get multiple quotes when shopping for event insurance and compare not just pricing but also the exclusions listed in each policy.</p></div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-questionandanswer--finance prm-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-chose-the-best-event-insurance-companies"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-5"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Chose the Best Event Insurance Companies </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-6"> Our evaluation of event insurers looked at more than 15 of the most popular companies for event hosts. We analyzed the types of coverage each insurer offers and asked for quotes to compare pricing. We also scrutinized customer service for each company, including the ease of getting a quote and purchasing coverage, which contact methods are available, and whether customers can retrieve their policy documents and certificate of insurance online. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce structured-content article-outro__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div> <figure class="comp figure-landscape primary-image--roundup primary-image mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="primary-image--roundup_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Best-event-insurance-5077590" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="1000" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TnfLeofXHMNCnZp7ZENOXbAPQMA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/EventInsurance_inkoly-5fd46ee24dd345618b4d1893d2154e50.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/rKYxEEZAqi18lBa_CH_9633a_Aw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/EventInsurance_inkoly-5fd46ee24dd345618b4d1893d2154e50.jpg 750w" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhCgAHAPUAAAAEDQEFDgEFEAAHEQEHEwIGEQAHFwAIEwAIFQAJGAEKGwEJHAALHQIKHQEMIAEOIQAPJgQLJQAPKQEPKQERKwIRLgAWLAESMAMUMgYTNgQUNQIROgIWOQQXOAAYOgIYPwIYQQIZQwMaRAIaRgMbRwIcTwAeVQkZZwZoaSZ8uQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDQAEDSwAAAAACgAHAEUIUQABCEBxwIMBEwQKACDQQIOGDyJIhKCAoICCBxZOpMhQwQGBAAQSLGjAoMECBAECIFjwYEQJCBESCCDAAAIGECNEdJiAYMACCRdGjOCwAcKBgAA7')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Best-event-insurance-5077590" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="1000" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TnfLeofXHMNCnZp7ZENOXbAPQMA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/EventInsurance_inkoly-5fd46ee24dd345618b4d1893d2154e50.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/rKYxEEZAqi18lBa_CH_9633a_Aw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/EventInsurance_inkoly-5fd46ee24dd345618b4d1893d2154e50.jpg 750w" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Getty Images / inkoly</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-landscape primary-image--roundup primary-image mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> </div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-roundup-content--finance product-roundup--base product-roundup--base --> </div> </span> </div><div class="loc content-bottom"><div class="comp prm-article-sources article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100" id="prm-article-sources_1-0"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading" id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0">Article Sources</div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper" id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0"></div> <div class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block" id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>Insurance Information Institute. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.iii.org/article/social-host-liability">Social Host Liability</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-5"><p>Event Insurance in Minutes by RVNA. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.specialeventinsurance.com/event-insurance-coverages-a-z/">Event Insurance Coverages A to Z</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-6"><p>Philadelphia Insurance Companies. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.phly.com/Files/SpecialEvents_Brochure_Web36-9761.pdf" rel="nofollow sponsored">Special Events</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-7"><p>Philadelphia Insurance Companies. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.phly.com/products/event-liability-insurance.aspx" rel="nofollow sponsored">Celebrate With PHLY's Special Event Insurance</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-8"><p>Markel. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.markelinsurance.com/event#31209332B92A4C84935CA6DBB3B76085-tab" rel="nofollow sponsored">Event Insurance</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-9"><p>Markel. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.markelinsurance.com/event/faq" rel="nofollow sponsored">Frequently Asked Questions</a>," Select "Is There a Deductible on Event Insurance?"</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-10"><p>Travelers. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://secure.protectmyevents.com/pls/wpp/APP_WPP.WPP.show">Get a Quote</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>WedSafe. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.wedsafe.com/Pages/wedding-liability-insurance.aspx" rel="nofollow sponsored">Wedding Event Liability Insurance—Liquor Liability Insurance</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-3"><p>USLI. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.usli.com/products/special-events/" rel="nofollow sponsored">Special Events</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-4"><p>Insurance Information Institute. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.iii.org/article/special-event-insurance">Special Event Insurance</a>."</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="4844202" data-ordinal="1" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-small-business-insurance-4844202" 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Some of the most memorable moments in our lifetimes are of special events like weddings, family reunions, and holiday parties. But while it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of planning an event, every host should be aware of the risks that can make your special day memorable in all the wrong ways. Not everyone realizes the amount of liability they carry if someone is hurt or property is damaged at an event they host. In fact, 43 states have enacted social host liability laws that allow party hosts to be sued if a guest drives under the influence and causes an accident. To mitigate this risk, most venues require you to purchase event insurance that covers a minimum amount of liability. Even if event insurance isn’t required for your upcoming gathering, an insurance policy may be worth its low cost to protect your assets from potential lawsuits. Thankfully, there are many great event insurers to choose from with affordable coverage to fit the size and scope of any gathering. We reviewed more than 15 of the most widely recognized event insurance companies and chose the top seven based on price, coverage, and service. ## The 7 Best Event Insurance Companies of 2024 * **Best Overall:** [RVNA](https://www.rvnuccio.com/) * **Best Online Underwriting:** [Eventsured](https://www.eventsured.com/) * **Best for High Limits:** [Philadelphia Insurance Companies](https://www.phly.com/Home/Index.aspx) * **Best Value:** [Markel](https://www.jdoqocy.com/click-100125493-15504888) * **Best Customer Service:** [Travelers](https://www.travelers.com/) * **Best for Weddings:** [WedSafe](https://www.wedsafe.com/Pages/home.aspx) * **Best for Corporate Events:** [USLI](https://www.usli.com/) Best Event Insurance Companies Expand Best Event Insurance Companies * [Our Top Picks](#summary-list) * [RVNA](#toc-best-overall-rvna) * [Eventsured](#toc-best-online-underwriting-eventsured) * [Philadelphia Insurance Companies](#toc-best-for-high-limits-philadelphia-insurance-companies) * [Markel](#toc-best-value-markel) * [Travelers](#toc-best-customer-service-travelers) * [WedSafe](#toc-best-for-weddings-wedsafe) * [USLI](#toc-best-for-corporate-events-usli) * See More (4) * [What Is Event Insurance?](#toc-what-is-event-insurance) * [Why Should I Get Event Insurance?](#toc-why-should-i-get-event-insurance) * [What Is a Certificate of Insurance?](#toc-how-do-i-get-a-certificate-of-insurance-for-an-event) * [What Does Event Insurance Cost?](#toc-what-does-event-insurance-cost) * [Methodology](#toc-how-we-chose-the-best-event-insurance-companies) ### Best Overall : RVNA --- ![RVNA]() ![RVNA](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/13SyhKwnLB8TftC6n5aEdmNmKe0=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/RVNA-23ef9178ba5f45f9a6bafe8e992f2bf3.jpg) RVNA [Get a Quote](https://www.rvnuccio.com/) Whether you’re planning a small private gathering or a major public event, RVNA covers it all with the best price and flexible terms getting our nod for the overall best. Pros * Affordable policies start at $50 for liability * Coverage available for small and large events * Instant online quotes * Customize production policies with more than a dozen types of coverage * Policy cancellation allowed up to 48 hours before the event Cons * Phone claims only * $2,500 deductible for property damage claims It’s rare to find an insurer that offers equally great coverage for events of all sizes, but RVNA manages just that. These flexible policies start at just $50 and host [liquor liability](https://www.investopedia.com/best-liquor-liability-insurance-5071414). Additional production coverage is available through over a dozen different riders. RVNA sets itself apart from the competition in several ways. The company’s standard policy includes coverage for [terrorism](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/war-exclusion-clause.asp), which isn’t normally covered by event insurers. RVNA is also the only event insurance company we came across that allows hosts to cancel their liability policy. Full refunds are issued as long as cancellation is requested in writing at least 48 hours before the start of the event. There are very few downsides to RVNA. Policy changes can be made through the online policy management system. Property damage claims require the host to pay a $2,500 deductible, which is fairly high for the industry. ### Best Online Underwriting : Eventsured --- ![Eventsured]() ![Eventsured](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hDVMt_gnwOgO5hkS1TMCdUf4zTY=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Eventsured-86a82b58122d4868b4bd9c7a819d09cc.jpg)  Eventsured [Get a Quote](https://www.eventsured.com/) With Eventsured’s straightforward online quote tool, you can purchase liability coverage for more than 500 types of events in minutes. It’s the fastest way to get event insurance. Pros * More than 500 event types covered * Policy documents issued in minutes * Available in all 50 states * Zero deductible for all claims * Paperless claim filing Cons * Host liquor liability required regardless of alcohol consumption * Policies not underwritten by Eventsured Why spend days waiting for policy documents when you can get them from Eventsured in minutes? Both private and corporate hosts can use Eventsured to purchase coverage for a wide range of events without going through a lengthy underwriting process. Simply fill out the online application and you’ll have your policy document sitting in your email inbox within minutes. The company will even issue you a general liability policy up to the day before your event. Of course, there are some caveats. Eventsured requires you to purchase host liquor liability coverage by including it in every policy premium, regardless of whether you intend to serve alcohol at your event. ### Best for High Limits : Philadelphia Insurance Companies --- ![Philadelphia Insurance Companies]() ![Philadelphia Insurance Companies](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/dzOUCT2zWw-9dDXthBNIscx4s2w=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PhiladelphiaInsuranceCompanies-00adfbe26e004271b568a5fe0cef1413.jpg)  Philadelphia Insurance Companies [Get a Quote](https://www.phly.com/Home/Index.aspx) Special event liability insurance up to $3 million with all Philadelphia Insurance Companies policies, offering the best solution for hosts with high coverage needs. Pros * Standard policy starts at $3 million in aggregate liability insurance with excess coverage available * No deductible for liability claims * Can be combined with umbrella, abuse and molestation, inland marine, and hired and non-owned vehicle insurance Cons * No low-premium options * Military deployment not covered * Events that go past midnight require two-day coverage * Long list of excluded events Standard event insurance from Philadelphia Insurance Companies includes [aggregate liability limits](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aggregate-limit-liability.asp) of $3 million, multiple times what competitors offer, making it best for high limits in our review. If that’s not sufficient, hosts with high-value assets can secure additional protection by extending event policies with [umbrella coverage](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/umbrella-insurance-policy.asp). While it may require a lengthier underwriting process, there doesn’t appear to be any limit to the number of attendees; we were able to secure online quotes for a million or more event goers. Although Philadelphia Insurance Companies is a great option for large events, the minimum $3 million liability limit may be overkill for private gatherings. The cheapest policies available start at $175 for liability coverage, around twice what you might pay for a more appropriate limit for smaller events. While Philadelphia Insurance Companies insures hundreds of different events, the company does list several that are ineligible for coverage. These include high-risk sports events, live animal attractions, specific concert genres, and amusement-style rides. ### Best Value : Markel --- ![Markel]() ![Markel](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5yJ74lMa0I3lRwDzXLbTLX7ekgo=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MKS_19mm_4_GGz_edit-c0328ac669f84701aacab8ad6f0e7d2c.jpg) Markel [Get a Quote](https://www.jdoqocy.com/click-100125493-15504888) Markel’s low-cost event policies include discounts for bundling coverage and free information resources, a better value than any other carrier. Pros * Event liability insurance starts as low as $75 for $500,000 in coverage * Fifteen percent discount offered when purchasing liability and cancellation policies together * Low $25 deductible for cancellation policy claims * Offers free wedding planning resources * Cancellation coverage available in the United States and several international destinations, including cruises Cons * Liability coverage not available for international destinations * $300 limit on loss of cash gifts * Property damage claims incur a $1,000 deductible Many event insurance companies require hosts to pay for a minimum of $1 million in [liability coverage](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability_insurance.asp), but for smaller gatherings, this amount may be more than you need. Selected as the best value in our review, Markel sells event insurance with liability limits starting at $500,000 for a price of just $75, helping you save by not overpaying for coverage. You’ll even save an additional 15% by [bundling](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bundling.asp) an event liability policy with an event cancellation policy. Cancellation policies are available in all 50 states and can be purchased by U.S. residents for destination events in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and several Caribbean islands. Liability coverage is also offered for events taking place on cruise ships departing U.S. ports. One downside is that event hosts must pay a $1,000 deductible for property damage claims, although the deductible on cancellation policies is much more affordable at just $25. Hosts will find pages of free resources that will help walk you through the party planning process, from creating a budget to making your event eco-friendly. You’ll even find lists of questions to ask vendors like caterers and florists to make sure you’re getting the most out of their services. ### Best Customer Service : Travelers --- ![Travelers]() ![Travelers](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/r8WrtjAYEtUfjyFdBRc7ME725pE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Travelers-e19361310adf40d098721fa9cb353b3b.jpg)  Travelers [Get a Quote](https://www.travelers.com/) Not only will Travelers representatives take your call 24 hours a day, but this event insurer also offers the best customer service of all the providers we reviewed. Pros * Support available by phone, email, and web chat * Main phone line staffed 24 hours per day * Online quotes and policy management * Option to buy online or work with an agent Cons * Limited types of events covered * Doesn’t offer standalone liability policies * Not available in Alaska, Hawaii, or Louisiana Everyone values different types of customer service; some prefer digital convenience while others want the personalized attention of an agent. Travelers offers the best of both worlds with event insurance that you can purchase online in minutes or through an insurance expert in your area. Representatives are available by web chat during business hours and the Travelers customer advocacy line is open 24/7. Travelers policies are based around a core coverage plan that starts at $160 for up to $250,000 in coverage. The plan bundles coverage for cancellation, photography, lost deposits, and theft or damage of items like gifts, attire, and jewelry. Optional event liability insurance is available at a minimum of $165 for $1 million in coverage, although this policy can’t be purchased on its own. You should also keep in mind that Travelers event insurance is designed for private invitation-only events like weddings, family reunions, and holiday parties. The company won’t cover events like corporate parties or ticketed fundraisers. ### Best for Weddings : WedSafe --- ![WedSafe]() ![WedSafe](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t5yM3gdzsrF5AtuhOnQVO1YHYbA=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WedSafe-0317192a61a04259b7ce9fc7024acb93.jpg)  WedSafe [Get a Quote](https://www.wedsafe.com/Pages/home.aspx) Most event insurers provide wedding insurance, but WedSafe offers the best tailored coverage expressly for those planning their nuptials. Pros * Covers weddings in the United States and over a dozen international locations * Existing relationship with thousands of venues * Cancellation coverage can be purchased up to 15 days before the event * No deductible for bodily injury claims * Covers rehearsal and rehearsal dinner up to 48 hours prior to the wedding Cons * $1,000 deductible for property damage claims * Doesn’t cover cancellation due to change of heart * Prohibits some specific activities including live animals and fireworks With liability and cancellation coverage for backyard ceremonies and tropical destination weddings alike, it’s easy to see why WedSafe is a highly recommended option by wedding sites like The Knot and WeddingWire. Policies are underwritten by Nationwide, with coverage starting at $500,000 in general liability insurance. Coverage is available in all 50 states as well as the United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, and many Caribbean destinations, although you’ll need to be a U.S. resident no matter where your wedding is held. As wedding plans can change quickly, WedSafe’s policies are flexible enough to accommodate last-minute alterations. Cancellation coverage can be purchased as soon as 15 days before the date, although if you do need to call things off, you’ll have to supply a valid reason (such as severe weather or illness). The policy won’t reimburse lost deposits just because someone gets cold feet. ### Best for Corporate Events : USLI --- ![USLI]() ![USLI](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/tRLowqVJe7Lrn3yp1pzdXvtg8vs=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/USLI1-201ba6a7f64b427eaf0754994c9bd7bb.jpg)  USLI [Get a Quote](https://www.usli.com/) From conventions to company retreats, USLI covers corporate events that other insurers won’t touch and is our top choice for policies for corporate events. Pros * Policies include general liability, liquor liability, and medical payments * Flexible terms for single- or multi-day events * Covers up to 20,000 guests * Hole-in-one insurance available up to $50,000 per hole Cons * Policies must be purchased through an agent * Not ideal for smaller events Getting insurance for a wedding or private party is a breeze, but corporate hosts often need specialized policies from insurers like USLI for sufficient event coverage. Whether your company is planning a large trade show, a charity fundraiser, or an employee gathering, USLI’s event insurance plans can be tailored to fit your needs. Coverage is available for up to 20,000 attendees. USLI also offers several unique types of additional coverage that might be particularly interesting to corporate hosts. For example, [prize indemnity insurance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prize-indemnity-insurance.asp) can be purchased for charity golf contests up to a $50,000 limit per hole; the insurer will even donate an additional 20% of the prize amount to the charity recipient. ## What Is Event Insurance? Event insurance is a broad type of insurance that can include several types of coverage designed to protect event hosts. The most common type of event insurance is general liability, which covers lawsuits related to bodily injury or property damage resulting from your event. Many policies also include host liquor liability coverage, which protects you if a guest is overserved and causes injury or damage. Another popular form of event insurance is cancellation coverage, which helps recoup lost deposits and other costs if a major event such as a wedding needs to be cancelled due to circumstances out of your control. ### Note The median amount couples budget for their weddings is $20,000, according to [Weddings & Money 2021: A Brides and Investopedia study](https://www.brides.com/cost-of-weddings-today-5207415). That includes $3,000 for the venue, $2,000 for catering, $1,500 for alcohol, and $800 for flowers. ## Why Should I Get Event Insurance? Event insurance is required by most venues, so you may not have a choice if you’ll be booking a space for the day. However, you should still consider event insurance if it’s not required or if you’re hosting the event at your private residence. While many homeowners insurance policies include a certain amount of liability coverage, limits aren’t usually sufficient for large gatherings. Talk to your home insurer before planning an event to see what is and isn’t covered and identify areas that might need supplemental insurance. ## How Do I Get a Certificate of Insurance for an Event? If your venue requires you to purchase event insurance, they’ll probably ask for a [certificate of insurance (COI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificate_of_insurance.asp) as proof that you have enough coverage. These days, many insurers allow you to purchase event insurance online instantly and download your COI electronically within minutes. However, if you’re planning an event with a large number of guests or more unique coverage needs, it may take a few days to complete the underwriting process. If this is the case, the company should automatically send you a COI as soon as the policy has been issued. ## What Does Event Insurance Cost? According to the companies we reviewed, event insurance usually starts around $50 but your premium will depend on the event location, number of guests, whether alcohol is being served, and which types of coverage are included. Make sure to get multiple quotes when shopping for event insurance and compare not just pricing but also the exclusions listed in each policy. ## How We Chose the Best Event Insurance Companies Our evaluation of event insurers looked at more than 15 of the most popular companies for event hosts. We analyzed the types of coverage each insurer offers and asked for quotes to compare pricing. We also scrutinized customer service for each company, including the ease of getting a quote and purchasing coverage, which contact methods are available, and whether customers can retrieve their policy documents and certificate of insurance online. ![Best-event-insurance-5077590](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TnfLeofXHMNCnZp7ZENOXbAPQMA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/EventInsurance_inkoly-5fd46ee24dd345618b4d1893d2154e50.jpg) ![Best-event-insurance-5077590](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TnfLeofXHMNCnZp7ZENOXbAPQMA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/EventInsurance_inkoly-5fd46ee24dd345618b4d1893d2154e50.jpg) Getty Images / inkoly Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. Insurance Information Institute. "[Social Host Liability](https://www.iii.org/article/social-host-liability)." 2. Event Insurance in Minutes by RVNA. "[Event Insurance Coverages A to Z](https://www.specialeventinsurance.com/event-insurance-coverages-a-z/)." 3. Philadelphia Insurance Companies. "[Special Events](https://www.phly.com/Files/SpecialEvents_Brochure_Web36-9761.pdf)." 4. Philadelphia Insurance Companies. "[Celebrate With PHLY's Special Event Insurance](https://www.phly.com/products/event-liability-insurance.aspx)." 5. Markel. "[Event Insurance](https://www.markelinsurance.com/event#31209332B92A4C84935CA6DBB3B76085-tab)." 6. Markel. "[Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.markelinsurance.com/event/faq)," Select "Is There a Deductible on Event Insurance?" 7. Travelers. "[Get a Quote](https://secure.protectmyevents.com/pls/wpp/APP_WPP.WPP.show)." 8. WedSafe. "[Wedding Event Liability Insurance—Liquor Liability Insurance](https://www.wedsafe.com/Pages/wedding-liability-insurance.aspx)." 9. USLI. "[Special Events](https://www.usli.com/products/special-events/)." 10. Insurance Information Institute. "[Special Event Insurance](https://www.iii.org/article/special-event-insurance)." 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Some of the most memorable moments in our lifetimes are of special events like weddings, family reunions, and holiday parties. But while it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of planning an event, every host should be aware of the risks that can make your special day memorable in all the wrong ways. Not everyone realizes the amount of liability they carry if someone is hurt or property is damaged at an event they host. In fact, 43 states have enacted social host liability laws that allow party hosts to be sued if a guest drives under the influence and causes an accident. To mitigate this risk, most venues require you to purchase event insurance that covers a minimum amount of liability. Even if event insurance isn’t required for your upcoming gathering, an insurance policy may be worth its low cost to protect your assets from potential lawsuits. Thankfully, there are many great event insurers to choose from with affordable coverage to fit the size and scope of any gathering. We reviewed more than 15 of the most widely recognized event insurance companies and chose the top seven based on price, coverage, and service. The 7 Best Event Insurance Companies of 2024 Best Overall: RVNA Best Online Underwriting: Eventsured Best for High Limits: Philadelphia Insurance Companies Best Value: Markel Best Customer Service: Travelers Best for Weddings: WedSafe Best for Corporate Events: USLI Best Event Insurance Companies Expand Best Event Insurance Companies Our Top Picks RVNA Eventsured Philadelphia Insurance Companies Markel Travelers WedSafe USLI See More (4) What Is Event Insurance? Why Should I Get Event Insurance? What Is a Certificate of Insurance? What Does Event Insurance Cost? Methodology Best Overall : RVNA RVNA Get a Quote Whether you’re planning a small private gathering or a major public event, RVNA covers it all with the best price and flexible terms getting our nod for the overall best. Pros Affordable policies start at $50 for liability Coverage available for small and large events Instant online quotes Customize production policies with more than a dozen types of coverage Policy cancellation allowed up to 48 hours before the event Cons Phone claims only $2,500 deductible for property damage claims It’s rare to find an insurer that offers equally great coverage for events of all sizes, but RVNA manages just that. These flexible policies start at just $50 and host liquor liability. Additional production coverage is available through over a dozen different riders. RVNA sets itself apart from the competition in several ways. The company’s standard policy includes coverage for terrorism, which isn’t normally covered by event insurers. RVNA is also the only event insurance company we came across that allows hosts to cancel their liability policy. Full refunds are issued as long as cancellation is requested in writing at least 48 hours before the start of the event. There are very few downsides to RVNA. Policy changes can be made through the online policy management system. Property damage claims require the host to pay a $2,500 deductible, which is fairly high for the industry. Best Online Underwriting : Eventsured  Eventsured Get a Quote With Eventsured’s straightforward online quote tool, you can purchase liability coverage for more than 500 types of events in minutes. It’s the fastest way to get event insurance. Pros More than 500 event types covered Policy documents issued in minutes Available in all 50 states Zero deductible for all claims Paperless claim filing Cons Host liquor liability required regardless of alcohol consumption Policies not underwritten by Eventsured Why spend days waiting for policy documents when you can get them from Eventsured in minutes? Both private and corporate hosts can use Eventsured to purchase coverage for a wide range of events without going through a lengthy underwriting process. Simply fill out the online application and you’ll have your policy document sitting in your email inbox within minutes. The company will even issue you a general liability policy up to the day before your event. Of course, there are some caveats. Eventsured requires you to purchase host liquor liability coverage by including it in every policy premium, regardless of whether you intend to serve alcohol at your event. Best for High Limits : Philadelphia Insurance Companies  Philadelphia Insurance Companies Get a Quote Special event liability insurance up to $3 million with all Philadelphia Insurance Companies policies, offering the best solution for hosts with high coverage needs. Pros Standard policy starts at $3 million in aggregate liability insurance with excess coverage available No deductible for liability claims Can be combined with umbrella, abuse and molestation, inland marine, and hired and non-owned vehicle insurance Cons No low-premium options Military deployment not covered Events that go past midnight require two-day coverage Long list of excluded events Standard event insurance from Philadelphia Insurance Companies includes aggregate liability limits of $3 million, multiple times what competitors offer, making it best for high limits in our review. If that’s not sufficient, hosts with high-value assets can secure additional protection by extending event policies with umbrella coverage. While it may require a lengthier underwriting process, there doesn’t appear to be any limit to the number of attendees; we were able to secure online quotes for a million or more event goers. Although Philadelphia Insurance Companies is a great option for large events, the minimum $3 million liability limit may be overkill for private gatherings. The cheapest policies available start at $175 for liability coverage, around twice what you might pay for a more appropriate limit for smaller events. While Philadelphia Insurance Companies insures hundreds of different events, the company does list several that are ineligible for coverage. These include high-risk sports events, live animal attractions, specific concert genres, and amusement-style rides. Best Value : Markel Markel Get a Quote Markel’s low-cost event policies include discounts for bundling coverage and free information resources, a better value than any other carrier. Pros Event liability insurance starts as low as $75 for $500,000 in coverage Fifteen percent discount offered when purchasing liability and cancellation policies together Low $25 deductible for cancellation policy claims Offers free wedding planning resources Cancellation coverage available in the United States and several international destinations, including cruises Cons Liability coverage not available for international destinations $300 limit on loss of cash gifts Property damage claims incur a $1,000 deductible Many event insurance companies require hosts to pay for a minimum of $1 million in liability coverage, but for smaller gatherings, this amount may be more than you need. Selected as the best value in our review, Markel sells event insurance with liability limits starting at $500,000 for a price of just $75, helping you save by not overpaying for coverage. You’ll even save an additional 15% by bundling an event liability policy with an event cancellation policy. Cancellation policies are available in all 50 states and can be purchased by U.S. residents for destination events in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and several Caribbean islands. Liability coverage is also offered for events taking place on cruise ships departing U.S. ports. One downside is that event hosts must pay a $1,000 deductible for property damage claims, although the deductible on cancellation policies is much more affordable at just $25. Hosts will find pages of free resources that will help walk you through the party planning process, from creating a budget to making your event eco-friendly. You’ll even find lists of questions to ask vendors like caterers and florists to make sure you’re getting the most out of their services. Best Customer Service : Travelers  Travelers Get a Quote Not only will Travelers representatives take your call 24 hours a day, but this event insurer also offers the best customer service of all the providers we reviewed. Pros Support available by phone, email, and web chat Main phone line staffed 24 hours per day Online quotes and policy management Option to buy online or work with an agent Cons Limited types of events covered Doesn’t offer standalone liability policies Not available in Alaska, Hawaii, or Louisiana Everyone values different types of customer service; some prefer digital convenience while others want the personalized attention of an agent. Travelers offers the best of both worlds with event insurance that you can purchase online in minutes or through an insurance expert in your area. Representatives are available by web chat during business hours and the Travelers customer advocacy line is open 24/7. Travelers policies are based around a core coverage plan that starts at $160 for up to $250,000 in coverage. The plan bundles coverage for cancellation, photography, lost deposits, and theft or damage of items like gifts, attire, and jewelry. Optional event liability insurance is available at a minimum of $165 for $1 million in coverage, although this policy can’t be purchased on its own. You should also keep in mind that Travelers event insurance is designed for private invitation-only events like weddings, family reunions, and holiday parties. The company won’t cover events like corporate parties or ticketed fundraisers. Best for Weddings : WedSafe  WedSafe Get a Quote Most event insurers provide wedding insurance, but WedSafe offers the best tailored coverage expressly for those planning their nuptials. Pros Covers weddings in the United States and over a dozen international locations Existing relationship with thousands of venues Cancellation coverage can be purchased up to 15 days before the event No deductible for bodily injury claims Covers rehearsal and rehearsal dinner up to 48 hours prior to the wedding Cons $1,000 deductible for property damage claims Doesn’t cover cancellation due to change of heart Prohibits some specific activities including live animals and fireworks With liability and cancellation coverage for backyard ceremonies and tropical destination weddings alike, it’s easy to see why WedSafe is a highly recommended option by wedding sites like The Knot and WeddingWire. Policies are underwritten by Nationwide, with coverage starting at $500,000 in general liability insurance. Coverage is available in all 50 states as well as the United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, and many Caribbean destinations, although you’ll need to be a U.S. resident no matter where your wedding is held. As wedding plans can change quickly, WedSafe’s policies are flexible enough to accommodate last-minute alterations. Cancellation coverage can be purchased as soon as 15 days before the date, although if you do need to call things off, you’ll have to supply a valid reason (such as severe weather or illness). The policy won’t reimburse lost deposits just because someone gets cold feet. Best for Corporate Events : USLI  USLI Get a Quote From conventions to company retreats, USLI covers corporate events that other insurers won’t touch and is our top choice for policies for corporate events. Pros Policies include general liability, liquor liability, and medical payments Flexible terms for single- or multi-day events Covers up to 20,000 guests Hole-in-one insurance available up to $50,000 per hole Cons Policies must be purchased through an agent Not ideal for smaller events Getting insurance for a wedding or private party is a breeze, but corporate hosts often need specialized policies from insurers like USLI for sufficient event coverage. Whether your company is planning a large trade show, a charity fundraiser, or an employee gathering, USLI’s event insurance plans can be tailored to fit your needs. Coverage is available for up to 20,000 attendees. USLI also offers several unique types of additional coverage that might be particularly interesting to corporate hosts. For example, prize indemnity insurance can be purchased for charity golf contests up to a $50,000 limit per hole; the insurer will even donate an additional 20% of the prize amount to the charity recipient. What Is Event Insurance? Event insurance is a broad type of insurance that can include several types of coverage designed to protect event hosts. The most common type of event insurance is general liability, which covers lawsuits related to bodily injury or property damage resulting from your event. Many policies also include host liquor liability coverage, which protects you if a guest is overserved and causes injury or damage. Another popular form of event insurance is cancellation coverage, which helps recoup lost deposits and other costs if a major event such as a wedding needs to be cancelled due to circumstances out of your control. Note The median amount couples budget for their weddings is $20,000, according to Weddings & Money 2021: A Brides and Investopedia study. That includes $3,000 for the venue, $2,000 for catering, $1,500 for alcohol, and $800 for flowers. Why Should I Get Event Insurance? Event insurance is required by most venues, so you may not have a choice if you’ll be booking a space for the day. However, you should still consider event insurance if it’s not required or if you’re hosting the event at your private residence. While many homeowners insurance policies include a certain amount of liability coverage, limits aren’t usually sufficient for large gatherings. Talk to your home insurer before planning an event to see what is and isn’t covered and identify areas that might need supplemental insurance. How Do I Get a Certificate of Insurance for an Event? If your venue requires you to purchase event insurance, they’ll probably ask for a certificate of insurance (COI) as proof that you have enough coverage. These days, many insurers allow you to purchase event insurance online instantly and download your COI electronically within minutes. However, if you’re planning an event with a large number of guests or more unique coverage needs, it may take a few days to complete the underwriting process. If this is the case, the company should automatically send you a COI as soon as the policy has been issued. What Does Event Insurance Cost? According to the companies we reviewed, event insurance usually starts around $50 but your premium will depend on the event location, number of guests, whether alcohol is being served, and which types of coverage are included. Make sure to get multiple quotes when shopping for event insurance and compare not just pricing but also the exclusions listed in each policy. How We Chose the Best Event Insurance Companies Our evaluation of event insurers looked at more than 15 of the most popular companies for event hosts. We analyzed the types of coverage each insurer offers and asked for quotes to compare pricing. We also scrutinized customer service for each company, including the ease of getting a quote and purchasing coverage, which contact methods are available, and whether customers can retrieve their policy documents and certificate of insurance online. Getty Images / inkoly Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Insurance Information Institute. "Social Host Liability." Event Insurance in Minutes by RVNA. "Event Insurance Coverages A to Z." Philadelphia Insurance Companies. "Special Events." Philadelphia Insurance Companies. "Celebrate With PHLY's Special Event Insurance." Markel. "Event Insurance." Markel. "Frequently Asked Questions," Select "Is There a Deductible on Event Insurance?" Travelers. "Get a Quote." WedSafe. "Wedding Event Liability Insurance—Liquor Liability Insurance." USLI. "Special Events." Insurance Information Institute. "Special Event Insurance." Related Articles Best Small Business Insurance Companies for May 2024 Best Independent Contractor Insurance Companies of 2024 Best Food Truck Insurance Companies of 2024 Best Liquor Liability Insurance Insurance Best Wedding Insurance Companies Related Terms What Is Errors and Omissions Insurance? Errors and omissions insurance covers claims against your business for negligence, malpractice, errors, or omissions while providing a professional service. more What Does Commercial General Liability (CGL) Insurance Cover? Commercial general liability (CGL) insurance covers a business against claims of property damage, bodily injury, libel, slander, or false advertising. Learn more. more Casualty Insurance: Definition, Types, and Examples Casualty insurance is a broad category of coverage against loss of property, damage, or other liabilities. This includes workers' compensation. more Wrap-Up Insurance: Definition, 2 Main Types, and Coverage Example Wrap-up insurance is an all-encompassing liability insurance policy that protects all contractors and subcontractors working on a large project. more What Is Commercial Insurance? Commercial insurance, or business insurance, is coverage purchased by businesses to protect them from the costs of unexpected events during normal operations. more World Insurance: What It is, How It Works, Types World insurance protects firms from being sued by an international plaintiff. more
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https://www.investopedia.com/top-vix-etfs-for-q4-2023-7975078
Top VIX ETFs for Q4 2023
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> For investors looking to profit from market ups and downs, there are a variety of volatility exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that are typically linked to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vix.asp">CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Commonly known as the "fear index," the VIX is a real-time index representation of the market’s expectation of 30-day forward-looking volatility. It is based on the prices of Standard &amp; Poor's 500 (S&amp;P 500) index options and aims to measure both market risk and investor sentiment (also known as market sentiment). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>Investors seeking exposure to the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) can't invest in the index directly, so VIX ETFs give seasoned investors a way to track volatility through <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp">futures contracts</a>.</li> <li>The VIX reached a 12-year high in March 2020 at the start of the pandemic and rose again in early 2022 as Russia invaded Ukraine, but has now generally moderated.</li> <li>The VIX <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp">exchange-traded funds (ETFs)</a> with the best one-year trailing total returns are VXZ, VIXM, and VXX, although they all significantly trailed the performance of the S&amp;P 500.</li> </ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> With the start of the pandemic in March 2020, market <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> reached its highest level in more than a decade. After moderating through the rest of that year and 2021, it increased again in the early stages of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. For most of 2023, volatility has again fallen to near pre-pandemic levels. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Investors seeking exposure to the VIX can't invest in the index directly. So VIX ETFs provide sophisticated investors a way of tracking volatility through VIX <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp">futures contracts</a>. These contracts will rise and fall in price alongside volatility, although not always in a way directly correlated with the VIX's movement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Investors typically hold VIX ETFs for a short period of time to capitalize on rapid shifts in volatility, making these funds a poor choice for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyandhold.asp">buy-and-hold</a> investors. These ETFs are complex financial instruments that aren't intended for beginners. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> There are five VIX ETFs currently trading in the U.S., not including <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inverse-etf.asp">inverse</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/leveraged-etf.asp">leveraged</a> funds. The VIX has fallen 40.9% in the past year, while the S&amp;P 500's total return over the same period was 16.7%, as of Sept. 26.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> While most investors tend to trade VIX ETFs on a short-term basis, the best-performing VIX ETF over a trailing 12-month period is the iPath Series B S&amp;P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VXZ">VXZ</a>).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Below, we look more closely at the three best-performing VIX ETFs for the final quarter of 2023, based on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062215/how-do-i-calculate-my-portfolios-investment-returns-and-performance.asp">returns</a> over the last year. All numbers for each ETF below are as of Sept. 25. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-ipath-series-b-sp-500-vix-mid-term-futures-etn-vxz"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-heading__link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VXZ" rel="nocaes">iPath Series B S&amp;P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN (VXZ)</a> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <li>Performance Over 1 Year: -43.4%</li><li>Expense Ratio: 0.89%</li><li>Annual Dividend Yield: N/A</li><li>Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 62,777</li><li>Assets Under Management: $49 million</li><li>Inception Date: Jan. 17, 2018</li><li>Issuer: Barclays Capital</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> VXZ is structured as an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etn.asp">exchange-traded note (ETN)</a>, a type of unsecured debt security that makes no interest payments and has stock-like characteristics. This fund tracks the S&amp;P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures Index Total Return, providing exposure to a daily rolling <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long.asp">long position</a> in the fourth-, fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-month VIX futures contracts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> The index represents market participants’ views on the performance of the VIX in the future.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> VXZ is composed of longer-dated futures contracts, making it less likely to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/correlation.asp">correlate</a> with the spot VIX. Still, most investors trade VXZ on a short-term basis, as it avoids <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trackingerror.asp">tracking errors</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-proshares-vix-mid-term-futures-etf-vixm"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-heading__link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VIXM" rel="nocaes">ProShares VIX Mid-Term Futures ETF (VIXM)</a> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <li>Performance Over 1 Year: -44.2%</li><li>Expense Ratio: 0.85%</li><li>Annual Dividend Yield: N/A</li><li>Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 92,514</li><li>Assets Under Management: $58.9 million</li><li>Inception Date: Jan. 3, 2011</li><li>Issuer: ProShares</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> VIXM is structured as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commoditypool.asp">commodity pool</a>, a type of private investment combining investor contributions to trade commodities futures and options. This fund targets the S&amp;P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures Index, which measures the returns of a portfolio of monthly VIX futures contracts having a weighted average of five months to expiration.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> The fund provides returns based on increases in the expected volatility of the S&amp;P 500.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Notably, this fund doesn't track the VIX specifically and should be expected to perform very differently from that index. Like the other volatility-related funds, VIXM should be approached as a complex investment vehicle for experienced traders holding the fund for a short time only.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-ipath-series-b-sp-500-vix-short-term-futures-etn-vxx"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <a class="mntl-sc-block-heading__link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VXX" rel="nocaes">iPath Series B S&amp;P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures ETN (VXX)</a> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <li>Performance Over 1 Year: -71.1%</li><li>Expense Ratio: 0.89%</li><li>Annual Dividend Yield: N/A</li><li>Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 10,037,906</li><li>Assets Under Management: $457.1 million</li><li>Inception Date: Jan. 19, 2018</li><li>Issuer: Barclays Capital</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Like VXZ above, VXX is structured as an ETN. VXX tracks the S&amp;P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures Index Total Return, which is similar to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/benchmark.asp">benchmark</a> index for VXZ except for the key difference that this index provides exposure to first- and second-month VIX futures contracts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Like the other funds on this list, VXX doesn't offer a spot investment in the VIX. Because it focuses on short-dated futures contracts, it tends to correlate more closely to that index, but it is also at an increased risk of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/contango.asp">contango</a>. For these reasons, VXX is also most suitable for seasoned investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <em>The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our warranty and liability disclaimer for more info.</em> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <em>As of the date this article was written, the author did not own any of the above ETFs.</em> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
For investors looking to profit from market ups and downs, there are a variety of volatility exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that are typically linked to the [CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vix.asp). Commonly known as the "fear index," the VIX is a real-time index representation of the market’s expectation of 30-day forward-looking volatility. It is based on the prices of Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) index options and aims to measure both market risk and investor sentiment (also known as market sentiment). ### Key Takeaways * Investors seeking exposure to the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) can't invest in the index directly, so VIX ETFs give seasoned investors a way to track volatility through [futures contracts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp). * The VIX reached a 12-year high in March 2020 at the start of the pandemic and rose again in early 2022 as Russia invaded Ukraine, but has now generally moderated. * The VIX [exchange-traded funds (ETFs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp) with the best one-year trailing total returns are VXZ, VIXM, and VXX, although they all significantly trailed the performance of the S&P 500. With the start of the pandemic in March 2020, market [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) reached its highest level in more than a decade. After moderating through the rest of that year and 2021, it increased again in the early stages of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. For most of 2023, volatility has again fallen to near pre-pandemic levels. Investors seeking exposure to the VIX can't invest in the index directly. So VIX ETFs provide sophisticated investors a way of tracking volatility through VIX [futures contracts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp). These contracts will rise and fall in price alongside volatility, although not always in a way directly correlated with the VIX's movement. Investors typically hold VIX ETFs for a short period of time to capitalize on rapid shifts in volatility, making these funds a poor choice for [buy-and-hold](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyandhold.asp) investors. These ETFs are complex financial instruments that aren't intended for beginners. There are five VIX ETFs currently trading in the U.S., not including [inverse](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inverse-etf.asp) and [leveraged](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/leveraged-etf.asp) funds. The VIX has fallen 40.9% in the past year, while the S&P 500's total return over the same period was 16.7%, as of Sept. 26. While most investors tend to trade VIX ETFs on a short-term basis, the best-performing VIX ETF over a trailing 12-month period is the iPath Series B S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN ([VXZ](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VXZ)). Below, we look more closely at the three best-performing VIX ETFs for the final quarter of 2023, based on [returns](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062215/how-do-i-calculate-my-portfolios-investment-returns-and-performance.asp) over the last year. All numbers for each ETF below are as of Sept. 25. ## [iPath Series B S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN (VXZ)](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VXZ) * Performance Over 1 Year: -43.4% * Expense Ratio: 0.89% * Annual Dividend Yield: N/A * Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 62,777 * Assets Under Management: $49 million * Inception Date: Jan. 17, 2018 * Issuer: Barclays Capital VXZ is structured as an [exchange-traded note (ETN)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etn.asp), a type of unsecured debt security that makes no interest payments and has stock-like characteristics. This fund tracks the S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures Index Total Return, providing exposure to a daily rolling [long position](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long.asp) in the fourth-, fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-month VIX futures contracts. The index represents market participants’ views on the performance of the VIX in the future. VXZ is composed of longer-dated futures contracts, making it less likely to [correlate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/correlation.asp) with the spot VIX. Still, most investors trade VXZ on a short-term basis, as it avoids [tracking errors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trackingerror.asp). ## [ProShares VIX Mid-Term Futures ETF (VIXM)](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VIXM) * Performance Over 1 Year: -44.2% * Expense Ratio: 0.85% * Annual Dividend Yield: N/A * Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 92,514 * Assets Under Management: $58.9 million * Inception Date: Jan. 3, 2011 * Issuer: ProShares VIXM is structured as a [commodity pool](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commoditypool.asp), a type of private investment combining investor contributions to trade commodities futures and options. This fund targets the S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures Index, which measures the returns of a portfolio of monthly VIX futures contracts having a weighted average of five months to expiration. The fund provides returns based on increases in the expected volatility of the S&P 500. Notably, this fund doesn't track the VIX specifically and should be expected to perform very differently from that index. Like the other volatility-related funds, VIXM should be approached as a complex investment vehicle for experienced traders holding the fund for a short time only. ## [iPath Series B S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures ETN (VXX)](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=VXX) * Performance Over 1 Year: -71.1% * Expense Ratio: 0.89% * Annual Dividend Yield: N/A * Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 10,037,906 * Assets Under Management: $457.1 million * Inception Date: Jan. 19, 2018 * Issuer: Barclays Capital Like VXZ above, VXX is structured as an ETN. VXX tracks the S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures Index Total Return, which is similar to the [benchmark](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/benchmark.asp) index for VXZ except for the key difference that this index provides exposure to first- and second-month VIX futures contracts. Like the other funds on this list, VXX doesn't offer a spot investment in the VIX. Because it focuses on short-dated futures contracts, it tends to correlate more closely to that index, but it is also at an increased risk of [contango](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/contango.asp). For these reasons, VXX is also most suitable for seasoned investors. *The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our warranty and liability disclaimer for more info.* *As of the date this article was written, the author did not own any of the above ETFs.* Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
For investors looking to profit from market ups and downs, there are a variety of volatility exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that are typically linked to the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX). Commonly known as the "fear index," the VIX is a real-time index representation of the market’s expectation of 30-day forward-looking volatility. It is based on the prices of Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) index options and aims to measure both market risk and investor sentiment (also known as market sentiment). Key Takeaways Investors seeking exposure to the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) can't invest in the index directly, so VIX ETFs give seasoned investors a way to track volatility through futures contracts. The VIX reached a 12-year high in March 2020 at the start of the pandemic and rose again in early 2022 as Russia invaded Ukraine, but has now generally moderated. The VIX exchange-traded funds (ETFs) with the best one-year trailing total returns are VXZ, VIXM, and VXX, although they all significantly trailed the performance of the S&P 500. With the start of the pandemic in March 2020, market volatility reached its highest level in more than a decade. After moderating through the rest of that year and 2021, it increased again in the early stages of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. For most of 2023, volatility has again fallen to near pre-pandemic levels. Investors seeking exposure to the VIX can't invest in the index directly. So VIX ETFs provide sophisticated investors a way of tracking volatility through VIX futures contracts. These contracts will rise and fall in price alongside volatility, although not always in a way directly correlated with the VIX's movement. Investors typically hold VIX ETFs for a short period of time to capitalize on rapid shifts in volatility, making these funds a poor choice for buy-and-hold investors. These ETFs are complex financial instruments that aren't intended for beginners. There are five VIX ETFs currently trading in the U.S., not including inverse and leveraged funds. The VIX has fallen 40.9% in the past year, while the S&P 500's total return over the same period was 16.7%, as of Sept. 26. While most investors tend to trade VIX ETFs on a short-term basis, the best-performing VIX ETF over a trailing 12-month period is the iPath Series B S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN (VXZ). Below, we look more closely at the three best-performing VIX ETFs for the final quarter of 2023, based on returns over the last year. All numbers for each ETF below are as of Sept. 25. iPath Series B S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN (VXZ) Performance Over 1 Year: -43.4%Expense Ratio: 0.89%Annual Dividend Yield: N/AThree-Month Average Daily Volume: 62,777Assets Under Management: $49 millionInception Date: Jan. 17, 2018Issuer: Barclays Capital VXZ is structured as an exchange-traded note (ETN), a type of unsecured debt security that makes no interest payments and has stock-like characteristics. This fund tracks the S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures Index Total Return, providing exposure to a daily rolling long position in the fourth-, fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-month VIX futures contracts. The index represents market participants’ views on the performance of the VIX in the future. VXZ is composed of longer-dated futures contracts, making it less likely to correlate with the spot VIX. Still, most investors trade VXZ on a short-term basis, as it avoids tracking errors. ProShares VIX Mid-Term Futures ETF (VIXM) Performance Over 1 Year: -44.2%Expense Ratio: 0.85%Annual Dividend Yield: N/AThree-Month Average Daily Volume: 92,514Assets Under Management: $58.9 millionInception Date: Jan. 3, 2011Issuer: ProShares VIXM is structured as a commodity pool, a type of private investment combining investor contributions to trade commodities futures and options. This fund targets the S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures Index, which measures the returns of a portfolio of monthly VIX futures contracts having a weighted average of five months to expiration. The fund provides returns based on increases in the expected volatility of the S&P 500. Notably, this fund doesn't track the VIX specifically and should be expected to perform very differently from that index. Like the other volatility-related funds, VIXM should be approached as a complex investment vehicle for experienced traders holding the fund for a short time only. iPath Series B S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures ETN (VXX) Performance Over 1 Year: -71.1%Expense Ratio: 0.89%Annual Dividend Yield: N/AThree-Month Average Daily Volume: 10,037,906Assets Under Management: $457.1 millionInception Date: Jan. 19, 2018Issuer: Barclays Capital Like VXZ above, VXX is structured as an ETN. VXX tracks the S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures Index Total Return, which is similar to the benchmark index for VXZ except for the key difference that this index provides exposure to first- and second-month VIX futures contracts. Like the other funds on this list, VXX doesn't offer a spot investment in the VIX. Because it focuses on short-dated futures contracts, it tends to correlate more closely to that index, but it is also at an increased risk of contango. For these reasons, VXX is also most suitable for seasoned investors. The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our warranty and liability disclaimer for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author did not own any of the above ETFs. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend-capture.asp
Dividend Capture: Meaning, Criticism, Examples
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-dividend-capture"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Dividend Capture? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The term dividend capture refers to an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentstrategy.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">investment strategy</a> that focuses on buying and selling <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/dividend-stocks-4689744" rel="noopener noreferrer">dividend-paying stocks</a>. It is a timing-oriented strategy used by an investor who buys a stock just before its <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ex-dividend.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">ex-dividend</a> or reinvestment date to capture the dividend.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> The investor then sells it on or after the ex-dividend date at or above the purchase price.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> The purpose of the strategy is to receive the dividend, as opposed to just selling the stock at a profit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Dividend capture involves buying a stock before the ex-dividend date to earn the dividend, then sell it on or after the ex-dividend date.</li><li>A stock should drop by the dividend amount on the ex-dividend date, which still nets the investor a profit.</li><li>Traders can capture net profits if the price of the stock drops less than the dividend amount or rises above the purchase price.</li><li>This doesn't always happen, as there are different factors that affect share prices, including demand.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-dividend-capture"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Dividend Capture </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> A dividend capture strategy is generally used on stocks that pay a sizable <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">dividend</a> to make the strategy worthwhile. It is also used on stocks with high trading <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">volume</a>. This strategy takes advantage of regular cash infusions that result from dividends.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> There is no one-size-fits-all approach to this strategy. As mentioned above, some investors purchase shares in dividend-paying stocks just before the ex-dividend date and sell it on that date. Others may choose to hold onto their shares for a day or two before selling them.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The purpose of this strategy is to make a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profit.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">profit</a> by selling the stock at or above the amount of purchase. This can also happen if the stock's price drops down by less than the amount of the dividend since that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">capital</a> is allocated to shareholders and is no longer part of the value of the company.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> But this doesn't always play out that way because share prices don't necessarily drop by just the price of the dividend. There are a number of factors that shape a company's share price. And the dividend is just one thing that can affect the price. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demand.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Demand</a> can also weigh in on share prices. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>You don't need to be a long-term holder of a stock in order to collect a dividend payment.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-special-considerations"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Special Considerations </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Stocks under heavy accumulation are less likely to see a reduction in stock price on the ex-dividend date. A stock in a strong <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/uptrend.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">uptrend</a> is also more likely to appreciate, potentially resulting in a dividend plus a profit on the stock sale. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> The flip side is that stocks in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/downtrend.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">downtrends</a> may fall more than expected on and after the ex-dividend date. As a result, a trader may opt to exit the stock at a more profitable time, instead of on the ex-dividend date. For example, an investor may wait for a better selling opportunity by holding the stock for a few extra days. The downside of this is the share price could continue to fall. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-criticism-of-dividend-capture"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Criticism of Dividend Capture </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Under most circumstances, the dividend capture strategy doesn't produce a tax advantage. The dividend returns are taxed at the investor's ordinary <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxrate.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">tax rate</a>. That's because the trade is not held long enough to benefit from the favorable tax treatment on dividends that a longer-term investor would receive. However, the tax treatment of the strategy is not an issue if the strategy is employed in a tax-advantaged account, such as an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">individual retirement account</a> (IRA). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Transaction costs also need to be accounted for by investors. With various major companies paying dividends almost every day, this could be a very active strategy. The more active the strategy, the more trading <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">commissions</a> are paid. However, with some brokers moving to a no-commission trading model, the odds of successfully using certain active strategies increases. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-dividend-capture"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of Dividend Capture </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Let's assume a $50 stock pays investors a $1 dividend. The stock should open at $49 on the ex-dividend date. In a rising <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">market</a>, it opens the next morning at $49.75 or even $50.20. In either case, the dividend capture investor can sell the stock and make a net profit. They receive $1 per share in dividends and only take a $0.50 loss (at $49.50) on the stock. If the stock were to open at $50.20 (possibly because the broader market is up significantly), the trader nets $1.20 per share. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> But there are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">risks</a>. The price of the stock could also open lower than expected, say at $48. In this case, the trader ends up with a net loss of $1 per share ($48 - $50 + $1). The dividend amount is fixed, but the potential loss amount is not. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-real-world-example-of-dividend-capture"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Real-World Example of Dividend Capture </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Microsoft </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> On Feb. 19, 2020, Microsoft (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MSFT" rel="noopener noreferrer">MSFT</a>) went ex-dividend after declaring a $0.51 dividend.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> The stock closed at $187.23 the day before the ex-dividend date.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> Shares could have been purchased at this price or below. Holding shares before the ex-dividend date entitles the trader to the $0.51 dividend. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> The following day the stock opened at $188.06.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> The trader could immediately sell their holdings, locking in a $0.83 profit on the shares, on top of the $0.51 dividend. It is worth noting that MSFT was in a strong uptrend at the time.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Delta Air Lines </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> On the same day, Delta Air Lines (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DAL" rel="noopener noreferrer">DAL</a>) went ex-dividend. The company declared a $0.4025 dividend per share.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> The stock closed the prior day at $58.72.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> The next morning, the ex-dividend day, the stock opened at $58.49.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> The trader could sell at this price for a $0.23 loss on the shares, but also receive the dividend of $0.4025, for a net profit of $0.1725 per share. The stock, though, was in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/choppymarket.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">choppy</a> and trendless period at this time.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p></div>
## What Is Dividend Capture? The term dividend capture refers to an [investment strategy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentstrategy.asp) that focuses on buying and selling [dividend-paying stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/dividend-stocks-4689744). It is a timing-oriented strategy used by an investor who buys a stock just before its [ex-dividend](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ex-dividend.asp) or reinvestment date to capture the dividend. The investor then sells it on or after the ex-dividend date at or above the purchase price. The purpose of the strategy is to receive the dividend, as opposed to just selling the stock at a profit. ### Key Takeaways * Dividend capture involves buying a stock before the ex-dividend date to earn the dividend, then sell it on or after the ex-dividend date. * A stock should drop by the dividend amount on the ex-dividend date, which still nets the investor a profit. * Traders can capture net profits if the price of the stock drops less than the dividend amount or rises above the purchase price. * This doesn't always happen, as there are different factors that affect share prices, including demand. ## Understanding Dividend Capture A dividend capture strategy is generally used on stocks that pay a sizable [dividend](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp) to make the strategy worthwhile. It is also used on stocks with high trading [volume](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume.asp). This strategy takes advantage of regular cash infusions that result from dividends. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to this strategy. As mentioned above, some investors purchase shares in dividend-paying stocks just before the ex-dividend date and sell it on that date. Others may choose to hold onto their shares for a day or two before selling them. The purpose of this strategy is to make a [profit](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profit.asp) by selling the stock at or above the amount of purchase. This can also happen if the stock's price drops down by less than the amount of the dividend since that [capital](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital.asp) is allocated to shareholders and is no longer part of the value of the company. But this doesn't always play out that way because share prices don't necessarily drop by just the price of the dividend. There are a number of factors that shape a company's share price. And the dividend is just one thing that can affect the price. [Demand](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demand.asp) can also weigh in on share prices. ### You don't need to be a long-term holder of a stock in order to collect a dividend payment. ## Special Considerations Stocks under heavy accumulation are less likely to see a reduction in stock price on the ex-dividend date. A stock in a strong [uptrend](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/uptrend.asp) is also more likely to appreciate, potentially resulting in a dividend plus a profit on the stock sale. The flip side is that stocks in [downtrends](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/downtrend.asp) may fall more than expected on and after the ex-dividend date. As a result, a trader may opt to exit the stock at a more profitable time, instead of on the ex-dividend date. For example, an investor may wait for a better selling opportunity by holding the stock for a few extra days. The downside of this is the share price could continue to fall. ## Criticism of Dividend Capture Under most circumstances, the dividend capture strategy doesn't produce a tax advantage. The dividend returns are taxed at the investor's ordinary [tax rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxrate.asp). That's because the trade is not held long enough to benefit from the favorable tax treatment on dividends that a longer-term investor would receive. However, the tax treatment of the strategy is not an issue if the strategy is employed in a tax-advantaged account, such as an [individual retirement account](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp) (IRA). Transaction costs also need to be accounted for by investors. With various major companies paying dividends almost every day, this could be a very active strategy. The more active the strategy, the more trading [commissions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp) are paid. However, with some brokers moving to a no-commission trading model, the odds of successfully using certain active strategies increases. ## Example of Dividend Capture Let's assume a $50 stock pays investors a $1 dividend. The stock should open at $49 on the ex-dividend date. In a rising [market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market.asp), it opens the next morning at $49.75 or even $50.20. In either case, the dividend capture investor can sell the stock and make a net profit. They receive $1 per share in dividends and only take a $0.50 loss (at $49.50) on the stock. If the stock were to open at $50.20 (possibly because the broader market is up significantly), the trader nets $1.20 per share. But there are [risks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp). The price of the stock could also open lower than expected, say at $48. In this case, the trader ends up with a net loss of $1 per share ($48 - $50 + $1). The dividend amount is fixed, but the potential loss amount is not. ## Real-World Example of Dividend Capture ### Microsoft On Feb. 19, 2020, Microsoft ([MSFT](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MSFT)) went ex-dividend after declaring a $0.51 dividend. The stock closed at $187.23 the day before the ex-dividend date. Shares could have been purchased at this price or below. Holding shares before the ex-dividend date entitles the trader to the $0.51 dividend. The following day the stock opened at $188.06. The trader could immediately sell their holdings, locking in a $0.83 profit on the shares, on top of the $0.51 dividend. It is worth noting that MSFT was in a strong uptrend at the time. ### Delta Air Lines On the same day, Delta Air Lines ([DAL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DAL)) went ex-dividend. The company declared a $0.4025 dividend per share. The stock closed the prior day at $58.72. The next morning, the ex-dividend day, the stock opened at $58.49. The trader could sell at this price for a $0.23 loss on the shares, but also receive the dividend of $0.4025, for a net profit of $0.1725 per share. The stock, though, was in a [choppy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/choppymarket.asp) and trendless period at this time.
What Is Dividend Capture? The term dividend capture refers to an investment strategy that focuses on buying and selling dividend-paying stocks. It is a timing-oriented strategy used by an investor who buys a stock just before its ex-dividend or reinvestment date to capture the dividend. The investor then sells it on or after the ex-dividend date at or above the purchase price. The purpose of the strategy is to receive the dividend, as opposed to just selling the stock at a profit. Key Takeaways Dividend capture involves buying a stock before the ex-dividend date to earn the dividend, then sell it on or after the ex-dividend date.A stock should drop by the dividend amount on the ex-dividend date, which still nets the investor a profit.Traders can capture net profits if the price of the stock drops less than the dividend amount or rises above the purchase price.This doesn't always happen, as there are different factors that affect share prices, including demand. Understanding Dividend Capture A dividend capture strategy is generally used on stocks that pay a sizable dividend to make the strategy worthwhile. It is also used on stocks with high trading volume. This strategy takes advantage of regular cash infusions that result from dividends. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to this strategy. As mentioned above, some investors purchase shares in dividend-paying stocks just before the ex-dividend date and sell it on that date. Others may choose to hold onto their shares for a day or two before selling them. The purpose of this strategy is to make a profit by selling the stock at or above the amount of purchase. This can also happen if the stock's price drops down by less than the amount of the dividend since that capital is allocated to shareholders and is no longer part of the value of the company. But this doesn't always play out that way because share prices don't necessarily drop by just the price of the dividend. There are a number of factors that shape a company's share price. And the dividend is just one thing that can affect the price. Demand can also weigh in on share prices. You don't need to be a long-term holder of a stock in order to collect a dividend payment. Special Considerations Stocks under heavy accumulation are less likely to see a reduction in stock price on the ex-dividend date. A stock in a strong uptrend is also more likely to appreciate, potentially resulting in a dividend plus a profit on the stock sale. The flip side is that stocks in downtrends may fall more than expected on and after the ex-dividend date. As a result, a trader may opt to exit the stock at a more profitable time, instead of on the ex-dividend date. For example, an investor may wait for a better selling opportunity by holding the stock for a few extra days. The downside of this is the share price could continue to fall. Criticism of Dividend Capture Under most circumstances, the dividend capture strategy doesn't produce a tax advantage. The dividend returns are taxed at the investor's ordinary tax rate. That's because the trade is not held long enough to benefit from the favorable tax treatment on dividends that a longer-term investor would receive. However, the tax treatment of the strategy is not an issue if the strategy is employed in a tax-advantaged account, such as an individual retirement account (IRA). Transaction costs also need to be accounted for by investors. With various major companies paying dividends almost every day, this could be a very active strategy. The more active the strategy, the more trading commissions are paid. However, with some brokers moving to a no-commission trading model, the odds of successfully using certain active strategies increases. Example of Dividend Capture Let's assume a $50 stock pays investors a $1 dividend. The stock should open at $49 on the ex-dividend date. In a rising market, it opens the next morning at $49.75 or even $50.20. In either case, the dividend capture investor can sell the stock and make a net profit. They receive $1 per share in dividends and only take a $0.50 loss (at $49.50) on the stock. If the stock were to open at $50.20 (possibly because the broader market is up significantly), the trader nets $1.20 per share. But there are risks. The price of the stock could also open lower than expected, say at $48. In this case, the trader ends up with a net loss of $1 per share ($48 - $50 + $1). The dividend amount is fixed, but the potential loss amount is not. Real-World Example of Dividend Capture Microsoft On Feb. 19, 2020, Microsoft (MSFT) went ex-dividend after declaring a $0.51 dividend. The stock closed at $187.23 the day before the ex-dividend date. Shares could have been purchased at this price or below. Holding shares before the ex-dividend date entitles the trader to the $0.51 dividend. The following day the stock opened at $188.06. The trader could immediately sell their holdings, locking in a $0.83 profit on the shares, on top of the $0.51 dividend. It is worth noting that MSFT was in a strong uptrend at the time. Delta Air Lines On the same day, Delta Air Lines (DAL) went ex-dividend. The company declared a $0.4025 dividend per share. The stock closed the prior day at $58.72. The next morning, the ex-dividend day, the stock opened at $58.49. The trader could sell at this price for a $0.23 loss on the shares, but also receive the dividend of $0.4025, for a net profit of $0.1725 per share. The stock, though, was in a choppy and trendless period at this time.
[ [ "investment strategy", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentstrategy.asp" ], [ "dividend-paying stocks", "https://www.investopedia.com/dividend-stocks-4689744" ], [ "ex-dividend", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ex-dividend.asp" ], [ "dividend", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp" ], [ "volume", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume.asp" ], [ "profit", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profit.asp" ], [ "capital", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital.asp" ], [ "Demand", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demand.asp" ], [ "uptrend", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/uptrend.asp" ], [ "downtrends", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/downtrend.asp" ], [ "tax rate", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxrate.asp" ], [ "individual retirement account", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp" ], [ "commissions", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp" ], [ "market", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market.asp" ], [ "risks", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp" ], [ "MSFT", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=MSFT" ], [ "DAL", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=DAL" ], [ "choppy", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/choppymarket.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/spacs-look-like-a-bubble-within-a-bubble-5105202
SPACs Look Like a Bubble Within a Bubble
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> While we have talked about <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/the-ipo-market-is-getting-weird-and-weve-been-here-before-5094348" rel="noopener noreferrer">the general froth</a> in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">initial public offering</a> (IPO) market, it is time to focus on one of the major drivers – <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spac.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">special-purpose acquisition companies</a> (SPACs). SPAC IPOs accounted for over half of all IPOs in 2020<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> and are already set to make up a majority in quarter one of 2021. This is a cause for worry in the market and, more importantly, for investors who may get caught bearing the real costs of a SPAC. We'll look at the why and how of SPACs, as well as why the odds seem tilted against individual investors realizing a good return. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>The IPO market has been frothy of late, with tech offerings seeing huge jumps in first-day trading.</li> <li>Within this IPO market, SPACs are making up a larger share of new offerings. This means that more and more money is hitting the market with a plan to find something to buy.</li> <li>SPACs give creators and sponsors structural advantages that later investors don't have, making the decision for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retailinvestor.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">retail investors</a> to invest in them even more risky. (And that is saying a lot considering SPACs are essentially a pile of money with no set strategic plan beyond "find something to buy before time runs out.")</li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-spacs-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How SPACs Work </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Special purpose acquisition company is a formal way of referring to what was commonly known as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blankcheckcompany.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">blank check company</a>. These companies used to form without a business plan for the purpose of buying up or merging with a private company that wasn't currently trading publicly. Blank check companies were strongly associated with the world of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pennystock.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">penny stocks</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pumpanddump.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">pump-and-dump schemes</a>. More recently, however, they have grown immensely in size and press coverage. As the companies staying private have grown larger <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/roblox-chooses-direct-listing-over-ipo-madness-5101253" rel="noopener noreferrer">through more funding rounds</a>, the SPACs seeking them out have similarly grown to make acquiring a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unicorn.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">unicorn type company</a> plausible. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> SPACs are still just a pile of publicly listed cash and a group of people looking to find a private company to buy and take public. They offer an alternative route to the market other than an IPO or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/difference-between-ipo-and-direct-listing/" rel="noopener noreferrer">direct listing</a>. If they don't find a target within the set time period, SPACs can seek an extension or return their capital to shareholders. Moreover, investors who don't like the proposed deal also have a redemption right to get their money back in advance. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Although it is not required that SPACs have influential figures tied to them, the recent trend is for SPACs to grab a mix of celebrity and known executives to create even more buzz. This is why you are seeing Shaquille O'Neal<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> and Alex Rodriguez<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> helping to usher SPACs into the market. This is also a sign that SPACs are firmly in the mainstream now rather than relegated to shadier corners of the market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-inlinevideo mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo mntl-block has-details inline-video" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video-container mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video-container_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video mntl-jwplayer mm-video lazyload aspectratio-16:9" data-bgset="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/ASyISTZf/poster.jpg?width=720" data-sizes="auto" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video_1-0"></div></div> <h4 class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__title mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__title_1-0">Click Play to Learn How Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Work</h4> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link-wrapper mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link-wrapper_1-0"><span class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link mntl-text-link" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link_1-0"></span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-a-company-would-merge-with-a-spac"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why a Company Would Merge With a SPAC </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Private companies obviously have their reasons for agreeing to merge with a SPAC. SPACs have already done the hard part of the IPO process for potential acquisition targets, raising money and issuing shares. When a company is identified for purchase, SPACs can further leverage their cash by taking on debt or even assuming debt already held by the target. This means that the company can work out a deal privately with the SPAC management team and then see its shares float publicly in very short order. Going public via SPAC is faster than an IPO, results in less public scrutiny of the firm being acquired, and even allows the firm involved to continue talking up the stock, unlike the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quietperiod.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">quiet period</a> around an IPO.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-spacs-affect-investors"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How SPACs Affect Investors </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> SPACs have a bit of a built-in advantage for their creators. The organizers of the SPAC put up money to tide the SPAC over until it goes public to raise the bulk of its capital. In return for this seed money, the creators usually come out of the IPO with 20% of the equity in the SPAC. This helps the creators supercharge their own returns, even if the performance of the SPAC shares struggles after the merger/acquisition. If the company the SPAC buys does well, the creators do that much better than the public investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> While most investors understand that the creators of the SPAC have an advantage, there are further nuances that <em>The Wall Street Journal</em> did an excellent job analyzing. Large investors that help sponsor SPAC IPOs are often buying units that contain a share and a right or a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warrant.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">warrant</a>. These investors can then redeem the share and keep the warrant to exercise, cutting their downside risk while leaving the door open to large future returns. This puts them at an advantage over an investor intending to buy and hold the SPAC shares, as this latter group also gets hit by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dilution.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">dilution</a> through the exercise of warrants and rights.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-spacs-and-the-makings-of-a-bubble"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> SPACs and the Makings of a Bubble </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> We are at a time when even scrutinized and established companies undergoing IPOs in certain sectors (read: technology) are experiencing bubble-like run-ups in first-day trading. SPACs are like a bubble within that bubble, as many of them have targeted tech in the broad sense as their area for acquisition. In this euphoria for electric vehicles, media companies, platforms, and so on, some of these SPACs will turn out to be good investments in the near term for their post-IPO investors (and excellent for creators and sponsors). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Unfortunately, the explosion in the number of SPACs hitting the market means that a lot of dollars are chasing deals of significant size in the same industries. This will inevitably mean that standards will slip and that weaker companies will be brought to market. Eventually, companies going public through SPACs will struggle to ever match the value of cash injected into them, let alone a return on top of that. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> The celebrity connections, the general IPO madness, and the noted success of a small fraction of the wave of SPACs hitting the market have made them more enticing to investors than they ever have been before. While SPACs can be profitable for the sponsors and useful for the target company looking for a less expensive and restrictive way to go public, the odds are structurally stacked against post-IPO investors without warrants. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> These stacked odds will likely get worse as the M&amp;A frenzy on a deadline results in SPACs reaching further down the start-up cycle to pull companies into the public eye long before they are ready for it. Where the bottom of the barrel is and when it will be reached is hard to say, but investors should approach SPACs with the same caution they would if these entities were still dealing primarily in penny stocks. </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
While we have talked about [the general froth](https://www.investopedia.com/the-ipo-market-is-getting-weird-and-weve-been-here-before-5094348) in the [initial public offering](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp) (IPO) market, it is time to focus on one of the major drivers – [special-purpose acquisition companies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spac.asp) (SPACs). SPAC IPOs accounted for over half of all IPOs in 2020 and are already set to make up a majority in quarter one of 2021. This is a cause for worry in the market and, more importantly, for investors who may get caught bearing the real costs of a SPAC. We'll look at the why and how of SPACs, as well as why the odds seem tilted against individual investors realizing a good return. ### Key Takeaways * The IPO market has been frothy of late, with tech offerings seeing huge jumps in first-day trading. * Within this IPO market, SPACs are making up a larger share of new offerings. This means that more and more money is hitting the market with a plan to find something to buy. * SPACs give creators and sponsors structural advantages that later investors don't have, making the decision for [retail investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retailinvestor.asp) to invest in them even more risky. (And that is saying a lot considering SPACs are essentially a pile of money with no set strategic plan beyond "find something to buy before time runs out.") ## How SPACs Work Special purpose acquisition company is a formal way of referring to what was commonly known as a [blank check company](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blankcheckcompany.asp). These companies used to form without a business plan for the purpose of buying up or merging with a private company that wasn't currently trading publicly. Blank check companies were strongly associated with the world of [penny stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pennystock.asp) and [pump-and-dump schemes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pumpanddump.asp). More recently, however, they have grown immensely in size and press coverage. As the companies staying private have grown larger [through more funding rounds](https://www.investopedia.com/roblox-chooses-direct-listing-over-ipo-madness-5101253), the SPACs seeking them out have similarly grown to make acquiring a [unicorn type company](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unicorn.asp) plausible. SPACs are still just a pile of publicly listed cash and a group of people looking to find a private company to buy and take public. They offer an alternative route to the market other than an IPO or [direct listing](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/difference-between-ipo-and-direct-listing/). If they don't find a target within the set time period, SPACs can seek an extension or return their capital to shareholders. Moreover, investors who don't like the proposed deal also have a redemption right to get their money back in advance. Although it is not required that SPACs have influential figures tied to them, the recent trend is for SPACs to grab a mix of celebrity and known executives to create even more buzz. This is why you are seeing Shaquille O'Neal and Alex Rodriguez helping to usher SPACs into the market. This is also a sign that SPACs are firmly in the mainstream now rather than relegated to shadier corners of the market. #### Click Play to Learn How Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Work ## Why a Company Would Merge With a SPAC Private companies obviously have their reasons for agreeing to merge with a SPAC. SPACs have already done the hard part of the IPO process for potential acquisition targets, raising money and issuing shares. When a company is identified for purchase, SPACs can further leverage their cash by taking on debt or even assuming debt already held by the target. This means that the company can work out a deal privately with the SPAC management team and then see its shares float publicly in very short order. Going public via SPAC is faster than an IPO, results in less public scrutiny of the firm being acquired, and even allows the firm involved to continue talking up the stock, unlike the [quiet period](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quietperiod.asp) around an IPO.  ## How SPACs Affect Investors SPACs have a bit of a built-in advantage for their creators. The organizers of the SPAC put up money to tide the SPAC over until it goes public to raise the bulk of its capital. In return for this seed money, the creators usually come out of the IPO with 20% of the equity in the SPAC. This helps the creators supercharge their own returns, even if the performance of the SPAC shares struggles after the merger/acquisition. If the company the SPAC buys does well, the creators do that much better than the public investors. While most investors understand that the creators of the SPAC have an advantage, there are further nuances that *The Wall Street Journal* did an excellent job analyzing. Large investors that help sponsor SPAC IPOs are often buying units that contain a share and a right or a [warrant](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warrant.asp). These investors can then redeem the share and keep the warrant to exercise, cutting their downside risk while leaving the door open to large future returns. This puts them at an advantage over an investor intending to buy and hold the SPAC shares, as this latter group also gets hit by [dilution](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dilution.asp) through the exercise of warrants and rights. ## SPACs and the Makings of a Bubble We are at a time when even scrutinized and established companies undergoing IPOs in certain sectors (read: technology) are experiencing bubble-like run-ups in first-day trading. SPACs are like a bubble within that bubble, as many of them have targeted tech in the broad sense as their area for acquisition. In this euphoria for electric vehicles, media companies, platforms, and so on, some of these SPACs will turn out to be good investments in the near term for their post-IPO investors (and excellent for creators and sponsors). Unfortunately, the explosion in the number of SPACs hitting the market means that a lot of dollars are chasing deals of significant size in the same industries. This will inevitably mean that standards will slip and that weaker companies will be brought to market. Eventually, companies going public through SPACs will struggle to ever match the value of cash injected into them, let alone a return on top of that. ## The Bottom Line The celebrity connections, the general IPO madness, and the noted success of a small fraction of the wave of SPACs hitting the market have made them more enticing to investors than they ever have been before. While SPACs can be profitable for the sponsors and useful for the target company looking for a less expensive and restrictive way to go public, the odds are structurally stacked against post-IPO investors without warrants. These stacked odds will likely get worse as the M&A frenzy on a deadline results in SPACs reaching further down the start-up cycle to pull companies into the public eye long before they are ready for it. Where the bottom of the barrel is and when it will be reached is hard to say, but investors should approach SPACs with the same caution they would if these entities were still dealing primarily in penny stocks. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
While we have talked about the general froth in the initial public offering (IPO) market, it is time to focus on one of the major drivers – special-purpose acquisition companies (SPACs). SPAC IPOs accounted for over half of all IPOs in 2020 and are already set to make up a majority in quarter one of 2021. This is a cause for worry in the market and, more importantly, for investors who may get caught bearing the real costs of a SPAC. We'll look at the why and how of SPACs, as well as why the odds seem tilted against individual investors realizing a good return. Key Takeaways The IPO market has been frothy of late, with tech offerings seeing huge jumps in first-day trading. Within this IPO market, SPACs are making up a larger share of new offerings. This means that more and more money is hitting the market with a plan to find something to buy. SPACs give creators and sponsors structural advantages that later investors don't have, making the decision for retail investors to invest in them even more risky. (And that is saying a lot considering SPACs are essentially a pile of money with no set strategic plan beyond "find something to buy before time runs out.") How SPACs Work Special purpose acquisition company is a formal way of referring to what was commonly known as a blank check company. These companies used to form without a business plan for the purpose of buying up or merging with a private company that wasn't currently trading publicly. Blank check companies were strongly associated with the world of penny stocks and pump-and-dump schemes. More recently, however, they have grown immensely in size and press coverage. As the companies staying private have grown larger through more funding rounds, the SPACs seeking them out have similarly grown to make acquiring a unicorn type company plausible. SPACs are still just a pile of publicly listed cash and a group of people looking to find a private company to buy and take public. They offer an alternative route to the market other than an IPO or direct listing. If they don't find a target within the set time period, SPACs can seek an extension or return their capital to shareholders. Moreover, investors who don't like the proposed deal also have a redemption right to get their money back in advance. Although it is not required that SPACs have influential figures tied to them, the recent trend is for SPACs to grab a mix of celebrity and known executives to create even more buzz. This is why you are seeing Shaquille O'Neal and Alex Rodriguez helping to usher SPACs into the market. This is also a sign that SPACs are firmly in the mainstream now rather than relegated to shadier corners of the market. Click Play to Learn How Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Work Why a Company Would Merge With a SPAC Private companies obviously have their reasons for agreeing to merge with a SPAC. SPACs have already done the hard part of the IPO process for potential acquisition targets, raising money and issuing shares. When a company is identified for purchase, SPACs can further leverage their cash by taking on debt or even assuming debt already held by the target. This means that the company can work out a deal privately with the SPAC management team and then see its shares float publicly in very short order. Going public via SPAC is faster than an IPO, results in less public scrutiny of the firm being acquired, and even allows the firm involved to continue talking up the stock, unlike the quiet period around an IPO.  How SPACs Affect Investors SPACs have a bit of a built-in advantage for their creators. The organizers of the SPAC put up money to tide the SPAC over until it goes public to raise the bulk of its capital. In return for this seed money, the creators usually come out of the IPO with 20% of the equity in the SPAC. This helps the creators supercharge their own returns, even if the performance of the SPAC shares struggles after the merger/acquisition. If the company the SPAC buys does well, the creators do that much better than the public investors. While most investors understand that the creators of the SPAC have an advantage, there are further nuances that The Wall Street Journal did an excellent job analyzing. Large investors that help sponsor SPAC IPOs are often buying units that contain a share and a right or a warrant. These investors can then redeem the share and keep the warrant to exercise, cutting their downside risk while leaving the door open to large future returns. This puts them at an advantage over an investor intending to buy and hold the SPAC shares, as this latter group also gets hit by dilution through the exercise of warrants and rights. SPACs and the Makings of a Bubble We are at a time when even scrutinized and established companies undergoing IPOs in certain sectors (read: technology) are experiencing bubble-like run-ups in first-day trading. SPACs are like a bubble within that bubble, as many of them have targeted tech in the broad sense as their area for acquisition. In this euphoria for electric vehicles, media companies, platforms, and so on, some of these SPACs will turn out to be good investments in the near term for their post-IPO investors (and excellent for creators and sponsors). Unfortunately, the explosion in the number of SPACs hitting the market means that a lot of dollars are chasing deals of significant size in the same industries. This will inevitably mean that standards will slip and that weaker companies will be brought to market. Eventually, companies going public through SPACs will struggle to ever match the value of cash injected into them, let alone a return on top of that. The Bottom Line The celebrity connections, the general IPO madness, and the noted success of a small fraction of the wave of SPACs hitting the market have made them more enticing to investors than they ever have been before. While SPACs can be profitable for the sponsors and useful for the target company looking for a less expensive and restrictive way to go public, the odds are structurally stacked against post-IPO investors without warrants. These stacked odds will likely get worse as the M&A frenzy on a deadline results in SPACs reaching further down the start-up cycle to pull companies into the public eye long before they are ready for it. Where the bottom of the barrel is and when it will be reached is hard to say, but investors should approach SPACs with the same caution they would if these entities were still dealing primarily in penny stocks. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "the general froth", "https://www.investopedia.com/the-ipo-market-is-getting-weird-and-weve-been-here-before-5094348" ], [ "initial public offering", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asp" ], [ "special-purpose acquisition companies", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spac.asp" ], [ "retail investors", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retailinvestor.asp" ], [ "blank check company", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blankcheckcompany.asp" ], [ "penny stocks", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pennystock.asp" ], [ "pump-and-dump schemes", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pumpanddump.asp" ], [ "through more funding rounds", "https://www.investopedia.com/roblox-chooses-direct-listing-over-ipo-madness-5101253" ], [ "unicorn type company", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unicorn.asp" ], [ "direct listing", "https://www.investopedia.com/investing/difference-between-ipo-and-direct-listing/" ], [ "quiet period", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quietperiod.asp" ], [ "warrant", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/warrant.asp" ], [ "dilution", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dilution.asp" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/relative-rotation-graph-8418457
Relative Rotation Graph: How to Use RRG Charts in Trading
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> The relative rotation graph (RRG) is a sophisticated tool in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/technicalanalysis.asp">technical analysis</a> to help investors decide which sectors, individual stocks, and other assets to pursue. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp">Investors</a> can use it to visually compare the performance and momentum of securities and asset classes against a benchmark. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> RRGs plot assets on a two-dimensional graph, with the x-axis representing the relative strength ratio and the y-axis for relative strength momentum. This format enables <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp">traders</a> and investors to visually assess the relative strength and trend line of different securities, making it valuable for trading, rotation, and asset allocation strategies.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>The relative rotation graph (RRG) is a chart used in technical analysis to test the performance and momentum of securities or asset classes against a benchmark.</li> <li>RRGs provide a comprehensive view of the market, helping investors to spot trends, compare multiple securities simultaneously, and make more informed decisions when rebalancing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp">portfolios</a>.</li> <li>RRGs should be used with other forms of analysis since they are a partial view of the market.</li> <li>Several tools and resources are available to create and analyze RRGs, ranging from professional-grade software from Bloomberg and Optuma to more accessible platforms like StockCharts.com.</li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-relative-rotation-graph"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Relative Rotation Graph? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> RRGs are used to identify which <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp">stocks</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sector.asp">sectors</a> are underperforming and outperforming a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketindex.asp">market index</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/benchmark.asp">benchmark</a>. The RRG has four quadrants: leading, weakening, lagging, and improving.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Each quadrant is for different stages of an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset.asp">asset</a>’s performance cycle, providing insights into the rotation of market leadership. This movement of securities through the quadrants helps to spot trends and potential reversals and could provide investors with a strategic advantage in both short- and long-term trading.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> RRGs were created by Julius de Kempenaer in the early 1990s to visualize the relative performance of stocks and other securities against a benchmark and each other. De Kempenaer’s work has been valuable for helping investors make more informed decisions about trading, rotation, and asset allocation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> RRGs are an excellent visual way of analyzing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/technical/03/060303.asp">market trends</a> and relative performance. However, like all technical tools, they should be used with other techniques for a more comprehensive approach to trading and investing.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-parts-of-the-relative-rotation-graph"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the Parts of the Relative Rotation Graph </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> The key elements of the RRG and how they indicate relative strength and momentum are as follows:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <li><strong>Axes</strong>: The x-axis is the relative strength ratio. This axis measures the performance of a security relative to a benchmark (hence, the strength is “relative”). A value more than 100 indicates <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outperform.asp">outperformance</a>, while a value less than 100 indicates <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underperform.asp">underperformance</a>. The y-axis represents the momentum of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/relativestrength.asp">relative strength</a>. This axis shows the rate of change in the relative performance. It is essentially the momentum of the relative strength ratio.</li> <li><strong>Top right quadrant</strong>: The top right quadrant in the RRG is the leading quadrant. Securities in this quadrant are outperforming the benchmark, and their momentum is positive. This indicates strong and improving performance.</li> <li><strong>Bottom right quadrant</strong>: The bottom right quadrant is the weakening quadrant. Here, securities are still outperforming the benchmark, but their momentum is decreasing. Being here suggests that while they are strong, they might be losing their edge.</li> <li><strong>Bottom left quadrant</strong>: This is the lagging quadrant. Securities in this area are underperforming the benchmark with negative momentum. It is a sign of weakness.</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li><strong>Top left quadrant</strong>: This is the improving quadrant. This quadrant contains securities that are underperforming the benchmark but show increasing momentum. Being here suggests the potential for a turnaround.</li> <li><strong>Data points and movement</strong>: Each security or asset is represented as a data point on the graph. The position of a data point within the graph indicates its relative strength and momentum. The movement of these data points is tracked over time, usually in a clockwise direction through the quadrants, which illustrates the evolution of their relative performance.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> RRGs help investors spot trends and compare several securities at once. However, RRGs should be used with other forms of analysis since they provide a relative, not absolute, view.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-interpret-relative-rotation-graphs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Interpret Relative Rotation Graphs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Interpreting RRGs involve analyzing the patterns and movements of securities on this chart to identify market leaders, laggards, and potential rotation opportunities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.5%;"> <img alt="Weekly Relative Rotation Graph of Magnificent Seven Stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/67rhr8ODBe-h3c4bKFBwkGXe4DQ=/653x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WeeklyRRGofMagnificent7Stocks-bd07b75dba1d4da9ac5da9d207da3bc4.JPG" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/VBa05K0eLYuEGEu7rW0BNx6limg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WeeklyRRGofMagnificent7Stocks-bd07b75dba1d4da9ac5da9d207da3bc4.JPG" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ajlrgHDX5y9zktK2fySNmvfGPYo=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WeeklyRRGofMagnificent7Stocks-bd07b75dba1d4da9ac5da9d207da3bc4.JPG 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="441" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="653"/> <noscript> <img alt="Weekly Relative Rotation Graph of Magnificent Seven Stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="441" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/VBa05K0eLYuEGEu7rW0BNx6limg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WeeklyRRGofMagnificent7Stocks-bd07b75dba1d4da9ac5da9d207da3bc4.JPG" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ajlrgHDX5y9zktK2fySNmvfGPYo=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WeeklyRRGofMagnificent7Stocks-bd07b75dba1d4da9ac5da9d207da3bc4.JPG 750w" width="653"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">Weekly relative rotation graph of magnificent seven stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>StockCharts.com</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Movements and Patterns in RRGs </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Securities in the RRG generally move clockwise through the four quadrants. This rotation reflects the natural ebb and flow of securities’ relative strength and momentum relative to a benchmark. In addition, the further a security is from the center, the stronger its relative strength or weakness is compared with the benchmark. A security far out in the leading or lagging quadrant has a strong trend, whether positive or negative.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> The speed at which a security moves through the quadrants can indicate the stability of its trend. Rapid movements might suggest more volatile or less stable trends. Indeed, many RRGs show tails behind the data points, representing their historical path. Longer tails provide more context on historical performance and trend stability.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Identifying Market Leaders and Laggards </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Securities in the leading quadrant are outperforming the benchmark with positive momentum and are considered <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-leader.asp">market leaders</a>. A security with a presence or movement deeper into this quadrant suggests a strong and stable outperformance. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> Meanwhile, securities in the lagging quadrant are underperforming and have negative momentum. These are the laggards of the market. A security that is continuously in or moving deeper into this quadrant has a strong downtrend relative to the benchmark. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.8%;"> <img alt="Monthly U.S. Sector Rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/qP9at7ih9YKs5-tHBHoRiISSuVY=/653x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MonthlyUSSectorRotationStocks-b45763a8f0fe4db4a96cbbe48421e1cc.JPG" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5u-vfEB0zfHRes_DGZBZAE_Y_WU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MonthlyUSSectorRotationStocks-b45763a8f0fe4db4a96cbbe48421e1cc.JPG" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/f-iLNlsxCknGlcttIUpg5jc5DIA=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MonthlyUSSectorRotationStocks-b45763a8f0fe4db4a96cbbe48421e1cc.JPG 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="443" id="mntl-sc-block-image_2-0" width="653"/> <noscript> <img alt="Monthly U.S. Sector Rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="443" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5u-vfEB0zfHRes_DGZBZAE_Y_WU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MonthlyUSSectorRotationStocks-b45763a8f0fe4db4a96cbbe48421e1cc.JPG" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/f-iLNlsxCknGlcttIUpg5jc5DIA=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MonthlyUSSectorRotationStocks-b45763a8f0fe4db4a96cbbe48421e1cc.JPG 750w" width="653"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_2-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">Monthly U.S. sector rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>StockCharts.com</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Identifying Rotational Opportunities </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> A security moving from the improving quadrant into the leading quadrant can be an opportunity. This shift indicates a security is starting to outperform the benchmark with increasing momentum. Similarly, a security moving from the weakening to the lagging quadrant suggests that its previous outperformance is deteriorating, and it is now starting to underperform. This could signal a selling opportunity or a warning to avoid new investments.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> Meanwhile, a move from lagging to improving suggests that a security is beginning to reverse its underperformance. This indicates an early stage of recovery, a potential buying opportunity for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/08/contrarian-investing.asp">contrarian</a> investors. Also, securities shifting from leading to weakening are still outperforming but are losing momentum. This could be a signal to take the profits or closely watch the situation to see if it continues to lose steam.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Using Relative Rotation Graphs with Other Technical Tools </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> RRGs can be more effective when put together with other charts in the technical analyst’s toolkit. For example, once an RRG helps determine which sectors or stocks are showing relative strength, you can review stocks in those sectors in greater depth. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/candlestick.asp">Candlestick patterns</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume-analysis.asp">volume analysis</a> can give more details on the trading behavior for specific stocks, cluing you in about potential reversals in price trends. Indicators like moving averages, the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and Bollinger Bands can also be used to assess the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/momentum.asp">momentum</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> of these stocks, helping you decide on entries and exits.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> In addition, the RRG’s ability to depict sector rotation can provide great help for those using a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/topdowninvesting.asp">top-down investment</a> approach. When showing the sectors moving into the leading quadrant, you might allocate more to sectors poised for growth and reduce your exposure to those going into the lagging quadrant. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> This sector rotation strategy can be particularly useful during different phases of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-cycle.asp">economic cycle</a>, as certain sectors tend to do better than others based on economic conditions. This then points to how <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fundamentalanalysis.asp">fundamental analysis</a> can be used with the RRG for a fuller picture of particular sectors and their prospects.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-benefits-and-limitations-of-relative-rotation-graphs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Benefits and Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> RRGs offer several advantages and limitations when used in trading, analysis, and portfolio management. Understanding these can help make better use of them for investing. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> <h3 class="mntl-sc-block__comparison-list-heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__comparison-list-heading">Benefits and Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs</h3> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Benefits</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Easy visualization of market dynamics</p></li> <li><p>Comparison tool</p></li> <li><p>Helps identify trends</p></li> <li><p>Helps with timely decision making</p></li> <li><p>Complements other analysis</p></li> <li><p>Helps with deciding asset allocation</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Limitations</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Shows relative, not absolute rotation</p></li> <li><p>Lagging indicator</p></li> <li><p>Requires a benchmark</p></li> <li><p>Not a stand-alone tool</p></li> <li><p>Provides no indication of value</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Benefits of Relative Rotation Graphs </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> Here are some benefits of RRGs:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> <li><strong>Visualizing market dynamics</strong>: RRGs provide a clear, visual representation of the relative strength and momentum of various securities or sectors, making it easier to understand complex market moves.</li> <li><strong>Comparison tool</strong>: With RRGs, you can compare several securities simultaneously against a benchmark, which can be valuable for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp">portfolio diversification</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/05/020305.asp">sector rotation</a> strategies.</li> <li><strong>Identifying trends</strong>: RRGs help pick out leaders, laggards, and emerging trends by observing the movement of securities through different quadrants.</li> <li><strong>Timely decision making</strong>: The dynamic nature of RRGs aids investors in making timely decisions by highlighting changes in momentum and strength before they become evident through price movements alone.</li> <li><strong>Complementing other analyses</strong>: RRGs can be used alongside other technical, fundamental, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitativeanalysis.asp">quantitative analysis</a> tools, providing a more holistic view of the market.</li> <li><strong>Sector analysis and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetallocation.asp">asset allocation</a></strong>: RRGs are particularly useful for sector analysis and distributing assets since they help identify industries or asset classes likely to outperform or underperform.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> Here are some limitations of RRGs:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> <li><strong>Relative, not absolute, rotation</strong>: RRGs illustrate the performance relative to a benchmark, not the absolute performance. A security in the leading quadrant could still be losing value in a bear market.</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/laggingindicator.asp"><strong>Lagging indicator</strong></a>: RRGs inherently lag. They reflect past performance and trends, which may not always predict future movements.</li> <li><strong>Requires a benchmark</strong>: The effectiveness of RRGs depends on the choice of an appropriate benchmark, which can vary based on the assets.</li> <li><strong>Not a stand-alone tool</strong>: RRGs should not be used by themselves. They do not deliver insights into company fundamentals, macroeconomic conditions, or market sentiment.</li> <li><strong>No indication of value</strong>: RRGs do not provide information about the value of securities. A stock might be moving into the leading quadrant but still be overpriced.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> While RRGs are powerful for visualizing and analyzing market trends and relative performance, they are most effective when used as part of a broader, diversified approach to investment analysis and decision making. Understanding their limitations is crucial to avoid overestimating their relevance. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-differences-between-the-relative-rotation-graph-and-the-relative-strength-index"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Differences Between the Relative Rotation Graph and the Relative Strength Index </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> <h3 class="mntl-sc-block__comparison-list-heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__comparison-list-heading">Relative Rotation Graph vs. Relative Strength Index</h3> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Relative Rotation Graph (RRG)</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p><strong>Scope</strong>: The RRG is used to compare several securities against a benchmark.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Dimensions</strong>: The RRG provides a two-dimensional view.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Interpretation</strong>: The RRG is better for relative performance and identifying trends.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>: The RRG is typically used for asset allocation and sector rotation.</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Relative Strength Index (RSI)</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p><strong>Scope</strong>: The RSI is used for analyzing the price momentum of a single security.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Dimensions</strong>: The RSI is a one-dimensional oscillator.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Interpretation</strong>: The RSI illustrates momentum and potential price reversals.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Usage</strong>: The RSI is commonly used to identify potential entries and exits.</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> The RRG and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rsi.asp">Relative Strength Index (RSI)</a> are both used in technical analysis, but serve different purposes and provide different kinds of information. RRGs are used to compare several securities against a benchmark, while the RSI is used to analyze the price momentum of a single security. In addition, RRGs offer a two-dimensional view (strength and momentum), while the RSI is a one-dimensional oscillator (it constructs high and low bands and provides a trend indicator).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"> The RRG is best used for relative performance and identifying trends. Meanwhile, the RSI is best for ascertaining momentum and potential price reversals. Another set of differences is that the RRG is often used for asset allocation and sector rotation, while the RSI commonly helps identify potential entries and exits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> As such, the RRG is more for visualizing and comparing the relative strength and trends of multiple securities, and the RSI sets out the momentum of individual securities and can help identify when there are overbought or oversold conditions.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-resources-for-creating-relative-rotation-graphs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Resources for Creating Relative Rotation Graphs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> Making your RRGs requires specialized tools and resources, as these graphs involve complex calculations and dynamic visuals. Here are some great tools to use:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> <li><strong>RRG Research</strong>: Founded by Julius de Kempenaer, the creator of RRGs, the firm’s site provides tools and insights related to RRGs. The website offers educational resources, analysis, and access to RRGs.</li><li><strong>Bloomberg Professional Services Software</strong>: The Bloomberg Professional Services software, a leading financial data and analytics platform, offers RRG charts as part of its services. It provides functions for creating and customizing RRGs, making it a popular choice among professional investors and analysts.</li><li><strong>Refinitiv Eikon: </strong>This platform is another leading financial data and analytics provider that offers RRG charts as part of its services.</li><li><strong>StockCharts.com</strong>: This online platform offers various chart tools, including RRGs. It has a user-friendly interface for creating RRGs, suitable for professionals and individual investors.</li><li><strong>Optuma</strong>: Optuma is a professional-level technical analysis software that includes RRGs among its features. Known for its advanced analysis tools, Optuma caters to professional traders and analysts.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> The tool you choose depends on your needs, skill level, and access to resources. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-technical-analysis-indicators-work-well-with-relative-rotation-graphs"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which Technical Analysis Indicators Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Combining RRGs with other indicators can provide a more comprehensive view of the market and help refine investment strategies. Some indicators include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp">moving averages</a>, the RSI, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/macd.asp">moving average convergence/divergence</a>, <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bollingerbands.asp">Bollinger Bands</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/trading/support-and-resistance-basics/">support and resistance</a> levels, and other chart patterns.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-asset-groups-work-well-with-relative-rotation-graphs"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Asset Groups Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>RRGs are best used to analyze asset groups when relative performance is key. These can include equity sectors and industries, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), indexes, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032516/how-use-benchmark-evaluate-portfolio.asp">benchmarks</a>, fixed-income securities, commodities, and currencies. RRGs’ ability to compare several assets simultaneously makes them invaluable for a wide range of investment strategies, from picking individual stocks to deciding on broad asset allocations. However, like all financial and investment tools, they should be used as part of a broader, diversified approach to market analysis and not relied upon in isolation.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-benchmarks-work-well-with-relative-rotation-graphs"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which Benchmarks Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The benchmark chosen is critical in interpreting RRGs, setting the standard against which the other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/security.asp">securities</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetclasses.asp">asset classes</a> are measured. The benchmark to use depends on the type of assets being analyzed and the specific goals of the analysis.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> Some commonly used benchmarks include broad market, sector, fixed-income, commodity, regional, country-specific, currency, real estate, and thematic indexes.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-the-reliability-of-relative-rotation-graphs-be-improved"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Can the Reliability of Relative Rotation Graphs Be Improved?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Increasing the reliability of RRGs involves choosing the right benchmarks, using quality data, understanding the tool’s limitations, and integrating it with other forms of analysis. Regular reviews, adaptation to changing market conditions, and ongoing education are essential for effectively using RRGs in trading and investments.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> RRGs are vital for some types of technical analysis, offering a way to visualize the relative performance and momentum of different securities against a chosen benchmark. Its design, characterized by placing securities in four distinct quadrants—labeled leading, weakening, lagging, and improving—allows traders and investors to quickly grasp shifts in the market and identify assets gaining or losing strength against others. This makes RRGs particularly useful for strategies involving sector rotation, asset allocation, and portfolio diversification. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"> For traders, RRGs provide a strategic edge by enabling a clear understanding of various market segments’ relative trends and strengths. By integrating RRG analysis with other technical indicators and fundamental insights, traders can identify potential entry and exit points more effectively.<br> </br></p></div>
The relative rotation graph (RRG) is a sophisticated tool in [technical analysis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/technicalanalysis.asp) to help investors decide which sectors, individual stocks, and other assets to pursue. [Investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp) can use it to visually compare the performance and momentum of securities and asset classes against a benchmark. RRGs plot assets on a two-dimensional graph, with the x-axis representing the relative strength ratio and the y-axis for relative strength momentum. This format enables [traders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp) and investors to visually assess the relative strength and trend line of different securities, making it valuable for trading, rotation, and asset allocation strategies. ### Key Takeaways * The relative rotation graph (RRG) is a chart used in technical analysis to test the performance and momentum of securities or asset classes against a benchmark. * RRGs provide a comprehensive view of the market, helping investors to spot trends, compare multiple securities simultaneously, and make more informed decisions when rebalancing [portfolios](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp). * RRGs should be used with other forms of analysis since they are a partial view of the market. * Several tools and resources are available to create and analyze RRGs, ranging from professional-grade software from Bloomberg and Optuma to more accessible platforms like StockCharts.com. ## What Is a Relative Rotation Graph? RRGs are used to identify which [stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp) or [sectors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sector.asp) are underperforming and outperforming a [market index](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketindex.asp) or [benchmark](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/benchmark.asp). The RRG has four quadrants: leading, weakening, lagging, and improving. Each quadrant is for different stages of an [asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset.asp)’s performance cycle, providing insights into the rotation of market leadership. This movement of securities through the quadrants helps to spot trends and potential reversals and could provide investors with a strategic advantage in both short- and long-term trading. RRGs were created by Julius de Kempenaer in the early 1990s to visualize the relative performance of stocks and other securities against a benchmark and each other. De Kempenaer’s work has been valuable for helping investors make more informed decisions about trading, rotation, and asset allocation. RRGs are an excellent visual way of analyzing [market trends](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/technical/03/060303.asp) and relative performance. However, like all technical tools, they should be used with other techniques for a more comprehensive approach to trading and investing. ## Understanding the Parts of the Relative Rotation Graph The key elements of the RRG and how they indicate relative strength and momentum are as follows: * **Axes**: The x-axis is the relative strength ratio. This axis measures the performance of a security relative to a benchmark (hence, the strength is “relative”). A value more than 100 indicates [outperformance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outperform.asp), while a value less than 100 indicates [underperformance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underperform.asp). The y-axis represents the momentum of the [relative strength](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/relativestrength.asp). This axis shows the rate of change in the relative performance. It is essentially the momentum of the relative strength ratio. * **Top right quadrant**: The top right quadrant in the RRG is the leading quadrant. Securities in this quadrant are outperforming the benchmark, and their momentum is positive. This indicates strong and improving performance. * **Bottom right quadrant**: The bottom right quadrant is the weakening quadrant. Here, securities are still outperforming the benchmark, but their momentum is decreasing. Being here suggests that while they are strong, they might be losing their edge. * **Bottom left quadrant**: This is the lagging quadrant. Securities in this area are underperforming the benchmark with negative momentum. It is a sign of weakness. * **Top left quadrant**: This is the improving quadrant. This quadrant contains securities that are underperforming the benchmark but show increasing momentum. Being here suggests the potential for a turnaround. * **Data points and movement**: Each security or asset is represented as a data point on the graph. The position of a data point within the graph indicates its relative strength and momentum. The movement of these data points is tracked over time, usually in a clockwise direction through the quadrants, which illustrates the evolution of their relative performance. RRGs help investors spot trends and compare several securities at once. However, RRGs should be used with other forms of analysis since they provide a relative, not absolute, view. ## How to Interpret Relative Rotation Graphs Interpreting RRGs involve analyzing the patterns and movements of securities on this chart to identify market leaders, laggards, and potential rotation opportunities. ![Weekly Relative Rotation Graph of Magnificent Seven Stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023]() ![Weekly Relative Rotation Graph of Magnificent Seven Stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/VBa05K0eLYuEGEu7rW0BNx6limg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WeeklyRRGofMagnificent7Stocks-bd07b75dba1d4da9ac5da9d207da3bc4.JPG) Weekly relative rotation graph of magnificent seven stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023. StockCharts.com ### Movements and Patterns in RRGs Securities in the RRG generally move clockwise through the four quadrants. This rotation reflects the natural ebb and flow of securities’ relative strength and momentum relative to a benchmark. In addition, the further a security is from the center, the stronger its relative strength or weakness is compared with the benchmark. A security far out in the leading or lagging quadrant has a strong trend, whether positive or negative. The speed at which a security moves through the quadrants can indicate the stability of its trend. Rapid movements might suggest more volatile or less stable trends. Indeed, many RRGs show tails behind the data points, representing their historical path. Longer tails provide more context on historical performance and trend stability. ### Identifying Market Leaders and Laggards Securities in the leading quadrant are outperforming the benchmark with positive momentum and are considered [market leaders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-leader.asp). A security with a presence or movement deeper into this quadrant suggests a strong and stable outperformance. Meanwhile, securities in the lagging quadrant are underperforming and have negative momentum. These are the laggards of the market. A security that is continuously in or moving deeper into this quadrant has a strong downtrend relative to the benchmark. ![Monthly U.S. Sector Rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023]() ![Monthly U.S. Sector Rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5u-vfEB0zfHRes_DGZBZAE_Y_WU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MonthlyUSSectorRotationStocks-b45763a8f0fe4db4a96cbbe48421e1cc.JPG) Monthly U.S. sector rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023. StockCharts.com ### Identifying Rotational Opportunities A security moving from the improving quadrant into the leading quadrant can be an opportunity. This shift indicates a security is starting to outperform the benchmark with increasing momentum. Similarly, a security moving from the weakening to the lagging quadrant suggests that its previous outperformance is deteriorating, and it is now starting to underperform. This could signal a selling opportunity or a warning to avoid new investments. Meanwhile, a move from lagging to improving suggests that a security is beginning to reverse its underperformance. This indicates an early stage of recovery, a potential buying opportunity for [contrarian](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/08/contrarian-investing.asp) investors. Also, securities shifting from leading to weakening are still outperforming but are losing momentum. This could be a signal to take the profits or closely watch the situation to see if it continues to lose steam. ### Using Relative Rotation Graphs with Other Technical Tools RRGs can be more effective when put together with other charts in the technical analyst’s toolkit. For example, once an RRG helps determine which sectors or stocks are showing relative strength, you can review stocks in those sectors in greater depth. [Candlestick patterns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/candlestick.asp) and [volume analysis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume-analysis.asp) can give more details on the trading behavior for specific stocks, cluing you in about potential reversals in price trends. Indicators like moving averages, the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and Bollinger Bands can also be used to assess the [momentum](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/momentum.asp) and [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) of these stocks, helping you decide on entries and exits. In addition, the RRG’s ability to depict sector rotation can provide great help for those using a [top-down investment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/topdowninvesting.asp) approach. When showing the sectors moving into the leading quadrant, you might allocate more to sectors poised for growth and reduce your exposure to those going into the lagging quadrant. This sector rotation strategy can be particularly useful during different phases of the [economic cycle](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-cycle.asp), as certain sectors tend to do better than others based on economic conditions. This then points to how [fundamental analysis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fundamentalanalysis.asp) can be used with the RRG for a fuller picture of particular sectors and their prospects. ## Benefits and Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs RRGs offer several advantages and limitations when used in trading, analysis, and portfolio management. Understanding these can help make better use of them for investing. ### Benefits and Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs Benefits * Easy visualization of market dynamics * Comparison tool * Helps identify trends * Helps with timely decision making * Complements other analysis * Helps with deciding asset allocation Limitations * Shows relative, not absolute rotation * Lagging indicator * Requires a benchmark * Not a stand-alone tool * Provides no indication of value ### Benefits of Relative Rotation Graphs Here are some benefits of RRGs: * **Visualizing market dynamics**: RRGs provide a clear, visual representation of the relative strength and momentum of various securities or sectors, making it easier to understand complex market moves. * **Comparison tool**: With RRGs, you can compare several securities simultaneously against a benchmark, which can be valuable for [portfolio diversification](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp) and [sector rotation](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/05/020305.asp) strategies. * **Identifying trends**: RRGs help pick out leaders, laggards, and emerging trends by observing the movement of securities through different quadrants. * **Timely decision making**: The dynamic nature of RRGs aids investors in making timely decisions by highlighting changes in momentum and strength before they become evident through price movements alone. * **Complementing other analyses**: RRGs can be used alongside other technical, fundamental, and [quantitative analysis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitativeanalysis.asp) tools, providing a more holistic view of the market. * **Sector analysis and [asset allocation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetallocation.asp)**: RRGs are particularly useful for sector analysis and distributing assets since they help identify industries or asset classes likely to outperform or underperform. ### Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs Here are some limitations of RRGs: * **Relative, not absolute, rotation**: RRGs illustrate the performance relative to a benchmark, not the absolute performance. A security in the leading quadrant could still be losing value in a bear market. * [**Lagging indicator**](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/laggingindicator.asp): RRGs inherently lag. They reflect past performance and trends, which may not always predict future movements. * **Requires a benchmark**: The effectiveness of RRGs depends on the choice of an appropriate benchmark, which can vary based on the assets. * **Not a stand-alone tool**: RRGs should not be used by themselves. They do not deliver insights into company fundamentals, macroeconomic conditions, or market sentiment. * **No indication of value**: RRGs do not provide information about the value of securities. A stock might be moving into the leading quadrant but still be overpriced. While RRGs are powerful for visualizing and analyzing market trends and relative performance, they are most effective when used as part of a broader, diversified approach to investment analysis and decision making. Understanding their limitations is crucial to avoid overestimating their relevance. ## Differences Between the Relative Rotation Graph and the Relative Strength Index ### Relative Rotation Graph vs. Relative Strength Index Relative Rotation Graph (RRG) * **Scope**: The RRG is used to compare several securities against a benchmark. * **Dimensions**: The RRG provides a two-dimensional view. * **Interpretation**: The RRG is better for relative performance and identifying trends. * **Usage**: The RRG is typically used for asset allocation and sector rotation. Relative Strength Index (RSI) * **Scope**: The RSI is used for analyzing the price momentum of a single security. * **Dimensions**: The RSI is a one-dimensional oscillator. * **Interpretation**: The RSI illustrates momentum and potential price reversals. * **Usage**: The RSI is commonly used to identify potential entries and exits. The RRG and the [Relative Strength Index (RSI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rsi.asp) are both used in technical analysis, but serve different purposes and provide different kinds of information. RRGs are used to compare several securities against a benchmark, while the RSI is used to analyze the price momentum of a single security. In addition, RRGs offer a two-dimensional view (strength and momentum), while the RSI is a one-dimensional oscillator (it constructs high and low bands and provides a trend indicator). The RRG is best used for relative performance and identifying trends. Meanwhile, the RSI is best for ascertaining momentum and potential price reversals. Another set of differences is that the RRG is often used for asset allocation and sector rotation, while the RSI commonly helps identify potential entries and exits. As such, the RRG is more for visualizing and comparing the relative strength and trends of multiple securities, and the RSI sets out the momentum of individual securities and can help identify when there are overbought or oversold conditions. ## Resources for Creating Relative Rotation Graphs Making your RRGs requires specialized tools and resources, as these graphs involve complex calculations and dynamic visuals. Here are some great tools to use: * **RRG Research**: Founded by Julius de Kempenaer, the creator of RRGs, the firm’s site provides tools and insights related to RRGs. The website offers educational resources, analysis, and access to RRGs. * **Bloomberg Professional Services Software**: The Bloomberg Professional Services software, a leading financial data and analytics platform, offers RRG charts as part of its services. It provides functions for creating and customizing RRGs, making it a popular choice among professional investors and analysts. * **Refinitiv Eikon:** This platform is another leading financial data and analytics provider that offers RRG charts as part of its services. * **StockCharts.com**: This online platform offers various chart tools, including RRGs. It has a user-friendly interface for creating RRGs, suitable for professionals and individual investors. * **Optuma**: Optuma is a professional-level technical analysis software that includes RRGs among its features. Known for its advanced analysis tools, Optuma caters to professional traders and analysts. The tool you choose depends on your needs, skill level, and access to resources. ## Which Technical Analysis Indicators Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs? Combining RRGs with other indicators can provide a more comprehensive view of the market and help refine investment strategies. Some indicators include [moving averages](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp), the RSI, the [moving average convergence/divergence](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/macd.asp), [Bollinger Bands](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bollingerbands.asp), [support and resistance](https://www.investopedia.com/trading/support-and-resistance-basics/) levels, and other chart patterns. ## What Asset Groups Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs? RRGs are best used to analyze asset groups when relative performance is key. These can include equity sectors and industries, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), indexes, [benchmarks](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032516/how-use-benchmark-evaluate-portfolio.asp), fixed-income securities, commodities, and currencies. RRGs’ ability to compare several assets simultaneously makes them invaluable for a wide range of investment strategies, from picking individual stocks to deciding on broad asset allocations. However, like all financial and investment tools, they should be used as part of a broader, diversified approach to market analysis and not relied upon in isolation. ## Which Benchmarks Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs? The benchmark chosen is critical in interpreting RRGs, setting the standard against which the other [securities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/security.asp) or [asset classes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetclasses.asp) are measured. The benchmark to use depends on the type of assets being analyzed and the specific goals of the analysis. Some commonly used benchmarks include broad market, sector, fixed-income, commodity, regional, country-specific, currency, real estate, and thematic indexes. ## How Can the Reliability of Relative Rotation Graphs Be Improved? Increasing the reliability of RRGs involves choosing the right benchmarks, using quality data, understanding the tool’s limitations, and integrating it with other forms of analysis. Regular reviews, adaptation to changing market conditions, and ongoing education are essential for effectively using RRGs in trading and investments. ## The Bottom Line RRGs are vital for some types of technical analysis, offering a way to visualize the relative performance and momentum of different securities against a chosen benchmark. Its design, characterized by placing securities in four distinct quadrants—labeled leading, weakening, lagging, and improving—allows traders and investors to quickly grasp shifts in the market and identify assets gaining or losing strength against others. This makes RRGs particularly useful for strategies involving sector rotation, asset allocation, and portfolio diversification. For traders, RRGs provide a strategic edge by enabling a clear understanding of various market segments’ relative trends and strengths. By integrating RRG analysis with other technical indicators and fundamental insights, traders can identify potential entry and exit points more effectively.
The relative rotation graph (RRG) is a sophisticated tool in technical analysis to help investors decide which sectors, individual stocks, and other assets to pursue. Investors can use it to visually compare the performance and momentum of securities and asset classes against a benchmark. RRGs plot assets on a two-dimensional graph, with the x-axis representing the relative strength ratio and the y-axis for relative strength momentum. This format enables traders and investors to visually assess the relative strength and trend line of different securities, making it valuable for trading, rotation, and asset allocation strategies. Key Takeaways The relative rotation graph (RRG) is a chart used in technical analysis to test the performance and momentum of securities or asset classes against a benchmark. RRGs provide a comprehensive view of the market, helping investors to spot trends, compare multiple securities simultaneously, and make more informed decisions when rebalancing portfolios. RRGs should be used with other forms of analysis since they are a partial view of the market. Several tools and resources are available to create and analyze RRGs, ranging from professional-grade software from Bloomberg and Optuma to more accessible platforms like StockCharts.com. What Is a Relative Rotation Graph? RRGs are used to identify which stocks or sectors are underperforming and outperforming a market index or benchmark. The RRG has four quadrants: leading, weakening, lagging, and improving. Each quadrant is for different stages of an asset’s performance cycle, providing insights into the rotation of market leadership. This movement of securities through the quadrants helps to spot trends and potential reversals and could provide investors with a strategic advantage in both short- and long-term trading. RRGs were created by Julius de Kempenaer in the early 1990s to visualize the relative performance of stocks and other securities against a benchmark and each other. De Kempenaer’s work has been valuable for helping investors make more informed decisions about trading, rotation, and asset allocation. RRGs are an excellent visual way of analyzing market trends and relative performance. However, like all technical tools, they should be used with other techniques for a more comprehensive approach to trading and investing. Understanding the Parts of the Relative Rotation Graph The key elements of the RRG and how they indicate relative strength and momentum are as follows: Axes: The x-axis is the relative strength ratio. This axis measures the performance of a security relative to a benchmark (hence, the strength is “relative”). A value more than 100 indicates outperformance, while a value less than 100 indicates underperformance. The y-axis represents the momentum of the relative strength. This axis shows the rate of change in the relative performance. It is essentially the momentum of the relative strength ratio. Top right quadrant: The top right quadrant in the RRG is the leading quadrant. Securities in this quadrant are outperforming the benchmark, and their momentum is positive. This indicates strong and improving performance. Bottom right quadrant: The bottom right quadrant is the weakening quadrant. Here, securities are still outperforming the benchmark, but their momentum is decreasing. Being here suggests that while they are strong, they might be losing their edge. Bottom left quadrant: This is the lagging quadrant. Securities in this area are underperforming the benchmark with negative momentum. It is a sign of weakness. Top left quadrant: This is the improving quadrant. This quadrant contains securities that are underperforming the benchmark but show increasing momentum. Being here suggests the potential for a turnaround. Data points and movement: Each security or asset is represented as a data point on the graph. The position of a data point within the graph indicates its relative strength and momentum. The movement of these data points is tracked over time, usually in a clockwise direction through the quadrants, which illustrates the evolution of their relative performance. RRGs help investors spot trends and compare several securities at once. However, RRGs should be used with other forms of analysis since they provide a relative, not absolute, view. How to Interpret Relative Rotation Graphs Interpreting RRGs involve analyzing the patterns and movements of securities on this chart to identify market leaders, laggards, and potential rotation opportunities. Weekly relative rotation graph of magnificent seven stocks as of Dec. 18, 2023. StockCharts.com Movements and Patterns in RRGs Securities in the RRG generally move clockwise through the four quadrants. This rotation reflects the natural ebb and flow of securities’ relative strength and momentum relative to a benchmark. In addition, the further a security is from the center, the stronger its relative strength or weakness is compared with the benchmark. A security far out in the leading or lagging quadrant has a strong trend, whether positive or negative. The speed at which a security moves through the quadrants can indicate the stability of its trend. Rapid movements might suggest more volatile or less stable trends. Indeed, many RRGs show tails behind the data points, representing their historical path. Longer tails provide more context on historical performance and trend stability. Identifying Market Leaders and Laggards Securities in the leading quadrant are outperforming the benchmark with positive momentum and are considered market leaders. A security with a presence or movement deeper into this quadrant suggests a strong and stable outperformance. Meanwhile, securities in the lagging quadrant are underperforming and have negative momentum. These are the laggards of the market. A security that is continuously in or moving deeper into this quadrant has a strong downtrend relative to the benchmark. Monthly U.S. sector rotation as of Dec. 1, 2023. StockCharts.com Identifying Rotational Opportunities A security moving from the improving quadrant into the leading quadrant can be an opportunity. This shift indicates a security is starting to outperform the benchmark with increasing momentum. Similarly, a security moving from the weakening to the lagging quadrant suggests that its previous outperformance is deteriorating, and it is now starting to underperform. This could signal a selling opportunity or a warning to avoid new investments. Meanwhile, a move from lagging to improving suggests that a security is beginning to reverse its underperformance. This indicates an early stage of recovery, a potential buying opportunity for contrarian investors. Also, securities shifting from leading to weakening are still outperforming but are losing momentum. This could be a signal to take the profits or closely watch the situation to see if it continues to lose steam. Using Relative Rotation Graphs with Other Technical Tools RRGs can be more effective when put together with other charts in the technical analyst’s toolkit. For example, once an RRG helps determine which sectors or stocks are showing relative strength, you can review stocks in those sectors in greater depth. Candlestick patterns and volume analysis can give more details on the trading behavior for specific stocks, cluing you in about potential reversals in price trends. Indicators like moving averages, the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and Bollinger Bands can also be used to assess the momentum and volatility of these stocks, helping you decide on entries and exits. In addition, the RRG’s ability to depict sector rotation can provide great help for those using a top-down investment approach. When showing the sectors moving into the leading quadrant, you might allocate more to sectors poised for growth and reduce your exposure to those going into the lagging quadrant. This sector rotation strategy can be particularly useful during different phases of the economic cycle, as certain sectors tend to do better than others based on economic conditions. This then points to how fundamental analysis can be used with the RRG for a fuller picture of particular sectors and their prospects. Benefits and Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs RRGs offer several advantages and limitations when used in trading, analysis, and portfolio management. Understanding these can help make better use of them for investing. Benefits and Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs Benefits Easy visualization of market dynamics Comparison tool Helps identify trends Helps with timely decision making Complements other analysis Helps with deciding asset allocation Limitations Shows relative, not absolute rotation Lagging indicator Requires a benchmark Not a stand-alone tool Provides no indication of value Benefits of Relative Rotation Graphs Here are some benefits of RRGs: Visualizing market dynamics: RRGs provide a clear, visual representation of the relative strength and momentum of various securities or sectors, making it easier to understand complex market moves. Comparison tool: With RRGs, you can compare several securities simultaneously against a benchmark, which can be valuable for portfolio diversification and sector rotation strategies. Identifying trends: RRGs help pick out leaders, laggards, and emerging trends by observing the movement of securities through different quadrants. Timely decision making: The dynamic nature of RRGs aids investors in making timely decisions by highlighting changes in momentum and strength before they become evident through price movements alone. Complementing other analyses: RRGs can be used alongside other technical, fundamental, and quantitative analysis tools, providing a more holistic view of the market. Sector analysis and asset allocation: RRGs are particularly useful for sector analysis and distributing assets since they help identify industries or asset classes likely to outperform or underperform. Limitations of Relative Rotation Graphs Here are some limitations of RRGs: Relative, not absolute, rotation: RRGs illustrate the performance relative to a benchmark, not the absolute performance. A security in the leading quadrant could still be losing value in a bear market. Lagging indicator: RRGs inherently lag. They reflect past performance and trends, which may not always predict future movements. Requires a benchmark: The effectiveness of RRGs depends on the choice of an appropriate benchmark, which can vary based on the assets. Not a stand-alone tool: RRGs should not be used by themselves. They do not deliver insights into company fundamentals, macroeconomic conditions, or market sentiment. No indication of value: RRGs do not provide information about the value of securities. A stock might be moving into the leading quadrant but still be overpriced. While RRGs are powerful for visualizing and analyzing market trends and relative performance, they are most effective when used as part of a broader, diversified approach to investment analysis and decision making. Understanding their limitations is crucial to avoid overestimating their relevance. Differences Between the Relative Rotation Graph and the Relative Strength Index Relative Rotation Graph vs. Relative Strength Index Relative Rotation Graph (RRG) Scope: The RRG is used to compare several securities against a benchmark. Dimensions: The RRG provides a two-dimensional view. Interpretation: The RRG is better for relative performance and identifying trends. Usage: The RRG is typically used for asset allocation and sector rotation. Relative Strength Index (RSI) Scope: The RSI is used for analyzing the price momentum of a single security. Dimensions: The RSI is a one-dimensional oscillator. Interpretation: The RSI illustrates momentum and potential price reversals. Usage: The RSI is commonly used to identify potential entries and exits. The RRG and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) are both used in technical analysis, but serve different purposes and provide different kinds of information. RRGs are used to compare several securities against a benchmark, while the RSI is used to analyze the price momentum of a single security. In addition, RRGs offer a two-dimensional view (strength and momentum), while the RSI is a one-dimensional oscillator (it constructs high and low bands and provides a trend indicator). The RRG is best used for relative performance and identifying trends. Meanwhile, the RSI is best for ascertaining momentum and potential price reversals. Another set of differences is that the RRG is often used for asset allocation and sector rotation, while the RSI commonly helps identify potential entries and exits. As such, the RRG is more for visualizing and comparing the relative strength and trends of multiple securities, and the RSI sets out the momentum of individual securities and can help identify when there are overbought or oversold conditions. Resources for Creating Relative Rotation Graphs Making your RRGs requires specialized tools and resources, as these graphs involve complex calculations and dynamic visuals. Here are some great tools to use: RRG Research: Founded by Julius de Kempenaer, the creator of RRGs, the firm’s site provides tools and insights related to RRGs. The website offers educational resources, analysis, and access to RRGs.Bloomberg Professional Services Software: The Bloomberg Professional Services software, a leading financial data and analytics platform, offers RRG charts as part of its services. It provides functions for creating and customizing RRGs, making it a popular choice among professional investors and analysts.Refinitiv Eikon: This platform is another leading financial data and analytics provider that offers RRG charts as part of its services.StockCharts.com: This online platform offers various chart tools, including RRGs. It has a user-friendly interface for creating RRGs, suitable for professionals and individual investors.Optuma: Optuma is a professional-level technical analysis software that includes RRGs among its features. Known for its advanced analysis tools, Optuma caters to professional traders and analysts. The tool you choose depends on your needs, skill level, and access to resources. Which Technical Analysis Indicators Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs? Combining RRGs with other indicators can provide a more comprehensive view of the market and help refine investment strategies. Some indicators include moving averages, the RSI, the moving average convergence/divergence, Bollinger Bands, support and resistance levels, and other chart patterns. What Asset Groups Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs? RRGs are best used to analyze asset groups when relative performance is key. These can include equity sectors and industries, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), indexes, benchmarks, fixed-income securities, commodities, and currencies. RRGs’ ability to compare several assets simultaneously makes them invaluable for a wide range of investment strategies, from picking individual stocks to deciding on broad asset allocations. However, like all financial and investment tools, they should be used as part of a broader, diversified approach to market analysis and not relied upon in isolation. Which Benchmarks Work Well with Relative Rotation Graphs? The benchmark chosen is critical in interpreting RRGs, setting the standard against which the other securities or asset classes are measured. The benchmark to use depends on the type of assets being analyzed and the specific goals of the analysis. Some commonly used benchmarks include broad market, sector, fixed-income, commodity, regional, country-specific, currency, real estate, and thematic indexes. How Can the Reliability of Relative Rotation Graphs Be Improved? Increasing the reliability of RRGs involves choosing the right benchmarks, using quality data, understanding the tool’s limitations, and integrating it with other forms of analysis. Regular reviews, adaptation to changing market conditions, and ongoing education are essential for effectively using RRGs in trading and investments. The Bottom Line RRGs are vital for some types of technical analysis, offering a way to visualize the relative performance and momentum of different securities against a chosen benchmark. Its design, characterized by placing securities in four distinct quadrants—labeled leading, weakening, lagging, and improving—allows traders and investors to quickly grasp shifts in the market and identify assets gaining or losing strength against others. This makes RRGs particularly useful for strategies involving sector rotation, asset allocation, and portfolio diversification. For traders, RRGs provide a strategic edge by enabling a clear understanding of various market segments’ relative trends and strengths. By integrating RRG analysis with other technical indicators and fundamental insights, traders can identify potential entry and exit points more effectively.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/airdrop-cryptocurrency.asp
Cryptocurrency Airdrop: What Is It and How Does It Work
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-cryptocurrency-airdrop"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Cryptocurrency Airdrop? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp">cryptocurrency</a> airdrop is a marketing strategy that involves sending coins or tokens to wallet addresses. Small amounts of the new <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/virtual-currency.asp">virtual currency</a> are sent to the wallets of active members of the blockchain community for free or in return for a small service, such as retweeting a post sent by the company issuing the currency. The ultimate goal of a crypto airdrop is to promote awareness and circulation of a new token or coin. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A crypto airdrop is a marketing method employed by startups in the cryptocurrency space.</li><li>It involves delivering tokens to the wallets of current cryptocurrency traders, either for free or in exchange for a small promotional service.</li><li>The airdrop is meant to spread awareness and increase ownership of the currency startup.</li><li>While some are legitimate, other airdrops have been seen as fraudulent when attempting to steal wallet or personal information.</li><li>Airdrops may be based on those who express interest, hold existing tokens, are intentionally selected, or win raffles.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-cryptocurrency-airdrops"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Cryptocurrency Airdrops </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> A crypto airdrop is a promotional activity typically performed by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp">blockchain</a>-based startups to help bootstrap a virtual currency project. Its aim is to spread awareness about the cryptocurrency project and to get more people trading in it when it lists on an exchange as an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp">initial coin offering</a> (ICO). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Airdrops are generally promoted on the company's website, social media, and cryptocurrency forums. Coins or tokens are sent only to specific wallets based on the blockchain network or coins held in existing wallets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> To qualify for the free gift, a recipient may need to hold a minimum quantity of the crypto coins in their wallet. Alternatively, they may need to perform a certain task, such as posting about the currency on a social media forum, connecting with a particular member of the blockchain project, or writing a blog post. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Cryptocurrency airdrops are aptly named in reference to physical airdrops using aircraft. Airdrops using aircraft entail the delivery of resources (such as weapons, food, or medicine) that physically drop out of the sky.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-crypto-airdrops"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Crypto Airdrops </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Standard Airdrop </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> In a standard crypto airdrop, participants interested in receiving an airdrop simply express their interest in order to receive the airdrop. The individual must provide a valid wallet address, and some airdrops require no additional information beyond this. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Standard airdrops often have a set amount of tokens to distribute with a limit on how many tokens each individual may receive. Therefore, some standard airdrops are time-sensitive. Though these types of airdrops are popular due to their simplicity, there is nothing stopping a single user from creating multiple wallets to quickly drain the airdrop amount, so these may be more difficult to obtain. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Bounty Airdrop </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Bounty crypto airdrops occur when users perform certain tasks. These tasks often entail raising awareness of a project by posting on social media and tagging the company or retweeting a recent tweet about the project. There may also be referral bonuses or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/finders-fee.asp">finder's fees</a> for individuals who recruit other users, sign up for the project's newsletter, or join the company's Discord channel. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> In exchange for performing tasks, users often receive points that correspond to how large of bounty airdrop they receive. Users may also be required to earn a certain amount of points before they qualify for their airdrop. For example, a user may be eligible for an airdrop after earning 300 points with each item mentioned above is worth 100 points each. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Holder Airdrop </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> Holder crypto airdrops occur automatically based on who is holding existing tokens and how many tokens they hold. Because wallets and blockchain information are part of a publicly <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/distributed-ledgers.asp">distributed ledger</a>, all users of blockchain have full transparency into the wallets and distribution of tokens. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> The downside to holder airdrops is individuals who may be holding tokens may not want an airdrop. Alternatively, holder airdrops ensure that only the largest, most invested individuals receive the benefit. Some holder airdrops may only award an airdrop if members are holding a certain amount of tokens; otherwise, they may pro-rate the award amount. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Exclusive Airdrop </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> A more specific type of holder airdrop, an exclusive crypto airdrop occurs when specific people are individually selected for the airdrop. The difference is they may be selected not based on the amount of tokens they have but based on other elements such as time spent on a project, most money spent on non-token activity, or number of posts in a forum. An exclusive airdrop is an even more centralized way of rewarding those closest to the project and may give airdrops to wallets that may not hold any tokens at all. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Raffle Airdrop </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> Some of the types of airdrops above may be combined with a raffle airdrop. Often, a project will state the number of airdrops they intend to give and encourage individuals to earn a raffle ticket. This ticket may be earned by holding tokens, earning points, or simply expressing interest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> Ultimately, the number of individuals interested in the airdrop often exceeds the number of airdrops the company wishes to deliver. Therefore, a raffle occurs and a limited number of wallets are randomly selected to receive the airdrop. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Never share your private keys with individuals you do not know or trust.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-crypto-airdrop-process"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Crypto Airdrop Process </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> The crypto airdrop process begins by the project or company deciding the need for an airdrop. This may be in response to market strategies, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-fork.asp">hard fork</a> in the network, or to incentivize existing investors. The initial step is to select how the airdrop will be facilitated and who is eligible. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> The next step for broad, general airdrops is to launch the public campaign. This includes collecting information for interested parties; this is often limited to just wallet addresses, though companies may also gather e-mail addresses to grow their contact list. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> Other types of airdrops may rely on a snapshot, a capture of an instance that identifies who possesses certain criteria. For example, the project may perform a snapshot to identify all addresses that held at least 1,000 tokens as of midnight on December 31st. Any transactions occurring after the snapshot will not impact the results of the airdrop; therefore, coin or token prices often experience <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> in response to when snapshots are taken. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> Once the list of airdrop recipients is selected, the airdrop is facilitated often through the use of smart contracts. The company may choose to use their Treasury wallet to facilitate the airdrop, and the company often publicizes the transaction block to demonstrate the equitability of the airdrop. The transaction will show the airdrop leaving the company's wallet and distributing to the recipients. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> Airdrop recipients often directly receive the coins or tokens without having to accept the tokens. Some may need to add the token or coin along with its address to their wallet to appropriately view their wallet balance of the token. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-crypto-airdrop-scams"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Crypto Airdrop Scams </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> A legitimate crypto airdrop never seeks <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital-investment.asp">capital investment</a> in the currency. Its aim is purely promotional. On other hand, some crypto scams involve sending micro amounts of bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to unsuspecting recipients in what is known as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.binance.vision/security/what-is-a-dusting-attack">dusting scam</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> Many airdrop scams rely on directing an investor to attach their wallet to a phishing website in order to claim their airdrop. Often, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/web-20-web-30-5208698">web3</a> address will prompt a user to connect their wallet using common and popular wallet services such as MetaMask, Trust Wallet, or Oasis. After a user connects their wallet by providing their secret phrase or keys, the scam is complete. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> Airdrop scams may also occur by enticing market participants to invest in a specific security in hopes of being airdropped a different item. For example, a project may boast that holding certain NFTs in a wallet will cause owners to receive a rare airdrop. Though the airdrop may be legitimate, the project owners may have enticed market activity of the NFT so they could sell theirs at a higher price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How to Avoid Airdrop Scams </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Users should always be vigilant about unsolicited deposits into their crypto wallets. In addition, users should be aware of the projects they are investing in or attempting to claim assets for. The common phrase among cryptocurrency explorers is to "do your own research". </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> It's advised that crypto-enthusiasts not connect to websites they are not familiar with. This includes ensuring external links they click on come directly from the project. Consider bookmarking common sites you plan on visiting frequently to ensure you're always connecting to the right site. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> Companies often publicly communicate airdrops and other promotions. Consider following the project on social media, forums, or Discord to follow upcoming events, and be mindful that complex scams may replicate or imitate project social media profiles. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> If you don't want airdrops associated with primary investments, consider creating a new wallet specific to airdrops. After receiving the tokens, you can then transfer the tokens to different wallets. Though not a form of traditional diversification, keeping crypto in different wallets does spread and reduce overall risk. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>Cryptocurrency transactions—including airdrops—have evolved, complex tax legislation that requires care and consider. If you are unsure about the taxable status of a crypto transaction, consult a tax professional.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-crypto-airdrops-and-taxes"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Crypto Airdrops and Taxes </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> Whether or not an airdrop counts as a taxable event depends on the jurisdiction of where the token holder is living in. In the United States, crypto airdrops are considered income as part of one's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federal_income_tax.asp">Federal income tax</a> return.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> The difficulty of reporting taxes on an airdrop is the token may not yet have liquidity or an easily assessable fair market value. An airdrop should be recognized as income at its fair value when it is received. In addition, airdrops are not considered taxable income until an individual has control over the token. If the airdrop is locked or on a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vesting.asp#:~:text=The%20vesting%20schedule%20set%20up,401%28k%29%20company%20match.">vesting schedule</a>, it is not taxable income until it is received and can be traded. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> Should the price of the airdrop drop after receipt and then later sold, this transaction creates a second, unrelated transaction that occurs in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalloss.asp">capital loss</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> The taxpayer would recognize income for the amount of the airdrop, then recognize a loss equal to the different between the airdrop price and sale price. If the price should appreciate, a short-term or long-term gain may be taxed based on the holding period.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cryptocurrency-airdrops"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryptocurrency Airdrops </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Advantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> Given the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/091013/future-cryptocurrency.asp">extreme competition among cryptocurrency startups</a>, an airdrop is an attempt to stand out from the crowd. Some businesses devoted to crypto airdrops offer alerts to users and listing services to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/startup.asp">startups</a>, plus a range of marketing services to fine-tune their airdrops. As always, there are good businesses and bad in this space. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> Michael J. Casey, Chair of CoinDesk's advisory board and an advisor at MIT's blockchain research initiative, argued in a post on a CoinDesk blog that some type of marketing is essential if a cryptocurrency is to succeed. "A currency is nothing if it is not widely used. And that can't be achieved unless people make some cost-incurring effort to encourage widespread usage," he wrote.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> Certain crypto airdrops also have the advantage of rewarding loyal patrons of specific blockchain networks. In addition, sending airdrops to all wallet or existing token holders widely distributes tokens in a manner that may not happen naturally in an open market.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Disadvantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> However, there are several issues to consider in regard to crypto airdrops. The obvious concern is network safety, especially the nature of "redeeming" airdrops. For example, some airdrops may claim users must connect their wallet to suspicious websites; once the connection to web3 is made, the thief may now have access to the user's keys or password. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> Crypto airdrops may also not be legitimate projects. Though enticing due to the nature of receiving free money, some projects lure <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stakeholder.asp">stakeholders</a> into increasing the stake of their airdrop by buying more tokens. Ultimately, the long-term goal may be to "rug pull" investors by dumping large amounts of tokens into the marketplace at once, crashing the price and making prior airdrops worthless. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> Airdrops may be seen by some as low-quality projects. Some may prefer to instead focus on rewarding miners or other contributors of a network instead of releasing free tokens to non-heavy contributors of a project. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"> Last, since airdrops may lack liquidity, airdrops may literally be worthless if they can not be traded on an open exchange. Often the result of the infancy of a project, airdrops may claim to have a value of thousands of dollars. However, without the ability to openly trade the airdropped tokens, the free gift to wallet holders may prove to be worthless. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"> <h3 class="mntl-sc-block__comparison-list-heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__comparison-list-heading">Crypto Airdrops</h3> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Rewards early adopters or people engaged with a project with a stake in the project</p></li> <li><p>Raises awareness of a project due to the marketing aspect of an airdrop</p></li> <li><p>Encourages the use and adoption of a newly issued token</p></li> <li><p>May distribute tokens across holders in a manner that would not have naturally happened in an open market</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>May pose security threats if wallet holders must connect wallets to suspicious sites to claim airdrop</p></li> <li><p>May prove to be "pump-and-dump" schemes</p></li> <li><p>May dissuade some investors from participating if they prefer different ways of distributing tokens</p></li> <li><p>May prove to be worthless if the token does not have liquidity on an exchange</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-crypto-airdrops-vs-initial-coin-offerings-ico"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Crypto Airdrops vs. Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"> Crypto airdrops and initial coin offerings may appear to be very similar. Both are likely to occur at the start of a project, and both are intended to distribute coins or tokens. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"> Crypto airdrops may not require an investment, while initial coin offerings often require a transaction. Though the transaction may reward investors by offering coins or tokens at a discount, it is expected that investors buy the coins or tokens as opposed to airdrops which are free. ICOs are often initially offered first to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/venturecapital.asp">venture capitalists</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"> In addition, the demographic for these two events are largely different. ICOs attempt to attract larger investors who are willing to infuse capital into a project. These users are more likely to pursue the project as an investment. Alternatively, airdrops are often intended to raise awareness among smaller users. Though users may not have much use for a small airdrop, the goal is to entice smaller users to transact with the digital currency. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-real-world-examples"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Real-World Examples </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"> At the end of 2021, Gas DAO was formed to distribute tokens to individuals who had paid a certain threshold of Ethereum <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gas-ethereum.asp">gas fees</a>. The concept was ownership of the DAO would be tied to the largest users of Ethereum. 55% of Gas DAO tokens were airdropped to 634,429 eligible wallets.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"> Also at the end of 2021, the OpenDao distributed tokens to NFT holders based on OpenSea trading activity. Ownership of OpenDao tokens would be airdropped based on NFT-ownership, forming an entity structure driven by the most ambitious collectors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> At it's peak, OpenDao had a market cap of greater than $250 million. As of September 2022, its market cap had dropped to less than $11 million.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-was-the-first-crypto-airdrop"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Was the First Crypto Airdrop?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The first cryptocurrency airdrop is attributed to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/auroracoin.asp">AuroraCoin</a> (AUR) on March 25, 2014. Intended to be the cryptocurrency for the nation of Iceland, every citizen or permanent resident who submitted their national ID received 31.8 AUR.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_110-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-an-nft-airdrop"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is an NFT Airdrop?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Similar to other types of crypto airdrops, an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/non-fungible-tokens-nft-5115211">NFT</a> airdrop credits NFT holders with additional tokens. This is done to build a stronger community around certain NFTs, create buzz, and reward NFT holders.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-did-the-country-of-el-salvador-do-a-bitcoin-airdrop"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Did the Country of El Salvador Do a Bitcoin Airdrop?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes. To encourage Bitcoin adoption as the country expanded its legal tender to Bitcoins, El Salvador credited everyone who installed the government-built wallet with $30 worth of BTC.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_115-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-i-find-crypto-airdrops"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do I Find Crypto Airdrops?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Crypto airdrops are often communicated and marketed to the general public to raise excitement and awareness regarding a token. Many of these airdrops can be found by subscribing to airdrop newsletters or following blockchains on social media.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_116-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_117-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-make-money-from-crypto-airdrops"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Make Money From Crypto Airdrops?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Individuals can make money from crypto airdrops, though crypto airdrops are intended to increase use of a cryptocurrency across a broad range of users. For that reason, airdrops are often not substantial amounts (less than $10), and the tokens may not be liquid. Also, there is higher risk that users will try to liquidate their holdings when they are able to (thus quickly dropping the value of the coins or tokens).</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_118-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_119-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_120-0"> Crypto airdrops are a way for companies and projects to raise awareness of their token or coin. It is also a way to increase the liquidity of their security by giving it away to thousands of different wallets. Though airdrops have value and may be considered free money, there are also significant risks if users are not aware of potential scams related to crypto airdrops.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_121-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_122-0"> <em>Investing in cryptocurrencies and other Initial Coin Offerings (“ICOs”) is highly risky and speculative, and this article is not a recommendation by Investopedia or the writer to invest in cryptocurrencies or other ICOs. Since each individual's situation is unique, a qualified professional should always be consulted before making any financial decisions. Investopedia makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or timeliness of the information contained herein.</em> </p></div>
## What Is a Cryptocurrency Airdrop? A [cryptocurrency](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp) airdrop is a marketing strategy that involves sending coins or tokens to wallet addresses. Small amounts of the new [virtual currency](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/virtual-currency.asp) are sent to the wallets of active members of the blockchain community for free or in return for a small service, such as retweeting a post sent by the company issuing the currency. The ultimate goal of a crypto airdrop is to promote awareness and circulation of a new token or coin. ### Key Takeaways * A crypto airdrop is a marketing method employed by startups in the cryptocurrency space. * It involves delivering tokens to the wallets of current cryptocurrency traders, either for free or in exchange for a small promotional service. * The airdrop is meant to spread awareness and increase ownership of the currency startup. * While some are legitimate, other airdrops have been seen as fraudulent when attempting to steal wallet or personal information. * Airdrops may be based on those who express interest, hold existing tokens, are intentionally selected, or win raffles. ## Understanding Cryptocurrency Airdrops A crypto airdrop is a promotional activity typically performed by [blockchain](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp)-based startups to help bootstrap a virtual currency project. Its aim is to spread awareness about the cryptocurrency project and to get more people trading in it when it lists on an exchange as an [initial coin offering](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp) (ICO). Airdrops are generally promoted on the company's website, social media, and cryptocurrency forums. Coins or tokens are sent only to specific wallets based on the blockchain network or coins held in existing wallets. To qualify for the free gift, a recipient may need to hold a minimum quantity of the crypto coins in their wallet. Alternatively, they may need to perform a certain task, such as posting about the currency on a social media forum, connecting with a particular member of the blockchain project, or writing a blog post. ### Cryptocurrency airdrops are aptly named in reference to physical airdrops using aircraft. Airdrops using aircraft entail the delivery of resources (such as weapons, food, or medicine) that physically drop out of the sky. ## Types of Crypto Airdrops ### Standard Airdrop In a standard crypto airdrop, participants interested in receiving an airdrop simply express their interest in order to receive the airdrop. The individual must provide a valid wallet address, and some airdrops require no additional information beyond this. Standard airdrops often have a set amount of tokens to distribute with a limit on how many tokens each individual may receive. Therefore, some standard airdrops are time-sensitive. Though these types of airdrops are popular due to their simplicity, there is nothing stopping a single user from creating multiple wallets to quickly drain the airdrop amount, so these may be more difficult to obtain. ### Bounty Airdrop Bounty crypto airdrops occur when users perform certain tasks. These tasks often entail raising awareness of a project by posting on social media and tagging the company or retweeting a recent tweet about the project. There may also be referral bonuses or [finder's fees](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/finders-fee.asp) for individuals who recruit other users, sign up for the project's newsletter, or join the company's Discord channel. In exchange for performing tasks, users often receive points that correspond to how large of bounty airdrop they receive. Users may also be required to earn a certain amount of points before they qualify for their airdrop. For example, a user may be eligible for an airdrop after earning 300 points with each item mentioned above is worth 100 points each. ### Holder Airdrop Holder crypto airdrops occur automatically based on who is holding existing tokens and how many tokens they hold. Because wallets and blockchain information are part of a publicly [distributed ledger](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/distributed-ledgers.asp), all users of blockchain have full transparency into the wallets and distribution of tokens. The downside to holder airdrops is individuals who may be holding tokens may not want an airdrop. Alternatively, holder airdrops ensure that only the largest, most invested individuals receive the benefit. Some holder airdrops may only award an airdrop if members are holding a certain amount of tokens; otherwise, they may pro-rate the award amount. ### Exclusive Airdrop A more specific type of holder airdrop, an exclusive crypto airdrop occurs when specific people are individually selected for the airdrop. The difference is they may be selected not based on the amount of tokens they have but based on other elements such as time spent on a project, most money spent on non-token activity, or number of posts in a forum. An exclusive airdrop is an even more centralized way of rewarding those closest to the project and may give airdrops to wallets that may not hold any tokens at all. ### Raffle Airdrop Some of the types of airdrops above may be combined with a raffle airdrop. Often, a project will state the number of airdrops they intend to give and encourage individuals to earn a raffle ticket. This ticket may be earned by holding tokens, earning points, or simply expressing interest. Ultimately, the number of individuals interested in the airdrop often exceeds the number of airdrops the company wishes to deliver. Therefore, a raffle occurs and a limited number of wallets are randomly selected to receive the airdrop. ### Never share your private keys with individuals you do not know or trust. ## Crypto Airdrop Process The crypto airdrop process begins by the project or company deciding the need for an airdrop. This may be in response to market strategies, a [hard fork](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-fork.asp) in the network, or to incentivize existing investors. The initial step is to select how the airdrop will be facilitated and who is eligible. The next step for broad, general airdrops is to launch the public campaign. This includes collecting information for interested parties; this is often limited to just wallet addresses, though companies may also gather e-mail addresses to grow their contact list. Other types of airdrops may rely on a snapshot, a capture of an instance that identifies who possesses certain criteria. For example, the project may perform a snapshot to identify all addresses that held at least 1,000 tokens as of midnight on December 31st. Any transactions occurring after the snapshot will not impact the results of the airdrop; therefore, coin or token prices often experience [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) in response to when snapshots are taken. Once the list of airdrop recipients is selected, the airdrop is facilitated often through the use of smart contracts. The company may choose to use their Treasury wallet to facilitate the airdrop, and the company often publicizes the transaction block to demonstrate the equitability of the airdrop. The transaction will show the airdrop leaving the company's wallet and distributing to the recipients. Airdrop recipients often directly receive the coins or tokens without having to accept the tokens. Some may need to add the token or coin along with its address to their wallet to appropriately view their wallet balance of the token. ## Crypto Airdrop Scams A legitimate crypto airdrop never seeks [capital investment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital-investment.asp) in the currency. Its aim is purely promotional. On other hand, some crypto scams involve sending micro amounts of bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to unsuspecting recipients in what is known as a [dusting scam](https://www.binance.vision/security/what-is-a-dusting-attack). Many airdrop scams rely on directing an investor to attach their wallet to a phishing website in order to claim their airdrop. Often, the [web3](https://www.investopedia.com/web-20-web-30-5208698) address will prompt a user to connect their wallet using common and popular wallet services such as MetaMask, Trust Wallet, or Oasis. After a user connects their wallet by providing their secret phrase or keys, the scam is complete. Airdrop scams may also occur by enticing market participants to invest in a specific security in hopes of being airdropped a different item. For example, a project may boast that holding certain NFTs in a wallet will cause owners to receive a rare airdrop. Though the airdrop may be legitimate, the project owners may have enticed market activity of the NFT so they could sell theirs at a higher price. ### How to Avoid Airdrop Scams Users should always be vigilant about unsolicited deposits into their crypto wallets. In addition, users should be aware of the projects they are investing in or attempting to claim assets for. The common phrase among cryptocurrency explorers is to "do your own research". It's advised that crypto-enthusiasts not connect to websites they are not familiar with. This includes ensuring external links they click on come directly from the project. Consider bookmarking common sites you plan on visiting frequently to ensure you're always connecting to the right site. Companies often publicly communicate airdrops and other promotions. Consider following the project on social media, forums, or Discord to follow upcoming events, and be mindful that complex scams may replicate or imitate project social media profiles. If you don't want airdrops associated with primary investments, consider creating a new wallet specific to airdrops. After receiving the tokens, you can then transfer the tokens to different wallets. Though not a form of traditional diversification, keeping crypto in different wallets does spread and reduce overall risk. ### Cryptocurrency transactions—including airdrops—have evolved, complex tax legislation that requires care and consider. If you are unsure about the taxable status of a crypto transaction, consult a tax professional. ## Crypto Airdrops and Taxes Whether or not an airdrop counts as a taxable event depends on the jurisdiction of where the token holder is living in. In the United States, crypto airdrops are considered income as part of one's [Federal income tax](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federal_income_tax.asp) return. The difficulty of reporting taxes on an airdrop is the token may not yet have liquidity or an easily assessable fair market value. An airdrop should be recognized as income at its fair value when it is received. In addition, airdrops are not considered taxable income until an individual has control over the token. If the airdrop is locked or on a [vesting schedule](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vesting.asp#:~:text=The%20vesting%20schedule%20set%20up,401%28k%29%20company%20match.), it is not taxable income until it is received and can be traded. Should the price of the airdrop drop after receipt and then later sold, this transaction creates a second, unrelated transaction that occurs in a [capital loss](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalloss.asp). The taxpayer would recognize income for the amount of the airdrop, then recognize a loss equal to the different between the airdrop price and sale price. If the price should appreciate, a short-term or long-term gain may be taxed based on the holding period. ## Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryptocurrency Airdrops ### Advantages Given the [extreme competition among cryptocurrency startups](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/091013/future-cryptocurrency.asp), an airdrop is an attempt to stand out from the crowd. Some businesses devoted to crypto airdrops offer alerts to users and listing services to [startups](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/startup.asp), plus a range of marketing services to fine-tune their airdrops. As always, there are good businesses and bad in this space. Michael J. Casey, Chair of CoinDesk's advisory board and an advisor at MIT's blockchain research initiative, argued in a post on a CoinDesk blog that some type of marketing is essential if a cryptocurrency is to succeed. "A currency is nothing if it is not widely used. And that can't be achieved unless people make some cost-incurring effort to encourage widespread usage," he wrote. Certain crypto airdrops also have the advantage of rewarding loyal patrons of specific blockchain networks. In addition, sending airdrops to all wallet or existing token holders widely distributes tokens in a manner that may not happen naturally in an open market. ### Disadvantages However, there are several issues to consider in regard to crypto airdrops. The obvious concern is network safety, especially the nature of "redeeming" airdrops. For example, some airdrops may claim users must connect their wallet to suspicious websites; once the connection to web3 is made, the thief may now have access to the user's keys or password. Crypto airdrops may also not be legitimate projects. Though enticing due to the nature of receiving free money, some projects lure [stakeholders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stakeholder.asp) into increasing the stake of their airdrop by buying more tokens. Ultimately, the long-term goal may be to "rug pull" investors by dumping large amounts of tokens into the marketplace at once, crashing the price and making prior airdrops worthless. Airdrops may be seen by some as low-quality projects. Some may prefer to instead focus on rewarding miners or other contributors of a network instead of releasing free tokens to non-heavy contributors of a project. Last, since airdrops may lack liquidity, airdrops may literally be worthless if they can not be traded on an open exchange. Often the result of the infancy of a project, airdrops may claim to have a value of thousands of dollars. However, without the ability to openly trade the airdropped tokens, the free gift to wallet holders may prove to be worthless. ### Crypto Airdrops Pros * Rewards early adopters or people engaged with a project with a stake in the project * Raises awareness of a project due to the marketing aspect of an airdrop * Encourages the use and adoption of a newly issued token * May distribute tokens across holders in a manner that would not have naturally happened in an open market Cons * May pose security threats if wallet holders must connect wallets to suspicious sites to claim airdrop * May prove to be "pump-and-dump" schemes * May dissuade some investors from participating if they prefer different ways of distributing tokens * May prove to be worthless if the token does not have liquidity on an exchange ## Crypto Airdrops vs. Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) Crypto airdrops and initial coin offerings may appear to be very similar. Both are likely to occur at the start of a project, and both are intended to distribute coins or tokens. Crypto airdrops may not require an investment, while initial coin offerings often require a transaction. Though the transaction may reward investors by offering coins or tokens at a discount, it is expected that investors buy the coins or tokens as opposed to airdrops which are free. ICOs are often initially offered first to [venture capitalists](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/venturecapital.asp). In addition, the demographic for these two events are largely different. ICOs attempt to attract larger investors who are willing to infuse capital into a project. These users are more likely to pursue the project as an investment. Alternatively, airdrops are often intended to raise awareness among smaller users. Though users may not have much use for a small airdrop, the goal is to entice smaller users to transact with the digital currency. ## Real-World Examples At the end of 2021, Gas DAO was formed to distribute tokens to individuals who had paid a certain threshold of Ethereum [gas fees](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gas-ethereum.asp). The concept was ownership of the DAO would be tied to the largest users of Ethereum. 55% of Gas DAO tokens were airdropped to 634,429 eligible wallets. Also at the end of 2021, the OpenDao distributed tokens to NFT holders based on OpenSea trading activity. Ownership of OpenDao tokens would be airdropped based on NFT-ownership, forming an entity structure driven by the most ambitious collectors. At it's peak, OpenDao had a market cap of greater than $250 million. As of September 2022, its market cap had dropped to less than $11 million. ## What Was the First Crypto Airdrop? The first cryptocurrency airdrop is attributed to [AuroraCoin](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/auroracoin.asp) (AUR) on March 25, 2014. Intended to be the cryptocurrency for the nation of Iceland, every citizen or permanent resident who submitted their national ID received 31.8 AUR. ## What Is an NFT Airdrop? Similar to other types of crypto airdrops, an [NFT](https://www.investopedia.com/non-fungible-tokens-nft-5115211) airdrop credits NFT holders with additional tokens. This is done to build a stronger community around certain NFTs, create buzz, and reward NFT holders. ## Did the Country of El Salvador Do a Bitcoin Airdrop? Yes. To encourage Bitcoin adoption as the country expanded its legal tender to Bitcoins, El Salvador credited everyone who installed the government-built wallet with $30 worth of BTC. ## How Do I Find Crypto Airdrops? Crypto airdrops are often communicated and marketed to the general public to raise excitement and awareness regarding a token. Many of these airdrops can be found by subscribing to airdrop newsletters or following blockchains on social media. ## Can You Make Money From Crypto Airdrops? Individuals can make money from crypto airdrops, though crypto airdrops are intended to increase use of a cryptocurrency across a broad range of users. For that reason, airdrops are often not substantial amounts (less than $10), and the tokens may not be liquid. Also, there is higher risk that users will try to liquidate their holdings when they are able to (thus quickly dropping the value of the coins or tokens). ## The Bottom Line Crypto airdrops are a way for companies and projects to raise awareness of their token or coin. It is also a way to increase the liquidity of their security by giving it away to thousands of different wallets. Though airdrops have value and may be considered free money, there are also significant risks if users are not aware of potential scams related to crypto airdrops. *Investing in cryptocurrencies and other Initial Coin Offerings (“ICOs”) is highly risky and speculative, and this article is not a recommendation by Investopedia or the writer to invest in cryptocurrencies or other ICOs. Since each individual's situation is unique, a qualified professional should always be consulted before making any financial decisions. Investopedia makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or timeliness of the information contained herein.*
What Is a Cryptocurrency Airdrop? A cryptocurrency airdrop is a marketing strategy that involves sending coins or tokens to wallet addresses. Small amounts of the new virtual currency are sent to the wallets of active members of the blockchain community for free or in return for a small service, such as retweeting a post sent by the company issuing the currency. The ultimate goal of a crypto airdrop is to promote awareness and circulation of a new token or coin. Key Takeaways A crypto airdrop is a marketing method employed by startups in the cryptocurrency space.It involves delivering tokens to the wallets of current cryptocurrency traders, either for free or in exchange for a small promotional service.The airdrop is meant to spread awareness and increase ownership of the currency startup.While some are legitimate, other airdrops have been seen as fraudulent when attempting to steal wallet or personal information.Airdrops may be based on those who express interest, hold existing tokens, are intentionally selected, or win raffles. Understanding Cryptocurrency Airdrops A crypto airdrop is a promotional activity typically performed by blockchain-based startups to help bootstrap a virtual currency project. Its aim is to spread awareness about the cryptocurrency project and to get more people trading in it when it lists on an exchange as an initial coin offering (ICO). Airdrops are generally promoted on the company's website, social media, and cryptocurrency forums. Coins or tokens are sent only to specific wallets based on the blockchain network or coins held in existing wallets. To qualify for the free gift, a recipient may need to hold a minimum quantity of the crypto coins in their wallet. Alternatively, they may need to perform a certain task, such as posting about the currency on a social media forum, connecting with a particular member of the blockchain project, or writing a blog post. Cryptocurrency airdrops are aptly named in reference to physical airdrops using aircraft. Airdrops using aircraft entail the delivery of resources (such as weapons, food, or medicine) that physically drop out of the sky. Types of Crypto Airdrops Standard Airdrop In a standard crypto airdrop, participants interested in receiving an airdrop simply express their interest in order to receive the airdrop. The individual must provide a valid wallet address, and some airdrops require no additional information beyond this. Standard airdrops often have a set amount of tokens to distribute with a limit on how many tokens each individual may receive. Therefore, some standard airdrops are time-sensitive. Though these types of airdrops are popular due to their simplicity, there is nothing stopping a single user from creating multiple wallets to quickly drain the airdrop amount, so these may be more difficult to obtain. Bounty Airdrop Bounty crypto airdrops occur when users perform certain tasks. These tasks often entail raising awareness of a project by posting on social media and tagging the company or retweeting a recent tweet about the project. There may also be referral bonuses or finder's fees for individuals who recruit other users, sign up for the project's newsletter, or join the company's Discord channel. In exchange for performing tasks, users often receive points that correspond to how large of bounty airdrop they receive. Users may also be required to earn a certain amount of points before they qualify for their airdrop. For example, a user may be eligible for an airdrop after earning 300 points with each item mentioned above is worth 100 points each. Holder Airdrop Holder crypto airdrops occur automatically based on who is holding existing tokens and how many tokens they hold. Because wallets and blockchain information are part of a publicly distributed ledger, all users of blockchain have full transparency into the wallets and distribution of tokens. The downside to holder airdrops is individuals who may be holding tokens may not want an airdrop. Alternatively, holder airdrops ensure that only the largest, most invested individuals receive the benefit. Some holder airdrops may only award an airdrop if members are holding a certain amount of tokens; otherwise, they may pro-rate the award amount. Exclusive Airdrop A more specific type of holder airdrop, an exclusive crypto airdrop occurs when specific people are individually selected for the airdrop. The difference is they may be selected not based on the amount of tokens they have but based on other elements such as time spent on a project, most money spent on non-token activity, or number of posts in a forum. An exclusive airdrop is an even more centralized way of rewarding those closest to the project and may give airdrops to wallets that may not hold any tokens at all. Raffle Airdrop Some of the types of airdrops above may be combined with a raffle airdrop. Often, a project will state the number of airdrops they intend to give and encourage individuals to earn a raffle ticket. This ticket may be earned by holding tokens, earning points, or simply expressing interest. Ultimately, the number of individuals interested in the airdrop often exceeds the number of airdrops the company wishes to deliver. Therefore, a raffle occurs and a limited number of wallets are randomly selected to receive the airdrop. Never share your private keys with individuals you do not know or trust. Crypto Airdrop Process The crypto airdrop process begins by the project or company deciding the need for an airdrop. This may be in response to market strategies, a hard fork in the network, or to incentivize existing investors. The initial step is to select how the airdrop will be facilitated and who is eligible. The next step for broad, general airdrops is to launch the public campaign. This includes collecting information for interested parties; this is often limited to just wallet addresses, though companies may also gather e-mail addresses to grow their contact list. Other types of airdrops may rely on a snapshot, a capture of an instance that identifies who possesses certain criteria. For example, the project may perform a snapshot to identify all addresses that held at least 1,000 tokens as of midnight on December 31st. Any transactions occurring after the snapshot will not impact the results of the airdrop; therefore, coin or token prices often experience volatility in response to when snapshots are taken. Once the list of airdrop recipients is selected, the airdrop is facilitated often through the use of smart contracts. The company may choose to use their Treasury wallet to facilitate the airdrop, and the company often publicizes the transaction block to demonstrate the equitability of the airdrop. The transaction will show the airdrop leaving the company's wallet and distributing to the recipients. Airdrop recipients often directly receive the coins or tokens without having to accept the tokens. Some may need to add the token or coin along with its address to their wallet to appropriately view their wallet balance of the token. Crypto Airdrop Scams A legitimate crypto airdrop never seeks capital investment in the currency. Its aim is purely promotional. On other hand, some crypto scams involve sending micro amounts of bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to unsuspecting recipients in what is known as a dusting scam. Many airdrop scams rely on directing an investor to attach their wallet to a phishing website in order to claim their airdrop. Often, the web3 address will prompt a user to connect their wallet using common and popular wallet services such as MetaMask, Trust Wallet, or Oasis. After a user connects their wallet by providing their secret phrase or keys, the scam is complete. Airdrop scams may also occur by enticing market participants to invest in a specific security in hopes of being airdropped a different item. For example, a project may boast that holding certain NFTs in a wallet will cause owners to receive a rare airdrop. Though the airdrop may be legitimate, the project owners may have enticed market activity of the NFT so they could sell theirs at a higher price. How to Avoid Airdrop Scams Users should always be vigilant about unsolicited deposits into their crypto wallets. In addition, users should be aware of the projects they are investing in or attempting to claim assets for. The common phrase among cryptocurrency explorers is to "do your own research". It's advised that crypto-enthusiasts not connect to websites they are not familiar with. This includes ensuring external links they click on come directly from the project. Consider bookmarking common sites you plan on visiting frequently to ensure you're always connecting to the right site. Companies often publicly communicate airdrops and other promotions. Consider following the project on social media, forums, or Discord to follow upcoming events, and be mindful that complex scams may replicate or imitate project social media profiles. If you don't want airdrops associated with primary investments, consider creating a new wallet specific to airdrops. After receiving the tokens, you can then transfer the tokens to different wallets. Though not a form of traditional diversification, keeping crypto in different wallets does spread and reduce overall risk. Cryptocurrency transactions—including airdrops—have evolved, complex tax legislation that requires care and consider. If you are unsure about the taxable status of a crypto transaction, consult a tax professional. Crypto Airdrops and Taxes Whether or not an airdrop counts as a taxable event depends on the jurisdiction of where the token holder is living in. In the United States, crypto airdrops are considered income as part of one's Federal income tax return. The difficulty of reporting taxes on an airdrop is the token may not yet have liquidity or an easily assessable fair market value. An airdrop should be recognized as income at its fair value when it is received. In addition, airdrops are not considered taxable income until an individual has control over the token. If the airdrop is locked or on a vesting schedule, it is not taxable income until it is received and can be traded. Should the price of the airdrop drop after receipt and then later sold, this transaction creates a second, unrelated transaction that occurs in a capital loss. The taxpayer would recognize income for the amount of the airdrop, then recognize a loss equal to the different between the airdrop price and sale price. If the price should appreciate, a short-term or long-term gain may be taxed based on the holding period. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryptocurrency Airdrops Advantages Given the extreme competition among cryptocurrency startups, an airdrop is an attempt to stand out from the crowd. Some businesses devoted to crypto airdrops offer alerts to users and listing services to startups, plus a range of marketing services to fine-tune their airdrops. As always, there are good businesses and bad in this space. Michael J. Casey, Chair of CoinDesk's advisory board and an advisor at MIT's blockchain research initiative, argued in a post on a CoinDesk blog that some type of marketing is essential if a cryptocurrency is to succeed. "A currency is nothing if it is not widely used. And that can't be achieved unless people make some cost-incurring effort to encourage widespread usage," he wrote. Certain crypto airdrops also have the advantage of rewarding loyal patrons of specific blockchain networks. In addition, sending airdrops to all wallet or existing token holders widely distributes tokens in a manner that may not happen naturally in an open market. Disadvantages However, there are several issues to consider in regard to crypto airdrops. The obvious concern is network safety, especially the nature of "redeeming" airdrops. For example, some airdrops may claim users must connect their wallet to suspicious websites; once the connection to web3 is made, the thief may now have access to the user's keys or password. Crypto airdrops may also not be legitimate projects. Though enticing due to the nature of receiving free money, some projects lure stakeholders into increasing the stake of their airdrop by buying more tokens. Ultimately, the long-term goal may be to "rug pull" investors by dumping large amounts of tokens into the marketplace at once, crashing the price and making prior airdrops worthless. Airdrops may be seen by some as low-quality projects. Some may prefer to instead focus on rewarding miners or other contributors of a network instead of releasing free tokens to non-heavy contributors of a project. Last, since airdrops may lack liquidity, airdrops may literally be worthless if they can not be traded on an open exchange. Often the result of the infancy of a project, airdrops may claim to have a value of thousands of dollars. However, without the ability to openly trade the airdropped tokens, the free gift to wallet holders may prove to be worthless. Crypto Airdrops Pros Rewards early adopters or people engaged with a project with a stake in the project Raises awareness of a project due to the marketing aspect of an airdrop Encourages the use and adoption of a newly issued token May distribute tokens across holders in a manner that would not have naturally happened in an open market Cons May pose security threats if wallet holders must connect wallets to suspicious sites to claim airdrop May prove to be "pump-and-dump" schemes May dissuade some investors from participating if they prefer different ways of distributing tokens May prove to be worthless if the token does not have liquidity on an exchange Crypto Airdrops vs. Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) Crypto airdrops and initial coin offerings may appear to be very similar. Both are likely to occur at the start of a project, and both are intended to distribute coins or tokens. Crypto airdrops may not require an investment, while initial coin offerings often require a transaction. Though the transaction may reward investors by offering coins or tokens at a discount, it is expected that investors buy the coins or tokens as opposed to airdrops which are free. ICOs are often initially offered first to venture capitalists. In addition, the demographic for these two events are largely different. ICOs attempt to attract larger investors who are willing to infuse capital into a project. These users are more likely to pursue the project as an investment. Alternatively, airdrops are often intended to raise awareness among smaller users. Though users may not have much use for a small airdrop, the goal is to entice smaller users to transact with the digital currency. Real-World Examples At the end of 2021, Gas DAO was formed to distribute tokens to individuals who had paid a certain threshold of Ethereum gas fees. The concept was ownership of the DAO would be tied to the largest users of Ethereum. 55% of Gas DAO tokens were airdropped to 634,429 eligible wallets. Also at the end of 2021, the OpenDao distributed tokens to NFT holders based on OpenSea trading activity. Ownership of OpenDao tokens would be airdropped based on NFT-ownership, forming an entity structure driven by the most ambitious collectors. At it's peak, OpenDao had a market cap of greater than $250 million. As of September 2022, its market cap had dropped to less than $11 million. What Was the First Crypto Airdrop? The first cryptocurrency airdrop is attributed to AuroraCoin (AUR) on March 25, 2014. Intended to be the cryptocurrency for the nation of Iceland, every citizen or permanent resident who submitted their national ID received 31.8 AUR. What Is an NFT Airdrop? Similar to other types of crypto airdrops, an NFT airdrop credits NFT holders with additional tokens. This is done to build a stronger community around certain NFTs, create buzz, and reward NFT holders. Did the Country of El Salvador Do a Bitcoin Airdrop? Yes. To encourage Bitcoin adoption as the country expanded its legal tender to Bitcoins, El Salvador credited everyone who installed the government-built wallet with $30 worth of BTC. How Do I Find Crypto Airdrops? Crypto airdrops are often communicated and marketed to the general public to raise excitement and awareness regarding a token. Many of these airdrops can be found by subscribing to airdrop newsletters or following blockchains on social media. Can You Make Money From Crypto Airdrops? Individuals can make money from crypto airdrops, though crypto airdrops are intended to increase use of a cryptocurrency across a broad range of users. For that reason, airdrops are often not substantial amounts (less than $10), and the tokens may not be liquid. Also, there is higher risk that users will try to liquidate their holdings when they are able to (thus quickly dropping the value of the coins or tokens). The Bottom Line Crypto airdrops are a way for companies and projects to raise awareness of their token or coin. It is also a way to increase the liquidity of their security by giving it away to thousands of different wallets. Though airdrops have value and may be considered free money, there are also significant risks if users are not aware of potential scams related to crypto airdrops. Investing in cryptocurrencies and other Initial Coin Offerings (“ICOs”) is highly risky and speculative, and this article is not a recommendation by Investopedia or the writer to invest in cryptocurrencies or other ICOs. Since each individual's situation is unique, a qualified professional should always be consulted before making any financial decisions. Investopedia makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or timeliness of the information contained herein.
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https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-find-a-woman-financial-advisor-or-planner-5270527
How to Find a Woman Financial Advisor or Planner
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Some women prefer to see female doctors over male ones for a number of reasons, including greater familiarity with their personal health concerns and, in some cases, a manner that meshes better with their own, including their style of expressing empathy or their ability to listen.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> Similarly, women financial advisors may be more attuned to the concerns that women clients have, such as how to plan for blended families, intergenerational issues, or sudden wealth. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> The good news is that there are a number of highly qualified women financial advisors and planners. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp">Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)</a> reported in 2019 that 32.1% of all personal financial advisors were women.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A woman financial advisor or planner may be a good fit for clients who feel more comfortable being candid with woman financial planners and advisors.</li><li>Women financial advisors may understand issues such as blended families, intergenerational issues, and sudden wealth in a more holistic or empathetic way than men.</li><li>Look for a woman financial advisor through word-of-mouth recommendations, local organizations, and resources including the Women &amp; Finance working group of the Financial Planning Association and the Women's Initiative of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA).</li><li>Next, meet with different advisors to assess their credentials, work expertise, and style to select the advisor you mesh best with.<br/></li></ul></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Steps to Finding a New Financial Advisor or Planner </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Naturally, if you choose to seek out a woman financial advisor, you will want a professional who has the proper training and qualifications. One way to start is to check out rankings of women in the business, such as in<em> Forbes'</em> America's Top Women Wealth Advisors 2023 list, which offers a breakdown by state, and the 2023 Top Women Financial Advisors Ranked by Barron's, which reflects <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp">assets under management (AUM)</a>, the revenue they generate for their firms, and the quality of their practices.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Some of these star advisors require high minimums to invest, but there are plenty of female financial professionals found elsewhere who do not. Resources include the Women &amp; Finance working group of the Financial Planning Association and the Women's Initiative of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA) </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-checklist-to-help-you-make-a-wise-decision"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Checklist to Help You Make a Wise Decision </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> NAPFA offers some tips for how to evaluate a prospective financial professional. They are: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <li>Talk with your loved ones about what you want to accomplish by working with an advisor.</li><li>Create a list of advisors that you've compiled through word-of-mouth advice, professional organizations, or lists.</li><li>Do your homework on potential candidates and come up with three possibilities. Pay attention to the pros, such as awards for their work, and the cons, such as any disciplinary action against them.</li><li>Devise a list of questions to ask.</li><li>Meet them face to face, if possible, or if not, by videoconferencing.</li><li>Make sure you feel confident about her experience as well as her level of expertise and the level of comfort you feel talking with her.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span><br/></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp">Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)</a> reported in 2019 that 32.1% of all personal financial advisors were women.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> The CFP board reported in 2022 that only 23.6% of all CFP professionals are women.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span></p> <p><br/></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-credentials-a-financial-advisor-or-planner-may-have"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Credentials a Financial Advisor or Planner May Have </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> There are three designations a qualified financial planner might have, but the first—<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfp.asp">Certified Financial Planner (CFP)</a>—is the most important. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> A CFP is a formal recognition of expertise in the areas of financial planning, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and retirement, such as with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k)s</a>. Owned and awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., the designation is awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial exams and then participate in ongoing annual education programs to sustain their skills and certification.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> A better prepared financial advisor has a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfa.asp">chartered financial analyst (CFA)</a> designation. A CFA is a globally recognized professional designation given by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfainstitute.asp">CFA Institute</a> (formerly the Association for Investment Management and Research, or AIMR) that measures and certifies the competence and integrity of financial analysts. Candidates are required to pass three levels of exams covering areas such as accounting, economics, ethics, money management, and security analysis.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> If you have a situation that deals with taxes and accounting in particular, you may want an advisor who is also a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpa.asp">certified public accountant (CPA)</a>. A CPA is a designation provided to licensed accounting professionals. The CPA license is provided by the Board of Accountancy for each state. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) provides resources on obtaining the license. The CPA designation helps enforce professional standards in the accounting industry.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> Other countries have certifications equivalent to the CPA designation, notably the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ca.asp">chartered accountant (CA)</a> designation.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-financial-advisor"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Financial Advisor?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-advisor.asp">financial advisor</a> is a broad term that covers many types of professionals. They may help you manage your investments by facilitating the buying and selling of securities. These individuals include bankers, accountants, stockbrokers, insurance agents, and estate planners. Financial advisors handle a wide range of money matters for individuals and businesses, while a financial planner handles more specialized matters.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-bureau-of-labor-statistics-bls"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a federal agency that collects and disseminates various data about the U.S. economy and labor market.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> Its reports include the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumerpriceindex.asp">Consumer Price Index (CPI)</a> and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/ppi.asp">Producer Price Index (PPI)</a>, both of which are considered to be important measures of inflation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-certified-financial-planner-cfp"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP)?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Certified Financial Planner (CFP) is a formal recognition of expertise in the areas of financial planning, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and retirement. Owned and awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., the designation is awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial exams and then continue ongoing annual education programs to sustain their skills and certification.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Some women may prefer to work with female financial advisors to help them <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/building-better-retirement-strategies-for-women-8367558">plan their finances</a> and maximize their earnings. The good news is that there are plenty of highly qualified professionals to choose from, and by understanding the different designations a financial planner can have (CFP, CFA, CPA) and clarifying your goals and values, you can approach the search for a financial planner with confidence and ease. </p></div>
Some women prefer to see female doctors over male ones for a number of reasons, including greater familiarity with their personal health concerns and, in some cases, a manner that meshes better with their own, including their style of expressing empathy or their ability to listen. Similarly, women financial advisors may be more attuned to the concerns that women clients have, such as how to plan for blended families, intergenerational issues, or sudden wealth. The good news is that there are a number of highly qualified women financial advisors and planners. The [Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp) reported in 2019 that 32.1% of all personal financial advisors were women. ### Key Takeaways * A woman financial advisor or planner may be a good fit for clients who feel more comfortable being candid with woman financial planners and advisors. * Women financial advisors may understand issues such as blended families, intergenerational issues, and sudden wealth in a more holistic or empathetic way than men. * Look for a woman financial advisor through word-of-mouth recommendations, local organizations, and resources including the Women & Finance working group of the Financial Planning Association and the Women's Initiative of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA). * Next, meet with different advisors to assess their credentials, work expertise, and style to select the advisor you mesh best with. ### Steps to Finding a New Financial Advisor or Planner Naturally, if you choose to seek out a woman financial advisor, you will want a professional who has the proper training and qualifications. One way to start is to check out rankings of women in the business, such as in *Forbes'* America's Top Women Wealth Advisors 2023 list, which offers a breakdown by state, and the 2023 Top Women Financial Advisors Ranked by Barron's, which reflects [assets under management (AUM)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp), the revenue they generate for their firms, and the quality of their practices. Some of these star advisors require high minimums to invest, but there are plenty of female financial professionals found elsewhere who do not. Resources include the Women & Finance working group of the Financial Planning Association and the Women's Initiative of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA) ## Checklist to Help You Make a Wise Decision NAPFA offers some tips for how to evaluate a prospective financial professional. They are: * Talk with your loved ones about what you want to accomplish by working with an advisor. * Create a list of advisors that you've compiled through word-of-mouth advice, professional organizations, or lists. * Do your homework on potential candidates and come up with three possibilities. Pay attention to the pros, such as awards for their work, and the cons, such as any disciplinary action against them. * Devise a list of questions to ask. * Meet them face to face, if possible, or if not, by videoconferencing. * Make sure you feel confident about her experience as well as her level of expertise and the level of comfort you feel talking with her. ### The [Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp) reported in 2019 that 32.1% of all personal financial advisors were women. The CFP board reported in 2022 that only 23.6% of all CFP professionals are women. ## Credentials a Financial Advisor or Planner May Have There are three designations a qualified financial planner might have, but the first—[Certified Financial Planner (CFP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfp.asp)—is the most important. A CFP is a formal recognition of expertise in the areas of financial planning, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and retirement, such as with [401(k)s](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp). Owned and awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., the designation is awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial exams and then participate in ongoing annual education programs to sustain their skills and certification. A better prepared financial advisor has a [chartered financial analyst (CFA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfa.asp) designation. A CFA is a globally recognized professional designation given by the [CFA Institute](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfainstitute.asp) (formerly the Association for Investment Management and Research, or AIMR) that measures and certifies the competence and integrity of financial analysts. Candidates are required to pass three levels of exams covering areas such as accounting, economics, ethics, money management, and security analysis. If you have a situation that deals with taxes and accounting in particular, you may want an advisor who is also a [certified public accountant (CPA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpa.asp). A CPA is a designation provided to licensed accounting professionals. The CPA license is provided by the Board of Accountancy for each state. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) provides resources on obtaining the license. The CPA designation helps enforce professional standards in the accounting industry. Other countries have certifications equivalent to the CPA designation, notably the [chartered accountant (CA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ca.asp) designation. ## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ## What Is a Financial Advisor? A [financial advisor](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-advisor.asp) is a broad term that covers many types of professionals. They may help you manage your investments by facilitating the buying and selling of securities. These individuals include bankers, accountants, stockbrokers, insurance agents, and estate planners. Financial advisors handle a wide range of money matters for individuals and businesses, while a financial planner handles more specialized matters. ## What Is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)? The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a federal agency that collects and disseminates various data about the U.S. economy and labor market. Its reports include the [Consumer Price Index (CPI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumerpriceindex.asp) and the [Producer Price Index (PPI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/ppi.asp), both of which are considered to be important measures of inflation. ## What Is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP)? Certified Financial Planner (CFP) is a formal recognition of expertise in the areas of financial planning, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and retirement. Owned and awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., the designation is awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial exams and then continue ongoing annual education programs to sustain their skills and certification. ## The Bottom Line Some women may prefer to work with female financial advisors to help them [plan their finances](https://www.investopedia.com/building-better-retirement-strategies-for-women-8367558) and maximize their earnings. The good news is that there are plenty of highly qualified professionals to choose from, and by understanding the different designations a financial planner can have (CFP, CFA, CPA) and clarifying your goals and values, you can approach the search for a financial planner with confidence and ease.
Some women prefer to see female doctors over male ones for a number of reasons, including greater familiarity with their personal health concerns and, in some cases, a manner that meshes better with their own, including their style of expressing empathy or their ability to listen. Similarly, women financial advisors may be more attuned to the concerns that women clients have, such as how to plan for blended families, intergenerational issues, or sudden wealth. The good news is that there are a number of highly qualified women financial advisors and planners. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported in 2019 that 32.1% of all personal financial advisors were women. Key Takeaways A woman financial advisor or planner may be a good fit for clients who feel more comfortable being candid with woman financial planners and advisors.Women financial advisors may understand issues such as blended families, intergenerational issues, and sudden wealth in a more holistic or empathetic way than men.Look for a woman financial advisor through word-of-mouth recommendations, local organizations, and resources including the Women & Finance working group of the Financial Planning Association and the Women's Initiative of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA).Next, meet with different advisors to assess their credentials, work expertise, and style to select the advisor you mesh best with. Steps to Finding a New Financial Advisor or Planner Naturally, if you choose to seek out a woman financial advisor, you will want a professional who has the proper training and qualifications. One way to start is to check out rankings of women in the business, such as in Forbes' America's Top Women Wealth Advisors 2023 list, which offers a breakdown by state, and the 2023 Top Women Financial Advisors Ranked by Barron's, which reflects assets under management (AUM), the revenue they generate for their firms, and the quality of their practices. Some of these star advisors require high minimums to invest, but there are plenty of female financial professionals found elsewhere who do not. Resources include the Women & Finance working group of the Financial Planning Association and the Women's Initiative of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA) Checklist to Help You Make a Wise Decision NAPFA offers some tips for how to evaluate a prospective financial professional. They are: Talk with your loved ones about what you want to accomplish by working with an advisor.Create a list of advisors that you've compiled through word-of-mouth advice, professional organizations, or lists.Do your homework on potential candidates and come up with three possibilities. Pay attention to the pros, such as awards for their work, and the cons, such as any disciplinary action against them.Devise a list of questions to ask.Meet them face to face, if possible, or if not, by videoconferencing.Make sure you feel confident about her experience as well as her level of expertise and the level of comfort you feel talking with her. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported in 2019 that 32.1% of all personal financial advisors were women. The CFP board reported in 2022 that only 23.6% of all CFP professionals are women. Credentials a Financial Advisor or Planner May Have There are three designations a qualified financial planner might have, but the first—Certified Financial Planner (CFP)—is the most important. A CFP is a formal recognition of expertise in the areas of financial planning, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and retirement, such as with 401(k)s. Owned and awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., the designation is awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial exams and then participate in ongoing annual education programs to sustain their skills and certification. A better prepared financial advisor has a chartered financial analyst (CFA) designation. A CFA is a globally recognized professional designation given by the CFA Institute (formerly the Association for Investment Management and Research, or AIMR) that measures and certifies the competence and integrity of financial analysts. Candidates are required to pass three levels of exams covering areas such as accounting, economics, ethics, money management, and security analysis. If you have a situation that deals with taxes and accounting in particular, you may want an advisor who is also a certified public accountant (CPA). A CPA is a designation provided to licensed accounting professionals. The CPA license is provided by the Board of Accountancy for each state. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) provides resources on obtaining the license. The CPA designation helps enforce professional standards in the accounting industry. Other countries have certifications equivalent to the CPA designation, notably the chartered accountant (CA) designation. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) What Is a Financial Advisor? A financial advisor is a broad term that covers many types of professionals. They may help you manage your investments by facilitating the buying and selling of securities. These individuals include bankers, accountants, stockbrokers, insurance agents, and estate planners. Financial advisors handle a wide range of money matters for individuals and businesses, while a financial planner handles more specialized matters. What Is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)? The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a federal agency that collects and disseminates various data about the U.S. economy and labor market. Its reports include the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI), both of which are considered to be important measures of inflation. What Is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP)? Certified Financial Planner (CFP) is a formal recognition of expertise in the areas of financial planning, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and retirement. Owned and awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., the designation is awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial exams and then continue ongoing annual education programs to sustain their skills and certification. The Bottom Line Some women may prefer to work with female financial advisors to help them plan their finances and maximize their earnings. The good news is that there are plenty of highly qualified professionals to choose from, and by understanding the different designations a financial planner can have (CFP, CFA, CPA) and clarifying your goals and values, you can approach the search for a financial planner with confidence and ease.
[ [ "Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp" ], [ "assets under management (AUM)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp" ], [ "Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp" ], [ "Certified Financial Planner (CFP)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfp.asp" ], [ "401(k)s", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp" ], [ "chartered financial analyst (CFA)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfa.asp" ], [ "CFA Institute", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfainstitute.asp" ], [ "certified public accountant (CPA)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpa.asp" ], [ "chartered accountant (CA)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ca.asp" ], [ "financial advisor", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-advisor.asp" ], [ "Consumer Price Index (CPI)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumerpriceindex.asp" ], [ "Producer Price Index (PPI)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/ppi.asp" ], [ "plan their finances", "https://www.investopedia.com/building-better-retirement-strategies-for-women-8367558" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/04/021204.asp
What Are Unrealized Gains and Losses?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Gains and losses are the inevitable outcomes of investing. Every investor seeks gains. But when things don't go as hoped, there's a good chance an investment <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp">portfolio</a> will experience losses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedprofit.asp">gain</a> occurs when the current price of an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset.asp">asset</a> rises above what an investor pays. A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedloss.asp">loss</a>, in contrast, means the price has dropped since the investment was made. Put simply, a gain is an increase in the value of an asset, while a loss refers to the loss of value. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Both gains and losses can be divided into realized and unrealized. Investors realize a gain or a loss when they sell an asset unless the realized price matches exactly what they paid. Unrealized gains and losses reflect changes in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/realizedprofitsvsunrealizedprofits.asp">value of an investment before it is sold</a>. This article examines the differences between realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as their respective tax consequences. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>An unrealized gain is an increase in the value of an asset or investment that an investor has not sold, such as an open stock position.</li><li>An unrealized loss is a decrease in the value of an ongoing investment.</li><li>A gain or loss on an investment is realized when it is sold.</li><li>Capital gains are taxed and capital losses may be deducted only after they're realized from the sale of an asset.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></li><li>Unrealized gains and losses remain subject to change, but they can help you minimize the taxes you owe.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-dealing-with-unrealized-gains"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Dealing With Unrealized Gains </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> The value of a financial asset traded in financial markets can change any time those markets are open for trading, even if an investor does nothing. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> For example, if you bought stock in Acme, Inc, at $30 per share and the most recent quoted price is $42, you're sitting on an unrealized gain of $12 per share. You could realize that gain if you sold Acme at $42 per share. Otherwise, your bottom line would continue to fluctuate with the share price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Unrealized gains and losses are also called paper profits or losses. That's because the gain or loss only exists while the asset is in the investor's possession and on paper, generally on the investor's ledger.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-handling-unrealized-losses"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Handling Unrealized Losses </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> A realized loss is the opposite of a realized gain. It happens when an asset is sold for less than its purchase price. So if you purchase a share of stock at $50 but end up selling it for $35, you have realized a loss of $15. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Similarly, an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unrealizedloss.asp">unrealized loss</a> is the opposite of an unrealized gain. It occurs when the price of a current investment declines below its purchase price. The loss remains unrealized until the investment is sold, at which point it becomes realized.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0">Advisor Insight</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/theodore-saade-4692604">Theodore E. Saade, CFP®, AIF®, CMFC</a><br/>Signature Estate &amp; Investment Advisors LLC, Los Angeles, CA</p> <p>Unrealized gains and losses (aka “paper” gains/losses) are the amount you are either up or down on the securities you’ve purchased but not yet sold. Generally, unrealized gains/losses do not affect you until you actually sell the security and thus “realize” the gain/loss. You will then be subject to taxation, assuming the assets were not in a tax-deferred account.</p> <p>If, say, you bought 100 shares of stock “XYZ” for $20 per share and they rose to $40 per share, you’d have an unrealized gain of $2,000. If you were to sell this position, you’d have a realized gain of $2,000, and owe taxes on it.</p> <p>Tax-loss harvesting, short/long term capital gain consideration, and your income tax bracket, are important factors to consider when deciding on what steps to take with positions at a gain or loss.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-assessing-tax-consequences"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Assessing Tax Consequences </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> There are no immediate tax implications associated with unrealized gains and losses. Until an investment is sold its performance is not reported to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp">Internal Revenue Service</a> (IRS) and has no bearing on the investor's taxes owed.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> At the same time, calculating your unrealized gains (or losses) in a taxable investment account is essential for figuring out the tax consequences of a sale. Because realized capital losses can offset otherwise taxable capital gains and, to a limited extent, ordinary taxable income, many investors attempt to time asset sales in a way that minimizes their tax bill.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-capital-gains-are-taxed"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Capital Gains Are Taxed </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> You must report a capital gain or loss on the tax return for the year in which the asset was sold. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgain.asp">Capital gains</a> are categorized as short- and long-term. Short-term capital gains refer to realized gains on assets held for a year or less and are taxed as ordinary income.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> To qualify for the lower tax rates on long-term capital gains, an investment must have been held for more than a year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> Long-term capital gains are taxed at the following rates for 2023: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <li>0% for taxpayers with taxable income of $44,625 or less for single filers ($41,675 or less in 2022) or $89,250 for married couples filing jointly ($83,350 or less in 2022)</li> <li>15% for single filers with taxable income between $44,626 and $492,300 ($41,676 and $459,750 in 2022) or between $89,251 and $553,850 for married couples filing jointly (between $83,356 and $517,200 in 2022)</li> <li>20% for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxableincome.asp">taxable incomes</a> that exceed the 15% thresholds<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> When you claim <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalloss.asp">capital losses</a>, make sure you're strategic about how you <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100515/heres-how-deduct-your-stock-losses-your-tax-bill.asp">deduct them</a>. For instance: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <li>You can use capital losses to reduce your tax burden by offsetting any capital gains that occur in the same year.</li> <li>You can roll over capital losses to reduce your tax burden of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/062713/capital-losses-and-tax.asp">future capital gains</a>.</li> <li>You can use a capital loss to offset ordinary income up to the allowed amount even if you don't have any capital gains that year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> You might be able to take a total capital loss on a stock you own that goes to zero because the company declared <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp">bankruptcy</a>. Check with a tax professional about the best strategy for you and the forms you'll need.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>You can claim a capital loss for any securities you own and relinquish, but there are restrictions on deducting uncollectible <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/baddebt.asp">bad debts</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-unrealized-gains-and-losses"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of Unrealized Gains and Losses </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Let's say you buy <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shares.asp">shares</a> in TSJ Sports Conglomerate at $10 per share. But the price plummets to $3 per share shortly thereafter. You decide not to sell it at this point, which means you have an unrealized loss of $7 per share. That's because the value of your shares is $7 dollars less than when you first entered into the position. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> Now, let's say the company's fortunes shift and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/061615/how-companys-share-price-determined.asp">share price</a> soars to $18. Since you still own the shares, you now have an unrealized gain of $8 per share—$8 above where you first bought into the company. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-are-unrealized-gains-and-losses-accounted-for"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Are Unrealized Gains and Losses Accounted for?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Unlike realized capital gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses are not reported to the IRS. But investors and companies often record them on their balance sheets to indicate the changes in values of any assets (or debts) that haven't been realized or settled as of yet.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-unrealized-gains-taxed"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are Unrealized Gains Taxed?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Unrealized gains are not taxed by the IRS. This means you don't have to report them on your annual tax return. Capital gains are only taxed if they are realized, which means you dispose of the asset. These gains must be reported in the year they occur.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-invest-my-capital-gains-to-avoid-paying-taxes"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Invest My Capital Gains to Avoid Paying Taxes?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>There are certain investments that reinvest capital gains, thereby allowing you to avoid paying taxes. For instance, capital gains that are realized for mutual funds or stocks held in a retirement account may be reinvested automatically on a tax-free basis. This means you don't have to report them and, as such, don't increase your tax burden.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> Selling an asset may result in a capital gain or loss. This depends on whether its value increases or decreases from the original purchase price. But you can still experience a gain or loss even if you don't dispose of the asset. This is called an unrealized gain or loss. Although you may not make or lose money from unrealized gains and losses, they can help you make important decisions about your investment portfolio so it's important to keep track of how your assets are performing.<br> </br></p></div>
Gains and losses are the inevitable outcomes of investing. Every investor seeks gains. But when things don't go as hoped, there's a good chance an investment [portfolio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp) will experience losses. A [gain](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedprofit.asp) occurs when the current price of an [asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset.asp) rises above what an investor pays. A [loss](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedloss.asp), in contrast, means the price has dropped since the investment was made. Put simply, a gain is an increase in the value of an asset, while a loss refers to the loss of value. Both gains and losses can be divided into realized and unrealized. Investors realize a gain or a loss when they sell an asset unless the realized price matches exactly what they paid. Unrealized gains and losses reflect changes in the [value of an investment before it is sold](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/realizedprofitsvsunrealizedprofits.asp). This article examines the differences between realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as their respective tax consequences. ### Key Takeaways * An unrealized gain is an increase in the value of an asset or investment that an investor has not sold, such as an open stock position. * An unrealized loss is a decrease in the value of an ongoing investment. * A gain or loss on an investment is realized when it is sold. * Capital gains are taxed and capital losses may be deducted only after they're realized from the sale of an asset. * Unrealized gains and losses remain subject to change, but they can help you minimize the taxes you owe. ## Dealing With Unrealized Gains The value of a financial asset traded in financial markets can change any time those markets are open for trading, even if an investor does nothing. For example, if you bought stock in Acme, Inc, at $30 per share and the most recent quoted price is $42, you're sitting on an unrealized gain of $12 per share. You could realize that gain if you sold Acme at $42 per share. Otherwise, your bottom line would continue to fluctuate with the share price. ### Unrealized gains and losses are also called paper profits or losses. That's because the gain or loss only exists while the asset is in the investor's possession and on paper, generally on the investor's ledger. ## Handling Unrealized Losses A realized loss is the opposite of a realized gain. It happens when an asset is sold for less than its purchase price. So if you purchase a share of stock at $50 but end up selling it for $35, you have realized a loss of $15. Similarly, an [unrealized loss](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unrealizedloss.asp) is the opposite of an unrealized gain. It occurs when the price of a current investment declines below its purchase price. The loss remains unrealized until the investment is sold, at which point it becomes realized. ### Advisor Insight [Theodore E. Saade, CFP®, AIF®, CMFC](https://www.investopedia.com/theodore-saade-4692604) Signature Estate & Investment Advisors LLC, Los Angeles, CA Unrealized gains and losses (aka “paper” gains/losses) are the amount you are either up or down on the securities you’ve purchased but not yet sold. Generally, unrealized gains/losses do not affect you until you actually sell the security and thus “realize” the gain/loss. You will then be subject to taxation, assuming the assets were not in a tax-deferred account. If, say, you bought 100 shares of stock “XYZ” for $20 per share and they rose to $40 per share, you’d have an unrealized gain of $2,000. If you were to sell this position, you’d have a realized gain of $2,000, and owe taxes on it. Tax-loss harvesting, short/long term capital gain consideration, and your income tax bracket, are important factors to consider when deciding on what steps to take with positions at a gain or loss. ## Assessing Tax Consequences There are no immediate tax implications associated with unrealized gains and losses. Until an investment is sold its performance is not reported to the [Internal Revenue Service](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp) (IRS) and has no bearing on the investor's taxes owed. At the same time, calculating your unrealized gains (or losses) in a taxable investment account is essential for figuring out the tax consequences of a sale. Because realized capital losses can offset otherwise taxable capital gains and, to a limited extent, ordinary taxable income, many investors attempt to time asset sales in a way that minimizes their tax bill. ## How Capital Gains Are Taxed You must report a capital gain or loss on the tax return for the year in which the asset was sold. [Capital gains](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgain.asp) are categorized as short- and long-term. Short-term capital gains refer to realized gains on assets held for a year or less and are taxed as ordinary income. To qualify for the lower tax rates on long-term capital gains, an investment must have been held for more than a year. Long-term capital gains are taxed at the following rates for 2023: * 0% for taxpayers with taxable income of $44,625 or less for single filers ($41,675 or less in 2022) or $89,250 for married couples filing jointly ($83,350 or less in 2022) * 15% for single filers with taxable income between $44,626 and $492,300 ($41,676 and $459,750 in 2022) or between $89,251 and $553,850 for married couples filing jointly (between $83,356 and $517,200 in 2022) * 20% for [taxable incomes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxableincome.asp) that exceed the 15% thresholds When you claim [capital losses](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalloss.asp), make sure you're strategic about how you [deduct them](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100515/heres-how-deduct-your-stock-losses-your-tax-bill.asp). For instance: * You can use capital losses to reduce your tax burden by offsetting any capital gains that occur in the same year. * You can roll over capital losses to reduce your tax burden of [future capital gains](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/062713/capital-losses-and-tax.asp). * You can use a capital loss to offset ordinary income up to the allowed amount even if you don't have any capital gains that year. You might be able to take a total capital loss on a stock you own that goes to zero because the company declared [bankruptcy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp). Check with a tax professional about the best strategy for you and the forms you'll need. ### You can claim a capital loss for any securities you own and relinquish, but there are restrictions on deducting uncollectible [bad debts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/baddebt.asp). ## Example of Unrealized Gains and Losses Let's say you buy [shares](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shares.asp) in TSJ Sports Conglomerate at $10 per share. But the price plummets to $3 per share shortly thereafter. You decide not to sell it at this point, which means you have an unrealized loss of $7 per share. That's because the value of your shares is $7 dollars less than when you first entered into the position. Now, let's say the company's fortunes shift and the [share price](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/061615/how-companys-share-price-determined.asp) soars to $18. Since you still own the shares, you now have an unrealized gain of $8 per share—$8 above where you first bought into the company. ## How Are Unrealized Gains and Losses Accounted for? Unlike realized capital gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses are not reported to the IRS. But investors and companies often record them on their balance sheets to indicate the changes in values of any assets (or debts) that haven't been realized or settled as of yet. ## Are Unrealized Gains Taxed? Unrealized gains are not taxed by the IRS. This means you don't have to report them on your annual tax return. Capital gains are only taxed if they are realized, which means you dispose of the asset. These gains must be reported in the year they occur. ## Can I Invest My Capital Gains to Avoid Paying Taxes? There are certain investments that reinvest capital gains, thereby allowing you to avoid paying taxes. For instance, capital gains that are realized for mutual funds or stocks held in a retirement account may be reinvested automatically on a tax-free basis. This means you don't have to report them and, as such, don't increase your tax burden. ## The Bottom Line Selling an asset may result in a capital gain or loss. This depends on whether its value increases or decreases from the original purchase price. But you can still experience a gain or loss even if you don't dispose of the asset. This is called an unrealized gain or loss. Although you may not make or lose money from unrealized gains and losses, they can help you make important decisions about your investment portfolio so it's important to keep track of how your assets are performing.
Gains and losses are the inevitable outcomes of investing. Every investor seeks gains. But when things don't go as hoped, there's a good chance an investment portfolio will experience losses. A gain occurs when the current price of an asset rises above what an investor pays. A loss, in contrast, means the price has dropped since the investment was made. Put simply, a gain is an increase in the value of an asset, while a loss refers to the loss of value. Both gains and losses can be divided into realized and unrealized. Investors realize a gain or a loss when they sell an asset unless the realized price matches exactly what they paid. Unrealized gains and losses reflect changes in the value of an investment before it is sold. This article examines the differences between realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as their respective tax consequences. Key Takeaways An unrealized gain is an increase in the value of an asset or investment that an investor has not sold, such as an open stock position.An unrealized loss is a decrease in the value of an ongoing investment.A gain or loss on an investment is realized when it is sold.Capital gains are taxed and capital losses may be deducted only after they're realized from the sale of an asset.Unrealized gains and losses remain subject to change, but they can help you minimize the taxes you owe. Dealing With Unrealized Gains The value of a financial asset traded in financial markets can change any time those markets are open for trading, even if an investor does nothing. For example, if you bought stock in Acme, Inc, at $30 per share and the most recent quoted price is $42, you're sitting on an unrealized gain of $12 per share. You could realize that gain if you sold Acme at $42 per share. Otherwise, your bottom line would continue to fluctuate with the share price. Unrealized gains and losses are also called paper profits or losses. That's because the gain or loss only exists while the asset is in the investor's possession and on paper, generally on the investor's ledger. Handling Unrealized Losses A realized loss is the opposite of a realized gain. It happens when an asset is sold for less than its purchase price. So if you purchase a share of stock at $50 but end up selling it for $35, you have realized a loss of $15. Similarly, an unrealized loss is the opposite of an unrealized gain. It occurs when the price of a current investment declines below its purchase price. The loss remains unrealized until the investment is sold, at which point it becomes realized. Advisor Insight Theodore E. Saade, CFP®, AIF®, CMFCSignature Estate & Investment Advisors LLC, Los Angeles, CA Unrealized gains and losses (aka “paper” gains/losses) are the amount you are either up or down on the securities you’ve purchased but not yet sold. Generally, unrealized gains/losses do not affect you until you actually sell the security and thus “realize” the gain/loss. You will then be subject to taxation, assuming the assets were not in a tax-deferred account. If, say, you bought 100 shares of stock “XYZ” for $20 per share and they rose to $40 per share, you’d have an unrealized gain of $2,000. If you were to sell this position, you’d have a realized gain of $2,000, and owe taxes on it. Tax-loss harvesting, short/long term capital gain consideration, and your income tax bracket, are important factors to consider when deciding on what steps to take with positions at a gain or loss. Assessing Tax Consequences There are no immediate tax implications associated with unrealized gains and losses. Until an investment is sold its performance is not reported to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and has no bearing on the investor's taxes owed. At the same time, calculating your unrealized gains (or losses) in a taxable investment account is essential for figuring out the tax consequences of a sale. Because realized capital losses can offset otherwise taxable capital gains and, to a limited extent, ordinary taxable income, many investors attempt to time asset sales in a way that minimizes their tax bill. How Capital Gains Are Taxed You must report a capital gain or loss on the tax return for the year in which the asset was sold. Capital gains are categorized as short- and long-term. Short-term capital gains refer to realized gains on assets held for a year or less and are taxed as ordinary income. To qualify for the lower tax rates on long-term capital gains, an investment must have been held for more than a year. Long-term capital gains are taxed at the following rates for 2023: 0% for taxpayers with taxable income of $44,625 or less for single filers ($41,675 or less in 2022) or $89,250 for married couples filing jointly ($83,350 or less in 2022) 15% for single filers with taxable income between $44,626 and $492,300 ($41,676 and $459,750 in 2022) or between $89,251 and $553,850 for married couples filing jointly (between $83,356 and $517,200 in 2022) 20% for taxable incomes that exceed the 15% thresholds When you claim capital losses, make sure you're strategic about how you deduct them. For instance: You can use capital losses to reduce your tax burden by offsetting any capital gains that occur in the same year. You can roll over capital losses to reduce your tax burden of future capital gains. You can use a capital loss to offset ordinary income up to the allowed amount even if you don't have any capital gains that year. You might be able to take a total capital loss on a stock you own that goes to zero because the company declared bankruptcy. Check with a tax professional about the best strategy for you and the forms you'll need. You can claim a capital loss for any securities you own and relinquish, but there are restrictions on deducting uncollectible bad debts. Example of Unrealized Gains and Losses Let's say you buy shares in TSJ Sports Conglomerate at $10 per share. But the price plummets to $3 per share shortly thereafter. You decide not to sell it at this point, which means you have an unrealized loss of $7 per share. That's because the value of your shares is $7 dollars less than when you first entered into the position. Now, let's say the company's fortunes shift and the share price soars to $18. Since you still own the shares, you now have an unrealized gain of $8 per share—$8 above where you first bought into the company. How Are Unrealized Gains and Losses Accounted for? Unlike realized capital gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses are not reported to the IRS. But investors and companies often record them on their balance sheets to indicate the changes in values of any assets (or debts) that haven't been realized or settled as of yet. Are Unrealized Gains Taxed? Unrealized gains are not taxed by the IRS. This means you don't have to report them on your annual tax return. Capital gains are only taxed if they are realized, which means you dispose of the asset. These gains must be reported in the year they occur. Can I Invest My Capital Gains to Avoid Paying Taxes? There are certain investments that reinvest capital gains, thereby allowing you to avoid paying taxes. For instance, capital gains that are realized for mutual funds or stocks held in a retirement account may be reinvested automatically on a tax-free basis. This means you don't have to report them and, as such, don't increase your tax burden. The Bottom Line Selling an asset may result in a capital gain or loss. This depends on whether its value increases or decreases from the original purchase price. But you can still experience a gain or loss even if you don't dispose of the asset. This is called an unrealized gain or loss. Although you may not make or lose money from unrealized gains and losses, they can help you make important decisions about your investment portfolio so it's important to keep track of how your assets are performing.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarketaccount.asp
Money Market Account: How It Works and How It Differs From Other Bank Accounts
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-money-market-account-mma"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Money Market Account (MMA)? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The term money market account (MMA) refers to an interest-bearing account at a bank or credit union. Sometimes referred to as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/complete-guide-money-market-deposit-accounts/">money market deposit accounts (MMDA)</a>, money market accounts have some features that are not found in other types of accounts. Most money market accounts pay a higher interest rate than regular (passbook) savings accounts and often include check-writing and debit card privileges. They may also come with restrictions that make them less flexible than a regular checking account. They are important for calculating <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/13/calculating-your-tangible-net-worth.asp">tangible net worth</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Money market accounts are offered by banks and credit unions and provide the benefits and features of both savings and checking accounts. </li><li>They generally pay higher interest rates than regular savings accounts and may come with debit cards and limited check-writing privileges.</li><li>MMAs are suited for short-term goals rather than long-term financial planning.</li><li>Many banks also offer high-yield or high-interest checking accounts, which may pay better rates than money market accounts but impose more restrictions.</li><li>Alternatives to MMAs include high-yield savings accounts and certificates of deposit.</li></ul></div></div></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.8%;"> <img alt="Money Market Account (MMA)" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Q24_EXtKozNr5NZPcgSgcQQj-m8=/1080x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_Template_Moneymarketaccount-e50dbb7c2673409fa0d74b2e69b4a18f.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/PNIYQFOV702TTsAN9VH-5V-yrFo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_Template_Moneymarketaccount-e50dbb7c2673409fa0d74b2e69b4a18f.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/c-oWeUG8Irp4x0Qbq5fjGQFQk50=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_Template_Moneymarketaccount-e50dbb7c2673409fa0d74b2e69b4a18f.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="722" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1080"/> <noscript> <img alt="Money Market Account (MMA)" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="722" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/PNIYQFOV702TTsAN9VH-5V-yrFo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_Template_Moneymarketaccount-e50dbb7c2673409fa0d74b2e69b4a18f.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/c-oWeUG8Irp4x0Qbq5fjGQFQk50=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_Template_Moneymarketaccount-e50dbb7c2673409fa0d74b2e69b4a18f.jpg 750w" width="1080"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Tara Anand</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-money-market-accounts-mmas-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Work </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Money market accounts are financial products that are offered to customers at traditional and online banks and at <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditunion.asp">credit unions</a>. They give account holders some of the key benefits of a savings account while providing them with the features of a checking account, including: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <li><strong>Interest:</strong> Like savings accounts, MMAs allow account owners to earn interest on their balances. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/current-account-savings-account.asp">interest rate offered is normally higher</a> than a traditional savings account. The interest rate, though, tends to be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variableinterestrate.asp">variable</a>, which means it fluctuates as market conditions rise and fall.</li> <li><strong>Debit Cards:</strong> Some banks include a debit card with the account, which allows owners to use <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/atm.asp">automated teller machines (ATMs)</a> to make deposits, withdrawals, and transfers.</li> <li><strong>Check-Writing:</strong> Along with debit cards, clients may also be able to write checks against their account balances.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Banks often require a minimum initial deposit in order to open an MMA and balances must be maintained over a certain threshold while they are active. Banks may impose a service charge if the balance falls below that minimum amount. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Money market accounts are suited for individuals who want to earn more interest than they would with a savings account with short-term goals in mind. As such, an MMA may be a good idea if you're saving up for a specific purchase, such as a vacation, the down payment for a car, or for a rainy day or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergency_fund.asp">emergency fund</a>. They are not intended for long-term purposes like retirement.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-history-of-money-market-accounts-mmas"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> History of Money Market Accounts (MMAs) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Until the early 1980s, the federal government placed a cap or limit on the amount of interest that banks and credit unions could offer customers on their savings accounts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Many institutions gave out small appliances (such as toasters and waffle irons), and other incentives to attract deposits because they couldn’t compete with money market mutual funds when it came to interest rates. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Introduced in the 1970s, money market mutual funds are sold by brokerages and mutual fund companies.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> Under pressure from the banking industry, Congress passed the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/garn-st-germain-depository-institutions-act.asp">Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act</a> in 1982. This new law allowed banks and credit unions to offer money market accounts that paid a “money market” rate, which was higher than the previous capped rate.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-money-market-accounts-mmas"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages and Disadvantages of Money Market Accounts (MMAs) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> There are advantages and disadvantages to having a money market account, especially when you compare them to other types of accounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Their advantages include higher interest rates, check-writing, and debit card privileges. Banks and credit unions generally require customers to deposit a certain amount of money to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917">open an account</a> and to keep their account balance above a certain level. Many impose monthly fees if the balance falls below the minimum. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> These accounts also provide <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/06/fdicinsurance.asp">federal insurance protection</a>. Accounts held at banks are insured by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)</a> while those held at credit unions are insured by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua.asp">National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)</a>. The FDIC and NCUA cover certain types of accounts, including MMAs, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. Multiple insurable accounts at the same bank (checking, savings, certificate of deposit) count toward the $250,000 insurance limit. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-joint-checking-accounts-5088312">Joint accounts</a> are insured for $500,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Potential disadvantages include limited transactions, fees, and minimum balance requirements. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Higher interest rates</p></li> <li><p>Check-writing privileges</p></li> <li><p>Debit cards<br/></p></li> <li><p>Insurance protection<br/></p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Limited transactions</p></li> <li><p>Fees</p></li> <li><p>Minimum balance requirement</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p><br/>For depositors who want to insure more than $250,000, the easiest way to accomplish that is to open accounts at more than one bank or credit union.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-money-market-accounts-mmas-vs-savings-accounts"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Savings Accounts </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> One of the attractions of money market accounts is that they offer higher interest rates than savings accounts. For example, the average interest rate for an MMA in May 2022 was 0.08% while the average savings account paid about 0.07%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> When overall interest rates are higher, as they were during the 1980s, 1990s, and much of the 2000s, the gap between the two types of accounts will be wider. Money market accounts can offer higher interest rates because they're permitted to invest in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp">certificates of deposit (CDs)</a>, government securities, and commercial paper, which savings accounts cannot do. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> The interest rates on money market accounts are variable, so they rise or fall with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp">inflation</a>. How that interest is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compoundinterest.asp">compounded</a>—yearly, monthly or daily, for example—can have a substantial impact on the depositor's return, especially if they maintain a high balance in their account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Unlike savings accounts, many money market accounts offer some check-writing privileges and also provide a debit card with the account, much like a regular checking account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-warning" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>The lines between high-yield savings accounts and money market accounts are increasingly blurred, and you may want to compare both money market accounts and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633" rel="noopener noreferrer">savings account rates</a> to ensure you're picking the best product for you.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-money-market-accounts-mmas-vs-checking-accounts"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Checking Accounts </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> Money market and checking accounts <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060116/are-money-market-accounts-considered-checking-or-savings.asp">share some basic characteristics</a>—the same way they do with savings accounts. Account-holders can make unlimited deposits.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Some of them even offer debit cards, which allow account owners to make <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/point-of-sale.asp">point-of-sale (POS)</a> transactions. They can also write checks against an MMA, too. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> In April 2020, the Federal Reserve lifted restrictions set for accounts like MMAs under <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/this-government-regulation-restricts-how-often-you-can-move-money-out-of-your-savings-account-4589978">Regulation D</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> Prior to this, depositors were limited to a total of six transfers and electronic payments per month. The types of transfers affected were pre-authorized transfers (including overdraft protection), telephone transfers, electronic transfers, checks or debit card payments to third parties, ACH transactions, and wire transfers. Depositors who exceeded the limits were fined.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> Although the rules were amended under federal regulations, some banks may still impose limitations and restrictions on how their MMAs may be used. As such, it's important to check with your financial institution about the rules. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-money-market-accounts-mmas-vs-mutual-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Mutual Funds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> Unlike the various bank and credit union accounts described above, money market mutual funds, offered by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brokerage-company.asp">brokerage firms</a> and mutual fund companies, are not FDIC- or NCUA-insured. (Banks may also offer mutual funds, but they aren't insured, either.) However, because they invest in safe short-term vehicles such as CDs, government securities, and commercial paper, they are considered to be very low risk.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> Both money market accounts and money market mutual funds offer quick access to the depositor's cash. The companies that offer them, however, can place limits on how often depositors can make withdrawals or redeem shares. Others may require that any checks they write be for over a certain amount. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp">returns</a> on money market mutual funds tend to be higher than those on money market accounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> The table below compares some of the common features found in money market accounts and other types of deposit accounts. Because interest rates and other provisions can vary from one financial institution to another, it's worth shopping around. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="6">Money Market Accounts vs. 4 Alternatives</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>Money Market Account</b></td> <td><b>Savings</b></td> <td><b>Checking</b></td> <td><b>CD</b></td> <td><b>Money Market Mutual Fund</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Interest type</b></td> <td>Variable</td> <td>Variable</td> <td>Variable (or none)</td> <td>Fixed</td> <td>Variable</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Federally insured</b></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Checks</b></td> <td>Limited</td> <td>No</td> <td>Unlimited</td> <td>No</td> <td>Limited</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Debit card</b></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>No</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>No</td> <td>Sometimes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> <em>Source: Investopedia</em><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>Don't confuse a money market account with a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-marketfund.asp">money market mutual fund</a>. They're two different beasts. While a money market account is a type of deposit account, a money market mutual fund is a mutual fund that invests in highly liquid short-term assets.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-alternatives-to-money-market-accounts-mmas"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Alternatives to Money Market Accounts (MMAs) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Banks and credit unions offer many types of accounts, some with features that can make them competitive with—or superior to—money market accounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Passbook Savings Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> Unlike money market accounts, regular savings accounts typically have no initial deposit or minimum balance requirements. They also pay interest, although usually not as much as a money market account. Like money market accounts, passbook savings accounts are FDIC- or NCUA-insured.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> Check with your bank to see if there are any restrictions on withdrawals. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> High-Yield Savings Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> Many banks and credit unions also offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/09/high-yield-savings-account.asp">high-yield savings accounts</a> and, depending on the institution, the interest rate may be better than on their money market accounts. High-yield savings accounts are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> A potential downside compared with money market accounts is that they may have more rules, such as requiring direct deposits. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Regular Checking Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> Checking accounts have one big advantage over their money market cousins—unlimited transactions, including checks, ATM withdrawals, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wiretransfer.asp">wire transfers</a>, and so forth. They are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> Their main disadvantage is that they pay a very low (often zero) interest rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> High-Yield/High-Interest Checking Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> Like high-yield savings accounts, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/high-yield-checking-account-8610476">these accounts</a> offer interest rates that rival and sometimes exceed those of money market accounts. They also share the high-yield savings accounts' principal weakness, which is that they may have more complicated requirements, such as a minimum number of debit transactions each month. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> They also impose a cap—for example, $5,000—above which the high-interest rate does not apply. In other respects, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-checking-accounts-5070332">high-yield checking</a> is like regular checking, with unlimited checks, a debit card, ATM access, and FDIC or NCUA insurance.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span>  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Rewards Checking Account </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> This type of checking account may offer a sign-up bonus and other rewards, such as high yields, ATM fee reimbursements, airline miles, or cashback. The main downside is similar to high-yield checking—notably, high fees unless the depositor satisfies all the rules, which vary by the institution. Otherwise, rewards checking functions like a regular checking account, including FDIC or NCUA insurance.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Certificates of Deposit (CDs) </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> A CD is like a savings account with a fixed duration, such as three, six, nine, or 12 months, or multiple years up to 10. In exchange for locking in their money for that period of time, depositors generally get a higher rate of interest than they would with a regular savings account. However, if they withdraw their money (or part of it) early, they'll pay a penalty, usually in the form of lost interest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"> Some CDs (known as liquid CDs) don’t penalize depositors for early withdrawals but pay a lower rate of interest. CDs are FDIC- or NCUA-insured but typically offer no provision to write checks, withdraw funds with a debit card, or add to the balance after the initial purchase.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-money-market-accounts-safe"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are Money Market Accounts Safe?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Money market accounts at a bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, an independent agency of the federal government. The FDIC covers certain types of accounts, including MMAs, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> If the depositor has other insurable accounts at the same bank (checking, savings, certificate of deposit), they all count toward the $250,000 insurance limit. For depositors who want to insure more than $250,000, the easiest way to accomplish that is to open accounts at more than one bank or credit union. Joint accounts are insured for $500,000.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-the-benefits-of-money-market-accounts"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are the Benefits of Money Market Accounts?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Some of the benefits of MMAs include higher interest rates, insurance protection, check-writing, and debit card privileges. The lure of higher interest rates than savings accounts is one of the main attractions of MMAs. They are able to offer higher interest rates because they're permitted to invest in certificates of deposit, government securities, and commercial paper, which savings accounts cannot do. These accounts also offer easy access to funds as well as the flexibility to transfer funds between multiple accounts at the same institution. And unlike savings accounts, many MMAs offer some check-writing privileges and also provide a debit card with the account, much like a regular checking account.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-the-disadvantages-of-mmas"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are the Disadvantages of MMAs?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Potential disadvantages include limited transactions, fees, withdrawal restrictions, and minimum balance requirements. Banks and credit unions generally require customers to deposit a certain amount of money to open an account and to keep their account balance above a certain level. Many will impose monthly fees if the balance falls below the minimum. While some MMAs offer attractive rates, most will not be able to compete with other higher-yielding alternatives. Banks and credit unions offer many types of accounts, some with features that can make them competitive with—or superior to—money market accounts. Although the Federal Reserve amended withdrawal restrictions, banks may limit the amount of times that depositors can take money out of their MMAs.</p></div> </div></div>
## What Is a Money Market Account (MMA)? The term money market account (MMA) refers to an interest-bearing account at a bank or credit union. Sometimes referred to as [money market deposit accounts (MMDA)](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/complete-guide-money-market-deposit-accounts/), money market accounts have some features that are not found in other types of accounts. Most money market accounts pay a higher interest rate than regular (passbook) savings accounts and often include check-writing and debit card privileges. They may also come with restrictions that make them less flexible than a regular checking account. They are important for calculating [tangible net worth](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/13/calculating-your-tangible-net-worth.asp). ### Key Takeaways * Money market accounts are offered by banks and credit unions and provide the benefits and features of both savings and checking accounts. * They generally pay higher interest rates than regular savings accounts and may come with debit cards and limited check-writing privileges. * MMAs are suited for short-term goals rather than long-term financial planning. * Many banks also offer high-yield or high-interest checking accounts, which may pay better rates than money market accounts but impose more restrictions. * Alternatives to MMAs include high-yield savings accounts and certificates of deposit. ![Money Market Account (MMA)]() ![Money Market Account (MMA)](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/PNIYQFOV702TTsAN9VH-5V-yrFo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TermDefinitions_Template_Moneymarketaccount-e50dbb7c2673409fa0d74b2e69b4a18f.jpg) Investopedia / Tara Anand ## How Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Work Money market accounts are financial products that are offered to customers at traditional and online banks and at [credit unions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditunion.asp). They give account holders some of the key benefits of a savings account while providing them with the features of a checking account, including: * **Interest:** Like savings accounts, MMAs allow account owners to earn interest on their balances. The [interest rate offered is normally higher](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/current-account-savings-account.asp) than a traditional savings account. The interest rate, though, tends to be [variable](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variableinterestrate.asp), which means it fluctuates as market conditions rise and fall. * **Debit Cards:** Some banks include a debit card with the account, which allows owners to use [automated teller machines (ATMs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/atm.asp) to make deposits, withdrawals, and transfers. * **Check-Writing:** Along with debit cards, clients may also be able to write checks against their account balances. Banks often require a minimum initial deposit in order to open an MMA and balances must be maintained over a certain threshold while they are active. Banks may impose a service charge if the balance falls below that minimum amount. Money market accounts are suited for individuals who want to earn more interest than they would with a savings account with short-term goals in mind. As such, an MMA may be a good idea if you're saving up for a specific purchase, such as a vacation, the down payment for a car, or for a rainy day or [emergency fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergency_fund.asp). They are not intended for long-term purposes like retirement. ## History of Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Until the early 1980s, the federal government placed a cap or limit on the amount of interest that banks and credit unions could offer customers on their savings accounts. Many institutions gave out small appliances (such as toasters and waffle irons), and other incentives to attract deposits because they couldn’t compete with money market mutual funds when it came to interest rates. Introduced in the 1970s, money market mutual funds are sold by brokerages and mutual fund companies. Under pressure from the banking industry, Congress passed the [Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/garn-st-germain-depository-institutions-act.asp) in 1982. This new law allowed banks and credit unions to offer money market accounts that paid a “money market” rate, which was higher than the previous capped rate. ## Advantages and Disadvantages of Money Market Accounts (MMAs) There are advantages and disadvantages to having a money market account, especially when you compare them to other types of accounts. Their advantages include higher interest rates, check-writing, and debit card privileges. Banks and credit unions generally require customers to deposit a certain amount of money to [open an account](https://www.investopedia.com/best-money-market-accounts-5096917) and to keep their account balance above a certain level. Many impose monthly fees if the balance falls below the minimum. These accounts also provide [federal insurance protection](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/06/fdicinsurance.asp). Accounts held at banks are insured by the [Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp) while those held at credit unions are insured by [National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/ncua.asp). The FDIC and NCUA cover certain types of accounts, including MMAs, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. Multiple insurable accounts at the same bank (checking, savings, certificate of deposit) count toward the $250,000 insurance limit. [Joint accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/best-joint-checking-accounts-5088312) are insured for $500,000. Potential disadvantages include limited transactions, fees, and minimum balance requirements. Pros * Higher interest rates * Check-writing privileges * Debit cards * Insurance protection Cons * Limited transactions * Fees * Minimum balance requirement ### For depositors who want to insure more than $250,000, the easiest way to accomplish that is to open accounts at more than one bank or credit union. ## Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Savings Accounts One of the attractions of money market accounts is that they offer higher interest rates than savings accounts. For example, the average interest rate for an MMA in May 2022 was 0.08% while the average savings account paid about 0.07%. When overall interest rates are higher, as they were during the 1980s, 1990s, and much of the 2000s, the gap between the two types of accounts will be wider. Money market accounts can offer higher interest rates because they're permitted to invest in [certificates of deposit (CDs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp), government securities, and commercial paper, which savings accounts cannot do. The interest rates on money market accounts are variable, so they rise or fall with [inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp). How that interest is [compounded](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compoundinterest.asp)—yearly, monthly or daily, for example—can have a substantial impact on the depositor's return, especially if they maintain a high balance in their account. Unlike savings accounts, many money market accounts offer some check-writing privileges and also provide a debit card with the account, much like a regular checking account. ### The lines between high-yield savings accounts and money market accounts are increasingly blurred, and you may want to compare both money market accounts and [savings account rates](https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-savings-accounts-4770633) to ensure you're picking the best product for you. ## Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Checking Accounts Money market and checking accounts [share some basic characteristics](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060116/are-money-market-accounts-considered-checking-or-savings.asp)—the same way they do with savings accounts. Account-holders can make unlimited deposits. Some of them even offer debit cards, which allow account owners to make [point-of-sale (POS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/point-of-sale.asp) transactions. They can also write checks against an MMA, too. In April 2020, the Federal Reserve lifted restrictions set for accounts like MMAs under [Regulation D](https://www.investopedia.com/this-government-regulation-restricts-how-often-you-can-move-money-out-of-your-savings-account-4589978). Prior to this, depositors were limited to a total of six transfers and electronic payments per month. The types of transfers affected were pre-authorized transfers (including overdraft protection), telephone transfers, electronic transfers, checks or debit card payments to third parties, ACH transactions, and wire transfers. Depositors who exceeded the limits were fined. Although the rules were amended under federal regulations, some banks may still impose limitations and restrictions on how their MMAs may be used. As such, it's important to check with your financial institution about the rules. ## Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Mutual Funds Unlike the various bank and credit union accounts described above, money market mutual funds, offered by [brokerage firms](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brokerage-company.asp) and mutual fund companies, are not FDIC- or NCUA-insured. (Banks may also offer mutual funds, but they aren't insured, either.) However, because they invest in safe short-term vehicles such as CDs, government securities, and commercial paper, they are considered to be very low risk. Both money market accounts and money market mutual funds offer quick access to the depositor's cash. The companies that offer them, however, can place limits on how often depositors can make withdrawals or redeem shares. Others may require that any checks they write be for over a certain amount. The [returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp) on money market mutual funds tend to be higher than those on money market accounts. The table below compares some of the common features found in money market accounts and other types of deposit accounts. Because interest rates and other provisions can vary from one financial institution to another, it's worth shopping around. | Money Market Accounts vs. 4 Alternatives | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | **Money Market Account** | **Savings** | **Checking** | **CD** | **Money Market Mutual Fund** | | **Interest type** | Variable | Variable | Variable (or none) | Fixed | Variable | | **Federally insured** | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | | **Checks** | Limited | No | Unlimited | No | Limited | | **Debit card** | Yes | No | Yes | No | Sometimes | *Source: Investopedia* ### Don't confuse a money market account with a [money market mutual fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-marketfund.asp). They're two different beasts. While a money market account is a type of deposit account, a money market mutual fund is a mutual fund that invests in highly liquid short-term assets. ## Alternatives to Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Banks and credit unions offer many types of accounts, some with features that can make them competitive with—or superior to—money market accounts. ### Passbook Savings Accounts Unlike money market accounts, regular savings accounts typically have no initial deposit or minimum balance requirements. They also pay interest, although usually not as much as a money market account. Like money market accounts, passbook savings accounts are FDIC- or NCUA-insured. Check with your bank to see if there are any restrictions on withdrawals. ### High-Yield Savings Accounts Many banks and credit unions also offer [high-yield savings accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/09/high-yield-savings-account.asp) and, depending on the institution, the interest rate may be better than on their money market accounts. High-yield savings accounts are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured. A potential downside compared with money market accounts is that they may have more rules, such as requiring direct deposits. ### Regular Checking Accounts Checking accounts have one big advantage over their money market cousins—unlimited transactions, including checks, ATM withdrawals, [wire transfers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wiretransfer.asp), and so forth. They are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured. Their main disadvantage is that they pay a very low (often zero) interest rate. ### High-Yield/High-Interest Checking Accounts Like high-yield savings accounts, [these accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/high-yield-checking-account-8610476) offer interest rates that rival and sometimes exceed those of money market accounts. They also share the high-yield savings accounts' principal weakness, which is that they may have more complicated requirements, such as a minimum number of debit transactions each month. They also impose a cap—for example, $5,000—above which the high-interest rate does not apply. In other respects, [high-yield checking](https://www.investopedia.com/best-high-yield-checking-accounts-5070332) is like regular checking, with unlimited checks, a debit card, ATM access, and FDIC or NCUA insurance.  ### Rewards Checking Account This type of checking account may offer a sign-up bonus and other rewards, such as high yields, ATM fee reimbursements, airline miles, or cashback. The main downside is similar to high-yield checking—notably, high fees unless the depositor satisfies all the rules, which vary by the institution. Otherwise, rewards checking functions like a regular checking account, including FDIC or NCUA insurance. ### Certificates of Deposit (CDs) A CD is like a savings account with a fixed duration, such as three, six, nine, or 12 months, or multiple years up to 10. In exchange for locking in their money for that period of time, depositors generally get a higher rate of interest than they would with a regular savings account. However, if they withdraw their money (or part of it) early, they'll pay a penalty, usually in the form of lost interest. Some CDs (known as liquid CDs) don’t penalize depositors for early withdrawals but pay a lower rate of interest. CDs are FDIC- or NCUA-insured but typically offer no provision to write checks, withdraw funds with a debit card, or add to the balance after the initial purchase. ## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ## Are Money Market Accounts Safe? Money market accounts at a bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, an independent agency of the federal government. The FDIC covers certain types of accounts, including MMAs, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. If the depositor has other insurable accounts at the same bank (checking, savings, certificate of deposit), they all count toward the $250,000 insurance limit. For depositors who want to insure more than $250,000, the easiest way to accomplish that is to open accounts at more than one bank or credit union. Joint accounts are insured for $500,000. ## What Are the Benefits of Money Market Accounts? Some of the benefits of MMAs include higher interest rates, insurance protection, check-writing, and debit card privileges. The lure of higher interest rates than savings accounts is one of the main attractions of MMAs. They are able to offer higher interest rates because they're permitted to invest in certificates of deposit, government securities, and commercial paper, which savings accounts cannot do. These accounts also offer easy access to funds as well as the flexibility to transfer funds between multiple accounts at the same institution. And unlike savings accounts, many MMAs offer some check-writing privileges and also provide a debit card with the account, much like a regular checking account. ## What Are the Disadvantages of MMAs? Potential disadvantages include limited transactions, fees, withdrawal restrictions, and minimum balance requirements. Banks and credit unions generally require customers to deposit a certain amount of money to open an account and to keep their account balance above a certain level. Many will impose monthly fees if the balance falls below the minimum. While some MMAs offer attractive rates, most will not be able to compete with other higher-yielding alternatives. Banks and credit unions offer many types of accounts, some with features that can make them competitive with—or superior to—money market accounts. Although the Federal Reserve amended withdrawal restrictions, banks may limit the amount of times that depositors can take money out of their MMAs.
What Is a Money Market Account (MMA)? The term money market account (MMA) refers to an interest-bearing account at a bank or credit union. Sometimes referred to as money market deposit accounts (MMDA), money market accounts have some features that are not found in other types of accounts. Most money market accounts pay a higher interest rate than regular (passbook) savings accounts and often include check-writing and debit card privileges. They may also come with restrictions that make them less flexible than a regular checking account. They are important for calculating tangible net worth. Key Takeaways Money market accounts are offered by banks and credit unions and provide the benefits and features of both savings and checking accounts. They generally pay higher interest rates than regular savings accounts and may come with debit cards and limited check-writing privileges.MMAs are suited for short-term goals rather than long-term financial planning.Many banks also offer high-yield or high-interest checking accounts, which may pay better rates than money market accounts but impose more restrictions.Alternatives to MMAs include high-yield savings accounts and certificates of deposit. Investopedia / Tara Anand How Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Work Money market accounts are financial products that are offered to customers at traditional and online banks and at credit unions. They give account holders some of the key benefits of a savings account while providing them with the features of a checking account, including: Interest: Like savings accounts, MMAs allow account owners to earn interest on their balances. The interest rate offered is normally higher than a traditional savings account. The interest rate, though, tends to be variable, which means it fluctuates as market conditions rise and fall. Debit Cards: Some banks include a debit card with the account, which allows owners to use automated teller machines (ATMs) to make deposits, withdrawals, and transfers. Check-Writing: Along with debit cards, clients may also be able to write checks against their account balances. Banks often require a minimum initial deposit in order to open an MMA and balances must be maintained over a certain threshold while they are active. Banks may impose a service charge if the balance falls below that minimum amount. Money market accounts are suited for individuals who want to earn more interest than they would with a savings account with short-term goals in mind. As such, an MMA may be a good idea if you're saving up for a specific purchase, such as a vacation, the down payment for a car, or for a rainy day or emergency fund. They are not intended for long-term purposes like retirement. History of Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Until the early 1980s, the federal government placed a cap or limit on the amount of interest that banks and credit unions could offer customers on their savings accounts. Many institutions gave out small appliances (such as toasters and waffle irons), and other incentives to attract deposits because they couldn’t compete with money market mutual funds when it came to interest rates. Introduced in the 1970s, money market mutual funds are sold by brokerages and mutual fund companies. Under pressure from the banking industry, Congress passed the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act in 1982. This new law allowed banks and credit unions to offer money market accounts that paid a “money market” rate, which was higher than the previous capped rate. Advantages and Disadvantages of Money Market Accounts (MMAs) There are advantages and disadvantages to having a money market account, especially when you compare them to other types of accounts. Their advantages include higher interest rates, check-writing, and debit card privileges. Banks and credit unions generally require customers to deposit a certain amount of money to open an account and to keep their account balance above a certain level. Many impose monthly fees if the balance falls below the minimum. These accounts also provide federal insurance protection. Accounts held at banks are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) while those held at credit unions are insured by National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). The FDIC and NCUA cover certain types of accounts, including MMAs, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. Multiple insurable accounts at the same bank (checking, savings, certificate of deposit) count toward the $250,000 insurance limit. Joint accounts are insured for $500,000. Potential disadvantages include limited transactions, fees, and minimum balance requirements. Pros Higher interest rates Check-writing privileges Debit cards Insurance protection Cons Limited transactions Fees Minimum balance requirement For depositors who want to insure more than $250,000, the easiest way to accomplish that is to open accounts at more than one bank or credit union. Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Savings Accounts One of the attractions of money market accounts is that they offer higher interest rates than savings accounts. For example, the average interest rate for an MMA in May 2022 was 0.08% while the average savings account paid about 0.07%. When overall interest rates are higher, as they were during the 1980s, 1990s, and much of the 2000s, the gap between the two types of accounts will be wider. Money market accounts can offer higher interest rates because they're permitted to invest in certificates of deposit (CDs), government securities, and commercial paper, which savings accounts cannot do. The interest rates on money market accounts are variable, so they rise or fall with inflation. How that interest is compounded—yearly, monthly or daily, for example—can have a substantial impact on the depositor's return, especially if they maintain a high balance in their account. Unlike savings accounts, many money market accounts offer some check-writing privileges and also provide a debit card with the account, much like a regular checking account. The lines between high-yield savings accounts and money market accounts are increasingly blurred, and you may want to compare both money market accounts and savings account rates to ensure you're picking the best product for you. Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Checking Accounts Money market and checking accounts share some basic characteristics—the same way they do with savings accounts. Account-holders can make unlimited deposits. Some of them even offer debit cards, which allow account owners to make point-of-sale (POS) transactions. They can also write checks against an MMA, too. In April 2020, the Federal Reserve lifted restrictions set for accounts like MMAs under Regulation D. Prior to this, depositors were limited to a total of six transfers and electronic payments per month. The types of transfers affected were pre-authorized transfers (including overdraft protection), telephone transfers, electronic transfers, checks or debit card payments to third parties, ACH transactions, and wire transfers. Depositors who exceeded the limits were fined. Although the rules were amended under federal regulations, some banks may still impose limitations and restrictions on how their MMAs may be used. As such, it's important to check with your financial institution about the rules. Money Market Accounts (MMAs) vs. Mutual Funds Unlike the various bank and credit union accounts described above, money market mutual funds, offered by brokerage firms and mutual fund companies, are not FDIC- or NCUA-insured. (Banks may also offer mutual funds, but they aren't insured, either.) However, because they invest in safe short-term vehicles such as CDs, government securities, and commercial paper, they are considered to be very low risk. Both money market accounts and money market mutual funds offer quick access to the depositor's cash. The companies that offer them, however, can place limits on how often depositors can make withdrawals or redeem shares. Others may require that any checks they write be for over a certain amount. The returns on money market mutual funds tend to be higher than those on money market accounts. The table below compares some of the common features found in money market accounts and other types of deposit accounts. Because interest rates and other provisions can vary from one financial institution to another, it's worth shopping around. Money Market Accounts vs. 4 Alternatives   Money Market Account Savings Checking CD Money Market Mutual Fund Interest type Variable Variable Variable (or none) Fixed Variable Federally insured Yes Yes Yes Yes No Checks Limited No Unlimited No Limited Debit card Yes No Yes No Sometimes Source: Investopedia Don't confuse a money market account with a money market mutual fund. They're two different beasts. While a money market account is a type of deposit account, a money market mutual fund is a mutual fund that invests in highly liquid short-term assets. Alternatives to Money Market Accounts (MMAs) Banks and credit unions offer many types of accounts, some with features that can make them competitive with—or superior to—money market accounts. Passbook Savings Accounts Unlike money market accounts, regular savings accounts typically have no initial deposit or minimum balance requirements. They also pay interest, although usually not as much as a money market account. Like money market accounts, passbook savings accounts are FDIC- or NCUA-insured. Check with your bank to see if there are any restrictions on withdrawals. High-Yield Savings Accounts Many banks and credit unions also offer high-yield savings accounts and, depending on the institution, the interest rate may be better than on their money market accounts. High-yield savings accounts are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured. A potential downside compared with money market accounts is that they may have more rules, such as requiring direct deposits. Regular Checking Accounts Checking accounts have one big advantage over their money market cousins—unlimited transactions, including checks, ATM withdrawals, wire transfers, and so forth. They are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured. Their main disadvantage is that they pay a very low (often zero) interest rate. High-Yield/High-Interest Checking Accounts Like high-yield savings accounts, these accounts offer interest rates that rival and sometimes exceed those of money market accounts. They also share the high-yield savings accounts' principal weakness, which is that they may have more complicated requirements, such as a minimum number of debit transactions each month. They also impose a cap—for example, $5,000—above which the high-interest rate does not apply. In other respects, high-yield checking is like regular checking, with unlimited checks, a debit card, ATM access, and FDIC or NCUA insurance.  Rewards Checking Account This type of checking account may offer a sign-up bonus and other rewards, such as high yields, ATM fee reimbursements, airline miles, or cashback. The main downside is similar to high-yield checking—notably, high fees unless the depositor satisfies all the rules, which vary by the institution. Otherwise, rewards checking functions like a regular checking account, including FDIC or NCUA insurance. Certificates of Deposit (CDs) A CD is like a savings account with a fixed duration, such as three, six, nine, or 12 months, or multiple years up to 10. In exchange for locking in their money for that period of time, depositors generally get a higher rate of interest than they would with a regular savings account. However, if they withdraw their money (or part of it) early, they'll pay a penalty, usually in the form of lost interest. Some CDs (known as liquid CDs) don’t penalize depositors for early withdrawals but pay a lower rate of interest. CDs are FDIC- or NCUA-insured but typically offer no provision to write checks, withdraw funds with a debit card, or add to the balance after the initial purchase. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Are Money Market Accounts Safe? Money market accounts at a bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, an independent agency of the federal government. The FDIC covers certain types of accounts, including MMAs, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. If the depositor has other insurable accounts at the same bank (checking, savings, certificate of deposit), they all count toward the $250,000 insurance limit. For depositors who want to insure more than $250,000, the easiest way to accomplish that is to open accounts at more than one bank or credit union. Joint accounts are insured for $500,000. What Are the Benefits of Money Market Accounts? Some of the benefits of MMAs include higher interest rates, insurance protection, check-writing, and debit card privileges. The lure of higher interest rates than savings accounts is one of the main attractions of MMAs. They are able to offer higher interest rates because they're permitted to invest in certificates of deposit, government securities, and commercial paper, which savings accounts cannot do. These accounts also offer easy access to funds as well as the flexibility to transfer funds between multiple accounts at the same institution. And unlike savings accounts, many MMAs offer some check-writing privileges and also provide a debit card with the account, much like a regular checking account. What Are the Disadvantages of MMAs? Potential disadvantages include limited transactions, fees, withdrawal restrictions, and minimum balance requirements. Banks and credit unions generally require customers to deposit a certain amount of money to open an account and to keep their account balance above a certain level. Many will impose monthly fees if the balance falls below the minimum. While some MMAs offer attractive rates, most will not be able to compete with other higher-yielding alternatives. Banks and credit unions offer many types of accounts, some with features that can make them competitive with—or superior to—money market accounts. Although the Federal Reserve amended withdrawal restrictions, banks may limit the amount of times that depositors can take money out of their MMAs.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/virtual-currency.asp
Virtual Currency: Definition, Types, Advantages & Disadvantages
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-virtual-currency"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Virtual Currency? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A virtual currency is a digital representation of value only available electronically. It is stored and transacted through designated software, mobile, or computer applications. Transactions involving virtual currencies occur through secure, dedicated networks or the internet. They are issued by private parties or groups of developers and are mostly unregulated.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Virtual currencies are a subset of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-money.asp">digital currencies</a>, such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp">cryptocurrencies</a> and tokens, issued by private organizations. Virtual currencies can allow for faster transaction speeds, ease of use, and broad access. However, virtual currencies can be hacked through software used to access them and are not regulated, so there is generally no legal recourse for users if they are victims of an attack.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Virtual currencies are digital representations of value whose transactions occur on online networks or the internet.</li><li>All virtual currencies are digital currencies, but the opposite is not true.</li><li>Virtual currencies are issued by private organizations or groups of developers and are mostly unregulated.</li><li>Virtual currencies strive to increase transaction speeds by removing intermediaries from the process, but they are also susceptible to hacks and online scams.<br/></li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-virtual-currencies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Virtual Currencies  </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Virtual currencies are a form of digital currency. They are issued by private parties, such as a group of developers or organizations, and are intended only for online use—they do not have a physical incarnation like paper money. Thus, they are different from digital representations of officially issued digital currency, also called <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/central-bank-digital-currency-cbdc.asp">central bank digital currency (CBDC)</a>.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Regulation </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> The term virtual currency came into existence in 2012 when the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeancentralbank.asp">European Central Bank (ECB)</a> defined it to classify types of "digital money in an unregulated environment, issued and controlled by its developers and used as a payment method among members of a specific virtual community."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>In 2023, The European Union published a broad definition in its Markets In Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation. "Crypto-assets are digital representations of value or of rights that have the potential to bring significant benefits to market participants, including retail holders of crypto-assets." Because virtual currencies represent value, they fall under MiCA jurisdiction in the EU.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp">Internal Revenue Service (IRS)</a> in the United States describes virtual currencies as "digital representations of value, other than a representation of the U.S. dollar or a foreign currency ("real currency"), that function as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span>  It also taxes trades involving certain virtual currency types, such as cryptocurrencies.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> In the United States, home to the world's most sophisticated financial markets, virtual currencies are unregulated. But regulation is seriously being considered by authorities. The trading watchdog <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp">Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)</a> has brought U.S.-based <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sec-chief-reiterates-call-for-cryptocurrency-regulation-5201311">cryptocurrency</a> exchanges under its supervision and continues to scrutinize all crypto-related products. Regulation for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stablecoin.asp">stablecoins</a>, another form of virtual currency, is also in the works. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> How Virtual Currencies are Used </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Originally released as payment methods, virtual currencies have somewhat failed to take off as a medium of exchange in mainstream society. Most commonly, they are purchased and sold by investors and traders on cryptocurrency exchanges to profit from volatile price fluctuations. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> However, they are also used in some countries by people who don't have access to other payment methods or financial services. In its 2023 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report, blockchain and crypto-assets analysis firm Chainalysis reported that cryptocurrency adoption is down from previous years; however, lower middle-income countries are adopting these currencies at a much higher rate than others.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>The Federal Reserve released a discussion paper in January 2022 on the pros and cons of a possible U.S. central bank digital currency (CBDC).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> The central bank identified the paper as one for discussion rather than a verdict on any policy outcome and invited the public to comment on its contents.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-virtual-currencies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Virtual Currencies  </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Depending on their operating network, virtual currencies are classified as follows: <br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Closed Virtual Currency </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> As the name suggests, a closed virtual currency operates in a controlled and private ecosystem. It cannot be converted into another virtual currency or a real-world fiat currency. Examples of closed virtual currencies are currencies in gaming systems. Though such currencies can be used in their respective environments (in this case, games), they cannot generally be converted into real-world cash. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Airline miles, while not typically thought of as currency, are closed virtual currencies. They are issued by private parties, can only be used to redeem specific items, and cannot be converted into an associated monetary value. <br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Open Virtual Currency  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Open virtual currencies are also known as convertible virtual currencies because they can be converted to other forms of money. They operate in open ecosystems and can be converted into another currency within or outside the platform. Examples of open virtual currencies are stablecoins and cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin and Ethereum, the two biggest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, can be converted into other cryptocurrencies or certain <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fiatmoney.asp">fiat currencies</a>. This conversion process can trigger taxes, depending on how long you hold your cryptocurrency and its market value when you purchased and sold it.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Though most open virtual currencies have a decentralized setup, certain cryptocurrencies like Ripple's XRP are centralized in design, meaning a central agency is responsible for their production and distribution. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-of-virtual-currencies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages of Virtual Currencies  </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> The advantages of virtual currencies are as follows: <br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <li>The technology rails of virtual currencies can eliminate geographical boundaries.</li> <li>Decentralized virtual currencies can eliminate intermediaries during monetary transactions and establish a direct connection between two transacting parties.</li> <li>Virtual currencies can be programmed to complete automated transactions. For example, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-contracts.asp">smart contracts</a> on Ethereum's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp">blockchain</a> can hold and release money in escrow accounts without human intervention.</li> <li>Virtual currencies are digital repositories of value and can assign value to disparate sets of objects, from gaming tokens to artwork.<br/></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-disadvantages-of-virtual-currencies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Disadvantages of Virtual Currencies  </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> The disadvantages of virtual currencies are as follows: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <li>Virtual currencies are attractive targets for hackers. There have been several cases of cryptocurrency theft by hackers.<br/></li> <li>Virtual currencies can be subject to scams. Several initial coin offerings (ICOs), which became popular after a runup in cryptocurrency prices, were <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/news/ico-scams-are-far-dead/">scams</a> in which private developers sold worthless tokens for hypothetical networks. The tokens could not be converted into other currencies.</li> <li>Unregulated virtual currencies do not offer legal recourses to investors because they are issued by private entities and, for the most part, are not regulated by financial authorities.</li> <li>Virtual currencies can be subject to highly volatile price swings.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-differences-between-digital-currencies-virtual-currencies-and-cryptocurrencies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Differences Between Digital Currencies, Virtual Currencies, and Cryptocurrencies </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> Even though they sound alike and function in a similar manner, digital, virtual, and cryptocurrencies are, in fact, different. Listed below are the main points of difference between the three types of currencies:<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> <li>All virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. Not all digital currencies, however, belong to those two categories. For example, CBDCs are not virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies.</li><li>Digital currencies can be regulated or unregulated. One example of a regulated digital currency is CBDC. Examples of unregulated digital currencies are Bitcoin and Ethereum. Most virtual currencies are unregulated, while cryptocurrencies are not regulated in any jurisdiction.</li><li>Not all digital currencies are cryptographically secured. Cryptocurrencies always use cryptography to secure their networks, while virtual currencies may or may not use cryptography to secure their networks.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-virtual-currencies"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are Virtual Currencies?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Virtual currencies are digital representations of value whose transactions are conducted only through electronic networks or the internet. They do not have a physical incarnation. </p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-the-types-of-virtual-currencies"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are the Types of Virtual Currencies?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Depending on the type of network they operate in, virtual currencies can be divided into open and closed virtual currencies. The former functions in an open ecosystem and can be converted into other virtual or fiat currencies, while the use and issue of the latter are restricted to the closed ecosystem.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-virtual-currency-digital-currency-and-cryptocurrency"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Difference Between Virtual Currency, Digital Currency and Cryptocurrency?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>All virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. But the opposite is not true—not all digital currencies are virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies. For example, CBDCs are digital currencies, but they are neither virtual currencies, which are unregulated, nor cryptocurrencies, which are usually tokens on decentralized networks.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line  </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> Virtual currencies are digital representations of value that can exist only electronically. Their transactions occur on online networks or the internet. Examples of virtual currencies include tokens and cryptocurrencies. Virtual currencies are a novel form of currency and, as such, are mostly unregulated. But that situation is changing, and an increasing number of government agencies and countries are considering the implications of introducing virtual currencies into their economies. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0">  <em>The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893%23toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1701187225102462&amp;usg=AOvVaw2vAK7IwDAxG_nzGLk-uNEj"> </a><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893%23toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1701187225102700&amp;usg=AOvVaw0btcTMmk2NK1hAotP5MOpq">warranty and liability disclaimer</a> for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.</em> </p></div>
## What Is a Virtual Currency? A virtual currency is a digital representation of value only available electronically. It is stored and transacted through designated software, mobile, or computer applications. Transactions involving virtual currencies occur through secure, dedicated networks or the internet. They are issued by private parties or groups of developers and are mostly unregulated. Virtual currencies are a subset of [digital currencies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-money.asp), such as [cryptocurrencies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp) and tokens, issued by private organizations. Virtual currencies can allow for faster transaction speeds, ease of use, and broad access. However, virtual currencies can be hacked through software used to access them and are not regulated, so there is generally no legal recourse for users if they are victims of an attack. ### Key Takeaways * Virtual currencies are digital representations of value whose transactions occur on online networks or the internet. * All virtual currencies are digital currencies, but the opposite is not true. * Virtual currencies are issued by private organizations or groups of developers and are mostly unregulated. * Virtual currencies strive to increase transaction speeds by removing intermediaries from the process, but they are also susceptible to hacks and online scams. ## Understanding Virtual Currencies Virtual currencies are a form of digital currency. They are issued by private parties, such as a group of developers or organizations, and are intended only for online use—they do not have a physical incarnation like paper money. Thus, they are different from digital representations of officially issued digital currency, also called [central bank digital currency (CBDC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/central-bank-digital-currency-cbdc.asp). ### Regulation The term virtual currency came into existence in 2012 when the [European Central Bank (ECB)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeancentralbank.asp) defined it to classify types of "digital money in an unregulated environment, issued and controlled by its developers and used as a payment method among members of a specific virtual community." ### In 2023, The European Union published a broad definition in its Markets In Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation. "Crypto-assets are digital representations of value or of rights that have the potential to bring significant benefits to market participants, including retail holders of crypto-assets." Because virtual currencies represent value, they fall under MiCA jurisdiction in the EU. The [Internal Revenue Service (IRS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp) in the United States describes virtual currencies as "digital representations of value, other than a representation of the U.S. dollar or a foreign currency ("real currency"), that function as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange."  It also taxes trades involving certain virtual currency types, such as cryptocurrencies. In the United States, home to the world's most sophisticated financial markets, virtual currencies are unregulated. But regulation is seriously being considered by authorities. The trading watchdog [Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp) has brought U.S.-based [cryptocurrency](https://www.investopedia.com/sec-chief-reiterates-call-for-cryptocurrency-regulation-5201311) exchanges under its supervision and continues to scrutinize all crypto-related products. Regulation for [stablecoins](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stablecoin.asp), another form of virtual currency, is also in the works. ### How Virtual Currencies are Used Originally released as payment methods, virtual currencies have somewhat failed to take off as a medium of exchange in mainstream society. Most commonly, they are purchased and sold by investors and traders on cryptocurrency exchanges to profit from volatile price fluctuations. However, they are also used in some countries by people who don't have access to other payment methods or financial services. In its 2023 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report, blockchain and crypto-assets analysis firm Chainalysis reported that cryptocurrency adoption is down from previous years; however, lower middle-income countries are adopting these currencies at a much higher rate than others. ### The Federal Reserve released a discussion paper in January 2022 on the pros and cons of a possible U.S. central bank digital currency (CBDC). The central bank identified the paper as one for discussion rather than a verdict on any policy outcome and invited the public to comment on its contents. ## Types of Virtual Currencies Depending on their operating network, virtual currencies are classified as follows:  ### Closed Virtual Currency As the name suggests, a closed virtual currency operates in a controlled and private ecosystem. It cannot be converted into another virtual currency or a real-world fiat currency. Examples of closed virtual currencies are currencies in gaming systems. Though such currencies can be used in their respective environments (in this case, games), they cannot generally be converted into real-world cash. Airline miles, while not typically thought of as currency, are closed virtual currencies. They are issued by private parties, can only be used to redeem specific items, and cannot be converted into an associated monetary value.  ### Open Virtual Currency Open virtual currencies are also known as convertible virtual currencies because they can be converted to other forms of money. They operate in open ecosystems and can be converted into another currency within or outside the platform. Examples of open virtual currencies are stablecoins and cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin and Ethereum, the two biggest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, can be converted into other cryptocurrencies or certain [fiat currencies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fiatmoney.asp). This conversion process can trigger taxes, depending on how long you hold your cryptocurrency and its market value when you purchased and sold it. Though most open virtual currencies have a decentralized setup, certain cryptocurrencies like Ripple's XRP are centralized in design, meaning a central agency is responsible for their production and distribution. ## Advantages of Virtual Currencies The advantages of virtual currencies are as follows:  * The technology rails of virtual currencies can eliminate geographical boundaries. * Decentralized virtual currencies can eliminate intermediaries during monetary transactions and establish a direct connection between two transacting parties. * Virtual currencies can be programmed to complete automated transactions. For example, [smart contracts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-contracts.asp) on Ethereum's [blockchain](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp) can hold and release money in escrow accounts without human intervention. * Virtual currencies are digital repositories of value and can assign value to disparate sets of objects, from gaming tokens to artwork. ## Disadvantages of Virtual Currencies The disadvantages of virtual currencies are as follows: * Virtual currencies are attractive targets for hackers. There have been several cases of cryptocurrency theft by hackers. * Virtual currencies can be subject to scams. Several initial coin offerings (ICOs), which became popular after a runup in cryptocurrency prices, were [scams](https://www.investopedia.com/news/ico-scams-are-far-dead/) in which private developers sold worthless tokens for hypothetical networks. The tokens could not be converted into other currencies. * Unregulated virtual currencies do not offer legal recourses to investors because they are issued by private entities and, for the most part, are not regulated by financial authorities. * Virtual currencies can be subject to highly volatile price swings. ## Differences Between Digital Currencies, Virtual Currencies, and Cryptocurrencies Even though they sound alike and function in a similar manner, digital, virtual, and cryptocurrencies are, in fact, different. Listed below are the main points of difference between the three types of currencies: * All virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. Not all digital currencies, however, belong to those two categories. For example, CBDCs are not virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies. * Digital currencies can be regulated or unregulated. One example of a regulated digital currency is CBDC. Examples of unregulated digital currencies are Bitcoin and Ethereum. Most virtual currencies are unregulated, while cryptocurrencies are not regulated in any jurisdiction. * Not all digital currencies are cryptographically secured. Cryptocurrencies always use cryptography to secure their networks, while virtual currencies may or may not use cryptography to secure their networks. ## What Are Virtual Currencies? Virtual currencies are digital representations of value whose transactions are conducted only through electronic networks or the internet. They do not have a physical incarnation.  ## What Are the Types of Virtual Currencies? Depending on the type of network they operate in, virtual currencies can be divided into open and closed virtual currencies. The former functions in an open ecosystem and can be converted into other virtual or fiat currencies, while the use and issue of the latter are restricted to the closed ecosystem. ## What Is the Difference Between Virtual Currency, Digital Currency and Cryptocurrency? All virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. But the opposite is not true—not all digital currencies are virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies. For example, CBDCs are digital currencies, but they are neither virtual currencies, which are unregulated, nor cryptocurrencies, which are usually tokens on decentralized networks. ## The Bottom Line Virtual currencies are digital representations of value that can exist only electronically. Their transactions occur on online networks or the internet. Examples of virtual currencies include tokens and cryptocurrencies. Virtual currencies are a novel form of currency and, as such, are mostly unregulated. But that situation is changing, and an increasing number of government agencies and countries are considering the implications of introducing virtual currencies into their economies.  *The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our[warranty and liability disclaimer](https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893%23toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1701187225102700&usg=AOvVaw0btcTMmk2NK1hAotP5MOpq) for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.*
What Is a Virtual Currency? A virtual currency is a digital representation of value only available electronically. It is stored and transacted through designated software, mobile, or computer applications. Transactions involving virtual currencies occur through secure, dedicated networks or the internet. They are issued by private parties or groups of developers and are mostly unregulated. Virtual currencies are a subset of digital currencies, such as cryptocurrencies and tokens, issued by private organizations. Virtual currencies can allow for faster transaction speeds, ease of use, and broad access. However, virtual currencies can be hacked through software used to access them and are not regulated, so there is generally no legal recourse for users if they are victims of an attack. Key Takeaways Virtual currencies are digital representations of value whose transactions occur on online networks or the internet.All virtual currencies are digital currencies, but the opposite is not true.Virtual currencies are issued by private organizations or groups of developers and are mostly unregulated.Virtual currencies strive to increase transaction speeds by removing intermediaries from the process, but they are also susceptible to hacks and online scams. Understanding Virtual Currencies  Virtual currencies are a form of digital currency. They are issued by private parties, such as a group of developers or organizations, and are intended only for online use—they do not have a physical incarnation like paper money. Thus, they are different from digital representations of officially issued digital currency, also called central bank digital currency (CBDC). Regulation The term virtual currency came into existence in 2012 when the European Central Bank (ECB) defined it to classify types of "digital money in an unregulated environment, issued and controlled by its developers and used as a payment method among members of a specific virtual community." In 2023, The European Union published a broad definition in its Markets In Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation. "Crypto-assets are digital representations of value or of rights that have the potential to bring significant benefits to market participants, including retail holders of crypto-assets." Because virtual currencies represent value, they fall under MiCA jurisdiction in the EU. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States describes virtual currencies as "digital representations of value, other than a representation of the U.S. dollar or a foreign currency ("real currency"), that function as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange."  It also taxes trades involving certain virtual currency types, such as cryptocurrencies. In the United States, home to the world's most sophisticated financial markets, virtual currencies are unregulated. But regulation is seriously being considered by authorities. The trading watchdog Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has brought U.S.-based cryptocurrency exchanges under its supervision and continues to scrutinize all crypto-related products. Regulation for stablecoins, another form of virtual currency, is also in the works. How Virtual Currencies are Used Originally released as payment methods, virtual currencies have somewhat failed to take off as a medium of exchange in mainstream society. Most commonly, they are purchased and sold by investors and traders on cryptocurrency exchanges to profit from volatile price fluctuations. However, they are also used in some countries by people who don't have access to other payment methods or financial services. In its 2023 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report, blockchain and crypto-assets analysis firm Chainalysis reported that cryptocurrency adoption is down from previous years; however, lower middle-income countries are adopting these currencies at a much higher rate than others. The Federal Reserve released a discussion paper in January 2022 on the pros and cons of a possible U.S. central bank digital currency (CBDC). The central bank identified the paper as one for discussion rather than a verdict on any policy outcome and invited the public to comment on its contents. Types of Virtual Currencies  Depending on their operating network, virtual currencies are classified as follows:  Closed Virtual Currency As the name suggests, a closed virtual currency operates in a controlled and private ecosystem. It cannot be converted into another virtual currency or a real-world fiat currency. Examples of closed virtual currencies are currencies in gaming systems. Though such currencies can be used in their respective environments (in this case, games), they cannot generally be converted into real-world cash. Airline miles, while not typically thought of as currency, are closed virtual currencies. They are issued by private parties, can only be used to redeem specific items, and cannot be converted into an associated monetary value.  Open Virtual Currency  Open virtual currencies are also known as convertible virtual currencies because they can be converted to other forms of money. They operate in open ecosystems and can be converted into another currency within or outside the platform. Examples of open virtual currencies are stablecoins and cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin and Ethereum, the two biggest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, can be converted into other cryptocurrencies or certain fiat currencies. This conversion process can trigger taxes, depending on how long you hold your cryptocurrency and its market value when you purchased and sold it. Though most open virtual currencies have a decentralized setup, certain cryptocurrencies like Ripple's XRP are centralized in design, meaning a central agency is responsible for their production and distribution. Advantages of Virtual Currencies  The advantages of virtual currencies are as follows:  The technology rails of virtual currencies can eliminate geographical boundaries. Decentralized virtual currencies can eliminate intermediaries during monetary transactions and establish a direct connection between two transacting parties. Virtual currencies can be programmed to complete automated transactions. For example, smart contracts on Ethereum's blockchain can hold and release money in escrow accounts without human intervention. Virtual currencies are digital repositories of value and can assign value to disparate sets of objects, from gaming tokens to artwork. Disadvantages of Virtual Currencies  The disadvantages of virtual currencies are as follows: Virtual currencies are attractive targets for hackers. There have been several cases of cryptocurrency theft by hackers. Virtual currencies can be subject to scams. Several initial coin offerings (ICOs), which became popular after a runup in cryptocurrency prices, were scams in which private developers sold worthless tokens for hypothetical networks. The tokens could not be converted into other currencies. Unregulated virtual currencies do not offer legal recourses to investors because they are issued by private entities and, for the most part, are not regulated by financial authorities. Virtual currencies can be subject to highly volatile price swings. Differences Between Digital Currencies, Virtual Currencies, and Cryptocurrencies Even though they sound alike and function in a similar manner, digital, virtual, and cryptocurrencies are, in fact, different. Listed below are the main points of difference between the three types of currencies: All virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. Not all digital currencies, however, belong to those two categories. For example, CBDCs are not virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies.Digital currencies can be regulated or unregulated. One example of a regulated digital currency is CBDC. Examples of unregulated digital currencies are Bitcoin and Ethereum. Most virtual currencies are unregulated, while cryptocurrencies are not regulated in any jurisdiction.Not all digital currencies are cryptographically secured. Cryptocurrencies always use cryptography to secure their networks, while virtual currencies may or may not use cryptography to secure their networks. What Are Virtual Currencies? Virtual currencies are digital representations of value whose transactions are conducted only through electronic networks or the internet. They do not have a physical incarnation.  What Are the Types of Virtual Currencies? Depending on the type of network they operate in, virtual currencies can be divided into open and closed virtual currencies. The former functions in an open ecosystem and can be converted into other virtual or fiat currencies, while the use and issue of the latter are restricted to the closed ecosystem. What Is the Difference Between Virtual Currency, Digital Currency and Cryptocurrency? All virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. But the opposite is not true—not all digital currencies are virtual currencies or cryptocurrencies. For example, CBDCs are digital currencies, but they are neither virtual currencies, which are unregulated, nor cryptocurrencies, which are usually tokens on decentralized networks. The Bottom Line  Virtual currencies are digital representations of value that can exist only electronically. Their transactions occur on online networks or the internet. Examples of virtual currencies include tokens and cryptocurrencies. Virtual currencies are a novel form of currency and, as such, are mostly unregulated. But that situation is changing, and an increasing number of government agencies and countries are considering the implications of introducing virtual currencies into their economies.  The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our warranty and liability disclaimer for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-currency-swap.asp
Cross-Currency Swap: Definition, How It Works, Uses, and Example
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-cross-currency-swap"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Cross-Currency Swap? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Cross-currency swaps are an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">over-the-counter</a> (OTC) derivative in a form of an agreement between two parties to exchange interest payments and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">principal</a> denominated in two different currencies. In a cross-currency swap, interest payments and principal in one currency are exchanged for principal and interest payments in a different currency. Interest payments are exchanged at fixed intervals during the life of the agreement. Cross-currency swaps are highly customizable and can include variable, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedinterestrate.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">fixed interest rates</a>, or both. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Since the two parties are swapping amounts of money, the cross-currency swap is not required to be shown on a company's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/balancesheet.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">balance sheet</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>Cross-currency swaps are used to lock in exchange rates for set periods of time. </li> <li>Interest rates can be fixed, variable, or a mix of both. </li> <li>These instruments trade OTC, and can thus be customized by the parties involved. </li> <li>While the exchange rate is locked in, there is still opportunity costs/gains as the exchange rate will likely change. This could result in the locked-in rate looking quite poor (or fantastic) after the transaction occurs. </li> <li>Cross-currency swaps are not typically used to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculation.asp">speculate</a>, but rather to lock in an exchange rate on a set amount of currency with a benchmarked (or fixed) interest rate. </li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-exchange-of-principal"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Exchange of Principal </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> In cross-currency, the exchange used at the beginning of the agreement is also typically used to exchange the currencies back at the end of the agreement. For example, if a swap sees company A give company B £10 million in exchange for $13.4 million, this implies a GBP/USD <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exchangerate.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">exchange rate</a> of 1.34. If the agreement is for 10 years, at the end of the 10 years these companies will exchange the same amounts back to each other, usually at the same exchange rate. The exchange rate in the market could be drastically different in 10 years, which could result in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">opportunity costs</a> or gains. That said, companies typically use these products to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">hedge</a> or lock in rates or amounts of money, not speculate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The companies may also agree to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marktomarket.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">mark-to-market</a> the notional amounts of the loan. This means that as the exchange rate fluctuates small amounts of money are transferred between the parties to compensate. This keeps the loan values the same on a marked-to-market basis. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-exchange-of-interest"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Exchange of Interest </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> A cross-currency swap can involve both parties paying a fixed rate, both parties paying a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/floatinginterestrate.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">floating rate</a>, one party paying a floating rate while the other pays a fixed rate. Since these products are over-the-counter, they can be structured in any way the two parties want. Interest payments are typically calculated quarterly.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> The interest payments are usually settled in cash, and not netted out, since each payment will be in a different currency. Therefore, on payment dates, each company pays the amount it owes in the currency they owe it in. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-uses-of-currency-swaps"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Uses of Currency Swaps </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Currency swaps are mainly used in three ways. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> First, currency swaps can be used to purchase less expensive debt. This is done by getting the best rate available of any currency and then exchanging it back to the desired currency with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backtobackloan.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">back-to-back loans</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Second, currency swaps can be used to hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Doing so helps institutions reduce the risk of being exposed to large moves in currency prices which could dramatically affect profits/costs on the parts of their business exposed to foreign markets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Last, currency swaps can be used by countries as a defense against a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-crisis.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">financial crisis</a>. Currency swaps allow countries to have access to income by allowing other countries to borrow their own currency. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-a-currency-swap"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of a Currency Swap </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> One of the most commonly used currency swaps is when companies in two different countries exchange loan amounts. They both receive the loan they want, in the currency they want, but on better terms than they could get by trying to get a loan in a foreign country on their own. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> For example, a US company, General Electric, is looking to acquire Japanese <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/j/jpy-japanese-yen.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">yen</a> and a Japanese company, Hitachi, is looking to acquire U.S. dollars (USD), these two companies could perform a swap. The Japanese company likely has better access to Japanese debt markets and could get more favorable terms on a yen loan than if the U.S. company went in directly to the Japanese debt market itself, and vice versa in the United States for the Japanese company.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Assume General Electric needs ¥100 million. The Japanese company needs $1.1 million. If they agree to exchange this amount, that implies a USD/JPY exchange rate of 90.9. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> General Electric will pay 1% on the ¥100 million loan, and the rate will be floating. This means if interest rates rise or fall, so will their interest payments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Hitachi agrees to pay 3.5% on their $1.1 million loan. This rate will also be floating. The parties could also agree to keep the interest rates fixed if they so desire. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> They agree to use the 3-month <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/libor.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">LIBOR</a> rates as their interest rate benchmarks. Interest payments will be made quarterly. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/notionalvalue.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">notional amounts</a> will be repaid in 10 years at the same exchange rate they locked the currency-swap in at. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> The difference in interest rates is due to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-conditions.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">economic conditions</a> in each country. In this example, at the time the cross-currency swap is instituted the interest rates in Japan are about 2.5% lower than in the U.S.. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> On the trade date, the two companies will exchange or swap the notional loan amounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Over the next 10 years, each party will pay the other interest. For example, General Electric will pay 1% on ¥100 million quarterly, assuming interest rates stay the same. That equates equate to ¥1 million per year or ¥250,000 per quarter. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> At the end of the agreement, they will swap back the currencies at the same exchange rate. They are not exposed to exchange rate risk, but they do face opportunity costs or gains. For example, if the USD/JPY exchange rate increases to 100 shortly after the two companies lock into the cross-currency swap. The USD has increased in value, while the yen has decreased in value. Had General Electric waited a bit longer, they could have secured the ¥100 million while only exchanging $1.0 million instead of $1.1 million. That said, companies don't typically use these agreements to speculate, they use them to lock in exchange rates for set periods of time. </p></div>
## What Is a Cross-Currency Swap? Cross-currency swaps are an [over-the-counter](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc.asp) (OTC) derivative in a form of an agreement between two parties to exchange interest payments and [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp) denominated in two different currencies. In a cross-currency swap, interest payments and principal in one currency are exchanged for principal and interest payments in a different currency. Interest payments are exchanged at fixed intervals during the life of the agreement. Cross-currency swaps are highly customizable and can include variable, [fixed interest rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedinterestrate.asp), or both. Since the two parties are swapping amounts of money, the cross-currency swap is not required to be shown on a company's [balance sheet](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/balancesheet.asp). ### Key Takeaways * Cross-currency swaps are used to lock in exchange rates for set periods of time. * Interest rates can be fixed, variable, or a mix of both. * These instruments trade OTC, and can thus be customized by the parties involved. * While the exchange rate is locked in, there is still opportunity costs/gains as the exchange rate will likely change. This could result in the locked-in rate looking quite poor (or fantastic) after the transaction occurs. * Cross-currency swaps are not typically used to [speculate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculation.asp), but rather to lock in an exchange rate on a set amount of currency with a benchmarked (or fixed) interest rate. ## Exchange of Principal In cross-currency, the exchange used at the beginning of the agreement is also typically used to exchange the currencies back at the end of the agreement. For example, if a swap sees company A give company B £10 million in exchange for $13.4 million, this implies a GBP/USD [exchange rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exchangerate.asp) of 1.34. If the agreement is for 10 years, at the end of the 10 years these companies will exchange the same amounts back to each other, usually at the same exchange rate. The exchange rate in the market could be drastically different in 10 years, which could result in [opportunity costs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp) or gains. That said, companies typically use these products to [hedge](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp) or lock in rates or amounts of money, not speculate. The companies may also agree to [mark-to-market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marktomarket.asp) the notional amounts of the loan. This means that as the exchange rate fluctuates small amounts of money are transferred between the parties to compensate. This keeps the loan values the same on a marked-to-market basis. ## Exchange of Interest A cross-currency swap can involve both parties paying a fixed rate, both parties paying a [floating rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/floatinginterestrate.asp), one party paying a floating rate while the other pays a fixed rate. Since these products are over-the-counter, they can be structured in any way the two parties want. Interest payments are typically calculated quarterly.  The interest payments are usually settled in cash, and not netted out, since each payment will be in a different currency. Therefore, on payment dates, each company pays the amount it owes in the currency they owe it in. ## The Uses of Currency Swaps Currency swaps are mainly used in three ways. First, currency swaps can be used to purchase less expensive debt. This is done by getting the best rate available of any currency and then exchanging it back to the desired currency with [back-to-back loans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backtobackloan.asp). Second, currency swaps can be used to hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Doing so helps institutions reduce the risk of being exposed to large moves in currency prices which could dramatically affect profits/costs on the parts of their business exposed to foreign markets. Last, currency swaps can be used by countries as a defense against a [financial crisis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-crisis.asp). Currency swaps allow countries to have access to income by allowing other countries to borrow their own currency. ## Example of a Currency Swap One of the most commonly used currency swaps is when companies in two different countries exchange loan amounts. They both receive the loan they want, in the currency they want, but on better terms than they could get by trying to get a loan in a foreign country on their own. For example, a US company, General Electric, is looking to acquire Japanese [yen](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/j/jpy-japanese-yen.asp) and a Japanese company, Hitachi, is looking to acquire U.S. dollars (USD), these two companies could perform a swap. The Japanese company likely has better access to Japanese debt markets and could get more favorable terms on a yen loan than if the U.S. company went in directly to the Japanese debt market itself, and vice versa in the United States for the Japanese company.  Assume General Electric needs ¥100 million. The Japanese company needs $1.1 million. If they agree to exchange this amount, that implies a USD/JPY exchange rate of 90.9. General Electric will pay 1% on the ¥100 million loan, and the rate will be floating. This means if interest rates rise or fall, so will their interest payments. Hitachi agrees to pay 3.5% on their $1.1 million loan. This rate will also be floating. The parties could also agree to keep the interest rates fixed if they so desire. They agree to use the 3-month [LIBOR](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/libor.asp) rates as their interest rate benchmarks. Interest payments will be made quarterly. The [notional amounts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/notionalvalue.asp) will be repaid in 10 years at the same exchange rate they locked the currency-swap in at. The difference in interest rates is due to the [economic conditions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-conditions.asp) in each country. In this example, at the time the cross-currency swap is instituted the interest rates in Japan are about 2.5% lower than in the U.S.. On the trade date, the two companies will exchange or swap the notional loan amounts. Over the next 10 years, each party will pay the other interest. For example, General Electric will pay 1% on ¥100 million quarterly, assuming interest rates stay the same. That equates equate to ¥1 million per year or ¥250,000 per quarter. At the end of the agreement, they will swap back the currencies at the same exchange rate. They are not exposed to exchange rate risk, but they do face opportunity costs or gains. For example, if the USD/JPY exchange rate increases to 100 shortly after the two companies lock into the cross-currency swap. The USD has increased in value, while the yen has decreased in value. Had General Electric waited a bit longer, they could have secured the ¥100 million while only exchanging $1.0 million instead of $1.1 million. That said, companies don't typically use these agreements to speculate, they use them to lock in exchange rates for set periods of time.
What Is a Cross-Currency Swap? Cross-currency swaps are an over-the-counter (OTC) derivative in a form of an agreement between two parties to exchange interest payments and principal denominated in two different currencies. In a cross-currency swap, interest payments and principal in one currency are exchanged for principal and interest payments in a different currency. Interest payments are exchanged at fixed intervals during the life of the agreement. Cross-currency swaps are highly customizable and can include variable, fixed interest rates, or both. Since the two parties are swapping amounts of money, the cross-currency swap is not required to be shown on a company's balance sheet. Key Takeaways Cross-currency swaps are used to lock in exchange rates for set periods of time. Interest rates can be fixed, variable, or a mix of both. These instruments trade OTC, and can thus be customized by the parties involved. While the exchange rate is locked in, there is still opportunity costs/gains as the exchange rate will likely change. This could result in the locked-in rate looking quite poor (or fantastic) after the transaction occurs. Cross-currency swaps are not typically used to speculate, but rather to lock in an exchange rate on a set amount of currency with a benchmarked (or fixed) interest rate. Exchange of Principal In cross-currency, the exchange used at the beginning of the agreement is also typically used to exchange the currencies back at the end of the agreement. For example, if a swap sees company A give company B £10 million in exchange for $13.4 million, this implies a GBP/USD exchange rate of 1.34. If the agreement is for 10 years, at the end of the 10 years these companies will exchange the same amounts back to each other, usually at the same exchange rate. The exchange rate in the market could be drastically different in 10 years, which could result in opportunity costs or gains. That said, companies typically use these products to hedge or lock in rates or amounts of money, not speculate. The companies may also agree to mark-to-market the notional amounts of the loan. This means that as the exchange rate fluctuates small amounts of money are transferred between the parties to compensate. This keeps the loan values the same on a marked-to-market basis. Exchange of Interest A cross-currency swap can involve both parties paying a fixed rate, both parties paying a floating rate, one party paying a floating rate while the other pays a fixed rate. Since these products are over-the-counter, they can be structured in any way the two parties want. Interest payments are typically calculated quarterly.  The interest payments are usually settled in cash, and not netted out, since each payment will be in a different currency. Therefore, on payment dates, each company pays the amount it owes in the currency they owe it in. The Uses of Currency Swaps Currency swaps are mainly used in three ways. First, currency swaps can be used to purchase less expensive debt. This is done by getting the best rate available of any currency and then exchanging it back to the desired currency with back-to-back loans. Second, currency swaps can be used to hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Doing so helps institutions reduce the risk of being exposed to large moves in currency prices which could dramatically affect profits/costs on the parts of their business exposed to foreign markets. Last, currency swaps can be used by countries as a defense against a financial crisis. Currency swaps allow countries to have access to income by allowing other countries to borrow their own currency. Example of a Currency Swap One of the most commonly used currency swaps is when companies in two different countries exchange loan amounts. They both receive the loan they want, in the currency they want, but on better terms than they could get by trying to get a loan in a foreign country on their own. For example, a US company, General Electric, is looking to acquire Japanese yen and a Japanese company, Hitachi, is looking to acquire U.S. dollars (USD), these two companies could perform a swap. The Japanese company likely has better access to Japanese debt markets and could get more favorable terms on a yen loan than if the U.S. company went in directly to the Japanese debt market itself, and vice versa in the United States for the Japanese company.  Assume General Electric needs ¥100 million. The Japanese company needs $1.1 million. If they agree to exchange this amount, that implies a USD/JPY exchange rate of 90.9. General Electric will pay 1% on the ¥100 million loan, and the rate will be floating. This means if interest rates rise or fall, so will their interest payments. Hitachi agrees to pay 3.5% on their $1.1 million loan. This rate will also be floating. The parties could also agree to keep the interest rates fixed if they so desire. They agree to use the 3-month LIBOR rates as their interest rate benchmarks. Interest payments will be made quarterly. The notional amounts will be repaid in 10 years at the same exchange rate they locked the currency-swap in at. The difference in interest rates is due to the economic conditions in each country. In this example, at the time the cross-currency swap is instituted the interest rates in Japan are about 2.5% lower than in the U.S.. On the trade date, the two companies will exchange or swap the notional loan amounts. Over the next 10 years, each party will pay the other interest. For example, General Electric will pay 1% on ¥100 million quarterly, assuming interest rates stay the same. That equates equate to ¥1 million per year or ¥250,000 per quarter. At the end of the agreement, they will swap back the currencies at the same exchange rate. They are not exposed to exchange rate risk, but they do face opportunity costs or gains. For example, if the USD/JPY exchange rate increases to 100 shortly after the two companies lock into the cross-currency swap. The USD has increased in value, while the yen has decreased in value. Had General Electric waited a bit longer, they could have secured the ¥100 million while only exchanging $1.0 million instead of $1.1 million. That said, companies don't typically use these agreements to speculate, they use them to lock in exchange rates for set periods of time.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/09/quant-strategies.asp
Using Quantitative Investment Strategies
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Quantitative investment strategies use mathematical models and algorithms to identify investment opportunities. These strategies should be systematic and remove much of the emotional element from investing. Some common approaches to quantitative investment strategies include statistical arbitrage, factor investing, risk parity, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Quantitative investing uses mathematical models and algorithms to determine investment opportunities.</li><li>Quantitative investment strategies include statistical arbitrage, factor investing, risk parity, machine learning techniques, and artificial intelligence approaches.</li><li>Commonly used factors in quantitative analyses include value, momentum, size, quality, and volatility.</li><li>The appeal of quantitative investment strategies lies in their presumed impartiality and the ability to thoroughly backtest before their execution.</li><li>Potential pitfalls to watch for in quantitative investing include model risk, overfitting, and not accounting for the effects of a rapidly evolving market.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-history-of-quantitative-investing"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The History of Quantitative Investing </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The history of quantitative investing and its milestones is also, in some sense, a history of the modern market system. Just as the economics discipline was quantifying its models and methods during the post-World War II period, mathematical models were introduced in the financial community to identify undervalued investments. In 1952, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/harrymarkowitz.asp">Harry Markowitz</a> laid the groundwork for modern portfolio theory, demonstrating the importance of diversification in reducing risk.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="29"></span> A dozen years later, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/william-f-sharpe.asp">William Sharpe</a> introduced the capital asset pricing model, which asserts that higher returns require more exposure to risk.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> Then, in 1973, Fischer Black, Robert Merton, and Myron Scholes devised the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blackscholes.asp">Black-Scholes model</a> for options pricing, the first widely used mathematical method for calculating the theoretical value of options contracts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="31"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> These advances, along with increases in computing power in the 1960s and '70s, gave financial analysts and econometricians, later called “quants,” the ability to create ever more complex algorithms and models. Financial firms could now manage risk and identify investment opportunities on a much wider scale. By the 1980s and 1990s, hedge funds embraced quantitative methods as part of their strategies, leading to a boom in firms like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/030516/jim-simons-success-story-net-worth-education-top-quotes.asp">Jim Simon</a>'s Renaissance Technologies. This brought greater attention to how data-driven methods might yield significant profits.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="32"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> However, the quantified investment field has also had its controversies and setbacks. The 1987 stock market crash was partly blamed on computerized trading, and the collapse of hedge funds like Askin Capital Management in 1994 and Long Term Capital Management in 1998 were used by critics to question the risks of quantitative methods.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span> For some, the 2008 global financial crisis exposed the great dangers of relying too heavily on these models, as they had failed to predict or account for the coming crash. Quantitative methods had become increasingly complex, using advanced algorithms and derivatives pricing models that could, if widely adopted, lead to systemic risks. Critics later accused quants of having a significant role in the 2008 collapse.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> After the 2008 crisis, there was a focus on creating more robust models and incorporating <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tailrisk.asp">tail risk</a> (rare but extreme events) into quantified investment models. In recent years, quantified investing has appeared on the cusp of another revolution as machine learning and AI are integrated into applying and creating financial models. These technologies promise vast improvements in the use of data analysis but raise ethical concerns and the potential for increased systemic risk.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span> As algorithms become more complex and autonomous, there's growing concern over who handles the decisions made, and the related issues of data privacy, fairness, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/search?q=transparency#:~:text=Transparency%3A%20Definition%2C%20How,audited%20financial%20reports.">transparency</a> have gained wider public attention. There's also the worry that AI using such advanced strategies may not even be well understood by experts, let alone other key economic decision-makers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Quantitative investing has a history of innovation, risk, and evolving methodologies. It continues to be a subject of admiration and critical scrutiny because of its increasingly significant role in global financial markets.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-quantitative-investment-strategies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Quantitative Investment Strategies </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Each quantitative investment strategy has its own risk-reward profile and is suitable for different market conditions. The choice of each depends on the firm's or individual's objectives, risk tolerance, and computational resources. Some quantitative investment strategies include the following:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="34"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <li><strong>Statistical arbitrage</strong>: Seeks to capitalize on market inefficiencies through advanced statistical models</li><li><strong>Factor investing</strong>:<strong> </strong>Targets the specific drivers of return—like value, size, and momentum—to create portfolios</li><li><strong>Risk parity</strong>: Aims to balance portfolios by allocating assets based on risk rather than capital</li><li><strong>Machine learning</strong>: Deploys algorithms to sift through massive data sets to check financial models for accuracy and efficiency</li><li><strong>Artificial intelligence</strong>: Extends machine learning to simulate humanlike decision-making, adding a layer of complexity and adaptability to financial strategies</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-using-statistical-arbitrage-as-a-quantitative-investment-strategy"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Using Statistical Arbitrage as a Quantitative Investment Strategy </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> Statistical arbitrage exploits pricing inefficiencies among related <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialinstrument.asp">financial instruments</a>. The approach uses mathematical models to identify the inefficiencies, typically relying on historical data and statistical methods. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> The core idea of statistical arbitrage is to create a market-neutral portfolio. The strategy aims to profit, regardless of the overall market direction. This is achieved by taking long positions in undervalued assets and short positions in overvalued assets, thereby reducing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketrisk.asp">market risk</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> One popular form of statistical arbitrage is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pairstrade.asp">pairs trading</a>, where two co-integrated <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp">stocks</a> are identified. When the price ratio between the two diverges from its historical mean, a long position is taken in the undervalued stock, and a short position is taken in the overvalued stock. The aim is to profit when the price ratio reverts to its historical mean. A variant of this approach is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/meanreversion.asp">mean reversion</a>, where assets that have shifted significantly from their historical average are expected to revert to it over time.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="35"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Statistical arbitrage strategies depend on the quality of the data and the reliability of the statistical methods involved. These strategies are also sensitive to transaction costs if they involve frequent trades. Brokerage fees or bid-ask spreads can significantly affect the potential for profits from statistical arbitrage strategies when they require a high volume of trades in a short period. Despite these challenges, statistical arbitrage remains a popular strategy because of its market-neutral stance and the potential for high-risk-adjusted returns.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-using-factor-investing-as-a-quantitative-investment-strategy"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Using Factor Investing as a Quantitative Investment Strategy </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> Factor investing focuses on selecting securities based on the factors associated with higher returns. These can either be macroeconomic, such as interest rates or inflation, or style-based, such as value, size, and momentum. The strategy aims to systematically identify and exploit these factors to generate excess returns over a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032516/how-use-benchmark-evaluate-portfolio.asp">benchmark</a> or to achieve specific investment objectives. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Here are several commonly used factors: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <li><strong>Value factor</strong>: This factor focuses on stocks that are undervalued using metrics like price-to-earnings or price-to-book ratios.</li><li><strong>Momentum factor</strong>: This involves targeting stocks that have had a robust price performance over a specific time frame.</li><li><strong>Size factor</strong>: This factor focuses on smaller companies that tend to have higher growth potential.</li><li><strong>Quality factor</strong>: This is used to look at companies with excellent fundamentals, such as a high return on equity, low debt, and stable earnings.</li><li><strong>Volatility factor: </strong>This factor focuses on low-volatility stocks less susceptible to market swings.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> Factor investing gained popularity for its systematic approach and the potential for outperforming benchmarks. However, factors do go through cycles of underperformance and overperformance, and there may be periods when a factor-focused portfolio will not achieve its objectives. Therefore, many investors opt for multiple-factor approaches to diversify their portfolios and reduce their risk.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="35"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-using-the-risk-parity-approach-as-a-quantitative-investment-strategy"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Using the Risk-Parity Approach as a Quantitative Investment Strategy </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-parity.asp">risk-parity</a> approach seeks to allocate capital based on the risk of each asset in a portfolio rather than on expected returns. The objective is to balance risk across various asset classes like equities, bonds, commodities, and alternative investments. This strategy thus enhances portfolio diversification and potentially improves risk-adjusted returns. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Equities typically dominate the risk profile in a traditional portfolio, making it susceptible to stock market volatility. Risk parity addresses this by using leverage to increase investments in lower-risk assets like bonds. This should help offset the risk contributions from each asset class. The strategy typically employs advanced optimization techniques and may use derivatives to achieve the desired risk balance. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> However, the risk-parity approach is not without its challenges. It is sensitive to estimating risk parameters and correlations among assets, which can change over time. Additionally, the use of leverage can amplify losses during adverse market conditions. Despite these complexities, traders and investors use the risk-parity approach as it tends to deliver more stable and diversified returns.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="27"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-using-machine-learning-as-a-quantitative-investment-strategy"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Using Machine Learning as a Quantitative Investment Strategy </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> Machine learning techniques have transformed how many people view quantitative investment strategies. They use computational algorithms to analyze vast data sets as part of investment decisions. The strategy includes supervised, unsupervised, and reinforced learning techniques to identify patterns, anomalies, and predictive signals in the financial markets. These techniques can be applied to traditional financial metrics, alternative data, or both to predict asset prices, manage risk, and improve portfolios. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> Using machine learning in quantitative investing can automate complex decisions, potentially increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of certain investment strategies. For example, machine learning algorithms can analyze social media sentiment, news articles, and even satellite imagery to gain a competitive edge. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> However, its use is not without challenges, such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/overfitting.asp">overfitting</a>, data snooping, and the need for robust <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backtesting.asp">backtesting</a> protocols. The strategy also demands significant computational resources and expertise in finance and machine learning. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> Despite these challenges, the potential for better predictions and risk-adjusted returns has made machine learning increasingly popular among quants, hedge funds, asset managers, and individual investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-using-artificial-intelligence-as-a-quantitative-investment-strategy"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Using Artificial Intelligence as a Quantitative Investment Strategy </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> AI has quickly taken center stage in quantitative investing, offering a range of sophisticated techniques to analyze financial markets. AI algorithms can process vast quantities of structured and unstructured data to identify market trends, anomalies, and predictive signals. These algorithms can adapt to changing market conditions, thereby potentially improving the efficiency and effectiveness of certain investment strategies. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> AI applications for quantitative investing go beyond traditional financial metrics. AI systems can analyze alternative data sources from social media and news sources to an investor's advantage. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/natural-language-processing-nlp.asp">Natural language procession</a>, a subset of AI, is used to analyze textual data, such as earnings call transcripts and financial news for generating trading signals.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Nonetheless, there is ongoing research and debate over the challenges of AI's use for investment purposes, such as overfitting, which is when AI relies too heavily on historical data in a changed environment, and data snooping, which is a kind of statistical interference. Moreover, the computational resources and expertise required for using AI in investment strategies are significant.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> Still, it's easy to see why so many in the investment community are discussing using AI as a tool, given its flexibility and predictive power. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-of-quantitative-investment-strategies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages of Quantitative Investment Strategies </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> Quantitative investment strategies offer several advantages that make them appealing: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> <li><strong>Data-driven decision-making</strong>: Quantitative investment strategies rely on mathematical models and algorithms, arguably reducing the influence of emotions and biases in investment decisions. Thus, it should lead to more rational and consistent decision-making.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span></li><li><strong>Diversification and risk management</strong>: These strategies involve trading various asset classes or financial instruments, helping to diversify portfolios. Advanced risk-management techniques are also used to enhance risk-reward profiles.</li><li><strong>Efficient and adaptable</strong>: Quantitative investment tools can process vast amounts of data quickly, making the approach highly efficient. These tools can be applied to very different market conditions.</li><li><strong>Transparent and backtested</strong>: The rules-based nature of quantitative investment strategies provides more transparency to its approaches. These strategies can also be backtested on historical data to evaluate their effectiveness.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-disadvantages-of-quantitative-investment-strategies"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Disadvantages of Quantitative Investment Strategies </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> Quantitative investment strategies may deliver numerous advantages, but they have limitations: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> <li><strong>Model risk</strong>: Quantitative models are based on historical data and have assumptions that may not hold in the future, and erroneous models can lead to significant losses. Overfitting is a common problem where the model performs well on past data but poorly when presented with new events.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span></li><li><strong>Data quality and availability</strong>: The effectiveness of a quantitative strategy is highly dependent on the quality and timeliness of the data used. Data errors can significantly impact the performance of the strategy.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span></li><li><strong>Computational complexity</strong>: These strategies typically require significant computational power and expertise in programming and data science, which is not accessible to all investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span></li><li><strong>Market impact and liquidity</strong>: Some quantitative investment strategies can impact market prices, leading to higher transaction costs. Also, some strategies may require trading in less liquid markets, which can be risky.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span></li><li><strong>Regulatory and ethical concerns</strong>: Using algorithms in trading has raised concerns about market fairness and integrity. Regulatory changes can also impact the viability of certain strategies.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> Despite these challenges, quantitative investment strategies are evolving, incorporating more robust risk-management techniques and adapting to changes in the market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-some-strategies-other-than-quantitative-investment-strategies"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are Some Strategies Other Than Quantitative Investment Strategies?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Apart from quantitative investing, other investment strategies include fundamental and technical analysis investment strategies. It should be noted that these three approaches are not mutually exclusive, and some investors and traders tend to blend them to achieve better risk-adjusted returns.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-quantitative-investing-a-viable-strategy-for-retail-investors"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Is Quantitative Investing a Viable Strategy for Retail Investors?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Quantitative investing could be a viable strategy for retail investors, but they would need excellent knowledge of quantitative methods, access to data sets, financial instruments to trade, and the financial means for the implementation and transaction costs involved.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-quants-adjust-their-models-for-unprecedented-market-events"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do Quants Adjust Their Models for Unprecedented Market Events?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Quants usually rely on “stress testing” to assess the resilience of their models in extreme market scenarios that may not have a historical precedent. They also continuously update their data sets and algorithms to adapt to new market conditions, sometimes including tail risk measures to account for rare but high-impact events.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-quantitative-investing"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Difference Between Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Quantitative Investing?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The key differences between machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) as a quantitative investment strategy are their scope, complexity, and application. Machine learning is generally narrower in scope, focusing on specific predictive models, while AI has broad applications that can include decision-making algorithms.</p><p><br/>In addition, machine learning could be considered a subset of AI since this has an added layer of complexity, using several types of algorithms in an integrated manner. Finally, machine learning is typically used for tasks that are clearly defined and can be solved through pattern recognition, while AI is used for more complex tasks that require a level of understanding and decision-making.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-there-sectors-where-quantitative-investment-strategies-outperform-others"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are There Sectors Where Quantitative Investment Strategies Outperform Others?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Quantitative strategies can be tailored for any asset class or sector, but they work best in markets with plenty of high-quality data to analyze and from which to derive conclusions. For example, they're frequently used in equity markets and more liquid segments of the fixed-income market. However, their performance may be limited in sectors where human expertise and qualitative analyses are more relevant, such as distressed assets.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> Quantitative investment strategies were once a niche in financial markets, offering a data-driven approach to investment decision-making, but have become central to the financial world today. These strategies leverage mathematical models, statistical analyses, and computational algorithms to identify market opportunities and manage risks. From traditional methods like momentum and mean reversion to advanced techniques involving machine learning and artificial intelligence, quantitative investing offers a diverse tool kit for institutional and retail investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> The appeal of quantitative investing lies in its impartiality and the ability to backtest strategies before implementation. However, there are pitfalls to watch for, including model risk, overfitting, and changes in the market that could upend many models. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"> As technology advances, these strategies will likely become even more sophisticated, providing investors with new tools for asset allocation and risk management. </p></div>
Quantitative investment strategies use mathematical models and algorithms to identify investment opportunities. These strategies should be systematic and remove much of the emotional element from investing. Some common approaches to quantitative investment strategies include statistical arbitrage, factor investing, risk parity, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). ### Key Takeaways * Quantitative investing uses mathematical models and algorithms to determine investment opportunities. * Quantitative investment strategies include statistical arbitrage, factor investing, risk parity, machine learning techniques, and artificial intelligence approaches. * Commonly used factors in quantitative analyses include value, momentum, size, quality, and volatility. * The appeal of quantitative investment strategies lies in their presumed impartiality and the ability to thoroughly backtest before their execution. * Potential pitfalls to watch for in quantitative investing include model risk, overfitting, and not accounting for the effects of a rapidly evolving market. ## The History of Quantitative Investing The history of quantitative investing and its milestones is also, in some sense, a history of the modern market system. Just as the economics discipline was quantifying its models and methods during the post-World War II period, mathematical models were introduced in the financial community to identify undervalued investments. In 1952, [Harry Markowitz](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/harrymarkowitz.asp) laid the groundwork for modern portfolio theory, demonstrating the importance of diversification in reducing risk. A dozen years later, [William Sharpe](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/william-f-sharpe.asp) introduced the capital asset pricing model, which asserts that higher returns require more exposure to risk. Then, in 1973, Fischer Black, Robert Merton, and Myron Scholes devised the [Black-Scholes model](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blackscholes.asp) for options pricing, the first widely used mathematical method for calculating the theoretical value of options contracts. These advances, along with increases in computing power in the 1960s and '70s, gave financial analysts and econometricians, later called “quants,” the ability to create ever more complex algorithms and models. Financial firms could now manage risk and identify investment opportunities on a much wider scale. By the 1980s and 1990s, hedge funds embraced quantitative methods as part of their strategies, leading to a boom in firms like [Jim Simon](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/030516/jim-simons-success-story-net-worth-education-top-quotes.asp)'s Renaissance Technologies. This brought greater attention to how data-driven methods might yield significant profits. However, the quantified investment field has also had its controversies and setbacks. The 1987 stock market crash was partly blamed on computerized trading, and the collapse of hedge funds like Askin Capital Management in 1994 and Long Term Capital Management in 1998 were used by critics to question the risks of quantitative methods. For some, the 2008 global financial crisis exposed the great dangers of relying too heavily on these models, as they had failed to predict or account for the coming crash. Quantitative methods had become increasingly complex, using advanced algorithms and derivatives pricing models that could, if widely adopted, lead to systemic risks. Critics later accused quants of having a significant role in the 2008 collapse. After the 2008 crisis, there was a focus on creating more robust models and incorporating [tail risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tailrisk.asp) (rare but extreme events) into quantified investment models. In recent years, quantified investing has appeared on the cusp of another revolution as machine learning and AI are integrated into applying and creating financial models. These technologies promise vast improvements in the use of data analysis but raise ethical concerns and the potential for increased systemic risk. As algorithms become more complex and autonomous, there's growing concern over who handles the decisions made, and the related issues of data privacy, fairness, and [transparency](https://www.investopedia.com/search?q=transparency#:~:text=Transparency%3A%20Definition%2C%20How,audited%20financial%20reports.) have gained wider public attention. There's also the worry that AI using such advanced strategies may not even be well understood by experts, let alone other key economic decision-makers. Quantitative investing has a history of innovation, risk, and evolving methodologies. It continues to be a subject of admiration and critical scrutiny because of its increasingly significant role in global financial markets. ## Types of Quantitative Investment Strategies Each quantitative investment strategy has its own risk-reward profile and is suitable for different market conditions. The choice of each depends on the firm's or individual's objectives, risk tolerance, and computational resources. Some quantitative investment strategies include the following: * **Statistical arbitrage**: Seeks to capitalize on market inefficiencies through advanced statistical models * **Factor investing**:Targets the specific drivers of return—like value, size, and momentum—to create portfolios * **Risk parity**: Aims to balance portfolios by allocating assets based on risk rather than capital * **Machine learning**: Deploys algorithms to sift through massive data sets to check financial models for accuracy and efficiency * **Artificial intelligence**: Extends machine learning to simulate humanlike decision-making, adding a layer of complexity and adaptability to financial strategies ## Using Statistical Arbitrage as a Quantitative Investment Strategy Statistical arbitrage exploits pricing inefficiencies among related [financial instruments](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialinstrument.asp). The approach uses mathematical models to identify the inefficiencies, typically relying on historical data and statistical methods. The core idea of statistical arbitrage is to create a market-neutral portfolio. The strategy aims to profit, regardless of the overall market direction. This is achieved by taking long positions in undervalued assets and short positions in overvalued assets, thereby reducing [market risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketrisk.asp). One popular form of statistical arbitrage is [pairs trading](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pairstrade.asp), where two co-integrated [stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stock.asp) are identified. When the price ratio between the two diverges from its historical mean, a long position is taken in the undervalued stock, and a short position is taken in the overvalued stock. The aim is to profit when the price ratio reverts to its historical mean. A variant of this approach is [mean reversion](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/meanreversion.asp), where assets that have shifted significantly from their historical average are expected to revert to it over time. Statistical arbitrage strategies depend on the quality of the data and the reliability of the statistical methods involved. These strategies are also sensitive to transaction costs if they involve frequent trades. Brokerage fees or bid-ask spreads can significantly affect the potential for profits from statistical arbitrage strategies when they require a high volume of trades in a short period. Despite these challenges, statistical arbitrage remains a popular strategy because of its market-neutral stance and the potential for high-risk-adjusted returns. ## Using Factor Investing as a Quantitative Investment Strategy Factor investing focuses on selecting securities based on the factors associated with higher returns. These can either be macroeconomic, such as interest rates or inflation, or style-based, such as value, size, and momentum. The strategy aims to systematically identify and exploit these factors to generate excess returns over a [benchmark](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032516/how-use-benchmark-evaluate-portfolio.asp) or to achieve specific investment objectives. Here are several commonly used factors: * **Value factor**: This factor focuses on stocks that are undervalued using metrics like price-to-earnings or price-to-book ratios. * **Momentum factor**: This involves targeting stocks that have had a robust price performance over a specific time frame. * **Size factor**: This factor focuses on smaller companies that tend to have higher growth potential. * **Quality factor**: This is used to look at companies with excellent fundamentals, such as a high return on equity, low debt, and stable earnings. * **Volatility factor:** This factor focuses on low-volatility stocks less susceptible to market swings. Factor investing gained popularity for its systematic approach and the potential for outperforming benchmarks. However, factors do go through cycles of underperformance and overperformance, and there may be periods when a factor-focused portfolio will not achieve its objectives. Therefore, many investors opt for multiple-factor approaches to diversify their portfolios and reduce their risk. ## Using the Risk-Parity Approach as a Quantitative Investment Strategy The [risk-parity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-parity.asp) approach seeks to allocate capital based on the risk of each asset in a portfolio rather than on expected returns. The objective is to balance risk across various asset classes like equities, bonds, commodities, and alternative investments. This strategy thus enhances portfolio diversification and potentially improves risk-adjusted returns. Equities typically dominate the risk profile in a traditional portfolio, making it susceptible to stock market volatility. Risk parity addresses this by using leverage to increase investments in lower-risk assets like bonds. This should help offset the risk contributions from each asset class. The strategy typically employs advanced optimization techniques and may use derivatives to achieve the desired risk balance. However, the risk-parity approach is not without its challenges. It is sensitive to estimating risk parameters and correlations among assets, which can change over time. Additionally, the use of leverage can amplify losses during adverse market conditions. Despite these complexities, traders and investors use the risk-parity approach as it tends to deliver more stable and diversified returns. ## Using Machine Learning as a Quantitative Investment Strategy Machine learning techniques have transformed how many people view quantitative investment strategies. They use computational algorithms to analyze vast data sets as part of investment decisions. The strategy includes supervised, unsupervised, and reinforced learning techniques to identify patterns, anomalies, and predictive signals in the financial markets. These techniques can be applied to traditional financial metrics, alternative data, or both to predict asset prices, manage risk, and improve portfolios. Using machine learning in quantitative investing can automate complex decisions, potentially increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of certain investment strategies. For example, machine learning algorithms can analyze social media sentiment, news articles, and even satellite imagery to gain a competitive edge. However, its use is not without challenges, such as [overfitting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/overfitting.asp), data snooping, and the need for robust [backtesting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backtesting.asp) protocols. The strategy also demands significant computational resources and expertise in finance and machine learning. Despite these challenges, the potential for better predictions and risk-adjusted returns has made machine learning increasingly popular among quants, hedge funds, asset managers, and individual investors. ## Using Artificial Intelligence as a Quantitative Investment Strategy AI has quickly taken center stage in quantitative investing, offering a range of sophisticated techniques to analyze financial markets. AI algorithms can process vast quantities of structured and unstructured data to identify market trends, anomalies, and predictive signals. These algorithms can adapt to changing market conditions, thereby potentially improving the efficiency and effectiveness of certain investment strategies. AI applications for quantitative investing go beyond traditional financial metrics. AI systems can analyze alternative data sources from social media and news sources to an investor's advantage. [Natural language procession](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/natural-language-processing-nlp.asp), a subset of AI, is used to analyze textual data, such as earnings call transcripts and financial news for generating trading signals. Nonetheless, there is ongoing research and debate over the challenges of AI's use for investment purposes, such as overfitting, which is when AI relies too heavily on historical data in a changed environment, and data snooping, which is a kind of statistical interference. Moreover, the computational resources and expertise required for using AI in investment strategies are significant. Still, it's easy to see why so many in the investment community are discussing using AI as a tool, given its flexibility and predictive power. ## Advantages of Quantitative Investment Strategies Quantitative investment strategies offer several advantages that make them appealing: * **Data-driven decision-making**: Quantitative investment strategies rely on mathematical models and algorithms, arguably reducing the influence of emotions and biases in investment decisions. Thus, it should lead to more rational and consistent decision-making. * **Diversification and risk management**: These strategies involve trading various asset classes or financial instruments, helping to diversify portfolios. Advanced risk-management techniques are also used to enhance risk-reward profiles. * **Efficient and adaptable**: Quantitative investment tools can process vast amounts of data quickly, making the approach highly efficient. These tools can be applied to very different market conditions. * **Transparent and backtested**: The rules-based nature of quantitative investment strategies provides more transparency to its approaches. These strategies can also be backtested on historical data to evaluate their effectiveness. ## Disadvantages of Quantitative Investment Strategies Quantitative investment strategies may deliver numerous advantages, but they have limitations: * **Model risk**: Quantitative models are based on historical data and have assumptions that may not hold in the future, and erroneous models can lead to significant losses. Overfitting is a common problem where the model performs well on past data but poorly when presented with new events. * **Data quality and availability**: The effectiveness of a quantitative strategy is highly dependent on the quality and timeliness of the data used. Data errors can significantly impact the performance of the strategy. * **Computational complexity**: These strategies typically require significant computational power and expertise in programming and data science, which is not accessible to all investors. * **Market impact and liquidity**: Some quantitative investment strategies can impact market prices, leading to higher transaction costs. Also, some strategies may require trading in less liquid markets, which can be risky. * **Regulatory and ethical concerns**: Using algorithms in trading has raised concerns about market fairness and integrity. Regulatory changes can also impact the viability of certain strategies. Despite these challenges, quantitative investment strategies are evolving, incorporating more robust risk-management techniques and adapting to changes in the market. ## What Are Some Strategies Other Than Quantitative Investment Strategies? Apart from quantitative investing, other investment strategies include fundamental and technical analysis investment strategies. It should be noted that these three approaches are not mutually exclusive, and some investors and traders tend to blend them to achieve better risk-adjusted returns. ## Is Quantitative Investing a Viable Strategy for Retail Investors? Quantitative investing could be a viable strategy for retail investors, but they would need excellent knowledge of quantitative methods, access to data sets, financial instruments to trade, and the financial means for the implementation and transaction costs involved. ## How Do Quants Adjust Their Models for Unprecedented Market Events? Quants usually rely on “stress testing” to assess the resilience of their models in extreme market scenarios that may not have a historical precedent. They also continuously update their data sets and algorithms to adapt to new market conditions, sometimes including tail risk measures to account for rare but high-impact events. ## What Is the Difference Between Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Quantitative Investing? The key differences between machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) as a quantitative investment strategy are their scope, complexity, and application. Machine learning is generally narrower in scope, focusing on specific predictive models, while AI has broad applications that can include decision-making algorithms. In addition, machine learning could be considered a subset of AI since this has an added layer of complexity, using several types of algorithms in an integrated manner. Finally, machine learning is typically used for tasks that are clearly defined and can be solved through pattern recognition, while AI is used for more complex tasks that require a level of understanding and decision-making. ## Are There Sectors Where Quantitative Investment Strategies Outperform Others? Quantitative strategies can be tailored for any asset class or sector, but they work best in markets with plenty of high-quality data to analyze and from which to derive conclusions. For example, they're frequently used in equity markets and more liquid segments of the fixed-income market. However, their performance may be limited in sectors where human expertise and qualitative analyses are more relevant, such as distressed assets. ## The Bottom Line Quantitative investment strategies were once a niche in financial markets, offering a data-driven approach to investment decision-making, but have become central to the financial world today. These strategies leverage mathematical models, statistical analyses, and computational algorithms to identify market opportunities and manage risks. From traditional methods like momentum and mean reversion to advanced techniques involving machine learning and artificial intelligence, quantitative investing offers a diverse tool kit for institutional and retail investors. The appeal of quantitative investing lies in its impartiality and the ability to backtest strategies before implementation. However, there are pitfalls to watch for, including model risk, overfitting, and changes in the market that could upend many models. As technology advances, these strategies will likely become even more sophisticated, providing investors with new tools for asset allocation and risk management.
Quantitative investment strategies use mathematical models and algorithms to identify investment opportunities. These strategies should be systematic and remove much of the emotional element from investing. Some common approaches to quantitative investment strategies include statistical arbitrage, factor investing, risk parity, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). Key Takeaways Quantitative investing uses mathematical models and algorithms to determine investment opportunities.Quantitative investment strategies include statistical arbitrage, factor investing, risk parity, machine learning techniques, and artificial intelligence approaches.Commonly used factors in quantitative analyses include value, momentum, size, quality, and volatility.The appeal of quantitative investment strategies lies in their presumed impartiality and the ability to thoroughly backtest before their execution.Potential pitfalls to watch for in quantitative investing include model risk, overfitting, and not accounting for the effects of a rapidly evolving market. The History of Quantitative Investing The history of quantitative investing and its milestones is also, in some sense, a history of the modern market system. Just as the economics discipline was quantifying its models and methods during the post-World War II period, mathematical models were introduced in the financial community to identify undervalued investments. In 1952, Harry Markowitz laid the groundwork for modern portfolio theory, demonstrating the importance of diversification in reducing risk. A dozen years later, William Sharpe introduced the capital asset pricing model, which asserts that higher returns require more exposure to risk. Then, in 1973, Fischer Black, Robert Merton, and Myron Scholes devised the Black-Scholes model for options pricing, the first widely used mathematical method for calculating the theoretical value of options contracts. These advances, along with increases in computing power in the 1960s and '70s, gave financial analysts and econometricians, later called “quants,” the ability to create ever more complex algorithms and models. Financial firms could now manage risk and identify investment opportunities on a much wider scale. By the 1980s and 1990s, hedge funds embraced quantitative methods as part of their strategies, leading to a boom in firms like Jim Simon's Renaissance Technologies. This brought greater attention to how data-driven methods might yield significant profits. However, the quantified investment field has also had its controversies and setbacks. The 1987 stock market crash was partly blamed on computerized trading, and the collapse of hedge funds like Askin Capital Management in 1994 and Long Term Capital Management in 1998 were used by critics to question the risks of quantitative methods. For some, the 2008 global financial crisis exposed the great dangers of relying too heavily on these models, as they had failed to predict or account for the coming crash. Quantitative methods had become increasingly complex, using advanced algorithms and derivatives pricing models that could, if widely adopted, lead to systemic risks. Critics later accused quants of having a significant role in the 2008 collapse. After the 2008 crisis, there was a focus on creating more robust models and incorporating tail risk (rare but extreme events) into quantified investment models. In recent years, quantified investing has appeared on the cusp of another revolution as machine learning and AI are integrated into applying and creating financial models. These technologies promise vast improvements in the use of data analysis but raise ethical concerns and the potential for increased systemic risk. As algorithms become more complex and autonomous, there's growing concern over who handles the decisions made, and the related issues of data privacy, fairness, and transparency have gained wider public attention. There's also the worry that AI using such advanced strategies may not even be well understood by experts, let alone other key economic decision-makers. Quantitative investing has a history of innovation, risk, and evolving methodologies. It continues to be a subject of admiration and critical scrutiny because of its increasingly significant role in global financial markets. Types of Quantitative Investment Strategies Each quantitative investment strategy has its own risk-reward profile and is suitable for different market conditions. The choice of each depends on the firm's or individual's objectives, risk tolerance, and computational resources. Some quantitative investment strategies include the following: Statistical arbitrage: Seeks to capitalize on market inefficiencies through advanced statistical modelsFactor investing: Targets the specific drivers of return—like value, size, and momentum—to create portfoliosRisk parity: Aims to balance portfolios by allocating assets based on risk rather than capitalMachine learning: Deploys algorithms to sift through massive data sets to check financial models for accuracy and efficiencyArtificial intelligence: Extends machine learning to simulate humanlike decision-making, adding a layer of complexity and adaptability to financial strategies Using Statistical Arbitrage as a Quantitative Investment Strategy Statistical arbitrage exploits pricing inefficiencies among related financial instruments. The approach uses mathematical models to identify the inefficiencies, typically relying on historical data and statistical methods. The core idea of statistical arbitrage is to create a market-neutral portfolio. The strategy aims to profit, regardless of the overall market direction. This is achieved by taking long positions in undervalued assets and short positions in overvalued assets, thereby reducing market risk. One popular form of statistical arbitrage is pairs trading, where two co-integrated stocks are identified. When the price ratio between the two diverges from its historical mean, a long position is taken in the undervalued stock, and a short position is taken in the overvalued stock. The aim is to profit when the price ratio reverts to its historical mean. A variant of this approach is mean reversion, where assets that have shifted significantly from their historical average are expected to revert to it over time. Statistical arbitrage strategies depend on the quality of the data and the reliability of the statistical methods involved. These strategies are also sensitive to transaction costs if they involve frequent trades. Brokerage fees or bid-ask spreads can significantly affect the potential for profits from statistical arbitrage strategies when they require a high volume of trades in a short period. Despite these challenges, statistical arbitrage remains a popular strategy because of its market-neutral stance and the potential for high-risk-adjusted returns. Using Factor Investing as a Quantitative Investment Strategy Factor investing focuses on selecting securities based on the factors associated with higher returns. These can either be macroeconomic, such as interest rates or inflation, or style-based, such as value, size, and momentum. The strategy aims to systematically identify and exploit these factors to generate excess returns over a benchmark or to achieve specific investment objectives. Here are several commonly used factors: Value factor: This factor focuses on stocks that are undervalued using metrics like price-to-earnings or price-to-book ratios.Momentum factor: This involves targeting stocks that have had a robust price performance over a specific time frame.Size factor: This factor focuses on smaller companies that tend to have higher growth potential.Quality factor: This is used to look at companies with excellent fundamentals, such as a high return on equity, low debt, and stable earnings.Volatility factor: This factor focuses on low-volatility stocks less susceptible to market swings. Factor investing gained popularity for its systematic approach and the potential for outperforming benchmarks. However, factors do go through cycles of underperformance and overperformance, and there may be periods when a factor-focused portfolio will not achieve its objectives. Therefore, many investors opt for multiple-factor approaches to diversify their portfolios and reduce their risk. Using the Risk-Parity Approach as a Quantitative Investment Strategy The risk-parity approach seeks to allocate capital based on the risk of each asset in a portfolio rather than on expected returns. The objective is to balance risk across various asset classes like equities, bonds, commodities, and alternative investments. This strategy thus enhances portfolio diversification and potentially improves risk-adjusted returns. Equities typically dominate the risk profile in a traditional portfolio, making it susceptible to stock market volatility. Risk parity addresses this by using leverage to increase investments in lower-risk assets like bonds. This should help offset the risk contributions from each asset class. The strategy typically employs advanced optimization techniques and may use derivatives to achieve the desired risk balance. However, the risk-parity approach is not without its challenges. It is sensitive to estimating risk parameters and correlations among assets, which can change over time. Additionally, the use of leverage can amplify losses during adverse market conditions. Despite these complexities, traders and investors use the risk-parity approach as it tends to deliver more stable and diversified returns. Using Machine Learning as a Quantitative Investment Strategy Machine learning techniques have transformed how many people view quantitative investment strategies. They use computational algorithms to analyze vast data sets as part of investment decisions. The strategy includes supervised, unsupervised, and reinforced learning techniques to identify patterns, anomalies, and predictive signals in the financial markets. These techniques can be applied to traditional financial metrics, alternative data, or both to predict asset prices, manage risk, and improve portfolios. Using machine learning in quantitative investing can automate complex decisions, potentially increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of certain investment strategies. For example, machine learning algorithms can analyze social media sentiment, news articles, and even satellite imagery to gain a competitive edge. However, its use is not without challenges, such as overfitting, data snooping, and the need for robust backtesting protocols. The strategy also demands significant computational resources and expertise in finance and machine learning. Despite these challenges, the potential for better predictions and risk-adjusted returns has made machine learning increasingly popular among quants, hedge funds, asset managers, and individual investors. Using Artificial Intelligence as a Quantitative Investment Strategy AI has quickly taken center stage in quantitative investing, offering a range of sophisticated techniques to analyze financial markets. AI algorithms can process vast quantities of structured and unstructured data to identify market trends, anomalies, and predictive signals. These algorithms can adapt to changing market conditions, thereby potentially improving the efficiency and effectiveness of certain investment strategies. AI applications for quantitative investing go beyond traditional financial metrics. AI systems can analyze alternative data sources from social media and news sources to an investor's advantage. Natural language procession, a subset of AI, is used to analyze textual data, such as earnings call transcripts and financial news for generating trading signals. Nonetheless, there is ongoing research and debate over the challenges of AI's use for investment purposes, such as overfitting, which is when AI relies too heavily on historical data in a changed environment, and data snooping, which is a kind of statistical interference. Moreover, the computational resources and expertise required for using AI in investment strategies are significant. Still, it's easy to see why so many in the investment community are discussing using AI as a tool, given its flexibility and predictive power. Advantages of Quantitative Investment Strategies Quantitative investment strategies offer several advantages that make them appealing: Data-driven decision-making: Quantitative investment strategies rely on mathematical models and algorithms, arguably reducing the influence of emotions and biases in investment decisions. Thus, it should lead to more rational and consistent decision-making.Diversification and risk management: These strategies involve trading various asset classes or financial instruments, helping to diversify portfolios. Advanced risk-management techniques are also used to enhance risk-reward profiles.Efficient and adaptable: Quantitative investment tools can process vast amounts of data quickly, making the approach highly efficient. These tools can be applied to very different market conditions.Transparent and backtested: The rules-based nature of quantitative investment strategies provides more transparency to its approaches. These strategies can also be backtested on historical data to evaluate their effectiveness. Disadvantages of Quantitative Investment Strategies Quantitative investment strategies may deliver numerous advantages, but they have limitations: Model risk: Quantitative models are based on historical data and have assumptions that may not hold in the future, and erroneous models can lead to significant losses. Overfitting is a common problem where the model performs well on past data but poorly when presented with new events.Data quality and availability: The effectiveness of a quantitative strategy is highly dependent on the quality and timeliness of the data used. Data errors can significantly impact the performance of the strategy.Computational complexity: These strategies typically require significant computational power and expertise in programming and data science, which is not accessible to all investors.Market impact and liquidity: Some quantitative investment strategies can impact market prices, leading to higher transaction costs. Also, some strategies may require trading in less liquid markets, which can be risky.Regulatory and ethical concerns: Using algorithms in trading has raised concerns about market fairness and integrity. Regulatory changes can also impact the viability of certain strategies. Despite these challenges, quantitative investment strategies are evolving, incorporating more robust risk-management techniques and adapting to changes in the market. What Are Some Strategies Other Than Quantitative Investment Strategies? Apart from quantitative investing, other investment strategies include fundamental and technical analysis investment strategies. It should be noted that these three approaches are not mutually exclusive, and some investors and traders tend to blend them to achieve better risk-adjusted returns. Is Quantitative Investing a Viable Strategy for Retail Investors? Quantitative investing could be a viable strategy for retail investors, but they would need excellent knowledge of quantitative methods, access to data sets, financial instruments to trade, and the financial means for the implementation and transaction costs involved. How Do Quants Adjust Their Models for Unprecedented Market Events? Quants usually rely on “stress testing” to assess the resilience of their models in extreme market scenarios that may not have a historical precedent. They also continuously update their data sets and algorithms to adapt to new market conditions, sometimes including tail risk measures to account for rare but high-impact events. What Is the Difference Between Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Quantitative Investing? The key differences between machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) as a quantitative investment strategy are their scope, complexity, and application. Machine learning is generally narrower in scope, focusing on specific predictive models, while AI has broad applications that can include decision-making algorithms.In addition, machine learning could be considered a subset of AI since this has an added layer of complexity, using several types of algorithms in an integrated manner. Finally, machine learning is typically used for tasks that are clearly defined and can be solved through pattern recognition, while AI is used for more complex tasks that require a level of understanding and decision-making. Are There Sectors Where Quantitative Investment Strategies Outperform Others? Quantitative strategies can be tailored for any asset class or sector, but they work best in markets with plenty of high-quality data to analyze and from which to derive conclusions. For example, they're frequently used in equity markets and more liquid segments of the fixed-income market. However, their performance may be limited in sectors where human expertise and qualitative analyses are more relevant, such as distressed assets. The Bottom Line Quantitative investment strategies were once a niche in financial markets, offering a data-driven approach to investment decision-making, but have become central to the financial world today. These strategies leverage mathematical models, statistical analyses, and computational algorithms to identify market opportunities and manage risks. From traditional methods like momentum and mean reversion to advanced techniques involving machine learning and artificial intelligence, quantitative investing offers a diverse tool kit for institutional and retail investors. The appeal of quantitative investing lies in its impartiality and the ability to backtest strategies before implementation. However, there are pitfalls to watch for, including model risk, overfitting, and changes in the market that could upend many models. As technology advances, these strategies will likely become even more sophisticated, providing investors with new tools for asset allocation and risk management.
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https://www.investopedia.com/capital-one-launches-quicksilver-secured-credit-card-5206427
Capital One Launches Quicksilver Secured Rewards Credit Card
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> If you're working on building your credit history, the new Capital One Quicksilver Secured Rewards Card could be worth a look. It can help you build a credit history and eventually graduate to the unsecured version of the card. The card was launched on Oct. 19 and is available for new applications. However, applicants who currently have bad credit may not be eligible. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Capital One has launched a new secured credit card that offers 1.5% cash back on every purchase.</li><li>Unlike the Capital One Secured Mastercard, this one is designed for consumers with fair credit.</li><li>With responsible card use, cardholders can graduate to the unsecured Quicksilver Rewards card and get their deposit back.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-capital-one-adds-another-credit-building-option"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Capital One Adds Another Credit-Building Option </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Building credit can take a while, but a credit card is often the best way to do it because as long as you pay your bill on time and in full every month, you can build credit without paying interest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> With the new Capital One Quicksilver Secured Rewards Credit Card, you can also earn 1.5% cash back as you work on establishing a positive credit history. There's no annual fee, and you'll need a security deposit of at least $200, which gives you a matching $200 credit limit. The maximum credit limit is $1,000 to $3,000, depending on your creditworthiness.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Based on your payment history with the card and your overall creditworthiness, you may be considered for an increased credit line without needing to put down an additional deposit.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Unlike other secured credit cards, though, this one is designed for people with fair or limited credit, but not bad credit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Capital One defines a borrower with fair credit as someone who has defaulted on a loan in the past five years or who has a limited credit history of three years or less. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> This is the same criteria used for the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/capital-one-quicksilverone-credit-card-review-4798720">Capital One QuicksilverOne Cash Rewards Credit Card</a>. The difference is that the QuicksilverOne card doesn't require a security deposit, but it does charge a $39 annual fee. While you'll need to put up a security deposit on the Quicksilver Secured card, there's no annual fee, and you can get your deposit back if you use the card responsibly. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-the-quicksilver-secured-card-right-for-you"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is the Quicksilver Secured Card Right for You? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> One of the drawbacks of many secured credit cards is that you have to close your account to get your deposit money back. But closing a credit card account can have a negative impact on your credit score, and it also prevents you from using that account to continue to build your credit history. The age of your accounts is one of the factors used in determining your credit score. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Fortunately, more and more card issuers are giving cardholders the opportunity to upgrade to an unsecured card and get their deposit back without needing to close the account. This new card is the latest such option. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Although there are plenty of unsecured credit cards for consumers with fair credit, some charge annual fees or don't offer rewards. While an upfront security deposit can be a pain, it could be worth it if you want a solid cash-back credit card once you've built up your credit history sufficiently, and you won't have to close your account or apply for a second credit card to make it happen. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> That said, even a $200 security deposit can be too much for some, so be sure to consider whether it would be a burden for you.<br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
If you're working on building your credit history, the new Capital One Quicksilver Secured Rewards Card could be worth a look. It can help you build a credit history and eventually graduate to the unsecured version of the card. The card was launched on Oct. 19 and is available for new applications. However, applicants who currently have bad credit may not be eligible. ### Key Takeaways * Capital One has launched a new secured credit card that offers 1.5% cash back on every purchase. * Unlike the Capital One Secured Mastercard, this one is designed for consumers with fair credit. * With responsible card use, cardholders can graduate to the unsecured Quicksilver Rewards card and get their deposit back. ## Capital One Adds Another Credit-Building Option Building credit can take a while, but a credit card is often the best way to do it because as long as you pay your bill on time and in full every month, you can build credit without paying interest. With the new Capital One Quicksilver Secured Rewards Credit Card, you can also earn 1.5% cash back as you work on establishing a positive credit history. There's no annual fee, and you'll need a security deposit of at least $200, which gives you a matching $200 credit limit. The maximum credit limit is $1,000 to $3,000, depending on your creditworthiness. Based on your payment history with the card and your overall creditworthiness, you may be considered for an increased credit line without needing to put down an additional deposit. Unlike other secured credit cards, though, this one is designed for people with fair or limited credit, but not bad credit. Capital One defines a borrower with fair credit as someone who has defaulted on a loan in the past five years or who has a limited credit history of three years or less. This is the same criteria used for the [Capital One QuicksilverOne Cash Rewards Credit Card](https://www.investopedia.com/capital-one-quicksilverone-credit-card-review-4798720). The difference is that the QuicksilverOne card doesn't require a security deposit, but it does charge a $39 annual fee. While you'll need to put up a security deposit on the Quicksilver Secured card, there's no annual fee, and you can get your deposit back if you use the card responsibly. ## Is the Quicksilver Secured Card Right for You? One of the drawbacks of many secured credit cards is that you have to close your account to get your deposit money back. But closing a credit card account can have a negative impact on your credit score, and it also prevents you from using that account to continue to build your credit history. The age of your accounts is one of the factors used in determining your credit score. Fortunately, more and more card issuers are giving cardholders the opportunity to upgrade to an unsecured card and get their deposit back without needing to close the account. This new card is the latest such option. Although there are plenty of unsecured credit cards for consumers with fair credit, some charge annual fees or don't offer rewards. While an upfront security deposit can be a pain, it could be worth it if you want a solid cash-back credit card once you've built up your credit history sufficiently, and you won't have to close your account or apply for a second credit card to make it happen. That said, even a $200 security deposit can be too much for some, so be sure to consider whether it would be a burden for you. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
If you're working on building your credit history, the new Capital One Quicksilver Secured Rewards Card could be worth a look. It can help you build a credit history and eventually graduate to the unsecured version of the card. The card was launched on Oct. 19 and is available for new applications. However, applicants who currently have bad credit may not be eligible. Key Takeaways Capital One has launched a new secured credit card that offers 1.5% cash back on every purchase.Unlike the Capital One Secured Mastercard, this one is designed for consumers with fair credit.With responsible card use, cardholders can graduate to the unsecured Quicksilver Rewards card and get their deposit back. Capital One Adds Another Credit-Building Option Building credit can take a while, but a credit card is often the best way to do it because as long as you pay your bill on time and in full every month, you can build credit without paying interest. With the new Capital One Quicksilver Secured Rewards Credit Card, you can also earn 1.5% cash back as you work on establishing a positive credit history. There's no annual fee, and you'll need a security deposit of at least $200, which gives you a matching $200 credit limit. The maximum credit limit is $1,000 to $3,000, depending on your creditworthiness. Based on your payment history with the card and your overall creditworthiness, you may be considered for an increased credit line without needing to put down an additional deposit. Unlike other secured credit cards, though, this one is designed for people with fair or limited credit, but not bad credit. Capital One defines a borrower with fair credit as someone who has defaulted on a loan in the past five years or who has a limited credit history of three years or less. This is the same criteria used for the Capital One QuicksilverOne Cash Rewards Credit Card. The difference is that the QuicksilverOne card doesn't require a security deposit, but it does charge a $39 annual fee. While you'll need to put up a security deposit on the Quicksilver Secured card, there's no annual fee, and you can get your deposit back if you use the card responsibly. Is the Quicksilver Secured Card Right for You? One of the drawbacks of many secured credit cards is that you have to close your account to get your deposit money back. But closing a credit card account can have a negative impact on your credit score, and it also prevents you from using that account to continue to build your credit history. The age of your accounts is one of the factors used in determining your credit score. Fortunately, more and more card issuers are giving cardholders the opportunity to upgrade to an unsecured card and get their deposit back without needing to close the account. This new card is the latest such option. Although there are plenty of unsecured credit cards for consumers with fair credit, some charge annual fees or don't offer rewards. While an upfront security deposit can be a pain, it could be worth it if you want a solid cash-back credit card once you've built up your credit history sufficiently, and you won't have to close your account or apply for a second credit card to make it happen. That said, even a $200 security deposit can be too much for some, so be sure to consider whether it would be a burden for you. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884
Interest Rate Trends for Card, Auto, and Mortgage Loans
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Tracking <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp">interest rates</a> over time shows us significant <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> over long-enough time periods. Typically, the rates will be lowest on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgage.asp">mortgages</a>, highest on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/average-credit-card-interest-rate-5076674">credit cards</a>, and somewhere in the middle on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394">auto loans</a>. We can predict only one thing about interest rates with reasonable surety: that rates will change significantly over most 10-year periods. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Mortgage rates have fluctuated from a record high of 18.45% in 1981 to a record low of 2.68% in 2020.</li><li>Credit card interest rates have fluctuated from a record-low 12.74% in 2014 to a record-high 17.14% in 2019.</li><li>Auto loan interest rates have gone from a high of 17.36% in 1981 to a low of 4.00% in 2015.</li><li>Mortgage rates have increased through 2022 but are still low in a historical sense.</li><li>Credit card interest rates are unlikely to fall significantly.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-interest-rate-trends-and-variance"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Interest Rate Trends and Variance </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Typically, the rates on mortgages will be the lowest, the rates on credit cards will be the highest, and the rates on auto loans will be somewhere in the middle.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Mortgage Rates </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Tracking interest rates over the last 51 years with data provided by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freddiemac.asp">Freddie Mac</a> shows that the last decade has had the consistently lowest rates, with every single monthly average remaining under 5% interest on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> While rates have been climbing from their record-breaking average low of 2.68% in December 2020, we are still seeing very low mortgage rates compared to past decades. As of August 2022, the mortgage interest rate was 5.22% with an annual average of 4.72%. From 1971 to 2002, rates never dropped below 6% interest and fluctuated from 6.05% to a record high of 18.45% in October 1981. In fact, rates maintained a yearly average above 10% for the entire period from 1979 to 1990.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Credit Card Interest Rates </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Credit card interest rates have had much less fluctuations than mortgage rates since 1994, when the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp">Federal Reserve</a> began tracking data. Rates have fluctuated from a low of 11.96% in the first <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quarter.asp">quarter</a> (Q2) of 2003 to a high of 17.14% in Q2 2019. Credit card interest rates are very unlikely to fall in any significant way over the coming years, as credit balances are at an all-time high in spite of high interest rates.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Unlike with mortgage rates, the government doesn’t have any programs in place to entice lenders to offer lower interest rates </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Auto Loan Interest Rates </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Auto loan interest rates over time have fluctuated more than credit card interest rates but less than mortgage rates. Data goes back to 1972 on traditional 48-month new car interest rates. They have fluctuated from an all-time high of 17.36% in late 1981 to an all-time low of 4.00% in late 2015. Interest rates have remained in the 4.00%–5.5% range for the entirety of the last decade, since 2012. Interest rates have remained in the 4.00%–5.5% range for the entirety of the last decade. As of May 2022, the 48-month new care interest rate was 5.15%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> However, according to 2022 research, the average car loan term length is about 70 months.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> The Federal Reserve began tracking the 72-month new car interest rates in 2015 but tracked the 60-month loan much earlier in mid-2006. For the first two years, the 60-month new car loan interest rates were steady between 7.18% and 7.82%, until the rate dropped below 7% in Q2 2008. The interest rates have been below 6% since Q2 2011. As of Q2 2022, the 60 month new-car loan interest rate is 4.85%. The 72-month new car loan interest rates have been under 6% since the Federal Reserve began tracking it with the highest peak at 5.63% in Q4 2018. The lowest the rate dropped to was 4.08% for two consecutive quarters in 2016. As of Q2 2022, the 72-month new car loan interest rate is 5.19%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/KnDhf/6/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Interest Rates for Credit Cards, Auto Loans, and Mortgages"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-interest-rates-differ-so-much-by-loan-type"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why Interest Rates Differ So Much by Loan Type </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Credit cards traditionally carry the highest interest rates primarily because they are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unsecuredloan.asp">unsecured loans</a>—i.e., not secured by actual physical assets. Even though defaulting on a credit card loan will damage one’s credit, there is no <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp">collateral</a> that will be seized if payments are not made.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> Therefore, higher historical delinquency and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chargeoff-rate-credit-card.asp">charge-off rates</a> make credit card loans more expensive for lenders, as they offset those costs through higher interest rates passed on to consumers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> These factors, along with the short-term and variable nature of revolving credit card loans, drive this interest rate differential compared to mortgage and auto loans that are longer-term, feature fixed payments, and are secured by tangible assets.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> While both new automobile and mortgage loans can involve borrowers missing payments and going into <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/default2.asp">default</a>, the repossession or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreclosure.asp">foreclosure</a> of the loan collateral helps mitigate the related losses.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Another factor that tends to keep secured loan interest rates lower involves <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/securitization.asp">securitization</a>, which entails lenders packaging and selling bundles of auto and mortgage loans to investors. This securitization of loans transfers the risk liability from lenders to institutional and sometimes individual investors. Credit card receivables (outstanding balances held by account holders) are also sometimes securitized by issuers but generally to a much lesser extent compared to mortgage and new car loans.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> An additional factor reducing the risk and cost of mortgage loans is the influence of federally backed mortgage loans offered through the government-sponsored enterprises of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/fannie-mae-freddie-mac-credit-crisis.asp">Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac</a>. Neither organization originates mortgage loans directly, but both purchase and guarantee mortgages from originating lenders in the secondary mortgage market to provide access to qualifying low- and medium-income Americans to promote homeownership.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Those who suffer most from the highest-cost form of credit are people who make only minimum payments on credit cards or don’t pay their balances in full.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> These debtors can find themselves in never-ending cycles of high-interest credit card debt—especially if they need to make monthly payments on other types of debt obligations (despite their lower interest rates) like their mortgage or auto loan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.5%;"> <img alt="Why Interest Rates Differ So Much By Loan Type" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/S2A4lgIEFOjDmBjU0mirrr0-GBM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884-final-786ebbf1264f4d5d9715dfaa6e07c4a1.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/S2A4lgIEFOjDmBjU0mirrr0-GBM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884-final-786ebbf1264f4d5d9715dfaa6e07c4a1.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-l3C-VUzneO325-BOMmK0hDg4X0=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884-final-786ebbf1264f4d5d9715dfaa6e07c4a1.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="2700" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="4000"/> <noscript> <img alt="Why Interest Rates Differ So Much By Loan Type" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="2700" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/S2A4lgIEFOjDmBjU0mirrr0-GBM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884-final-786ebbf1264f4d5d9715dfaa6e07c4a1.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-l3C-VUzneO325-BOMmK0hDg4X0=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884-final-786ebbf1264f4d5d9715dfaa6e07c4a1.png 750w" width="4000"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Investopedia / Mira Norian</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-role-does-the-federal-reserve-play"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What role does the Federal Reserve play?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The Federal Reserve doesn’t set your interest rates directly but does set the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp">federal funds rate</a>. Typically when the federal funds rate is low, interest rates on mortgages are lower, and when either the rate is high or the market anticipates that the Fed will raise the rates, mortgage interest rates climb. The Fed most recently raised rates by 75 <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basispoint.asp">basis points (bps)</a> on Sept. 21, 2022. So far, 2022 has had the most aggressive rate increases on record with more expected to come.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-does-my-credit-score-impact-my-interest-rate"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Does my credit score impact my interest rate?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_score.asp">credit score</a> is an important part of your borrower profile, which sums up your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-worthiness.asp">creditworthiness</a>. The higher your score, the lower your interest rate because the lender views you as less likely to default. The lower your score, the more likely you are to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskbased-pricing.asp">pay higher interest rates</a> and have to seek out a lender that specializes in high-risk borrowers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-interest-rates-affect-my-ability-to-buy-a-home-or-car"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How do interest rates affect my ability to buy a home or car?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>When interest rates rise, your monthly payment increases and the total amount that you can put to principal decreases, as you’ll be paying more in interest.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> You can see how this plays out in your particular situation by using our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-calculator-5084794">mortgage calculator</a> or our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/car-loan-calculator-5084761">auto loan calculator</a>. As rates rise, your monthly payment becomes less affordable and you eventually may not be approved for a mortgage on the same home that you could have if interest rates were lower.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> While interest rates on mortgages and auto loans are climbing, they are still historically low when considering data from the last 51 years. Credit card interest rates have remained dramatically higher over time relative to other loan types, largely due to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unsecureddebt.asp">unsecured</a> and transactional nature of that type of revolving loan product. </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
Tracking [interest rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp) over time shows us significant [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) over long-enough time periods. Typically, the rates will be lowest on [mortgages](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgage.asp), highest on [credit cards](https://www.investopedia.com/average-credit-card-interest-rate-5076674), and somewhere in the middle on [auto loans](https://www.investopedia.com/best-auto-loan-rates-4846394). We can predict only one thing about interest rates with reasonable surety: that rates will change significantly over most 10-year periods. ### Key Takeaways * Mortgage rates have fluctuated from a record high of 18.45% in 1981 to a record low of 2.68% in 2020. * Credit card interest rates have fluctuated from a record-low 12.74% in 2014 to a record-high 17.14% in 2019. * Auto loan interest rates have gone from a high of 17.36% in 1981 to a low of 4.00% in 2015. * Mortgage rates have increased through 2022 but are still low in a historical sense. * Credit card interest rates are unlikely to fall significantly. ## Interest Rate Trends and Variance Typically, the rates on mortgages will be the lowest, the rates on credit cards will be the highest, and the rates on auto loans will be somewhere in the middle. ### Mortgage Rates Tracking interest rates over the last 51 years with data provided by [Freddie Mac](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freddiemac.asp) shows that the last decade has had the consistently lowest rates, with every single monthly average remaining under 5% interest on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. While rates have been climbing from their record-breaking average low of 2.68% in December 2020, we are still seeing very low mortgage rates compared to past decades. As of August 2022, the mortgage interest rate was 5.22% with an annual average of 4.72%. From 1971 to 2002, rates never dropped below 6% interest and fluctuated from 6.05% to a record high of 18.45% in October 1981. In fact, rates maintained a yearly average above 10% for the entire period from 1979 to 1990. ### Credit Card Interest Rates Credit card interest rates have had much less fluctuations than mortgage rates since 1994, when the [Federal Reserve](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp) began tracking data. Rates have fluctuated from a low of 11.96% in the first [quarter](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quarter.asp) (Q2) of 2003 to a high of 17.14% in Q2 2019. Credit card interest rates are very unlikely to fall in any significant way over the coming years, as credit balances are at an all-time high in spite of high interest rates. Unlike with mortgage rates, the government doesn’t have any programs in place to entice lenders to offer lower interest rates ### Auto Loan Interest Rates Auto loan interest rates over time have fluctuated more than credit card interest rates but less than mortgage rates. Data goes back to 1972 on traditional 48-month new car interest rates. They have fluctuated from an all-time high of 17.36% in late 1981 to an all-time low of 4.00% in late 2015. Interest rates have remained in the 4.00%–5.5% range for the entirety of the last decade, since 2012. Interest rates have remained in the 4.00%–5.5% range for the entirety of the last decade. As of May 2022, the 48-month new care interest rate was 5.15%. However, according to 2022 research, the average car loan term length is about 70 months. The Federal Reserve began tracking the 72-month new car interest rates in 2015 but tracked the 60-month loan much earlier in mid-2006. For the first two years, the 60-month new car loan interest rates were steady between 7.18% and 7.82%, until the rate dropped below 7% in Q2 2008. The interest rates have been below 6% since Q2 2011. As of Q2 2022, the 60 month new-car loan interest rate is 4.85%. The 72-month new car loan interest rates have been under 6% since the Federal Reserve began tracking it with the highest peak at 5.63% in Q4 2018. The lowest the rate dropped to was 4.08% for two consecutive quarters in 2016. As of Q2 2022, the 72-month new car loan interest rate is 5.19%. ## Why Interest Rates Differ So Much by Loan Type Credit cards traditionally carry the highest interest rates primarily because they are [unsecured loans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unsecuredloan.asp)—i.e., not secured by actual physical assets. Even though defaulting on a credit card loan will damage one’s credit, there is no [collateral](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp) that will be seized if payments are not made. Therefore, higher historical delinquency and [charge-off rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chargeoff-rate-credit-card.asp) make credit card loans more expensive for lenders, as they offset those costs through higher interest rates passed on to consumers. These factors, along with the short-term and variable nature of revolving credit card loans, drive this interest rate differential compared to mortgage and auto loans that are longer-term, feature fixed payments, and are secured by tangible assets. While both new automobile and mortgage loans can involve borrowers missing payments and going into [default](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/default2.asp), the repossession or [foreclosure](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreclosure.asp) of the loan collateral helps mitigate the related losses. Another factor that tends to keep secured loan interest rates lower involves [securitization](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/securitization.asp), which entails lenders packaging and selling bundles of auto and mortgage loans to investors. This securitization of loans transfers the risk liability from lenders to institutional and sometimes individual investors. Credit card receivables (outstanding balances held by account holders) are also sometimes securitized by issuers but generally to a much lesser extent compared to mortgage and new car loans. An additional factor reducing the risk and cost of mortgage loans is the influence of federally backed mortgage loans offered through the government-sponsored enterprises of [Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/fannie-mae-freddie-mac-credit-crisis.asp). Neither organization originates mortgage loans directly, but both purchase and guarantee mortgages from originating lenders in the secondary mortgage market to provide access to qualifying low- and medium-income Americans to promote homeownership. Those who suffer most from the highest-cost form of credit are people who make only minimum payments on credit cards or don’t pay their balances in full. These debtors can find themselves in never-ending cycles of high-interest credit card debt—especially if they need to make monthly payments on other types of debt obligations (despite their lower interest rates) like their mortgage or auto loan. ![Why Interest Rates Differ So Much By Loan Type]() ![Why Interest Rates Differ So Much By Loan Type](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/S2A4lgIEFOjDmBjU0mirrr0-GBM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/historical-interest-rates-for-credit-cards-auto-loans-and-student-loans-5176884-final-786ebbf1264f4d5d9715dfaa6e07c4a1.png) Investopedia / Mira Norian ## What role does the Federal Reserve play? The Federal Reserve doesn’t set your interest rates directly but does set the [federal funds rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp). Typically when the federal funds rate is low, interest rates on mortgages are lower, and when either the rate is high or the market anticipates that the Fed will raise the rates, mortgage interest rates climb. The Fed most recently raised rates by 75 [basis points (bps)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basispoint.asp) on Sept. 21, 2022. So far, 2022 has had the most aggressive rate increases on record with more expected to come. ## Does my credit score impact my interest rate? Yes, your [credit score](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_score.asp) is an important part of your borrower profile, which sums up your [creditworthiness](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-worthiness.asp). The higher your score, the lower your interest rate because the lender views you as less likely to default. The lower your score, the more likely you are to [pay higher interest rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskbased-pricing.asp) and have to seek out a lender that specializes in high-risk borrowers. ## How do interest rates affect my ability to buy a home or car? When interest rates rise, your monthly payment increases and the total amount that you can put to principal decreases, as you’ll be paying more in interest. You can see how this plays out in your particular situation by using our [mortgage calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-calculator-5084794) or our [auto loan calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/car-loan-calculator-5084761). As rates rise, your monthly payment becomes less affordable and you eventually may not be approved for a mortgage on the same home that you could have if interest rates were lower. ## The Bottom Line While interest rates on mortgages and auto loans are climbing, they are still historically low when considering data from the last 51 years. Credit card interest rates have remained dramatically higher over time relative to other loan types, largely due to the [unsecured](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unsecureddebt.asp) and transactional nature of that type of revolving loan product. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Tracking interest rates over time shows us significant volatility over long-enough time periods. Typically, the rates will be lowest on mortgages, highest on credit cards, and somewhere in the middle on auto loans. We can predict only one thing about interest rates with reasonable surety: that rates will change significantly over most 10-year periods. Key Takeaways Mortgage rates have fluctuated from a record high of 18.45% in 1981 to a record low of 2.68% in 2020.Credit card interest rates have fluctuated from a record-low 12.74% in 2014 to a record-high 17.14% in 2019.Auto loan interest rates have gone from a high of 17.36% in 1981 to a low of 4.00% in 2015.Mortgage rates have increased through 2022 but are still low in a historical sense.Credit card interest rates are unlikely to fall significantly. Interest Rate Trends and Variance Typically, the rates on mortgages will be the lowest, the rates on credit cards will be the highest, and the rates on auto loans will be somewhere in the middle. Mortgage Rates Tracking interest rates over the last 51 years with data provided by Freddie Mac shows that the last decade has had the consistently lowest rates, with every single monthly average remaining under 5% interest on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. While rates have been climbing from their record-breaking average low of 2.68% in December 2020, we are still seeing very low mortgage rates compared to past decades. As of August 2022, the mortgage interest rate was 5.22% with an annual average of 4.72%. From 1971 to 2002, rates never dropped below 6% interest and fluctuated from 6.05% to a record high of 18.45% in October 1981. In fact, rates maintained a yearly average above 10% for the entire period from 1979 to 1990. Credit Card Interest Rates Credit card interest rates have had much less fluctuations than mortgage rates since 1994, when the Federal Reserve began tracking data. Rates have fluctuated from a low of 11.96% in the first quarter (Q2) of 2003 to a high of 17.14% in Q2 2019. Credit card interest rates are very unlikely to fall in any significant way over the coming years, as credit balances are at an all-time high in spite of high interest rates. Unlike with mortgage rates, the government doesn’t have any programs in place to entice lenders to offer lower interest rates Auto Loan Interest Rates Auto loan interest rates over time have fluctuated more than credit card interest rates but less than mortgage rates. Data goes back to 1972 on traditional 48-month new car interest rates. They have fluctuated from an all-time high of 17.36% in late 1981 to an all-time low of 4.00% in late 2015. Interest rates have remained in the 4.00%–5.5% range for the entirety of the last decade, since 2012. Interest rates have remained in the 4.00%–5.5% range for the entirety of the last decade. As of May 2022, the 48-month new care interest rate was 5.15%. However, according to 2022 research, the average car loan term length is about 70 months. The Federal Reserve began tracking the 72-month new car interest rates in 2015 but tracked the 60-month loan much earlier in mid-2006. For the first two years, the 60-month new car loan interest rates were steady between 7.18% and 7.82%, until the rate dropped below 7% in Q2 2008. The interest rates have been below 6% since Q2 2011. As of Q2 2022, the 60 month new-car loan interest rate is 4.85%. The 72-month new car loan interest rates have been under 6% since the Federal Reserve began tracking it with the highest peak at 5.63% in Q4 2018. The lowest the rate dropped to was 4.08% for two consecutive quarters in 2016. As of Q2 2022, the 72-month new car loan interest rate is 5.19%. Why Interest Rates Differ So Much by Loan Type Credit cards traditionally carry the highest interest rates primarily because they are unsecured loans—i.e., not secured by actual physical assets. Even though defaulting on a credit card loan will damage one’s credit, there is no collateral that will be seized if payments are not made. Therefore, higher historical delinquency and charge-off rates make credit card loans more expensive for lenders, as they offset those costs through higher interest rates passed on to consumers. These factors, along with the short-term and variable nature of revolving credit card loans, drive this interest rate differential compared to mortgage and auto loans that are longer-term, feature fixed payments, and are secured by tangible assets. While both new automobile and mortgage loans can involve borrowers missing payments and going into default, the repossession or foreclosure of the loan collateral helps mitigate the related losses. Another factor that tends to keep secured loan interest rates lower involves securitization, which entails lenders packaging and selling bundles of auto and mortgage loans to investors. This securitization of loans transfers the risk liability from lenders to institutional and sometimes individual investors. Credit card receivables (outstanding balances held by account holders) are also sometimes securitized by issuers but generally to a much lesser extent compared to mortgage and new car loans. An additional factor reducing the risk and cost of mortgage loans is the influence of federally backed mortgage loans offered through the government-sponsored enterprises of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Neither organization originates mortgage loans directly, but both purchase and guarantee mortgages from originating lenders in the secondary mortgage market to provide access to qualifying low- and medium-income Americans to promote homeownership. Those who suffer most from the highest-cost form of credit are people who make only minimum payments on credit cards or don’t pay their balances in full. These debtors can find themselves in never-ending cycles of high-interest credit card debt—especially if they need to make monthly payments on other types of debt obligations (despite their lower interest rates) like their mortgage or auto loan. Investopedia / Mira Norian What role does the Federal Reserve play? The Federal Reserve doesn’t set your interest rates directly but does set the federal funds rate. Typically when the federal funds rate is low, interest rates on mortgages are lower, and when either the rate is high or the market anticipates that the Fed will raise the rates, mortgage interest rates climb. The Fed most recently raised rates by 75 basis points (bps) on Sept. 21, 2022. So far, 2022 has had the most aggressive rate increases on record with more expected to come. Does my credit score impact my interest rate? Yes, your credit score is an important part of your borrower profile, which sums up your creditworthiness. The higher your score, the lower your interest rate because the lender views you as less likely to default. The lower your score, the more likely you are to pay higher interest rates and have to seek out a lender that specializes in high-risk borrowers. How do interest rates affect my ability to buy a home or car? When interest rates rise, your monthly payment increases and the total amount that you can put to principal decreases, as you’ll be paying more in interest. You can see how this plays out in your particular situation by using our mortgage calculator or our auto loan calculator. As rates rise, your monthly payment becomes less affordable and you eventually may not be approved for a mortgage on the same home that you could have if interest rates were lower. The Bottom Line While interest rates on mortgages and auto loans are climbing, they are still historically low when considering data from the last 51 years. Credit card interest rates have remained dramatically higher over time relative to other loan types, largely due to the unsecured and transactional nature of that type of revolving loan product. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-protect-retirement-income-8605710
How to Protect Retirement Income: Strategies and Budgeting
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Retirement is an exciting milestone that many would-be retirees wait for with great anticipation. However, only one in five Americans feel “very confident” that their savings will allow them to retire comfortably, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s 2023 Retirement Confidence Survey.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> So, it makes sense that many entering their retirement years are experiencing uncertainty, especially regarding money. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> The good news is that there are ways to mitigate the risks of running out of money in retirement and strategies to ensure your nest egg stretches a little further. This guide will walk you through some retirement income strategies and budgeting tips to help you maximize your retirement savings. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Protecting retirement income is crucial for financial security during retirement.</li><li>Diversification and asset allocation are key factors in safeguarding retirement income.</li><li>Insurance products, such as annuities and long-term care insurance, can help mitigate risks.</li><li>Budgeting is essential for effective retirement planning and managing expenses.</li><li>Regular reviews and adjustments to retirement income strategies are important for long-term success.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-your-retirement-income"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Your Retirement Income </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> The first step in protecting your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/how-to-manage-timing-and-sources-of-income-retirement/">retirement income</a> is fully understanding your income sources, how they work together, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/strategies-for-wealth-preservation-8604652">what strategies can make them last even longer</a>. Retirement income will vary from person to person, but here are a few common ones: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Social Security Benefits </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/socialsecurity.asp">Social Security</a> benefits provide a monthly income based on your earnings over your working life and are periodically adjusted for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp">inflation</a>. With a few exceptions, most people will qualify for benefits, so it’s almost a guaranteed source of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/income.asp">income</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Though it’s a relatively secure source of income for most, the downside is that it’s typically not enough money to sustain retirees on its own.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> Another issue is that the Social Security Administration projects that the fund will soon be depleted, with the latest forecast predicting that the fund will not have money as soon as 2034.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Pension </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Your employer contributes funds to an account for your benefit once you retire. Payout amounts are usually predetermined and based on factors such as salary history and years of service. Some employers may offer a lump sum payout as opposed to monthly payments.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pensionplan.asp">Pensions</a> can be great sources of retirement income because your employer mainly funds them, and they’re mostly a reliable, consistent source of income. Risks include the growing trend of public- and private-sector entities with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underfunded_pension_plan.asp">underfunded pension</a> obligations.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Market fluctuations, mismanagement, and demographic changes are reasons why pensions may be reduced or eliminated altogether. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Retirement Savings Accounts </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> These include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement-savings-accounts-4689692">retirement accounts</a> like 401(k)s, Thrift Savings Plans (TSPs), 403(b)s, and traditional and Roth IRAs. These offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp">tax-advantaged</a> savings options with the potential for growth through investments in stocks, bonds, and other assets. In some cases, an employer may also offer a match, which can increase your returns substantially. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Risks related to these accounts are that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp">returns</a> and related income are subject to market conditions. Plus, there are some disadvantages like contribution limits, early withdrawal penalties, and minimum distribution requirements, which can trigger tax liabilities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Annuities </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> An <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/08/annuity-mutualfund.asp">annuity</a> is a fixed-income product that can provide a guaranteed income stream for a defined time frame. Some retirees may use annuities to turn a lump sum payment, perhaps from the sale of a business, lawsuit settlement, or property, into a consistent monthly payment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> As an insurance product, the idea is that you are transferring the risk of running out of money from yourself to the insurance company that guarantees against the loss of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp#toc-principal-in-investing">principal</a>. The disadvantages of annuities are that they can be complex, loaded with fees, and somewhat illiquid, and the fixed income may not keep pace with inflation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> Plus, you’ll typically earn less of a return on your money than if you were investing in the stock market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> General Investment Income </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> You may have other assets that provide income, such as a business, real estate income, or even a taxable brokerage account. These income sources often require more <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/activemanagement.asp">active management</a> and carry higher <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp">risk</a> but offer the potential for higher returns. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-factors-to-consider-when-protecting-retirement-income"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Factors to Consider When Protecting Retirement Income </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> To <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/retirement-income-planning/">make your retirement income last</a>, keep the following factors in mind: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Diversification and Asset Allocation </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> “One essential strategy is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp">diversification</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetallocation.asp">asset allocation</a>, which involves spreading investments across various asset classes to reduce risk,” says <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.qedwealthsolutions.com/aboutus.html" rel="nofollow">Tyler Meyer</a>, a certified financial planner and owner/president of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.qedwealthsolutions.com" rel="nofollow">QED Wealth Solutions</a>. This strategy may include moving assets into more stable investments like bonds or cash when retirement is imminent. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Risk Management </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> Certain risks can bust your retirement budget. For instance, if the market drops substantially, you run the risk of prematurely depleting your retirement savings. Adding inflation to the mix only compounds the risk of running out of money. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Meyer also mentions how products like annuities can provide a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp">hedge</a> when <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatile</a> markets and inflation threaten retirement savings. He says, “In addition to diversifying investment <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp">portfolios</a> across various <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetclasses.asp">asset classes</a> and regularly <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/rebalance-your-portfolio-stay-on-track/">rebalancing</a> them, individuals can also consider allocating a portion of their assets to inflation-protected securities, exploring annuities with guaranteed income features, and maintaining a flexible withdrawal strategy aligned with their financial goals.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> The Cost of Long-Term Care </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> Developing health problems can be another risk for retirees. If those health problems require elevated levels of care, such as assisted living, memory care, home healthcare services, or any form of long-term care (LTC), then basic living expenses will increase substantially. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-warning" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0">Warning</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Contrary to what most people believe, Medicare doesn’t cover LTC, so you will need a plan to handle these expenses should they arise.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> This may involve setting aside more money for retirement or opting for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/ltcinsurance.asp">long-term care insurance</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-strategies-for-budgeting-for-retirement"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Strategies for Budgeting for Retirement </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> One of the most powerful practices you can implement in retirement is budgeting. A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget.asp">budget</a> is simply a plan stating how you will use your money. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> If you are planning for a specific withdrawal rate, a budget can keep you on track so that your expenses don’t exceed your income. Here are some steps to start the process of budgeting: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> <li>Identify your expenses in retirement.</li><li>Create benchmarks for where you’d like them to be if they are too high.</li><li>Adjust spending habits accordingly.</li><li>Track spending to ensure you are staying within your budget.</li><li>Review the budget regularly to make adjustments based on your financial circumstances.</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> Your budget can help you stay focused on your long-term financial goals and avoid overspending during retirement. However, it’s also important to budget during retirement and in your working years to prepare for retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.cornerstone-mi.com/team/daniel-milan" rel="nofollow">Dan Milan</a>, a founder and managing partner at <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.cornerstone-mi.com" rel="nofollow">Cornerstone Financial Services</a>, says that the budgeting process “includes budgeting both during your accumulation years so that you can save appropriately, as well as budgeting in your retirement years so that you can maximize your distribution years.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> He adds, “If planned correctly, you should be able to create a road map that allows for your retirement income to be reliant on income-producing assets that produce dividends, interest, and/or guaranteed income streams.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-strategies-for-protecting-retirement-income"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Strategies for Protecting Retirement Income </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> Although planning your retirement cash flow comes with many variables, there are plenty of things that remain within your control. Here are some examples of financial planning strategies that you can be extremely intentional about and that will make a big difference in your finances as a retiree. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Create an Emergency Fund </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> An <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergency_fund.asp">emergency fund</a> helps you cover unexpected expenses so that you don’t have to go into debt or dip into your retirement savings accounts. Keeping enough cash on hand means that you can continue to pay for your living expenses and earn <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp">interest</a> on your money in the bank. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Manage Cash Flow Effectively </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Essentially, you can manage your cash flow by spending less than you earn. People commonly overspend when they begin to use credit cards and regularly carry a balance on them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> Although it may be tempting to use credit to try to keep your cash reserves intact, it will eventually catch up with you, as you have to pay interest on borrowed money. As monthly payments accrue, you risk spending more money than you bring in with this habit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Minimize Debt </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> As mentioned, avoiding <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debt.asp">debt</a> is a great strategy to ensure that your money lasts in retirement. If you have enough high-interest debt, it can negate the returns you’re earning on the money that you’re saving and investing. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"> Consider making a plan to pay off debt, especially high-interest debt aggressively. This may mean cutting back in other areas until you’re done, but eliminating interest payments from your budget will be worth it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Be Flexible with Withdrawals </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> A common obstacle faced by retirees is the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sequence-risk.asp">sequence-of-returns risk</a>. This refers to timing withdrawals in a way that hurts the overall rate of return of your retirement portfolio. Essentially, selling investments to fund retirement expenses during a market low can deplete your cash faster than if the same amount were withdrawn during market highs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> The sequence-of-returns risk means retirees should have a flexible withdrawal strategy and possibly a buffer of more stable investments to draw from during periods of market volatility. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> If you think you might be retiring during a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bearmarket.asp">bear market</a> and want to avoid drawing down your principal, it’s also a good idea to have backup plans. These plans include reducing your withdrawal rate, selling an asset (like real estate) to increase liquidity or reduce monthly debt payments, adjusting the timeline for receiving Social Security benefits, delaying retirement, or even working part-time to reduce the strain on your finances. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Even if you’re not retiring in a volatile market, it’s a good idea to have options in case your original retirement plans become unviable for one reason or another.</p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Engage a Professional </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> Navigating the landscape of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement-planning.asp">retirement planning</a> can be incredibly complex and overwhelming. That’s why it’s a good idea to seek <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/012516/how-hire-retirement-advisor.asp">professional financial advice</a> to help you develop a comprehensive retirement income protection plan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-government-programs-and-policies-for-retirement-income-protection"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Government Programs and Policies for Retirement Income Protection </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"> You should also understand the benefits of social safety net programs that the U.S. government provides. These programs, though typically not enough to sustain a retirement lifestyle on their own, can complement your other retirement income sources. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Social Security </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> Social Security is available to most Americans who have earned enough credits based on their (or their spouse’s) work history. Fortunately, some strategies exist to get the most out of your Social Security earnings. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> <li><strong>Delay taking retirement benefits</strong>: Wait to claim your Social Security benefits after your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/normal-retirement-age-nra.asp">full retirement age (FRA)</a>. Every year you delay, up until age 70, your benefit increases by about 8%.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span></li> <li><strong>Lower your taxable income</strong>: Reduce the taxable amount of your Social Security earnings by keeping your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/agi.asp">adjusted gross income (AGI)</a> under the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxable thresholds.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> This <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/tax-strategies-your-retirement-income/">retirement tax strategy</a> may include one or more of the following: diversifying your income sources, strategizing your withdrawals, or taking advantage of a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/iraconversion.asp">Roth conversion strategy</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Medicare </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/medicare.asp">Medicare</a> acts like health insurance and covers a range of medical services to individuals ages 65 and older.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> This coverage can significantly reduce out-of-pocket healthcare costs for many American retirees. The disadvantage of this coverage is that it may not cover all of your healthcare needs in retirement, including one of the most likely and costly needs for many retirees: long-term healthcare.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"> Though both programs can assist in your retirement years, it’s important to understand their limitations. As mentioned, the benefits may not cover all of your needs in retirement, plus many changes to the programs mean that the availability and eligibility requirements could change at any time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-common-mistakes-to-avoid-in-retirement-income-planning"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Common Mistakes to Avoid in Retirement Income Planning </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"> Most people have only planned for retirement and then actually retired once in their lives, so it’s inevitable that people will make mistakes in this process. Common missteps include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"> <li>Underestimating the amount of money needed in retirement</li><li>Not adequately accounting for additional costs like inflation and healthcare</li><li>Relying solely on Social Security income</li><li>Not planning adequately for tax liabilities, especially those who’ll end up in a higher tax bracket in retirement</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"> Even if you make these mistakes, know that you can always learn and adjust as you go. It may take some creativity, but it’s possible to reposition yourself for a better quality of life in retirement if you didn’t plan as thoroughly as you might have. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_110-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>If you’re focused on future-proofing your finances, there are more resources <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/strategies-for-wealth-preservation-8604652">here</a> to help protect your assets.</p></div></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-4-rule-for-retirement-income"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the 4% Rule for Retirement Income?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/four-percent-rule.asp">4% rule</a> for retirement income suggests that you withdraw no more than 4% of your portfolio in the first year of retirement, with adjustments for inflation thereafter, to ensure the longevity of your retirement portfolio.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-biggest-financial-risk-in-retirement"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Biggest Financial Risk in Retirement?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The biggest financial risk in retirement is outliving your retirement savings. This can happen due to inflation, increased living expenses, or not having enough money saved up to begin with.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_115-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_116-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-age-should-you-get-out-of-the-stock-market"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Age Should You Get Out of the Stock Market?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>There’s no recommended age to stop investing in stocks. Most financial professionals suggest retirees rebalance their portfolio from riskier investments, like some stocks, to more stable investments, like bonds or annuities, to avoid loss of principal.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_117-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_118-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_119-0"> Planning for retirement can present some challenges. These challenges come from unknowns, ranging from life expectancy and inflation to market conditions and even the viability of the Social Security trust fund and tax legislation. The key is to focus on what you can control while remaining creative and adaptable should you need to adjust your retirement plans before or during retirement.<br/> </p></div>
Retirement is an exciting milestone that many would-be retirees wait for with great anticipation. However, only one in five Americans feel “very confident” that their savings will allow them to retire comfortably, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s 2023 Retirement Confidence Survey. So, it makes sense that many entering their retirement years are experiencing uncertainty, especially regarding money. The good news is that there are ways to mitigate the risks of running out of money in retirement and strategies to ensure your nest egg stretches a little further. This guide will walk you through some retirement income strategies and budgeting tips to help you maximize your retirement savings. ### Key Takeaways * Protecting retirement income is crucial for financial security during retirement. * Diversification and asset allocation are key factors in safeguarding retirement income. * Insurance products, such as annuities and long-term care insurance, can help mitigate risks. * Budgeting is essential for effective retirement planning and managing expenses. * Regular reviews and adjustments to retirement income strategies are important for long-term success. ## Understanding Your Retirement Income The first step in protecting your [retirement income](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/how-to-manage-timing-and-sources-of-income-retirement/) is fully understanding your income sources, how they work together, and [what strategies can make them last even longer](https://www.investopedia.com/strategies-for-wealth-preservation-8604652). Retirement income will vary from person to person, but here are a few common ones: ### Social Security Benefits [Social Security](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/socialsecurity.asp) benefits provide a monthly income based on your earnings over your working life and are periodically adjusted for [inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp). With a few exceptions, most people will qualify for benefits, so it’s almost a guaranteed source of [income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/income.asp). Though it’s a relatively secure source of income for most, the downside is that it’s typically not enough money to sustain retirees on its own. Another issue is that the Social Security Administration projects that the fund will soon be depleted, with the latest forecast predicting that the fund will not have money as soon as 2034. ### Pension Your employer contributes funds to an account for your benefit once you retire. Payout amounts are usually predetermined and based on factors such as salary history and years of service. Some employers may offer a lump sum payout as opposed to monthly payments. [Pensions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pensionplan.asp) can be great sources of retirement income because your employer mainly funds them, and they’re mostly a reliable, consistent source of income. Risks include the growing trend of public- and private-sector entities with [underfunded pension](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underfunded_pension_plan.asp) obligations. Market fluctuations, mismanagement, and demographic changes are reasons why pensions may be reduced or eliminated altogether. ### Retirement Savings Accounts These include [retirement accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement-savings-accounts-4689692) like 401(k)s, Thrift Savings Plans (TSPs), 403(b)s, and traditional and Roth IRAs. These offer [tax-advantaged](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-advantaged.asp) savings options with the potential for growth through investments in stocks, bonds, and other assets. In some cases, an employer may also offer a match, which can increase your returns substantially. Risks related to these accounts are that [returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp) and related income are subject to market conditions. Plus, there are some disadvantages like contribution limits, early withdrawal penalties, and minimum distribution requirements, which can trigger tax liabilities. ### Annuities An [annuity](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/08/annuity-mutualfund.asp) is a fixed-income product that can provide a guaranteed income stream for a defined time frame. Some retirees may use annuities to turn a lump sum payment, perhaps from the sale of a business, lawsuit settlement, or property, into a consistent monthly payment. As an insurance product, the idea is that you are transferring the risk of running out of money from yourself to the insurance company that guarantees against the loss of [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp#toc-principal-in-investing). The disadvantages of annuities are that they can be complex, loaded with fees, and somewhat illiquid, and the fixed income may not keep pace with inflation. Plus, you’ll typically earn less of a return on your money than if you were investing in the stock market. ### General Investment Income You may have other assets that provide income, such as a business, real estate income, or even a taxable brokerage account. These income sources often require more [active management](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/activemanagement.asp) and carry higher [risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk.asp) but offer the potential for higher returns. ## Factors to Consider When Protecting Retirement Income To [make your retirement income last](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/retirement-income-planning/), keep the following factors in mind: ### Diversification and Asset Allocation “One essential strategy is [diversification](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp) and [asset allocation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetallocation.asp), which involves spreading investments across various asset classes to reduce risk,” says [Tyler Meyer](https://www.qedwealthsolutions.com/aboutus.html), a certified financial planner and owner/president of [QED Wealth Solutions](https://www.qedwealthsolutions.com). This strategy may include moving assets into more stable investments like bonds or cash when retirement is imminent. ### Risk Management Certain risks can bust your retirement budget. For instance, if the market drops substantially, you run the risk of prematurely depleting your retirement savings. Adding inflation to the mix only compounds the risk of running out of money. Meyer also mentions how products like annuities can provide a [hedge](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp) when [volatile](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) markets and inflation threaten retirement savings. He says, “In addition to diversifying investment [portfolios](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp) across various [asset classes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetclasses.asp) and regularly [rebalancing](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/rebalance-your-portfolio-stay-on-track/) them, individuals can also consider allocating a portion of their assets to inflation-protected securities, exploring annuities with guaranteed income features, and maintaining a flexible withdrawal strategy aligned with their financial goals.” ### The Cost of Long-Term Care Developing health problems can be another risk for retirees. If those health problems require elevated levels of care, such as assisted living, memory care, home healthcare services, or any form of long-term care (LTC), then basic living expenses will increase substantially. ### Warning Contrary to what most people believe, Medicare doesn’t cover LTC, so you will need a plan to handle these expenses should they arise. This may involve setting aside more money for retirement or opting for [long-term care insurance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/ltcinsurance.asp). ## Strategies for Budgeting for Retirement One of the most powerful practices you can implement in retirement is budgeting. A [budget](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget.asp) is simply a plan stating how you will use your money. If you are planning for a specific withdrawal rate, a budget can keep you on track so that your expenses don’t exceed your income. Here are some steps to start the process of budgeting: 1. Identify your expenses in retirement. 2. Create benchmarks for where you’d like them to be if they are too high. 3. Adjust spending habits accordingly. 4. Track spending to ensure you are staying within your budget. 5. Review the budget regularly to make adjustments based on your financial circumstances. Your budget can help you stay focused on your long-term financial goals and avoid overspending during retirement. However, it’s also important to budget during retirement and in your working years to prepare for retirement. [Dan Milan](https://www.cornerstone-mi.com/team/daniel-milan), a founder and managing partner at [Cornerstone Financial Services](https://www.cornerstone-mi.com), says that the budgeting process “includes budgeting both during your accumulation years so that you can save appropriately, as well as budgeting in your retirement years so that you can maximize your distribution years.” He adds, “If planned correctly, you should be able to create a road map that allows for your retirement income to be reliant on income-producing assets that produce dividends, interest, and/or guaranteed income streams.” ## Strategies for Protecting Retirement Income Although planning your retirement cash flow comes with many variables, there are plenty of things that remain within your control. Here are some examples of financial planning strategies that you can be extremely intentional about and that will make a big difference in your finances as a retiree. ### Create an Emergency Fund An [emergency fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergency_fund.asp) helps you cover unexpected expenses so that you don’t have to go into debt or dip into your retirement savings accounts. Keeping enough cash on hand means that you can continue to pay for your living expenses and earn [interest](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp) on your money in the bank. ### Manage Cash Flow Effectively Essentially, you can manage your cash flow by spending less than you earn. People commonly overspend when they begin to use credit cards and regularly carry a balance on them. Although it may be tempting to use credit to try to keep your cash reserves intact, it will eventually catch up with you, as you have to pay interest on borrowed money. As monthly payments accrue, you risk spending more money than you bring in with this habit. ### Minimize Debt As mentioned, avoiding [debt](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debt.asp) is a great strategy to ensure that your money lasts in retirement. If you have enough high-interest debt, it can negate the returns you’re earning on the money that you’re saving and investing. Consider making a plan to pay off debt, especially high-interest debt aggressively. This may mean cutting back in other areas until you’re done, but eliminating interest payments from your budget will be worth it. ### Be Flexible with Withdrawals A common obstacle faced by retirees is the [sequence-of-returns risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sequence-risk.asp). This refers to timing withdrawals in a way that hurts the overall rate of return of your retirement portfolio. Essentially, selling investments to fund retirement expenses during a market low can deplete your cash faster than if the same amount were withdrawn during market highs. The sequence-of-returns risk means retirees should have a flexible withdrawal strategy and possibly a buffer of more stable investments to draw from during periods of market volatility. If you think you might be retiring during a [bear market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bearmarket.asp) and want to avoid drawing down your principal, it’s also a good idea to have backup plans. These plans include reducing your withdrawal rate, selling an asset (like real estate) to increase liquidity or reduce monthly debt payments, adjusting the timeline for receiving Social Security benefits, delaying retirement, or even working part-time to reduce the strain on your finances. ### Even if you’re not retiring in a volatile market, it’s a good idea to have options in case your original retirement plans become unviable for one reason or another. ### Engage a Professional Navigating the landscape of [retirement planning](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retirement-planning.asp) can be incredibly complex and overwhelming. That’s why it’s a good idea to seek [professional financial advice](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/012516/how-hire-retirement-advisor.asp) to help you develop a comprehensive retirement income protection plan. ## Government Programs and Policies for Retirement Income Protection You should also understand the benefits of social safety net programs that the U.S. government provides. These programs, though typically not enough to sustain a retirement lifestyle on their own, can complement your other retirement income sources. ### Social Security Social Security is available to most Americans who have earned enough credits based on their (or their spouse’s) work history. Fortunately, some strategies exist to get the most out of your Social Security earnings. * **Delay taking retirement benefits**: Wait to claim your Social Security benefits after your [full retirement age (FRA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/normal-retirement-age-nra.asp). Every year you delay, up until age 70, your benefit increases by about 8%. * **Lower your taxable income**: Reduce the taxable amount of your Social Security earnings by keeping your [adjusted gross income (AGI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/agi.asp) under the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxable thresholds. This [retirement tax strategy](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/tax-strategies-your-retirement-income/) may include one or more of the following: diversifying your income sources, strategizing your withdrawals, or taking advantage of a [Roth conversion strategy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/iraconversion.asp). ### Medicare [Medicare](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/medicare.asp) acts like health insurance and covers a range of medical services to individuals ages 65 and older. This coverage can significantly reduce out-of-pocket healthcare costs for many American retirees. The disadvantage of this coverage is that it may not cover all of your healthcare needs in retirement, including one of the most likely and costly needs for many retirees: long-term healthcare. Though both programs can assist in your retirement years, it’s important to understand their limitations. As mentioned, the benefits may not cover all of your needs in retirement, plus many changes to the programs mean that the availability and eligibility requirements could change at any time. ## Common Mistakes to Avoid in Retirement Income Planning Most people have only planned for retirement and then actually retired once in their lives, so it’s inevitable that people will make mistakes in this process. Common missteps include: * Underestimating the amount of money needed in retirement * Not adequately accounting for additional costs like inflation and healthcare * Relying solely on Social Security income * Not planning adequately for tax liabilities, especially those who’ll end up in a higher tax bracket in retirement Even if you make these mistakes, know that you can always learn and adjust as you go. It may take some creativity, but it’s possible to reposition yourself for a better quality of life in retirement if you didn’t plan as thoroughly as you might have. ### If you’re focused on future-proofing your finances, there are more resources [here](https://www.investopedia.com/strategies-for-wealth-preservation-8604652) to help protect your assets. ## What Is the 4% Rule for Retirement Income? The [4% rule](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/four-percent-rule.asp) for retirement income suggests that you withdraw no more than 4% of your portfolio in the first year of retirement, with adjustments for inflation thereafter, to ensure the longevity of your retirement portfolio. ## What Is the Biggest Financial Risk in Retirement? The biggest financial risk in retirement is outliving your retirement savings. This can happen due to inflation, increased living expenses, or not having enough money saved up to begin with. ## What Age Should You Get Out of the Stock Market? There’s no recommended age to stop investing in stocks. Most financial professionals suggest retirees rebalance their portfolio from riskier investments, like some stocks, to more stable investments, like bonds or annuities, to avoid loss of principal. ## The Bottom Line Planning for retirement can present some challenges. These challenges come from unknowns, ranging from life expectancy and inflation to market conditions and even the viability of the Social Security trust fund and tax legislation. The key is to focus on what you can control while remaining creative and adaptable should you need to adjust your retirement plans before or during retirement.
Retirement is an exciting milestone that many would-be retirees wait for with great anticipation. However, only one in five Americans feel “very confident” that their savings will allow them to retire comfortably, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s 2023 Retirement Confidence Survey. So, it makes sense that many entering their retirement years are experiencing uncertainty, especially regarding money. The good news is that there are ways to mitigate the risks of running out of money in retirement and strategies to ensure your nest egg stretches a little further. This guide will walk you through some retirement income strategies and budgeting tips to help you maximize your retirement savings. Key Takeaways Protecting retirement income is crucial for financial security during retirement.Diversification and asset allocation are key factors in safeguarding retirement income.Insurance products, such as annuities and long-term care insurance, can help mitigate risks.Budgeting is essential for effective retirement planning and managing expenses.Regular reviews and adjustments to retirement income strategies are important for long-term success. Understanding Your Retirement Income The first step in protecting your retirement income is fully understanding your income sources, how they work together, and what strategies can make them last even longer. Retirement income will vary from person to person, but here are a few common ones: Social Security Benefits Social Security benefits provide a monthly income based on your earnings over your working life and are periodically adjusted for inflation. With a few exceptions, most people will qualify for benefits, so it’s almost a guaranteed source of income. Though it’s a relatively secure source of income for most, the downside is that it’s typically not enough money to sustain retirees on its own. Another issue is that the Social Security Administration projects that the fund will soon be depleted, with the latest forecast predicting that the fund will not have money as soon as 2034. Pension Your employer contributes funds to an account for your benefit once you retire. Payout amounts are usually predetermined and based on factors such as salary history and years of service. Some employers may offer a lump sum payout as opposed to monthly payments. Pensions can be great sources of retirement income because your employer mainly funds them, and they’re mostly a reliable, consistent source of income. Risks include the growing trend of public- and private-sector entities with underfunded pension obligations. Market fluctuations, mismanagement, and demographic changes are reasons why pensions may be reduced or eliminated altogether. Retirement Savings Accounts These include retirement accounts like 401(k)s, Thrift Savings Plans (TSPs), 403(b)s, and traditional and Roth IRAs. These offer tax-advantaged savings options with the potential for growth through investments in stocks, bonds, and other assets. In some cases, an employer may also offer a match, which can increase your returns substantially. Risks related to these accounts are that returns and related income are subject to market conditions. Plus, there are some disadvantages like contribution limits, early withdrawal penalties, and minimum distribution requirements, which can trigger tax liabilities. Annuities An annuity is a fixed-income product that can provide a guaranteed income stream for a defined time frame. Some retirees may use annuities to turn a lump sum payment, perhaps from the sale of a business, lawsuit settlement, or property, into a consistent monthly payment. As an insurance product, the idea is that you are transferring the risk of running out of money from yourself to the insurance company that guarantees against the loss of principal. The disadvantages of annuities are that they can be complex, loaded with fees, and somewhat illiquid, and the fixed income may not keep pace with inflation. Plus, you’ll typically earn less of a return on your money than if you were investing in the stock market. General Investment Income You may have other assets that provide income, such as a business, real estate income, or even a taxable brokerage account. These income sources often require more active management and carry higher risk but offer the potential for higher returns. Factors to Consider When Protecting Retirement Income To make your retirement income last, keep the following factors in mind: Diversification and Asset Allocation “One essential strategy is diversification and asset allocation, which involves spreading investments across various asset classes to reduce risk,” says Tyler Meyer, a certified financial planner and owner/president of QED Wealth Solutions. This strategy may include moving assets into more stable investments like bonds or cash when retirement is imminent. Risk Management Certain risks can bust your retirement budget. For instance, if the market drops substantially, you run the risk of prematurely depleting your retirement savings. Adding inflation to the mix only compounds the risk of running out of money. Meyer also mentions how products like annuities can provide a hedge when volatile markets and inflation threaten retirement savings. He says, “In addition to diversifying investment portfolios across various asset classes and regularly rebalancing them, individuals can also consider allocating a portion of their assets to inflation-protected securities, exploring annuities with guaranteed income features, and maintaining a flexible withdrawal strategy aligned with their financial goals.” The Cost of Long-Term Care Developing health problems can be another risk for retirees. If those health problems require elevated levels of care, such as assisted living, memory care, home healthcare services, or any form of long-term care (LTC), then basic living expenses will increase substantially. Warning Contrary to what most people believe, Medicare doesn’t cover LTC, so you will need a plan to handle these expenses should they arise. This may involve setting aside more money for retirement or opting for long-term care insurance. Strategies for Budgeting for Retirement One of the most powerful practices you can implement in retirement is budgeting. A budget is simply a plan stating how you will use your money. If you are planning for a specific withdrawal rate, a budget can keep you on track so that your expenses don’t exceed your income. Here are some steps to start the process of budgeting: Identify your expenses in retirement.Create benchmarks for where you’d like them to be if they are too high.Adjust spending habits accordingly.Track spending to ensure you are staying within your budget.Review the budget regularly to make adjustments based on your financial circumstances. Your budget can help you stay focused on your long-term financial goals and avoid overspending during retirement. However, it’s also important to budget during retirement and in your working years to prepare for retirement. Dan Milan, a founder and managing partner at Cornerstone Financial Services, says that the budgeting process “includes budgeting both during your accumulation years so that you can save appropriately, as well as budgeting in your retirement years so that you can maximize your distribution years.” He adds, “If planned correctly, you should be able to create a road map that allows for your retirement income to be reliant on income-producing assets that produce dividends, interest, and/or guaranteed income streams.” Strategies for Protecting Retirement Income Although planning your retirement cash flow comes with many variables, there are plenty of things that remain within your control. Here are some examples of financial planning strategies that you can be extremely intentional about and that will make a big difference in your finances as a retiree. Create an Emergency Fund An emergency fund helps you cover unexpected expenses so that you don’t have to go into debt or dip into your retirement savings accounts. Keeping enough cash on hand means that you can continue to pay for your living expenses and earn interest on your money in the bank. Manage Cash Flow Effectively Essentially, you can manage your cash flow by spending less than you earn. People commonly overspend when they begin to use credit cards and regularly carry a balance on them. Although it may be tempting to use credit to try to keep your cash reserves intact, it will eventually catch up with you, as you have to pay interest on borrowed money. As monthly payments accrue, you risk spending more money than you bring in with this habit. Minimize Debt As mentioned, avoiding debt is a great strategy to ensure that your money lasts in retirement. If you have enough high-interest debt, it can negate the returns you’re earning on the money that you’re saving and investing. Consider making a plan to pay off debt, especially high-interest debt aggressively. This may mean cutting back in other areas until you’re done, but eliminating interest payments from your budget will be worth it. Be Flexible with Withdrawals A common obstacle faced by retirees is the sequence-of-returns risk. This refers to timing withdrawals in a way that hurts the overall rate of return of your retirement portfolio. Essentially, selling investments to fund retirement expenses during a market low can deplete your cash faster than if the same amount were withdrawn during market highs. The sequence-of-returns risk means retirees should have a flexible withdrawal strategy and possibly a buffer of more stable investments to draw from during periods of market volatility. If you think you might be retiring during a bear market and want to avoid drawing down your principal, it’s also a good idea to have backup plans. These plans include reducing your withdrawal rate, selling an asset (like real estate) to increase liquidity or reduce monthly debt payments, adjusting the timeline for receiving Social Security benefits, delaying retirement, or even working part-time to reduce the strain on your finances. Even if you’re not retiring in a volatile market, it’s a good idea to have options in case your original retirement plans become unviable for one reason or another. Engage a Professional Navigating the landscape of retirement planning can be incredibly complex and overwhelming. That’s why it’s a good idea to seek professional financial advice to help you develop a comprehensive retirement income protection plan. Government Programs and Policies for Retirement Income Protection You should also understand the benefits of social safety net programs that the U.S. government provides. These programs, though typically not enough to sustain a retirement lifestyle on their own, can complement your other retirement income sources. Social Security Social Security is available to most Americans who have earned enough credits based on their (or their spouse’s) work history. Fortunately, some strategies exist to get the most out of your Social Security earnings. Delay taking retirement benefits: Wait to claim your Social Security benefits after your full retirement age (FRA). Every year you delay, up until age 70, your benefit increases by about 8%. Lower your taxable income: Reduce the taxable amount of your Social Security earnings by keeping your adjusted gross income (AGI) under the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxable thresholds. This retirement tax strategy may include one or more of the following: diversifying your income sources, strategizing your withdrawals, or taking advantage of a Roth conversion strategy. Medicare Medicare acts like health insurance and covers a range of medical services to individuals ages 65 and older. This coverage can significantly reduce out-of-pocket healthcare costs for many American retirees. The disadvantage of this coverage is that it may not cover all of your healthcare needs in retirement, including one of the most likely and costly needs for many retirees: long-term healthcare. Though both programs can assist in your retirement years, it’s important to understand their limitations. As mentioned, the benefits may not cover all of your needs in retirement, plus many changes to the programs mean that the availability and eligibility requirements could change at any time. Common Mistakes to Avoid in Retirement Income Planning Most people have only planned for retirement and then actually retired once in their lives, so it’s inevitable that people will make mistakes in this process. Common missteps include: Underestimating the amount of money needed in retirementNot adequately accounting for additional costs like inflation and healthcareRelying solely on Social Security incomeNot planning adequately for tax liabilities, especially those who’ll end up in a higher tax bracket in retirement Even if you make these mistakes, know that you can always learn and adjust as you go. It may take some creativity, but it’s possible to reposition yourself for a better quality of life in retirement if you didn’t plan as thoroughly as you might have. If you’re focused on future-proofing your finances, there are more resources here to help protect your assets. What Is the 4% Rule for Retirement Income? The 4% rule for retirement income suggests that you withdraw no more than 4% of your portfolio in the first year of retirement, with adjustments for inflation thereafter, to ensure the longevity of your retirement portfolio. What Is the Biggest Financial Risk in Retirement? The biggest financial risk in retirement is outliving your retirement savings. This can happen due to inflation, increased living expenses, or not having enough money saved up to begin with. What Age Should You Get Out of the Stock Market? There’s no recommended age to stop investing in stocks. Most financial professionals suggest retirees rebalance their portfolio from riskier investments, like some stocks, to more stable investments, like bonds or annuities, to avoid loss of principal. The Bottom Line Planning for retirement can present some challenges. These challenges come from unknowns, ranging from life expectancy and inflation to market conditions and even the viability of the Social Security trust fund and tax legislation. The key is to focus on what you can control while remaining creative and adaptable should you need to adjust your retirement plans before or during retirement.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/money-market-reserve-fund-meltdown.asp
Money Market Mayhem: The Reserve Fund Meltdown
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> On Sept. 16, 2008, the Reserve Primary Fund <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breaking-the-buck.asp">broke the buck</a> when its <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nav.asp">net asset value</a> (NAV) fell below $1 per share. It was one of the first times in the history of investing that a retail <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-marketfund.asp">money market fund</a> had failed to maintain a $1 per share NAV. The implications sent shockwaves through the industry. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy helped force the Reserve Primary Fund to break the buck in 2008.</li><li>This marked one of the earliest examples in the history of a retail money market fund trading with a NAV of less than $1.</li><li>The Reserve Primary Fund only held 1.5% of its assets in Lehman commercial paper, yet, investors expressed fears of the fund's other holdings.</li><li>The fund was unable to meet redemption requests and was forced to suspend operations and liquidate.</li><li>The collapse of the fund meant investors began to doubt the safety of money market funds as a safe, liquid place to invest.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-anatomy-of-a-meltdown"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Anatomy of a Meltdown </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The Reserve, a New York-based <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fundmanager.asp">fund manager</a> specializing in money markets, held $64.8 billion in assets in the Reserve Primary Fund. The fund had a $785 million allocation to short-term loans issued by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lehman-brothers.asp">Lehman Brothers</a>. These loans, known as commercial paper, became worthless when Lehman filed for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp">bankruptcy</a>, causing the NAV of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reservefund.asp">Reserve Fund</a> to fall below $1. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Although the Lehman paper represented only a small portion of the Reserve Fund's assets (less than 1.5%), investors were concerned about the value of the fund's other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/holdings.asp">holdings</a>. Fearing for the value of their investments, worried investors pulled their money out of the fund, which saw its asset decline by nearly two-thirds in about 24 hours. Unable to meet redemption requests, the Reserve Fund froze redemptions for up to seven days. When even that wasn't enough, the fund was forced to suspend operations and commence <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidation.asp">liquidation</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> It was a startling ending for a storied fund, and a sobering wake-up call to investors and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/030315/what-financial-services-sector.asp">financial services</a> industry. It focused attention on the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_market.asp">credit markets</a>, where a full-scale credit meltdown was in progress, with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commercialpaper.asp">commercial paper</a> sitting at the epicenter of the debacle. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Commercial paper had become a common component of money market funds as they evolved from holding only <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-bond.asp">government bonds</a>—once a mainstay of money market fund holdings—in an effort to boost <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/y/yield.asp">yields</a>. While government bonds are backed by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/full-faith-credit.asp">full faith and credit</a> of the U.S. government, commercial paper is not. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Despite the lack of government backing, the risks of holding commercial paper have historically been considered low, as the loans are issued for periods of less than one year. While the combination of more attractive yields and relatively low risk enticed many money market funds, the risks caught up with the Reserve Primary Fund. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-aftermath"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Aftermath </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> The Reserve Fund's collapse was bad news for money market fund providers on a variety of fronts. First and foremost was the danger of collapse, as the Reserve Fund wasn't the only money market fund holding commercial paper. More than a dozen <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fund_company.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">fund companies</a> were forced to step in to provide financial support to their money market funds to avoid <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breaking-the-buck.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">breaking the buck</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Even funds that were unaffected by bad commercial paper (remember, Lehman and AIG were the tip of the iceberg) faced the possibility of mass redemption requests from investors who didn't have a thorough enough understanding of their portfolios. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Fearing just such a run on money market funds, the federal government stepped in, issuing what amounted to taxpayer-funded insurance. Under the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tglp.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Temporary Guarantee Program</a> for money market funds, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/ustreasury.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">U.S. Treasury</a> guaranteed investors that the value of each money market fund share held as of the close of business on Sept. 19, 2008, would remain at $1 per share. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Investors in the Reserve Fund were ineligible for the government-sponsored program. The Fund began liquidation with a series of payments, but a year later many <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shareholder.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">shareholders</a> were still waiting for a portion of their remaining assets to be returned. Those assets were further reduced in value when the fund's management team invoked a clause that enabled them to hold assets in order to pay expected legal and accounting fees related to claims resulting from the meltdown. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-it-mattered"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why It Mattered? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> The Reserve Fund had a storied history, having been developed by Bruce Bent, a man often referred to as the father of the money-fund industry. The failure of this fund was a major blow to the financial services industry and a huge shock to investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> For three decades, money market funds had been sold to the public under the premise that they were safe, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp">liquid</a> places to park money. Nearly every <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k) plan</a> in the nation sells money market funds to investors under the premise that they are categorized as cash. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> In the wake of the Reserve Fund's calamity, investors began to doubt the safety of money market funds. If "cash" is no longer safe, the question becomes: "where can investors put their money?" With the stock and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bondmarket.asp">bond markets</a> both in decline and money market funds failing to hold their value, stuffing money into a mattress suddenly became an attractive and relevant choice for conservative investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> The government <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bailout.asp">bailout</a>, while necessary to maintain faith in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-system.asp">financial system</a>, opened up another set of questions about the appropriateness of government support. It also encouraged lawmakers to raise the question of financial regulation and oversight and revisit the rules surrounding money market funds and the investments they hold. The link between greed and capitalism was also put in the spotlight, as the vision of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wallstreet.asp">Wall Street</a> being supported by Main Street in yet another failed investment scheme painted a less-than-pleasant picture. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> The Reserve Fund debacle serves as a stark reminder to investors about the value of understanding the investments in your portfolio. It also highlights the importance of considering both the pros and cons of potential investments. It also raised, among other problems, bigger questions around the credibility of financial institutions as intermediaries in the financial system and the fundamental value of FIAT money printed and governed by governments. Hence the birth of P2P fintech, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies. </p></div>
On Sept. 16, 2008, the Reserve Primary Fund [broke the buck](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breaking-the-buck.asp) when its [net asset value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nav.asp) (NAV) fell below $1 per share. It was one of the first times in the history of investing that a retail [money market fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money-marketfund.asp) had failed to maintain a $1 per share NAV. The implications sent shockwaves through the industry. ### Key Takeaways * The Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy helped force the Reserve Primary Fund to break the buck in 2008. * This marked one of the earliest examples in the history of a retail money market fund trading with a NAV of less than $1. * The Reserve Primary Fund only held 1.5% of its assets in Lehman commercial paper, yet, investors expressed fears of the fund's other holdings. * The fund was unable to meet redemption requests and was forced to suspend operations and liquidate. * The collapse of the fund meant investors began to doubt the safety of money market funds as a safe, liquid place to invest. ## Anatomy of a Meltdown The Reserve, a New York-based [fund manager](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fundmanager.asp) specializing in money markets, held $64.8 billion in assets in the Reserve Primary Fund. The fund had a $785 million allocation to short-term loans issued by [Lehman Brothers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lehman-brothers.asp). These loans, known as commercial paper, became worthless when Lehman filed for [bankruptcy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp), causing the NAV of the [Reserve Fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reservefund.asp) to fall below $1. Although the Lehman paper represented only a small portion of the Reserve Fund's assets (less than 1.5%), investors were concerned about the value of the fund's other [holdings](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/holdings.asp). Fearing for the value of their investments, worried investors pulled their money out of the fund, which saw its asset decline by nearly two-thirds in about 24 hours. Unable to meet redemption requests, the Reserve Fund froze redemptions for up to seven days. When even that wasn't enough, the fund was forced to suspend operations and commence [liquidation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidation.asp). It was a startling ending for a storied fund, and a sobering wake-up call to investors and the [financial services](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/030315/what-financial-services-sector.asp) industry. It focused attention on the [credit markets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_market.asp), where a full-scale credit meltdown was in progress, with [commercial paper](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commercialpaper.asp) sitting at the epicenter of the debacle. Commercial paper had become a common component of money market funds as they evolved from holding only [government bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-bond.asp)—once a mainstay of money market fund holdings—in an effort to boost [yields](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/y/yield.asp). While government bonds are backed by the [full faith and credit](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/full-faith-credit.asp) of the U.S. government, commercial paper is not. Despite the lack of government backing, the risks of holding commercial paper have historically been considered low, as the loans are issued for periods of less than one year. While the combination of more attractive yields and relatively low risk enticed many money market funds, the risks caught up with the Reserve Primary Fund. ## Aftermath The Reserve Fund's collapse was bad news for money market fund providers on a variety of fronts. First and foremost was the danger of collapse, as the Reserve Fund wasn't the only money market fund holding commercial paper. More than a dozen [fund companies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fund_company.asp) were forced to step in to provide financial support to their money market funds to avoid [breaking the buck](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breaking-the-buck.asp). Even funds that were unaffected by bad commercial paper (remember, Lehman and AIG were the tip of the iceberg) faced the possibility of mass redemption requests from investors who didn't have a thorough enough understanding of their portfolios. Fearing just such a run on money market funds, the federal government stepped in, issuing what amounted to taxpayer-funded insurance. Under the [Temporary Guarantee Program](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tglp.asp) for money market funds, the [U.S. Treasury](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/ustreasury.asp) guaranteed investors that the value of each money market fund share held as of the close of business on Sept. 19, 2008, would remain at $1 per share. Investors in the Reserve Fund were ineligible for the government-sponsored program. The Fund began liquidation with a series of payments, but a year later many [shareholders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shareholder.asp) were still waiting for a portion of their remaining assets to be returned. Those assets were further reduced in value when the fund's management team invoked a clause that enabled them to hold assets in order to pay expected legal and accounting fees related to claims resulting from the meltdown. ## Why It Mattered? The Reserve Fund had a storied history, having been developed by Bruce Bent, a man often referred to as the father of the money-fund industry. The failure of this fund was a major blow to the financial services industry and a huge shock to investors. For three decades, money market funds had been sold to the public under the premise that they were safe, [liquid](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp) places to park money. Nearly every [401(k) plan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp) in the nation sells money market funds to investors under the premise that they are categorized as cash. In the wake of the Reserve Fund's calamity, investors began to doubt the safety of money market funds. If "cash" is no longer safe, the question becomes: "where can investors put their money?" With the stock and [bond markets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bondmarket.asp) both in decline and money market funds failing to hold their value, stuffing money into a mattress suddenly became an attractive and relevant choice for conservative investors. The government [bailout](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bailout.asp), while necessary to maintain faith in the [financial system](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-system.asp), opened up another set of questions about the appropriateness of government support. It also encouraged lawmakers to raise the question of financial regulation and oversight and revisit the rules surrounding money market funds and the investments they hold. The link between greed and capitalism was also put in the spotlight, as the vision of [Wall Street](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wallstreet.asp) being supported by Main Street in yet another failed investment scheme painted a less-than-pleasant picture. ## The Bottom Line The Reserve Fund debacle serves as a stark reminder to investors about the value of understanding the investments in your portfolio. It also highlights the importance of considering both the pros and cons of potential investments. It also raised, among other problems, bigger questions around the credibility of financial institutions as intermediaries in the financial system and the fundamental value of FIAT money printed and governed by governments. Hence the birth of P2P fintech, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies.
On Sept. 16, 2008, the Reserve Primary Fund broke the buck when its net asset value (NAV) fell below $1 per share. It was one of the first times in the history of investing that a retail money market fund had failed to maintain a $1 per share NAV. The implications sent shockwaves through the industry. Key Takeaways The Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy helped force the Reserve Primary Fund to break the buck in 2008.This marked one of the earliest examples in the history of a retail money market fund trading with a NAV of less than $1.The Reserve Primary Fund only held 1.5% of its assets in Lehman commercial paper, yet, investors expressed fears of the fund's other holdings.The fund was unable to meet redemption requests and was forced to suspend operations and liquidate.The collapse of the fund meant investors began to doubt the safety of money market funds as a safe, liquid place to invest. Anatomy of a Meltdown The Reserve, a New York-based fund manager specializing in money markets, held $64.8 billion in assets in the Reserve Primary Fund. The fund had a $785 million allocation to short-term loans issued by Lehman Brothers. These loans, known as commercial paper, became worthless when Lehman filed for bankruptcy, causing the NAV of the Reserve Fund to fall below $1. Although the Lehman paper represented only a small portion of the Reserve Fund's assets (less than 1.5%), investors were concerned about the value of the fund's other holdings. Fearing for the value of their investments, worried investors pulled their money out of the fund, which saw its asset decline by nearly two-thirds in about 24 hours. Unable to meet redemption requests, the Reserve Fund froze redemptions for up to seven days. When even that wasn't enough, the fund was forced to suspend operations and commence liquidation. It was a startling ending for a storied fund, and a sobering wake-up call to investors and the financial services industry. It focused attention on the credit markets, where a full-scale credit meltdown was in progress, with commercial paper sitting at the epicenter of the debacle. Commercial paper had become a common component of money market funds as they evolved from holding only government bonds—once a mainstay of money market fund holdings—in an effort to boost yields. While government bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, commercial paper is not. Despite the lack of government backing, the risks of holding commercial paper have historically been considered low, as the loans are issued for periods of less than one year. While the combination of more attractive yields and relatively low risk enticed many money market funds, the risks caught up with the Reserve Primary Fund. Aftermath The Reserve Fund's collapse was bad news for money market fund providers on a variety of fronts. First and foremost was the danger of collapse, as the Reserve Fund wasn't the only money market fund holding commercial paper. More than a dozen fund companies were forced to step in to provide financial support to their money market funds to avoid breaking the buck. Even funds that were unaffected by bad commercial paper (remember, Lehman and AIG were the tip of the iceberg) faced the possibility of mass redemption requests from investors who didn't have a thorough enough understanding of their portfolios. Fearing just such a run on money market funds, the federal government stepped in, issuing what amounted to taxpayer-funded insurance. Under the Temporary Guarantee Program for money market funds, the U.S. Treasury guaranteed investors that the value of each money market fund share held as of the close of business on Sept. 19, 2008, would remain at $1 per share. Investors in the Reserve Fund were ineligible for the government-sponsored program. The Fund began liquidation with a series of payments, but a year later many shareholders were still waiting for a portion of their remaining assets to be returned. Those assets were further reduced in value when the fund's management team invoked a clause that enabled them to hold assets in order to pay expected legal and accounting fees related to claims resulting from the meltdown. Why It Mattered? The Reserve Fund had a storied history, having been developed by Bruce Bent, a man often referred to as the father of the money-fund industry. The failure of this fund was a major blow to the financial services industry and a huge shock to investors. For three decades, money market funds had been sold to the public under the premise that they were safe, liquid places to park money. Nearly every 401(k) plan in the nation sells money market funds to investors under the premise that they are categorized as cash. In the wake of the Reserve Fund's calamity, investors began to doubt the safety of money market funds. If "cash" is no longer safe, the question becomes: "where can investors put their money?" With the stock and bond markets both in decline and money market funds failing to hold their value, stuffing money into a mattress suddenly became an attractive and relevant choice for conservative investors. The government bailout, while necessary to maintain faith in the financial system, opened up another set of questions about the appropriateness of government support. It also encouraged lawmakers to raise the question of financial regulation and oversight and revisit the rules surrounding money market funds and the investments they hold. The link between greed and capitalism was also put in the spotlight, as the vision of Wall Street being supported by Main Street in yet another failed investment scheme painted a less-than-pleasant picture. The Bottom Line The Reserve Fund debacle serves as a stark reminder to investors about the value of understanding the investments in your portfolio. It also highlights the importance of considering both the pros and cons of potential investments. It also raised, among other problems, bigger questions around the credibility of financial institutions as intermediaries in the financial system and the fundamental value of FIAT money printed and governed by governments. Hence the birth of P2P fintech, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross.asp
Cross: What it is, How it Works, and Types
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-cross"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Cross? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The term "cross" has three primary definitions in finance: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <li>The first type of cross is when a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">broker</a> receives a buy and sell order for the same stock at the same price, and subsequently makes a simultaneous trade between two separate customers at that price. Variations of this are the market opening and market closing crosses.</li> <li>The second type of cross is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-exchange.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">foreign exchange</a> (forex) transaction in which the non-U.S. currencies being traded are exchanged directly for each other instead of first being converted to U.S. dollars.</li> <li>A cross may also refer to a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/technicalanalysis.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">technical analysis</a> chart pattern, such as a golden cross or death cross.</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The term "cross" is used in several ways in finance, the most common being when a broker executes a transaction on a trading floor or exchange.</li><li>In forex markets, a cross trade involves two non-U.S. dollar currency exchange transactions.</li><li>In technical analysis, golden crosses and death crosses are commonly identified chart patterns indicating a trend confirmation.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-a-cross-order"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding a Cross Order </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> If a stockbroker receives separate orders to buy and sell at the same price at the same time, they must offer the stock in the market at a higher price than the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bid.asp">bid</a>. If no higher bid is available, they can execute the two deals at the same time and at the same price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> It's important to note that this process typically occurs in regulated markets where transparency and fairness are paramount. The broker must adhere to market rules and regulations to ensure that the execution of cross orders maintains market integrity and does not disadvantage any participants. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Opening and Closing Crosses </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nasdaq.asp">Nasdaq</a> gathers and posts data on all buy and sell interest in the two minutes prior to its opening; this information is referred to as the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opening-cross.asp">opening cross</a>. Traders can post orders to buy at the opening price or to buy if there is an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/imbalanceoforders.asp">order imbalance</a>. This dissemination of pricing interest helps to limit disruptions in liquidity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> The closing cross on Nasdaq matches bids and offers in a given stock to create a final price of the day. Traders can place orders that can be either "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketonclose.asp">market at close</a>," which means buy or sell at the official <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closingprice.asp">closing price</a> or "limit at close." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> In the latter case, if the price at the close is better than the specified limit, the deal will be executed at the market price. Nasdaq collects data for the closing cross between 3:50 p.m. and the closing time of 4:00 p.m.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-currencyforex-crosses"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Currency/ForEx Crosses </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The U.S. dollar (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usd.asp">USD</a>) is the most actively traded currency in the multi-trillion-dollar daily <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/f/foreign-exchange-markets.asp">foreign exchange market</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> In the past, investors or hedgers who wanted to trade a pair such as the euro vs. the yen, known as EUR/JPY, needed to do it through the dollar. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> This meant that buying <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/euro.asp">EUR</a> and selling <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/j/jpy-japanese-yen.asp">JPY</a> required the following two steps: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <li>Buy EUR and sell USD and</li><li>Buy the same amount of USD and sell JPY. Disadvantages of this approach include paying the bid/offer spread twice (once in each currency pair) and needing to deal for a USD amount rather than a EUR or JPY amount.</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> However, the dollar pairs are more actively traded than the cross, so in times of volatility or reduced liquidity, traders may still execute via the components. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> The most actively traded currency crosses are the euro vs. the yen, British pound (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gbp.asp">GBP</a>), and Swiss franc (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chf.asp">CHF</a>). Cross trades can be done for any <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spottrade.asp">spot</a>, forward, or option transactions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-limitations-of-crosses-in-forex"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Limitations of Crosses In ForEx </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Due to their narrower focus and lesser popularity compared to major currency pairs, many forex crosses have limited historical data available for analysis. This limited data can prevent your ability to conduct thorough technical analysis. This is especially true if you're trying to make a long-term strategy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Secondly, forex crosses often exhibit lower <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp">liquidity</a> compared to major currency pairs. This lower liquidity can result in wider bid-ask spreads and increased slippage. This makes it more tough for you to execute trades at your desired prices. This is especially true when there's heightened market volatility. Lower liquidity can also lead to increased price volatility and greater uncertainty in price movements, further complicating technical analysis and trade execution. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Country-specific factors that influence forex crosses can add complexity to technical analysis. Each currency in a forex cross is influenced by its own unique economic, political, and social factors, which may not always align with broader global trends or correlations. In short, the United States currency may have more stability compared to the currency of other countries, so the forex cross and exchange rate may have greater consistency. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Some forex crosses can exhibit higher volatility and lower liquidity compared to major currency pairs.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-golden-crosses-death-crosses-and-technical-analysis"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Golden Crosses, Death Crosses, and Technical Analysis </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> Technical analysis involves the use of statistical analysis to make trading decisions. Technical analysts use a ton of data, often in the form of charts, to analyze stocks and markets. Technical traders learn to recognize these common patterns and what they might portend for the future performance of a stock or market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goldencross.asp">golden cross</a> and a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deathcross.asp">death cross</a> are exact opposites. A golden cross indicates a long-term bull market going forward, while a death cross signals a long-term bear market. Both refer to the solid confirmation of a long-term trend by the occurrence of a short-term <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp">moving average</a> crossing over a major long-term moving average. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> Either cross may occur as a signal of a trend change, but they more frequently occur as a strong confirmation of a change in trend that has already taken place. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:57.2%;"> <img alt="death cross" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vxGwNz4B_ZSdv7rRBp-1boysOnc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2018-12-14-DeathCross-5c13eaf0c9e77c00013499e4.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vxGwNz4B_ZSdv7rRBp-1boysOnc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2018-12-14-DeathCross-5c13eaf0c9e77c00013499e4.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t5xLgfzMFLZGr2I2Q-_FHXxpnCI=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2018-12-14-DeathCross-5c13eaf0c9e77c00013499e4.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="901" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1575"/> <noscript> <img alt="death cross" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="901" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vxGwNz4B_ZSdv7rRBp-1boysOnc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2018-12-14-DeathCross-5c13eaf0c9e77c00013499e4.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/t5xLgfzMFLZGr2I2Q-_FHXxpnCI=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2018-12-14-DeathCross-5c13eaf0c9e77c00013499e4.png 750w" width="1575"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">death cross.</span> </figcaption></figure> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-limitations-of-technical-analysis-crosses"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Limitations of Technical Analysis Crosses </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> One notable limitation of death crosses and golden crosses is their nature as lagging indicators. These crosses rely on past price data to generate signals. By the time a golden or death cross is confirmed, a significant portion of the price move may have already occurred. Consequently, traders may find themselves entering trades after the bulk of the price movement has transpired. This just reduces the overall effectiveness of the cross signal. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> Golden and death crosses can produce false signals. In such market conditions, crosses may occur frequently without significant price movements following them. This phenomenon can lead to whipsaw trades, where traders enter positions based on crosses only to see the market reverse shortly thereafter. Traders may need to wait for ultimate confirmation which, by that time, may be too late to capitalize on worthwhile gains. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> Another critical consideration is that golden and death crosses do not consider other factors influencing market behavior, such as market sentiment, fundamental analysis, or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/politicalrisk.asp">geopolitical events</a>. While crosses provide valuable insights into price trends, traders should supplement their analysis with real-world events. Though the idea is that all of this information is "priced in", there may be factors worth thinking about not captured in the cross.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-meaning-of-crossing-shares"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Meaning of Crossing Shares?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Crossing shares is when one broker pairs off a buy and sell order from two separate customers of the same stock at the same price. Before crossing the trade, the broker must offer the stock for a higher price than the bid price in the market. If the higher price is not accepted, then the broker can execute the orders.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-cross-trading-illegal"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Is Cross Trading Illegal?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A cross trade occurs when a buy and sell order for the same stock is offset from one another and not recorded on the exchange. This type of trade is not allowed on most of the large exchanges. A concern of cross-trading is that it may be used to "paint the tape," whereby market players manipulate the price of a stock on purpose by buying and selling it amongst themselves.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-closing-cross"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Closing Cross?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A closing cross is a type of trade on the Nasdaq that determines the closing price of securities on the exchange. Nasdaq developed the closing cross to ensure that every security has a uniform closing price at the end of the day. Nasdaq stipulates that after 3:55 p.m., close orders may not be entered or altered, except for actual errors. The closing cross occurs at 4:00 p.m.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> In finance, "cross" refers to three main concepts. First, it involves a broker executing simultaneous buy and sell orders for the same stock at the same price between different clients. Second, it denotes foreign exchange transactions Last, it encompasses technical analysis chart patterns like golden crosses or death crosses.<br> </br></p></div>
## What Is a Cross? The term "cross" has three primary definitions in finance: 1. The first type of cross is when a [broker](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp) receives a buy and sell order for the same stock at the same price, and subsequently makes a simultaneous trade between two separate customers at that price. Variations of this are the market opening and market closing crosses. 2. The second type of cross is a [foreign exchange](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreign-exchange.asp) (forex) transaction in which the non-U.S. currencies being traded are exchanged directly for each other instead of first being converted to U.S. dollars. 3. A cross may also refer to a [technical analysis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/technicalanalysis.asp) chart pattern, such as a golden cross or death cross. ### Key Takeaways * The term "cross" is used in several ways in finance, the most common being when a broker executes a transaction on a trading floor or exchange. * In forex markets, a cross trade involves two non-U.S. dollar currency exchange transactions. * In technical analysis, golden crosses and death crosses are commonly identified chart patterns indicating a trend confirmation. ## Understanding a Cross Order If a stockbroker receives separate orders to buy and sell at the same price at the same time, they must offer the stock in the market at a higher price than the [bid](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bid.asp). If no higher bid is available, they can execute the two deals at the same time and at the same price. It's important to note that this process typically occurs in regulated markets where transparency and fairness are paramount. The broker must adhere to market rules and regulations to ensure that the execution of cross orders maintains market integrity and does not disadvantage any participants. ### Opening and Closing Crosses The [Nasdaq](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nasdaq.asp) gathers and posts data on all buy and sell interest in the two minutes prior to its opening; this information is referred to as the [opening cross](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opening-cross.asp). Traders can post orders to buy at the opening price or to buy if there is an [order imbalance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/imbalanceoforders.asp). This dissemination of pricing interest helps to limit disruptions in liquidity. The closing cross on Nasdaq matches bids and offers in a given stock to create a final price of the day. Traders can place orders that can be either "[market at close](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketonclose.asp)," which means buy or sell at the official [closing price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closingprice.asp) or "limit at close." In the latter case, if the price at the close is better than the specified limit, the deal will be executed at the market price. Nasdaq collects data for the closing cross between 3:50 p.m. and the closing time of 4:00 p.m. ## Currency/ForEx Crosses The U.S. dollar ([USD](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usd.asp)) is the most actively traded currency in the multi-trillion-dollar daily [foreign exchange market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/f/foreign-exchange-markets.asp). In the past, investors or hedgers who wanted to trade a pair such as the euro vs. the yen, known as EUR/JPY, needed to do it through the dollar. This meant that buying [EUR](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/euro.asp) and selling [JPY](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/j/jpy-japanese-yen.asp) required the following two steps: 1. Buy EUR and sell USD and 2. Buy the same amount of USD and sell JPY. Disadvantages of this approach include paying the bid/offer spread twice (once in each currency pair) and needing to deal for a USD amount rather than a EUR or JPY amount. However, the dollar pairs are more actively traded than the cross, so in times of volatility or reduced liquidity, traders may still execute via the components. The most actively traded currency crosses are the euro vs. the yen, British pound ([GBP](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gbp.asp)), and Swiss franc ([CHF](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/chf.asp)). Cross trades can be done for any [spot](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spottrade.asp), forward, or option transactions. ## Limitations of Crosses In ForEx Due to their narrower focus and lesser popularity compared to major currency pairs, many forex crosses have limited historical data available for analysis. This limited data can prevent your ability to conduct thorough technical analysis. This is especially true if you're trying to make a long-term strategy. Secondly, forex crosses often exhibit lower [liquidity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp) compared to major currency pairs. This lower liquidity can result in wider bid-ask spreads and increased slippage. This makes it more tough for you to execute trades at your desired prices. This is especially true when there's heightened market volatility. Lower liquidity can also lead to increased price volatility and greater uncertainty in price movements, further complicating technical analysis and trade execution. Country-specific factors that influence forex crosses can add complexity to technical analysis. Each currency in a forex cross is influenced by its own unique economic, political, and social factors, which may not always align with broader global trends or correlations. In short, the United States currency may have more stability compared to the currency of other countries, so the forex cross and exchange rate may have greater consistency. ### Some forex crosses can exhibit higher volatility and lower liquidity compared to major currency pairs. ## Golden Crosses, Death Crosses, and Technical Analysis Technical analysis involves the use of statistical analysis to make trading decisions. Technical analysts use a ton of data, often in the form of charts, to analyze stocks and markets. Technical traders learn to recognize these common patterns and what they might portend for the future performance of a stock or market. A [golden cross](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goldencross.asp) and a [death cross](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deathcross.asp) are exact opposites. A golden cross indicates a long-term bull market going forward, while a death cross signals a long-term bear market. Both refer to the solid confirmation of a long-term trend by the occurrence of a short-term [moving average](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp) crossing over a major long-term moving average. Either cross may occur as a signal of a trend change, but they more frequently occur as a strong confirmation of a change in trend that has already taken place. ![death cross]() ![death cross](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vxGwNz4B_ZSdv7rRBp-1boysOnc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2018-12-14-DeathCross-5c13eaf0c9e77c00013499e4.png) death cross. ## Limitations of Technical Analysis Crosses One notable limitation of death crosses and golden crosses is their nature as lagging indicators. These crosses rely on past price data to generate signals. By the time a golden or death cross is confirmed, a significant portion of the price move may have already occurred. Consequently, traders may find themselves entering trades after the bulk of the price movement has transpired. This just reduces the overall effectiveness of the cross signal. Golden and death crosses can produce false signals. In such market conditions, crosses may occur frequently without significant price movements following them. This phenomenon can lead to whipsaw trades, where traders enter positions based on crosses only to see the market reverse shortly thereafter. Traders may need to wait for ultimate confirmation which, by that time, may be too late to capitalize on worthwhile gains. Another critical consideration is that golden and death crosses do not consider other factors influencing market behavior, such as market sentiment, fundamental analysis, or [geopolitical events](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/politicalrisk.asp). While crosses provide valuable insights into price trends, traders should supplement their analysis with real-world events. Though the idea is that all of this information is "priced in", there may be factors worth thinking about not captured in the cross. ## What Is the Meaning of Crossing Shares? Crossing shares is when one broker pairs off a buy and sell order from two separate customers of the same stock at the same price. Before crossing the trade, the broker must offer the stock for a higher price than the bid price in the market. If the higher price is not accepted, then the broker can execute the orders. ## Is Cross Trading Illegal? A cross trade occurs when a buy and sell order for the same stock is offset from one another and not recorded on the exchange. This type of trade is not allowed on most of the large exchanges. A concern of cross-trading is that it may be used to "paint the tape," whereby market players manipulate the price of a stock on purpose by buying and selling it amongst themselves. ## What Is a Closing Cross? A closing cross is a type of trade on the Nasdaq that determines the closing price of securities on the exchange. Nasdaq developed the closing cross to ensure that every security has a uniform closing price at the end of the day. Nasdaq stipulates that after 3:55 p.m., close orders may not be entered or altered, except for actual errors. The closing cross occurs at 4:00 p.m. ## The Bottom Line In finance, "cross" refers to three main concepts. First, it involves a broker executing simultaneous buy and sell orders for the same stock at the same price between different clients. Second, it denotes foreign exchange transactions Last, it encompasses technical analysis chart patterns like golden crosses or death crosses.
What Is a Cross? The term "cross" has three primary definitions in finance: The first type of cross is when a broker receives a buy and sell order for the same stock at the same price, and subsequently makes a simultaneous trade between two separate customers at that price. Variations of this are the market opening and market closing crosses. The second type of cross is a foreign exchange (forex) transaction in which the non-U.S. currencies being traded are exchanged directly for each other instead of first being converted to U.S. dollars. A cross may also refer to a technical analysis chart pattern, such as a golden cross or death cross. Key Takeaways The term "cross" is used in several ways in finance, the most common being when a broker executes a transaction on a trading floor or exchange.In forex markets, a cross trade involves two non-U.S. dollar currency exchange transactions.In technical analysis, golden crosses and death crosses are commonly identified chart patterns indicating a trend confirmation. Understanding a Cross Order If a stockbroker receives separate orders to buy and sell at the same price at the same time, they must offer the stock in the market at a higher price than the bid. If no higher bid is available, they can execute the two deals at the same time and at the same price. It's important to note that this process typically occurs in regulated markets where transparency and fairness are paramount. The broker must adhere to market rules and regulations to ensure that the execution of cross orders maintains market integrity and does not disadvantage any participants. Opening and Closing Crosses The Nasdaq gathers and posts data on all buy and sell interest in the two minutes prior to its opening; this information is referred to as the opening cross. Traders can post orders to buy at the opening price or to buy if there is an order imbalance. This dissemination of pricing interest helps to limit disruptions in liquidity. The closing cross on Nasdaq matches bids and offers in a given stock to create a final price of the day. Traders can place orders that can be either "market at close," which means buy or sell at the official closing price or "limit at close." In the latter case, if the price at the close is better than the specified limit, the deal will be executed at the market price. Nasdaq collects data for the closing cross between 3:50 p.m. and the closing time of 4:00 p.m. Currency/ForEx Crosses The U.S. dollar (USD) is the most actively traded currency in the multi-trillion-dollar daily foreign exchange market. In the past, investors or hedgers who wanted to trade a pair such as the euro vs. the yen, known as EUR/JPY, needed to do it through the dollar. This meant that buying EUR and selling JPY required the following two steps: Buy EUR and sell USD andBuy the same amount of USD and sell JPY. Disadvantages of this approach include paying the bid/offer spread twice (once in each currency pair) and needing to deal for a USD amount rather than a EUR or JPY amount. However, the dollar pairs are more actively traded than the cross, so in times of volatility or reduced liquidity, traders may still execute via the components. The most actively traded currency crosses are the euro vs. the yen, British pound (GBP), and Swiss franc (CHF). Cross trades can be done for any spot, forward, or option transactions. Limitations of Crosses In ForEx Due to their narrower focus and lesser popularity compared to major currency pairs, many forex crosses have limited historical data available for analysis. This limited data can prevent your ability to conduct thorough technical analysis. This is especially true if you're trying to make a long-term strategy. Secondly, forex crosses often exhibit lower liquidity compared to major currency pairs. This lower liquidity can result in wider bid-ask spreads and increased slippage. This makes it more tough for you to execute trades at your desired prices. This is especially true when there's heightened market volatility. Lower liquidity can also lead to increased price volatility and greater uncertainty in price movements, further complicating technical analysis and trade execution. Country-specific factors that influence forex crosses can add complexity to technical analysis. Each currency in a forex cross is influenced by its own unique economic, political, and social factors, which may not always align with broader global trends or correlations. In short, the United States currency may have more stability compared to the currency of other countries, so the forex cross and exchange rate may have greater consistency. Some forex crosses can exhibit higher volatility and lower liquidity compared to major currency pairs. Golden Crosses, Death Crosses, and Technical Analysis Technical analysis involves the use of statistical analysis to make trading decisions. Technical analysts use a ton of data, often in the form of charts, to analyze stocks and markets. Technical traders learn to recognize these common patterns and what they might portend for the future performance of a stock or market. A golden cross and a death cross are exact opposites. A golden cross indicates a long-term bull market going forward, while a death cross signals a long-term bear market. Both refer to the solid confirmation of a long-term trend by the occurrence of a short-term moving average crossing over a major long-term moving average. Either cross may occur as a signal of a trend change, but they more frequently occur as a strong confirmation of a change in trend that has already taken place. death cross. Limitations of Technical Analysis Crosses One notable limitation of death crosses and golden crosses is their nature as lagging indicators. These crosses rely on past price data to generate signals. By the time a golden or death cross is confirmed, a significant portion of the price move may have already occurred. Consequently, traders may find themselves entering trades after the bulk of the price movement has transpired. This just reduces the overall effectiveness of the cross signal. Golden and death crosses can produce false signals. In such market conditions, crosses may occur frequently without significant price movements following them. This phenomenon can lead to whipsaw trades, where traders enter positions based on crosses only to see the market reverse shortly thereafter. Traders may need to wait for ultimate confirmation which, by that time, may be too late to capitalize on worthwhile gains. Another critical consideration is that golden and death crosses do not consider other factors influencing market behavior, such as market sentiment, fundamental analysis, or geopolitical events. While crosses provide valuable insights into price trends, traders should supplement their analysis with real-world events. Though the idea is that all of this information is "priced in", there may be factors worth thinking about not captured in the cross. What Is the Meaning of Crossing Shares? Crossing shares is when one broker pairs off a buy and sell order from two separate customers of the same stock at the same price. Before crossing the trade, the broker must offer the stock for a higher price than the bid price in the market. If the higher price is not accepted, then the broker can execute the orders. Is Cross Trading Illegal? A cross trade occurs when a buy and sell order for the same stock is offset from one another and not recorded on the exchange. This type of trade is not allowed on most of the large exchanges. A concern of cross-trading is that it may be used to "paint the tape," whereby market players manipulate the price of a stock on purpose by buying and selling it amongst themselves. What Is a Closing Cross? A closing cross is a type of trade on the Nasdaq that determines the closing price of securities on the exchange. Nasdaq developed the closing cross to ensure that every security has a uniform closing price at the end of the day. Nasdaq stipulates that after 3:55 p.m., close orders may not be entered or altered, except for actual errors. The closing cross occurs at 4:00 p.m. The Bottom Line In finance, "cross" refers to three main concepts. First, it involves a broker executing simultaneous buy and sell orders for the same stock at the same price between different clients. Second, it denotes foreign exchange transactions Last, it encompasses technical analysis chart patterns like golden crosses or death crosses.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hoarding.asp
Hoarding: Definition, How It Works with Commodities, and Examples
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-hoarding"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Hoarding? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Hoarding is the purchase and warehousing of large quantities of a commodity by a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculator.asp">speculator</a> with the intent of benefiting from future price increases. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> The term hoarding is most frequently applied to buying <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp">commodities</a>, especially gold. However, hoarding is sometimes used in other economic contexts. For example, political leaders might complain that speculators are hoarding dollars during a currency crisis. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Hoarding is the purchase of large quantities of a commodity by a speculator with the intent of benefiting from future price increases.</li><li>It is possible for hoarding to create a cycle of speculation, self-fulfilling prophecies, and inflation.</li><li>Laws are often passed against certain types of hoarding to prevent tragedies and reduce economic instability.</li><li>In the long run, investing in stocks has outperformed hoarding commodities.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-hoarding"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Hoarding </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Hoarding is commonly criticized for creating shortages of goods in the real economy. It is possible for hoarding to create a cycle of speculation, self-fulfilling prophecies, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp">inflation</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> If several wealthy individuals start hoarding wheat, the price will begin to increase. Middle-class merchants will notice, and then they might hold back wheat supplies in anticipation of future price increases. That is enough to raise prices again. Panicked buying may create real shortages of wheat in some locations. The poorest in some countries could even be at risk of starvation if the cycle continues beyond that point. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Hoarding is sometimes blamed for shortages that are actually caused by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/price-controls.asp">price controls</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedexchangerate.asp">fixed exchange rates</a>, and other government policies. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-illegal-hoarding"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Illegal Hoarding </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Laws are often passed against certain types of hoarding to prevent tragedies and reduce economic instability. If a speculator intends to corner or otherwise monopolize a commodity, then it may be considered an illegal act. Unfortunately for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp">traders</a> and regulators, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish hoarding from unlawful attempts to manipulate the market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Owning more than $100 worth of gold bullion, coins, or certificates became a criminal act called hoarding in 1933.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Holding gold bullion became legal again in the U.S. in 1974.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-hoarding-vs-investing"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Hoarding vs. Investing </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Hoarding is often considered harmful because it prevents commodities from being used in the rest of the economy. Investing can help firms to produce more commodities and other products. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Legendary investor Warren Buffett said of gold: "(It) gets dug out of the ground in Africa or someplace. Then we melt it down, dig another hole, bury it again, and pay people to stand around guarding it. It has no utility. Anyone watching from Mars would be scratching their head." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> In the long run, investing in stocks has outperformed hoarding commodities. That said, there were years and decades when commodities had higher returns than stocks. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-hoarding-in-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Hoarding in Markets </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Silver Hoarding </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> One of the most famous cases of hoarding occurred in the silver market in the 1970s and 80s when the Hunt brothers tried to hoard silver to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corneramarket.asp">corner the market</a>. Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt correctly predicted rising inflation, but they used excessive leverage and were ill-prepared when prices collapsed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> During the 1970s, the Hunt brothers purchased most of the physical silver inventory available on the market and later moved into <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp">futures contracts</a>. Silver was less than two dollars per ounce when they started in the 70s. By early 1980, the brothers managed to drive the price of silver to almost $50 per ounce. At that point, the Hunts were no longer able to borrow the money they needed to keep buying silver and pushing up the price. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> The Hunt brothers eventually had to start selling, and the ensuing panic caused the silver price to collapse. In 1988, Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt declared bankruptcy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Copper Hoarding </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Yasuo Hamanaka, a commodities trader at Sumitomo Corporation, became known as <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/08/mr-copper-commodities.asp">Mr. Copper</a> after he attempted to manipulate the copper price through hoarding. He spent seven years in jail after more than ten years of unauthorized copper deals in the 1990s that led to more than $2.6 billion in losses.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> At one point, he hoarded as much as 5% of the world's total copper supply. Traders started calling him "Mr. Copper" or the "Copper King."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> HODL'ing </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hodl.asp">HODL</a> is a term derived from a misspelling of "hold" that refers to buy-and-hold strategies in the context of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitcoin.asp">bitcoin</a> and other cryptocurrencies. It describes the hoarding behavior of cryptocurrency holders to accumulate and not sell or use in exchange. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> Because digital currencies like bitcoin are scarce and have a limited rate of new unit formation, hoarding strategies increase the relative scarcity and can drive up the price. </p></div>
## What Is Hoarding? Hoarding is the purchase and warehousing of large quantities of a commodity by a [speculator](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculator.asp) with the intent of benefiting from future price increases. The term hoarding is most frequently applied to buying [commodities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp), especially gold. However, hoarding is sometimes used in other economic contexts. For example, political leaders might complain that speculators are hoarding dollars during a currency crisis. ### Key Takeaways * Hoarding is the purchase of large quantities of a commodity by a speculator with the intent of benefiting from future price increases. * It is possible for hoarding to create a cycle of speculation, self-fulfilling prophecies, and inflation. * Laws are often passed against certain types of hoarding to prevent tragedies and reduce economic instability. * In the long run, investing in stocks has outperformed hoarding commodities. ## Understanding Hoarding Hoarding is commonly criticized for creating shortages of goods in the real economy. It is possible for hoarding to create a cycle of speculation, self-fulfilling prophecies, and [inflation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp). If several wealthy individuals start hoarding wheat, the price will begin to increase. Middle-class merchants will notice, and then they might hold back wheat supplies in anticipation of future price increases. That is enough to raise prices again. Panicked buying may create real shortages of wheat in some locations. The poorest in some countries could even be at risk of starvation if the cycle continues beyond that point. Hoarding is sometimes blamed for shortages that are actually caused by [price controls](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/price-controls.asp), [fixed exchange rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedexchangerate.asp), and other government policies. ## Illegal Hoarding Laws are often passed against certain types of hoarding to prevent tragedies and reduce economic instability. If a speculator intends to corner or otherwise monopolize a commodity, then it may be considered an illegal act. Unfortunately for [traders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp) and regulators, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish hoarding from unlawful attempts to manipulate the market. Owning more than $100 worth of gold bullion, coins, or certificates became a criminal act called hoarding in 1933. Holding gold bullion became legal again in the U.S. in 1974. ## Hoarding vs. Investing Hoarding is often considered harmful because it prevents commodities from being used in the rest of the economy. Investing can help firms to produce more commodities and other products. Legendary investor Warren Buffett said of gold: "(It) gets dug out of the ground in Africa or someplace. Then we melt it down, dig another hole, bury it again, and pay people to stand around guarding it. It has no utility. Anyone watching from Mars would be scratching their head." In the long run, investing in stocks has outperformed hoarding commodities. That said, there were years and decades when commodities had higher returns than stocks. ## Examples of Hoarding in Markets ### Silver Hoarding One of the most famous cases of hoarding occurred in the silver market in the 1970s and 80s when the Hunt brothers tried to hoard silver to [corner the market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corneramarket.asp). Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt correctly predicted rising inflation, but they used excessive leverage and were ill-prepared when prices collapsed. During the 1970s, the Hunt brothers purchased most of the physical silver inventory available on the market and later moved into [futures contracts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp). Silver was less than two dollars per ounce when they started in the 70s. By early 1980, the brothers managed to drive the price of silver to almost $50 per ounce. At that point, the Hunts were no longer able to borrow the money they needed to keep buying silver and pushing up the price. The Hunt brothers eventually had to start selling, and the ensuing panic caused the silver price to collapse. In 1988, Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt declared bankruptcy. ### Copper Hoarding Yasuo Hamanaka, a commodities trader at Sumitomo Corporation, became known as [Mr. Copper](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/08/mr-copper-commodities.asp) after he attempted to manipulate the copper price through hoarding. He spent seven years in jail after more than ten years of unauthorized copper deals in the 1990s that led to more than $2.6 billion in losses. At one point, he hoarded as much as 5% of the world's total copper supply. Traders started calling him "Mr. Copper" or the "Copper King." ### HODL'ing [HODL](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hodl.asp) is a term derived from a misspelling of "hold" that refers to buy-and-hold strategies in the context of [bitcoin](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitcoin.asp) and other cryptocurrencies. It describes the hoarding behavior of cryptocurrency holders to accumulate and not sell or use in exchange. Because digital currencies like bitcoin are scarce and have a limited rate of new unit formation, hoarding strategies increase the relative scarcity and can drive up the price.
What Is Hoarding? Hoarding is the purchase and warehousing of large quantities of a commodity by a speculator with the intent of benefiting from future price increases. The term hoarding is most frequently applied to buying commodities, especially gold. However, hoarding is sometimes used in other economic contexts. For example, political leaders might complain that speculators are hoarding dollars during a currency crisis. Key Takeaways Hoarding is the purchase of large quantities of a commodity by a speculator with the intent of benefiting from future price increases.It is possible for hoarding to create a cycle of speculation, self-fulfilling prophecies, and inflation.Laws are often passed against certain types of hoarding to prevent tragedies and reduce economic instability.In the long run, investing in stocks has outperformed hoarding commodities. Understanding Hoarding Hoarding is commonly criticized for creating shortages of goods in the real economy. It is possible for hoarding to create a cycle of speculation, self-fulfilling prophecies, and inflation. If several wealthy individuals start hoarding wheat, the price will begin to increase. Middle-class merchants will notice, and then they might hold back wheat supplies in anticipation of future price increases. That is enough to raise prices again. Panicked buying may create real shortages of wheat in some locations. The poorest in some countries could even be at risk of starvation if the cycle continues beyond that point. Hoarding is sometimes blamed for shortages that are actually caused by price controls, fixed exchange rates, and other government policies. Illegal Hoarding Laws are often passed against certain types of hoarding to prevent tragedies and reduce economic instability. If a speculator intends to corner or otherwise monopolize a commodity, then it may be considered an illegal act. Unfortunately for traders and regulators, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish hoarding from unlawful attempts to manipulate the market. Owning more than $100 worth of gold bullion, coins, or certificates became a criminal act called hoarding in 1933. Holding gold bullion became legal again in the U.S. in 1974. Hoarding vs. Investing Hoarding is often considered harmful because it prevents commodities from being used in the rest of the economy. Investing can help firms to produce more commodities and other products. Legendary investor Warren Buffett said of gold: "(It) gets dug out of the ground in Africa or someplace. Then we melt it down, dig another hole, bury it again, and pay people to stand around guarding it. It has no utility. Anyone watching from Mars would be scratching their head." In the long run, investing in stocks has outperformed hoarding commodities. That said, there were years and decades when commodities had higher returns than stocks. Examples of Hoarding in Markets Silver Hoarding One of the most famous cases of hoarding occurred in the silver market in the 1970s and 80s when the Hunt brothers tried to hoard silver to corner the market. Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt correctly predicted rising inflation, but they used excessive leverage and were ill-prepared when prices collapsed. During the 1970s, the Hunt brothers purchased most of the physical silver inventory available on the market and later moved into futures contracts. Silver was less than two dollars per ounce when they started in the 70s. By early 1980, the brothers managed to drive the price of silver to almost $50 per ounce. At that point, the Hunts were no longer able to borrow the money they needed to keep buying silver and pushing up the price. The Hunt brothers eventually had to start selling, and the ensuing panic caused the silver price to collapse. In 1988, Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt declared bankruptcy. Copper Hoarding Yasuo Hamanaka, a commodities trader at Sumitomo Corporation, became known as Mr. Copper after he attempted to manipulate the copper price through hoarding. He spent seven years in jail after more than ten years of unauthorized copper deals in the 1990s that led to more than $2.6 billion in losses. At one point, he hoarded as much as 5% of the world's total copper supply. Traders started calling him "Mr. Copper" or the "Copper King." HODL'ing HODL is a term derived from a misspelling of "hold" that refers to buy-and-hold strategies in the context of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. It describes the hoarding behavior of cryptocurrency holders to accumulate and not sell or use in exchange. Because digital currencies like bitcoin are scarce and have a limited rate of new unit formation, hoarding strategies increase the relative scarcity and can drive up the price.
[ [ "speculator", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculator.asp" ], [ "commodities", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp" ], [ "inflation", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp" ], [ "price controls", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/price-controls.asp" ], [ "fixed exchange rates", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedexchangerate.asp" ], [ "traders", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trader.asp" ], [ "corner the market", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corneramarket.asp" ], [ "futures contracts", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurescontract.asp" ], [ "Mr. Copper", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/08/mr-copper-commodities.asp" ], [ "HODL", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hodl.asp" ], [ "bitcoin", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitcoin.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/here-are-the-economic-items-that-could-be-discussed-at-the-biden-xi-meeting-wednesday-8401316
Here Are the Economic Items That Could Be Discussed at the Biden, Xi Meeting On Wednesday
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>President Joe Biden and Chinese Premier Xi Jinping will meet at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on Wednesday, their first meeting in more than a year.</li><li>While wars and rising tensions around the globe are thought to be the main discussion points for the two leaders, there are some economic topics that could be broached.</li><li>China will seek to win back investors that have left the country amid its regulatory crackdowns, economic slowdown, and geopolitical risks, as Xi will meet with several top U.S. CEOs. </li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> A long-anticipated meeting between the leaders of the U.S. and China is scheduled for this week, where the world’s two leading economies are expected to look for common ground on issues after not meeting for more than a year.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> President Joe Biden will travel to San Francisco this week to attend the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asiapacific-economic-cooperation-apec.asp">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a>, where on Wednesday he is expected to meet with his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in what would be the first conversation between the two leaders in a year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> They last spoke at the Group of 20 summit in Bali, Indonesia in November 2022. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> “President Biden will highlight the strength and resilience of the U.S. economy, our longstanding economic ties with the Asia-Pacific, the surge of job-creating investments from APEC economies into the United States in recent years, and the role of the U.S. economy in driving growth and innovation in the Asia-Pacific and globally,” White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said in a statement.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> APEC is a 21-member nation forum to promote trade, investment and economic development between countries around the Pacific Ocean, with member countries including <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/invest_china.asp">China</a>, Russia, Japan, the U.S. and Australia. Seven of the U.S. top-10 trading partners are members of APEC, which accounts for nearly 40% of the global population and almost half of the world’s trade.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The meeting is expected to focus on opening lines of communication between the two countries, with discussions expected to include military issues, global conflicts, artificial intelligence (AI), fentanyl, and Americans who are detained in China.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> However, a few key economic items could come up.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> China’s goal will be to win back investors who have left the country amid its regulatory crackdowns, economic slowdown, and geopolitical risks. China may also address U.S. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/nvidia-could-be-impacted-by-expanded-us-export-controls-on-ai-chips-to-china-8358382">restrictions on chip sales to that nation</a> as well as tariffs and sanctions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> The meeting could also help open more of China’s market to U.S. aircraft maker Boeing (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BA">BA</a>), as the Chinese government is reportedly considering making a commitment to the 737 Max jetliner, ending a commercial freeze on the vehicle following two crashes in 2018. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> On Xi’s first visit to the U.S. in six years, he will also have a dinner with top U.S. executives, including Jane Fraser of Citigroup (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=C">C</a>), ExxonMobil (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=XOM">XOM</a>) CEO Darren Woods and Tesla (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=TSLA">TSLA</a>) CEO <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/061015/how-elon-musk-became-elon-musk.asp">Elon Musk</a>. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/101613/janet-yellen-background-and-philosophy.asp">Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen</a> met with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng for two days of meetings last week to help lay the groundwork for the summit. <br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * President Joe Biden and Chinese Premier Xi Jinping will meet at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on Wednesday, their first meeting in more than a year. * While wars and rising tensions around the globe are thought to be the main discussion points for the two leaders, there are some economic topics that could be broached. * China will seek to win back investors that have left the country amid its regulatory crackdowns, economic slowdown, and geopolitical risks, as Xi will meet with several top U.S. CEOs. A long-anticipated meeting between the leaders of the U.S. and China is scheduled for this week, where the world’s two leading economies are expected to look for common ground on issues after not meeting for more than a year.  President Joe Biden will travel to San Francisco this week to attend the [Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asiapacific-economic-cooperation-apec.asp), where on Wednesday he is expected to meet with his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in what would be the first conversation between the two leaders in a year. They last spoke at the Group of 20 summit in Bali, Indonesia in November 2022. “President Biden will highlight the strength and resilience of the U.S. economy, our longstanding economic ties with the Asia-Pacific, the surge of job-creating investments from APEC economies into the United States in recent years, and the role of the U.S. economy in driving growth and innovation in the Asia-Pacific and globally,” White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said in a statement. APEC is a 21-member nation forum to promote trade, investment and economic development between countries around the Pacific Ocean, with member countries including [China](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/invest_china.asp), Russia, Japan, the U.S. and Australia. Seven of the U.S. top-10 trading partners are members of APEC, which accounts for nearly 40% of the global population and almost half of the world’s trade.  The meeting is expected to focus on opening lines of communication between the two countries, with discussions expected to include military issues, global conflicts, artificial intelligence (AI), fentanyl, and Americans who are detained in China. However, a few key economic items could come up. China’s goal will be to win back investors who have left the country amid its regulatory crackdowns, economic slowdown, and geopolitical risks. China may also address U.S. [restrictions on chip sales to that nation](https://www.investopedia.com/nvidia-could-be-impacted-by-expanded-us-export-controls-on-ai-chips-to-china-8358382) as well as tariffs and sanctions. The meeting could also help open more of China’s market to U.S. aircraft maker Boeing ([BA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BA)), as the Chinese government is reportedly considering making a commitment to the 737 Max jetliner, ending a commercial freeze on the vehicle following two crashes in 2018. On Xi’s first visit to the U.S. in six years, he will also have a dinner with top U.S. executives, including Jane Fraser of Citigroup ([C](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=C)), ExxonMobil ([XOM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=XOM)) CEO Darren Woods and Tesla ([TSLA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=TSLA)) CEO [Elon Musk](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/061015/how-elon-musk-became-elon-musk.asp). [Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/101613/janet-yellen-background-and-philosophy.asp) met with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng for two days of meetings last week to help lay the groundwork for the summit.  Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways President Joe Biden and Chinese Premier Xi Jinping will meet at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on Wednesday, their first meeting in more than a year.While wars and rising tensions around the globe are thought to be the main discussion points for the two leaders, there are some economic topics that could be broached.China will seek to win back investors that have left the country amid its regulatory crackdowns, economic slowdown, and geopolitical risks, as Xi will meet with several top U.S. CEOs.  A long-anticipated meeting between the leaders of the U.S. and China is scheduled for this week, where the world’s two leading economies are expected to look for common ground on issues after not meeting for more than a year.  President Joe Biden will travel to San Francisco this week to attend the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), where on Wednesday he is expected to meet with his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in what would be the first conversation between the two leaders in a year. They last spoke at the Group of 20 summit in Bali, Indonesia in November 2022. “President Biden will highlight the strength and resilience of the U.S. economy, our longstanding economic ties with the Asia-Pacific, the surge of job-creating investments from APEC economies into the United States in recent years, and the role of the U.S. economy in driving growth and innovation in the Asia-Pacific and globally,” White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said in a statement. APEC is a 21-member nation forum to promote trade, investment and economic development between countries around the Pacific Ocean, with member countries including China, Russia, Japan, the U.S. and Australia. Seven of the U.S. top-10 trading partners are members of APEC, which accounts for nearly 40% of the global population and almost half of the world’s trade.  The meeting is expected to focus on opening lines of communication between the two countries, with discussions expected to include military issues, global conflicts, artificial intelligence (AI), fentanyl, and Americans who are detained in China. However, a few key economic items could come up. China’s goal will be to win back investors who have left the country amid its regulatory crackdowns, economic slowdown, and geopolitical risks. China may also address U.S. restrictions on chip sales to that nation as well as tariffs and sanctions. The meeting could also help open more of China’s market to U.S. aircraft maker Boeing (BA), as the Chinese government is reportedly considering making a commitment to the 737 Max jetliner, ending a commercial freeze on the vehicle following two crashes in 2018. On Xi’s first visit to the U.S. in six years, he will also have a dinner with top U.S. executives, including Jane Fraser of Citigroup (C), ExxonMobil (XOM) CEO Darren Woods and Tesla (TSLA) CEO Elon Musk. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen met with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng for two days of meetings last week to help lay the groundwork for the summit.  Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/041615/how-risk-aversion-measured-modern-portfolio-theory-mpt.asp
How Is Risk Aversion Measured in Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> According to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/modernportfoliotheory.asp">modern portfolio theory</a> (MPT), degrees of risk aversion are defined by the additional marginal return an investor needs to accept more risk. The required additional marginal return is calculated as the standard deviation of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninvestment.asp">return on investment</a> (ROI), otherwise known as the square root of the variance. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Investors who successfully determine their level of risk aversion can use this knowledge to build a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp">diversified portfolio</a> that produces a stream of income and meets their financial goals. Here we discuss modern portfolio theory and a common tactic investors use to measure risk aversion. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Economist Harry Markowitz created modern portfolio theory (MPT) in 1952 as a way to mathematically measure an investor's risk tolerance and reward expectations.</li><li>By understanding their level of risk aversion, investors can build a diversified portfolio that meets their financial goals and provides a return on their investment.</li><li>Standard deviation, which measures how greatly an asset's returns vary over a period of time, has become the most commonly used gauge to measure investment risk.</li><li>Risk-averse investors usually want assets with lower standard deviations because these assets tend to be less volatile with a lower probability for a major loss.</li><li>Assets with a high standard deviation are considered more volatile, potentially gaining quickly during rapid market upswings and losing quickly when markets swing back down.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-risk-in-the-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Risk in the Markets </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> The general level of risk aversion in the markets can be seen in two ways: by the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskpremium.asp">risk premium</a> assessed on assets above the risk-free level and by the actual pricing of risk-free assets, such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/treasurybond.asp">United States Treasury bonds</a>. The stronger the demand for safe instruments, the larger the gap between the rate of return of risky versus non-risky instruments. Prices for Treasury bonds also increase during times of strong demand, pushing yields lower. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-modern-portfolio-theory-mpt-and-risk"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and Risk </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Economist <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/portfolio-history.asp">Harry Markowitz developed modern portfolio theory</a> (MPT) as a way to mathematically match an investor's risk tolerance and reward expectations to create the ideal portfolio for that particular investor. When Markowitz introduced MPT in 1952, its definition of risk, or the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/standarddeviation.asp">standard deviation</a> from the mean, seemed unorthodox.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> However, over time, standard deviation has probably become the most-used gauge for investment risk. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Standard deviation shows how dramatically an asset's returns oscillate over a period of time. A trading range around the mean price can be created using the upswings and downswings as measured by standard deviation. Investors use this information to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/company-insights/083016/example-applying-modern-portfolio-theory-mps.asp">estimate possible returns for future portfolios</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Applying the standard deviation formula will show how much an investment's price has gone up or down in the past, helping investors evaluate potential future outcomes for that investment.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-risk-averse-investors"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Risk-Averse Investors </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskaverse.asp">Risk-averse investors</a> tend to want assets with lower standard deviations. A lower deviation from the mean suggests the asset's price experiences less volatility and there is a lower probability for a major loss. Aggressive investors are comfortable with a higher standard deviation because it suggests higher returns are also possible. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> The reason standard deviation is so widely accepted is it is always expressed in the same units and proportions as the underlying data. For example, the standard deviation of height is expressed in feet or inches, while the standard deviation for stock prices is quoted in terms of dollar price per share. Other risk metrics develop in accordance with MPT, including beta, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/r-squared.asp">R-squared</a>, and turnover rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-possible-flaws-with-mpt-and-risk"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Possible Flaws With MPT and Risk </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Though historically rare, it is possible to have a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp">mutual fund</a> or investment portfolio with a low standard deviation and still lose money. Losing periods in the market tend to be steep and short-lived. Low standard deviation assets tend to lose less in short time periods than others. However, since risk information is backward-looking, there is no guarantee future returns follow the same pattern. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> A larger, trickier issue is that standard deviation is relative in nature. Suppose an investor looks at two balanced mutual funds. One has a standard deviation of five units and the other a standard deviation of 10 units. Without other information, MPT cannot tell the investor if five is low, average, or high. If five is low, 10 might be average. If five is high, 10 might be extremely high. Investors using standard deviation should take the time to find the appropriate context, which includes gaining a better understanding of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032415/how-investment-risk-quantified.asp">how investment risk is quantified</a>. </p></div>
According to [modern portfolio theory](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/modernportfoliotheory.asp) (MPT), degrees of risk aversion are defined by the additional marginal return an investor needs to accept more risk. The required additional marginal return is calculated as the standard deviation of the [return on investment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninvestment.asp) (ROI), otherwise known as the square root of the variance. Investors who successfully determine their level of risk aversion can use this knowledge to build a [diversified portfolio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp) that produces a stream of income and meets their financial goals. Here we discuss modern portfolio theory and a common tactic investors use to measure risk aversion. ### Key Takeaways * Economist Harry Markowitz created modern portfolio theory (MPT) in 1952 as a way to mathematically measure an investor's risk tolerance and reward expectations. * By understanding their level of risk aversion, investors can build a diversified portfolio that meets their financial goals and provides a return on their investment. * Standard deviation, which measures how greatly an asset's returns vary over a period of time, has become the most commonly used gauge to measure investment risk. * Risk-averse investors usually want assets with lower standard deviations because these assets tend to be less volatile with a lower probability for a major loss. * Assets with a high standard deviation are considered more volatile, potentially gaining quickly during rapid market upswings and losing quickly when markets swing back down. ## Risk in the Markets The general level of risk aversion in the markets can be seen in two ways: by the [risk premium](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskpremium.asp) assessed on assets above the risk-free level and by the actual pricing of risk-free assets, such as [United States Treasury bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/treasurybond.asp). The stronger the demand for safe instruments, the larger the gap between the rate of return of risky versus non-risky instruments. Prices for Treasury bonds also increase during times of strong demand, pushing yields lower. ## Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and Risk Economist [Harry Markowitz developed modern portfolio theory](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/portfolio-history.asp) (MPT) as a way to mathematically match an investor's risk tolerance and reward expectations to create the ideal portfolio for that particular investor. When Markowitz introduced MPT in 1952, its definition of risk, or the [standard deviation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/standarddeviation.asp) from the mean, seemed unorthodox. However, over time, standard deviation has probably become the most-used gauge for investment risk. Standard deviation shows how dramatically an asset's returns oscillate over a period of time. A trading range around the mean price can be created using the upswings and downswings as measured by standard deviation. Investors use this information to [estimate possible returns for future portfolios](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/company-insights/083016/example-applying-modern-portfolio-theory-mps.asp). ### Applying the standard deviation formula will show how much an investment's price has gone up or down in the past, helping investors evaluate potential future outcomes for that investment. ## Risk-Averse Investors [Risk-averse investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskaverse.asp) tend to want assets with lower standard deviations. A lower deviation from the mean suggests the asset's price experiences less volatility and there is a lower probability for a major loss. Aggressive investors are comfortable with a higher standard deviation because it suggests higher returns are also possible. The reason standard deviation is so widely accepted is it is always expressed in the same units and proportions as the underlying data. For example, the standard deviation of height is expressed in feet or inches, while the standard deviation for stock prices is quoted in terms of dollar price per share. Other risk metrics develop in accordance with MPT, including beta, [R-squared](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/r-squared.asp), and turnover rate. ## Possible Flaws With MPT and Risk Though historically rare, it is possible to have a [mutual fund](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp) or investment portfolio with a low standard deviation and still lose money. Losing periods in the market tend to be steep and short-lived. Low standard deviation assets tend to lose less in short time periods than others. However, since risk information is backward-looking, there is no guarantee future returns follow the same pattern. A larger, trickier issue is that standard deviation is relative in nature. Suppose an investor looks at two balanced mutual funds. One has a standard deviation of five units and the other a standard deviation of 10 units. Without other information, MPT cannot tell the investor if five is low, average, or high. If five is low, 10 might be average. If five is high, 10 might be extremely high. Investors using standard deviation should take the time to find the appropriate context, which includes gaining a better understanding of [how investment risk is quantified](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032415/how-investment-risk-quantified.asp).
According to modern portfolio theory (MPT), degrees of risk aversion are defined by the additional marginal return an investor needs to accept more risk. The required additional marginal return is calculated as the standard deviation of the return on investment (ROI), otherwise known as the square root of the variance. Investors who successfully determine their level of risk aversion can use this knowledge to build a diversified portfolio that produces a stream of income and meets their financial goals. Here we discuss modern portfolio theory and a common tactic investors use to measure risk aversion. Key Takeaways Economist Harry Markowitz created modern portfolio theory (MPT) in 1952 as a way to mathematically measure an investor's risk tolerance and reward expectations.By understanding their level of risk aversion, investors can build a diversified portfolio that meets their financial goals and provides a return on their investment.Standard deviation, which measures how greatly an asset's returns vary over a period of time, has become the most commonly used gauge to measure investment risk.Risk-averse investors usually want assets with lower standard deviations because these assets tend to be less volatile with a lower probability for a major loss.Assets with a high standard deviation are considered more volatile, potentially gaining quickly during rapid market upswings and losing quickly when markets swing back down. Risk in the Markets The general level of risk aversion in the markets can be seen in two ways: by the risk premium assessed on assets above the risk-free level and by the actual pricing of risk-free assets, such as United States Treasury bonds. The stronger the demand for safe instruments, the larger the gap between the rate of return of risky versus non-risky instruments. Prices for Treasury bonds also increase during times of strong demand, pushing yields lower. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and Risk Economist Harry Markowitz developed modern portfolio theory (MPT) as a way to mathematically match an investor's risk tolerance and reward expectations to create the ideal portfolio for that particular investor. When Markowitz introduced MPT in 1952, its definition of risk, or the standard deviation from the mean, seemed unorthodox. However, over time, standard deviation has probably become the most-used gauge for investment risk. Standard deviation shows how dramatically an asset's returns oscillate over a period of time. A trading range around the mean price can be created using the upswings and downswings as measured by standard deviation. Investors use this information to estimate possible returns for future portfolios. Applying the standard deviation formula will show how much an investment's price has gone up or down in the past, helping investors evaluate potential future outcomes for that investment. Risk-Averse Investors Risk-averse investors tend to want assets with lower standard deviations. A lower deviation from the mean suggests the asset's price experiences less volatility and there is a lower probability for a major loss. Aggressive investors are comfortable with a higher standard deviation because it suggests higher returns are also possible. The reason standard deviation is so widely accepted is it is always expressed in the same units and proportions as the underlying data. For example, the standard deviation of height is expressed in feet or inches, while the standard deviation for stock prices is quoted in terms of dollar price per share. Other risk metrics develop in accordance with MPT, including beta, R-squared, and turnover rate. Possible Flaws With MPT and Risk Though historically rare, it is possible to have a mutual fund or investment portfolio with a low standard deviation and still lose money. Losing periods in the market tend to be steep and short-lived. Low standard deviation assets tend to lose less in short time periods than others. However, since risk information is backward-looking, there is no guarantee future returns follow the same pattern. A larger, trickier issue is that standard deviation is relative in nature. Suppose an investor looks at two balanced mutual funds. One has a standard deviation of five units and the other a standard deviation of 10 units. Without other information, MPT cannot tell the investor if five is low, average, or high. If five is low, 10 might be average. If five is high, 10 might be extremely high. Investors using standard deviation should take the time to find the appropriate context, which includes gaining a better understanding of how investment risk is quantified.
[ [ "modern portfolio theory", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/modernportfoliotheory.asp" ], [ "return on investment", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninvestment.asp" ], [ "diversified portfolio", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp" ], [ "risk premium", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskpremium.asp" ], [ "United States Treasury bonds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/treasurybond.asp" ], [ "Harry Markowitz developed modern portfolio theory", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/portfolio-history.asp" ], [ "standard deviation", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/standarddeviation.asp" ], [ "estimate possible returns for future portfolios", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/company-insights/083016/example-applying-modern-portfolio-theory-mps.asp" ], [ "Risk-averse investors", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskaverse.asp" ], [ "R-squared", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/r-squared.asp" ], [ "mutual fund", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp" ], [ "how investment risk is quantified", "https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032415/how-investment-risk-quantified.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/consumers-record-credit-card-debt-pandemic-savings-dwindle-7494611
Consumers Rack Up Record Credit Card Debt as Pandemic Savings Dwindle
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Credit card debt is growing fast, and one possible reason is that more people are putting more expenses on plastic because they can’t cover all their bills with cash.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> That’s according to data from the Federal Reserve released Friday, which showed that revolving credit (mainly <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-card-debt.asp">credit card debt</a>) grew by $17.6 billion in March, bringing the total to a record $1.24 trillion. It was the highest monthly increase in more than a year and helped propel household debt up $26 billion, overshooting the $16.8 billion median forecast of economists.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span>  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1i2wy/2/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Consumers Turn to Cards to Keep Spending"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> The rapidly growing pile of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-debt-surpassed-excess-savings-7480012">credit card debt </a>could be a symptom of people relying more on<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-card-companies-6892484"> credit cards</a> and less on saved-up cash to pay the bills, research by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta suggests.<br/><br/>In a 2022 paper, researchers described the phenomenon they dubbed borrower-savers. These people had enough cash to pay either their bills or their credit card balances—but not both—and therefore carried credit card debt because they prioritized paying their bills. Anywhere from 40 to 48% of the population fall into this category depending on the year, previous research has shown.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span><br/><br/>The researchers noted that people were <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-debt-surpassed-excess-savings-7480012">spending down the large reserves of cash they’d been able to build up during the pandemic</a>, when government relief aid bolstered income, and spending opportunities were diminished amid lockdowns, and predicted the ranks of borrower-savers would only grow as savings diminished.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> “The forecast may prove prophetic,” David Pendered, a writer for the Atlanta Fed, wrote in a blog post in April highlighting the growing relevance of the research. “Information reported after the paper's release shows that households were flush with cash when they were reducing debt, and some have returned to revolving debt now that the cash or cash equivalents have dwindled.”<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
Credit card debt is growing fast, and one possible reason is that more people are putting more expenses on plastic because they can’t cover all their bills with cash.  That’s according to data from the Federal Reserve released Friday, which showed that revolving credit (mainly [credit card debt](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-card-debt.asp)) grew by $17.6 billion in March, bringing the total to a record $1.24 trillion. It was the highest monthly increase in more than a year and helped propel household debt up $26 billion, overshooting the $16.8 billion median forecast of economists.  The rapidly growing pile of [credit card debt](https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-debt-surpassed-excess-savings-7480012) could be a symptom of people relying more on [credit cards](https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-card-companies-6892484) and less on saved-up cash to pay the bills, research by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta suggests. In a 2022 paper, researchers described the phenomenon they dubbed borrower-savers. These people had enough cash to pay either their bills or their credit card balances—but not both—and therefore carried credit card debt because they prioritized paying their bills. Anywhere from 40 to 48% of the population fall into this category depending on the year, previous research has shown. The researchers noted that people were [spending down the large reserves of cash they’d been able to build up during the pandemic](https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-debt-surpassed-excess-savings-7480012), when government relief aid bolstered income, and spending opportunities were diminished amid lockdowns, and predicted the ranks of borrower-savers would only grow as savings diminished.  “The forecast may prove prophetic,” David Pendered, a writer for the Atlanta Fed, wrote in a blog post in April highlighting the growing relevance of the research. “Information reported after the paper's release shows that households were flush with cash when they were reducing debt, and some have returned to revolving debt now that the cash or cash equivalents have dwindled.” Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Credit card debt is growing fast, and one possible reason is that more people are putting more expenses on plastic because they can’t cover all their bills with cash.  That’s according to data from the Federal Reserve released Friday, which showed that revolving credit (mainly credit card debt) grew by $17.6 billion in March, bringing the total to a record $1.24 trillion. It was the highest monthly increase in more than a year and helped propel household debt up $26 billion, overshooting the $16.8 billion median forecast of economists.  The rapidly growing pile of credit card debt could be a symptom of people relying more on credit cards and less on saved-up cash to pay the bills, research by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta suggests.In a 2022 paper, researchers described the phenomenon they dubbed borrower-savers. These people had enough cash to pay either their bills or their credit card balances—but not both—and therefore carried credit card debt because they prioritized paying their bills. Anywhere from 40 to 48% of the population fall into this category depending on the year, previous research has shown.The researchers noted that people were spending down the large reserves of cash they’d been able to build up during the pandemic, when government relief aid bolstered income, and spending opportunities were diminished amid lockdowns, and predicted the ranks of borrower-savers would only grow as savings diminished.  “The forecast may prove prophetic,” David Pendered, a writer for the Atlanta Fed, wrote in a blog post in April highlighting the growing relevance of the research. “Information reported after the paper's release shows that households were flush with cash when they were reducing debt, and some have returned to revolving debt now that the cash or cash equivalents have dwindled.” Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "credit card debt", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-card-debt.asp" ], [ "credit card debt", "https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-debt-surpassed-excess-savings-7480012" ], [ "credit cards", "https://www.investopedia.com/best-credit-card-companies-6892484" ], [ "spending down the large reserves of cash they’d been able to build up during the pandemic", "https://www.investopedia.com/credit-card-debt-surpassed-excess-savings-7480012" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliorunoff.asp
What Is Portfolio Runoff? Definition, How It Works, and Examples
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-portfolio-runoff"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Portfolio Runoff? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Portfolio runoff means assets with a finite term are not replaced as they mature. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> When the principal invested in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp">fixed-income security</a> with a set maturity is repaid, the investor must decide whether to reinvest it. When the proceeds from matured bonds are not reinvested, a portfolio can be said to be in runoff. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Portfolio runoff describes a decline in fixed-term investment assets.</li><li>Portfolio runoff can occur when proceeds from maturing fixed-term securities are not reinvested.</li><li>Investment returns decline over time in a portfolio runoff as the asset base generating returns shrinks.</li><li>Portfolio runoff can allow the Federal Reserve to reduce its balance sheet without selling holdings.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-balance-sheet-runoff"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Balance Sheet Runoff </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> For a bank or lender, portfolio runoff can occur if it can't make new loans quickly enough to replace the repaid ones it made previously. Runoff can also occur when early prepayments are allowed or as defaults occur. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Banks can experience runoff when individuals and businesses withdraw capital to invest in other higher-paying investments, thereby reducing the bank's total capital.</p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> In an effort to reduce portfolio runoff, some loans specify <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prepaymentpenalty.asp">prepayment penalties</a>. These provide additional compensation for the lender if the borrower pays off a loan before the end of its term. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-runoff-in-investment-portfolios"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Runoff in Investment Portfolios </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Fixed-income investments like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset-backedsecurity.asp">asset-backed securities (ABS)</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mbs.asp">mortgage-backed securities (MBS)</a>, usually have a fixed maturity date. For MBS, it would be based on the term of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgage.asp">mortgages</a> bundled to make up the security. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> If cash flow from mortgage-backed securities is not reinvested, the income the portfolio generates will decline. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-federal-reserve-actions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Federal Reserve Actions </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservesystem.asp">Federal Reserve</a> bought Treasury debt and mortgage-backed securities in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp">quantitative easing (QE)</a> programs adopted following the 2008 financial crisis. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> To start reducing its balance sheet the Fed doesn't need to sell those securities; it can merely choose not to reinvest some or all of the proceeds as the debt matures and is repaid.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-insurance-portfolio-runoff"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Insurance Portfolio Runoff </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Just as a fixed-income investor may choose not to reinvest coupon payments or principal repayments, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reinsurer.asp">reinsurer</a> may choose not to write new policies while waiting for those it previously wrote to expire. Its portfolio would then be in runoff.<br/> </p></div>
## What Is Portfolio Runoff? Portfolio runoff means assets with a finite term are not replaced as they mature. When the principal invested in a [fixed-income security](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp) with a set maturity is repaid, the investor must decide whether to reinvest it. When the proceeds from matured bonds are not reinvested, a portfolio can be said to be in runoff. ### Key Takeaways * Portfolio runoff describes a decline in fixed-term investment assets. * Portfolio runoff can occur when proceeds from maturing fixed-term securities are not reinvested. * Investment returns decline over time in a portfolio runoff as the asset base generating returns shrinks. * Portfolio runoff can allow the Federal Reserve to reduce its balance sheet without selling holdings. ## Balance Sheet Runoff For a bank or lender, portfolio runoff can occur if it can't make new loans quickly enough to replace the repaid ones it made previously. Runoff can also occur when early prepayments are allowed or as defaults occur. ### Banks can experience runoff when individuals and businesses withdraw capital to invest in other higher-paying investments, thereby reducing the bank's total capital. In an effort to reduce portfolio runoff, some loans specify [prepayment penalties](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prepaymentpenalty.asp). These provide additional compensation for the lender if the borrower pays off a loan before the end of its term. ## Runoff in Investment Portfolios Fixed-income investments like [asset-backed securities (ABS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset-backedsecurity.asp) and [mortgage-backed securities (MBS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mbs.asp), usually have a fixed maturity date. For MBS, it would be based on the term of [mortgages](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgage.asp) bundled to make up the security. If cash flow from mortgage-backed securities is not reinvested, the income the portfolio generates will decline. ## Federal Reserve Actions The [Federal Reserve](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservesystem.asp) bought Treasury debt and mortgage-backed securities in [quantitative easing (QE)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp) programs adopted following the 2008 financial crisis. To start reducing its balance sheet the Fed doesn't need to sell those securities; it can merely choose not to reinvest some or all of the proceeds as the debt matures and is repaid. ## Insurance Portfolio Runoff Just as a fixed-income investor may choose not to reinvest coupon payments or principal repayments, a [reinsurer](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reinsurer.asp) may choose not to write new policies while waiting for those it previously wrote to expire. Its portfolio would then be in runoff.
What Is Portfolio Runoff? Portfolio runoff means assets with a finite term are not replaced as they mature. When the principal invested in a fixed-income security with a set maturity is repaid, the investor must decide whether to reinvest it. When the proceeds from matured bonds are not reinvested, a portfolio can be said to be in runoff. Key Takeaways Portfolio runoff describes a decline in fixed-term investment assets.Portfolio runoff can occur when proceeds from maturing fixed-term securities are not reinvested.Investment returns decline over time in a portfolio runoff as the asset base generating returns shrinks.Portfolio runoff can allow the Federal Reserve to reduce its balance sheet without selling holdings. Balance Sheet Runoff For a bank or lender, portfolio runoff can occur if it can't make new loans quickly enough to replace the repaid ones it made previously. Runoff can also occur when early prepayments are allowed or as defaults occur. Banks can experience runoff when individuals and businesses withdraw capital to invest in other higher-paying investments, thereby reducing the bank's total capital. In an effort to reduce portfolio runoff, some loans specify prepayment penalties. These provide additional compensation for the lender if the borrower pays off a loan before the end of its term. Runoff in Investment Portfolios Fixed-income investments like asset-backed securities (ABS) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS), usually have a fixed maturity date. For MBS, it would be based on the term of mortgages bundled to make up the security. If cash flow from mortgage-backed securities is not reinvested, the income the portfolio generates will decline. Federal Reserve Actions The Federal Reserve bought Treasury debt and mortgage-backed securities in quantitative easing (QE) programs adopted following the 2008 financial crisis. To start reducing its balance sheet the Fed doesn't need to sell those securities; it can merely choose not to reinvest some or all of the proceeds as the debt matures and is repaid. Insurance Portfolio Runoff Just as a fixed-income investor may choose not to reinvest coupon payments or principal repayments, a reinsurer may choose not to write new policies while waiting for those it previously wrote to expire. Its portfolio would then be in runoff.
[ [ "fixed-income security", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp" ], [ "prepayment penalties", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prepaymentpenalty.asp" ], [ "asset-backed securities (ABS)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset-backedsecurity.asp" ], [ "mortgage-backed securities (MBS)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mbs.asp" ], [ "mortgages", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgage.asp" ], [ "Federal Reserve", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservesystem.asp" ], [ "quantitative easing (QE)", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp" ], [ "reinsurer", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reinsurer.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/penny-stock-reform-act.asp
Penny Stock Reform Act: What It Is, How It Works
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-penny-stock-reform-act"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the Penny Stock Reform Act? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The Penny Stock Reform Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 as part of securities legislation that sought to clamp down on fraud in non-exchange-listed stocks—called <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pennystock.asp">penny stocks</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> A company's stock is typically called a penny stock when its price trades below $5 per share. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> Penny stocks usually traded via the over-the-counter (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc.asp">OTC</a>) market, which is a broker-dealer network. The Penny Stock Reform Act added regulations for brokers and implemented a penny stock marketplace for stocks to be quoted. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The Penny Stock Reform Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 to clamp down on fraud with penny stocks.</li><li>The legislation granted the SEC administrative power over penny stock issuers, brokers, and dealers.</li><li>The act also required penny stock dealers and brokers to disclose to customers information about the penny stock market.</li><li>The Penny Stock Reform Act also promoted establishing a structured electronic marketplace for quoting such securities.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-penny-stock-reform-act"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the Penny Stock Reform Act </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The Penny Stock Reform Act—which was part of the “Securities Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990”—was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on Oct. 15, 1990. The legislation was designed to address the growing incidences of penny stock fraud in the 1970s and 1980s. The law attempted to impose more stringent regulations on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp">brokers</a> and dealers who recommended penny stocks to clients and also promoted establishing a structured electronic marketplace for quoting such securities.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Penny stocks are usually issued by small companies, which fall below the <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/listingrequirements.asp">listing requirements</a> needed to trade on national exchanges. For example, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nyse.asp">New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)</a> requires companies to have 1.1 million <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equity.asp">equity</a> shares outstanding for a total value of $100 million at a minimum. Also, the company's stock must have a minimum listing price of $4 per share.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> As a result, most penny stocks are traded over the counter (OTC) through the electronic <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otcbb.asp">OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB)</a> or through the privately owned <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc-markets-group-inc.asp">OTC Markets Group</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-penny-stock-risks"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Penny Stock Risks </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Historically, there have been many risks and unique characteristics to penny stocks that have made them susceptible to fraud and abuse. The Penny Stock Reform Act sought to reduce these risks, but even today, some of the risks remain prevalent. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Lack of Financial Disclosure </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Information about the companies that issue penny stocks is not readily available compared to more established companies. For example, penny stock companies are not required to report their <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-statements.asp">financial statements</a> like other publicly traded companies trading on the NYSE. As a result, information about a company may not be reliable. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Also, the lack of information means that investors don't have access to the company's financial history, including the financial performance of the company over the last several quarters. This lack of information and transparency can make investment decisions surrounding penny stocks quite difficult for investors and put them at risk for significant losses. Companies listed on the Pink Open Market (aka pink sheet markets) are not required to file any financial statements or report any disclosures, unless they are listed on the Qualified Foreign Exchange.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Listing Requirements  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> The listing requirements to trade via over the counter versus a traditional exchange are quite different. Penny stocks, trading via OTC, don't have any minimum listing requirements, such as a minimum level of revenue or profit. If a company performs poorly or is in financial distress, the stock can be transferred to a smaller exchange. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Low Trading Volume  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> When trading penny stocks, investors can have difficulty executing a buy and sell order when they want to, meaning there is little <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">liquidity</a> in the market. As a result, an investor who can't sell a penny stock at the prevailing price might have to accept a lower price or wait for a buyer to emerge. While the investor waits for a buyer, the stock price could fall—leading to a loss for the investor. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-penny-stock-manipulation"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Penny Stock Manipulation </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Penny stock transactions and abusive activities associated with them—such as “pump and dump” schemes and account “churning”—grew substantially in the U.S. from the mid-1980s onward. Advances in technology and telecommunications contributed to the dramatic rise in interstate “boiler room” operations where promoters used high-pressure sales tactics to convince unsuspecting investors to invest in dubious penny stocks. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Often such promoters of penny stocks would participate in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pumpanddump.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">pump and dump</a> schemes, which included spreading false information about the company and coordinating the pump and dump. Because penny stocks, especially in OTC or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pinksheets.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">pink sheet</a> markets, have low share prices and limited liquidity or trading volume, large coordinated purchases could drive the price significantly higher, in percentage terms, in a short amount of time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Once the share prices rose, other investors would jump in and buy shares to take advantage of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/momentum.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">momentum</a> in the stock price. The fraudsters would then sell or dump their shares after the price had elevated to a level where they made a sizable profit. The selling by the fraudsters led to a frenzy of selling by legitimate investors after realizing there was no fundamental reason for the stock price to rise. The victims were usually average investors that were stuck enduring the losses from the pump and dump scheme. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-penny-stock-reform-act-findings"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Penny Stock Reform Act Findings </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> In its report on the 1990 act, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce identified two main factors that had spurred the growth of penny stock fraud: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <li>A lack of public information on these stocks, which facilitated price <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/manipulation.asp">manipulation</a></li> <li>The presence of a large number of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/promoter.asp">promoters</a> and others associated with penny stock issuers and broker-dealers who were repeat offenders under securities laws, convicted felons or had ties to organized crime.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> The Penny Stock Reform Act used a two-pronged approach of more regulation and better disclosure to achieve the objective of reducing penny stock fraud. The legislation granted the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp">Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)</a>, which regulates the financial markets, administrative power over penny stock issuers, brokers, and dealers. The act also required penny stock dealers and brokers to disclose to potential customers general information about the penny stock market, and specific information about the penny stocks.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> In addition, the OTC dealer network can place a designation of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/caveatemptor.asp">Caveat Emptor</a> (literally, "buyer beware") on a penny stock as a means of informing investors that there may be reason to exercise additional care and due diligence for a particular issue. In fact, some brokerage houses are beginning to either restrict investments in Caveat Emptor issues, or are no longer allowing trading in penny stocks altogether </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p><em>Investopedia does not provide tax, investment, or financial services and advice. The information is presented without consideration of the investment objectives, risk tolerance, or financial circumstances of any specific investor and might not be suitable for all investors. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Investors should consider engaging a financial professional to determine a suitable retirement savings, tax and investment strategy.</em></p></div></div></div></div>
## What Is the Penny Stock Reform Act? The Penny Stock Reform Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 as part of securities legislation that sought to clamp down on fraud in non-exchange-listed stocks—called [penny stocks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pennystock.asp). A company's stock is typically called a penny stock when its price trades below $5 per share. Penny stocks usually traded via the over-the-counter ([OTC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc.asp)) market, which is a broker-dealer network. The Penny Stock Reform Act added regulations for brokers and implemented a penny stock marketplace for stocks to be quoted. ### Key Takeaways * The Penny Stock Reform Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 to clamp down on fraud with penny stocks. * The legislation granted the SEC administrative power over penny stock issuers, brokers, and dealers. * The act also required penny stock dealers and brokers to disclose to customers information about the penny stock market. * The Penny Stock Reform Act also promoted establishing a structured electronic marketplace for quoting such securities. ## Understanding the Penny Stock Reform Act The Penny Stock Reform Act—which was part of the “Securities Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990”—was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on Oct. 15, 1990. The legislation was designed to address the growing incidences of penny stock fraud in the 1970s and 1980s. The law attempted to impose more stringent regulations on [brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp) and dealers who recommended penny stocks to clients and also promoted establishing a structured electronic marketplace for quoting such securities. Penny stocks are usually issued by small companies, which fall below the [listing requirements](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/listingrequirements.asp) needed to trade on national exchanges. For example, the [New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nyse.asp) requires companies to have 1.1 million [equity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equity.asp) shares outstanding for a total value of $100 million at a minimum. Also, the company's stock must have a minimum listing price of $4 per share. As a result, most penny stocks are traded over the counter (OTC) through the electronic [OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otcbb.asp) or through the privately owned [OTC Markets Group](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/otc-markets-group-inc.asp). ## Penny Stock Risks Historically, there have been many risks and unique characteristics to penny stocks that have made them susceptible to fraud and abuse. The Penny Stock Reform Act sought to reduce these risks, but even today, some of the risks remain prevalent. ### Lack of Financial Disclosure Information about the companies that issue penny stocks is not readily available compared to more established companies. For example, penny stock companies are not required to report their [financial statements](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-statements.asp) like other publicly traded companies trading on the NYSE. As a result, information about a company may not be reliable. Also, the lack of information means that investors don't have access to the company's financial history, including the financial performance of the company over the last several quarters. This lack of information and transparency can make investment decisions surrounding penny stocks quite difficult for investors and put them at risk for significant losses. Companies listed on the Pink Open Market (aka pink sheet markets) are not required to file any financial statements or report any disclosures, unless they are listed on the Qualified Foreign Exchange. ### Listing Requirements The listing requirements to trade via over the counter versus a traditional exchange are quite different. Penny stocks, trading via OTC, don't have any minimum listing requirements, such as a minimum level of revenue or profit. If a company performs poorly or is in financial distress, the stock can be transferred to a smaller exchange. ### Low Trading Volume When trading penny stocks, investors can have difficulty executing a buy and sell order when they want to, meaning there is little [liquidity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp) in the market. As a result, an investor who can't sell a penny stock at the prevailing price might have to accept a lower price or wait for a buyer to emerge. While the investor waits for a buyer, the stock price could fall—leading to a loss for the investor. ## Penny Stock Manipulation Penny stock transactions and abusive activities associated with them—such as “pump and dump” schemes and account “churning”—grew substantially in the U.S. from the mid-1980s onward. Advances in technology and telecommunications contributed to the dramatic rise in interstate “boiler room” operations where promoters used high-pressure sales tactics to convince unsuspecting investors to invest in dubious penny stocks. Often such promoters of penny stocks would participate in [pump and dump](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pumpanddump.asp) schemes, which included spreading false information about the company and coordinating the pump and dump. Because penny stocks, especially in OTC or [pink sheet](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pinksheets.asp) markets, have low share prices and limited liquidity or trading volume, large coordinated purchases could drive the price significantly higher, in percentage terms, in a short amount of time. Once the share prices rose, other investors would jump in and buy shares to take advantage of the [momentum](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/momentum.asp) in the stock price. The fraudsters would then sell or dump their shares after the price had elevated to a level where they made a sizable profit. The selling by the fraudsters led to a frenzy of selling by legitimate investors after realizing there was no fundamental reason for the stock price to rise. The victims were usually average investors that were stuck enduring the losses from the pump and dump scheme. ## Penny Stock Reform Act Findings In its report on the 1990 act, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce identified two main factors that had spurred the growth of penny stock fraud: 1. A lack of public information on these stocks, which facilitated price [manipulation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/manipulation.asp) 2. The presence of a large number of [promoters](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/promoter.asp) and others associated with penny stock issuers and broker-dealers who were repeat offenders under securities laws, convicted felons or had ties to organized crime. The Penny Stock Reform Act used a two-pronged approach of more regulation and better disclosure to achieve the objective of reducing penny stock fraud. The legislation granted the [Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sec.asp), which regulates the financial markets, administrative power over penny stock issuers, brokers, and dealers. The act also required penny stock dealers and brokers to disclose to potential customers general information about the penny stock market, and specific information about the penny stocks. In addition, the OTC dealer network can place a designation of [Caveat Emptor](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/caveatemptor.asp) (literally, "buyer beware") on a penny stock as a means of informing investors that there may be reason to exercise additional care and due diligence for a particular issue. In fact, some brokerage houses are beginning to either restrict investments in Caveat Emptor issues, or are no longer allowing trading in penny stocks altogether ### *Investopedia does not provide tax, investment, or financial services and advice. The information is presented without consideration of the investment objectives, risk tolerance, or financial circumstances of any specific investor and might not be suitable for all investors. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Investors should consider engaging a financial professional to determine a suitable retirement savings, tax and investment strategy.*
What Is the Penny Stock Reform Act? The Penny Stock Reform Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 as part of securities legislation that sought to clamp down on fraud in non-exchange-listed stocks—called penny stocks. A company's stock is typically called a penny stock when its price trades below $5 per share. Penny stocks usually traded via the over-the-counter (OTC) market, which is a broker-dealer network. The Penny Stock Reform Act added regulations for brokers and implemented a penny stock marketplace for stocks to be quoted. Key Takeaways The Penny Stock Reform Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 to clamp down on fraud with penny stocks.The legislation granted the SEC administrative power over penny stock issuers, brokers, and dealers.The act also required penny stock dealers and brokers to disclose to customers information about the penny stock market.The Penny Stock Reform Act also promoted establishing a structured electronic marketplace for quoting such securities. Understanding the Penny Stock Reform Act The Penny Stock Reform Act—which was part of the “Securities Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990”—was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on Oct. 15, 1990. The legislation was designed to address the growing incidences of penny stock fraud in the 1970s and 1980s. The law attempted to impose more stringent regulations on brokers and dealers who recommended penny stocks to clients and also promoted establishing a structured electronic marketplace for quoting such securities. Penny stocks are usually issued by small companies, which fall below the listing requirements needed to trade on national exchanges. For example, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) requires companies to have 1.1 million equity shares outstanding for a total value of $100 million at a minimum. Also, the company's stock must have a minimum listing price of $4 per share. As a result, most penny stocks are traded over the counter (OTC) through the electronic OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB) or through the privately owned OTC Markets Group. Penny Stock Risks Historically, there have been many risks and unique characteristics to penny stocks that have made them susceptible to fraud and abuse. The Penny Stock Reform Act sought to reduce these risks, but even today, some of the risks remain prevalent. Lack of Financial Disclosure Information about the companies that issue penny stocks is not readily available compared to more established companies. For example, penny stock companies are not required to report their financial statements like other publicly traded companies trading on the NYSE. As a result, information about a company may not be reliable. Also, the lack of information means that investors don't have access to the company's financial history, including the financial performance of the company over the last several quarters. This lack of information and transparency can make investment decisions surrounding penny stocks quite difficult for investors and put them at risk for significant losses. Companies listed on the Pink Open Market (aka pink sheet markets) are not required to file any financial statements or report any disclosures, unless they are listed on the Qualified Foreign Exchange. Listing Requirements  The listing requirements to trade via over the counter versus a traditional exchange are quite different. Penny stocks, trading via OTC, don't have any minimum listing requirements, such as a minimum level of revenue or profit. If a company performs poorly or is in financial distress, the stock can be transferred to a smaller exchange. Low Trading Volume  When trading penny stocks, investors can have difficulty executing a buy and sell order when they want to, meaning there is little liquidity in the market. As a result, an investor who can't sell a penny stock at the prevailing price might have to accept a lower price or wait for a buyer to emerge. While the investor waits for a buyer, the stock price could fall—leading to a loss for the investor. Penny Stock Manipulation Penny stock transactions and abusive activities associated with them—such as “pump and dump” schemes and account “churning”—grew substantially in the U.S. from the mid-1980s onward. Advances in technology and telecommunications contributed to the dramatic rise in interstate “boiler room” operations where promoters used high-pressure sales tactics to convince unsuspecting investors to invest in dubious penny stocks. Often such promoters of penny stocks would participate in pump and dump schemes, which included spreading false information about the company and coordinating the pump and dump. Because penny stocks, especially in OTC or pink sheet markets, have low share prices and limited liquidity or trading volume, large coordinated purchases could drive the price significantly higher, in percentage terms, in a short amount of time. Once the share prices rose, other investors would jump in and buy shares to take advantage of the momentum in the stock price. The fraudsters would then sell or dump their shares after the price had elevated to a level where they made a sizable profit. The selling by the fraudsters led to a frenzy of selling by legitimate investors after realizing there was no fundamental reason for the stock price to rise. The victims were usually average investors that were stuck enduring the losses from the pump and dump scheme. Penny Stock Reform Act Findings In its report on the 1990 act, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce identified two main factors that had spurred the growth of penny stock fraud: A lack of public information on these stocks, which facilitated price manipulation The presence of a large number of promoters and others associated with penny stock issuers and broker-dealers who were repeat offenders under securities laws, convicted felons or had ties to organized crime. The Penny Stock Reform Act used a two-pronged approach of more regulation and better disclosure to achieve the objective of reducing penny stock fraud. The legislation granted the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which regulates the financial markets, administrative power over penny stock issuers, brokers, and dealers. The act also required penny stock dealers and brokers to disclose to potential customers general information about the penny stock market, and specific information about the penny stocks. In addition, the OTC dealer network can place a designation of Caveat Emptor (literally, "buyer beware") on a penny stock as a means of informing investors that there may be reason to exercise additional care and due diligence for a particular issue. In fact, some brokerage houses are beginning to either restrict investments in Caveat Emptor issues, or are no longer allowing trading in penny stocks altogether Investopedia does not provide tax, investment, or financial services and advice. The information is presented without consideration of the investment objectives, risk tolerance, or financial circumstances of any specific investor and might not be suitable for all investors. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Investors should consider engaging a financial professional to determine a suitable retirement savings, tax and investment strategy.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/111014/it-possible-trade-weather.asp
How Do You Trade the Weather?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Weather impacts our daily lives and big businesses alike, posing significant benefits and risks based on the variability of weather factors like temperature, wind, rainfall, snowfall, etc. Germanwatch cites that between 1997 and 2016, the US experienced .255% of loss per unit of GDP because of the weather.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> To mitigate the risks emerging out of damaging weather factors, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/weatherderivative.asp">weather derivatives</a> have gained tremendous popularity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> This article discusses the usage of weather derivatives, how they are different from associated commodity derivatives, how various weather derivatives work, and who the top players are in the weather derivative sphere. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-usage-of-weather-derivatives"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Usage of Weather Derivatives </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> The following scenarios indicate usage of weather derivatives: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <li>Energy companies can enter into weather derivatives to eliminate risks of varying temperatures leading to uncertain demand and supply for their power, utility, and energy business. </li> <li>To eliminate the risk of poor crop production due to bad weather, farming businesses can get into derivatives contracts which includes cases for heavy rains or low rains, adverse temperature conditions, or impacts of high winds or snowfall.</li> <li>Hedging by event management organizations – like sports organizing companies, tour, and travel companies, or open-air theme parks – for mitigating the negative impacts of rain on their event business.</li> <li>Insurance companies, hedge funds and even governments trade in weather derivatives, for hedging purposes</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculator.asp">Speculators</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/arbitrageur.asp">arbitrageurs </a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketmaker.asp">market makers</a> go for speculative betting or arbitrage opportunities on weather conditions</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Utilities, energy, and power companies are big players in the weather derivatives market.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-examples-of-weather-derivatives-and-how-they-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Examples of Weather Derivatives and How They Work </span> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <li>Weather derivatives were introduced around the mid-1990s as OTC products between two individual parties, primarily as conditional clauses (like if the temperature exceeded ‘Z’ degrees, one party would offer another a rebate of ‘Y’ dollars on their deal).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> They soon became popular enough to be included by exchanges as easily tradable futures, options, swaps and options on futures contracts.</li> <li>CME today offers weather derivatives specific to locations - US cities like Des Moines or Las Vegas and global cities in Europe and Asia – for temperature specific products.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li> <li>Weather derivatives quantify how much the temperature varies from the monthly or seasonal average in a designated city/region. The variations are scaled to dollar-weighted indexes, allowing a quantified dollar value for temperature variations.</li> <li>Contracts are linked to the index for heating degree days (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/heatingdegreeday.asp">HDD</a>) and cooling degree days (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/colddegreeday.asp">CDD</a>) based on set temperature threshold of 65° F in the US (18° C in Europe).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> These values indicate a quantum of available resources needed for heating or cooling. If the temperature goes below this threshold to say 35° F indicating heating requirement, then HDD value is 30 (65-35) and CDD value is zero as no cooling is required. For temperatures above this 65° F threshold, say at 85° F, HDD will be zero as no heating is required, while CDD value will be 20 (85-65).</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li>Each contract is valued for each day (or month) by multiplying the HDD or CDD value by $20.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> For the first case (HDD = 30 and CDD = 0), HDD contract value will be $600 and CDD will be zero. For second case (HDD = 0 and CDD = 20), HDD contract value will be zero and CDD contract will be $400.</li> <li>Using the above mechanism, one can take appropriate trading positions for mitigating temperature specific risks, as perceived by their respective businesses.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-weather-vs-commodity-derivatives"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Weather vs. Commodity Derivatives </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> One important point that differentiates utilities/<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/commodities-trading-overview/" rel="noopener noreferrer">commodity</a> derivatives (power, electricity, agricultural) and weather derivatives is that the former set allows hedging on price based on a specific volume, while the latter offers to hedge the actual utilization or the yield, independent of the volume. E.g., one can lock the price of X barrels of crude oil or X bushels of corn by buying oil futures or corn futures, respectively. But getting into weather derivatives allows hedging the overall risk for yield and utilization. Temperature dipping below 10 degrees will result in complete damage to wheat crop; rain on weekends in Las Vegas will impact city tours. Hence, a combination of weather and commodity derivatives is best for overall risk mitigation. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> The weather derivative market has grown globally, with big investment coming from a variety of participants. Weather instruments are a useful medium to mitigate risks for weather specific conditions. Depending upon the needs, specific weather derivatives or a balanced combination of weather and traditional commodity derivatives can be utilized for hedging </p></div>
Weather impacts our daily lives and big businesses alike, posing significant benefits and risks based on the variability of weather factors like temperature, wind, rainfall, snowfall, etc. Germanwatch cites that between 1997 and 2016, the US experienced .255% of loss per unit of GDP because of the weather. To mitigate the risks emerging out of damaging weather factors, [weather derivatives](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/weatherderivative.asp) have gained tremendous popularity. This article discusses the usage of weather derivatives, how they are different from associated commodity derivatives, how various weather derivatives work, and who the top players are in the weather derivative sphere. ## Usage of Weather Derivatives The following scenarios indicate usage of weather derivatives: * Energy companies can enter into weather derivatives to eliminate risks of varying temperatures leading to uncertain demand and supply for their power, utility, and energy business. * To eliminate the risk of poor crop production due to bad weather, farming businesses can get into derivatives contracts which includes cases for heavy rains or low rains, adverse temperature conditions, or impacts of high winds or snowfall. * Hedging by event management organizations – like sports organizing companies, tour, and travel companies, or open-air theme parks – for mitigating the negative impacts of rain on their event business. * Insurance companies, hedge funds and even governments trade in weather derivatives, for hedging purposes * [Speculators](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculator.asp), [arbitrageurs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/arbitrageur.asp) and [market makers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketmaker.asp) go for speculative betting or arbitrage opportunities on weather conditions Utilities, energy, and power companies are big players in the weather derivatives market. ## Examples of Weather Derivatives and How They Work * Weather derivatives were introduced around the mid-1990s as OTC products between two individual parties, primarily as conditional clauses (like if the temperature exceeded ‘Z’ degrees, one party would offer another a rebate of ‘Y’ dollars on their deal). They soon became popular enough to be included by exchanges as easily tradable futures, options, swaps and options on futures contracts. * CME today offers weather derivatives specific to locations - US cities like Des Moines or Las Vegas and global cities in Europe and Asia – for temperature specific products. * Weather derivatives quantify how much the temperature varies from the monthly or seasonal average in a designated city/region. The variations are scaled to dollar-weighted indexes, allowing a quantified dollar value for temperature variations. * Contracts are linked to the index for heating degree days ([HDD](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/heatingdegreeday.asp)) and cooling degree days ([CDD](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/colddegreeday.asp)) based on set temperature threshold of 65° F in the US (18° C in Europe). These values indicate a quantum of available resources needed for heating or cooling. If the temperature goes below this threshold to say 35° F indicating heating requirement, then HDD value is 30 (65-35) and CDD value is zero as no cooling is required. For temperatures above this 65° F threshold, say at 85° F, HDD will be zero as no heating is required, while CDD value will be 20 (85-65). * Each contract is valued for each day (or month) by multiplying the HDD or CDD value by $20. For the first case (HDD = 30 and CDD = 0), HDD contract value will be $600 and CDD will be zero. For second case (HDD = 0 and CDD = 20), HDD contract value will be zero and CDD contract will be $400. * Using the above mechanism, one can take appropriate trading positions for mitigating temperature specific risks, as perceived by their respective businesses. ## Weather vs. Commodity Derivatives One important point that differentiates utilities/[commodity](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/commodities-trading-overview/) derivatives (power, electricity, agricultural) and weather derivatives is that the former set allows hedging on price based on a specific volume, while the latter offers to hedge the actual utilization or the yield, independent of the volume. E.g., one can lock the price of X barrels of crude oil or X bushels of corn by buying oil futures or corn futures, respectively. But getting into weather derivatives allows hedging the overall risk for yield and utilization. Temperature dipping below 10 degrees will result in complete damage to wheat crop; rain on weekends in Las Vegas will impact city tours. Hence, a combination of weather and commodity derivatives is best for overall risk mitigation. ## The Bottom Line The weather derivative market has grown globally, with big investment coming from a variety of participants. Weather instruments are a useful medium to mitigate risks for weather specific conditions. Depending upon the needs, specific weather derivatives or a balanced combination of weather and traditional commodity derivatives can be utilized for hedging
Weather impacts our daily lives and big businesses alike, posing significant benefits and risks based on the variability of weather factors like temperature, wind, rainfall, snowfall, etc. Germanwatch cites that between 1997 and 2016, the US experienced .255% of loss per unit of GDP because of the weather. To mitigate the risks emerging out of damaging weather factors, weather derivatives have gained tremendous popularity. This article discusses the usage of weather derivatives, how they are different from associated commodity derivatives, how various weather derivatives work, and who the top players are in the weather derivative sphere. Usage of Weather Derivatives The following scenarios indicate usage of weather derivatives: Energy companies can enter into weather derivatives to eliminate risks of varying temperatures leading to uncertain demand and supply for their power, utility, and energy business.  To eliminate the risk of poor crop production due to bad weather, farming businesses can get into derivatives contracts which includes cases for heavy rains or low rains, adverse temperature conditions, or impacts of high winds or snowfall. Hedging by event management organizations – like sports organizing companies, tour, and travel companies, or open-air theme parks – for mitigating the negative impacts of rain on their event business. Insurance companies, hedge funds and even governments trade in weather derivatives, for hedging purposes Speculators, arbitrageurs  and market makers go for speculative betting or arbitrage opportunities on weather conditions Utilities, energy, and power companies are big players in the weather derivatives market. Examples of Weather Derivatives and How They Work Weather derivatives were introduced around the mid-1990s as OTC products between two individual parties, primarily as conditional clauses (like if the temperature exceeded ‘Z’ degrees, one party would offer another a rebate of ‘Y’ dollars on their deal). They soon became popular enough to be included by exchanges as easily tradable futures, options, swaps and options on futures contracts. CME today offers weather derivatives specific to locations - US cities like Des Moines or Las Vegas and global cities in Europe and Asia – for temperature specific products. Weather derivatives quantify how much the temperature varies from the monthly or seasonal average in a designated city/region. The variations are scaled to dollar-weighted indexes, allowing a quantified dollar value for temperature variations. Contracts are linked to the index for heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) based on set temperature threshold of 65° F in the US (18° C in Europe). These values indicate a quantum of available resources needed for heating or cooling. If the temperature goes below this threshold to say 35° F indicating heating requirement, then HDD value is 30 (65-35) and CDD value is zero as no cooling is required. For temperatures above this 65° F threshold, say at 85° F, HDD will be zero as no heating is required, while CDD value will be 20 (85-65). Each contract is valued for each day (or month) by multiplying the HDD or CDD value by $20. For the first case (HDD = 30 and CDD = 0), HDD contract value will be $600 and CDD will be zero. For second case (HDD = 0 and CDD = 20), HDD contract value will be zero and CDD contract will be $400. Using the above mechanism, one can take appropriate trading positions for mitigating temperature specific risks, as perceived by their respective businesses. Weather vs. Commodity Derivatives One important point that differentiates utilities/commodity derivatives (power, electricity, agricultural) and weather derivatives is that the former set allows hedging on price based on a specific volume, while the latter offers to hedge the actual utilization or the yield, independent of the volume. E.g., one can lock the price of X barrels of crude oil or X bushels of corn by buying oil futures or corn futures, respectively. But getting into weather derivatives allows hedging the overall risk for yield and utilization. Temperature dipping below 10 degrees will result in complete damage to wheat crop; rain on weekends in Las Vegas will impact city tours. Hence, a combination of weather and commodity derivatives is best for overall risk mitigation. The Bottom Line The weather derivative market has grown globally, with big investment coming from a variety of participants. Weather instruments are a useful medium to mitigate risks for weather specific conditions. Depending upon the needs, specific weather derivatives or a balanced combination of weather and traditional commodity derivatives can be utilized for hedging
[ [ "weather derivatives", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/weatherderivative.asp" ], [ "Speculators", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculator.asp" ], [ "arbitrageurs", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/arbitrageur.asp" ], [ "market makers", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketmaker.asp" ], [ "HDD", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/heatingdegreeday.asp" ], [ "CDD", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/colddegreeday.asp" ], [ "commodity", "https://www.investopedia.com/investing/commodities-trading-overview/" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/taxes/capital-gains-tax-101/
Capital Gains Tax 101
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> It’s easy to get caught up in choosing investments and forget about the tax consequences—particularly, the capital gains tax. After all, picking the right stock or mutual fund can be challenging enough without worrying about <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/after_tax_return.asp">after-tax returns</a>. Likewise, selling a home can be a daunting task, even before you consider the tax bill. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Still, figuring taxes into your overall strategy—and timing when you buy and sell—is crucial to getting the most out of your investments. Here, we look at the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital_gains_tax.asp">capital gains tax</a> and what you can do to minimize it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A capital gain occurs when you sell an asset for a price higher than its basis.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span></li><li>If you hold an investment for more than a year before selling, your profit is considered a long-term gain and is taxed at a lower rate.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span></li><li>Investments held for less than a year are taxed at the higher, short-term capital gain rate.</li><li>To limit capital gains taxes, you can invest for the long-term, use tax-advantaged retirement accounts, and offset capital gains with capital losses.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-capital-gains-tax"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Capital Gains Tax? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Just as the government wants a cut of your income, it also expects a cut when you realize a profit—aka a "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgain.asp">capital gain</a>"—on your investments. That cut is the capital gains tax. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> For tax purposes, it’s helpful to understand the difference between <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unrealizedgain.asp">unrealized gains</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedprofit.asp">realized gains</a>. An unrealized gain is a potential profit that exists on paper—an increase in the value of an asset or investment you own but haven't yet sold for cash.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> For example, say you buy some stock in a company, and a year later, it’s worth 15% more than you paid for it. Although your investment has increased in value by 15%, that gain is unrealized since you still own the stock. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> On the other hand, a gain becomes realized when you sell the asset or investment at a profit—that is, for more than its <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costbasis.asp">basis</a>. For instance, you realize a gain of $5,000 if you sell that stock for $25,000 after paying $20,000 for it. A tax on capital gains only happens when an asset is sold or "realized." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Investors can also have unrealized and realized losses. An unrealized loss is a decrease in the value of an asset or investment you own but haven't yet sold—a potential loss that exists on paper. A realized loss happens when you sell an asset or investment for less than you paid for it (i.e., at a loss).</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-assets-qualify-for-capital-gains-treatment"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Which Assets Qualify for Capital Gains Treatment? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Capital gains taxes apply to what are known as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalasset.asp">capital assets</a>. Examples of capital assets include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <li>Stocks</li> <li>Bonds</li> <li>Digital assets, like virtual currencies, stablecoins, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/nft-tax-guide-5222726">non-fungible tokens (NFTs)</a></li> <li>Gems and jewelry</li> <li>Your home</li> <li>Household furnishings</li> <li>Your vehicle</li> <li>Gold, silver, and other metals</li> <li>Coin and stamp collections</li> <li>Timber grown on your home property or investment property<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> However, not every capital asset you own will qualify for capital gains treatment. Examples of noncapital assets include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <li>Business inventory  </li><li>Accounts receivable acquired in the ordinary course of business</li><li>Depreciable business property</li><li>Real property (real estate) used in your trade or business as rental property<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Also excluded from capital gains treatment are certain self-created intangibles, such as: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> <li>Copyrights</li><li>Literary, musical, or artistic compositions</li><li>Letters, memoranda, or similar property (e.g., drafts of speeches, recordings, transcripts, manuscripts, drawings, and photographs)</li><li>A patent, invention, model, design (patented or not), or secret formula<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/taxes/how-gop-tax-bill-affects-you/">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act</a> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/taxes/trumps-tax-reform-plan-explained/">(TCJA)</a>, passed in December 2017, excludes patents, inventions, models, designs (patented or not), and any secret formulas sold after Dec. 31, 2017, from being treated as capital assets for capital gain/capital loss tax purposes.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-the-capital-gains-tax-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How the Capital Gains Tax Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Say you bought 100 shares of XYZ Corp. stock at $20 per share and sold them more than a year later for $50 per share. Let’s also assume that you fall into the income category where your long-term gains are taxed at 15%. The table below summarizes how your gains from XYZ stock are affected.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 65px;"></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="2">How Capital Gains Affect Earnings</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td>Bought 100 shares @ $20</td> <td>$2,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sold 100 shares @ $50</td> <td>$5,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Capital gain</td> <td>$3,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Capital gain taxed @ 15%</td> <td>$450</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Profit after tax</td> <td>$2,550</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> In this example, $450 of your profit will go to the government. But it could be worse. Had you held the stock for one year or less (making your capital gain a short-term one), your profit would have been taxed at your ordinary income tax rate, which can be as high as 37% for tax years 2023 and 2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span> And that’s not counting any additional state taxes. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-short-term-vs-long-term-capital-gains"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Short-Term vs. Long-Term Capital Gains </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> The tax you’ll pay on a capital gain depends on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/101515/comparing-longterm-vs-shortterm-capital-gain-tax-rates.asp">how long you hold the asset</a> before selling it.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> Assets you hold for more than one year qualify for the more favorable <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long-term_capital_gain_loss.asp">long-term capital gains</a> rates. In contrast, gains on investments you’ve held for one year or less are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/short-term-gain.asp">short-term capital gains</a>, which are taxed at your higher, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/ordinaryincome.asp">ordinary income</a> tax rate (there are limited exceptions to the one-year holding-period rule).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> The tax system in the U.S. benefits long-term investors. Short-term investments are almost always taxed at a higher rate than long-term investments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-capital-gains-tax-rates-for-2023-and-2024"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023 and 2024 </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> Short-term capital gains are taxed at ordinary income tax rates up to 37% (the seven marginal tax brackets are 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%). By contrast, long-term capital gains are taxed at different, generally lower rates.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span> The capital gains rates are 0%, 15%, and 20%, depending on your taxable income. Here's a breakdown for tax years 2023 and 2024:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="4">Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023</th> </tr> <tr> <th><b>Filing Status</b></th> <th><b>0%</b></th> <th><b>15%</b></th> <th><b>20%</b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>Single</td> <td>Up to $44,625</td> <td>$44, 626 to $492,300</td> <td>Over $492,300</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Head of household</td> <td>Up to $59,750</td> <td>$59,751 to $523,050</td> <td>Over $523,050</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Married filing jointly or surviving spouse</td> <td>Up to $89,250</td> <td>$89,251 to $553,850</td> <td>Over $553,850</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Married filing separately</td> <td>Up to $44,625</td> <td>$44,626 to $276,900</td> <td>Over $276,900</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="4">Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2024</th> </tr> <tr> <th><b>Filing Status</b></th> <th><b>0%</b></th> <th><b>15%</b></th> <th><b>20%</b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>Single</td> <td>Up to $47,025</td> <td>$47,026 to $518,900</td> <td>Over $518,900</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Head of household</td> <td>Up to $63,000</td> <td>$63,001 to $551, 350</td> <td>Over $551,350</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Married filing jointly or surviving spouse</td> <td>Up to $94,050</td> <td>$94,051 to $583,750</td> <td>Over $583,750</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Married filing separately</td> <td>Up to $47,025</td> <td>$47,026 to $291,850</td> <td>Over $291, 850</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> Although marginal <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp">tax brackets</a> have changed over the years, historically the maximum tax on ordinary income has almost always been significantly higher than the maximum rate on capital gains.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> Not all capital gains are taxed according to the standard 0%/15%/20% schedule. Here are some exceptions where capital gains may be taxed at higher rates than 20%: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> <li>Gains on collectibles, such as artworks and stamp collections, are taxed at a maximum 28% rate.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> Currently, it is unclear whether the IRS could ultimately <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/nft-tax-guide-5222726">treat some NFTs as collectibles</a> for tax purposes.</li> <li>The taxable portion of gain on the sale of qualified small business stock (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/section-1202.asp">Section 1202</a> stock) is also taxed at a maximum 28% rate.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span></li> <li>The portion of any <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unrecaptured-1250-gain.asp">unrecaptured Section 1250 gain</a> from selling <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/section1250.asp">Section 1250 real property</a> is taxed at a maximum 25% rate.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-you-calculate-capital-gains-on-the-sale-of-property"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Do You Calculate Capital Gains on the Sale of Property? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> The amount of capital gains you pay on the sale of property depends on whether the property is your principal residence (and how long you lived there) or a rental or investment property. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> Due to a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/capitalgainhomesale.asp">special exclusion</a>, capital gains on the sale of a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/principal-residence-exclusion-definition-5211698">principal residence</a> are taxed differently than other types of real estate. Basically, if you sell your main home and have a capital gain, you can exclude up to $250,000 of that gain from your income, provided you owned and lived in the home for two years or more out of the last five years. (The years don't have to be consecutive.) For <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mfj.asp">married couples filing jointly</a>, the exclusion is $500,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> Let's say you and your spouse purchased your home for $400,000 and lived in it for seven years. If you now sell it for $675,000, your profit is $275,000, which means that you won't owe the IRS any capital gains taxes on the sale, given the $500,000 exclusion for married couples. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> However, a rental property doesn't qualify for the same exclusion on capital gains taxes as a primary residence does. If you sell a rental property that you've owned for more than a year and for a higher price than you paid for it, the IRS requires that you pay a 25% <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depreciationrecapture.asp">depreciation recapture</a> on the portion of your profit that you previously deducted as depreciation. You'll also have to pay long-term capital gains on the profit balance at a rate of 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income—assuming you have owned the property for more than a year. If you've owned if for less time than that, any profit you make will be taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> It is possible to reduce your capital gains tax on the sale of a rental property if you plan ahead—for example, by establishing it as your primary residence for at least two years prior to any sale. Consult a tax expert for advice on other methods. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-net-investment-income-tax"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Net Investment Income Tax </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> In addition to regular capital gains tax, some taxpayers are subject to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/netinvestmentincome.asp">net investment income (NII)</a> tax. It imposes an additional 3.8% tax on your investment income, including your capital gains,<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span> if your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp">modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)</a> is greater than: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> <li>$250,000 if married filing jointly or a qualifying widow(er) with a child</li><li>$200,000 if single or a head of household</li><li>$125,000 if married filing separately<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-calculate-long-term-capital-gains-tax"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Calculate Long-Term Capital Gains Tax </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> Most individuals figure their tax (or have pros do it for them) using software that automatically makes the computations. You can also use a capital gains calculator to get a rough idea. Several free calculators are available online. Still, if you want to crunch the numbers yourself, here's the basic method for calculating capital gains tax: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <li><strong>Determine your basis</strong>. The basis is generally the purchase price plus any commissions or fees you paid. The basis can be adjusted up or down for stock splits and dividends.</li> <li><strong>Determine your realized amount</strong>. This is the sale price minus any commissions or fees you paid.</li> <li><strong>Subtract the basis</strong> (what you paid) from the realized amount (what you sold it for) to determine the difference. This is the capital gain (or loss).</li> <li><strong>Determine your tax</strong>.<strong> </strong>If you have a capital gain, multiply the amount by the appropriate tax rate to determine your capital gains tax for the asset (remember that tax rates differ depending on your taxable income and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/101515/comparing-longterm-vs-shortterm-capital-gain-tax-rates.asp">how long you held the asset</a> before you sold it). If you have a capital loss, you may be able to use the loss to offset capital gains.</li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-minimize-or-avoid-capital-gains-tax"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Minimize or Avoid Capital Gains Tax </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> There are a number of ways to minimize or even avoid capital gains taxes. Here's a look at five of the more common strategies: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 1. Invest for the Long Term  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> You will pay the lowest capital gains tax rate if you find great companies and hold their stock long-term. Of course, this is easier said than done. A company’s fortunes can change over the years, and there are many reasons why you <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/when_to_sell.asp">might want or need to sell</a> earlier than you originally anticipated. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 2. Take Advantage of Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> When you invest your money through a retirement plan, such as a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k)</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/403bplan.asp">403(b)</a>, or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp">individual retirement account (IRA)</a>, it will grow without being subject to immediate taxes. You can also buy and sell investments within your retirement account without triggering capital gains tax.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> In the case of traditional retirement accounts, your gains will be taxed as ordinary income when you withdraw money, but by then, you may be in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/062116/retirement-taxes-5-ways-save-money.asp">lower tax bracket</a> than when you were working.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> With <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rothira.asp">Roth IRA</a> accounts. However, the money you withdraw will be tax-free—as long as you follow the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/roth-ira-withdrawal-rules-4769951">relevant rules</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> For investments outside of these accounts, it might behoove investors near retirement to wait until they stop working to sell. If their retirement income is low enough, their capital gains tax bill might be reduced, or they may be able to avoid paying any capital gains tax. But if they’re already in one of the “no-pay” brackets, there’s a key factor to keep in mind: If the capital gain is large enough, it <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgainsyield.asp">could increase their total taxable income</a> to a level where they would incur a tax bill on their gains. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>Capital losses can offset your capital gains as well as a portion of your regular income. Any amount left over after what you are allowed to claim for one year can be carried over to future years.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span></p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 3. Use Capital Losses to Offset Gains  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"> If you experience an investment loss, you can take advantage of it by decreasing the tax on your gains on other investments. Say you own two stocks, one worth 10% more than you paid for it, while the other is worth 5% less. If you sold both stocks, the loss on the one would reduce the capital gains tax that you would owe on the other. Obviously, in an ideal situation, all of your investments would appreciate, but losses do happen, and this is one way to get some benefit from them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"> If your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalloss.asp">capital losses</a> exceed your capital gains, you can use up to $3,000 of it to offset ordinary income for the year. After that, you can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital-loss-carryover.asp">carry over the loss</a> to future tax years until it is exhausted.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 4. Watch Your Holding Periods  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"> If you are selling a security that you bought about a year ago, be sure to find out the trade date of the purchase. Waiting a few days or weeks to qualify for long-term capital gains treatment might be a wise move as long as the investment's price is holding relatively steady. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> 5. Pick Your Cost Basis  </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"> When you’ve acquired shares in the same company or mutual fund at different times and prices, you’ll need to determine your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/060313/what-determines-your-cost-basis.asp">cost basis</a> for the shares you sell. Although investors typically use the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fifo.asp">first in, first out (FIFO)</a> method to calculate cost basis, there are four other methods available: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lifo.asp">last in, first out (LIFO)</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dollar-value-lifo.asp">dollar-value LIFO</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/specific-share-identification.asp">specific share identification</a>, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/averagecostmethod.asp">average cost</a> (only for mutual fund shares).<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"> If you’re selling a substantial holding, it could be worth consulting a tax advisor to determine which method makes the most sense. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-will-i-owe-capital-gains-tax-if-i-sell-my-home"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Will I Owe Capital Gains Tax if I Sell My Home?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you have less than a $250,000 gain on the sale of your home (or $500,000 if you’re married filing jointly), you will not have to pay capital gains tax on the sale of your home. You must have lived in the home for at least two of the previous five years to qualify for the exemption (which is allowable once every two years). If your gain exceeds the exemption amount, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the excess.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-i-calculate-my-basis-in-a-capital-asset"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How do I Calculate My Basis in a Capital Asset?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>For most assets, your basis is your capital investment in the asset. For example, it is your purchase price plus additional costs that you incurred, such as commissions, recording fees, or transfer fees. Your adjusted basis can then be calculated by adding to your basis any costs that you’ve incurred for additional improvements and subtracting depreciation that you’ve deducted in the past and any insurance reimbursements that have been paid out to you.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_110-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-will-capital-gains-tax-rates-change-for-2024"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Will Capital Gains Tax Rates Change for 2024?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Capital gains tax rates are the same in 2024 as they were in 2023: 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income. The higher your income, the higher your rate. While the tax rates remain unchanged for 2024, the income required to qualify for each bracket goes up to adjust for inflation. The maximum zero-rate taxable income amount is $94,050 for married filing jointly and surviving spouses, $63,000 for heads of household, and $47,025 for single or married filing separately taxpayers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"> Although the tax tail should not wag the entire financial dog, it’s important to take taxes into account as part of your investing strategy. Minimizing the capital gains taxes you have to pay—for example, by holding investments for more than a year before you sell them—is one easy way to boost your after-tax returns. </p></div>
It’s easy to get caught up in choosing investments and forget about the tax consequences—particularly, the capital gains tax. After all, picking the right stock or mutual fund can be challenging enough without worrying about [after-tax returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/after_tax_return.asp). Likewise, selling a home can be a daunting task, even before you consider the tax bill. Still, figuring taxes into your overall strategy—and timing when you buy and sell—is crucial to getting the most out of your investments. Here, we look at the [capital gains tax](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital_gains_tax.asp) and what you can do to minimize it. ### Key Takeaways * A capital gain occurs when you sell an asset for a price higher than its basis. * If you hold an investment for more than a year before selling, your profit is considered a long-term gain and is taxed at a lower rate. * Investments held for less than a year are taxed at the higher, short-term capital gain rate. * To limit capital gains taxes, you can invest for the long-term, use tax-advantaged retirement accounts, and offset capital gains with capital losses. ## What Is a Capital Gains Tax? Just as the government wants a cut of your income, it also expects a cut when you realize a profit—aka a "[capital gain](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgain.asp)"—on your investments. That cut is the capital gains tax. For tax purposes, it’s helpful to understand the difference between [unrealized gains](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unrealizedgain.asp) and [realized gains](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedprofit.asp). An unrealized gain is a potential profit that exists on paper—an increase in the value of an asset or investment you own but haven't yet sold for cash. For example, say you buy some stock in a company, and a year later, it’s worth 15% more than you paid for it. Although your investment has increased in value by 15%, that gain is unrealized since you still own the stock. On the other hand, a gain becomes realized when you sell the asset or investment at a profit—that is, for more than its [basis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costbasis.asp). For instance, you realize a gain of $5,000 if you sell that stock for $25,000 after paying $20,000 for it. A tax on capital gains only happens when an asset is sold or "realized." ### Investors can also have unrealized and realized losses. An unrealized loss is a decrease in the value of an asset or investment you own but haven't yet sold—a potential loss that exists on paper. A realized loss happens when you sell an asset or investment for less than you paid for it (i.e., at a loss). ## Which Assets Qualify for Capital Gains Treatment? Capital gains taxes apply to what are known as [capital assets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalasset.asp). Examples of capital assets include: * Stocks * Bonds * Digital assets, like virtual currencies, stablecoins, and [non-fungible tokens (NFTs)](https://www.investopedia.com/nft-tax-guide-5222726) * Gems and jewelry * Your home * Household furnishings * Your vehicle * Gold, silver, and other metals * Coin and stamp collections * Timber grown on your home property or investment property However, not every capital asset you own will qualify for capital gains treatment. Examples of noncapital assets include: * Business inventory * Accounts receivable acquired in the ordinary course of business * Depreciable business property * Real property (real estate) used in your trade or business as rental property Also excluded from capital gains treatment are certain self-created intangibles, such as: * Copyrights * Literary, musical, or artistic compositions * Letters, memoranda, or similar property (e.g., drafts of speeches, recordings, transcripts, manuscripts, drawings, and photographs) * A patent, invention, model, design (patented or not), or secret formula ### The [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](https://www.investopedia.com/taxes/how-gop-tax-bill-affects-you/) [(TCJA)](https://www.investopedia.com/taxes/trumps-tax-reform-plan-explained/), passed in December 2017, excludes patents, inventions, models, designs (patented or not), and any secret formulas sold after Dec. 31, 2017, from being treated as capital assets for capital gain/capital loss tax purposes. ## How the Capital Gains Tax Works Say you bought 100 shares of XYZ Corp. stock at $20 per share and sold them more than a year later for $50 per share. Let’s also assume that you fall into the income category where your long-term gains are taxed at 15%. The table below summarizes how your gains from XYZ stock are affected. | How Capital Gains Affect Earnings | | | --- | --- | | Bought 100 shares @ $20 | $2,000 | | Sold 100 shares @ $50 | $5,000 | | Capital gain | $3,000 | | Capital gain taxed @ 15% | $450 | | Profit after tax | $2,550 | In this example, $450 of your profit will go to the government. But it could be worse. Had you held the stock for one year or less (making your capital gain a short-term one), your profit would have been taxed at your ordinary income tax rate, which can be as high as 37% for tax years 2023 and 2024. And that’s not counting any additional state taxes. ## Short-Term vs. Long-Term Capital Gains The tax you’ll pay on a capital gain depends on [how long you hold the asset](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/101515/comparing-longterm-vs-shortterm-capital-gain-tax-rates.asp) before selling it. Assets you hold for more than one year qualify for the more favorable [long-term capital gains](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long-term_capital_gain_loss.asp) rates. In contrast, gains on investments you’ve held for one year or less are [short-term capital gains](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/short-term-gain.asp), which are taxed at your higher, [ordinary income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/ordinaryincome.asp) tax rate (there are limited exceptions to the one-year holding-period rule). The tax system in the U.S. benefits long-term investors. Short-term investments are almost always taxed at a higher rate than long-term investments. ## Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023 and 2024 Short-term capital gains are taxed at ordinary income tax rates up to 37% (the seven marginal tax brackets are 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%). By contrast, long-term capital gains are taxed at different, generally lower rates. The capital gains rates are 0%, 15%, and 20%, depending on your taxable income. Here's a breakdown for tax years 2023 and 2024: | Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023 | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **Filing Status** | **0%** | **15%** | **20%** | | Single | Up to $44,625 | $44, 626 to $492,300 | Over $492,300 | | Head of household | Up to $59,750 | $59,751 to $523,050 | Over $523,050 | | Married filing jointly or surviving spouse | Up to $89,250 | $89,251 to $553,850 | Over $553,850 | | Married filing separately | Up to $44,625 | $44,626 to $276,900 | Over $276,900 | | Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2024 | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **Filing Status** | **0%** | **15%** | **20%** | | Single | Up to $47,025 | $47,026 to $518,900 | Over $518,900 | | Head of household | Up to $63,000 | $63,001 to $551, 350 | Over $551,350 | | Married filing jointly or surviving spouse | Up to $94,050 | $94,051 to $583,750 | Over $583,750 | | Married filing separately | Up to $47,025 | $47,026 to $291,850 | Over $291, 850 | Although marginal [tax brackets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp) have changed over the years, historically the maximum tax on ordinary income has almost always been significantly higher than the maximum rate on capital gains. Not all capital gains are taxed according to the standard 0%/15%/20% schedule. Here are some exceptions where capital gains may be taxed at higher rates than 20%: * Gains on collectibles, such as artworks and stamp collections, are taxed at a maximum 28% rate. Currently, it is unclear whether the IRS could ultimately [treat some NFTs as collectibles](https://www.investopedia.com/nft-tax-guide-5222726) for tax purposes. * The taxable portion of gain on the sale of qualified small business stock ([Section 1202](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/section-1202.asp) stock) is also taxed at a maximum 28% rate. * The portion of any [unrecaptured Section 1250 gain](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unrecaptured-1250-gain.asp) from selling [Section 1250 real property](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/section1250.asp) is taxed at a maximum 25% rate. ## How Do You Calculate Capital Gains on the Sale of Property? The amount of capital gains you pay on the sale of property depends on whether the property is your principal residence (and how long you lived there) or a rental or investment property. Due to a [special exclusion](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/capitalgainhomesale.asp), capital gains on the sale of a [principal residence](https://www.investopedia.com/principal-residence-exclusion-definition-5211698) are taxed differently than other types of real estate. Basically, if you sell your main home and have a capital gain, you can exclude up to $250,000 of that gain from your income, provided you owned and lived in the home for two years or more out of the last five years. (The years don't have to be consecutive.) For [married couples filing jointly](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mfj.asp), the exclusion is $500,000. Let's say you and your spouse purchased your home for $400,000 and lived in it for seven years. If you now sell it for $675,000, your profit is $275,000, which means that you won't owe the IRS any capital gains taxes on the sale, given the $500,000 exclusion for married couples. However, a rental property doesn't qualify for the same exclusion on capital gains taxes as a primary residence does. If you sell a rental property that you've owned for more than a year and for a higher price than you paid for it, the IRS requires that you pay a 25% [depreciation recapture](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depreciationrecapture.asp) on the portion of your profit that you previously deducted as depreciation. You'll also have to pay long-term capital gains on the profit balance at a rate of 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income—assuming you have owned the property for more than a year. If you've owned if for less time than that, any profit you make will be taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. It is possible to reduce your capital gains tax on the sale of a rental property if you plan ahead—for example, by establishing it as your primary residence for at least two years prior to any sale. Consult a tax expert for advice on other methods. ## Net Investment Income Tax In addition to regular capital gains tax, some taxpayers are subject to the [net investment income (NII)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/netinvestmentincome.asp) tax. It imposes an additional 3.8% tax on your investment income, including your capital gains, if your [modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp) is greater than: * $250,000 if married filing jointly or a qualifying widow(er) with a child * $200,000 if single or a head of household * $125,000 if married filing separately ## How to Calculate Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Most individuals figure their tax (or have pros do it for them) using software that automatically makes the computations. You can also use a capital gains calculator to get a rough idea. Several free calculators are available online. Still, if you want to crunch the numbers yourself, here's the basic method for calculating capital gains tax: 1. **Determine your basis**. The basis is generally the purchase price plus any commissions or fees you paid. The basis can be adjusted up or down for stock splits and dividends. 2. **Determine your realized amount**. This is the sale price minus any commissions or fees you paid. 3. **Subtract the basis** (what you paid) from the realized amount (what you sold it for) to determine the difference. This is the capital gain (or loss). 4. **Determine your tax**.If you have a capital gain, multiply the amount by the appropriate tax rate to determine your capital gains tax for the asset (remember that tax rates differ depending on your taxable income and [how long you held the asset](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/101515/comparing-longterm-vs-shortterm-capital-gain-tax-rates.asp) before you sold it). If you have a capital loss, you may be able to use the loss to offset capital gains. ## How to Minimize or Avoid Capital Gains Tax There are a number of ways to minimize or even avoid capital gains taxes. Here's a look at five of the more common strategies: ### 1. Invest for the Long Term You will pay the lowest capital gains tax rate if you find great companies and hold their stock long-term. Of course, this is easier said than done. A company’s fortunes can change over the years, and there are many reasons why you [might want or need to sell](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/when_to_sell.asp) earlier than you originally anticipated. ### 2. Take Advantage of Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans When you invest your money through a retirement plan, such as a [401(k)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp), [403(b)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/403bplan.asp), or [individual retirement account (IRA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ira.asp), it will grow without being subject to immediate taxes. You can also buy and sell investments within your retirement account without triggering capital gains tax. In the case of traditional retirement accounts, your gains will be taxed as ordinary income when you withdraw money, but by then, you may be in a [lower tax bracket](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/062116/retirement-taxes-5-ways-save-money.asp) than when you were working. With [Roth IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rothira.asp) accounts. However, the money you withdraw will be tax-free—as long as you follow the [relevant rules](https://www.investopedia.com/roth-ira-withdrawal-rules-4769951). For investments outside of these accounts, it might behoove investors near retirement to wait until they stop working to sell. If their retirement income is low enough, their capital gains tax bill might be reduced, or they may be able to avoid paying any capital gains tax. But if they’re already in one of the “no-pay” brackets, there’s a key factor to keep in mind: If the capital gain is large enough, it [could increase their total taxable income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalgainsyield.asp) to a level where they would incur a tax bill on their gains. ### Capital losses can offset your capital gains as well as a portion of your regular income. Any amount left over after what you are allowed to claim for one year can be carried over to future years. ### 3. Use Capital Losses to Offset Gains If you experience an investment loss, you can take advantage of it by decreasing the tax on your gains on other investments. Say you own two stocks, one worth 10% more than you paid for it, while the other is worth 5% less. If you sold both stocks, the loss on the one would reduce the capital gains tax that you would owe on the other. Obviously, in an ideal situation, all of your investments would appreciate, but losses do happen, and this is one way to get some benefit from them. If your [capital losses](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalloss.asp) exceed your capital gains, you can use up to $3,000 of it to offset ordinary income for the year. After that, you can [carry over the loss](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital-loss-carryover.asp) to future tax years until it is exhausted. ### 4. Watch Your Holding Periods If you are selling a security that you bought about a year ago, be sure to find out the trade date of the purchase. Waiting a few days or weeks to qualify for long-term capital gains treatment might be a wise move as long as the investment's price is holding relatively steady. ### 5. Pick Your Cost Basis When you’ve acquired shares in the same company or mutual fund at different times and prices, you’ll need to determine your [cost basis](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/060313/what-determines-your-cost-basis.asp) for the shares you sell. Although investors typically use the [first in, first out (FIFO)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fifo.asp) method to calculate cost basis, there are four other methods available: [last in, first out (LIFO)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lifo.asp), [dollar-value LIFO](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dollar-value-lifo.asp), [specific share identification](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/specific-share-identification.asp), and [average cost](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/averagecostmethod.asp) (only for mutual fund shares). If you’re selling a substantial holding, it could be worth consulting a tax advisor to determine which method makes the most sense. ## Will I Owe Capital Gains Tax if I Sell My Home? If you have less than a $250,000 gain on the sale of your home (or $500,000 if you’re married filing jointly), you will not have to pay capital gains tax on the sale of your home. You must have lived in the home for at least two of the previous five years to qualify for the exemption (which is allowable once every two years). If your gain exceeds the exemption amount, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the excess. ## How do I Calculate My Basis in a Capital Asset? For most assets, your basis is your capital investment in the asset. For example, it is your purchase price plus additional costs that you incurred, such as commissions, recording fees, or transfer fees. Your adjusted basis can then be calculated by adding to your basis any costs that you’ve incurred for additional improvements and subtracting depreciation that you’ve deducted in the past and any insurance reimbursements that have been paid out to you. ## Will Capital Gains Tax Rates Change for 2024? Capital gains tax rates are the same in 2024 as they were in 2023: 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income. The higher your income, the higher your rate. While the tax rates remain unchanged for 2024, the income required to qualify for each bracket goes up to adjust for inflation. The maximum zero-rate taxable income amount is $94,050 for married filing jointly and surviving spouses, $63,000 for heads of household, and $47,025 for single or married filing separately taxpayers. ## The Bottom Line Although the tax tail should not wag the entire financial dog, it’s important to take taxes into account as part of your investing strategy. Minimizing the capital gains taxes you have to pay—for example, by holding investments for more than a year before you sell them—is one easy way to boost your after-tax returns.
It’s easy to get caught up in choosing investments and forget about the tax consequences—particularly, the capital gains tax. After all, picking the right stock or mutual fund can be challenging enough without worrying about after-tax returns. Likewise, selling a home can be a daunting task, even before you consider the tax bill. Still, figuring taxes into your overall strategy—and timing when you buy and sell—is crucial to getting the most out of your investments. Here, we look at the capital gains tax and what you can do to minimize it. Key Takeaways A capital gain occurs when you sell an asset for a price higher than its basis.If you hold an investment for more than a year before selling, your profit is considered a long-term gain and is taxed at a lower rate.Investments held for less than a year are taxed at the higher, short-term capital gain rate.To limit capital gains taxes, you can invest for the long-term, use tax-advantaged retirement accounts, and offset capital gains with capital losses. What Is a Capital Gains Tax? Just as the government wants a cut of your income, it also expects a cut when you realize a profit—aka a "capital gain"—on your investments. That cut is the capital gains tax. For tax purposes, it’s helpful to understand the difference between unrealized gains and realized gains. An unrealized gain is a potential profit that exists on paper—an increase in the value of an asset or investment you own but haven't yet sold for cash. For example, say you buy some stock in a company, and a year later, it’s worth 15% more than you paid for it. Although your investment has increased in value by 15%, that gain is unrealized since you still own the stock. On the other hand, a gain becomes realized when you sell the asset or investment at a profit—that is, for more than its basis. For instance, you realize a gain of $5,000 if you sell that stock for $25,000 after paying $20,000 for it. A tax on capital gains only happens when an asset is sold or "realized." Investors can also have unrealized and realized losses. An unrealized loss is a decrease in the value of an asset or investment you own but haven't yet sold—a potential loss that exists on paper. A realized loss happens when you sell an asset or investment for less than you paid for it (i.e., at a loss). Which Assets Qualify for Capital Gains Treatment? Capital gains taxes apply to what are known as capital assets. Examples of capital assets include: Stocks Bonds Digital assets, like virtual currencies, stablecoins, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) Gems and jewelry Your home Household furnishings Your vehicle Gold, silver, and other metals Coin and stamp collections Timber grown on your home property or investment property However, not every capital asset you own will qualify for capital gains treatment. Examples of noncapital assets include: Business inventory  Accounts receivable acquired in the ordinary course of businessDepreciable business propertyReal property (real estate) used in your trade or business as rental property Also excluded from capital gains treatment are certain self-created intangibles, such as: CopyrightsLiterary, musical, or artistic compositionsLetters, memoranda, or similar property (e.g., drafts of speeches, recordings, transcripts, manuscripts, drawings, and photographs)A patent, invention, model, design (patented or not), or secret formula The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), passed in December 2017, excludes patents, inventions, models, designs (patented or not), and any secret formulas sold after Dec. 31, 2017, from being treated as capital assets for capital gain/capital loss tax purposes. How the Capital Gains Tax Works Say you bought 100 shares of XYZ Corp. stock at $20 per share and sold them more than a year later for $50 per share. Let’s also assume that you fall into the income category where your long-term gains are taxed at 15%. The table below summarizes how your gains from XYZ stock are affected. How Capital Gains Affect Earnings Bought 100 shares @ $20 $2,000 Sold 100 shares @ $50 $5,000 Capital gain $3,000 Capital gain taxed @ 15% $450 Profit after tax $2,550 In this example, $450 of your profit will go to the government. But it could be worse. Had you held the stock for one year or less (making your capital gain a short-term one), your profit would have been taxed at your ordinary income tax rate, which can be as high as 37% for tax years 2023 and 2024. And that’s not counting any additional state taxes. Short-Term vs. Long-Term Capital Gains The tax you’ll pay on a capital gain depends on how long you hold the asset before selling it. Assets you hold for more than one year qualify for the more favorable long-term capital gains rates. In contrast, gains on investments you’ve held for one year or less are short-term capital gains, which are taxed at your higher, ordinary income tax rate (there are limited exceptions to the one-year holding-period rule). The tax system in the U.S. benefits long-term investors. Short-term investments are almost always taxed at a higher rate than long-term investments. Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023 and 2024 Short-term capital gains are taxed at ordinary income tax rates up to 37% (the seven marginal tax brackets are 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%). By contrast, long-term capital gains are taxed at different, generally lower rates. The capital gains rates are 0%, 15%, and 20%, depending on your taxable income. Here's a breakdown for tax years 2023 and 2024: Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023 Filing Status 0% 15% 20% Single Up to $44,625 $44, 626 to $492,300 Over $492,300 Head of household Up to $59,750 $59,751 to $523,050 Over $523,050 Married filing jointly or surviving spouse Up to $89,250 $89,251 to $553,850 Over $553,850 Married filing separately Up to $44,625 $44,626 to $276,900 Over $276,900 Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2024 Filing Status 0% 15% 20% Single Up to $47,025 $47,026 to $518,900 Over $518,900 Head of household Up to $63,000 $63,001 to $551, 350 Over $551,350 Married filing jointly or surviving spouse Up to $94,050 $94,051 to $583,750 Over $583,750 Married filing separately Up to $47,025 $47,026 to $291,850 Over $291, 850 Although marginal tax brackets have changed over the years, historically the maximum tax on ordinary income has almost always been significantly higher than the maximum rate on capital gains. Not all capital gains are taxed according to the standard 0%/15%/20% schedule. Here are some exceptions where capital gains may be taxed at higher rates than 20%: Gains on collectibles, such as artworks and stamp collections, are taxed at a maximum 28% rate. Currently, it is unclear whether the IRS could ultimately treat some NFTs as collectibles for tax purposes. The taxable portion of gain on the sale of qualified small business stock (Section 1202 stock) is also taxed at a maximum 28% rate. The portion of any unrecaptured Section 1250 gain from selling Section 1250 real property is taxed at a maximum 25% rate. How Do You Calculate Capital Gains on the Sale of Property? The amount of capital gains you pay on the sale of property depends on whether the property is your principal residence (and how long you lived there) or a rental or investment property. Due to a special exclusion, capital gains on the sale of a principal residence are taxed differently than other types of real estate. Basically, if you sell your main home and have a capital gain, you can exclude up to $250,000 of that gain from your income, provided you owned and lived in the home for two years or more out of the last five years. (The years don't have to be consecutive.) For married couples filing jointly, the exclusion is $500,000. Let's say you and your spouse purchased your home for $400,000 and lived in it for seven years. If you now sell it for $675,000, your profit is $275,000, which means that you won't owe the IRS any capital gains taxes on the sale, given the $500,000 exclusion for married couples. However, a rental property doesn't qualify for the same exclusion on capital gains taxes as a primary residence does. If you sell a rental property that you've owned for more than a year and for a higher price than you paid for it, the IRS requires that you pay a 25% depreciation recapture on the portion of your profit that you previously deducted as depreciation. You'll also have to pay long-term capital gains on the profit balance at a rate of 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income—assuming you have owned the property for more than a year. If you've owned if for less time than that, any profit you make will be taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. It is possible to reduce your capital gains tax on the sale of a rental property if you plan ahead—for example, by establishing it as your primary residence for at least two years prior to any sale. Consult a tax expert for advice on other methods. Net Investment Income Tax In addition to regular capital gains tax, some taxpayers are subject to the net investment income (NII) tax. It imposes an additional 3.8% tax on your investment income, including your capital gains, if your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is greater than: $250,000 if married filing jointly or a qualifying widow(er) with a child$200,000 if single or a head of household$125,000 if married filing separately How to Calculate Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Most individuals figure their tax (or have pros do it for them) using software that automatically makes the computations. You can also use a capital gains calculator to get a rough idea. Several free calculators are available online. Still, if you want to crunch the numbers yourself, here's the basic method for calculating capital gains tax: Determine your basis. The basis is generally the purchase price plus any commissions or fees you paid. The basis can be adjusted up or down for stock splits and dividends. Determine your realized amount. This is the sale price minus any commissions or fees you paid. Subtract the basis (what you paid) from the realized amount (what you sold it for) to determine the difference. This is the capital gain (or loss). Determine your tax. If you have a capital gain, multiply the amount by the appropriate tax rate to determine your capital gains tax for the asset (remember that tax rates differ depending on your taxable income and how long you held the asset before you sold it). If you have a capital loss, you may be able to use the loss to offset capital gains. How to Minimize or Avoid Capital Gains Tax There are a number of ways to minimize or even avoid capital gains taxes. Here's a look at five of the more common strategies: 1. Invest for the Long Term  You will pay the lowest capital gains tax rate if you find great companies and hold their stock long-term. Of course, this is easier said than done. A company’s fortunes can change over the years, and there are many reasons why you might want or need to sell earlier than you originally anticipated. 2. Take Advantage of Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans  When you invest your money through a retirement plan, such as a 401(k), 403(b), or individual retirement account (IRA), it will grow without being subject to immediate taxes. You can also buy and sell investments within your retirement account without triggering capital gains tax. In the case of traditional retirement accounts, your gains will be taxed as ordinary income when you withdraw money, but by then, you may be in a lower tax bracket than when you were working. With Roth IRA accounts. However, the money you withdraw will be tax-free—as long as you follow the relevant rules. For investments outside of these accounts, it might behoove investors near retirement to wait until they stop working to sell. If their retirement income is low enough, their capital gains tax bill might be reduced, or they may be able to avoid paying any capital gains tax. But if they’re already in one of the “no-pay” brackets, there’s a key factor to keep in mind: If the capital gain is large enough, it could increase their total taxable income to a level where they would incur a tax bill on their gains. Capital losses can offset your capital gains as well as a portion of your regular income. Any amount left over after what you are allowed to claim for one year can be carried over to future years. 3. Use Capital Losses to Offset Gains  If you experience an investment loss, you can take advantage of it by decreasing the tax on your gains on other investments. Say you own two stocks, one worth 10% more than you paid for it, while the other is worth 5% less. If you sold both stocks, the loss on the one would reduce the capital gains tax that you would owe on the other. Obviously, in an ideal situation, all of your investments would appreciate, but losses do happen, and this is one way to get some benefit from them. If your capital losses exceed your capital gains, you can use up to $3,000 of it to offset ordinary income for the year. After that, you can carry over the loss to future tax years until it is exhausted. 4. Watch Your Holding Periods  If you are selling a security that you bought about a year ago, be sure to find out the trade date of the purchase. Waiting a few days or weeks to qualify for long-term capital gains treatment might be a wise move as long as the investment's price is holding relatively steady. 5. Pick Your Cost Basis  When you’ve acquired shares in the same company or mutual fund at different times and prices, you’ll need to determine your cost basis for the shares you sell. Although investors typically use the first in, first out (FIFO) method to calculate cost basis, there are four other methods available: last in, first out (LIFO), dollar-value LIFO, specific share identification, and average cost (only for mutual fund shares). If you’re selling a substantial holding, it could be worth consulting a tax advisor to determine which method makes the most sense. Will I Owe Capital Gains Tax if I Sell My Home? If you have less than a $250,000 gain on the sale of your home (or $500,000 if you’re married filing jointly), you will not have to pay capital gains tax on the sale of your home. You must have lived in the home for at least two of the previous five years to qualify for the exemption (which is allowable once every two years). If your gain exceeds the exemption amount, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the excess. How do I Calculate My Basis in a Capital Asset? For most assets, your basis is your capital investment in the asset. For example, it is your purchase price plus additional costs that you incurred, such as commissions, recording fees, or transfer fees. Your adjusted basis can then be calculated by adding to your basis any costs that you’ve incurred for additional improvements and subtracting depreciation that you’ve deducted in the past and any insurance reimbursements that have been paid out to you. Will Capital Gains Tax Rates Change for 2024? Capital gains tax rates are the same in 2024 as they were in 2023: 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income. The higher your income, the higher your rate. While the tax rates remain unchanged for 2024, the income required to qualify for each bracket goes up to adjust for inflation. The maximum zero-rate taxable income amount is $94,050 for married filing jointly and surviving spouses, $63,000 for heads of household, and $47,025 for single or married filing separately taxpayers. The Bottom Line Although the tax tail should not wag the entire financial dog, it’s important to take taxes into account as part of your investing strategy. Minimizing the capital gains taxes you have to pay—for example, by holding investments for more than a year before you sell them—is one easy way to boost your after-tax returns.
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https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-hold-near-1-month-low-may-13-2024-8647358
Mortgage Rates Hold Near 1-Month Low
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Rates on 30-year loans kept steady Friday at 7.08%, just a couple of basis points above their lowest level since early April. Rates for most other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943">mortgage types</a> were also relatively flat.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Editor's Note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><p>As of May 1, our daily mortgage rate averages have been provided via the Zillow Mortgage API. As this involves a different rate source as well as a new methodology, our current averages will not directly align with those we published prior to May 1, 2024. All the historical data and analysis in this article and future articles are also based on this new data source.</p></div></div></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:76.1%;"> <img alt="Line graph showing the last 90 days of the 30-year new purchase mortgage rate average - May 13, 2024" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vYh1eDOXnXlkFRurVsOmvcxayFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-13-e3da5abd94b14ab98f74dc372b0976b1.png" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vYh1eDOXnXlkFRurVsOmvcxayFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-13-e3da5abd94b14ab98f74dc372b0976b1.png" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/u8Vg3JA9sL31fN6sJUttyW842vA=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-13-e3da5abd94b14ab98f74dc372b0976b1.png 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1888" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="2480"/> <noscript> <img alt="Line graph showing the last 90 days of the 30-year new purchase mortgage rate average - May 13, 2024" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1888" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vYh1eDOXnXlkFRurVsOmvcxayFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-13-e3da5abd94b14ab98f74dc372b0976b1.png" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/u8Vg3JA9sL31fN6sJUttyW842vA=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-13-e3da5abd94b14ab98f74dc372b0976b1.png 750w" width="2480"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style="width: 168px;"></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">National Rate Averages for Top 5 Mortgage Types</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>Loan Type</b></td> <td><b>New Purchase</b></td> <td><b>Refinance</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.08%</td> <td>7.48%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.92%</td> <td>6.60%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.25%</td> <td>6.40%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5/6 ARM</td> <td>8.10%</td> <td>8.33%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.17%</td> <td>7.21%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><sup><sub><em><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.zillow.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API</a></em></sub></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>National averages based on a minimum 20% down payment and an applicant credit score of 680 to 739.</figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Since rates vary widely across lenders, it's always smart to shop around for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943">your best mortgage option</a> and compare rates regularly no matter the type of home loan you seek. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block mntl-sc-block--credible-rate-table--mortgage" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><span class="comp prm-external-component-tools mntl-external-component" id="prm-external-component-tools_1-0"><div id="credible-block"></div> </span></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"><a class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Compare the Best Mortgage Rates Today - May 21, 2024</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-todays-mortgage-rate-averages-new-purchase"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Today's Mortgage Rate Averages: New Purchase </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> After surging in late April to a five-month high, rates on 30-year new purchase loans have since fallen. Friday's 30-year average held firm at 7.08%, keeping it near the one-month low of 7.06% registered last Monday—and still notably below the April peak of 7.37%. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Rates on 30-year mortgages remain elevated vs. early February, when the flagship average dipped as low as 6.36%. But rates are considerably cheaper than when the 30-year average hit a historic 23-year high of 8.01% in October. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/FJTfC/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="30-Year Mortgage Rates Since June 2021"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> New purchase 15-year mortgage rates also marked time Friday, tacking on a single basis point. The 15-year average is now 6.25%—about a tenth of a percentage point above its one-month low. Today's 15-year rates are considerably more affordable than last fall's 7.08% average—a peak since 2000. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Jumbo 30-year rates similarly added just 1 basis point Friday, taking the jumbo 30-year average to 7.17%. That's an eighth of a percentage point below the recent five-month peak of 7.30%. Though daily historical jumbo rates are not published before 2009, it's estimated the 8.14% peak reached last fall was the most expensive jumbo 30-year average in 20-plus years. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Rate movement across all new purchase loan types was relatively flat, with the biggest change being a minor 3 basis points. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">National Mortgage Rate Averages - New Purchase Loans</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>Loan Type</b></td> <td><b>New Purchase Average</b></td> <td><b>Daily Change</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.08%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.92%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.44%</td> <td>+0.02</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.79%</td> <td>+0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.25%</td> <td>+0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.28%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.16%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7/6 ARM</td> <td>8.02%</td> <td>+0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5/6 ARM</td> <td>8.10%</td> <td>+0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.17%</td> <td>+0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.13%</td> <td>+0.03</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 7/6 ARM</td> <td>7.92%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 5/6 ARM</td> <td>7.93%</td> <td>+0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td><sup><sub><em><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.zillow.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API</a></em></sub></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/kn9CT/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_2-0" title="90-Day Ranges of Best Mortgage Rates"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-weekly-freddie-mac-average"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Weekly Freddie Mac Average </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Every Thursday, Freddie Mac publishes a weekly average of 30-year mortgage rates. Last week's reading fell 13 basis points to 7.09%, marking its first decline since late March.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> Back in October, however, Freddie Mac's average reached a historic 23-year peak of 7.79%. It later dropped significantly, registering a low point of 6.60% in mid-January. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> Freddie Mac’s average differs from what we report for 30-year rates because Freddie Mac calculates a <em>weekly</em> average that blends five previous days of rates. In contrast, our Investopedia 30-year average is a daily reading, offering a more precise and timely indicator of rate movement. In addition, the criteria for included loans (e.g., amount of down payment, credit score, inclusion of discount points) varies between Freddie Mac's methodology and our own. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Today's Mortgage Rate Averages: Refinancing </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Refinancing averages were also largely steady Friday, though a few loan types saw a moderate increase. The 30-year refi average gained 7 basis points, extending the spread between 30-year new purchase and refi rates to 40 basis points. The 15-year refi average also shot up, adding 12 basis points, while the jumbo 30-year refi average climbed 8 points. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">National Mortgage Rate Averages - Refinance Loans</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>Loan Type</b></td> <td><b>Refinance Average</b></td> <td><b>Daily Change</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.48%</td> <td>+0.07</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.60%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.35%</td> <td>+0.05</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.04%</td> <td>+0.05</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.40%</td> <td>+0.12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.33%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-Year Fixed</td> <td>5.96%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7/6 ARM</td> <td>8.30%</td> <td>-0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5/6 ARM</td> <td>8.33%</td> <td>-0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.21%</td> <td>+0.08</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.15%</td> <td>-0.03</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 7/6 ARM</td> <td>8.02%</td> <td>No Change</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 5/6 ARM</td> <td>7.97%</td> <td>+0.03</td> </tr> <tr> <td><sup><sub><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.zillow.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API</a></sub></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Calculate monthly payments for different loan scenarios with our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-calculator-5084794">Mortgage Calculator</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>The rates you see here generally won’t compare directly with teaser rates you see advertised online, since those rates are cherry-picked as the most attractive, while these rates are averages. Teaser rates may involve paying points in advance, or they may be based on a hypothetical borrower with an ultra-high credit score or for a smaller-than-typical loan. The mortgage rate you ultimately secure will be based on factors like your credit score, income, and more, so it can vary from the averages you see here.</p></div></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block mntl-sc-block--mortgage-loan-calculator" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"><div class="comp mortgage-loan-calculator mntl-block" data-defer="load" id="mortgage-loan-calculator_1-0"></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-mortgage-rates-by-state"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Mortgage Rates by State </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> The lowest mortgage rates available vary depending on the state where originations occur. Mortgage rates can be influenced by state-level variations in credit score, average mortgage loan type, and size, in addition to individual lenders' varying risk management strategies. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> The states with the cheapest 30-year new purchase rates Friday were New York, Alaska, North Carolina, Texas, and Wisconsin, while the states with the highest average rates were Washington, D.C.; West Virginia; Maryland; Iowa; and Virginia. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/E9mUJ/1/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_3-0" title="Mortgage Rates by State"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-causes-mortgage-rates-to-rise-or-fall"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Causes Mortgage Rates to Rise or Fall? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> Mortgage rates are determined by a complex interaction of macroeconomic and industry factors, such as: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <li>The level and direction of the bond market, especially 10-year Treasury yields</li> <li>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp">Federal Reserve's</a> current monetary policy, especially as it relates to bond buying and funding government-backed mortgages</li> <li>Competition between <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-mortgage-lenders-5076852">mortgage lenders and across loan types</a></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Because fluctuations can be caused by any number of these at once, it's generally difficult to attribute the change to any one factor. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> Macroeconomic factors kept the mortgage market relatively low for much of 2021. In particular, the Federal Reserve had been buying billions of dollars of bonds in response to the pandemic's economic pressures. This <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060115/how-do-open-market-operations-omos-affect-bond-prices.asp">bond-buying policy</a> is a major influencer of mortgage rates. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"> But starting in November 2021, the Fed began tapering its bond purchases downward, making sizable reductions each month until reaching net zero in March 2022.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> Between that time and July 2023, the Fed aggressively raised the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp">federal funds rate</a> to fight decades-high inflation. While the fed funds rate can influence mortgage rates, it does not directly do so. In fact, the fed funds rate and mortgage rates can move in opposite directions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> But given the historic speed and magnitude of the Fed's 2022 and 2023 rate increases—raising the benchmark rate 5.25 percentage points over 16 months—even the indirect influence of the fed funds rate has resulted in a dramatic upward impact on mortgage rates over the last two years. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> The Fed has been maintaining the federal funds rate at its current level since July, with a sixth consecutive rate hold announced May 1.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> Although inflation has come down considerably, it is still above the Fed's target level of 2%. Until the central bank feels confident inflation is falling sufficiently and sustainably, it has said it's hesitant to start cutting rates. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> The Fed will hold five more meetings this year, with the next one scheduled to conclude June 12.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-track-mortgage-rates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Track Mortgage Rates </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> The national and state averages cited above are provided as is via the Zillow Mortgage API, assuming a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loantovalue.asp">loan-to-value (LTV) ratio</a> of 80% (i.e., a down payment of at least 20%) and an applicant credit score in the 680–739 range. The resulting rates are representative of what customers should expect to see when receiving actual quotes from lenders based on their qualifications, which may vary from advertised teaser rates. © Zillow, Inc., 2024. Use is subject to the Zillow Terms of Use. </p></div>
Rates on 30-year loans kept steady Friday at 7.08%, just a couple of basis points above their lowest level since early April. Rates for most other [mortgage types](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943) were also relatively flat. ### Editor's Note As of May 1, our daily mortgage rate averages have been provided via the Zillow Mortgage API. As this involves a different rate source as well as a new methodology, our current averages will not directly align with those we published prior to May 1, 2024. All the historical data and analysis in this article and future articles are also based on this new data source. ![Line graph showing the last 90 days of the 30-year new purchase mortgage rate average - May 13, 2024]() ![Line graph showing the last 90 days of the 30-year new purchase mortgage rate average - May 13, 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/vYh1eDOXnXlkFRurVsOmvcxayFM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-13-e3da5abd94b14ab98f74dc372b0976b1.png) | National Rate Averages for Top 5 Mortgage Types | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **Loan Type** | **New Purchase** | **Refinance** | | 30-Year Fixed | 7.08% | 7.48% | | FHA 30-Year Fixed | 6.92% | 6.60% | | 15-Year Fixed | 6.25% | 6.40% | | 5/6 ARM | 8.10% | 8.33% | | Jumbo 30-Year Fixed | 7.17% | 7.21% | | *[Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API](https://www.zillow.com/)* | | | National averages based on a minimum 20% down payment and an applicant credit score of 680 to 739. Since rates vary widely across lenders, it's always smart to shop around for [your best mortgage option](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943) and compare rates regularly no matter the type of home loan you seek. [Compare the Best Mortgage Rates Today - May 21, 2024](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-rates-5094943) ## Today's Mortgage Rate Averages: New Purchase After surging in late April to a five-month high, rates on 30-year new purchase loans have since fallen. Friday's 30-year average held firm at 7.08%, keeping it near the one-month low of 7.06% registered last Monday—and still notably below the April peak of 7.37%. Rates on 30-year mortgages remain elevated vs. early February, when the flagship average dipped as low as 6.36%. But rates are considerably cheaper than when the 30-year average hit a historic 23-year high of 8.01% in October. New purchase 15-year mortgage rates also marked time Friday, tacking on a single basis point. The 15-year average is now 6.25%—about a tenth of a percentage point above its one-month low. Today's 15-year rates are considerably more affordable than last fall's 7.08% average—a peak since 2000. Jumbo 30-year rates similarly added just 1 basis point Friday, taking the jumbo 30-year average to 7.17%. That's an eighth of a percentage point below the recent five-month peak of 7.30%. Though daily historical jumbo rates are not published before 2009, it's estimated the 8.14% peak reached last fall was the most expensive jumbo 30-year average in 20-plus years. Rate movement across all new purchase loan types was relatively flat, with the biggest change being a minor 3 basis points. | National Mortgage Rate Averages - New Purchase Loans | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **Loan Type** | **New Purchase Average** | **Daily Change** | | 30-Year Fixed | 7.08% | No Change | | FHA 30-Year Fixed | 6.92% | No Change | | VA 30-Year Fixed | 6.44% | +0.02 | | 20-Year Fixed | 6.79% | +0.01 | | 15-Year Fixed | 6.25% | +0.01 | | FHA 15-Year Fixed | 7.28% | No Change | | 10-Year Fixed | 6.16% | No Change | | 7/6 ARM | 8.02% | +0.01 | | 5/6 ARM | 8.10% | +0.01 | | Jumbo 30-Year Fixed | 7.17% | +0.01 | | Jumbo 15-Year Fixed | 7.13% | +0.03 | | Jumbo 7/6 ARM | 7.92% | No Change | | Jumbo 5/6 ARM | 7.93% | +0.01 | | *[Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API](https://www.zillow.com/)* | | | ## The Weekly Freddie Mac Average Every Thursday, Freddie Mac publishes a weekly average of 30-year mortgage rates. Last week's reading fell 13 basis points to 7.09%, marking its first decline since late March. Back in October, however, Freddie Mac's average reached a historic 23-year peak of 7.79%. It later dropped significantly, registering a low point of 6.60% in mid-January. Freddie Mac’s average differs from what we report for 30-year rates because Freddie Mac calculates a *weekly* average that blends five previous days of rates. In contrast, our Investopedia 30-year average is a daily reading, offering a more precise and timely indicator of rate movement. In addition, the criteria for included loans (e.g., amount of down payment, credit score, inclusion of discount points) varies between Freddie Mac's methodology and our own. ### Today's Mortgage Rate Averages: Refinancing Refinancing averages were also largely steady Friday, though a few loan types saw a moderate increase. The 30-year refi average gained 7 basis points, extending the spread between 30-year new purchase and refi rates to 40 basis points. The 15-year refi average also shot up, adding 12 basis points, while the jumbo 30-year refi average climbed 8 points. | National Mortgage Rate Averages - Refinance Loans | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **Loan Type** | **Refinance Average** | **Daily Change** | | 30-Year Fixed | 7.48% | +0.07 | | FHA 30-Year Fixed | 6.60% | No Change | | VA 30-Year Fixed | 6.35% | +0.05 | | 20-Year Fixed | 7.04% | +0.05 | | 15-Year Fixed | 6.40% | +0.12 | | FHA 15-Year Fixed | 6.33% | No Change | | 10-Year Fixed | 5.96% | No Change | | 7/6 ARM | 8.30% | -0.01 | | 5/6 ARM | 8.33% | -0.01 | | Jumbo 30-Year Fixed | 7.21% | +0.08 | | Jumbo 15-Year Fixed | 7.15% | -0.03 | | Jumbo 7/6 ARM | 8.02% | No Change | | Jumbo 5/6 ARM | 7.97% | +0.03 | | [Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API](https://www.zillow.com/) | | | Calculate monthly payments for different loan scenarios with our [Mortgage Calculator](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-calculator-5084794). ### The rates you see here generally won’t compare directly with teaser rates you see advertised online, since those rates are cherry-picked as the most attractive, while these rates are averages. Teaser rates may involve paying points in advance, or they may be based on a hypothetical borrower with an ultra-high credit score or for a smaller-than-typical loan. The mortgage rate you ultimately secure will be based on factors like your credit score, income, and more, so it can vary from the averages you see here. ## Mortgage Rates by State The lowest mortgage rates available vary depending on the state where originations occur. Mortgage rates can be influenced by state-level variations in credit score, average mortgage loan type, and size, in addition to individual lenders' varying risk management strategies. The states with the cheapest 30-year new purchase rates Friday were New York, Alaska, North Carolina, Texas, and Wisconsin, while the states with the highest average rates were Washington, D.C.; West Virginia; Maryland; Iowa; and Virginia. ## What Causes Mortgage Rates to Rise or Fall? Mortgage rates are determined by a complex interaction of macroeconomic and industry factors, such as: * The level and direction of the bond market, especially 10-year Treasury yields * The [Federal Reserve's](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservebank.asp) current monetary policy, especially as it relates to bond buying and funding government-backed mortgages * Competition between [mortgage lenders and across loan types](https://www.investopedia.com/best-mortgage-lenders-5076852) Because fluctuations can be caused by any number of these at once, it's generally difficult to attribute the change to any one factor. Macroeconomic factors kept the mortgage market relatively low for much of 2021. In particular, the Federal Reserve had been buying billions of dollars of bonds in response to the pandemic's economic pressures. This [bond-buying policy](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060115/how-do-open-market-operations-omos-affect-bond-prices.asp) is a major influencer of mortgage rates. But starting in November 2021, the Fed began tapering its bond purchases downward, making sizable reductions each month until reaching net zero in March 2022. Between that time and July 2023, the Fed aggressively raised the [federal funds rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalfundsrate.asp) to fight decades-high inflation. While the fed funds rate can influence mortgage rates, it does not directly do so. In fact, the fed funds rate and mortgage rates can move in opposite directions. But given the historic speed and magnitude of the Fed's 2022 and 2023 rate increases—raising the benchmark rate 5.25 percentage points over 16 months—even the indirect influence of the fed funds rate has resulted in a dramatic upward impact on mortgage rates over the last two years. The Fed has been maintaining the federal funds rate at its current level since July, with a sixth consecutive rate hold announced May 1. Although inflation has come down considerably, it is still above the Fed's target level of 2%. Until the central bank feels confident inflation is falling sufficiently and sustainably, it has said it's hesitant to start cutting rates. The Fed will hold five more meetings this year, with the next one scheduled to conclude June 12. ## How We Track Mortgage Rates The national and state averages cited above are provided as is via the Zillow Mortgage API, assuming a [loan-to-value (LTV) ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loantovalue.asp) of 80% (i.e., a down payment of at least 20%) and an applicant credit score in the 680–739 range. The resulting rates are representative of what customers should expect to see when receiving actual quotes from lenders based on their qualifications, which may vary from advertised teaser rates. © Zillow, Inc., 2024. Use is subject to the Zillow Terms of Use.
Rates on 30-year loans kept steady Friday at 7.08%, just a couple of basis points above their lowest level since early April. Rates for most other mortgage types were also relatively flat. Editor's Note As of May 1, our daily mortgage rate averages have been provided via the Zillow Mortgage API. As this involves a different rate source as well as a new methodology, our current averages will not directly align with those we published prior to May 1, 2024. All the historical data and analysis in this article and future articles are also based on this new data source. National Rate Averages for Top 5 Mortgage Types Loan Type New Purchase Refinance 30-Year Fixed 7.08% 7.48% FHA 30-Year Fixed 6.92% 6.60% 15-Year Fixed 6.25% 6.40% 5/6 ARM 8.10% 8.33% Jumbo 30-Year Fixed 7.17% 7.21% Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API National averages based on a minimum 20% down payment and an applicant credit score of 680 to 739. Since rates vary widely across lenders, it's always smart to shop around for your best mortgage option and compare rates regularly no matter the type of home loan you seek. Compare the Best Mortgage Rates Today - May 21, 2024 Today's Mortgage Rate Averages: New Purchase After surging in late April to a five-month high, rates on 30-year new purchase loans have since fallen. Friday's 30-year average held firm at 7.08%, keeping it near the one-month low of 7.06% registered last Monday—and still notably below the April peak of 7.37%. Rates on 30-year mortgages remain elevated vs. early February, when the flagship average dipped as low as 6.36%. But rates are considerably cheaper than when the 30-year average hit a historic 23-year high of 8.01% in October. New purchase 15-year mortgage rates also marked time Friday, tacking on a single basis point. The 15-year average is now 6.25%—about a tenth of a percentage point above its one-month low. Today's 15-year rates are considerably more affordable than last fall's 7.08% average—a peak since 2000. Jumbo 30-year rates similarly added just 1 basis point Friday, taking the jumbo 30-year average to 7.17%. That's an eighth of a percentage point below the recent five-month peak of 7.30%. Though daily historical jumbo rates are not published before 2009, it's estimated the 8.14% peak reached last fall was the most expensive jumbo 30-year average in 20-plus years. Rate movement across all new purchase loan types was relatively flat, with the biggest change being a minor 3 basis points. National Mortgage Rate Averages - New Purchase Loans Loan Type New Purchase Average Daily Change 30-Year Fixed 7.08% No Change FHA 30-Year Fixed 6.92% No Change VA 30-Year Fixed 6.44% +0.02 20-Year Fixed 6.79% +0.01 15-Year Fixed 6.25% +0.01 FHA 15-Year Fixed 7.28% No Change 10-Year Fixed 6.16% No Change 7/6 ARM 8.02% +0.01 5/6 ARM 8.10% +0.01 Jumbo 30-Year Fixed 7.17% +0.01 Jumbo 15-Year Fixed 7.13% +0.03 Jumbo 7/6 ARM 7.92% No Change Jumbo 5/6 ARM 7.93% +0.01 Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API The Weekly Freddie Mac Average Every Thursday, Freddie Mac publishes a weekly average of 30-year mortgage rates. Last week's reading fell 13 basis points to 7.09%, marking its first decline since late March. Back in October, however, Freddie Mac's average reached a historic 23-year peak of 7.79%. It later dropped significantly, registering a low point of 6.60% in mid-January. Freddie Mac’s average differs from what we report for 30-year rates because Freddie Mac calculates a weekly average that blends five previous days of rates. In contrast, our Investopedia 30-year average is a daily reading, offering a more precise and timely indicator of rate movement. In addition, the criteria for included loans (e.g., amount of down payment, credit score, inclusion of discount points) varies between Freddie Mac's methodology and our own. Today's Mortgage Rate Averages: Refinancing Refinancing averages were also largely steady Friday, though a few loan types saw a moderate increase. The 30-year refi average gained 7 basis points, extending the spread between 30-year new purchase and refi rates to 40 basis points. The 15-year refi average also shot up, adding 12 basis points, while the jumbo 30-year refi average climbed 8 points. National Mortgage Rate Averages - Refinance Loans Loan Type Refinance Average Daily Change 30-Year Fixed 7.48% +0.07 FHA 30-Year Fixed 6.60% No Change VA 30-Year Fixed 6.35% +0.05 20-Year Fixed 7.04% +0.05 15-Year Fixed 6.40% +0.12 FHA 15-Year Fixed 6.33% No Change 10-Year Fixed 5.96% No Change 7/6 ARM 8.30% -0.01 5/6 ARM 8.33% -0.01 Jumbo 30-Year Fixed 7.21% +0.08 Jumbo 15-Year Fixed 7.15% -0.03 Jumbo 7/6 ARM 8.02% No Change Jumbo 5/6 ARM 7.97% +0.03 Provided via the Zillow Mortgage API Calculate monthly payments for different loan scenarios with our Mortgage Calculator. The rates you see here generally won’t compare directly with teaser rates you see advertised online, since those rates are cherry-picked as the most attractive, while these rates are averages. Teaser rates may involve paying points in advance, or they may be based on a hypothetical borrower with an ultra-high credit score or for a smaller-than-typical loan. The mortgage rate you ultimately secure will be based on factors like your credit score, income, and more, so it can vary from the averages you see here. Mortgage Rates by State The lowest mortgage rates available vary depending on the state where originations occur. Mortgage rates can be influenced by state-level variations in credit score, average mortgage loan type, and size, in addition to individual lenders' varying risk management strategies. The states with the cheapest 30-year new purchase rates Friday were New York, Alaska, North Carolina, Texas, and Wisconsin, while the states with the highest average rates were Washington, D.C.; West Virginia; Maryland; Iowa; and Virginia. What Causes Mortgage Rates to Rise or Fall? Mortgage rates are determined by a complex interaction of macroeconomic and industry factors, such as: The level and direction of the bond market, especially 10-year Treasury yields The Federal Reserve's current monetary policy, especially as it relates to bond buying and funding government-backed mortgages Competition between mortgage lenders and across loan types Because fluctuations can be caused by any number of these at once, it's generally difficult to attribute the change to any one factor. Macroeconomic factors kept the mortgage market relatively low for much of 2021. In particular, the Federal Reserve had been buying billions of dollars of bonds in response to the pandemic's economic pressures. This bond-buying policy is a major influencer of mortgage rates. But starting in November 2021, the Fed began tapering its bond purchases downward, making sizable reductions each month until reaching net zero in March 2022. Between that time and July 2023, the Fed aggressively raised the federal funds rate to fight decades-high inflation. While the fed funds rate can influence mortgage rates, it does not directly do so. In fact, the fed funds rate and mortgage rates can move in opposite directions. But given the historic speed and magnitude of the Fed's 2022 and 2023 rate increases—raising the benchmark rate 5.25 percentage points over 16 months—even the indirect influence of the fed funds rate has resulted in a dramatic upward impact on mortgage rates over the last two years. The Fed has been maintaining the federal funds rate at its current level since July, with a sixth consecutive rate hold announced May 1. Although inflation has come down considerably, it is still above the Fed's target level of 2%. Until the central bank feels confident inflation is falling sufficiently and sustainably, it has said it's hesitant to start cutting rates. The Fed will hold five more meetings this year, with the next one scheduled to conclude June 12. How We Track Mortgage Rates The national and state averages cited above are provided as is via the Zillow Mortgage API, assuming a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio of 80% (i.e., a down payment of at least 20%) and an applicant credit score in the 680–739 range. The resulting rates are representative of what customers should expect to see when receiving actual quotes from lenders based on their qualifications, which may vary from advertised teaser rates. © Zillow, Inc., 2024. Use is subject to the Zillow Terms of Use.
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https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-buy-fractional-shares-7482606
How to Buy Fractional Shares
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> If you’ve ever wanted to invest in a particular company’s stock, but didn’t have enough money to buy even one share, or you want to effectively diversify your funds, investing in fractional shares might be an affordable way to get started. Fractional shares allow investors to buy a portion, or fraction, of a stock based on a dollar amount that the investor can afford–not based on a particular number of shares. Implementing this type of strategy is propitious for investors who may be starting out with a limited amount of money, but still want to build a diversified portfolio. We’ll take an in-depth look at how investing in fractional shares works and answer the basic questions that investors need to know to get started.        </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-buy-fractional-shares"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Buy Fractional Shares </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> In order to buy fractional shares, you will need to open an investment account through either an online broker or a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roboadvisor-roboadviser.asp">robo-advisor</a>. The main difference between the two is whether you want to have full control over which fractional shares you are investing in, or if you want to have a more hands-off approach. With a robo-advisor, you will be able to set your dollar amount to invest and your investment goals, and based on that, the robo-advisor will choose your fractional share investments and automatically rebalance to keep you within your investment goal range.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <strong>Step 1:</strong> <strong>Research the fractional shares you want to buy.</strong> Fractional share offerings will differ between brokerages, so knowing which stocks you want to be able to invest in via fractional shares can also help determine which brokerage you may want to use.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <strong>Step 2:</strong> <strong>Open an online broker or robo advisor account.</strong> Not all online brokers or robo-advisors offer fractional shares, so you will need to make sure the company you want to go with offers that service. It is also important to remember that every brokerage has slightly different nuances to the way they offer fractional shares, such as:  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <li>Which stocks can be bought in fractional shares</li><li>How trades are executed and settled</li><li>Fees</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <strong>Step 3: Fund the account.</strong> You will need to fund the account once you open it. Many online brokers can be funded via electronic funds transfer, but it still may take a few days for the funds to settle, so you may not be able to invest right away. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <strong>Step 4: Complete and monitor your investment.</strong> Most online accounts make it very easy to monitor your portfolio using the main dashboard. Typically, you are able to see all of your account holdings at a glance, but you may also be able to utilize more advanced options, such as setting up stock alerts or automatic rebalancing, depending on what is offered by your particular online brokerage.   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-compare-top-platforms-for-investing-in-fractional-shares"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Compare Top Platforms for Investing in Fractional Shares </span> </h2> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th> <b>Platform</b></th> <th>Fractional Share Purchases</th> <th><b>Fractional dividend reinvestment</b></th> <th>Available Securities</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1134&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" rel="sponsored nofollow">Fidelity</a></td> <td> Yes</td> <td>Yes </td> <td>More than 7,000 stocks and ETFs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://interactiveadvisors.com/?&amp;dd_pm=none&amp;dd_pm_cat=robo&amp;dd_pm_company=interactive_advisors" rel="sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td> More than 11,000 stocks, ETFs and ADRs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N6036.Investopedia.com/B29101415.354473582;dc_trk_aid=546438013;dc_trk_cid=184464738;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=" rel="sponsored nofollow">Charles Schwab</a></td> <td> Yes</td> <td>Yes </td> <td>All S&amp;P 500 Stocks only, No ETFs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="subid1=${DOC_ID}&amp;subid2=${REQUEST_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://robinhood.c3me6x.net/c/328256/1149283/10402?subid1=4587919&amp;subid2=nd7cc274e6cc64c2d9c211f7f4bd474af20" rel="sponsored nofollow">Robinhood</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>ETFs and stocks above the volume and size thresholds</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-there-a-downside-to-fractional-shares"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is There a Downside to Fractional Shares? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> While there are several benefits to investing in fractional shares, the following drawbacks are also worth considering:   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <strong>Limited stock selection:</strong> Just because a stock is publicly traded does not mean that you will be able to buy fractional shares of it. Each brokerage has their own curated list of stocks that investors can buy fractional shares of. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <strong>Potential problems transferring fractional shares to a different broker:</strong> If you want to transfer your account to another brokerage, you may not be able to transfer the fractional shares. You may need to liquidate any fractional shares in order to transfer. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <strong>Proxy voting may not be an option: </strong>Again, each firm also handles proxy voting differently regarding fractional shares. Make sure you know your company’s policy on this ahead of time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <strong>Additional fees: </strong>Some brokerages charge additional fees for fractional share investing. This can potentially decrease profits, especially for low-dollar investment amounts. Find out if there are fees associated with fractional shares and if they are flat fees or a percentage. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <strong>Trade execution may not take place in real time:</strong> If the brokerage that you are investing with does not settle your trade in real time, that could affect your cost basis. Some firms will settle all the fractional shares in one or more bulk orders rather than settling each order individually. Obviously, prices can fluctuate throughout a trading day, so understanding how this will be settled is important. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <strong>Can complicate tax returns: </strong>Because you are buying fractional shares, and may buy several fractional shares throughout the year, depending on your investment strategy, you may end up holding several different tax lots that may be difficult to match up at tax time. If a stock you own has a dividend that you automatically reinvest, you will have additional tax lots to deal with.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-factors-to-consider-when-investing-in-fractional-shares"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Factors to Consider When Investing in Fractional Shares </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <strong>Selection of stocks and ETFs available for fractional share investing: </strong>Because each online brokerage has its own select list of stocks or ETFs that they offer for fractional share investing, it is important to know this ahead of time. Some firms will offer ETFs, others will not. One company may offer fractional shares of an individual company, while others may not. Be sure to check out each brokerage’s list of fractional share stocks and ETF offerings before opening an account.   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <strong>Fees and commissions: </strong>Some brokerages will be commission-free when it comes to investing in fractional shares, while others may charge additional fees. It is important to find out the brokerage’s policy on this prior to opening an account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <strong>Account minimums: </strong>Many companies have no account minimum to open or maintain the account. Often, investors can buy fractional shares for as low as $1. Balance and investment minimums will differ from broker to broker. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <strong>Research amenities: </strong>Once you open an account with an online broker or robo-advisor, you will have access to research amenities. Brokers will provide analysts’ assessments of companies, which can help you determine which stocks you’d like to invest in.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <strong>Educational content: </strong>Knowing how to invest, what to invest in, and how to reach your financial goals are important. Educational content provided by your brokerage can help you to better understand which investments will help you reach your goals, and even how to better utilize your account amenities to track and monitor your investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-faqs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> FAQs </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-fractional-shares"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are Fractional Shares?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Fractional shares are very simply a portion, or fraction, of a whole share. When investing in fractional shares, you will buy a portion of a stock share. With this strategy, you are investing based on a dollar amount, not an individual stock’s price or certain number of shares. Buying fractional shares provides investors with a lower entry point of accessibility, thereby allowing investors to gain market entry sooner.  </p><p>While the concept of trading in fractional shares has been around since 1999, the strategy really wasn’t widely available—or financially feasible—until 2019. A few low-fee companies offered fractional shares at that time, but this didn’t last very long.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Around 2019, online brokers cut fees drastically to offer low fees or no monthly fees, thus creating a path for investing in fractional shares to become advantageous. Prior to 2019 your portfolio may have had fractional shares, but it was most likely due to a few, limited circumstances: owning <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp">mutual funds</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stocksplit.asp">stock splits</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividendreinvestmentplan.asp">dividend reinvestment programs</a>, or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp">company mergers or acquisitions</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-does-fractional-share-investing-work"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Does Fractional Share Investing Work?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Your experience with investing in fractional shares will differ depending on which brokerage you decide to invest through. Each brokerage has its own guidelines, so finding out exactly what is offered will be important before deciding to invest. </p><p>For example:</p><ul><li>The list of stocks will differ from broker to broker, as well as whether it offers EFTs for fractional share investing.</li><li>Some brokers charge additional fees for fractional shares.</li><li>Some brokers may offer fractional share trading in real time, others may settle all fractional share trades in one or more large orders–which could affect share price, depending on how much the stock price fluctuated throughout the day between order time and trade execution time.</li></ul><p>If you are only buying a fraction of a share, you will also only get a fraction of the dividend, if the stock receives one. For example, if you want to invest in a stock that is trading at $100 per share, you don’t need to have $100 to buy a full share, you can instead invest $25 and own one-fourth of a share. If this same stock happens to get a dividend that is $0.40 per share, you would likewise get one-fourth of the dividend, or $0.10. </p><p>One online brokerage to offer fractional shares is Charles Schwab. Schwab refers to a fractional share as a “slice.” When buying a Schwab stock slice, investors have the choice to buy slices of 30 stocks in companies on the S&amp;P 500 in one transaction.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> These shares can then be held and sold independently. One way to think of it is like investing in a mutual fund, but you have the flexibility to trade the individual stocks, or stock fractions.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-fractional-shares-a-good-idea"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are Fractional Shares a Good Idea?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Buying fractional shares can be beneficial in several ways: affordability, diversification, and dollar cost averaging.</p><p><strong>Affordability:</strong> You don’t have to wait until you have hundreds or thousands of dollars in order to buy enough shares of a stock. You can start investing with many online brokerages in fractional shares with only $1.  </p><p><strong>Diversification:</strong> Investing lower dollar amounts and being able to diversify used to only be available in mutual funds. However, now that many brokerages offer fractional shares, investors can choose which companies they want to invest in, and can trade the fractional shares at any time—unlike a mutual fund, which is bought and sold as a “basket” of stocks. Having the option to only invest in a fractional share allows investors to choose several stocks rather than putting all of their money into just one company in order to purchase a certain amount of whole shares.</p><p><strong><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dollarcostaveraging.asp">Dollar cost averaging</a>:</strong> Because investing in fractional shares is an option, investors can choose to pick a specific dollar amount to invest each month, for instance. By investing on a regular basis, investors can take advantage of price fluctuations in the market while also hedging against risk.  </p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-buy-fractional-shares-through-fidelity"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Buy Fractional Shares Through Fidelity?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, you can buy fractional shares through Fidelity.  With a minimum account balance of $0, and fractional share investing starting at only $1, Fidelity makes it easy to open an account and start investing in fractional shares. In fact, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-etfs-4587875">Investopedia ranks Fidelity as the Best Online Broker for ETFs</a>, so if investing in fractional shares of ETFs is important to you, this company may be a great option. In all, Fidelity offers over 7,000 US stocks and ETFs in which investors can buy fractional shares.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-fractional-shares-make-you-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Fractional Shares Make You Money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Investing in such small dollar amounts may not seem like a way to make money. If you treat this like contributing to an IRA or 401k on a monthly basis, though, your multiple, small investments will add up over time and create a very nice savings account. While one individual purchase is only buying a portion of a stock, or portions of several stocks, investing over months or years will allow those fractional shares to keep building, potentially into several full shares of several stocks.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-buy-exchange-traded-funds-etfs-as-fractional-shares"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Buy Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) as Fractional Shares?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, some companies will offer ETFs as fractional shares. Because each brokerage has different fractional share offerings, it is important to find out if the firm you want to invest with offers ETFs as fractional shares and what other stocks are on its fractional share list.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-fractional-shares-harder-to-sell"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are Fractional Shares Harder to Sell?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The answer to this will depend upon how your brokerage handles the selling of fractional shares. Some brokerage firms do not guarantee liquidity of fractional shares. This will differ from broker to broker, so it is something to consider when choosing which firm you want to invest with. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp">Liquidity</a> refers to the ability to easily sell a stock or security and convert to cash. Even though you can buy fractional shares, you may not be able to sell fractional portions as easily as whole shares.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></p></div> </div></div>
If you’ve ever wanted to invest in a particular company’s stock, but didn’t have enough money to buy even one share, or you want to effectively diversify your funds, investing in fractional shares might be an affordable way to get started. Fractional shares allow investors to buy a portion, or fraction, of a stock based on a dollar amount that the investor can afford–not based on a particular number of shares. Implementing this type of strategy is propitious for investors who may be starting out with a limited amount of money, but still want to build a diversified portfolio. We’ll take an in-depth look at how investing in fractional shares works and answer the basic questions that investors need to know to get started.        ## How to Buy Fractional Shares In order to buy fractional shares, you will need to open an investment account through either an online broker or a [robo-advisor](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roboadvisor-roboadviser.asp). The main difference between the two is whether you want to have full control over which fractional shares you are investing in, or if you want to have a more hands-off approach. With a robo-advisor, you will be able to set your dollar amount to invest and your investment goals, and based on that, the robo-advisor will choose your fractional share investments and automatically rebalance to keep you within your investment goal range.  **Step 1:** **Research the fractional shares you want to buy.** Fractional share offerings will differ between brokerages, so knowing which stocks you want to be able to invest in via fractional shares can also help determine which brokerage you may want to use.  **Step 2:** **Open an online broker or robo advisor account.** Not all online brokers or robo-advisors offer fractional shares, so you will need to make sure the company you want to go with offers that service. It is also important to remember that every brokerage has slightly different nuances to the way they offer fractional shares, such as:  * Which stocks can be bought in fractional shares * How trades are executed and settled * Fees **Step 3: Fund the account.** You will need to fund the account once you open it. Many online brokers can be funded via electronic funds transfer, but it still may take a few days for the funds to settle, so you may not be able to invest right away. **Step 4: Complete and monitor your investment.** Most online accounts make it very easy to monitor your portfolio using the main dashboard. Typically, you are able to see all of your account holdings at a glance, but you may also be able to utilize more advanced options, such as setting up stock alerts or automatic rebalancing, depending on what is offered by your particular online brokerage.   ## Compare Top Platforms for Investing in Fractional Shares | **Platform** | Fractional Share Purchases | **Fractional dividend reinvestment** | Available Securities | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Fidelity](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1134&type=3&subid=0) | Yes | Yes | More than 7,000 stocks and ETFs | | [Interactive Brokers](https://interactiveadvisors.com/?&dd_pm=none&dd_pm_cat=robo&dd_pm_company=interactive_advisors) | Yes | No | More than 11,000 stocks, ETFs and ADRs | | [Charles Schwab](https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N6036.Investopedia.com/B29101415.354473582;dc_trk_aid=546438013;dc_trk_cid=184464738;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=) | Yes | Yes | All S&P 500 Stocks only, No ETFs | | [Robinhood](https://robinhood.c3me6x.net/c/328256/1149283/10402?subid1=4587919&subid2=nd7cc274e6cc64c2d9c211f7f4bd474af20) | Yes | Yes | ETFs and stocks above the volume and size thresholds | ## Is There a Downside to Fractional Shares? While there are several benefits to investing in fractional shares, the following drawbacks are also worth considering:   **Limited stock selection:** Just because a stock is publicly traded does not mean that you will be able to buy fractional shares of it. Each brokerage has their own curated list of stocks that investors can buy fractional shares of. **Potential problems transferring fractional shares to a different broker:** If you want to transfer your account to another brokerage, you may not be able to transfer the fractional shares. You may need to liquidate any fractional shares in order to transfer. **Proxy voting may not be an option:** Again, each firm also handles proxy voting differently regarding fractional shares. Make sure you know your company’s policy on this ahead of time. **Additional fees:** Some brokerages charge additional fees for fractional share investing. This can potentially decrease profits, especially for low-dollar investment amounts. Find out if there are fees associated with fractional shares and if they are flat fees or a percentage. **Trade execution may not take place in real time:** If the brokerage that you are investing with does not settle your trade in real time, that could affect your cost basis. Some firms will settle all the fractional shares in one or more bulk orders rather than settling each order individually. Obviously, prices can fluctuate throughout a trading day, so understanding how this will be settled is important. **Can complicate tax returns:** Because you are buying fractional shares, and may buy several fractional shares throughout the year, depending on your investment strategy, you may end up holding several different tax lots that may be difficult to match up at tax time. If a stock you own has a dividend that you automatically reinvest, you will have additional tax lots to deal with.  ## Factors to Consider When Investing in Fractional Shares **Selection of stocks and ETFs available for fractional share investing:** Because each online brokerage has its own select list of stocks or ETFs that they offer for fractional share investing, it is important to know this ahead of time. Some firms will offer ETFs, others will not. One company may offer fractional shares of an individual company, while others may not. Be sure to check out each brokerage’s list of fractional share stocks and ETF offerings before opening an account.   **Fees and commissions:** Some brokerages will be commission-free when it comes to investing in fractional shares, while others may charge additional fees. It is important to find out the brokerage’s policy on this prior to opening an account. **Account minimums:** Many companies have no account minimum to open or maintain the account. Often, investors can buy fractional shares for as low as $1. Balance and investment minimums will differ from broker to broker. **Research amenities:** Once you open an account with an online broker or robo-advisor, you will have access to research amenities. Brokers will provide analysts’ assessments of companies, which can help you determine which stocks you’d like to invest in.  **Educational content:** Knowing how to invest, what to invest in, and how to reach your financial goals are important. Educational content provided by your brokerage can help you to better understand which investments will help you reach your goals, and even how to better utilize your account amenities to track and monitor your investment. ## FAQs ## What Are Fractional Shares? Fractional shares are very simply a portion, or fraction, of a whole share. When investing in fractional shares, you will buy a portion of a stock share. With this strategy, you are investing based on a dollar amount, not an individual stock’s price or certain number of shares. Buying fractional shares provides investors with a lower entry point of accessibility, thereby allowing investors to gain market entry sooner.   While the concept of trading in fractional shares has been around since 1999, the strategy really wasn’t widely available—or financially feasible—until 2019. A few low-fee companies offered fractional shares at that time, but this didn’t last very long. Around 2019, online brokers cut fees drastically to offer low fees or no monthly fees, thus creating a path for investing in fractional shares to become advantageous. Prior to 2019 your portfolio may have had fractional shares, but it was most likely due to a few, limited circumstances: owning [mutual funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp), [stock splits](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stocksplit.asp), [dividend reinvestment programs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividendreinvestmentplan.asp), or [company mergers or acquisitions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergersandacquisitions.asp). ## How Does Fractional Share Investing Work? Your experience with investing in fractional shares will differ depending on which brokerage you decide to invest through. Each brokerage has its own guidelines, so finding out exactly what is offered will be important before deciding to invest.  For example: * The list of stocks will differ from broker to broker, as well as whether it offers EFTs for fractional share investing. * Some brokers charge additional fees for fractional shares. * Some brokers may offer fractional share trading in real time, others may settle all fractional share trades in one or more large orders–which could affect share price, depending on how much the stock price fluctuated throughout the day between order time and trade execution time. If you are only buying a fraction of a share, you will also only get a fraction of the dividend, if the stock receives one. For example, if you want to invest in a stock that is trading at $100 per share, you don’t need to have $100 to buy a full share, you can instead invest $25 and own one-fourth of a share. If this same stock happens to get a dividend that is $0.40 per share, you would likewise get one-fourth of the dividend, or $0.10.  One online brokerage to offer fractional shares is Charles Schwab. Schwab refers to a fractional share as a “slice.” When buying a Schwab stock slice, investors have the choice to buy slices of 30 stocks in companies on the S&P 500 in one transaction. These shares can then be held and sold independently. One way to think of it is like investing in a mutual fund, but you have the flexibility to trade the individual stocks, or stock fractions. ## Are Fractional Shares a Good Idea? Buying fractional shares can be beneficial in several ways: affordability, diversification, and dollar cost averaging. **Affordability:** You don’t have to wait until you have hundreds or thousands of dollars in order to buy enough shares of a stock. You can start investing with many online brokerages in fractional shares with only $1.   **Diversification:** Investing lower dollar amounts and being able to diversify used to only be available in mutual funds. However, now that many brokerages offer fractional shares, investors can choose which companies they want to invest in, and can trade the fractional shares at any time—unlike a mutual fund, which is bought and sold as a “basket” of stocks. Having the option to only invest in a fractional share allows investors to choose several stocks rather than putting all of their money into just one company in order to purchase a certain amount of whole shares. **[Dollar cost averaging](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dollarcostaveraging.asp):** Because investing in fractional shares is an option, investors can choose to pick a specific dollar amount to invest each month, for instance. By investing on a regular basis, investors can take advantage of price fluctuations in the market while also hedging against risk.   ## Can You Buy Fractional Shares Through Fidelity? Yes, you can buy fractional shares through Fidelity.  With a minimum account balance of $0, and fractional share investing starting at only $1, Fidelity makes it easy to open an account and start investing in fractional shares. In fact, [Investopedia ranks Fidelity as the Best Online Broker for ETFs](https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-etfs-4587875), so if investing in fractional shares of ETFs is important to you, this company may be a great option. In all, Fidelity offers over 7,000 US stocks and ETFs in which investors can buy fractional shares. ## Do Fractional Shares Make You Money? Investing in such small dollar amounts may not seem like a way to make money. If you treat this like contributing to an IRA or 401k on a monthly basis, though, your multiple, small investments will add up over time and create a very nice savings account. While one individual purchase is only buying a portion of a stock, or portions of several stocks, investing over months or years will allow those fractional shares to keep building, potentially into several full shares of several stocks. ## Can You Buy Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) as Fractional Shares? Yes, some companies will offer ETFs as fractional shares. Because each brokerage has different fractional share offerings, it is important to find out if the firm you want to invest with offers ETFs as fractional shares and what other stocks are on its fractional share list. ## Are Fractional Shares Harder to Sell? The answer to this will depend upon how your brokerage handles the selling of fractional shares. Some brokerage firms do not guarantee liquidity of fractional shares. This will differ from broker to broker, so it is something to consider when choosing which firm you want to invest with. [Liquidity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp) refers to the ability to easily sell a stock or security and convert to cash. Even though you can buy fractional shares, you may not be able to sell fractional portions as easily as whole shares.
If you’ve ever wanted to invest in a particular company’s stock, but didn’t have enough money to buy even one share, or you want to effectively diversify your funds, investing in fractional shares might be an affordable way to get started. Fractional shares allow investors to buy a portion, or fraction, of a stock based on a dollar amount that the investor can afford–not based on a particular number of shares. Implementing this type of strategy is propitious for investors who may be starting out with a limited amount of money, but still want to build a diversified portfolio. We’ll take an in-depth look at how investing in fractional shares works and answer the basic questions that investors need to know to get started.        How to Buy Fractional Shares In order to buy fractional shares, you will need to open an investment account through either an online broker or a robo-advisor. The main difference between the two is whether you want to have full control over which fractional shares you are investing in, or if you want to have a more hands-off approach. With a robo-advisor, you will be able to set your dollar amount to invest and your investment goals, and based on that, the robo-advisor will choose your fractional share investments and automatically rebalance to keep you within your investment goal range.  Step 1: Research the fractional shares you want to buy. Fractional share offerings will differ between brokerages, so knowing which stocks you want to be able to invest in via fractional shares can also help determine which brokerage you may want to use.  Step 2: Open an online broker or robo advisor account. Not all online brokers or robo-advisors offer fractional shares, so you will need to make sure the company you want to go with offers that service. It is also important to remember that every brokerage has slightly different nuances to the way they offer fractional shares, such as:  Which stocks can be bought in fractional sharesHow trades are executed and settledFees Step 3: Fund the account. You will need to fund the account once you open it. Many online brokers can be funded via electronic funds transfer, but it still may take a few days for the funds to settle, so you may not be able to invest right away. Step 4: Complete and monitor your investment. Most online accounts make it very easy to monitor your portfolio using the main dashboard. Typically, you are able to see all of your account holdings at a glance, but you may also be able to utilize more advanced options, such as setting up stock alerts or automatic rebalancing, depending on what is offered by your particular online brokerage.   Compare Top Platforms for Investing in Fractional Shares  Platform Fractional Share Purchases Fractional dividend reinvestment Available Securities Fidelity  Yes Yes  More than 7,000 stocks and ETFs Interactive Brokers  Yes  No   More than 11,000 stocks, ETFs and ADRs Charles Schwab  Yes Yes  All S&P 500 Stocks only, No ETFs Robinhood Yes Yes ETFs and stocks above the volume and size thresholds Is There a Downside to Fractional Shares? While there are several benefits to investing in fractional shares, the following drawbacks are also worth considering:   Limited stock selection: Just because a stock is publicly traded does not mean that you will be able to buy fractional shares of it. Each brokerage has their own curated list of stocks that investors can buy fractional shares of. Potential problems transferring fractional shares to a different broker: If you want to transfer your account to another brokerage, you may not be able to transfer the fractional shares. You may need to liquidate any fractional shares in order to transfer. Proxy voting may not be an option: Again, each firm also handles proxy voting differently regarding fractional shares. Make sure you know your company’s policy on this ahead of time. Additional fees: Some brokerages charge additional fees for fractional share investing. This can potentially decrease profits, especially for low-dollar investment amounts. Find out if there are fees associated with fractional shares and if they are flat fees or a percentage. Trade execution may not take place in real time: If the brokerage that you are investing with does not settle your trade in real time, that could affect your cost basis. Some firms will settle all the fractional shares in one or more bulk orders rather than settling each order individually. Obviously, prices can fluctuate throughout a trading day, so understanding how this will be settled is important. Can complicate tax returns: Because you are buying fractional shares, and may buy several fractional shares throughout the year, depending on your investment strategy, you may end up holding several different tax lots that may be difficult to match up at tax time. If a stock you own has a dividend that you automatically reinvest, you will have additional tax lots to deal with.  Factors to Consider When Investing in Fractional Shares Selection of stocks and ETFs available for fractional share investing: Because each online brokerage has its own select list of stocks or ETFs that they offer for fractional share investing, it is important to know this ahead of time. Some firms will offer ETFs, others will not. One company may offer fractional shares of an individual company, while others may not. Be sure to check out each brokerage’s list of fractional share stocks and ETF offerings before opening an account.   Fees and commissions: Some brokerages will be commission-free when it comes to investing in fractional shares, while others may charge additional fees. It is important to find out the brokerage’s policy on this prior to opening an account. Account minimums: Many companies have no account minimum to open or maintain the account. Often, investors can buy fractional shares for as low as $1. Balance and investment minimums will differ from broker to broker. Research amenities: Once you open an account with an online broker or robo-advisor, you will have access to research amenities. Brokers will provide analysts’ assessments of companies, which can help you determine which stocks you’d like to invest in.  Educational content: Knowing how to invest, what to invest in, and how to reach your financial goals are important. Educational content provided by your brokerage can help you to better understand which investments will help you reach your goals, and even how to better utilize your account amenities to track and monitor your investment. FAQs What Are Fractional Shares? Fractional shares are very simply a portion, or fraction, of a whole share. When investing in fractional shares, you will buy a portion of a stock share. With this strategy, you are investing based on a dollar amount, not an individual stock’s price or certain number of shares. Buying fractional shares provides investors with a lower entry point of accessibility, thereby allowing investors to gain market entry sooner.  While the concept of trading in fractional shares has been around since 1999, the strategy really wasn’t widely available—or financially feasible—until 2019. A few low-fee companies offered fractional shares at that time, but this didn’t last very long. Around 2019, online brokers cut fees drastically to offer low fees or no monthly fees, thus creating a path for investing in fractional shares to become advantageous. Prior to 2019 your portfolio may have had fractional shares, but it was most likely due to a few, limited circumstances: owning mutual funds, stock splits, dividend reinvestment programs, or company mergers or acquisitions. How Does Fractional Share Investing Work? Your experience with investing in fractional shares will differ depending on which brokerage you decide to invest through. Each brokerage has its own guidelines, so finding out exactly what is offered will be important before deciding to invest. For example:The list of stocks will differ from broker to broker, as well as whether it offers EFTs for fractional share investing.Some brokers charge additional fees for fractional shares.Some brokers may offer fractional share trading in real time, others may settle all fractional share trades in one or more large orders–which could affect share price, depending on how much the stock price fluctuated throughout the day between order time and trade execution time.If you are only buying a fraction of a share, you will also only get a fraction of the dividend, if the stock receives one. For example, if you want to invest in a stock that is trading at $100 per share, you don’t need to have $100 to buy a full share, you can instead invest $25 and own one-fourth of a share. If this same stock happens to get a dividend that is $0.40 per share, you would likewise get one-fourth of the dividend, or $0.10. One online brokerage to offer fractional shares is Charles Schwab. Schwab refers to a fractional share as a “slice.” When buying a Schwab stock slice, investors have the choice to buy slices of 30 stocks in companies on the S&P 500 in one transaction. These shares can then be held and sold independently. One way to think of it is like investing in a mutual fund, but you have the flexibility to trade the individual stocks, or stock fractions. Are Fractional Shares a Good Idea? Buying fractional shares can be beneficial in several ways: affordability, diversification, and dollar cost averaging.Affordability: You don’t have to wait until you have hundreds or thousands of dollars in order to buy enough shares of a stock. You can start investing with many online brokerages in fractional shares with only $1.  Diversification: Investing lower dollar amounts and being able to diversify used to only be available in mutual funds. However, now that many brokerages offer fractional shares, investors can choose which companies they want to invest in, and can trade the fractional shares at any time—unlike a mutual fund, which is bought and sold as a “basket” of stocks. Having the option to only invest in a fractional share allows investors to choose several stocks rather than putting all of their money into just one company in order to purchase a certain amount of whole shares.Dollar cost averaging: Because investing in fractional shares is an option, investors can choose to pick a specific dollar amount to invest each month, for instance. By investing on a regular basis, investors can take advantage of price fluctuations in the market while also hedging against risk.   Can You Buy Fractional Shares Through Fidelity? Yes, you can buy fractional shares through Fidelity.  With a minimum account balance of $0, and fractional share investing starting at only $1, Fidelity makes it easy to open an account and start investing in fractional shares. In fact, Investopedia ranks Fidelity as the Best Online Broker for ETFs, so if investing in fractional shares of ETFs is important to you, this company may be a great option. In all, Fidelity offers over 7,000 US stocks and ETFs in which investors can buy fractional shares. Do Fractional Shares Make You Money? Investing in such small dollar amounts may not seem like a way to make money. If you treat this like contributing to an IRA or 401k on a monthly basis, though, your multiple, small investments will add up over time and create a very nice savings account. While one individual purchase is only buying a portion of a stock, or portions of several stocks, investing over months or years will allow those fractional shares to keep building, potentially into several full shares of several stocks. Can You Buy Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) as Fractional Shares? Yes, some companies will offer ETFs as fractional shares. Because each brokerage has different fractional share offerings, it is important to find out if the firm you want to invest with offers ETFs as fractional shares and what other stocks are on its fractional share list. Are Fractional Shares Harder to Sell? The answer to this will depend upon how your brokerage handles the selling of fractional shares. Some brokerage firms do not guarantee liquidity of fractional shares. This will differ from broker to broker, so it is something to consider when choosing which firm you want to invest with. Liquidity refers to the ability to easily sell a stock or security and convert to cash. Even though you can buy fractional shares, you may not be able to sell fractional portions as easily as whole shares.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corneramarket.asp
Corner A Market: What it is, How it Works, Legality
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-corner-a-market-mean"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Does "Corner A Market" Mean? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> To corner a market means to acquire enough shares of a particular security type, such as those of a firm in a niche industry, or to hold a significant commodity position to be able to manipulate its price. The term implies that the market has been backed into a corner, and there is nowhere for the market to move to find other sellers and buyers. An investor needs deep pockets to be able to corner a market because it means acquiring significant physical assets. It can also mean to accumulate a major share of economic activity in a particular area. A phone company that dominates 90% of the wireless market could be said to have cornered the market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-corner-a-market"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding "Corner A Market" </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Large institutions can often corner a market through legal means. A company that has cornered the market has a significant <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/competitive_advantage.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">competitive advantage</a> compared to others operating in the same market. However, any time a company has a large <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketshare.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">market share</a>, it may be scrutinized by the Department of Justice's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Antitrust</a> Division—especially if competitors complain.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> Indeed, Microsoft faced such a fate because of its large share of the computer operating system market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> When it comes to cornering the market in shares, bonds, foreign exchange or commodities, the Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulate and monitor the securities and commodities markets, and attempt to prevent and prosecute illegal trading behavior.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cornering-the-market-illegally"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Cornering the Market Illegally </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Most of the time, the idea of cornering the market is associated with illegal activity. Markets are intended to foster competition and allow for competitive price discovery. If someone has cornered a market by limiting the number of willing sellers and buyers, this process breaks down and can require regulatory intervention to restore it. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> One way speculators try to corner a market is by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hoarding.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">hoarding</a> large amounts of physical assets. One of the most famous cases of hoarding occurred in the silver market in the 1970s and early 1980s when three brothers, known as the Hunt Brothers, tried to hoard silver to corner the market and drive up the price. After approximately 10 years the attempt finally failed when the brothers were not able to borrow any more money to continue buying silver. This caused the price of silver to crash when the market realized there were practically no willing silver buyers left apart from the Hunt Brothers. So if they were not able to buy silver, then the price was destined to fall. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Attempts to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mrcopper.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">corner the copper market</a> in the 1990s and other markets over time have also ended without success. </p></div>
## What Does "Corner A Market" Mean? To corner a market means to acquire enough shares of a particular security type, such as those of a firm in a niche industry, or to hold a significant commodity position to be able to manipulate its price. The term implies that the market has been backed into a corner, and there is nowhere for the market to move to find other sellers and buyers. An investor needs deep pockets to be able to corner a market because it means acquiring significant physical assets. It can also mean to accumulate a major share of economic activity in a particular area. A phone company that dominates 90% of the wireless market could be said to have cornered the market. ## Understanding "Corner A Market" Large institutions can often corner a market through legal means. A company that has cornered the market has a significant [competitive advantage](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/competitive_advantage.asp) compared to others operating in the same market. However, any time a company has a large [market share](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketshare.asp), it may be scrutinized by the Department of Justice's [Antitrust](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp) Division—especially if competitors complain. Indeed, Microsoft faced such a fate because of its large share of the computer operating system market. When it comes to cornering the market in shares, bonds, foreign exchange or commodities, the Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulate and monitor the securities and commodities markets, and attempt to prevent and prosecute illegal trading behavior. ## Cornering the Market Illegally Most of the time, the idea of cornering the market is associated with illegal activity. Markets are intended to foster competition and allow for competitive price discovery. If someone has cornered a market by limiting the number of willing sellers and buyers, this process breaks down and can require regulatory intervention to restore it. One way speculators try to corner a market is by [hoarding](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hoarding.asp) large amounts of physical assets. One of the most famous cases of hoarding occurred in the silver market in the 1970s and early 1980s when three brothers, known as the Hunt Brothers, tried to hoard silver to corner the market and drive up the price. After approximately 10 years the attempt finally failed when the brothers were not able to borrow any more money to continue buying silver. This caused the price of silver to crash when the market realized there were practically no willing silver buyers left apart from the Hunt Brothers. So if they were not able to buy silver, then the price was destined to fall. Attempts to [corner the copper market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mrcopper.asp) in the 1990s and other markets over time have also ended without success.
What Does "Corner A Market" Mean? To corner a market means to acquire enough shares of a particular security type, such as those of a firm in a niche industry, or to hold a significant commodity position to be able to manipulate its price. The term implies that the market has been backed into a corner, and there is nowhere for the market to move to find other sellers and buyers. An investor needs deep pockets to be able to corner a market because it means acquiring significant physical assets. It can also mean to accumulate a major share of economic activity in a particular area. A phone company that dominates 90% of the wireless market could be said to have cornered the market. Understanding "Corner A Market" Large institutions can often corner a market through legal means. A company that has cornered the market has a significant competitive advantage compared to others operating in the same market. However, any time a company has a large market share, it may be scrutinized by the Department of Justice's Antitrust Division—especially if competitors complain. Indeed, Microsoft faced such a fate because of its large share of the computer operating system market. When it comes to cornering the market in shares, bonds, foreign exchange or commodities, the Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulate and monitor the securities and commodities markets, and attempt to prevent and prosecute illegal trading behavior. Cornering the Market Illegally Most of the time, the idea of cornering the market is associated with illegal activity. Markets are intended to foster competition and allow for competitive price discovery. If someone has cornered a market by limiting the number of willing sellers and buyers, this process breaks down and can require regulatory intervention to restore it. One way speculators try to corner a market is by hoarding large amounts of physical assets. One of the most famous cases of hoarding occurred in the silver market in the 1970s and early 1980s when three brothers, known as the Hunt Brothers, tried to hoard silver to corner the market and drive up the price. After approximately 10 years the attempt finally failed when the brothers were not able to borrow any more money to continue buying silver. This caused the price of silver to crash when the market realized there were practically no willing silver buyers left apart from the Hunt Brothers. So if they were not able to buy silver, then the price was destined to fall. Attempts to corner the copper market in the 1990s and other markets over time have also ended without success.
[ [ "competitive advantage", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/competitive_advantage.asp" ], [ "market share", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketshare.asp" ], [ "Antitrust", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp" ], [ "hoarding", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hoarding.asp" ], [ "corner the copper market", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mrcopper.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/how-start-personal-loan-business-7567299
How to Start a Personal Loan Business
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> If you’re hoping to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-start-a-business-4689813">start a business</a>, one of the most profitable is offering personal loans to others. However, getting the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/startup.asp">startup</a> cash and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp">investors</a> required can be challenging. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Before you decide to start a personal loan business, it’s important to understand the ins and outs and be prepared for potential setbacks.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A personal loan business can be flexible and profitable.</li><li>You need investors to back a personal loan business, and it can be challenging to find them.</li><li>It’s important to prepare ahead of time with paperwork, including loan documents.</li><li>Federal, state, and local laws can make starting a personal loan business challenging, and you should review necessary information before moving forward.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-decide-whether-a-personal-loan-business-is-right-for-you"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Decide Whether a Personal Loan Business Is Right for You </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Before you move forward with a personal loan business, you need to decide if it’s the right path for you. There are different potential ways to move forward with a personal loan business. Some potential options include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <li><strong>Your own money</strong>: You lend your own money to others. You can choose to provide <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/110614/what-difference-between-secured-and-unsecured-debts.asp">secured loans or unsecured loans</a>. However, you need to have a large amount of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital.asp">capital</a> to get started, since you’re using your own money to move forward. In this case, though, you keep all the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp">interest</a> paid on the loan and can charge what fees you wish.</li> <li><strong>Investor money</strong>: With this type of business, investors provide you with the funds to make loans. The investors receive the interest from the payments, and you receive compensation in the form of a loan fee charge at origination.</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/peer-to-peer-lending.asp"><strong>Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending</strong></a>: Rather than directly lending money, you provide the means to connect borrowers and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lender.asp">lenders</a>. You might do it through an app or website. You take a cut of the deal but aren’t putting up your own money to get started.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> A personal loan business can be profitable since you have the chance to earn money upfront from <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/origination-fee.asp">origination</a> and administration fees. Plus, depending on how you set up your business, you might be able to benefit from the interest earned on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/repayment.asp">repayments</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> On the other hand, though, you have to be prepared to shoulder some of the risks. If a borrower misses payments or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/default2.asp">defaults</a>, you could lose money—especially if you’re lending out your own money. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Don’t forget to consider the market potential as well. Loans are popular, and it’s possible to find customers all over the world. Even so, the industry has slowed in recent years, and there are concerns that increased scrutiny for moneylenders could lead to more challenges for those who want to start a personal loan business.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <h3 class="mntl-sc-block__comparison-list-heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__comparison-list-heading">Pros and Cons of a Personal Loan Business</h3> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Potential for good profits, including upfront cash flow from charging fees</p></li> <li><p>Flexible business model that can be managed from home if you choose</p></li> <li><p>Customers available from a variety of markets, since many people need loans</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Regulations can differ at the federal, state, and local levels, and it’s hard to predict how you need to comply.</p></li> <li><p>It can be difficult to get enough capital to start, whether you use your own money or look for investors.</p></li> <li><p>Growth in the installment loan industry has been slowing in the last few years.</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> Make sure to carefully consider the pros and cons of a personal loan business before you get started. Realize that regulations and the need for capital can make this a challenging business, even if you have the potential to make a good profit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Don’t forget that heavy regulation at various levels of government can regulate how you collect interest, who you can lend to, and other aspects of personal loans. Working through the different regulations can be challenging, and it’s important to remember that financial services come with a lot of red tape. In fact, it’s important to note that there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to a moneylender business. You probably won’t be able to take one business template from one place and apply it to the same loan business in another location.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-develop-a-business-plan"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Develop a Business Plan </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Next, you need to create a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business-plan.asp">business plan</a>. Unless you’re using your own money to fund the loans you make, you’ll need investors and other backers. Most of them aren’t likely to provide you with the money you need to get started unless you have a good business plan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Some of the main elements of a business plan include the following: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <li><strong>Executive summary</strong>: This is the overview of your business plan. It provides a way for investors and others to quickly understand the basics of your idea and how you expect to make money. It should be the last thing you write, even though it will be at the beginning of your overall plan.</li> <li><strong>Business summary</strong>: Describe your business in this section. It should be an overview of what you hope to accomplish with your business and your goals. Key people in your company should be recognized here, along with their skills and what they contribute to the success of your business.</li> <li><strong>Products</strong>: Be clear about what you’re providing and how you plan to deliver. Make sure you’re clear about the types of loans you’ll provide. This can include whether you plan to focus on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040715/what-microlending-and-how-does-it-work.asp">microlending</a>, traditional personal <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/072316/how-installment-loans-work.asp">installment loans</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashadvance.asp">cash advances</a>, or some other type of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loan.asp">loan</a>. You can also share whether you plan to provide options such as allowing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co_sign.asp">co-signers</a> or accepting <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp">collateral</a>.</li> <li><strong>Market analysis</strong>: Next, you need to provide an analysis of your target market and potential demand. You’ll need to back this up with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-research.asp">research</a> and have an analysis of what type of growth you can reasonably expect, in addition to potential challenges.</li><span class="mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-sc-block-adslot-inline"></span> <li><strong>Competitive analysis</strong>: Take a look at your likely competitors in the space. You should be able to compare their strengths and weaknesses to your own and provide an overview of how your product and business will be advantageous compared to your competitors.</li> <li><strong>Marketing plan</strong>: Provide a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="8" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketing-plan.asp">marketing plan</a>. How will you reach your target market? What channels will you use, and do you have any promotional strategies? Flesh out a plan to show how you will reach customers and convert them.</li> <li><strong>Operations plan</strong>: This section is all about <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="9" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/logistics.asp">logistics</a>. Where will you be located? Will you have offices or operate online? Do you have special equipment or people who can be used to make this business a success?</li> <li><strong>Financial plan</strong>: Don’t forget to lay out the numbers. In general, you should plan to have projects for startup costs and the type of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="10" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment.asp">investment</a> you’ll need. Provide profit and loss estimates, and detail your expected <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="11" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp">cash flow</a>. You should be able to estimate three to five years.</li> <li><strong>Appendix</strong>: If you have any supplementary materials and documentation, it should go in this section of your business plan.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-form-a-legal-entity"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Form a Legal Entity </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Once you have your business plan and a roadmap for the future, you need to form your legal entity. Decide whether you should be a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soleproprietorship.asp">sole proprietor</a> or if it makes sense for you to form a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/llc.asp">limited liability company (LLC)</a> or some other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/partnership.asp">partnership</a>. You can also form a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporation.asp">corporation</a>. An accountant or a business attorney can help you figure out what type of structure makes sense for you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> If you think you’ll hire others to work in the business, or if you have investors who might want to be partners, you’ll need to keep that in mind as you form a legal business entity. Depending on your state, you might need to file <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/articles-of-organization.asp">articles of organization</a> and register your business with a city or state office. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-register-your-business-with-the-irs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Register Your Business with the IRS </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> You’ll need an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/employer-identification-number.asp">Employer Identification Number (EIN)</a> from the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp">Internal Revenue Service (IRS)</a> as you move forward. This will be used when you file your business or partnership <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxreturn.asp">tax returns</a>. You can go to the IRS website and get an EIN and register your business within a matter of minutes. It’s also possible to complete this step by mail or fax.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-figure-out-financing"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Figure Out Financing </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> One of the most challenging parts of starting a personal loan business is making sure you have the financing you need. If you’re going to loan money, you need a significant amount of capital. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> If you’re using investors’ funds, you’ll need to build relationships and convince others to provide you with capital to lend to others. You’ll need to have agreements in place with your backers so that they know how much they can expect, including what types of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp">returns</a> they’re likely to receive. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> All of this can require a lot of expense as you consult with lawyers and make sure you’re in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-get-the-required-licenses-and-permits"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Get the Required Licenses and Permits </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> Next, you need to figure out what licenses you need to operate a lending business. You might need permits as well, especially if you’re occupying a building. States, counties, and cities might have their own rules. These rules will be based on whether you operate out of your home or another location. Make sure you understand the requirements before you move forward and get the appropriate paperwork filed to operate legally.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> Remember, too, that you might have to get certain licenses for financial services, depending on where you operate. Taking the appropriate tests and paying for the licenses can be costly, so evaluate whether this is something you want to pursue. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-set-up-business-accounting"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Set Up Business Accounting </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> Don’t forget to set up business accounting. You should have a separate system from your personal finances. You’ll need <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionals/091715/career-advice-accounting-vs-bookkeeping.asp">bookkeeping</a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payroll.asp">payroll</a> for employees. You also need a way to keep track of when borrowers make payments and how much of each payment should go toward the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp">principal</a> and how much should go toward interest. And, if you have investors, your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accounting.asp">accounting</a> should also take into account what’s going to them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-get-business-insurance"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Get Business Insurance </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> As a moneylender, you need <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-small-business-insurance-4844202">business insurance</a> to protect you if too many borrowers default or something else happens. Often, you might need business insurance to protect you in the case of lawsuits as well. If you have a building, you’ll need insurance to protect your premises. Don’t forget about <a class="pseudoStyle" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/workers-compensation.asp">workers’ compensation</a> as well. There are many different types of business insurance, and you need to make sure you’re paying for policies that fit your needs and can help protect your assets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-to-expect-when-opening-a-personal-loan-business"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What to Expect When Opening a Personal Loan Business </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> When you open a personal loan business, you should be prepared to work long hours and be ready to market yourself and your business. It’s also important to make sure you have enough capital available to fulfill the loans you plan to make to others, as well as meet all federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> Understand how to put processes in place when deciding whom to lend to. Check with local regulations on how to evaluate someone’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-worthiness.asp">creditworthiness</a> and the types of agreements you need to have borrowers sign. Don’t forget that some states have caps on the interest you can charge on loans, so you should know how to set <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/apr.asp">annual percentage rates (APRs)</a> (which include origination and other fees) to be compliant. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> You also need to set up payment systems to collect payment (plus interest) from your borrowers. This can include online systems, mail-in, or other arrangements. If you plan to automatically deduct from accounts, you need to have the right agreements in place and get permission for auto-drafts from bank accounts. All of this needs to be done with regulation in mind and best practices for security. You must be prepared to issue account statements to each borrower, showing them how much of each payment is going to the principal and how much is going to interest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> Don’t forget to create a collections policy. You need to have an idea of how to pursue nonpayment if someone falls behind. Once again, it’s important to make sure that how you approach collections is according to federal, state, and local regulations on personal lending businesses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> You should also have insurance and investors prepared to help you manage your business finances if you have people defaulting. To reduce the chances of default, you might need to consider how you will vet borrowers, including running <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-inquiry.asp">credit checks</a> and deciding what minimum <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_score.asp">credit score</a> you’ll require. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Additionally, you’ll need to have policies for handling sensitive personal finance information. You’ll likely have to collect information regarding <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/ssn.asp">Social Security numbers (SSNs)</a>, bank accounts, and other sensitive matters. You’ll need a way to protect your database and have protocols in place for keeping personal data secure. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-i-start-a-private-lending-business"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do I Start a Private Lending Business?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>In many cases, you need access to a large amount of capital to start a private lending business. This can come from your own finances, or you might need to get money from investors. You also need to meet specific regulations in your state and get the appropriate licenses, insurance, and permits to start a lending business.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-does-a-moneylender-business-work"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Does a Moneylender Business Work?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>In a moneylender business, a lender provides cash to a borrower. The borrower pays interest, and they might even pay origination fees and other costs. As the borrower repays the loan, more capital is available for other loans, and the lender makes a profit from the interest they receive.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-loan-providers-make-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do Loan Providers Make Money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Loan providers usually make money by charging interest on loans. The interest charge is normally part of the repayment process, and how the lender is compensated. Loan providers might also make money from fees they charge, including origination and administrative fees.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> A personal loan business can be a profitable way to earn money. It’s relatively easy to manage, as long as you have a good system for keeping track of the progress of loan repayment. However, you need access to capital and need to be prepared to go through the regulatory process. Also, many loan businesses need good legal representation to help them navigate laws and regulations, in addition to drafting loan agreements and other documents. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> Before you decide to lend money to others, carefully consider your situation and whether it makes sense for you to get involved with a personal loan business. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"> <em>This article represents general guidance on setting up a personal lending business. Federal, state, and local regulations affect how a personal loan business works in each location, and you should check requirements before starting a new lending business. Consider working with an attorney or other professional to navigate the extensive regulation in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/what-is-finance/#toc-financial-services">financial services</a> industry.</em> </p></div>
If you’re hoping to [start a business](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-start-a-business-4689813), one of the most profitable is offering personal loans to others. However, getting the [startup](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/startup.asp) cash and [investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp) required can be challenging. Before you decide to start a personal loan business, it’s important to understand the ins and outs and be prepared for potential setbacks. ### Key Takeaways * A personal loan business can be flexible and profitable. * You need investors to back a personal loan business, and it can be challenging to find them. * It’s important to prepare ahead of time with paperwork, including loan documents. * Federal, state, and local laws can make starting a personal loan business challenging, and you should review necessary information before moving forward. ## Decide Whether a Personal Loan Business Is Right for You Before you move forward with a personal loan business, you need to decide if it’s the right path for you. There are different potential ways to move forward with a personal loan business. Some potential options include: * **Your own money**: You lend your own money to others. You can choose to provide [secured loans or unsecured loans](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/110614/what-difference-between-secured-and-unsecured-debts.asp). However, you need to have a large amount of [capital](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital.asp) to get started, since you’re using your own money to move forward. In this case, though, you keep all the [interest](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interest.asp) paid on the loan and can charge what fees you wish. * **Investor money**: With this type of business, investors provide you with the funds to make loans. The investors receive the interest from the payments, and you receive compensation in the form of a loan fee charge at origination. * [**Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending**](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/peer-to-peer-lending.asp): Rather than directly lending money, you provide the means to connect borrowers and [lenders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lender.asp). You might do it through an app or website. You take a cut of the deal but aren’t putting up your own money to get started. A personal loan business can be profitable since you have the chance to earn money upfront from [origination](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/origination-fee.asp) and administration fees. Plus, depending on how you set up your business, you might be able to benefit from the interest earned on [repayments](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/repayment.asp). On the other hand, though, you have to be prepared to shoulder some of the risks. If a borrower misses payments or [defaults](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/default2.asp), you could lose money—especially if you’re lending out your own money. Don’t forget to consider the market potential as well. Loans are popular, and it’s possible to find customers all over the world. Even so, the industry has slowed in recent years, and there are concerns that increased scrutiny for moneylenders could lead to more challenges for those who want to start a personal loan business. ### Pros and Cons of a Personal Loan Business Pros * Potential for good profits, including upfront cash flow from charging fees * Flexible business model that can be managed from home if you choose * Customers available from a variety of markets, since many people need loans Cons * Regulations can differ at the federal, state, and local levels, and it’s hard to predict how you need to comply. * It can be difficult to get enough capital to start, whether you use your own money or look for investors. * Growth in the installment loan industry has been slowing in the last few years. Make sure to carefully consider the pros and cons of a personal loan business before you get started. Realize that regulations and the need for capital can make this a challenging business, even if you have the potential to make a good profit. Don’t forget that heavy regulation at various levels of government can regulate how you collect interest, who you can lend to, and other aspects of personal loans. Working through the different regulations can be challenging, and it’s important to remember that financial services come with a lot of red tape. In fact, it’s important to note that there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to a moneylender business. You probably won’t be able to take one business template from one place and apply it to the same loan business in another location. ## Develop a Business Plan Next, you need to create a [business plan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business-plan.asp). Unless you’re using your own money to fund the loans you make, you’ll need investors and other backers. Most of them aren’t likely to provide you with the money you need to get started unless you have a good business plan. Some of the main elements of a business plan include the following: * **Executive summary**: This is the overview of your business plan. It provides a way for investors and others to quickly understand the basics of your idea and how you expect to make money. It should be the last thing you write, even though it will be at the beginning of your overall plan. * **Business summary**: Describe your business in this section. It should be an overview of what you hope to accomplish with your business and your goals. Key people in your company should be recognized here, along with their skills and what they contribute to the success of your business. * **Products**: Be clear about what you’re providing and how you plan to deliver. Make sure you’re clear about the types of loans you’ll provide. This can include whether you plan to focus on [microlending](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040715/what-microlending-and-how-does-it-work.asp), traditional personal [installment loans](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/072316/how-installment-loans-work.asp), [cash advances](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashadvance.asp), or some other type of [loan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loan.asp). You can also share whether you plan to provide options such as allowing [co-signers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co_sign.asp) or accepting [collateral](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp). * **Market analysis**: Next, you need to provide an analysis of your target market and potential demand. You’ll need to back this up with [research](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-research.asp) and have an analysis of what type of growth you can reasonably expect, in addition to potential challenges. * **Competitive analysis**: Take a look at your likely competitors in the space. You should be able to compare their strengths and weaknesses to your own and provide an overview of how your product and business will be advantageous compared to your competitors. * **Marketing plan**: Provide a [marketing plan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketing-plan.asp). How will you reach your target market? What channels will you use, and do you have any promotional strategies? Flesh out a plan to show how you will reach customers and convert them. * **Operations plan**: This section is all about [logistics](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/logistics.asp). Where will you be located? Will you have offices or operate online? Do you have special equipment or people who can be used to make this business a success? * **Financial plan**: Don’t forget to lay out the numbers. In general, you should plan to have projects for startup costs and the type of [investment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment.asp) you’ll need. Provide profit and loss estimates, and detail your expected [cash flow](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp). You should be able to estimate three to five years. * **Appendix**: If you have any supplementary materials and documentation, it should go in this section of your business plan. ## Form a Legal Entity Once you have your business plan and a roadmap for the future, you need to form your legal entity. Decide whether you should be a [sole proprietor](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soleproprietorship.asp) or if it makes sense for you to form a [limited liability company (LLC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/llc.asp) or some other [partnership](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/partnership.asp). You can also form a [corporation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporation.asp). An accountant or a business attorney can help you figure out what type of structure makes sense for you. If you think you’ll hire others to work in the business, or if you have investors who might want to be partners, you’ll need to keep that in mind as you form a legal business entity. Depending on your state, you might need to file [articles of organization](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/articles-of-organization.asp) and register your business with a city or state office. ## Register Your Business with the IRS You’ll need an [Employer Identification Number (EIN)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/employer-identification-number.asp) from the [Internal Revenue Service (IRS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp) as you move forward. This will be used when you file your business or partnership [tax returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxreturn.asp). You can go to the IRS website and get an EIN and register your business within a matter of minutes. It’s also possible to complete this step by mail or fax. ## Figure Out Financing One of the most challenging parts of starting a personal loan business is making sure you have the financing you need. If you’re going to loan money, you need a significant amount of capital. If you’re using investors’ funds, you’ll need to build relationships and convince others to provide you with capital to lend to others. You’ll need to have agreements in place with your backers so that they know how much they can expect, including what types of [returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp) they’re likely to receive. All of this can require a lot of expense as you consult with lawyers and make sure you’re in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. ## Get the Required Licenses and Permits Next, you need to figure out what licenses you need to operate a lending business. You might need permits as well, especially if you’re occupying a building. States, counties, and cities might have their own rules. These rules will be based on whether you operate out of your home or another location. Make sure you understand the requirements before you move forward and get the appropriate paperwork filed to operate legally. Remember, too, that you might have to get certain licenses for financial services, depending on where you operate. Taking the appropriate tests and paying for the licenses can be costly, so evaluate whether this is something you want to pursue. ## Set Up Business Accounting Don’t forget to set up business accounting. You should have a separate system from your personal finances. You’ll need [bookkeeping](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionals/091715/career-advice-accounting-vs-bookkeeping.asp) and [payroll](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/payroll.asp) for employees. You also need a way to keep track of when borrowers make payments and how much of each payment should go toward the [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp) and how much should go toward interest. And, if you have investors, your [accounting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accounting.asp) should also take into account what’s going to them. ## Get Business Insurance As a moneylender, you need [business insurance](https://www.investopedia.com/best-small-business-insurance-4844202) to protect you if too many borrowers default or something else happens. Often, you might need business insurance to protect you in the case of lawsuits as well. If you have a building, you’ll need insurance to protect your premises. Don’t forget about [workers’ compensation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/workers-compensation.asp) as well. There are many different types of business insurance, and you need to make sure you’re paying for policies that fit your needs and can help protect your assets. ## What to Expect When Opening a Personal Loan Business When you open a personal loan business, you should be prepared to work long hours and be ready to market yourself and your business. It’s also important to make sure you have enough capital available to fulfill the loans you plan to make to others, as well as meet all federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. Understand how to put processes in place when deciding whom to lend to. Check with local regulations on how to evaluate someone’s [creditworthiness](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-worthiness.asp) and the types of agreements you need to have borrowers sign. Don’t forget that some states have caps on the interest you can charge on loans, so you should know how to set [annual percentage rates (APRs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/apr.asp) (which include origination and other fees) to be compliant. You also need to set up payment systems to collect payment (plus interest) from your borrowers. This can include online systems, mail-in, or other arrangements. If you plan to automatically deduct from accounts, you need to have the right agreements in place and get permission for auto-drafts from bank accounts. All of this needs to be done with regulation in mind and best practices for security. You must be prepared to issue account statements to each borrower, showing them how much of each payment is going to the principal and how much is going to interest. Don’t forget to create a collections policy. You need to have an idea of how to pursue nonpayment if someone falls behind. Once again, it’s important to make sure that how you approach collections is according to federal, state, and local regulations on personal lending businesses. You should also have insurance and investors prepared to help you manage your business finances if you have people defaulting. To reduce the chances of default, you might need to consider how you will vet borrowers, including running [credit checks](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-inquiry.asp) and deciding what minimum [credit score](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_score.asp) you’ll require. Additionally, you’ll need to have policies for handling sensitive personal finance information. You’ll likely have to collect information regarding [Social Security numbers (SSNs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/ssn.asp), bank accounts, and other sensitive matters. You’ll need a way to protect your database and have protocols in place for keeping personal data secure. ## How Do I Start a Private Lending Business? In many cases, you need access to a large amount of capital to start a private lending business. This can come from your own finances, or you might need to get money from investors. You also need to meet specific regulations in your state and get the appropriate licenses, insurance, and permits to start a lending business. ## How Does a Moneylender Business Work? In a moneylender business, a lender provides cash to a borrower. The borrower pays interest, and they might even pay origination fees and other costs. As the borrower repays the loan, more capital is available for other loans, and the lender makes a profit from the interest they receive. ## How Do Loan Providers Make Money? Loan providers usually make money by charging interest on loans. The interest charge is normally part of the repayment process, and how the lender is compensated. Loan providers might also make money from fees they charge, including origination and administrative fees. ## The Bottom Line A personal loan business can be a profitable way to earn money. It’s relatively easy to manage, as long as you have a good system for keeping track of the progress of loan repayment. However, you need access to capital and need to be prepared to go through the regulatory process. Also, many loan businesses need good legal representation to help them navigate laws and regulations, in addition to drafting loan agreements and other documents. Before you decide to lend money to others, carefully consider your situation and whether it makes sense for you to get involved with a personal loan business. *This article represents general guidance on setting up a personal lending business. Federal, state, and local regulations affect how a personal loan business works in each location, and you should check requirements before starting a new lending business. Consider working with an attorney or other professional to navigate the extensive regulation in the [financial services](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/what-is-finance/#toc-financial-services) industry.*
If you’re hoping to start a business, one of the most profitable is offering personal loans to others. However, getting the startup cash and investors required can be challenging. Before you decide to start a personal loan business, it’s important to understand the ins and outs and be prepared for potential setbacks. Key Takeaways A personal loan business can be flexible and profitable.You need investors to back a personal loan business, and it can be challenging to find them.It’s important to prepare ahead of time with paperwork, including loan documents.Federal, state, and local laws can make starting a personal loan business challenging, and you should review necessary information before moving forward. Decide Whether a Personal Loan Business Is Right for You Before you move forward with a personal loan business, you need to decide if it’s the right path for you. There are different potential ways to move forward with a personal loan business. Some potential options include: Your own money: You lend your own money to others. You can choose to provide secured loans or unsecured loans. However, you need to have a large amount of capital to get started, since you’re using your own money to move forward. In this case, though, you keep all the interest paid on the loan and can charge what fees you wish. Investor money: With this type of business, investors provide you with the funds to make loans. The investors receive the interest from the payments, and you receive compensation in the form of a loan fee charge at origination. Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending: Rather than directly lending money, you provide the means to connect borrowers and lenders. You might do it through an app or website. You take a cut of the deal but aren’t putting up your own money to get started. A personal loan business can be profitable since you have the chance to earn money upfront from origination and administration fees. Plus, depending on how you set up your business, you might be able to benefit from the interest earned on repayments. On the other hand, though, you have to be prepared to shoulder some of the risks. If a borrower misses payments or defaults, you could lose money—especially if you’re lending out your own money. Don’t forget to consider the market potential as well. Loans are popular, and it’s possible to find customers all over the world. Even so, the industry has slowed in recent years, and there are concerns that increased scrutiny for moneylenders could lead to more challenges for those who want to start a personal loan business. Pros and Cons of a Personal Loan Business Pros Potential for good profits, including upfront cash flow from charging fees Flexible business model that can be managed from home if you choose Customers available from a variety of markets, since many people need loans Cons Regulations can differ at the federal, state, and local levels, and it’s hard to predict how you need to comply. It can be difficult to get enough capital to start, whether you use your own money or look for investors. Growth in the installment loan industry has been slowing in the last few years. Make sure to carefully consider the pros and cons of a personal loan business before you get started. Realize that regulations and the need for capital can make this a challenging business, even if you have the potential to make a good profit. Don’t forget that heavy regulation at various levels of government can regulate how you collect interest, who you can lend to, and other aspects of personal loans. Working through the different regulations can be challenging, and it’s important to remember that financial services come with a lot of red tape. In fact, it’s important to note that there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to a moneylender business. You probably won’t be able to take one business template from one place and apply it to the same loan business in another location. Develop a Business Plan Next, you need to create a business plan. Unless you’re using your own money to fund the loans you make, you’ll need investors and other backers. Most of them aren’t likely to provide you with the money you need to get started unless you have a good business plan. Some of the main elements of a business plan include the following: Executive summary: This is the overview of your business plan. It provides a way for investors and others to quickly understand the basics of your idea and how you expect to make money. It should be the last thing you write, even though it will be at the beginning of your overall plan. Business summary: Describe your business in this section. It should be an overview of what you hope to accomplish with your business and your goals. Key people in your company should be recognized here, along with their skills and what they contribute to the success of your business. Products: Be clear about what you’re providing and how you plan to deliver. Make sure you’re clear about the types of loans you’ll provide. This can include whether you plan to focus on microlending, traditional personal installment loans, cash advances, or some other type of loan. You can also share whether you plan to provide options such as allowing co-signers or accepting collateral. Market analysis: Next, you need to provide an analysis of your target market and potential demand. You’ll need to back this up with research and have an analysis of what type of growth you can reasonably expect, in addition to potential challenges. Competitive analysis: Take a look at your likely competitors in the space. You should be able to compare their strengths and weaknesses to your own and provide an overview of how your product and business will be advantageous compared to your competitors. Marketing plan: Provide a marketing plan. How will you reach your target market? What channels will you use, and do you have any promotional strategies? Flesh out a plan to show how you will reach customers and convert them. Operations plan: This section is all about logistics. Where will you be located? Will you have offices or operate online? Do you have special equipment or people who can be used to make this business a success? Financial plan: Don’t forget to lay out the numbers. In general, you should plan to have projects for startup costs and the type of investment you’ll need. Provide profit and loss estimates, and detail your expected cash flow. You should be able to estimate three to five years. Appendix: If you have any supplementary materials and documentation, it should go in this section of your business plan. Form a Legal Entity Once you have your business plan and a roadmap for the future, you need to form your legal entity. Decide whether you should be a sole proprietor or if it makes sense for you to form a limited liability company (LLC) or some other partnership. You can also form a corporation. An accountant or a business attorney can help you figure out what type of structure makes sense for you. If you think you’ll hire others to work in the business, or if you have investors who might want to be partners, you’ll need to keep that in mind as you form a legal business entity. Depending on your state, you might need to file articles of organization and register your business with a city or state office. Register Your Business with the IRS You’ll need an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as you move forward. This will be used when you file your business or partnership tax returns. You can go to the IRS website and get an EIN and register your business within a matter of minutes. It’s also possible to complete this step by mail or fax. Figure Out Financing One of the most challenging parts of starting a personal loan business is making sure you have the financing you need. If you’re going to loan money, you need a significant amount of capital. If you’re using investors’ funds, you’ll need to build relationships and convince others to provide you with capital to lend to others. You’ll need to have agreements in place with your backers so that they know how much they can expect, including what types of returns they’re likely to receive. All of this can require a lot of expense as you consult with lawyers and make sure you’re in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. Get the Required Licenses and Permits Next, you need to figure out what licenses you need to operate a lending business. You might need permits as well, especially if you’re occupying a building. States, counties, and cities might have their own rules. These rules will be based on whether you operate out of your home or another location. Make sure you understand the requirements before you move forward and get the appropriate paperwork filed to operate legally. Remember, too, that you might have to get certain licenses for financial services, depending on where you operate. Taking the appropriate tests and paying for the licenses can be costly, so evaluate whether this is something you want to pursue. Set Up Business Accounting Don’t forget to set up business accounting. You should have a separate system from your personal finances. You’ll need bookkeeping and payroll for employees. You also need a way to keep track of when borrowers make payments and how much of each payment should go toward the principal and how much should go toward interest. And, if you have investors, your accounting should also take into account what’s going to them. Get Business Insurance As a moneylender, you need business insurance to protect you if too many borrowers default or something else happens. Often, you might need business insurance to protect you in the case of lawsuits as well. If you have a building, you’ll need insurance to protect your premises. Don’t forget about workers’ compensation as well. There are many different types of business insurance, and you need to make sure you’re paying for policies that fit your needs and can help protect your assets. What to Expect When Opening a Personal Loan Business When you open a personal loan business, you should be prepared to work long hours and be ready to market yourself and your business. It’s also important to make sure you have enough capital available to fulfill the loans you plan to make to others, as well as meet all federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. Understand how to put processes in place when deciding whom to lend to. Check with local regulations on how to evaluate someone’s creditworthiness and the types of agreements you need to have borrowers sign. Don’t forget that some states have caps on the interest you can charge on loans, so you should know how to set annual percentage rates (APRs) (which include origination and other fees) to be compliant. You also need to set up payment systems to collect payment (plus interest) from your borrowers. This can include online systems, mail-in, or other arrangements. If you plan to automatically deduct from accounts, you need to have the right agreements in place and get permission for auto-drafts from bank accounts. All of this needs to be done with regulation in mind and best practices for security. You must be prepared to issue account statements to each borrower, showing them how much of each payment is going to the principal and how much is going to interest. Don’t forget to create a collections policy. You need to have an idea of how to pursue nonpayment if someone falls behind. Once again, it’s important to make sure that how you approach collections is according to federal, state, and local regulations on personal lending businesses. You should also have insurance and investors prepared to help you manage your business finances if you have people defaulting. To reduce the chances of default, you might need to consider how you will vet borrowers, including running credit checks and deciding what minimum credit score you’ll require. Additionally, you’ll need to have policies for handling sensitive personal finance information. You’ll likely have to collect information regarding Social Security numbers (SSNs), bank accounts, and other sensitive matters. You’ll need a way to protect your database and have protocols in place for keeping personal data secure. How Do I Start a Private Lending Business? In many cases, you need access to a large amount of capital to start a private lending business. This can come from your own finances, or you might need to get money from investors. You also need to meet specific regulations in your state and get the appropriate licenses, insurance, and permits to start a lending business. How Does a Moneylender Business Work? In a moneylender business, a lender provides cash to a borrower. The borrower pays interest, and they might even pay origination fees and other costs. As the borrower repays the loan, more capital is available for other loans, and the lender makes a profit from the interest they receive. How Do Loan Providers Make Money? Loan providers usually make money by charging interest on loans. The interest charge is normally part of the repayment process, and how the lender is compensated. Loan providers might also make money from fees they charge, including origination and administrative fees. The Bottom Line A personal loan business can be a profitable way to earn money. It’s relatively easy to manage, as long as you have a good system for keeping track of the progress of loan repayment. However, you need access to capital and need to be prepared to go through the regulatory process. Also, many loan businesses need good legal representation to help them navigate laws and regulations, in addition to drafting loan agreements and other documents. Before you decide to lend money to others, carefully consider your situation and whether it makes sense for you to get involved with a personal loan business. This article represents general guidance on setting up a personal lending business. Federal, state, and local regulations affect how a personal loan business works in each location, and you should check requirements before starting a new lending business. Consider working with an attorney or other professional to navigate the extensive regulation in the financial services industry.
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https://www.investopedia.com/ubs-jumps-as-swiss-lender-returns-to-profit-8644485
UBS Jumps as Swiss Lender Returns to Profit
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>UBS Group returned to a profit after two quarters of losses as it cut costs and moved forward with its integration of Credit Suisse.</li><li>The Swiss bank purchased struggling rival Credit Suisse in a government-backed bailout in March 2023.</li><li>UBS said integration plans moved "at pace," and it cut about $1 billion more in costs.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> UBS Group (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=UBS">UBS</a>) shares soared in intraday trading Tuesday after the Swiss bank returned to a quarterly profit as it continued to integrate former rival Credit Suisse, which it absorbed in a government-backed <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/what-happened-at-credit-suisse-and-why-did-it-collapse-7369825">bailout</a> in March 2023. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-return-to-profit"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Return to Profit </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> UBS posted first-quarter net income of $1.76 billion—three times the consensus estimate by Visible Alpha—or $0.52 per diluted share. The gains came after two consecutive quarters of losses.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> Total revenue jumped 45.7% year-over-year to $12.74 billion, also better than expected. The key global wealth unit saw revenue increase 28.3% to $6.14 billion. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> The company noted that its Credit Suisse integration plans moved “at pace,” adding that it realized an additional approximately $1 billion in gross cost savings. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-significant-progress-on-our-integration-plans"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 'Significant Progress on Our Integration Plans' </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ceo.asp">Chief Executive Officer (CEO</a>) Sergio Ermotti said that the results were “a testament to the strength of our business and client franchises and our ability to deliver significant progress on our integration plans while actively optimizing our financial resources.”   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> UBS said it plans to transition to a single U.S. intermediate holding company in the current quarter, and merge its Swiss entities in the third quarter. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> UBS shares traded in the U.S. were up 6.6% to $29.42 around noon ET Tuesday.<br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * UBS Group returned to a profit after two quarters of losses as it cut costs and moved forward with its integration of Credit Suisse. * The Swiss bank purchased struggling rival Credit Suisse in a government-backed bailout in March 2023. * UBS said integration plans moved "at pace," and it cut about $1 billion more in costs. UBS Group ([UBS](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=UBS)) shares soared in intraday trading Tuesday after the Swiss bank returned to a quarterly profit as it continued to integrate former rival Credit Suisse, which it absorbed in a government-backed [bailout](https://www.investopedia.com/what-happened-at-credit-suisse-and-why-did-it-collapse-7369825) in March 2023. ## Return to Profit UBS posted first-quarter net income of $1.76 billion—three times the consensus estimate by Visible Alpha—or $0.52 per diluted share. The gains came after two consecutive quarters of losses. Total revenue jumped 45.7% year-over-year to $12.74 billion, also better than expected. The key global wealth unit saw revenue increase 28.3% to $6.14 billion. The company noted that its Credit Suisse integration plans moved “at pace,” adding that it realized an additional approximately $1 billion in gross cost savings. ## 'Significant Progress on Our Integration Plans' [Chief Executive Officer (CEO](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ceo.asp)) Sergio Ermotti said that the results were “a testament to the strength of our business and client franchises and our ability to deliver significant progress on our integration plans while actively optimizing our financial resources.”   UBS said it plans to transition to a single U.S. intermediate holding company in the current quarter, and merge its Swiss entities in the third quarter. UBS shares traded in the U.S. were up 6.6% to $29.42 around noon ET Tuesday. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways UBS Group returned to a profit after two quarters of losses as it cut costs and moved forward with its integration of Credit Suisse.The Swiss bank purchased struggling rival Credit Suisse in a government-backed bailout in March 2023.UBS said integration plans moved "at pace," and it cut about $1 billion more in costs. UBS Group (UBS) shares soared in intraday trading Tuesday after the Swiss bank returned to a quarterly profit as it continued to integrate former rival Credit Suisse, which it absorbed in a government-backed bailout in March 2023. Return to Profit UBS posted first-quarter net income of $1.76 billion—three times the consensus estimate by Visible Alpha—or $0.52 per diluted share. The gains came after two consecutive quarters of losses. Total revenue jumped 45.7% year-over-year to $12.74 billion, also better than expected. The key global wealth unit saw revenue increase 28.3% to $6.14 billion. The company noted that its Credit Suisse integration plans moved “at pace,” adding that it realized an additional approximately $1 billion in gross cost savings. 'Significant Progress on Our Integration Plans' Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Sergio Ermotti said that the results were “a testament to the strength of our business and client franchises and our ability to deliver significant progress on our integration plans while actively optimizing our financial resources.”   UBS said it plans to transition to a single U.S. intermediate holding company in the current quarter, and merge its Swiss entities in the third quarter. UBS shares traded in the U.S. were up 6.6% to $29.42 around noon ET Tuesday. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets-economy/090116/what-silver-certificate-dollar-bill-worth-today.asp
Silver Certificate Dollar Bills: What They're Worth Today
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-silver-certificate-dollar-bill-worth-today"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Silver Certificate Dollar Bill Worth Today? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/silver-certificate.asp">silver certificate</a> dollar bill represents a unique time in American history. It was a type of legal tender that was issued by the federal government in the late 1800s. As the name suggests, the holder of a certificate could redeem it for a certain amount of silver. One certificate allowed investors to hold silver without having to buy the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preciousmetal.asp">precious metal</a> itself.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="31"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> These certificates no longer carry monetary value as an exchange for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/silver.asp">silver</a>, yet they are still legal tender at their face value. In the market, silver certificates are often worth more than their face value (e.g., $1) as collectors still seek out these prints. Their history dates to the 1860s, when the United States rapidly developed into one of the top producers of silver in the world. This ushered in a new monetary structure in the U.S., of which the silver certificate is a unique historical artifact.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="45"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="32"></span> In this article, we look at the history of this form of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency.asp">currency</a> and how much they're worth today. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A silver certificate dollar bill was a legal tender issued by the United States government.</li><li>When they were first issued, certificate holders could redeem them for a certain amount of silver.</li><li>Certificates are no longer redeemable in exchange for physical silver.</li><li>Although collectors still seek out many of the uncommon prints, many certificates are only worth their face value.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-silver-certificate-dollar-bills"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Silver Certificate Dollar Bills </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> It was for this reason that provisions in the Coinage Act of 1873 went little noticed. The act ended free <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10/history-of-us-coinage.asp">coinage</a> for silver, effectively ending bimetallism and placing the United States on the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/gold-standard.asp">gold standard</a>. Though silver coins could still be used as legal tender, few were in circulation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="46"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The U.S. government began issuing certificates in 1878 under the Bland-Allison Act. Under the act, people could deposit silver coins at the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/ustreasury.asp">U.S. Treasury</a> in exchange for certificates, which were easier to carry. This representative money could also be redeemed for silver equal to the certificate’s <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/facevalue.asp">face value</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="47"></span> In the past, other countries like China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Morocco, Panama, and the Netherlands have issued silver certificates.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:60.4%;"> <img alt="Silver" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Q35hNo1M6400sGX5Efotdsl2LNI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-84074500-95ad7ec8a7664245a05c6991b2c35e20.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Q35hNo1M6400sGX5Efotdsl2LNI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-84074500-95ad7ec8a7664245a05c6991b2c35e20.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OKf5JkCKkWizgMk9TAhRTgLSxC8=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-84074500-95ad7ec8a7664245a05c6991b2c35e20.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="1814" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="3000"/> <noscript> <img alt="Silver" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1814" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Q35hNo1M6400sGX5Efotdsl2LNI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-84074500-95ad7ec8a7664245a05c6991b2c35e20.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OKf5JkCKkWizgMk9TAhRTgLSxC8=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-84074500-95ad7ec8a7664245a05c6991b2c35e20.jpg 750w" width="3000"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">Image courtesy Getty Images/Joe Raedle.</span> </figcaption></figure> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Congress adopted a bimetallic standard of money in 1792, making gold and silver the mediums of exchange. Under a free coinage policy, raw gold or silver could be taken to the U.S. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mint.asp">mint</a> and converted into coins.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="33"></span> However, few silver coins were minted between 1793 and 1873, as the raw silver required to make a coin was worth more than their gold dollar and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/greenback.asp">greenback</a> counterparts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="35"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="34"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> A year later, Section 3568 of the Revised Statutes further diminished silver's status by prohibiting the use of silver coins as legal tender for amounts exceeding five dollars.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-old-silver-dollar-certificates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Old Silver Dollar Certificates </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032613/best-way-buy-silver.asp">Silver's</a> importance became apparent with the development of the Comstock lode and other deposits. This happened as Congress looked for ways to grow the monetary base. The U.S. went from producing less than 1% of the world's silver to nearly 20% by the 1860s and 40% by the 1870s.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="44"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The Bland-Allison Act reintroduced free coinage for silver. It also required the government to purchase and coin into dollars between $2 million and $4 million worth of silver each month.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="48"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Although the certificates no longer can be exchanged for silver coins, the historical significance in the printings resides in the economic impact the certificates held, as well as the certificate’s short-term status as valid legal tender. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-obsolescence"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Obsolescence </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> In 1963, the House of Representatives passed PL88-36, repealing the Silver Purchase Act and instructing on the retirement of $1 silver certificates.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> The act was predicated by a prospective shortage of silver <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bullion.asp">bullion</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="49"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> Certificate holders could exchange the print for silver dollar coins for approximately 10 months. In March 1964, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon stopped the issuance of coins, and for the next four years, certificates were <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/redemption.asp">redeemable</a> for silver granules.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> The redemption period for silver certificates ended in June 1968.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-silver-certificate-denominations"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Silver Certificate Denominations </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> Silver certificates are often referred to as large and small certificates. Certificates issued from 1878 to 1923 were larger in size, often measuring more than seven inches long and three inches wide. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/value.asp">value</a> of large-sized silver certificates issued through 1923 ranged between $1 and $1,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="50"></span> The designs varied and depicted former presidents, first ladies, vice presidents, founding fathers, and other notable figures.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="41"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> The U.S. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/banknote.asp">banknotes</a> were redesigned in 1928, and, until the ceased issuance in 1964, the silver certificates issued measured the same size as modern-day U.S. currency—about 6 inches long and over 2 inches wide.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="50"></span> All small-sized silver certificates depict the portraits of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/who-is-alexander-hamilton-5205028">Alexander Hamilton</a>. In general, the value of a silver certificate is not directly correlated to its size or denomination.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>A silver certificate's value is not directly correlated to its size or denomination</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-silver-certificate-value-today"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Silver Certificate Value Today </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> The value of a silver dollar certificate is contingent on the condition and year issued. Although it is no longer possible to redeem a silver dollar certificate for silver, certificates are still technically <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/legal-tender.asp">legal tender</a>. This means they can be exchanged for a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservesystem.asp">Federal Reserve</a> note.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> Still, the actual value of a silver certificate is in its collectability. The certificates have become a collectors' item, and collectors of the certificates pay greater-than-face value, depending on the rarity of the print. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-features-adding-value"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Features Adding Value </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> The value of each silver certificate is based on numerous variables. One of the largest determinants of the value of the bill is the grading of the certificate. Most silver certificates receive a grade on the Sheldon numerical scale, ranging from one to 70, where 70 represents a certificate in perfect mint condition. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> The numerical grade corresponds with an adjectival letter that indicates one of several conditions, including: good, very good, fine, very fine, extremely fine, about uncirculated, or gem uncirculated.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> In addition to the grade, there are various features found on certain silver certificates that increase their worth to a collector. In general, a silver certificate with a star in the serial number or error on the face of the bill is worth more than a silver certificate of the same year, grade, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/denomination.asp">denomination</a> without these features.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="51"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> Star notes from 1957 are common and some collectors won't buy them.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> The errors may include folding, cutting, or inking mistakes. In addition, unique and interesting serial numbers are more valuable to investors. For example, a serial number with each digit as the numeral two holds more value than a random combination of numbers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-valuation-of-silver-dollar-certificates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Valuation of Silver Dollar Certificates </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> The most common silver certificates were issued between 1935 and 1957. Their design is nearly identical to a standard U.S. dollar bill featuring George Washington. The key difference is the text below Washington’s portrait, which states the tender is valued at one dollar in silver payable to the bearer on demand. These certificates fetch slightly more than face value, though uncirculated notes typically sell for $2 to $4.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="30"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> In 1896, the silver dollar certificate carried a unique design that is known as the educational series. The face of the certificate depicts a woman instructing a young boy. The asking price for a Series 1896 $1 Silver Certificate Educational note is $500 for a print in "very fine condition 20," while a "Gem 65" commands more than $4,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="36"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> The 1899 print is another popular certificate among collectors. The note is often referred to as the Black Eagle because of the large eagle on its face. Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses Grantelow are found below the eagle. The asking price for an 1899 Black Eagle $1 Silver Banknote Certificate in "very good condition 8" is about $110, while a note in "gem uncirculated 65" condition fetches just above $1,300.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> In 1928, the treasury issued six different silver certificates, and around 384.6 million notes went into circulation. The 1928, 1928A, and 1928B versions are common. The 1928C, 1928D, and 1928E versions are rare, with notes in "very good condition 8" fetching up to $4,500. Certificates from 1928 with a star symbol in the serial number are extremely valuable, commanding between $12,500 and $17,000 for "extremely fine condition 40."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="38"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="40"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> Alternatively, the 1934 silver certificate is considered common, even though it is the only year to have a blue “one” printed on its face. A 1934 certificate in "very fine condition 20" is worth around $30.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="40"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-silver-investing-options"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Silver Investing Options </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp">Investors</a> interested in an ownership share in silver should purchase the metal elsewhere. Silver certificates no longer represent an ownership stake in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp">commodity</a>, and their value is mainly derived as collectors' items. However, there are numerous alternatives for investors wanting to own silver. First, an investor can purchase the physical product through silver coins, bullion, jewelry, or silverware. Alternatively, an investor can purchase an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp">exchange-traded fund (ETF)</a> backed by physical silver stored in a secure location. In some situations, investors may redeem the ETF for physical silver bullion.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="42"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> In addition, a speculator can invest in numerous mining or precious metal streaming companies. For example: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> <li>Wheaton Precious Metals Corp (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=wpm">WPM</a>) operates on a "streaming" model, whereby it purchases silver mined by other companies that is produced as a by-product of their main business, such as copper or gold mining.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span></li> <li>Silvercorp Metals (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=svm">SVM</a>) is a Canadian miner with three active sites in China.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="52"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="53"></span></li> <li>First Majestic Silver Corp (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ag">AG</a>) owns three producing silver mines in Mexico.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span></li> <li>Hecla Mining Company (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=hl">HL</a>) owns silver mines in Alaska and Idaho as well as Yukon Territory and Quebec, Canada.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span></li> <li>SSR Mining (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ssrm">SSRM</a>) operates a silver mine in Argentina.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"> Although owning stock in these companies does not result in silver ownership, the financial success of these companies is directly tied to the price of the precious metal. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-rarest-silver-certificate"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Rarest Silver Certificate?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Among the rarest silver certificate dollar bills are the 1928C, 1928D, and 1928E versions. Any notes that fall into these categories can fetch up to $4,500 as long as they're in very good condition.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="40"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-is-a-1-silver-certificate-worth"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Much Is a $1 Silver Certificate Worth?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>That depends on the type of $1 silver certificate. For instance, a Series 1896 $1 Silver Certificate Educational note in very fine condition is worth about $500 while a $1 Black Eagle Silver Banknote Certificate in the same condition can fetch just around $175.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="37"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-silver-certificate-mean-on-a-dollar-bill"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Does "Silver Certificate" Mean on a Dollar Bill?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The term Silver Certificate represents legal tender in the form of paper currency. The certificate was once redeemable for silver, but can now be exchanged for its face value. In many cases, though, collectors will purchase them for much more.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"> In the past, silver certificate dollar bills gave investors a way to hold the precious metal without actually having to buy it. But the U.S. government stopped printing these notes, diminishing their importance and overall value. Although collectors will pay top dollar for some of these certificates, don't get too excited if you find one in your billfold. Most will only get you the face value of the bill itself. </p></div>
## What Is a Silver Certificate Dollar Bill Worth Today? A [silver certificate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/silver-certificate.asp) dollar bill represents a unique time in American history. It was a type of legal tender that was issued by the federal government in the late 1800s. As the name suggests, the holder of a certificate could redeem it for a certain amount of silver. One certificate allowed investors to hold silver without having to buy the [precious metal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preciousmetal.asp) itself. These certificates no longer carry monetary value as an exchange for [silver](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/silver.asp), yet they are still legal tender at their face value. In the market, silver certificates are often worth more than their face value (e.g., $1) as collectors still seek out these prints. Their history dates to the 1860s, when the United States rapidly developed into one of the top producers of silver in the world. This ushered in a new monetary structure in the U.S., of which the silver certificate is a unique historical artifact. In this article, we look at the history of this form of [currency](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency.asp) and how much they're worth today. ### Key Takeaways * A silver certificate dollar bill was a legal tender issued by the United States government. * When they were first issued, certificate holders could redeem them for a certain amount of silver. * Certificates are no longer redeemable in exchange for physical silver. * Although collectors still seek out many of the uncommon prints, many certificates are only worth their face value. ## Understanding Silver Certificate Dollar Bills It was for this reason that provisions in the Coinage Act of 1873 went little noticed. The act ended free [coinage](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10/history-of-us-coinage.asp) for silver, effectively ending bimetallism and placing the United States on the [gold standard](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/gold-standard.asp). Though silver coins could still be used as legal tender, few were in circulation. The U.S. government began issuing certificates in 1878 under the Bland-Allison Act. Under the act, people could deposit silver coins at the [U.S. Treasury](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/ustreasury.asp) in exchange for certificates, which were easier to carry. This representative money could also be redeemed for silver equal to the certificate’s [face value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/facevalue.asp). In the past, other countries like China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Morocco, Panama, and the Netherlands have issued silver certificates. ![Silver]() ![Silver](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Q35hNo1M6400sGX5Efotdsl2LNI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-84074500-95ad7ec8a7664245a05c6991b2c35e20.jpg) Image courtesy Getty Images/Joe Raedle. Congress adopted a bimetallic standard of money in 1792, making gold and silver the mediums of exchange. Under a free coinage policy, raw gold or silver could be taken to the U.S. [mint](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mint.asp) and converted into coins. However, few silver coins were minted between 1793 and 1873, as the raw silver required to make a coin was worth more than their gold dollar and [greenback](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/greenback.asp) counterparts. A year later, Section 3568 of the Revised Statutes further diminished silver's status by prohibiting the use of silver coins as legal tender for amounts exceeding five dollars. ## Old Silver Dollar Certificates [Silver's](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/032613/best-way-buy-silver.asp) importance became apparent with the development of the Comstock lode and other deposits. This happened as Congress looked for ways to grow the monetary base. The U.S. went from producing less than 1% of the world's silver to nearly 20% by the 1860s and 40% by the 1870s. The Bland-Allison Act reintroduced free coinage for silver. It also required the government to purchase and coin into dollars between $2 million and $4 million worth of silver each month. Although the certificates no longer can be exchanged for silver coins, the historical significance in the printings resides in the economic impact the certificates held, as well as the certificate’s short-term status as valid legal tender. ## Obsolescence In 1963, the House of Representatives passed PL88-36, repealing the Silver Purchase Act and instructing on the retirement of $1 silver certificates. The act was predicated by a prospective shortage of silver [bullion](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bullion.asp). Certificate holders could exchange the print for silver dollar coins for approximately 10 months. In March 1964, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon stopped the issuance of coins, and for the next four years, certificates were [redeemable](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/redemption.asp) for silver granules. The redemption period for silver certificates ended in June 1968. ## Silver Certificate Denominations Silver certificates are often referred to as large and small certificates. Certificates issued from 1878 to 1923 were larger in size, often measuring more than seven inches long and three inches wide. The [value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/value.asp) of large-sized silver certificates issued through 1923 ranged between $1 and $1,000. The designs varied and depicted former presidents, first ladies, vice presidents, founding fathers, and other notable figures. The U.S. [banknotes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/banknote.asp) were redesigned in 1928, and, until the ceased issuance in 1964, the silver certificates issued measured the same size as modern-day U.S. currency—about 6 inches long and over 2 inches wide. All small-sized silver certificates depict the portraits of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, or [Alexander Hamilton](https://www.investopedia.com/who-is-alexander-hamilton-5205028). In general, the value of a silver certificate is not directly correlated to its size or denomination. ### A silver certificate's value is not directly correlated to its size or denomination ## Silver Certificate Value Today The value of a silver dollar certificate is contingent on the condition and year issued. Although it is no longer possible to redeem a silver dollar certificate for silver, certificates are still technically [legal tender](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/legal-tender.asp). This means they can be exchanged for a [Federal Reserve](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/federalreservesystem.asp) note. Still, the actual value of a silver certificate is in its collectability. The certificates have become a collectors' item, and collectors of the certificates pay greater-than-face value, depending on the rarity of the print. ## Features Adding Value The value of each silver certificate is based on numerous variables. One of the largest determinants of the value of the bill is the grading of the certificate. Most silver certificates receive a grade on the Sheldon numerical scale, ranging from one to 70, where 70 represents a certificate in perfect mint condition. The numerical grade corresponds with an adjectival letter that indicates one of several conditions, including: good, very good, fine, very fine, extremely fine, about uncirculated, or gem uncirculated. In addition to the grade, there are various features found on certain silver certificates that increase their worth to a collector. In general, a silver certificate with a star in the serial number or error on the face of the bill is worth more than a silver certificate of the same year, grade, and [denomination](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/denomination.asp) without these features. Star notes from 1957 are common and some collectors won't buy them. The errors may include folding, cutting, or inking mistakes. In addition, unique and interesting serial numbers are more valuable to investors. For example, a serial number with each digit as the numeral two holds more value than a random combination of numbers. ## Valuation of Silver Dollar Certificates The most common silver certificates were issued between 1935 and 1957. Their design is nearly identical to a standard U.S. dollar bill featuring George Washington. The key difference is the text below Washington’s portrait, which states the tender is valued at one dollar in silver payable to the bearer on demand. These certificates fetch slightly more than face value, though uncirculated notes typically sell for $2 to $4. In 1896, the silver dollar certificate carried a unique design that is known as the educational series. The face of the certificate depicts a woman instructing a young boy. The asking price for a Series 1896 $1 Silver Certificate Educational note is $500 for a print in "very fine condition 20," while a "Gem 65" commands more than $4,000. The 1899 print is another popular certificate among collectors. The note is often referred to as the Black Eagle because of the large eagle on its face. Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses Grantelow are found below the eagle. The asking price for an 1899 Black Eagle $1 Silver Banknote Certificate in "very good condition 8" is about $110, while a note in "gem uncirculated 65" condition fetches just above $1,300. In 1928, the treasury issued six different silver certificates, and around 384.6 million notes went into circulation. The 1928, 1928A, and 1928B versions are common. The 1928C, 1928D, and 1928E versions are rare, with notes in "very good condition 8" fetching up to $4,500. Certificates from 1928 with a star symbol in the serial number are extremely valuable, commanding between $12,500 and $17,000 for "extremely fine condition 40." Alternatively, the 1934 silver certificate is considered common, even though it is the only year to have a blue “one” printed on its face. A 1934 certificate in "very fine condition 20" is worth around $30. ## Silver Investing Options [Investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investor.asp) interested in an ownership share in silver should purchase the metal elsewhere. Silver certificates no longer represent an ownership stake in the [commodity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp), and their value is mainly derived as collectors' items. However, there are numerous alternatives for investors wanting to own silver. First, an investor can purchase the physical product through silver coins, bullion, jewelry, or silverware. Alternatively, an investor can purchase an [exchange-traded fund (ETF)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp) backed by physical silver stored in a secure location. In some situations, investors may redeem the ETF for physical silver bullion. In addition, a speculator can invest in numerous mining or precious metal streaming companies. For example: * Wheaton Precious Metals Corp ([WPM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=wpm)) operates on a "streaming" model, whereby it purchases silver mined by other companies that is produced as a by-product of their main business, such as copper or gold mining. * Silvercorp Metals ([SVM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=svm)) is a Canadian miner with three active sites in China. * First Majestic Silver Corp ([AG](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ag)) owns three producing silver mines in Mexico. * Hecla Mining Company ([HL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=hl)) owns silver mines in Alaska and Idaho as well as Yukon Territory and Quebec, Canada. * SSR Mining ([SSRM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ssrm)) operates a silver mine in Argentina. Although owning stock in these companies does not result in silver ownership, the financial success of these companies is directly tied to the price of the precious metal. ## What Is the Rarest Silver Certificate? Among the rarest silver certificate dollar bills are the 1928C, 1928D, and 1928E versions. Any notes that fall into these categories can fetch up to $4,500 as long as they're in very good condition. ## How Much Is a $1 Silver Certificate Worth? That depends on the type of $1 silver certificate. For instance, a Series 1896 $1 Silver Certificate Educational note in very fine condition is worth about $500 while a $1 Black Eagle Silver Banknote Certificate in the same condition can fetch just around $175. ## What Does "Silver Certificate" Mean on a Dollar Bill? The term Silver Certificate represents legal tender in the form of paper currency. The certificate was once redeemable for silver, but can now be exchanged for its face value. In many cases, though, collectors will purchase them for much more. ## The Bottom Line In the past, silver certificate dollar bills gave investors a way to hold the precious metal without actually having to buy it. But the U.S. government stopped printing these notes, diminishing their importance and overall value. Although collectors will pay top dollar for some of these certificates, don't get too excited if you find one in your billfold. Most will only get you the face value of the bill itself.
What Is a Silver Certificate Dollar Bill Worth Today? A silver certificate dollar bill represents a unique time in American history. It was a type of legal tender that was issued by the federal government in the late 1800s. As the name suggests, the holder of a certificate could redeem it for a certain amount of silver. One certificate allowed investors to hold silver without having to buy the precious metal itself. These certificates no longer carry monetary value as an exchange for silver, yet they are still legal tender at their face value. In the market, silver certificates are often worth more than their face value (e.g., $1) as collectors still seek out these prints. Their history dates to the 1860s, when the United States rapidly developed into one of the top producers of silver in the world. This ushered in a new monetary structure in the U.S., of which the silver certificate is a unique historical artifact. In this article, we look at the history of this form of currency and how much they're worth today. Key Takeaways A silver certificate dollar bill was a legal tender issued by the United States government.When they were first issued, certificate holders could redeem them for a certain amount of silver.Certificates are no longer redeemable in exchange for physical silver.Although collectors still seek out many of the uncommon prints, many certificates are only worth their face value. Understanding Silver Certificate Dollar Bills It was for this reason that provisions in the Coinage Act of 1873 went little noticed. The act ended free coinage for silver, effectively ending bimetallism and placing the United States on the gold standard. Though silver coins could still be used as legal tender, few were in circulation. The U.S. government began issuing certificates in 1878 under the Bland-Allison Act. Under the act, people could deposit silver coins at the U.S. Treasury in exchange for certificates, which were easier to carry. This representative money could also be redeemed for silver equal to the certificate’s face value. In the past, other countries like China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Morocco, Panama, and the Netherlands have issued silver certificates. Image courtesy Getty Images/Joe Raedle. Congress adopted a bimetallic standard of money in 1792, making gold and silver the mediums of exchange. Under a free coinage policy, raw gold or silver could be taken to the U.S. mint and converted into coins. However, few silver coins were minted between 1793 and 1873, as the raw silver required to make a coin was worth more than their gold dollar and greenback counterparts. A year later, Section 3568 of the Revised Statutes further diminished silver's status by prohibiting the use of silver coins as legal tender for amounts exceeding five dollars. Old Silver Dollar Certificates Silver's importance became apparent with the development of the Comstock lode and other deposits. This happened as Congress looked for ways to grow the monetary base. The U.S. went from producing less than 1% of the world's silver to nearly 20% by the 1860s and 40% by the 1870s. The Bland-Allison Act reintroduced free coinage for silver. It also required the government to purchase and coin into dollars between $2 million and $4 million worth of silver each month. Although the certificates no longer can be exchanged for silver coins, the historical significance in the printings resides in the economic impact the certificates held, as well as the certificate’s short-term status as valid legal tender. Obsolescence In 1963, the House of Representatives passed PL88-36, repealing the Silver Purchase Act and instructing on the retirement of $1 silver certificates. The act was predicated by a prospective shortage of silver bullion. Certificate holders could exchange the print for silver dollar coins for approximately 10 months. In March 1964, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon stopped the issuance of coins, and for the next four years, certificates were redeemable for silver granules. The redemption period for silver certificates ended in June 1968. Silver Certificate Denominations Silver certificates are often referred to as large and small certificates. Certificates issued from 1878 to 1923 were larger in size, often measuring more than seven inches long and three inches wide. The value of large-sized silver certificates issued through 1923 ranged between $1 and $1,000. The designs varied and depicted former presidents, first ladies, vice presidents, founding fathers, and other notable figures. The U.S. banknotes were redesigned in 1928, and, until the ceased issuance in 1964, the silver certificates issued measured the same size as modern-day U.S. currency—about 6 inches long and over 2 inches wide. All small-sized silver certificates depict the portraits of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, or Alexander Hamilton. In general, the value of a silver certificate is not directly correlated to its size or denomination. A silver certificate's value is not directly correlated to its size or denomination Silver Certificate Value Today The value of a silver dollar certificate is contingent on the condition and year issued. Although it is no longer possible to redeem a silver dollar certificate for silver, certificates are still technically legal tender. This means they can be exchanged for a Federal Reserve note. Still, the actual value of a silver certificate is in its collectability. The certificates have become a collectors' item, and collectors of the certificates pay greater-than-face value, depending on the rarity of the print. Features Adding Value The value of each silver certificate is based on numerous variables. One of the largest determinants of the value of the bill is the grading of the certificate. Most silver certificates receive a grade on the Sheldon numerical scale, ranging from one to 70, where 70 represents a certificate in perfect mint condition. The numerical grade corresponds with an adjectival letter that indicates one of several conditions, including: good, very good, fine, very fine, extremely fine, about uncirculated, or gem uncirculated. In addition to the grade, there are various features found on certain silver certificates that increase their worth to a collector. In general, a silver certificate with a star in the serial number or error on the face of the bill is worth more than a silver certificate of the same year, grade, and denomination without these features. Star notes from 1957 are common and some collectors won't buy them. The errors may include folding, cutting, or inking mistakes. In addition, unique and interesting serial numbers are more valuable to investors. For example, a serial number with each digit as the numeral two holds more value than a random combination of numbers. Valuation of Silver Dollar Certificates The most common silver certificates were issued between 1935 and 1957. Their design is nearly identical to a standard U.S. dollar bill featuring George Washington. The key difference is the text below Washington’s portrait, which states the tender is valued at one dollar in silver payable to the bearer on demand. These certificates fetch slightly more than face value, though uncirculated notes typically sell for $2 to $4. In 1896, the silver dollar certificate carried a unique design that is known as the educational series. The face of the certificate depicts a woman instructing a young boy. The asking price for a Series 1896 $1 Silver Certificate Educational note is $500 for a print in "very fine condition 20," while a "Gem 65" commands more than $4,000. The 1899 print is another popular certificate among collectors. The note is often referred to as the Black Eagle because of the large eagle on its face. Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses Grantelow are found below the eagle. The asking price for an 1899 Black Eagle $1 Silver Banknote Certificate in "very good condition 8" is about $110, while a note in "gem uncirculated 65" condition fetches just above $1,300. In 1928, the treasury issued six different silver certificates, and around 384.6 million notes went into circulation. The 1928, 1928A, and 1928B versions are common. The 1928C, 1928D, and 1928E versions are rare, with notes in "very good condition 8" fetching up to $4,500. Certificates from 1928 with a star symbol in the serial number are extremely valuable, commanding between $12,500 and $17,000 for "extremely fine condition 40." Alternatively, the 1934 silver certificate is considered common, even though it is the only year to have a blue “one” printed on its face. A 1934 certificate in "very fine condition 20" is worth around $30. Silver Investing Options Investors interested in an ownership share in silver should purchase the metal elsewhere. Silver certificates no longer represent an ownership stake in the commodity, and their value is mainly derived as collectors' items. However, there are numerous alternatives for investors wanting to own silver. First, an investor can purchase the physical product through silver coins, bullion, jewelry, or silverware. Alternatively, an investor can purchase an exchange-traded fund (ETF) backed by physical silver stored in a secure location. In some situations, investors may redeem the ETF for physical silver bullion. In addition, a speculator can invest in numerous mining or precious metal streaming companies. For example: Wheaton Precious Metals Corp (WPM) operates on a "streaming" model, whereby it purchases silver mined by other companies that is produced as a by-product of their main business, such as copper or gold mining. Silvercorp Metals (SVM) is a Canadian miner with three active sites in China. First Majestic Silver Corp (AG) owns three producing silver mines in Mexico. Hecla Mining Company (HL) owns silver mines in Alaska and Idaho as well as Yukon Territory and Quebec, Canada. SSR Mining (SSRM) operates a silver mine in Argentina. Although owning stock in these companies does not result in silver ownership, the financial success of these companies is directly tied to the price of the precious metal. What Is the Rarest Silver Certificate? Among the rarest silver certificate dollar bills are the 1928C, 1928D, and 1928E versions. Any notes that fall into these categories can fetch up to $4,500 as long as they're in very good condition. How Much Is a $1 Silver Certificate Worth? That depends on the type of $1 silver certificate. For instance, a Series 1896 $1 Silver Certificate Educational note in very fine condition is worth about $500 while a $1 Black Eagle Silver Banknote Certificate in the same condition can fetch just around $175. What Does "Silver Certificate" Mean on a Dollar Bill? The term Silver Certificate represents legal tender in the form of paper currency. The certificate was once redeemable for silver, but can now be exchanged for its face value. In many cases, though, collectors will purchase them for much more. The Bottom Line In the past, silver certificate dollar bills gave investors a way to hold the precious metal without actually having to buy it. But the U.S. government stopped printing these notes, diminishing their importance and overall value. Although collectors will pay top dollar for some of these certificates, don't get too excited if you find one in your billfold. Most will only get you the face value of the bill itself.
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https://www.investopedia.com/what-ex-ftx-ceo-s-guilty-verdict-means-for-the-crypto-markets-and-retail-investors-8386902
What Ex-FTX CEO's Guilty Verdict Means For The Crypto Markets And Retail Investors
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Former FTX CEO and founder Sam Bankman-Fried has been found guilty on all seven charges he faced in relation to the misuse of customer funds and eventual collapse of the exchange.</li><li>While the verdict may not have a direct price impact for crypto markets, some market watchers warn that it could provide a false buy signal for retail investors.</li><li>Some retail investors might be getting back into crypto, but they shouldn't be quick to restore their confidence in cryptocurrencies just yet.</li><li>There's renewed optimism around bitcoin as more traditional finance players move into the space, but that doesn't necessarily extend to all other cryptocurrencies.</li></ul><p><br/></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Almost exactly a year since FTX collapsed, its founder and former CEO was found guilty on multiple counts of fraud. While this verdict was expected by many, what does it mean for the future of the cryptocurrency markets and more importantly retail investors putting their money in them? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-there-going-to-be-a-price-impact-in-crypto-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Is There Going To Be a Price Impact In Crypto Markets? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> Despite the carnage in the crypto market last year, the asset class has enjoyed a rather positive 2023, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-s-on-a-tear-but-not-all-crypto-is-booming-8379526">especially when it comes to bitcoin</a>, and this verdict is unlikely to change that immediately. But it may also be giving some retail investors some false hope. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> "I do think that most retail investors fail to understand right now that there are still a significant amount of assets within the holdings of both FTX and Alameda that have yet to be liquidated," said Aaron Rafferty, CEO of StandardDAO, in an interview. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> The actual impact on prices of crypto such as bitcoin, ether and XRP will depend on when the liquidations begin, how much is sold, and how quickly. But Rafferty said they could end up hurting retail investors "that are looking at this verdict and saying, 'Wow, yeah, market as usual, let's buy, this is a great signal,' when truly it's, it's not yet." </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-should-the-verdict-restore-investor-confidence-in-crypto"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Should The Verdict Restore Investor Confidence in Crypto? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> The immediate fallout of the FTX bankruptcy was called crypto winter, which may be over. Volatility in tech stocks and a rebound in crypto prices, mainly bitcoin, saw investors cautiously return to crypto in October.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> But investors shouldn't be too quick to restore their faith in crypto after this verdict. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> "Crypto exchanges remain largely unregulated, and investors should not leave their crypto on exchange. You can and should take custody of your own assets. Use exchanges to trade but then remove them to your own wallet," Peter Eberle, CIO and President of Castle Funds, said in an email. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> Many who lost their money with FTX are still waiting to see refunds. The company recently announced a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/why-ftx-plan-to-refund-90-percent-of-recovered-assets-doesnt-add-up-to-90-percent-of-what-customers-lost-8362556">new plan</a> to refund up to 90% of distributable assets, but that's still many steps away from execution.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-an-image-makeover-for-crypto-markets"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> An Image Makeover For Crypto Markets? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> StandardDAO's Rafferty said he believes "that crypto forever has a stain on it for retail investors" and that it needs a rebrand. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> That might have already started with more traditional financial institutions entering the industry. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> "I was recently at the Coin-Alts conference in San Francisco and one of the speakers commented that no one in the conference was wearing hoodies unlike 2017 when the first conference took place. You are seeing more and more traditional finance people in the industry," Eberle said. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> One of the biggest takeaways of the verdict, according to Eberle, is that Bankman-Fried is no longer the face of crypto. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-where-does-crypto-go-from-here"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Where Does Crypto Go from Here? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> The presence of more traditional finance players is boosting investor sentiment to some extent.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> Overall optimism around the approval of a spot bitcoin ETF has increased ever since <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/blackrock-files-for-a-spot-bitcoin-etf-7547609">BlackRock originally filed</a> for their offering over the summer, and market participants <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-briefly-crosses-usd30k-on-etf-optimism-8364430">now see an approval as imminent</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> But that excitement around bitcoin may not extend to other cryptocurrencies. The Bitcoin Dominance Index is at levels not seen since March 2021.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> "The main point is we have massive tailwinds for bitcoin because of BlackRock, Fidelity, and two other trillion-dollar plus asset managers all applying for a spot bitcoin ETF, and that looks like it's going well," Swan Bitcoin Managing Director Terrence Yang told <em>Bloomberg</em>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> "On the other hand, you have crypto, which has destroyed many Americans' - especially poor and middle class - life savings through these pump and dumps, these digital penny stocks that these unregulated casinos are basically shilling on the American public, and that does not look so good," he said.<br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * Former FTX CEO and founder Sam Bankman-Fried has been found guilty on all seven charges he faced in relation to the misuse of customer funds and eventual collapse of the exchange. * While the verdict may not have a direct price impact for crypto markets, some market watchers warn that it could provide a false buy signal for retail investors. * Some retail investors might be getting back into crypto, but they shouldn't be quick to restore their confidence in cryptocurrencies just yet. * There's renewed optimism around bitcoin as more traditional finance players move into the space, but that doesn't necessarily extend to all other cryptocurrencies. Almost exactly a year since FTX collapsed, its founder and former CEO was found guilty on multiple counts of fraud. While this verdict was expected by many, what does it mean for the future of the cryptocurrency markets and more importantly retail investors putting their money in them? ## Is There Going To Be a Price Impact In Crypto Markets? Despite the carnage in the crypto market last year, the asset class has enjoyed a rather positive 2023, [especially when it comes to bitcoin](https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-s-on-a-tear-but-not-all-crypto-is-booming-8379526), and this verdict is unlikely to change that immediately. But it may also be giving some retail investors some false hope. "I do think that most retail investors fail to understand right now that there are still a significant amount of assets within the holdings of both FTX and Alameda that have yet to be liquidated," said Aaron Rafferty, CEO of StandardDAO, in an interview. The actual impact on prices of crypto such as bitcoin, ether and XRP will depend on when the liquidations begin, how much is sold, and how quickly. But Rafferty said they could end up hurting retail investors "that are looking at this verdict and saying, 'Wow, yeah, market as usual, let's buy, this is a great signal,' when truly it's, it's not yet." ## Should The Verdict Restore Investor Confidence in Crypto? The immediate fallout of the FTX bankruptcy was called crypto winter, which may be over. Volatility in tech stocks and a rebound in crypto prices, mainly bitcoin, saw investors cautiously return to crypto in October. But investors shouldn't be too quick to restore their faith in crypto after this verdict. "Crypto exchanges remain largely unregulated, and investors should not leave their crypto on exchange. You can and should take custody of your own assets. Use exchanges to trade but then remove them to your own wallet," Peter Eberle, CIO and President of Castle Funds, said in an email. Many who lost their money with FTX are still waiting to see refunds. The company recently announced a [new plan](https://www.investopedia.com/why-ftx-plan-to-refund-90-percent-of-recovered-assets-doesnt-add-up-to-90-percent-of-what-customers-lost-8362556) to refund up to 90% of distributable assets, but that's still many steps away from execution. ## An Image Makeover For Crypto Markets? StandardDAO's Rafferty said he believes "that crypto forever has a stain on it for retail investors" and that it needs a rebrand. That might have already started with more traditional financial institutions entering the industry. "I was recently at the Coin-Alts conference in San Francisco and one of the speakers commented that no one in the conference was wearing hoodies unlike 2017 when the first conference took place. You are seeing more and more traditional finance people in the industry," Eberle said. One of the biggest takeaways of the verdict, according to Eberle, is that Bankman-Fried is no longer the face of crypto. ## Where Does Crypto Go from Here? The presence of more traditional finance players is boosting investor sentiment to some extent. Overall optimism around the approval of a spot bitcoin ETF has increased ever since [BlackRock originally filed](https://www.investopedia.com/blackrock-files-for-a-spot-bitcoin-etf-7547609) for their offering over the summer, and market participants [now see an approval as imminent](https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-briefly-crosses-usd30k-on-etf-optimism-8364430). But that excitement around bitcoin may not extend to other cryptocurrencies. The Bitcoin Dominance Index is at levels not seen since March 2021. "The main point is we have massive tailwinds for bitcoin because of BlackRock, Fidelity, and two other trillion-dollar plus asset managers all applying for a spot bitcoin ETF, and that looks like it's going well," Swan Bitcoin Managing Director Terrence Yang told *Bloomberg*. "On the other hand, you have crypto, which has destroyed many Americans' - especially poor and middle class - life savings through these pump and dumps, these digital penny stocks that these unregulated casinos are basically shilling on the American public, and that does not look so good," he said. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways Former FTX CEO and founder Sam Bankman-Fried has been found guilty on all seven charges he faced in relation to the misuse of customer funds and eventual collapse of the exchange.While the verdict may not have a direct price impact for crypto markets, some market watchers warn that it could provide a false buy signal for retail investors.Some retail investors might be getting back into crypto, but they shouldn't be quick to restore their confidence in cryptocurrencies just yet.There's renewed optimism around bitcoin as more traditional finance players move into the space, but that doesn't necessarily extend to all other cryptocurrencies. Almost exactly a year since FTX collapsed, its founder and former CEO was found guilty on multiple counts of fraud. While this verdict was expected by many, what does it mean for the future of the cryptocurrency markets and more importantly retail investors putting their money in them? Is There Going To Be a Price Impact In Crypto Markets? Despite the carnage in the crypto market last year, the asset class has enjoyed a rather positive 2023, especially when it comes to bitcoin, and this verdict is unlikely to change that immediately. But it may also be giving some retail investors some false hope. "I do think that most retail investors fail to understand right now that there are still a significant amount of assets within the holdings of both FTX and Alameda that have yet to be liquidated," said Aaron Rafferty, CEO of StandardDAO, in an interview. The actual impact on prices of crypto such as bitcoin, ether and XRP will depend on when the liquidations begin, how much is sold, and how quickly. But Rafferty said they could end up hurting retail investors "that are looking at this verdict and saying, 'Wow, yeah, market as usual, let's buy, this is a great signal,' when truly it's, it's not yet." Should The Verdict Restore Investor Confidence in Crypto? The immediate fallout of the FTX bankruptcy was called crypto winter, which may be over. Volatility in tech stocks and a rebound in crypto prices, mainly bitcoin, saw investors cautiously return to crypto in October. But investors shouldn't be too quick to restore their faith in crypto after this verdict. "Crypto exchanges remain largely unregulated, and investors should not leave their crypto on exchange. You can and should take custody of your own assets. Use exchanges to trade but then remove them to your own wallet," Peter Eberle, CIO and President of Castle Funds, said in an email. Many who lost their money with FTX are still waiting to see refunds. The company recently announced a new plan to refund up to 90% of distributable assets, but that's still many steps away from execution. An Image Makeover For Crypto Markets? StandardDAO's Rafferty said he believes "that crypto forever has a stain on it for retail investors" and that it needs a rebrand. That might have already started with more traditional financial institutions entering the industry. "I was recently at the Coin-Alts conference in San Francisco and one of the speakers commented that no one in the conference was wearing hoodies unlike 2017 when the first conference took place. You are seeing more and more traditional finance people in the industry," Eberle said. One of the biggest takeaways of the verdict, according to Eberle, is that Bankman-Fried is no longer the face of crypto. Where Does Crypto Go from Here? The presence of more traditional finance players is boosting investor sentiment to some extent. Overall optimism around the approval of a spot bitcoin ETF has increased ever since BlackRock originally filed for their offering over the summer, and market participants now see an approval as imminent. But that excitement around bitcoin may not extend to other cryptocurrencies. The Bitcoin Dominance Index is at levels not seen since March 2021. "The main point is we have massive tailwinds for bitcoin because of BlackRock, Fidelity, and two other trillion-dollar plus asset managers all applying for a spot bitcoin ETF, and that looks like it's going well," Swan Bitcoin Managing Director Terrence Yang told Bloomberg. "On the other hand, you have crypto, which has destroyed many Americans' - especially poor and middle class - life savings through these pump and dumps, these digital penny stocks that these unregulated casinos are basically shilling on the American public, and that does not look so good," he said. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "especially when it comes to bitcoin", "https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-s-on-a-tear-but-not-all-crypto-is-booming-8379526" ], [ "new plan", "https://www.investopedia.com/why-ftx-plan-to-refund-90-percent-of-recovered-assets-doesnt-add-up-to-90-percent-of-what-customers-lost-8362556" ], [ "BlackRock originally filed", "https://www.investopedia.com/blackrock-files-for-a-spot-bitcoin-etf-7547609" ], [ "now see an approval as imminent", "https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-briefly-crosses-usd30k-on-etf-optimism-8364430" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/amer-sports-maker-of-wilson-tennis-rackets-files-for-ipo-8422764
Amer Sports, Maker of Wilson Tennis Rackets, Files for IPO
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Amer Sports filed for an initial public offering Thursday. </li><li>The sports equipment and apparel maker has been private since 2019 and has grown at at a compound annual rate of 20% since then. </li><li>This filing has given some fuel to hope that the IPO market will be reinvigorated in 2024.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Sporting equipment and apparel company Amer Sports filed for an initial public offering Thursday, adding to hopes that interest rate cuts investors expect in 2024 will reinvigorate the IPO market. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Amer Sports, which was founded in Finland in 1950, owns a portfolio of brands including Arc’teryx, Salomon, and Wilson. The company was listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki in 1977 before it was taken private in 2019 by a consortium led by ANTA Sports, China’s largest sporting goods company. Co-owners include Anamered Investments, the investment company of Lululemon founder Chip Wilson, FountainVest Partners, and Tencent.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Amer has grown at a compound annual rate of 20% since being taken private and sold more than $3.5 billion in merchandise in 2022, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> This latest filing has given hope to investors looking for an improvement in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tepid-ipo-market-shows-little-signs-of-strengthening-heading-into-2024-8407869">IPO market this year</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> IPOs ground to a halt in 2022 when 149 debuts raised about $21 billion—a sliver of the $282 billion raised in 908 IPOs the prior year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Things weren’t much better in 2023 when, according to Renaissance Capital, 108 IPOs raised $19.4 billion.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> But the outlook began to improve at the end of the year when chip designer Arm (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ARM">ARM</a>) raised nearly $5 billion in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/british-chip-designer-arm-debuts-on-nasdaq-in-biggest-us-ipo-since-2021-7969648">largest U.S. IPO since 2021</a>. Arm’s September debut opened the door for grocery delivery firm <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/instacart-debuts-on-nasdaq-after-raising-ipo-price-7971485">Instacart</a> (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CART">CART</a>) and sandal maker <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/birkenstock-shares-sink-on-their-first-day-of-trading-8350776">Birkenstock</a> (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BIRK">BIRK</a>). </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
### Key Takeaways * Amer Sports filed for an initial public offering Thursday. * The sports equipment and apparel maker has been private since 2019 and has grown at at a compound annual rate of 20% since then. * This filing has given some fuel to hope that the IPO market will be reinvigorated in 2024. Sporting equipment and apparel company Amer Sports filed for an initial public offering Thursday, adding to hopes that interest rate cuts investors expect in 2024 will reinvigorate the IPO market. Amer Sports, which was founded in Finland in 1950, owns a portfolio of brands including Arc’teryx, Salomon, and Wilson. The company was listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki in 1977 before it was taken private in 2019 by a consortium led by ANTA Sports, China’s largest sporting goods company. Co-owners include Anamered Investments, the investment company of Lululemon founder Chip Wilson, FountainVest Partners, and Tencent. Amer has grown at a compound annual rate of 20% since being taken private and sold more than $3.5 billion in merchandise in 2022, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing.  This latest filing has given hope to investors looking for an improvement in the [IPO market this year](https://www.investopedia.com/tepid-ipo-market-shows-little-signs-of-strengthening-heading-into-2024-8407869). IPOs ground to a halt in 2022 when 149 debuts raised about $21 billion—a sliver of the $282 billion raised in 908 IPOs the prior year. Things weren’t much better in 2023 when, according to Renaissance Capital, 108 IPOs raised $19.4 billion. But the outlook began to improve at the end of the year when chip designer Arm ([ARM](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ARM)) raised nearly $5 billion in the [largest U.S. IPO since 2021](https://www.investopedia.com/british-chip-designer-arm-debuts-on-nasdaq-in-biggest-us-ipo-since-2021-7969648). Arm’s September debut opened the door for grocery delivery firm [Instacart](https://www.investopedia.com/instacart-debuts-on-nasdaq-after-raising-ipo-price-7971485) ([CART](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CART)) and sandal maker [Birkenstock](https://www.investopedia.com/birkenstock-shares-sink-on-their-first-day-of-trading-8350776) ([BIRK](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BIRK)). Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Key Takeaways Amer Sports filed for an initial public offering Thursday. The sports equipment and apparel maker has been private since 2019 and has grown at at a compound annual rate of 20% since then. This filing has given some fuel to hope that the IPO market will be reinvigorated in 2024. Sporting equipment and apparel company Amer Sports filed for an initial public offering Thursday, adding to hopes that interest rate cuts investors expect in 2024 will reinvigorate the IPO market. Amer Sports, which was founded in Finland in 1950, owns a portfolio of brands including Arc’teryx, Salomon, and Wilson. The company was listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki in 1977 before it was taken private in 2019 by a consortium led by ANTA Sports, China’s largest sporting goods company. Co-owners include Anamered Investments, the investment company of Lululemon founder Chip Wilson, FountainVest Partners, and Tencent. Amer has grown at a compound annual rate of 20% since being taken private and sold more than $3.5 billion in merchandise in 2022, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing.  This latest filing has given hope to investors looking for an improvement in the IPO market this year. IPOs ground to a halt in 2022 when 149 debuts raised about $21 billion—a sliver of the $282 billion raised in 908 IPOs the prior year. Things weren’t much better in 2023 when, according to Renaissance Capital, 108 IPOs raised $19.4 billion. But the outlook began to improve at the end of the year when chip designer Arm (ARM) raised nearly $5 billion in the largest U.S. IPO since 2021. Arm’s September debut opened the door for grocery delivery firm Instacart (CART) and sandal maker Birkenstock (BIRK). Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "IPO market this year", "https://www.investopedia.com/tepid-ipo-market-shows-little-signs-of-strengthening-heading-into-2024-8407869" ], [ "ARM", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=ARM" ], [ "largest U.S. IPO since 2021", "https://www.investopedia.com/british-chip-designer-arm-debuts-on-nasdaq-in-biggest-us-ipo-since-2021-7969648" ], [ "Instacart", "https://www.investopedia.com/instacart-debuts-on-nasdaq-after-raising-ipo-price-7971485" ], [ "CART", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=CART" ], [ "Birkenstock", "https://www.investopedia.com/birkenstock-shares-sink-on-their-first-day-of-trading-8350776" ], [ "BIRK", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BIRK" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sovereign_wealth_fund.asp
Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF): Definition, Examples, and Types
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-sovereign-wealth-fund-swf"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund comprised of money generated by the government, often derived from a country's surplus reserves. SWFs provide a benefit for a country's economy and its citizens. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> The funding for a SWF can come from a variety of sources. Popular sources are surplus reserves from state-owned natural resource revenues, trade surpluses, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bank-reserve.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">bank reserves</a> that may accumulate from budgeting excesses, foreign currency operations, money from privatizations, and governmental transfer payments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> In general, sovereign wealth funds usually have a targeted purpose. Some countries have sovereign wealth funds that can be similar to venture capital for the private sector. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund.</li><li>Sovereign wealth funds can be derived from a variety of sources and used for a variety of purposes.</li><li>Acceptable investments in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-sovereign-wealth-funds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Similar to any type of investment fund, SWFs have their own objectives, terms, risk tolerances, liability matches, and liquidity concerns. Some funds may prefer returns over liquidity and vice versa. Depending on the assets and objectives, sovereign wealth funds’ risk management can range from very conservative to a high tolerance for risk. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-swfs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of SWFs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Traditional classifications of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.swfinstitute.org/sovereign-wealth-fund/">sovereign wealth fund</a>s include: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <li>Stabilization funds</li> <li>Savings or future generation funds</li> <li>Public benefit pension reserve funds</li> <li>Reserve investment funds</li> <li>Strategic Development Sovereign Wealth Funds (SDSWF)</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/international-petroleum-investment-company.asp">Funds targeting specific industries</a> (possibly emerging or distressed)</li> <li>Foreign currency reserve assets. (Some classifications may not consider these funds as SWFs.) Foreign currency reserve funds are powerful funds that may be used for specific governmental purposes and/or for helping to manage the trading power of a currency globally.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-investment-terms"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Investment Terms </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> The amount of money in a SWF is usually substantial. The acceptable investments included in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. Countries can create or dissolve SWFs to match the needs of their population. Funds with liquidity concerns may limit investments to only very liquid public <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtinstrument.asp">debt instruments</a>. In some cases, sovereign wealth funds will invest directly in domestic industries. Liquidity, debt, and allocation balances can be some of the key factors in investment terms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> There can be a concern that SWFs have a political influence. Some of the most <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-of-singapore-investment-corporation.asp">significant sovereign wealth funds</a> are not entirely transparent about their investments and corporate governance practices. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-real-world-examples"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Real-World Examples </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/sovereign-wealth-fund">top five largest SWFs</a> by assets as of August 2023 included:<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <ol class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> <li>Norway Government Pension Fund Global $1,477,729,733,526</li><li>China Investment Corporation $1,350,863,000,000</li><li>SAFE Investment Company $1,019,600,000,000</li><li>Abu Dhabi Investment Authority $853,000,000,000</li><li>Kuwait Investment Authority $803,000,000,000     </li><li>Public Investment Fund $776,657,356,350<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span>  </li> </ol> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Norway Government Pension Fund Global </span> </h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block with-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0">70%</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>The 2022 allocation of Norway's sovereign wealth fund in equities.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/news/5-largest-sovereign-wealth-funds/">Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global</a> is the largest in the world. It was established in 1990 as the Government Petroleum Fund, with the initial purpose of creating a fund to hold surplus revenues from the country’s oil trade. In 2006 it changed its name to the Norway Government Pension Fund Global.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> The Norway fund invests in equities, fixed income, and real estate. In 2022, it reported a return of -14.1%. In 2022, 70% of the fund was in equity, 3% in real estate, and 27% in fixed income.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> China Investment Corporation </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/china-inv-corp.asp">China Investment Corporation</a> is a $1.35 trillion SWF. This fund is used for managing a portion of the country’s foreign currency reserves.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> The Chinese Ministry of Finance established the China Investment Corporation in 2007 by issuing special bonds.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Public Pensions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-pension-investment-fund-gpif.asp">Government Pension Investment Fund Japan</a> are the two largest government public pension funds in the world. The SWF Institute doesn’t include these in the pure SWF rankings. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds has $2.8 trillion in total assets. The Government Pension Investment Fund for Japan has $1.5 trillion in assets.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> These funds focus on helping a growing elderly population from funding through the current labor force. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds invest in special issue securities.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> The Japan GPIF is more diversified with allocations to domestic bonds, foreign bonds, domestic equities, and foreign equities.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p></div>
## What Is a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)? A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund comprised of money generated by the government, often derived from a country's surplus reserves. SWFs provide a benefit for a country's economy and its citizens. The funding for a SWF can come from a variety of sources. Popular sources are surplus reserves from state-owned natural resource revenues, trade surpluses, [bank reserves](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bank-reserve.asp) that may accumulate from budgeting excesses, foreign currency operations, money from privatizations, and governmental transfer payments. In general, sovereign wealth funds usually have a targeted purpose. Some countries have sovereign wealth funds that can be similar to venture capital for the private sector. ### Key Takeaways * A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund. * Sovereign wealth funds can be derived from a variety of sources and used for a variety of purposes. * Acceptable investments in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. ## Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds Similar to any type of investment fund, SWFs have their own objectives, terms, risk tolerances, liability matches, and liquidity concerns. Some funds may prefer returns over liquidity and vice versa. Depending on the assets and objectives, sovereign wealth funds’ risk management can range from very conservative to a high tolerance for risk. ## Types of SWFs Traditional classifications of [sovereign wealth fund](https://www.swfinstitute.org/sovereign-wealth-fund/)s include: * Stabilization funds * Savings or future generation funds * Public benefit pension reserve funds * Reserve investment funds * Strategic Development Sovereign Wealth Funds (SDSWF) * [Funds targeting specific industries](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/international-petroleum-investment-company.asp) (possibly emerging or distressed) * Foreign currency reserve assets. (Some classifications may not consider these funds as SWFs.) Foreign currency reserve funds are powerful funds that may be used for specific governmental purposes and/or for helping to manage the trading power of a currency globally. ## Investment Terms The amount of money in a SWF is usually substantial. The acceptable investments included in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. Countries can create or dissolve SWFs to match the needs of their population. Funds with liquidity concerns may limit investments to only very liquid public [debt instruments](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtinstrument.asp). In some cases, sovereign wealth funds will invest directly in domestic industries. Liquidity, debt, and allocation balances can be some of the key factors in investment terms. There can be a concern that SWFs have a political influence. Some of the most [significant sovereign wealth funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-of-singapore-investment-corporation.asp) are not entirely transparent about their investments and corporate governance practices. ## Real-World Examples The [top five largest SWFs](https://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/sovereign-wealth-fund) by assets as of August 2023 included: 1. Norway Government Pension Fund Global $1,477,729,733,526 2. China Investment Corporation $1,350,863,000,000 3. SAFE Investment Company $1,019,600,000,000 4. Abu Dhabi Investment Authority $853,000,000,000 5. Kuwait Investment Authority $803,000,000,000 6. Public Investment Fund $776,657,356,350 ### Norway Government Pension Fund Global ### 70% The 2022 allocation of Norway's sovereign wealth fund in equities. [Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global](https://www.investopedia.com/news/5-largest-sovereign-wealth-funds/) is the largest in the world. It was established in 1990 as the Government Petroleum Fund, with the initial purpose of creating a fund to hold surplus revenues from the country’s oil trade. In 2006 it changed its name to the Norway Government Pension Fund Global. The Norway fund invests in equities, fixed income, and real estate. In 2022, it reported a return of -14.1%. In 2022, 70% of the fund was in equity, 3% in real estate, and 27% in fixed income. ### China Investment Corporation The [China Investment Corporation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/china-inv-corp.asp) is a $1.35 trillion SWF. This fund is used for managing a portion of the country’s foreign currency reserves. The Chinese Ministry of Finance established the China Investment Corporation in 2007 by issuing special bonds. ### Public Pensions The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds and the [Government Pension Investment Fund Japan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-pension-investment-fund-gpif.asp) are the two largest government public pension funds in the world. The SWF Institute doesn’t include these in the pure SWF rankings. The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds has $2.8 trillion in total assets. The Government Pension Investment Fund for Japan has $1.5 trillion in assets. These funds focus on helping a growing elderly population from funding through the current labor force. The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds invest in special issue securities. The Japan GPIF is more diversified with allocations to domestic bonds, foreign bonds, domestic equities, and foreign equities.
What Is a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)? A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund comprised of money generated by the government, often derived from a country's surplus reserves. SWFs provide a benefit for a country's economy and its citizens. The funding for a SWF can come from a variety of sources. Popular sources are surplus reserves from state-owned natural resource revenues, trade surpluses, bank reserves that may accumulate from budgeting excesses, foreign currency operations, money from privatizations, and governmental transfer payments. In general, sovereign wealth funds usually have a targeted purpose. Some countries have sovereign wealth funds that can be similar to venture capital for the private sector. Key Takeaways A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund.Sovereign wealth funds can be derived from a variety of sources and used for a variety of purposes.Acceptable investments in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds Similar to any type of investment fund, SWFs have their own objectives, terms, risk tolerances, liability matches, and liquidity concerns. Some funds may prefer returns over liquidity and vice versa. Depending on the assets and objectives, sovereign wealth funds’ risk management can range from very conservative to a high tolerance for risk. Types of SWFs Traditional classifications of sovereign wealth funds include: Stabilization funds Savings or future generation funds Public benefit pension reserve funds Reserve investment funds Strategic Development Sovereign Wealth Funds (SDSWF) Funds targeting specific industries (possibly emerging or distressed) Foreign currency reserve assets. (Some classifications may not consider these funds as SWFs.) Foreign currency reserve funds are powerful funds that may be used for specific governmental purposes and/or for helping to manage the trading power of a currency globally. Investment Terms The amount of money in a SWF is usually substantial. The acceptable investments included in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. Countries can create or dissolve SWFs to match the needs of their population. Funds with liquidity concerns may limit investments to only very liquid public debt instruments. In some cases, sovereign wealth funds will invest directly in domestic industries. Liquidity, debt, and allocation balances can be some of the key factors in investment terms. There can be a concern that SWFs have a political influence. Some of the most significant sovereign wealth funds are not entirely transparent about their investments and corporate governance practices. Real-World Examples The top five largest SWFs by assets as of August 2023 included: Norway Government Pension Fund Global $1,477,729,733,526China Investment Corporation $1,350,863,000,000SAFE Investment Company $1,019,600,000,000Abu Dhabi Investment Authority $853,000,000,000Kuwait Investment Authority $803,000,000,000     Public Investment Fund $776,657,356,350   Norway Government Pension Fund Global 70% The 2022 allocation of Norway's sovereign wealth fund in equities. Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global is the largest in the world. It was established in 1990 as the Government Petroleum Fund, with the initial purpose of creating a fund to hold surplus revenues from the country’s oil trade. In 2006 it changed its name to the Norway Government Pension Fund Global. The Norway fund invests in equities, fixed income, and real estate. In 2022, it reported a return of -14.1%. In 2022, 70% of the fund was in equity, 3% in real estate, and 27% in fixed income. China Investment Corporation The China Investment Corporation is a $1.35 trillion SWF. This fund is used for managing a portion of the country’s foreign currency reserves. The Chinese Ministry of Finance established the China Investment Corporation in 2007 by issuing special bonds. Public Pensions The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds and the Government Pension Investment Fund Japan are the two largest government public pension funds in the world. The SWF Institute doesn’t include these in the pure SWF rankings. The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds has $2.8 trillion in total assets. The Government Pension Investment Fund for Japan has $1.5 trillion in assets. These funds focus on helping a growing elderly population from funding through the current labor force. The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds invest in special issue securities. The Japan GPIF is more diversified with allocations to domestic bonds, foreign bonds, domestic equities, and foreign equities.
[ [ "bank reserves", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bank-reserve.asp" ], [ "sovereign wealth fund", "https://www.swfinstitute.org/sovereign-wealth-fund/" ], [ "Funds targeting specific industries", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/international-petroleum-investment-company.asp" ], [ "debt instruments", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtinstrument.asp" ], [ "significant sovereign wealth funds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-of-singapore-investment-corporation.asp" ], [ "top five largest SWFs", "https://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/sovereign-wealth-fund" ], [ "Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global", "https://www.investopedia.com/news/5-largest-sovereign-wealth-funds/" ], [ "China Investment Corporation", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/china-inv-corp.asp" ], [ "Government Pension Investment Fund Japan", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-pension-investment-fund-gpif.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/whipsaw.asp
Whipsaw: Definition, What Happens to Stock Price, and Example
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-whipsaw"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Whipsaw? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Whipsaw describes the movement of a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/security.asp">security</a> when, at a particular time, the security's price is moving in one direction but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> There are two types of whipsaw patterns. The first involves an upward movement in a share price, which is then followed by a drastic downward move causing the share's price to fall relative to its original position. The second type occurs when a share price drops in value for a short time and then suddenly surges upward to a positive gain relative to the stock's original position. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Whipsaw describes the movement of stocks in a volatile market when a stock price will suddenly switch direction.</li><li>There is no set rule as to how to manage whipsaw movements in a volatile market as it is an unexpected movement.</li><li>Whipsaw in trading securities often results in trading losses.</li><li>Day traders expect whipsaw movements and often assume long-term, buy and hold positions to ride out the fluctuations in price to avoid a loss.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-whipsaws"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Whipsaws </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The origin of the term whipsaw is derived from the push and pull action of lumberjacks when cutting wood with a saw of the same name. A trader is considered to be "whipsawed" when the price of a security they have just invested in abruptly moves in the opposite and unexpected direction. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Whipsaw patterns most notably occur in a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatile</a> market in which price fluctuations are unpredictable. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/daytrader.asp">Day traders</a> or other short-term investors are accustomed to being whipsawed. Those who have a long-term, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyandhold.asp">buy and hold</a> approach to investing can often ride out the volatility of the market and emerge with positive gains. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> For example, when an investor goes <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long.asp">long</a> on a stock, the expectation is that the price will increase in value over time. However, there are many occasions when an investor purchases shares of a company at the top of a market rally. The investor buys a stock at its peak assuming that it will continue to post significant gains. Almost immediately after purchasing the stock, the company releases a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earningsreport.asp">quarterly report</a> that shakes investor confidence and causes the stock to decline in value by more than 10%, never to recover. The investor is holding the stock at a loss, with no option to sell the stock, effectively whipsawed. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> Conversely, some investors, specifically those who <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortselling.asp">short sell</a>, can face a whipsaw at the bottom of a market. For example, an investor may anticipate a downturn in the economy and purchase put options on the S&amp;P 500. The investor profits if the market continues to decline. However, almost immediately after purchasing the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/putoption.asp">put options</a>, the market unexpectedly <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rally.asp">rallies</a>, and the investor's options quickly become "out of the money," or worthless. In this case, the whipsaw occurs during a recovery phase, and the investor loses the investment. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-special-considerations"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Special Considerations </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Financial markets change abruptly. Many <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/09/mcginley-dynamic-indicator.asp">analysts seek models that explain patterns</a> in the markets so that an investor can select the right asset classes. A study by Sonam Srivastava and Ritabrata Bhattacharyya, titled, "Evaluating the Building Blocks of a Dynamically Adaptive Systematic Trading Strategy," explains that stock<strong> </strong>patterns vary because of fundamental changes in macroeconomic variables, policies, or regulations.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> The authors state that a trader needs to adapt their trading style to leverage the different phases in the stock markets. They also suggest that investors select asset classes in different market regimes to ensure a stable risk-adjusted return profile.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> However, different experts will offer different advice. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> A whipsaw references any price movement that is in the opposite direction of a trader's intended bet, often resulting in a loss, or if they are able, to ride out the fluctuations in price to maintain the investment and even realize a profit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-real-world-example"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Real World Example </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Stocks have whipsawed recently due to uncertainty about the future of the economy, rising inflation, and geopolitical unrest. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> To weather the volatility, experts recommend that investors stick to a long-term strategy that plays to their strengths and follow that strategy regardless of whipsaw movements. In terms of investment, another expert recommended investing in more stable sectors such as healthcare and avoiding more volatile sectors such as real estate. Most experts were expecting significant volatility in the short term, and one recommended assuming a defensive position. However, they did also state that a long-term portfolio based on the stock would win out.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:79.7%;"> <img alt="Whipsaw" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/quLw-dIHioYgUywhNlA5z8Otu84=/311x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AT-whipsaw-5c0592cc46e0fb0001eaebb7" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/2kcDTl-vTxcZWpdueJIbUHyUNYw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AT-whipsaw-5c0592cc46e0fb0001eaebb7" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/oFgd36GPddpyue_0_FN_NThdJDU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AT-whipsaw-5c0592cc46e0fb0001eaebb7 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="248" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="311"/> <noscript> <img alt="Whipsaw" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="248" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/2kcDTl-vTxcZWpdueJIbUHyUNYw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AT-whipsaw-5c0592cc46e0fb0001eaebb7" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/oFgd36GPddpyue_0_FN_NThdJDU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AT-whipsaw-5c0592cc46e0fb0001eaebb7 750w" width="311"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-traders-profit-from-whipsaws"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Can Traders Profit from Whipsaws?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>While it may look like a sideways market, whipsaws imply that there are large up and down swings within a certain trading band. This can be profitable for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swingtrading.asp">swing traders</a> who can catch momentum both up and down as the market oscillates. Buying <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/longstraddle.asp">long straddles</a> in the options market is another strategy that can profit as prices move both up and down.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-whipsaws-hurt-traders"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Can Whipsaws Hurt Traders?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Whipsaws can cause losses for traders by triggering closing trades, only to be reversed in short order. Traders are often <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stoppedout.asp">stopped out</a> when a market whipsaws, or moves sharply in one direction before returning to its original state. For example, a stock may whipsaw during an earnings announcement or other market moving event. This can execute stop-loss orders that close out positions, even as the stock subsequently rebounds.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-technical-indicators-can-be-used-to-spot-whipsaws"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Technical Indicators Can Be Used to Spot Whipsaws?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Certain technical indicators are useful in identifying a whipsawing market. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/08/moving-average-envelope.asp">Envelopes</a>, momentum indicators, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/parabolicindicator.asp">parabolic SAR</a>, and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/072115/understand-vortex-indicator-trading-strategies.asp">vortex indicato</a>r are some good examples.</p></div> </div></div>
## What Is Whipsaw? Whipsaw describes the movement of a [security](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/security.asp) when, at a particular time, the security's price is moving in one direction but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction. There are two types of whipsaw patterns. The first involves an upward movement in a share price, which is then followed by a drastic downward move causing the share's price to fall relative to its original position. The second type occurs when a share price drops in value for a short time and then suddenly surges upward to a positive gain relative to the stock's original position. ### Key Takeaways * Whipsaw describes the movement of stocks in a volatile market when a stock price will suddenly switch direction. * There is no set rule as to how to manage whipsaw movements in a volatile market as it is an unexpected movement. * Whipsaw in trading securities often results in trading losses. * Day traders expect whipsaw movements and often assume long-term, buy and hold positions to ride out the fluctuations in price to avoid a loss. ## Understanding Whipsaws The origin of the term whipsaw is derived from the push and pull action of lumberjacks when cutting wood with a saw of the same name. A trader is considered to be "whipsawed" when the price of a security they have just invested in abruptly moves in the opposite and unexpected direction. Whipsaw patterns most notably occur in a [volatile](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) market in which price fluctuations are unpredictable. [Day traders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/daytrader.asp) or other short-term investors are accustomed to being whipsawed. Those who have a long-term, [buy and hold](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyandhold.asp) approach to investing can often ride out the volatility of the market and emerge with positive gains. For example, when an investor goes [long](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/long.asp) on a stock, the expectation is that the price will increase in value over time. However, there are many occasions when an investor purchases shares of a company at the top of a market rally. The investor buys a stock at its peak assuming that it will continue to post significant gains. Almost immediately after purchasing the stock, the company releases a [quarterly report](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earningsreport.asp) that shakes investor confidence and causes the stock to decline in value by more than 10%, never to recover. The investor is holding the stock at a loss, with no option to sell the stock, effectively whipsawed. Conversely, some investors, specifically those who [short sell](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortselling.asp), can face a whipsaw at the bottom of a market. For example, an investor may anticipate a downturn in the economy and purchase put options on the S&P 500. The investor profits if the market continues to decline. However, almost immediately after purchasing the [put options](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/putoption.asp), the market unexpectedly [rallies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rally.asp), and the investor's options quickly become "out of the money," or worthless. In this case, the whipsaw occurs during a recovery phase, and the investor loses the investment. ## Special Considerations Financial markets change abruptly. Many [analysts seek models that explain patterns](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/09/mcginley-dynamic-indicator.asp) in the markets so that an investor can select the right asset classes. A study by Sonam Srivastava and Ritabrata Bhattacharyya, titled, "Evaluating the Building Blocks of a Dynamically Adaptive Systematic Trading Strategy," explains that stockpatterns vary because of fundamental changes in macroeconomic variables, policies, or regulations. The authors state that a trader needs to adapt their trading style to leverage the different phases in the stock markets. They also suggest that investors select asset classes in different market regimes to ensure a stable risk-adjusted return profile. However, different experts will offer different advice. A whipsaw references any price movement that is in the opposite direction of a trader's intended bet, often resulting in a loss, or if they are able, to ride out the fluctuations in price to maintain the investment and even realize a profit. ## Real World Example Stocks have whipsawed recently due to uncertainty about the future of the economy, rising inflation, and geopolitical unrest. To weather the volatility, experts recommend that investors stick to a long-term strategy that plays to their strengths and follow that strategy regardless of whipsaw movements. In terms of investment, another expert recommended investing in more stable sectors such as healthcare and avoiding more volatile sectors such as real estate. Most experts were expecting significant volatility in the short term, and one recommended assuming a defensive position. However, they did also state that a long-term portfolio based on the stock would win out. ![Whipsaw]() ![Whipsaw](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/2kcDTl-vTxcZWpdueJIbUHyUNYw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/AT-whipsaw-5c0592cc46e0fb0001eaebb7) ## How Can Traders Profit from Whipsaws? While it may look like a sideways market, whipsaws imply that there are large up and down swings within a certain trading band. This can be profitable for [swing traders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swingtrading.asp) who can catch momentum both up and down as the market oscillates. Buying [long straddles](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/longstraddle.asp) in the options market is another strategy that can profit as prices move both up and down. ## How Can Whipsaws Hurt Traders? Whipsaws can cause losses for traders by triggering closing trades, only to be reversed in short order. Traders are often [stopped out](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stoppedout.asp) when a market whipsaws, or moves sharply in one direction before returning to its original state. For example, a stock may whipsaw during an earnings announcement or other market moving event. This can execute stop-loss orders that close out positions, even as the stock subsequently rebounds. ## What Technical Indicators Can Be Used to Spot Whipsaws? Certain technical indicators are useful in identifying a whipsawing market. [Envelopes](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/08/moving-average-envelope.asp), momentum indicators, [parabolic SAR](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/parabolicindicator.asp), and the [vortex indicato](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/072115/understand-vortex-indicator-trading-strategies.asp)r are some good examples.
What Is Whipsaw? Whipsaw describes the movement of a security when, at a particular time, the security's price is moving in one direction but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction. There are two types of whipsaw patterns. The first involves an upward movement in a share price, which is then followed by a drastic downward move causing the share's price to fall relative to its original position. The second type occurs when a share price drops in value for a short time and then suddenly surges upward to a positive gain relative to the stock's original position. Key Takeaways Whipsaw describes the movement of stocks in a volatile market when a stock price will suddenly switch direction.There is no set rule as to how to manage whipsaw movements in a volatile market as it is an unexpected movement.Whipsaw in trading securities often results in trading losses.Day traders expect whipsaw movements and often assume long-term, buy and hold positions to ride out the fluctuations in price to avoid a loss. Understanding Whipsaws The origin of the term whipsaw is derived from the push and pull action of lumberjacks when cutting wood with a saw of the same name. A trader is considered to be "whipsawed" when the price of a security they have just invested in abruptly moves in the opposite and unexpected direction. Whipsaw patterns most notably occur in a volatile market in which price fluctuations are unpredictable. Day traders or other short-term investors are accustomed to being whipsawed. Those who have a long-term, buy and hold approach to investing can often ride out the volatility of the market and emerge with positive gains. For example, when an investor goes long on a stock, the expectation is that the price will increase in value over time. However, there are many occasions when an investor purchases shares of a company at the top of a market rally. The investor buys a stock at its peak assuming that it will continue to post significant gains. Almost immediately after purchasing the stock, the company releases a quarterly report that shakes investor confidence and causes the stock to decline in value by more than 10%, never to recover. The investor is holding the stock at a loss, with no option to sell the stock, effectively whipsawed. Conversely, some investors, specifically those who short sell, can face a whipsaw at the bottom of a market. For example, an investor may anticipate a downturn in the economy and purchase put options on the S&P 500. The investor profits if the market continues to decline. However, almost immediately after purchasing the put options, the market unexpectedly rallies, and the investor's options quickly become "out of the money," or worthless. In this case, the whipsaw occurs during a recovery phase, and the investor loses the investment. Special Considerations Financial markets change abruptly. Many analysts seek models that explain patterns in the markets so that an investor can select the right asset classes. A study by Sonam Srivastava and Ritabrata Bhattacharyya, titled, "Evaluating the Building Blocks of a Dynamically Adaptive Systematic Trading Strategy," explains that stock patterns vary because of fundamental changes in macroeconomic variables, policies, or regulations. The authors state that a trader needs to adapt their trading style to leverage the different phases in the stock markets. They also suggest that investors select asset classes in different market regimes to ensure a stable risk-adjusted return profile. However, different experts will offer different advice. A whipsaw references any price movement that is in the opposite direction of a trader's intended bet, often resulting in a loss, or if they are able, to ride out the fluctuations in price to maintain the investment and even realize a profit. Real World Example Stocks have whipsawed recently due to uncertainty about the future of the economy, rising inflation, and geopolitical unrest. To weather the volatility, experts recommend that investors stick to a long-term strategy that plays to their strengths and follow that strategy regardless of whipsaw movements. In terms of investment, another expert recommended investing in more stable sectors such as healthcare and avoiding more volatile sectors such as real estate. Most experts were expecting significant volatility in the short term, and one recommended assuming a defensive position. However, they did also state that a long-term portfolio based on the stock would win out. How Can Traders Profit from Whipsaws? While it may look like a sideways market, whipsaws imply that there are large up and down swings within a certain trading band. This can be profitable for swing traders who can catch momentum both up and down as the market oscillates. Buying long straddles in the options market is another strategy that can profit as prices move both up and down. How Can Whipsaws Hurt Traders? Whipsaws can cause losses for traders by triggering closing trades, only to be reversed in short order. Traders are often stopped out when a market whipsaws, or moves sharply in one direction before returning to its original state. For example, a stock may whipsaw during an earnings announcement or other market moving event. This can execute stop-loss orders that close out positions, even as the stock subsequently rebounds. What Technical Indicators Can Be Used to Spot Whipsaws? Certain technical indicators are useful in identifying a whipsawing market. Envelopes, momentum indicators, parabolic SAR, and the vortex indicator are some good examples.
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https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/11/5-steps-to-retirement-plan.asp
5 Retirement Planning Steps to Take
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Retirement planning is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/retirement-planning-doesnt-stop-when-you-retire/">multistep process that evolves over time</a>. To have a comfortable, secure—and fun—retirement, you need to build the financial cushion that will fund it all. The fun part is why it makes sense to pay attention to the serious—and perhaps boring—part: planning how you’ll get there. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Retirement planning starts with thinking about your retirement goals and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/401k-age-limits-too-young-5323754">how long you have to meet them</a>. Then you need to look at the types of retirement accounts that can help you raise the money to fund your future. As you save that money, you have to invest it to enable it to grow. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> The last part of planning is taxes: If you’ve received <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-deduction.asp">tax deductions</a> over the years for the money that you’ve contributed to your retirement accounts, then a significant tax bill awaits when you start withdrawing those savings. There are ways to minimize the retirement tax hit while you save for the future—and to continue the process when that day arrives and you actually stop working. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> We’ll get into all of these issues here. But first, start by learning the five steps that everyone should take, no matter what their age, to build a solid retirement plan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>Retirement planning should include determining time horizons, estimating expenses, calculating required after-tax returns, assessing <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risktolerance.asp">risk tolerance</a>, and doing estate planning.</li> <li>Start planning for retirement as soon as you can to take advantage of the power of compounding.</li> <li>Younger investors can take more risk with their investments, while investors closer to retirement should be more conservative. </li> <li>Retirement plans evolve through the years, which means portfolios should be rebalanced and estate plans updated as needed.</li> <li>Your career, family size, age of retirement, and post-retirement goals will all factor in to retirement planning. </li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-do-you-need-to-save-for-retirement"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Much Do You Need to Save for Retirement? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Before anyone starts crunching the numbers on their retirement goals, they will need a good idea of how much <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/112915/how-much-money-do-you-need-retire-56.asp">money they need to save</a>. Naturally, this will depend on many situational factors, such as their annual income and the age when they plan to retire. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> While there is no fixed rule about how much money to save, many retirement experts offer rules of thumb such as saving about $1 million, or 12 years of one's pre-retirement annual income. Others recommend <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.merrilledge.com/article/how-much-do-you-really-need-to-save-for-retirement" rel="sponsored nofollow">the 4% rule</a>, which suggests that retirees should spend no more than 4% of their retirement savings each year in order to ensure a comfortable retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Since everyone's circumstances are different, it is worth sitting down to calculate the ideal retirement savings for your own situation.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>Order your copy of the print edition of <a data-component="amazon" data-ordinal="1" data-source="affiliate" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CKKSVGP6" rel="sponsored nofollow">Investopedia's Retirement Guide</a> for more assistance in building the best plan for your retirement.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-factors-to-consider"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Factors to Consider </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> As you begin to think about retirement, it is worthwhile to consider some of the factors that will affect your retirement goals. For example: what are your family plans? For many people, starting a family is a central life goal, but having children can also put a large dent in your savings. For that reason, the type of family you hope to have will play a factor in your retirement planning. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Likewise, it is also worth thinking about <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/07/retirement-questions.asp">your plans for retirement</a>, including any changes to your home or residence. Many people dream of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/traveling-during-retirement-7564945">travel during retirement</a>, and while it can be an exciting adventure, extensive travel will eat away at your retirement savings faster than staying at home. On the other hand, moving to a country with an extremely low cost of living may allow you to stretch out your savings while enjoying a high living standard. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> Finally, one should also consider the different types of tax-advantaged retirement accounts. Most Americans qualify for social security, but those benefits are rarely enough to support all of their expenses in retirement. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> While pension funds were once the norm for skilled professionals, they have largely been replaced by self-funded plans like 401(k) or IRA accounts. Since these have a maximum contribution limit, your retirement strategy will depend on what types of tax-advantaged accounts are available to you. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Once you have thought these factors through, these are the next steps for planning your retirement: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1-understand-your-time-horizon"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1. Understand Your Time Horizon </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Your current age and expected retirement age create the initial groundwork for an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120314/top-retirement-strategies-small-business-owners.asp">effective retirement strategy</a>. The longer the time from today to retirement, the higher the level of risk that your portfolio can withstand. If you’re young and have 30-plus years until retirement, you can have the majority of your assets in riskier investments, such as stocks. There will be volatility, but <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/08/stocks-bonds-performance.asp">stocks have historically outperformed other securities</a>, such as bonds, over long time periods. The main word here is “long,” meaning at least more than 10 years. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Additionally, you need returns that outpace inflation so you can maintain your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/purchasingpower.asp">purchasing power</a> during retirement. “Inflation is like an acorn. It starts out small, but given enough time, can turn into a mighty oak tree,” says Chris Hammond, a Savannah, Tenn., financial advisor and founder of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://retirementplanningmadeeasy.com/">RetirementPlanningMadeEasy.com</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> “We’ve all heard—and want—compound growth on our money,” Hammond adds. “Well, inflation is like ‘compound anti-growth,’ as it erodes the value of your money. A seemingly small inflation rate of 3% will erode the value of your savings by 50% over approximately 24 years. Doesn’t seem like much each year, but given enough time, it has a huge impact.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> In general, the older you are, the more your portfolio should be focused on income and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preservationofcapital.asp">preservation of capital</a>. This means a higher allocation in less risky securities, such as bonds, that won’t give you the returns of stocks but will be less volatile and provide income that you can use to live on. You will also have less concern about inflation. A 64-year-old who is planning on retiring next year does not have the same issues about a rise in the cost of living as a much younger professional who has just entered the workforce. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> You should break up your retirement plan into multiple components. Let’s say a parent wants to retire in two years, pay for a child’s education at age 18, and move to Florida. From the perspective of forming a retirement plan, the investment strategy would be broken up into three periods: two years until retirement (contributions are still made into the plan), saving and paying for college, and living in Florida (regular withdrawals to cover living expenses). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-analysis/090216/7-steps-create-10-year-retirement-plan.asp">multistage retirement plan</a> must integrate various time horizons, along with the corresponding <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp">liquidity</a> needs, to determine the optimal allocation strategy. You should also be <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/rebalance-your-portfolio-stay-on-track/">rebalancing your portfolio</a> over time as your time horizon changes. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>You might not think that saving a few bucks here and there in your 20s means much, but the power of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compounding.asp">compounding</a> will make it worth much more by the time you need it.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-2-determine-retirement-spending-needs"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 2. Determine Retirement Spending Needs </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> Having realistic expectations about <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/110315/4-phases-retirement-and-how-budget-them.asp">post-retirement spending habits</a> will help you define the required size of a retirement portfolio. Most people believe that after retirement, their annual spending will amount to only 70% to 80% of what they spent previously.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"> Such an assumption is often proven unrealistic, especially if the mortgage has not been paid off or if unforeseen medical expenses occur. Retired adults also sometimes spend their first years splurging on travel or other bucket-list goals. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> “For retired adults to have <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-advisors/122815/how-much-millennials-should-save-retire-comfortably.asp">enough savings for retirement</a>, I believe that the ratio should be closer to 100%,” says David G. Niggel, CFP, ChFC, AIF, founder, president, and CEO of Key Wealth Partners LLC in Litilz, Pa.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> “The cost of living is increasing every year—especially healthcare expenses. People are living longer and want to thrive in retirement. Retired adults need more income for a longer time, so they will need to save and invest accordingly.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"> As, by definition, retired adults are no longer at work for eight or more hours a day, they have more time to travel, go sightseeing, shop, and engage in other expensive activities. Accurate retirement spending goals help in the planning process as more spending in the future requires additional savings today. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"> “One of the factors—if not the largest—in the longevity of your retirement portfolio is your withdrawal rate. Having an accurate estimate of what your expenses will be in retirement is so important because it will affect how much you withdraw each year and how you invest your account. If you understate your expenses, you easily outlive your portfolio, or if you overstate your expenses, you can risk not living the type of lifestyle you want in retirement,” says Kevin Michels, CFP, EA, financial planner, and president of Medicus Wealth Planning in Draper, Utah.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"> Your longevity also needs to be considered when planning for retirement, so you don’t outlast your savings. The average life span of individuals is increasing.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-tip" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/actuarial-life-table.asp#axzz1QUEoyHZs">Actuarial life tables</a> are available to estimate the longevity rates of individuals and couples (this is referred to as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/longevityrisk.asp">longevity risk</a>).</p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> Additionally, you might need <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/how-sabotage-your-retirement/">more money than you think</a> if you want to purchase a home or fund your children’s education post-retirement. Those outlays have to be factored into the overall retirement plan. Remember to update your plan once a year to make sure that you are keeping on track with your savings. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> “Retirement planning accuracy can be improved by specifying and estimating early retirement activities, accounting for unexpected expenses in middle retirement, and forecasting what-if late-retirement medical costs,” explains Alex Whitehouse, AIF, CRPC, CWS, president, and CEO of Whitehouse Wealth Management in Vancouver, Wash.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-3-calculate-after-tax-rate-of-investment-returns"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 3. Calculate After-Tax Rate of Investment Returns </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> Once the expected time horizons and spending requirements are determined, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/after-tax-real-rate-of-return.asp">after-tax real rate of return</a> must be calculated to assess the feasibility of the portfolio producing the needed income. A required rate of return in excess of 10% (before taxes) is normally <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/052716/retirement-planning-why-real-rates-return-matter-most.asp">an unrealistic expectation</a>, even for long-term investing. As you age, this return threshold goes down, as low-risk retirement portfolios are largely composed of low-yielding fixed-income securities. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"> If, for example, an individual has a retirement portfolio worth $400,000 and income needs of $50,000, assuming no taxes and the preservation of the portfolio balance, they are relying on an excessive 12.5% return to get by. A primary advantage of planning for retirement at an early age is that the portfolio can be grown to safeguard a realistic rate of return. Using a gross retirement investment account of $1 million, the expected return would be a much more reasonable 5%. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"> Depending on the type of retirement account that you hold, investment returns are typically taxed. Therefore, the actual rate of return must be calculated on an after-tax basis. However, determining your tax status when you begin to withdraw funds is a crucial component of the retirement planning process. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-4-assess-risk-tolerance-vs-investment-goals"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 4. Assess Risk Tolerance vs. Investment Goals </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"> Whether it’s you or a professional money manager who is in charge of the investment decisions, a proper portfolio allocation that balances the concerns of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskaverse.asp">risk aversion</a> and returns objectives is arguably the most important step in retirement planning. How much risk are you willing to take to meet your objectives? Should some income be set aside in risk-free <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/treasurybond.asp">Treasury bonds</a> for required expenditures? </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> You need to make sure that you are comfortable with the risks being taken in your portfolio and know what is necessary and what is a luxury. “Don’t be a ‘micromanager’ who reacts to daily market noise,” advises Craig L. Israelsen, Ph.D., designer of 7Twelve Portfolio in Springville, Utah.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"> “'Helicopter’ investors tend to overmanage their portfolios," Israelsen adds. "When the various mutual funds in your portfolio have a bad year, add more money to them. The mutual fund you are unhappy with this year may be next year’s best performer—so don’t bail out on it.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"> “Markets will go through long cycles of up and down and, if you are investing money you won’t need to touch for 40 years, you can afford to see your portfolio value rise and fall with those cycles,” says John R. Frye, CFA, senior advisor at Carnegie Investment Counsel.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> “When the market declines, buy—don’t sell. Refuse to give in to panic. If shirts went on sale, 20% off, you’d want to buy, right? Why not stocks if they went on sale 20% off?” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block with-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_5-0">$12.06 million</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_5-0"><p>The 2022 ceiling for assets in an estate that are exempt from federal <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/estatetax.asp">estate taxes</a>. Amounts above that limit are subject to estate taxes.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-5-stay-on-top-of-estate-planning"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 5. Stay on Top of Estate Planning </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/122915/4-reasons-estate-planning-so-important.asp">Estate planning</a> is another key step in a well-rounded retirement plan, and each aspect requires the expertise of different professionals, such as lawyers and accountants, in that specific field. Life insurance is also <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/10/estate-planning-checklist.asp">an important part of an estate plan</a> and the retirement planning process. Having both a proper estate plan and life insurance coverage ensures that your assets are distributed in a manner of your choosing and that your loved ones will not experience financial hardship following your death. A carefully outlined plan also aids in avoiding an expensive and often lengthy probate process. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> Tax planning is another crucial part of the estate planning process. If an individual wishes to leave assets to family members or a charity, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120715/estate-taxes-who-pays-what-and-how-much.asp">tax implications</a> of either gifting or passing them through the estate process must be compared. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"> A common retirement plan investment approach is based on producing returns that meet yearly inflation-adjusted living expenses while preserving the value of the portfolio. The portfolio is then transferred to the beneficiaries of the deceased. You should consult a tax advisor to determine the correct plan for the individual. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> “Estate planning will vary over an investor’s lifetime,” says Mark T. Hebner, founder and president of Index Fund Advisors Inc. in Irvine, Calif., and author of <em>Index Funds: The 12-Step Recovery Program for Active Investors</em>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> “Early on, matters such as powers of attorney and wills are necessary. Once you start a family, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trust.asp">trust</a> may be something that becomes an important component of your financial plan. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"> “Later on in life, how you would like your money disbursed will be of the utmost importance in terms of cost and taxes,” Hebner adds. “Working with a fee-only estate planning attorney can assist in preparing and maintaining this aspect of your overall financial plan.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-risk-tolerance"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is Risk Tolerance?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Risk tolerance is how much of a loss you’re willing to endure within your portfolio. Risk tolerance depends on a number of factors, including your financial goals, income, and age. Many retirees prefer to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/020515/are-treasury-bills-good-investment-retirement-savings.asp">move into more conservative types of investments</a> but must be willing to give up returns for that security.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-should-i-save-for-retirement"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Much Should I Save for Retirement?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>One rule of thumb is to save 15% of your gross annual earnings every year. In a perfect world, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040315/why-save-retirement-your-20s.asp">savings would begin in your 20s</a> and last throughout your working years.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-age-is-considered-early-retirement"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Age Is Considered Early Retirement?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Age 65 is typically considered early retirement. When it comes to Social Security, you can start collecting <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/special-government-help-for-your-retirement-5069756">retirement benefits</a> as early as age 62. But you won’t receive full benefits as you would if you wait to collect them at <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/normal-retirement-age-nra.asp">full retirement age</a> instead.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"> The burden of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081715/yes-you-can-manage-your-own-retirement.asp">retirement planning is falling on individuals</a> now more than ever. Few employees can count on an employer-provided <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/definedbenefitpensionplan.asp">defined-benefit pension</a>, especially in the private sector. The switch to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/definedcontributionplan.asp">defined-contribution plans</a>, such as 401(k)s, also means that managing the investments becomes your responsibility, not your employer’s. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"> One of the most challenging aspects of creating a comprehensive retirement plan is striking a balance between realistic return expectations and a desired standard of living. The best solution is to focus on creating a flexible portfolio that can be updated regularly to reflect changing market conditions and retirement objectives. </p></div>
Retirement planning is a [multistep process that evolves over time](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/retirement-planning-doesnt-stop-when-you-retire/). To have a comfortable, secure—and fun—retirement, you need to build the financial cushion that will fund it all. The fun part is why it makes sense to pay attention to the serious—and perhaps boring—part: planning how you’ll get there. Retirement planning starts with thinking about your retirement goals and [how long you have to meet them](https://www.investopedia.com/401k-age-limits-too-young-5323754). Then you need to look at the types of retirement accounts that can help you raise the money to fund your future. As you save that money, you have to invest it to enable it to grow. The last part of planning is taxes: If you’ve received [tax deductions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax-deduction.asp) over the years for the money that you’ve contributed to your retirement accounts, then a significant tax bill awaits when you start withdrawing those savings. There are ways to minimize the retirement tax hit while you save for the future—and to continue the process when that day arrives and you actually stop working. We’ll get into all of these issues here. But first, start by learning the five steps that everyone should take, no matter what their age, to build a solid retirement plan. ### Key Takeaways * Retirement planning should include determining time horizons, estimating expenses, calculating required after-tax returns, assessing [risk tolerance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risktolerance.asp), and doing estate planning. * Start planning for retirement as soon as you can to take advantage of the power of compounding. * Younger investors can take more risk with their investments, while investors closer to retirement should be more conservative. * Retirement plans evolve through the years, which means portfolios should be rebalanced and estate plans updated as needed. * Your career, family size, age of retirement, and post-retirement goals will all factor in to retirement planning. ## How Much Do You Need to Save for Retirement? Before anyone starts crunching the numbers on their retirement goals, they will need a good idea of how much [money they need to save](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/112915/how-much-money-do-you-need-retire-56.asp). Naturally, this will depend on many situational factors, such as their annual income and the age when they plan to retire. While there is no fixed rule about how much money to save, many retirement experts offer rules of thumb such as saving about $1 million, or 12 years of one's pre-retirement annual income. Others recommend [the 4% rule](https://www.merrilledge.com/article/how-much-do-you-really-need-to-save-for-retirement), which suggests that retirees should spend no more than 4% of their retirement savings each year in order to ensure a comfortable retirement. Since everyone's circumstances are different, it is worth sitting down to calculate the ideal retirement savings for your own situation. ### Order your copy of the print edition of [Investopedia's Retirement Guide](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CKKSVGP6) for more assistance in building the best plan for your retirement. ## Factors to Consider As you begin to think about retirement, it is worthwhile to consider some of the factors that will affect your retirement goals. For example: what are your family plans? For many people, starting a family is a central life goal, but having children can also put a large dent in your savings. For that reason, the type of family you hope to have will play a factor in your retirement planning. Likewise, it is also worth thinking about [your plans for retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/07/retirement-questions.asp), including any changes to your home or residence. Many people dream of [travel during retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/traveling-during-retirement-7564945), and while it can be an exciting adventure, extensive travel will eat away at your retirement savings faster than staying at home. On the other hand, moving to a country with an extremely low cost of living may allow you to stretch out your savings while enjoying a high living standard. Finally, one should also consider the different types of tax-advantaged retirement accounts. Most Americans qualify for social security, but those benefits are rarely enough to support all of their expenses in retirement. While pension funds were once the norm for skilled professionals, they have largely been replaced by self-funded plans like 401(k) or IRA accounts. Since these have a maximum contribution limit, your retirement strategy will depend on what types of tax-advantaged accounts are available to you. Once you have thought these factors through, these are the next steps for planning your retirement: ## 1. Understand Your Time Horizon Your current age and expected retirement age create the initial groundwork for an [effective retirement strategy](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120314/top-retirement-strategies-small-business-owners.asp). The longer the time from today to retirement, the higher the level of risk that your portfolio can withstand. If you’re young and have 30-plus years until retirement, you can have the majority of your assets in riskier investments, such as stocks. There will be volatility, but [stocks have historically outperformed other securities](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/08/stocks-bonds-performance.asp), such as bonds, over long time periods. The main word here is “long,” meaning at least more than 10 years. Additionally, you need returns that outpace inflation so you can maintain your [purchasing power](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/purchasingpower.asp) during retirement. “Inflation is like an acorn. It starts out small, but given enough time, can turn into a mighty oak tree,” says Chris Hammond, a Savannah, Tenn., financial advisor and founder of [RetirementPlanningMadeEasy.com](https://retirementplanningmadeeasy.com/). “We’ve all heard—and want—compound growth on our money,” Hammond adds. “Well, inflation is like ‘compound anti-growth,’ as it erodes the value of your money. A seemingly small inflation rate of 3% will erode the value of your savings by 50% over approximately 24 years. Doesn’t seem like much each year, but given enough time, it has a huge impact.” In general, the older you are, the more your portfolio should be focused on income and the [preservation of capital](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preservationofcapital.asp). This means a higher allocation in less risky securities, such as bonds, that won’t give you the returns of stocks but will be less volatile and provide income that you can use to live on. You will also have less concern about inflation. A 64-year-old who is planning on retiring next year does not have the same issues about a rise in the cost of living as a much younger professional who has just entered the workforce. You should break up your retirement plan into multiple components. Let’s say a parent wants to retire in two years, pay for a child’s education at age 18, and move to Florida. From the perspective of forming a retirement plan, the investment strategy would be broken up into three periods: two years until retirement (contributions are still made into the plan), saving and paying for college, and living in Florida (regular withdrawals to cover living expenses). A [multistage retirement plan](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-analysis/090216/7-steps-create-10-year-retirement-plan.asp) must integrate various time horizons, along with the corresponding [liquidity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp) needs, to determine the optimal allocation strategy. You should also be [rebalancing your portfolio](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/rebalance-your-portfolio-stay-on-track/) over time as your time horizon changes. ### You might not think that saving a few bucks here and there in your 20s means much, but the power of [compounding](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/compounding.asp) will make it worth much more by the time you need it. ## 2. Determine Retirement Spending Needs Having realistic expectations about [post-retirement spending habits](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/110315/4-phases-retirement-and-how-budget-them.asp) will help you define the required size of a retirement portfolio. Most people believe that after retirement, their annual spending will amount to only 70% to 80% of what they spent previously. Such an assumption is often proven unrealistic, especially if the mortgage has not been paid off or if unforeseen medical expenses occur. Retired adults also sometimes spend their first years splurging on travel or other bucket-list goals. “For retired adults to have [enough savings for retirement](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-advisors/122815/how-much-millennials-should-save-retire-comfortably.asp), I believe that the ratio should be closer to 100%,” says David G. Niggel, CFP, ChFC, AIF, founder, president, and CEO of Key Wealth Partners LLC in Litilz, Pa. “The cost of living is increasing every year—especially healthcare expenses. People are living longer and want to thrive in retirement. Retired adults need more income for a longer time, so they will need to save and invest accordingly.” As, by definition, retired adults are no longer at work for eight or more hours a day, they have more time to travel, go sightseeing, shop, and engage in other expensive activities. Accurate retirement spending goals help in the planning process as more spending in the future requires additional savings today. “One of the factors—if not the largest—in the longevity of your retirement portfolio is your withdrawal rate. Having an accurate estimate of what your expenses will be in retirement is so important because it will affect how much you withdraw each year and how you invest your account. If you understate your expenses, you easily outlive your portfolio, or if you overstate your expenses, you can risk not living the type of lifestyle you want in retirement,” says Kevin Michels, CFP, EA, financial planner, and president of Medicus Wealth Planning in Draper, Utah. Your longevity also needs to be considered when planning for retirement, so you don’t outlast your savings. The average life span of individuals is increasing. ### [Actuarial life tables](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/actuarial-life-table.asp#axzz1QUEoyHZs) are available to estimate the longevity rates of individuals and couples (this is referred to as [longevity risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/longevityrisk.asp)). Additionally, you might need [more money than you think](https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/how-sabotage-your-retirement/) if you want to purchase a home or fund your children’s education post-retirement. Those outlays have to be factored into the overall retirement plan. Remember to update your plan once a year to make sure that you are keeping on track with your savings. “Retirement planning accuracy can be improved by specifying and estimating early retirement activities, accounting for unexpected expenses in middle retirement, and forecasting what-if late-retirement medical costs,” explains Alex Whitehouse, AIF, CRPC, CWS, president, and CEO of Whitehouse Wealth Management in Vancouver, Wash. ## 3. Calculate After-Tax Rate of Investment Returns Once the expected time horizons and spending requirements are determined, the [after-tax real rate of return](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/after-tax-real-rate-of-return.asp) must be calculated to assess the feasibility of the portfolio producing the needed income. A required rate of return in excess of 10% (before taxes) is normally [an unrealistic expectation](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/052716/retirement-planning-why-real-rates-return-matter-most.asp), even for long-term investing. As you age, this return threshold goes down, as low-risk retirement portfolios are largely composed of low-yielding fixed-income securities. If, for example, an individual has a retirement portfolio worth $400,000 and income needs of $50,000, assuming no taxes and the preservation of the portfolio balance, they are relying on an excessive 12.5% return to get by. A primary advantage of planning for retirement at an early age is that the portfolio can be grown to safeguard a realistic rate of return. Using a gross retirement investment account of $1 million, the expected return would be a much more reasonable 5%. Depending on the type of retirement account that you hold, investment returns are typically taxed. Therefore, the actual rate of return must be calculated on an after-tax basis. However, determining your tax status when you begin to withdraw funds is a crucial component of the retirement planning process. ## 4. Assess Risk Tolerance vs. Investment Goals Whether it’s you or a professional money manager who is in charge of the investment decisions, a proper portfolio allocation that balances the concerns of [risk aversion](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskaverse.asp) and returns objectives is arguably the most important step in retirement planning. How much risk are you willing to take to meet your objectives? Should some income be set aside in risk-free [Treasury bonds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/treasurybond.asp) for required expenditures? You need to make sure that you are comfortable with the risks being taken in your portfolio and know what is necessary and what is a luxury. “Don’t be a ‘micromanager’ who reacts to daily market noise,” advises Craig L. Israelsen, Ph.D., designer of 7Twelve Portfolio in Springville, Utah. “'Helicopter’ investors tend to overmanage their portfolios," Israelsen adds. "When the various mutual funds in your portfolio have a bad year, add more money to them. The mutual fund you are unhappy with this year may be next year’s best performer—so don’t bail out on it.” “Markets will go through long cycles of up and down and, if you are investing money you won’t need to touch for 40 years, you can afford to see your portfolio value rise and fall with those cycles,” says John R. Frye, CFA, senior advisor at Carnegie Investment Counsel. “When the market declines, buy—don’t sell. Refuse to give in to panic. If shirts went on sale, 20% off, you’d want to buy, right? Why not stocks if they went on sale 20% off?” ### $12.06 million The 2022 ceiling for assets in an estate that are exempt from federal [estate taxes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/estatetax.asp). Amounts above that limit are subject to estate taxes. ## 5. Stay on Top of Estate Planning [Estate planning](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/122915/4-reasons-estate-planning-so-important.asp) is another key step in a well-rounded retirement plan, and each aspect requires the expertise of different professionals, such as lawyers and accountants, in that specific field. Life insurance is also [an important part of an estate plan](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/10/estate-planning-checklist.asp) and the retirement planning process. Having both a proper estate plan and life insurance coverage ensures that your assets are distributed in a manner of your choosing and that your loved ones will not experience financial hardship following your death. A carefully outlined plan also aids in avoiding an expensive and often lengthy probate process. Tax planning is another crucial part of the estate planning process. If an individual wishes to leave assets to family members or a charity, the [tax implications](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120715/estate-taxes-who-pays-what-and-how-much.asp) of either gifting or passing them through the estate process must be compared. A common retirement plan investment approach is based on producing returns that meet yearly inflation-adjusted living expenses while preserving the value of the portfolio. The portfolio is then transferred to the beneficiaries of the deceased. You should consult a tax advisor to determine the correct plan for the individual. “Estate planning will vary over an investor’s lifetime,” says Mark T. Hebner, founder and president of Index Fund Advisors Inc. in Irvine, Calif., and author of *Index Funds: The 12-Step Recovery Program for Active Investors*. “Early on, matters such as powers of attorney and wills are necessary. Once you start a family, a [trust](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trust.asp) may be something that becomes an important component of your financial plan. “Later on in life, how you would like your money disbursed will be of the utmost importance in terms of cost and taxes,” Hebner adds. “Working with a fee-only estate planning attorney can assist in preparing and maintaining this aspect of your overall financial plan.” ## What Is Risk Tolerance? Risk tolerance is how much of a loss you’re willing to endure within your portfolio. Risk tolerance depends on a number of factors, including your financial goals, income, and age. Many retirees prefer to [move into more conservative types of investments](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/020515/are-treasury-bills-good-investment-retirement-savings.asp) but must be willing to give up returns for that security. ## How Much Should I Save for Retirement? One rule of thumb is to save 15% of your gross annual earnings every year. In a perfect world, [savings would begin in your 20s](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040315/why-save-retirement-your-20s.asp) and last throughout your working years. ## What Age Is Considered Early Retirement? Age 65 is typically considered early retirement. When it comes to Social Security, you can start collecting [retirement benefits](https://www.investopedia.com/special-government-help-for-your-retirement-5069756) as early as age 62. But you won’t receive full benefits as you would if you wait to collect them at [full retirement age](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/normal-retirement-age-nra.asp) instead. ## The Bottom Line The burden of [retirement planning is falling on individuals](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081715/yes-you-can-manage-your-own-retirement.asp) now more than ever. Few employees can count on an employer-provided [defined-benefit pension](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/definedbenefitpensionplan.asp), especially in the private sector. The switch to [defined-contribution plans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/definedcontributionplan.asp), such as 401(k)s, also means that managing the investments becomes your responsibility, not your employer’s. One of the most challenging aspects of creating a comprehensive retirement plan is striking a balance between realistic return expectations and a desired standard of living. The best solution is to focus on creating a flexible portfolio that can be updated regularly to reflect changing market conditions and retirement objectives.
Retirement planning is a multistep process that evolves over time. To have a comfortable, secure—and fun—retirement, you need to build the financial cushion that will fund it all. The fun part is why it makes sense to pay attention to the serious—and perhaps boring—part: planning how you’ll get there. Retirement planning starts with thinking about your retirement goals and how long you have to meet them. Then you need to look at the types of retirement accounts that can help you raise the money to fund your future. As you save that money, you have to invest it to enable it to grow. The last part of planning is taxes: If you’ve received tax deductions over the years for the money that you’ve contributed to your retirement accounts, then a significant tax bill awaits when you start withdrawing those savings. There are ways to minimize the retirement tax hit while you save for the future—and to continue the process when that day arrives and you actually stop working. We’ll get into all of these issues here. But first, start by learning the five steps that everyone should take, no matter what their age, to build a solid retirement plan. Key Takeaways Retirement planning should include determining time horizons, estimating expenses, calculating required after-tax returns, assessing risk tolerance, and doing estate planning. Start planning for retirement as soon as you can to take advantage of the power of compounding. Younger investors can take more risk with their investments, while investors closer to retirement should be more conservative.  Retirement plans evolve through the years, which means portfolios should be rebalanced and estate plans updated as needed. Your career, family size, age of retirement, and post-retirement goals will all factor in to retirement planning. How Much Do You Need to Save for Retirement? Before anyone starts crunching the numbers on their retirement goals, they will need a good idea of how much money they need to save. Naturally, this will depend on many situational factors, such as their annual income and the age when they plan to retire. While there is no fixed rule about how much money to save, many retirement experts offer rules of thumb such as saving about $1 million, or 12 years of one's pre-retirement annual income. Others recommend the 4% rule, which suggests that retirees should spend no more than 4% of their retirement savings each year in order to ensure a comfortable retirement. Since everyone's circumstances are different, it is worth sitting down to calculate the ideal retirement savings for your own situation. Order your copy of the print edition of Investopedia's Retirement Guide for more assistance in building the best plan for your retirement. Factors to Consider As you begin to think about retirement, it is worthwhile to consider some of the factors that will affect your retirement goals. For example: what are your family plans? For many people, starting a family is a central life goal, but having children can also put a large dent in your savings. For that reason, the type of family you hope to have will play a factor in your retirement planning. Likewise, it is also worth thinking about your plans for retirement, including any changes to your home or residence. Many people dream of travel during retirement, and while it can be an exciting adventure, extensive travel will eat away at your retirement savings faster than staying at home. On the other hand, moving to a country with an extremely low cost of living may allow you to stretch out your savings while enjoying a high living standard. Finally, one should also consider the different types of tax-advantaged retirement accounts. Most Americans qualify for social security, but those benefits are rarely enough to support all of their expenses in retirement. While pension funds were once the norm for skilled professionals, they have largely been replaced by self-funded plans like 401(k) or IRA accounts. Since these have a maximum contribution limit, your retirement strategy will depend on what types of tax-advantaged accounts are available to you. Once you have thought these factors through, these are the next steps for planning your retirement: 1. Understand Your Time Horizon Your current age and expected retirement age create the initial groundwork for an effective retirement strategy. The longer the time from today to retirement, the higher the level of risk that your portfolio can withstand. If you’re young and have 30-plus years until retirement, you can have the majority of your assets in riskier investments, such as stocks. There will be volatility, but stocks have historically outperformed other securities, such as bonds, over long time periods. The main word here is “long,” meaning at least more than 10 years. Additionally, you need returns that outpace inflation so you can maintain your purchasing power during retirement. “Inflation is like an acorn. It starts out small, but given enough time, can turn into a mighty oak tree,” says Chris Hammond, a Savannah, Tenn., financial advisor and founder of RetirementPlanningMadeEasy.com. “We’ve all heard—and want—compound growth on our money,” Hammond adds. “Well, inflation is like ‘compound anti-growth,’ as it erodes the value of your money. A seemingly small inflation rate of 3% will erode the value of your savings by 50% over approximately 24 years. Doesn’t seem like much each year, but given enough time, it has a huge impact.” In general, the older you are, the more your portfolio should be focused on income and the preservation of capital. This means a higher allocation in less risky securities, such as bonds, that won’t give you the returns of stocks but will be less volatile and provide income that you can use to live on. You will also have less concern about inflation. A 64-year-old who is planning on retiring next year does not have the same issues about a rise in the cost of living as a much younger professional who has just entered the workforce. You should break up your retirement plan into multiple components. Let’s say a parent wants to retire in two years, pay for a child’s education at age 18, and move to Florida. From the perspective of forming a retirement plan, the investment strategy would be broken up into three periods: two years until retirement (contributions are still made into the plan), saving and paying for college, and living in Florida (regular withdrawals to cover living expenses). A multistage retirement plan must integrate various time horizons, along with the corresponding liquidity needs, to determine the optimal allocation strategy. You should also be rebalancing your portfolio over time as your time horizon changes. You might not think that saving a few bucks here and there in your 20s means much, but the power of compounding will make it worth much more by the time you need it. 2. Determine Retirement Spending Needs Having realistic expectations about post-retirement spending habits will help you define the required size of a retirement portfolio. Most people believe that after retirement, their annual spending will amount to only 70% to 80% of what they spent previously. Such an assumption is often proven unrealistic, especially if the mortgage has not been paid off or if unforeseen medical expenses occur. Retired adults also sometimes spend their first years splurging on travel or other bucket-list goals. “For retired adults to have enough savings for retirement, I believe that the ratio should be closer to 100%,” says David G. Niggel, CFP, ChFC, AIF, founder, president, and CEO of Key Wealth Partners LLC in Litilz, Pa. “The cost of living is increasing every year—especially healthcare expenses. People are living longer and want to thrive in retirement. Retired adults need more income for a longer time, so they will need to save and invest accordingly.” As, by definition, retired adults are no longer at work for eight or more hours a day, they have more time to travel, go sightseeing, shop, and engage in other expensive activities. Accurate retirement spending goals help in the planning process as more spending in the future requires additional savings today. “One of the factors—if not the largest—in the longevity of your retirement portfolio is your withdrawal rate. Having an accurate estimate of what your expenses will be in retirement is so important because it will affect how much you withdraw each year and how you invest your account. If you understate your expenses, you easily outlive your portfolio, or if you overstate your expenses, you can risk not living the type of lifestyle you want in retirement,” says Kevin Michels, CFP, EA, financial planner, and president of Medicus Wealth Planning in Draper, Utah. Your longevity also needs to be considered when planning for retirement, so you don’t outlast your savings. The average life span of individuals is increasing. Actuarial life tables are available to estimate the longevity rates of individuals and couples (this is referred to as longevity risk). Additionally, you might need more money than you think if you want to purchase a home or fund your children’s education post-retirement. Those outlays have to be factored into the overall retirement plan. Remember to update your plan once a year to make sure that you are keeping on track with your savings. “Retirement planning accuracy can be improved by specifying and estimating early retirement activities, accounting for unexpected expenses in middle retirement, and forecasting what-if late-retirement medical costs,” explains Alex Whitehouse, AIF, CRPC, CWS, president, and CEO of Whitehouse Wealth Management in Vancouver, Wash. 3. Calculate After-Tax Rate of Investment Returns Once the expected time horizons and spending requirements are determined, the after-tax real rate of return must be calculated to assess the feasibility of the portfolio producing the needed income. A required rate of return in excess of 10% (before taxes) is normally an unrealistic expectation, even for long-term investing. As you age, this return threshold goes down, as low-risk retirement portfolios are largely composed of low-yielding fixed-income securities. If, for example, an individual has a retirement portfolio worth $400,000 and income needs of $50,000, assuming no taxes and the preservation of the portfolio balance, they are relying on an excessive 12.5% return to get by. A primary advantage of planning for retirement at an early age is that the portfolio can be grown to safeguard a realistic rate of return. Using a gross retirement investment account of $1 million, the expected return would be a much more reasonable 5%. Depending on the type of retirement account that you hold, investment returns are typically taxed. Therefore, the actual rate of return must be calculated on an after-tax basis. However, determining your tax status when you begin to withdraw funds is a crucial component of the retirement planning process. 4. Assess Risk Tolerance vs. Investment Goals Whether it’s you or a professional money manager who is in charge of the investment decisions, a proper portfolio allocation that balances the concerns of risk aversion and returns objectives is arguably the most important step in retirement planning. How much risk are you willing to take to meet your objectives? Should some income be set aside in risk-free Treasury bonds for required expenditures? You need to make sure that you are comfortable with the risks being taken in your portfolio and know what is necessary and what is a luxury. “Don’t be a ‘micromanager’ who reacts to daily market noise,” advises Craig L. Israelsen, Ph.D., designer of 7Twelve Portfolio in Springville, Utah. “'Helicopter’ investors tend to overmanage their portfolios," Israelsen adds. "When the various mutual funds in your portfolio have a bad year, add more money to them. The mutual fund you are unhappy with this year may be next year’s best performer—so don’t bail out on it.” “Markets will go through long cycles of up and down and, if you are investing money you won’t need to touch for 40 years, you can afford to see your portfolio value rise and fall with those cycles,” says John R. Frye, CFA, senior advisor at Carnegie Investment Counsel. “When the market declines, buy—don’t sell. Refuse to give in to panic. If shirts went on sale, 20% off, you’d want to buy, right? Why not stocks if they went on sale 20% off?” $12.06 million The 2022 ceiling for assets in an estate that are exempt from federal estate taxes. Amounts above that limit are subject to estate taxes. 5. Stay on Top of Estate Planning Estate planning is another key step in a well-rounded retirement plan, and each aspect requires the expertise of different professionals, such as lawyers and accountants, in that specific field. Life insurance is also an important part of an estate plan and the retirement planning process. Having both a proper estate plan and life insurance coverage ensures that your assets are distributed in a manner of your choosing and that your loved ones will not experience financial hardship following your death. A carefully outlined plan also aids in avoiding an expensive and often lengthy probate process. Tax planning is another crucial part of the estate planning process. If an individual wishes to leave assets to family members or a charity, the tax implications of either gifting or passing them through the estate process must be compared. A common retirement plan investment approach is based on producing returns that meet yearly inflation-adjusted living expenses while preserving the value of the portfolio. The portfolio is then transferred to the beneficiaries of the deceased. You should consult a tax advisor to determine the correct plan for the individual. “Estate planning will vary over an investor’s lifetime,” says Mark T. Hebner, founder and president of Index Fund Advisors Inc. in Irvine, Calif., and author of Index Funds: The 12-Step Recovery Program for Active Investors. “Early on, matters such as powers of attorney and wills are necessary. Once you start a family, a trust may be something that becomes an important component of your financial plan. “Later on in life, how you would like your money disbursed will be of the utmost importance in terms of cost and taxes,” Hebner adds. “Working with a fee-only estate planning attorney can assist in preparing and maintaining this aspect of your overall financial plan.” What Is Risk Tolerance? Risk tolerance is how much of a loss you’re willing to endure within your portfolio. Risk tolerance depends on a number of factors, including your financial goals, income, and age. Many retirees prefer to move into more conservative types of investments but must be willing to give up returns for that security. How Much Should I Save for Retirement? One rule of thumb is to save 15% of your gross annual earnings every year. In a perfect world, savings would begin in your 20s and last throughout your working years. What Age Is Considered Early Retirement? Age 65 is typically considered early retirement. When it comes to Social Security, you can start collecting retirement benefits as early as age 62. But you won’t receive full benefits as you would if you wait to collect them at full retirement age instead. The Bottom Line The burden of retirement planning is falling on individuals now more than ever. Few employees can count on an employer-provided defined-benefit pension, especially in the private sector. The switch to defined-contribution plans, such as 401(k)s, also means that managing the investments becomes your responsibility, not your employer’s. One of the most challenging aspects of creating a comprehensive retirement plan is striking a balance between realistic return expectations and a desired standard of living. The best solution is to focus on creating a flexible portfolio that can be updated regularly to reflect changing market conditions and retirement objectives.
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https://www.investopedia.com/best-portfolio-management-software-tools-7552649
Best Portfolio Management Software Tools
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content list-sc" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="featured-partners__info-svg"><svg fill="none" height="13" width="12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5.5 9h1V6h-1v3zM6 1.5c-2.76 0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zm0 9c-2.205 0-4-1.795-4-4s1.795-4 4-4 4 1.795 4 4-1.795 4-4 4zM5.5 5h1V4h-1v1z" fill="#000" fill-opacity=".95" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></symbol> <symbol id="light-box-arrow"><svg viewbox="2575 18840 48 48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(1355 18464)"><circle cx="24" cy="24" fill="#fff" r="24" transform="translate(1220 376)"></circle><path d="M1248.675 390l9.38 9.38M1258.055 399.38l-9.38 9.553M1232 399.38h25.186" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"></path></g></svg></symbol> </defs> </svg> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="u-font-carbon--dd112"> <div class="comp product-roundup-content--finance product-roundup--base product-roundup--base" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | PRM Template" id="product-roundup-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="article-intro article-content__description article-container expert-content structured-content text-passage"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce intro-content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="intro-content_1-0"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Portfolio management software is like a custom organizer for all of your investment information. This software makes it easy to check your net worth, gains, and losses, and view the overall diversification of the assets you own. With the ability to provide an aggregate view of multiple accounts, personal investment or financial management software can streamline your financial life. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-1"> There are distinctions among the platforms. Some are focused exclusively on investment management and tracking, while others account for budgeting, saving, debt, and spending along with investment management and analysis. The price points range from free to more than $100 per year. Whether you employ a financial advisor or not, you’re likely to find portfolio management software for your specific needs.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce intro-content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce post-intro prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="post-intro_1-0"></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce post-intro prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div> <div class="article-body"> <div class="loc article-left-nav article-body__left-nav product-roundup__left-nav js-sticky-container"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc--finance product-roundup__toc sticky-toc--finance-roundup sticky-toc--roundup sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-roundup__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="false" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_1-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_1-0"> Best Portfolio Management Software Tools</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_1-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="Expand" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_1-0"> Expand</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Best Portfolio Management Software Tools" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_1-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_2-0"> Best Portfolio Management Software Tools</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_1-0"> <li class="comp toc__listsc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" id="toc__listsc-item_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" href="#summary-list" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Our Top Picks</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp toc__listsc-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Quicken Premier" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Quicken Premier" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-quicken-premier" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Quicken Premier</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Sharesight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Sharesight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-sharesight" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Sharesight</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Empower Personal Dashboard" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Empower Personal Dashboard" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-empower-personal-dashboard" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Empower Personal Dashboard</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-SigFig" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-SigFig" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-sigfig" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">SigFig</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Kubera" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Kubera" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-kubera" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Kubera</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Morningstar Investor" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Morningstar Investor" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-morningstar-investor" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Morningstar Investor</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Fidelity Full View" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Fidelity Full View" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-fidelity-full-view" rel="nocaes"> <span class="link__wrapper">Fidelity Full View</span> </a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --></li><!-- end: comp nested-toc-item nested-toc-item--additional mntl-toc__list-item mntl-toc-list-item mntl-toc__list-item --> <li class="comp toc-items__chop mntl-text-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-See More" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="toc-items__chop_1-0"> See More (4)</li><!-- end: comp toc-items__chop mntl-text-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Final Verdict" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-final-verdict" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Final Verdict</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-compare-the-best-portfolio-management-software-tools" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Frequently Asked Questions" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-frequently-asked-questions-10089c20-af0c-4138-b61e-81928714ac26" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Frequently Asked Questions</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-methodology" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc--finance product-roundup__toc sticky-toc--finance-roundup sticky-toc--roundup sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div> <div class="loc article-body__inner article-body__inner"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-quicken-premier"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Quicken Premier</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" style="--imgWidth: 177px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Quicken logo" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DECIJG1VNY9zme6qpYe3TSnAWdI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Quicken-Logo-47de51c449a245ada73805c6c9e2fbcd.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="750" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Quicken logo" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DECIJG1VNY9zme6qpYe3TSnAWdI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Quicken-Logo-47de51c449a245ada73805c6c9e2fbcd.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Quicken </p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-1"> <li><strong>Year Founded: </strong>1982<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></li><li><strong>Website:</strong> https://www.quicken.com/</li><li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> Stocks, mutual funds, options, bonds, ETFs, physical/tangible assets, real estate</li><li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Brokerages, bank accounts, 401(k) plans, IRA's</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="subid1=${DOC_ID}&amp;subid2=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://quicken.sjv.io/c/2104074/1955373/11856" id="button_1-0" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-4"> Quicken is one of the oldest portfolio management software platforms on the market today. The software has improved, over time, to handle a wide range of assets, either by linking brokerage, banking, or debt accounts with the platform and importing the data, or by the user manually inputting data. Quicken is designed for beginners just starting to manage an investment portfolio to advanced investors tracking options, stocks, bonds, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/eso.asp">company stock</a>, and more. With the manual input feature, you can track nearly any asset.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-5"> The scores of reports analyze every component of your financial life: saving, spending, debt, investing, physical real estate, commodities and more. Extensive retirement planning reports and tools are also included. Sample investment analysis and reports include: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-6"> <li>Capital gains</li><li>Investing activity</li><li>Investment asset allocation</li><li>Investment income</li><li>Investment performance</li><li>Maturity dates for bonds and CDs</li><li>Portfolio value and cost basis</li><li>Internal rate of return</li><li>Net worth</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-7"> Quicken provides an all-inclusive budgeting, saving, and spending tracker along with sophisticated investment asset tracking and management.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> All reports can be customized and downloaded to a spreadsheet for further analysis. There is no limit on the historical data.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-8"> It’s easy to upload all information, from bank account transactions and balances to investment asset values and transactions. There are a variety of Quicken programs from which to choose, with varying subscription prices. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-10"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Highly customizable reports </p></li> <li><p>Easy importing of historical and current financial data for investment, cash, and liability accounts</p></li> <li><p>Excellent phone customer service and troubleshooting</p></li> <li><p>Reports span banking, spending, investing, tax, and net worth categories</p></li> <li><p>All transactions can be categorized for granular analysis</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Occasional difficulty updating accounts</p></li> <li><p>Requires a subscription; doesn’t allow for a one-time payment</p></li> <li><p>Not suited for the most sophisticated active traders with many alternatives or derivative investments</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-1"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-sharesight"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-1"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Sharesight</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-1"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-1"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-1"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-11" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="S" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Hwya5Fx8TANMfWR0M2e4F1jt2KQ=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/logo_Sharesight_new-4bbc040c5b394652afca5f32b4e76ed0.png" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-1" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="S" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Hwya5Fx8TANMfWR0M2e4F1jt2KQ=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/logo_Sharesight_new-4bbc040c5b394652afca5f32b4e76ed0.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-12"> <li><strong>Year Founded: </strong>2008<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span></li><li><strong>Website:</strong> https://www.sharesight.com/</li><li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, term bonds, deposits, cryptocurrency, forex, options, private equity, real estate, precious metals<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span></li><li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Brokerage</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-13"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-1"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.sharesight.com/" id="button_1-0-1" rel="noskim noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-15"> Founded by an Australian father and son, Sharesight was created as a “better way to track investments.” Suitable for domestic and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/internationalbond.asp">global investors</a>, Sharesight can upload data from 200 brokerage accounts. The manual upload feature enables you to add any investment you own, including personal real estate, with the exception of short sale transactions. The initial setup enables tracking of current and future holdings; any historical transactions must be uploaded manually. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-16"> Sharesight automatically updates and records dividend payments, share splits, and other relevant corporate actions. The initial upload entails logging into a brokerage account, creating a transaction report, downloading it and then uploading the report to Sharesight. Keeping your future transactions updated requires you, or your broker, to email transactions to Sharesight or to use “Sharesight Connect,” a broker-Sharesight integration. The upload process is a bit clunky and more complicated than platforms like Quicken and Empower.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-17"> The tracking reports include: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-18"> <li>Multi-currency valuation</li><li>Multi-period portfolio comparisons</li><li>Expected future income from dividends and interest payments</li><li>Portfolio diversity analysis across investment sectors, asset classes, countries, and markets</li><li>Asset allocation</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-19"> Pricing levels range from free for a small portfolio to $31 per month for 10 portfolios, full reporting, and priority support.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> There’s also a professional level for investment advisors.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-21"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Tracks stocks and mutual funds from exchanges across the globe</p></li> <li><p>Well-suited for investors with international domiciles and/or holdings </p></li> <li><p>Offers benchmarking to compare your portfolio with specific market norms</p></li> <li><p>Four pricing levels good for beginners to investors with complex investment portfolios</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No tracking of short sales</p></li> <li><p>No automatic broker account upload</p></li> <li><p>Does not automatically upload historical transactions</p></li> <li><p>Updating transactions requires additional steps, either by you or your broker</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-2"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-empower-personal-dashboard"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-2"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Empower Personal Dashboard</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-2"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-2"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-2"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-22" style="--imgWidth: 691px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Empower logo" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cnEO_UNskReLOzlHJPynt8YNz9Q=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Empower-logo-70737c35a18245368a4cae8315fe799e.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-2" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Empower logo" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cnEO_UNskReLOzlHJPynt8YNz9Q=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Empower-logo-70737c35a18245368a4cae8315fe799e.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-1"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Empower logo</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-23"> <li><strong>Year Founded: </strong>2009 (Personal Capital was founded in 2009 and acquired by Empower in 2020)<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span></li><li><strong>Website:</strong> https://www.empower.com/personal-investors/</li><li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> Stocks, bonds, funds, cash alternatives and real estate</li><li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Investments, 401(k) plans, bank accounts, liability</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-24"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-2"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="subid1=${DOC_ID}&amp;subid2=${REQUEST_ID}" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://personalcapital.sjv.io/c/328256/2034698/13439" id="button_1-0-2" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-26"> Empower (formerly Personal Capital) offers a robust suite of free investment management software and tracking tools. Empower also has a paid investment management and financial planning service. Account sign-up is simple, and you can link investment brokerage, banking, and liability accounts such as credit cards. We like the opportunity to include your residence and receive an updated valuation from an online real estate portal. Once linked, the dashboard provides a 360-degree view of your investments, spending, saving, debt, and net worth.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-27"> The reports, insights, and investment analysis tools are broad and include: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-28"> <li>Net worth and account balances</li><li>Budgeting</li><li>Cash flow analysis</li><li>Income reports</li><li>Spending reports</li><li>Investment returns</li><li>Asset allocation views</li><li>Retirement planner and fee analyzer</li><li>Investment checkup</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-29"> The Retirement Planner enables various scenario analyses, including the ability to account for income windfalls or big expenses like your child’s college expenses. The Recession Simulator lets you view the impact of a poor economy on your financial plans. The Investment Checkup explores your asset allocation and makes recommendations for improvements.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-30"> The platform lacks the customization and downloading of a Quicken platform. Additionally, if your portfolio is greater than $100,000, be prepared to field a call from an Empower representative. They will offer a useful portfolio analysis as well as information about the Empower investment management service.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-32"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Extensive free investment analysis and planning tools </p></li> <li><p>Accounts greater than $100,000 receive a free portfolio review by a financial advisor</p></li> <li><p>Scenario-based retirement planning is useful for both young and older investors</p></li> <li><p>Investment Checkup and asset allocation modeling are based upon the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficientfrontier.asp">Markowitz Efficient Frontier</a></p></li> <li><p>Fee analyzer informs you how much of your money is going towards investment management and administration</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Reports aren’t highly customizable</p></li> <li><p>Budgeting tools are not comprehensive</p></li> <li><p>Some might not appreciate the call from an Empower representative</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-3"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-sigfig"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-3"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">SigFig</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-3"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-3"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-3"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-33" style="--imgWidth: 404px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="SigFig" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0CtBEpkyLIecTOw71nQfVAsvCR4=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/SigFig_productcard-acc4bfe54b1c47baab12ea10d0b5ddf4.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="1000" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-3" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="SigFig" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0CtBEpkyLIecTOw71nQfVAsvCR4=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/SigFig_productcard-acc4bfe54b1c47baab12ea10d0b5ddf4.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-3x2 upscaleImg mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-34"> <li><strong>Year Founded:</strong> 2007 (originally founded as WikiInvest and renamed SigFig in 2012)</li><li><strong>Website:</strong> https://www.sigfig.com/</li><li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> U.S.-based stocks, U.S.-based bonds, developed (non-U.S.) and emerging market stocks, real estate, and short-term U.S. Treasury securities</li><li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Brokerage</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-35"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-3"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.sigfig.com/" id="button_1-0-3" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-37"> Similar to Empower, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sigfig-review-4767419">SigFig</a> offers fee-free investment portfolio management. This is a component of its robo-advisory investment management services. Anyone can sign up for an account, link their financial accounts, manually add assets, and use the SigFig investment analysis tools. By answering several questions about your financial goals and risk tolerence, you provide the platform with the inputs for an ideal portfolio for you. This information will be used when analyzing your existing investments. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-38"> The portfolio analysis report recommends a specific portfolio, based on your responses to the initial quiz, from conservative through aggressive. The report covers the following portfolio analysis items: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-39"> <li>Volatility</li><li>Stock/bond split or asset allocation</li><li>Expense ratio </li><li>Geographic diversification</li><li>Cash drag</li><li>Single stock concentration</li><li>Recommended portfolio</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-40"> Users receive a projected long-term value of a SigFig-proposed portfolio. The Holdings screen includes performance, fundamentals, gains, losses, and other important investment metrics.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-41"> There’s little room for customization in the reports. SigFig users forgo spending, saving, debt, and budgeting tools. For the price—free—SigFig is a handy tool to quickly see an overview of your portfolio, in contrast with a recommended asset mix.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-43"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Free and comprehensive investment portfolio analysis</p></li> <li><p>Provides specific recommendations to align your portfolio with your stated financial goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance level</p></li> <li><p>Cost analysis keeps you aware of fund expense ratios</p></li> <li><p>Easy account syncing</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Lacks extensive customization</p></li> <li><p>No goal planning features</p></li> <li><p>No money management, budgeting, saving, debt, or spending guidance</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-4"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-kubera"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-4"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Kubera</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-4"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-4"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-4"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-44" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Kubera logo" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ElofnrBau6ikkoWkceZPmVzH7N8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Kubera-logo-f0237553066749a4a9f186035e9cbb64.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="750" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-4" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Kubera logo" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ElofnrBau6ikkoWkceZPmVzH7N8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Kubera-logo-f0237553066749a4a9f186035e9cbb64.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-2"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Kubera</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-45"> <li><strong>Year Founded: </strong>2019<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span></li><li><strong>Website:</strong> https://www.kubera.com/portfolio-tracker</li><li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> Stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, cryptocurrency/DeFi, NFTs, real estate, cars, metals, web domains, cash, private investments</li><li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Brokerage, banks, fintech, cryptocurrency wallets &amp; exchanges</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-46"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-4"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.kubera.com/portfolio-tracker" id="button_1-0-4" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-48"> Unlike some of our other selections, Kubera is a comprehensive tracker for all types of available assets. The platform is not for goal planning or budgeting, but asset aggregation first and  analysis second. In addition to the typical stocks, bonds, and funds, Kubera enables tracking of cryptocurrency wallets, cars, and even website domain names.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-49"> The dashboard is clean and lays out your net worth, types of assets and their values, including <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashequivalents.asp">cash allocation</a>. The Asset Allocation chart breaks out types of assets and a sector analysis of financial assets. The Deep Insights chart shows asset growth, while the net worth tool provides projection analyses based upon your proposed events, like college costs. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-50"> Kubera charts include:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-51"> <li>Internal rate of return (IRR)</li><li>Asset prices and cost basis</li><li>Best performing assets</li><li>Asset allocation</li><li>Net worth tracker</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-52"> Kubera is more of a holistic wealth management and tracking system than a tool for deep investment analysis. If you want to delve into a granular view of your portfolio's tax information, asset allocation, or performance versus market benchmarks, you’ll need to use another portfolio management software tool. However, there are still some appealing features, like the beneficiary manager that ensures the safe transfer of your portfolio of assets, financial information, and important legal documents to a designated beneficiary.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-54"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Tracks many types of assets, including cryptocurrency wallets and your actual auto valuation</p></li> <li><p>Best for net worth tracking</p></li> <li><p>Dead man switch and beneficiary management good for estate planning</p></li> <li><p>Designed for wealthy individuals to track multiple assets</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Limited investment analysis reports</p></li> <li><p>Among the more expensive platforms </p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-5"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-morningstar-investor"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-5"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Morningstar Investor</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-5"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-5"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-5"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-55" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Morningstar Investor" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/SVJsPhfBMI5R1Ie7YG0YeWV9DC4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MorningstarInvestor-2aa6e4c76a5b4681bc08f195192ba1f8.jpg" data-tracking-container="false" height="750" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-5" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Morningstar Investor" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/SVJsPhfBMI5R1Ie7YG0YeWV9DC4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MorningstarInvestor-2aa6e4c76a5b4681bc08f195192ba1f8.jpg" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0-3"> <svg class="icon icon-camera figure-article-caption-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-camera" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">Morningstar Investor.</span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp figure-caption mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-56"> <li><strong>Year Founded: </strong>2022<strong> </strong></li> <li><strong>Website: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://investor.morningstar.com/p" rel="sponsored nofollow">https://investor.morningstar.com/</a>   </strong> https://www.morningstar.com/portfolio-manager</li> <li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, CEFs synced. Manual entry of bonds, cash</li> <li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Brokerage, bank accounts, insurance, credit union, credit card</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-57"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-5"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://investor.morningstar.com/" id="button_1-0-5" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-59"> Morningstar Investor is the offshoot of the original Morningstar Portfolio Manager product. Known for the “Morningstar X-Ray,” the reports, analysis, and asset screeners are expansive. Investor digs deep into your investments with analysis and comparisons not found on most other platforms. After either linking or manually inputting your portfolio, you’re able to analyze your investments.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-60"> The view and reporting customization options are among the broadest of all of the platforms. The holdings screen is customizable with more than 20 options from the typical cost and market value and asset percentage to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/morningstarinc.asp">Morningstar</a> rating. Stock data reporting includes industry, sector, fundamental, financial, and profitability ratios, as well.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-61"> Morningstar X-Ray is the premier portfolio analysis tool.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span> The reports and recommendations are on par with the tools of a financial advisor portfolio analysis.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-62"> Reporting capabilities include: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-63"> <li>Asset allocation</li><li>Stock sector</li><li>Fees and expenses</li><li>Stock ratios and statistics</li><li>Stock style diversification</li><li>Stock type</li><li>Global holdings breakdown</li><li>Stock intersection</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-64"> The goal-planning, budget, net worth, and cash flow tools are less integrated into the platform than they are at competitors. The final Morningstar tools include screeners for stocks and funds.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-66"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Expansive list of investment analysis reports with extensive customization options</p></li> <li><p>X-Ray delves into the corners of users’ portfolios</p></li> <li><p>Suitable for stock, fund, and bond investors</p></li> <li><p>Morningstar is a premier service for investment research as well as analytical tools </p></li> <li><p>Can create multiple portfolios</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Cost might be high for smaller, cash-strapped investors</p></li> <li><p>Personal finance budgeting, saving, and debt tools are rudimentary</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard" id="list-sc-item_1-0-6"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-fidelity-full-view"></span> <h3 class="comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Header" id="list-sc-item__heading_1-0-6"> <span class="split-text__item"> <span class="split-text__secondary-wrapper"> <span class="split-text__item-secondary">Fidelity Full View</span> </span> </span></h3><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__heading split-text--roundup-title split-text --> <hr class="comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__header-break_1-0-6"/><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__header-break mntl-block --> <div class="comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__content_1-0-6"> <div class="comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block" id="list-sc-item__intro_1-0-6"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro"> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res" data-click-action="OffPageNavClick" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Logo" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-67" style="--imgWidth: 0px"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Sponsorship Logo" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-action="Null" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-img-lightbox="false" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/n5Yb2ZcliANfkZn0dzy5jMQsPds=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Fidelity-LogoFid_Logo_Blk-c69f2eab7d074ffb9954257df052d98c.png" data-tracking-container="false" height="750" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0-6" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Sponsorship Logo" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/n5Yb2ZcliANfkZn0dzy5jMQsPds=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Fidelity-LogoFid_Logo_Blk-c69f2eab7d074ffb9954257df052d98c.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-image figure-2x1 mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image figure-landscape figure-high-res --> <div class="tabbed-sc-block-intro__content"> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-68"> <li><strong>Website:</strong> https://digital.fidelity.com/ftgw/digital/emoney/home</li><li><strong>Trackable Asset Classes:</strong> Stocks, bonds</li><li><strong>Trackable Account Types: </strong>Investment, bank, credit cards, loan, mortgage, insurance accounts</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard - Button" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-69"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0-6"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-click-action="OffPageClick - External" data-retailer-type="other" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://digital.fidelity.com/ftgw/digital/emoney/home" id="button_1-0-6" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block tabbed-sc-block--no-tabs tabbed-sc-block--full-accordion" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | ProductCard"> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-71"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897">Fidelity</a> Full View financial management program is a personal finance organization tool by eMoney Advisor, LLC, a Fidelity Company. The program stores your linked financial account data and integrates the data to analyze all of your accounts within one system. The supported accounts include bank, investment, credit card, loan, mortgage, and insurance. After you link your financial accounts, the information automatically updates daily.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-72"> The Fidelity Full View Dashboard shows net worth, investments, retirement analysis, spending, and protection (insurance). The investments easily sync and show asset allocation and transaction views, in addition to the summary.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-73"> The available investment reports include: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-74"> <li>Holdings detail</li><li>Net worth history </li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-75"> Fidelity Full View works best in conjunction with other Fidelity services such as the retirement planner. This tool links your Fidelity and linked non-Fidelity accounts with retirement planning tools which prepare a plan based on answers to a questionnaire. You’ll receive an investment strategy and plan within this vertical. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0-77"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Good portfolio syncing with outside accounts</p></li> <li><p>Clean interface</p></li> <li><p>Access to Fidelity calculators and tools</p></li> <li><p>Tracks many account types </p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Minimal investment related analysis and management tools</p></li> <li><p>Offers just three investment-related reports</p></li> <li><p>Available to Fidelity Customers only</p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__intro mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp list-sc-item__content mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-list-item structured-content list-sc-item mntl-block --> </div> <div class="article-outro article-container"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce structured-content article-outro__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" id="article-outro__content_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-final-verdict"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Final Verdict </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-1"> When beginning a weight-loss journey, the first step is to record your starting weight and then develop a plan to reach your goal. The same holds true for financial management. It’s tough to reach your financial goals if you don’t know your net worth, holdings, and their current value. The best portfolio management software gives you a sense of financial control. Although no one knows what the future holds, knowing what you own, where it is located, and what you paid vs. its current value is a good start. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-2"> Whether you have a simple financial setup or a million dollars of financial assets, there is a financial software platform for you. Those seeking extensive tracking and monitoring of every conceivable type of asset will lean toward Kubera. Those who want to delve into a wide range of investment analyses will appreciate Quicken or Morningstar Investor. Ultimately, portfolio management software is a tool, like a scale, to use for financial goal setting and planning so that you can reach your preferred lifestyle in the future.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-compare-the-best-portfolio-management-software-tools"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-3"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table Block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-4"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b> Company</b></td> <td> <b>Trackable Asset Classes</b></td> <td><b>Trackable Account Types</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Quicken Premier</b></td> <td>Stocks, 401(k) plans, IRA's, mutual funds, options, bonds, ETFs, physical/tangible assets, real estate</td> <td>Brokerages, bank accounts, IRS</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Sharesight</b></td> <td>Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, term bonds, deposits, cryptocurrency, forex, options, private equity, real estate, precious metal</td> <td> Brokerage</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Empower Personal Dashboard </b></td> <td>Stocks, bonds, funds, cash alternatives and real estate</td> <td>Investments, 401(k) plans, bank accounts, liability</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>SigFig</b></td> <td>U.S.-based stocks, U.S.-based bonds, developed (non-U.S.) and emerging market stocks, real estate, and short-term U.S. Treasury securities</td> <td>Brokerage</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Kubera</b></td> <td>Stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, cryptocurrency/DeFi, NFTs, real estate, cars, metals, web domains, cash, private investments</td> <td>Brokerage, banks, fintech, cryptocurrency wallets &amp; exchanges</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Morningstar Investor</b></td> <td>Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, CEFs synced. Manual entry of bonds, cash</td> <td>Brokerage, bank accounts, insurance, credit union, credit card</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Fidelity Full View </b></td> <td>Stocks, bonds, credit card/bank, loans, mortgage, insurance</td> <td>Investment, bank, credit cards, loan, mortgage, insurance accounts</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-faq--finance prm-sc-block-faq mntl-sc-block-faq mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick - FAQ Header" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | FAQ" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-5"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-10089c20-af0c-4138-b61e-81928714ac26"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__title mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__title_1-0"> Frequently Asked Questions</h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-faq__title mntl-text-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__content mntl-accordion" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-0"> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-0" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Is Portfolio Management Software?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-0"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>Portfolio management software refers to computer programs that organize, update, and report on financial investment portfolios. Many investors have accounts populated with stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds. The portfolio management software is akin to a digital filing cabinet. The programs let users view their accounts and assets. Within the programs you can also create a variety of reports to help you understand your investment growth, cash flow, and more.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-1" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">How Should You Choose Portfolio Management Software?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-1"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>Like any software choice, the process begins with assessing your needs. Consider the types of assets that you need to track. Sophisticated investors might need software that tracks options, futures, or other advanced asset classes, while most investors will be satisfied with a portfolio management platform that can manage basic stocks, bonds, funds, real estate, and debt. </p><p>Ensure that the portfolio management software that you select can be linked to your online accounts and easily updated. Investigate the available reports and make sure that the retirement planning tools are consistent with your preferences. Once you’ve clarified your needs, review the available platforms and select the one that is the best fit for your finances and investments.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-2" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">What Is the Best Portfolio Management Software?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-2"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>The best portfolio management software is the program that fits your pre-determined preferences. The software should be able to track and analyze your assets and provide the most useful reports for your financial situation. If you have many investments across multiple accounts, search for a sophisticated and comprehensive platform. If you’re focused on retirement planning, consider software with robust retirement planning tools. There’s no one best portfolio management software program, only the right platform for your budget and financial reporting needs.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active"> <div class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-section-3" tabindex="-1"> <h3 class="accordion__title">Can You Trade Stocks With Portfolio Management Software?</h3> </div><!--end accordion__header--> <div class="accordion__body"> <div class="comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content" id="mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content_1-0-section-3"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>No, stock trading and portfolio management are two distinct types of services. Portfolio management software isn’t designed for stock trading. Stock trading is best done through an investment brokerage firm such as Fidelity, E*TRADE, or Schwab. Or you might consider stock trading through an app such as Robinhood or Webull. </p><p>While most investment brokers offer basic insights into your existing portfolio such as cost basis, capital gains, dividends and asset allocation, they typically do not integrate all of your outside accounts into their information. Portfolio management software is designed to accompany your investment brokerage accounts and consolidate financial tracking, reports, and insights.</p> </div> </div><!-- end: comp class com.about.mantle.model.extended.docv2.sc.blocks.StructuredContentFaqEx$Faq mntl-sc-block-faq__accordion-content --> </div><!--end accordion__body--> </li><!--end accordion__item--> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-faq__content mntl-accordion --> <!--end accordion --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-faq--finance prm-sc-block-faq mntl-sc-block-faq mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-methodology"></span> <h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-6"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Methodology </span> </h2><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0-7"> Portfolio management software makes it easy to check your net worth, gains, and losses, and view the overall diversification of the assets you own. To find the best portfolio software management software tools available, we examined several leading platforms based on usability, trackable assets, manageable account types, fees, and investment insights, as well as the quality of goal planning and tax tools. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce structured-content article-outro__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div> <figure class="comp figure-landscape primary-image--roundup primary-image mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="primary-image--roundup_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Over the shoulder view of businessman checking financial trading data on smartphone while walking to his car" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="2667" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/A-CFlJtAy2T24SZXDP_FG0fEIQc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Primary-Image-best-portfolio-management-software-tools-2023-7552649-7ec6ff2eca0c4db6bcc9f3317e2c9b1e.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/iCmrUHiDjl6nkCm2YCpdImZNhCs=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Primary-Image-best-portfolio-management-software-tools-2023-7552649-7ec6ff2eca0c4db6bcc9f3317e2c9b1e.jpg 750w" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,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')" width="4000"/> <noscript> <img alt="Over the shoulder view of businessman checking financial trading data on smartphone while walking to his car" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="2667" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/A-CFlJtAy2T24SZXDP_FG0fEIQc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Primary-Image-best-portfolio-management-software-tools-2023-7552649-7ec6ff2eca0c4db6bcc9f3317e2c9b1e.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/iCmrUHiDjl6nkCm2YCpdImZNhCs=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Primary-Image-best-portfolio-management-software-tools-2023-7552649-7ec6ff2eca0c4db6bcc9f3317e2c9b1e.jpg 750w" width="4000"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>d3sign / Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-landscape primary-image--roundup primary-image mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> </div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-roundup-content--finance product-roundup--base product-roundup--base --> </div> </span> </div><div class="loc content-bottom"><div class="comp prm-article-sources article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100" id="prm-article-sources_1-0"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading" id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0">Article Sources</div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper" id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0"></div> <div class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block" id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>Crunchbase. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/quicken-com">Quicken</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>Helpl Quicken. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://help.quicken.com/display/WIN/Analyze+my+portfolio" rel="nofollow sponsored">Analyze my portfolio</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-3"><p>Sharesight. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.sharesight.com/about-us/">Our Story</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-6"><p>Sharesight. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://help.sharesight.com/supported-fx-currencies/">Supported Forex currencies</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-5"><p>Sharesight. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.sharesight.com/us/faq/">Frequently Asked Quiestions - What Can I Track In Sharesight?</a>" </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-4"><p>Sharesight. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.sharesight.com/features/">Best Portfolio and Dividend Tracker</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-7"><p>Sharesight. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.sharesight.com/pricing/">Plans and Pricing</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-9"><p>Empower. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.empower.com/press-center/empower-retirement-completes-personal-capital-acquisition">Empower Retirement closes acquisition of Personal Capital</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-8"><p>Crunchbase. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/personal-capital">Personal Capital</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-14"><p>Crunchbase. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/kubera-18dc">Kubera</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-15"><p>Kubera. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.kubera.com/how-kubera-works" rel="nofollow sponsored">How Kubera Works</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-16"><p>Kubera Blog. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.kubera.com/blog/personal-capital-vs-mint-vs-kubera" rel="nofollow sponsored">Personal Capital vs Mint vs Kubera</a>." </p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-17"><p>Morningstar. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.morningstar.com/help-center/user-guide/x-ray-overview" rel="nofollow sponsored">morningstar x-ray overview</a>." </p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="4587916" data-ordinal="1" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/empower-review-4587916" id="mntl-card-list-items_1-0"> <div class="card__media" data-tag="Best Robo-Advisor Companies"> <img alt="Empower Recirc" class="lazyload card__img" data-dim-ratio="1.5" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/i6h52uRbZH1BGijcLAXH-nVeXcQ=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Empower-recirc-e01325fe34f24e2ba55fc32eed809e48.jpg" height="300" width="400"/> <noscript> <img alt="Empower Recirc" class="img--noscript card__img" height="300" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/i6h52uRbZH1BGijcLAXH-nVeXcQ=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Empower-recirc-e01325fe34f24e2ba55fc32eed809e48.jpg" width="400"/> </noscript> </div> <div class="card__content" data-tag="Best Robo-Advisor Companies"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text">Empower Review 2024</span></span> <div class="card__byline mntl-card__byline" data-byline="By Barbara A. 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Portfolio management software is like a custom organizer for all of your investment information. This software makes it easy to check your net worth, gains, and losses, and view the overall diversification of the assets you own. With the ability to provide an aggregate view of multiple accounts, personal investment or financial management software can streamline your financial life. There are distinctions among the platforms. Some are focused exclusively on investment management and tracking, while others account for budgeting, saving, debt, and spending along with investment management and analysis. The price points range from free to more than $100 per year. Whether you employ a financial advisor or not, you’re likely to find portfolio management software for your specific needs.  Best Portfolio Management Software Tools Expand Best Portfolio Management Software Tools * [Our Top Picks](#summary-list) * [Quicken Premier](#toc-quicken-premier) * [Sharesight](#toc-sharesight) * [Empower Personal Dashboard](#toc-empower-personal-dashboard) * [SigFig](#toc-sigfig) * [Kubera](#toc-kubera) * [Morningstar Investor](#toc-morningstar-investor) * [Fidelity Full View](#toc-fidelity-full-view) * See More (4) * [Final Verdict](#toc-final-verdict) * [Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools](#toc-compare-the-best-portfolio-management-software-tools) * [Frequently Asked Questions](#toc-frequently-asked-questions-10089c20-af0c-4138-b61e-81928714ac26) * [Methodology](#toc-methodology) ### Quicken Premier --- ![Quicken logo]() ![Quicken logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DECIJG1VNY9zme6qpYe3TSnAWdI=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Quicken-Logo-47de51c449a245ada73805c6c9e2fbcd.jpg) Quicken  * **Year Founded:** 1982 * **Website:** https://www.quicken.com/ * **Trackable Asset Classes:** Stocks, mutual funds, options, bonds, ETFs, physical/tangible assets, real estate * **Trackable Account Types:** Brokerages, bank accounts, 401(k) plans, IRA's [Learn More](https://quicken.sjv.io/c/2104074/1955373/11856) Overview Quicken is one of the oldest portfolio management software platforms on the market today. The software has improved, over time, to handle a wide range of assets, either by linking brokerage, banking, or debt accounts with the platform and importing the data, or by the user manually inputting data. Quicken is designed for beginners just starting to manage an investment portfolio to advanced investors tracking options, stocks, bonds, [company stock](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/eso.asp), and more. With the manual input feature, you can track nearly any asset.  The scores of reports analyze every component of your financial life: saving, spending, debt, investing, physical real estate, commodities and more. Extensive retirement planning reports and tools are also included. Sample investment analysis and reports include: * Capital gains * Investing activity * Investment asset allocation * Investment income * Investment performance * Maturity dates for bonds and CDs * Portfolio value and cost basis * Internal rate of return * Net worth Quicken provides an all-inclusive budgeting, saving, and spending tracker along with sophisticated investment asset tracking and management. All reports can be customized and downloaded to a spreadsheet for further analysis. There is no limit on the historical data.  It’s easy to upload all information, from bank account transactions and balances to investment asset values and transactions. There are a variety of Quicken programs from which to choose, with varying subscription prices. Pros & Cons Pros * Highly customizable reports * Easy importing of historical and current financial data for investment, cash, and liability accounts * Excellent phone customer service and troubleshooting * Reports span banking, spending, investing, tax, and net worth categories * All transactions can be categorized for granular analysis Cons * Occasional difficulty updating accounts * Requires a subscription; doesn’t allow for a one-time payment * Not suited for the most sophisticated active traders with many alternatives or derivative investments ### Sharesight --- ![S]() ![S](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Hwya5Fx8TANMfWR0M2e4F1jt2KQ=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/logo_Sharesight_new-4bbc040c5b394652afca5f32b4e76ed0.png) * **Year Founded:** 2008 * **Website:** https://www.sharesight.com/ * **Trackable Asset Classes:** Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, term bonds, deposits, cryptocurrency, forex, options, private equity, real estate, precious metals * **Trackable Account Types:** Brokerage [Learn More](https://www.sharesight.com/) Overview Founded by an Australian father and son, Sharesight was created as a “better way to track investments.” Suitable for domestic and [global investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/internationalbond.asp), Sharesight can upload data from 200 brokerage accounts. The manual upload feature enables you to add any investment you own, including personal real estate, with the exception of short sale transactions. The initial setup enables tracking of current and future holdings; any historical transactions must be uploaded manually. Sharesight automatically updates and records dividend payments, share splits, and other relevant corporate actions. The initial upload entails logging into a brokerage account, creating a transaction report, downloading it and then uploading the report to Sharesight. Keeping your future transactions updated requires you, or your broker, to email transactions to Sharesight or to use “Sharesight Connect,” a broker-Sharesight integration. The upload process is a bit clunky and more complicated than platforms like Quicken and Empower.  The tracking reports include: * Multi-currency valuation * Multi-period portfolio comparisons * Expected future income from dividends and interest payments * Portfolio diversity analysis across investment sectors, asset classes, countries, and markets * Asset allocation Pricing levels range from free for a small portfolio to $31 per month for 10 portfolios, full reporting, and priority support. There’s also a professional level for investment advisors.  Pros & Cons Pros * Tracks stocks and mutual funds from exchanges across the globe * Well-suited for investors with international domiciles and/or holdings * Offers benchmarking to compare your portfolio with specific market norms * Four pricing levels good for beginners to investors with complex investment portfolios Cons * No tracking of short sales * No automatic broker account upload * Does not automatically upload historical transactions * Updating transactions requires additional steps, either by you or your broker ### Empower Personal Dashboard --- ![Empower logo]() ![Empower logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cnEO_UNskReLOzlHJPynt8YNz9Q=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Empower-logo-70737c35a18245368a4cae8315fe799e.jpg) Empower logo * **Year Founded:** 2009 (Personal Capital was founded in 2009 and acquired by Empower in 2020) * **Website:** https://www.empower.com/personal-investors/ * **Trackable Asset Classes:** Stocks, bonds, funds, cash alternatives and real estate * **Trackable Account Types:** Investments, 401(k) plans, bank accounts, liability [Learn More](https://personalcapital.sjv.io/c/328256/2034698/13439) Overview Empower (formerly Personal Capital) offers a robust suite of free investment management software and tracking tools. Empower also has a paid investment management and financial planning service. Account sign-up is simple, and you can link investment brokerage, banking, and liability accounts such as credit cards. We like the opportunity to include your residence and receive an updated valuation from an online real estate portal. Once linked, the dashboard provides a 360-degree view of your investments, spending, saving, debt, and net worth.  The reports, insights, and investment analysis tools are broad and include: * Net worth and account balances * Budgeting * Cash flow analysis * Income reports * Spending reports * Investment returns * Asset allocation views * Retirement planner and fee analyzer * Investment checkup The Retirement Planner enables various scenario analyses, including the ability to account for income windfalls or big expenses like your child’s college expenses. The Recession Simulator lets you view the impact of a poor economy on your financial plans. The Investment Checkup explores your asset allocation and makes recommendations for improvements.  The platform lacks the customization and downloading of a Quicken platform. Additionally, if your portfolio is greater than $100,000, be prepared to field a call from an Empower representative. They will offer a useful portfolio analysis as well as information about the Empower investment management service.  Pros & Cons Pros * Extensive free investment analysis and planning tools * Accounts greater than $100,000 receive a free portfolio review by a financial advisor * Scenario-based retirement planning is useful for both young and older investors * Investment Checkup and asset allocation modeling are based upon the [Markowitz Efficient Frontier](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficientfrontier.asp) * Fee analyzer informs you how much of your money is going towards investment management and administration Cons * Reports aren’t highly customizable * Budgeting tools are not comprehensive * Some might not appreciate the call from an Empower representative ### SigFig --- ![SigFig]() ![SigFig](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0CtBEpkyLIecTOw71nQfVAsvCR4=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/SigFig_productcard-acc4bfe54b1c47baab12ea10d0b5ddf4.jpg) * **Year Founded:** 2007 (originally founded as WikiInvest and renamed SigFig in 2012) * **Website:** https://www.sigfig.com/ * **Trackable Asset Classes:** U.S.-based stocks, U.S.-based bonds, developed (non-U.S.) and emerging market stocks, real estate, and short-term U.S. Treasury securities * **Trackable Account Types:** Brokerage [Learn More](https://www.sigfig.com/) Overview Similar to Empower, [SigFig](https://www.investopedia.com/sigfig-review-4767419) offers fee-free investment portfolio management. This is a component of its robo-advisory investment management services. Anyone can sign up for an account, link their financial accounts, manually add assets, and use the SigFig investment analysis tools. By answering several questions about your financial goals and risk tolerence, you provide the platform with the inputs for an ideal portfolio for you. This information will be used when analyzing your existing investments. The portfolio analysis report recommends a specific portfolio, based on your responses to the initial quiz, from conservative through aggressive. The report covers the following portfolio analysis items: * Volatility * Stock/bond split or asset allocation * Expense ratio * Geographic diversification * Cash drag * Single stock concentration * Recommended portfolio Users receive a projected long-term value of a SigFig-proposed portfolio. The Holdings screen includes performance, fundamentals, gains, losses, and other important investment metrics.  There’s little room for customization in the reports. SigFig users forgo spending, saving, debt, and budgeting tools. For the price—free—SigFig is a handy tool to quickly see an overview of your portfolio, in contrast with a recommended asset mix.  Pros & Cons Pros * Free and comprehensive investment portfolio analysis * Provides specific recommendations to align your portfolio with your stated financial goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance level * Cost analysis keeps you aware of fund expense ratios * Easy account syncing Cons * Lacks extensive customization * No goal planning features * No money management, budgeting, saving, debt, or spending guidance ### Kubera --- ![Kubera logo]() ![Kubera logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ElofnrBau6ikkoWkceZPmVzH7N8=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Kubera-logo-f0237553066749a4a9f186035e9cbb64.jpg) Kubera * **Year Founded:** 2019 * **Website:** https://www.kubera.com/portfolio-tracker * **Trackable Asset Classes:** Stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, cryptocurrency/DeFi, NFTs, real estate, cars, metals, web domains, cash, private investments * **Trackable Account Types:** Brokerage, banks, fintech, cryptocurrency wallets & exchanges [Learn More](https://www.kubera.com/portfolio-tracker) Overview Unlike some of our other selections, Kubera is a comprehensive tracker for all types of available assets. The platform is not for goal planning or budgeting, but asset aggregation first and  analysis second. In addition to the typical stocks, bonds, and funds, Kubera enables tracking of cryptocurrency wallets, cars, and even website domain names.  The dashboard is clean and lays out your net worth, types of assets and their values, including [cash allocation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashequivalents.asp). The Asset Allocation chart breaks out types of assets and a sector analysis of financial assets. The Deep Insights chart shows asset growth, while the net worth tool provides projection analyses based upon your proposed events, like college costs. Kubera charts include: * Internal rate of return (IRR) * Asset prices and cost basis * Best performing assets * Asset allocation * Net worth tracker Kubera is more of a holistic wealth management and tracking system than a tool for deep investment analysis. If you want to delve into a granular view of your portfolio's tax information, asset allocation, or performance versus market benchmarks, you’ll need to use another portfolio management software tool. However, there are still some appealing features, like the beneficiary manager that ensures the safe transfer of your portfolio of assets, financial information, and important legal documents to a designated beneficiary.  Pros & Cons Pros * Tracks many types of assets, including cryptocurrency wallets and your actual auto valuation * Best for net worth tracking * Dead man switch and beneficiary management good for estate planning * Designed for wealthy individuals to track multiple assets Cons * Limited investment analysis reports * Among the more expensive platforms ### Morningstar Investor --- ![Morningstar Investor]() ![Morningstar Investor](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/SVJsPhfBMI5R1Ie7YG0YeWV9DC4=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/MorningstarInvestor-2aa6e4c76a5b4681bc08f195192ba1f8.jpg) Morningstar Investor. * **Year Founded:** 2022 * **Website: [https://investor.morningstar.com/](https://investor.morningstar.com/p)**  https://www.morningstar.com/portfolio-manager * **Trackable Asset Classes:** Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, CEFs synced. Manual entry of bonds, cash * **Trackable Account Types:** Brokerage, bank accounts, insurance, credit union, credit card [Learn More](https://investor.morningstar.com/) Overview Morningstar Investor is the offshoot of the original Morningstar Portfolio Manager product. Known for the “Morningstar X-Ray,” the reports, analysis, and asset screeners are expansive. Investor digs deep into your investments with analysis and comparisons not found on most other platforms. After either linking or manually inputting your portfolio, you’re able to analyze your investments.  The view and reporting customization options are among the broadest of all of the platforms. The holdings screen is customizable with more than 20 options from the typical cost and market value and asset percentage to [Morningstar](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/morningstarinc.asp) rating. Stock data reporting includes industry, sector, fundamental, financial, and profitability ratios, as well.  Morningstar X-Ray is the premier portfolio analysis tool. The reports and recommendations are on par with the tools of a financial advisor portfolio analysis.  Reporting capabilities include: * Asset allocation * Stock sector * Fees and expenses * Stock ratios and statistics * Stock style diversification * Stock type * Global holdings breakdown * Stock intersection The goal-planning, budget, net worth, and cash flow tools are less integrated into the platform than they are at competitors. The final Morningstar tools include screeners for stocks and funds.  Pros & Cons Pros * Expansive list of investment analysis reports with extensive customization options * X-Ray delves into the corners of users’ portfolios * Suitable for stock, fund, and bond investors * Morningstar is a premier service for investment research as well as analytical tools * Can create multiple portfolios Cons * Cost might be high for smaller, cash-strapped investors * Personal finance budgeting, saving, and debt tools are rudimentary ### Fidelity Full View --- ![Sponsorship Logo]() ![Sponsorship Logo](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/n5Yb2ZcliANfkZn0dzy5jMQsPds=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Fidelity-LogoFid_Logo_Blk-c69f2eab7d074ffb9954257df052d98c.png) * **Website:** https://digital.fidelity.com/ftgw/digital/emoney/home * **Trackable Asset Classes:** Stocks, bonds * **Trackable Account Types:** Investment, bank, credit cards, loan, mortgage, insurance accounts [Learn More](https://digital.fidelity.com/ftgw/digital/emoney/home) Overview The [Fidelity](https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897) Full View financial management program is a personal finance organization tool by eMoney Advisor, LLC, a Fidelity Company. The program stores your linked financial account data and integrates the data to analyze all of your accounts within one system. The supported accounts include bank, investment, credit card, loan, mortgage, and insurance. After you link your financial accounts, the information automatically updates daily.  The Fidelity Full View Dashboard shows net worth, investments, retirement analysis, spending, and protection (insurance). The investments easily sync and show asset allocation and transaction views, in addition to the summary.  The available investment reports include: * Holdings detail * Net worth history Fidelity Full View works best in conjunction with other Fidelity services such as the retirement planner. This tool links your Fidelity and linked non-Fidelity accounts with retirement planning tools which prepare a plan based on answers to a questionnaire. You’ll receive an investment strategy and plan within this vertical. Pros & Cons Pros * Good portfolio syncing with outside accounts * Clean interface * Access to Fidelity calculators and tools * Tracks many account types Cons * Minimal investment related analysis and management tools * Offers just three investment-related reports * Available to Fidelity Customers only ## Final Verdict When beginning a weight-loss journey, the first step is to record your starting weight and then develop a plan to reach your goal. The same holds true for financial management. It’s tough to reach your financial goals if you don’t know your net worth, holdings, and their current value. The best portfolio management software gives you a sense of financial control. Although no one knows what the future holds, knowing what you own, where it is located, and what you paid vs. its current value is a good start. Whether you have a simple financial setup or a million dollars of financial assets, there is a financial software platform for you. Those seeking extensive tracking and monitoring of every conceivable type of asset will lean toward Kubera. Those who want to delve into a wide range of investment analyses will appreciate Quicken or Morningstar Investor. Ultimately, portfolio management software is a tool, like a scale, to use for financial goal setting and planning so that you can reach your preferred lifestyle in the future.  ## Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools | **Company** | **Trackable Asset Classes** | **Trackable Account Types** | | --- | --- | --- | | **Quicken Premier** | Stocks, 401(k) plans, IRA's, mutual funds, options, bonds, ETFs, physical/tangible assets, real estate | Brokerages, bank accounts, IRS | | **Sharesight** | Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, term bonds, deposits, cryptocurrency, forex, options, private equity, real estate, precious metal | Brokerage | | **Empower Personal Dashboard** | Stocks, bonds, funds, cash alternatives and real estate | Investments, 401(k) plans, bank accounts, liability | | **SigFig** | U.S.-based stocks, U.S.-based bonds, developed (non-U.S.) and emerging market stocks, real estate, and short-term U.S. Treasury securities | Brokerage | | **Kubera** | Stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, cryptocurrency/DeFi, NFTs, real estate, cars, metals, web domains, cash, private investments | Brokerage, banks, fintech, cryptocurrency wallets & exchanges | | **Morningstar Investor** | Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, CEFs synced. Manual entry of bonds, cash | Brokerage, bank accounts, insurance, credit union, credit card | | **Fidelity Full View** | Stocks, bonds, credit card/bank, loans, mortgage, insurance | Investment, bank, credit cards, loan, mortgage, insurance accounts | ## Frequently Asked Questions * ### What Is Portfolio Management Software? Portfolio management software refers to computer programs that organize, update, and report on financial investment portfolios. Many investors have accounts populated with stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds. The portfolio management software is akin to a digital filing cabinet. The programs let users view their accounts and assets. Within the programs you can also create a variety of reports to help you understand your investment growth, cash flow, and more. * ### How Should You Choose Portfolio Management Software? Like any software choice, the process begins with assessing your needs. Consider the types of assets that you need to track. Sophisticated investors might need software that tracks options, futures, or other advanced asset classes, while most investors will be satisfied with a portfolio management platform that can manage basic stocks, bonds, funds, real estate, and debt.  Ensure that the portfolio management software that you select can be linked to your online accounts and easily updated. Investigate the available reports and make sure that the retirement planning tools are consistent with your preferences. Once you’ve clarified your needs, review the available platforms and select the one that is the best fit for your finances and investments. * ### What Is the Best Portfolio Management Software? The best portfolio management software is the program that fits your pre-determined preferences. The software should be able to track and analyze your assets and provide the most useful reports for your financial situation. If you have many investments across multiple accounts, search for a sophisticated and comprehensive platform. If you’re focused on retirement planning, consider software with robust retirement planning tools. There’s no one best portfolio management software program, only the right platform for your budget and financial reporting needs. * ### Can You Trade Stocks With Portfolio Management Software? No, stock trading and portfolio management are two distinct types of services. Portfolio management software isn’t designed for stock trading. Stock trading is best done through an investment brokerage firm such as Fidelity, E\*TRADE, or Schwab. Or you might consider stock trading through an app such as Robinhood or Webull.  While most investment brokers offer basic insights into your existing portfolio such as cost basis, capital gains, dividends and asset allocation, they typically do not integrate all of your outside accounts into their information. Portfolio management software is designed to accompany your investment brokerage accounts and consolidate financial tracking, reports, and insights. ## Methodology Portfolio management software makes it easy to check your net worth, gains, and losses, and view the overall diversification of the assets you own. To find the best portfolio software management software tools available, we examined several leading platforms based on usability, trackable assets, manageable account types, fees, and investment insights, as well as the quality of goal planning and tax tools. ![Over the shoulder view of businessman checking financial trading data on smartphone while walking to his car](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/A-CFlJtAy2T24SZXDP_FG0fEIQc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Primary-Image-best-portfolio-management-software-tools-2023-7552649-7ec6ff2eca0c4db6bcc9f3317e2c9b1e.jpg) ![Over the shoulder view of businessman checking financial trading data on smartphone while walking to his car](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/A-CFlJtAy2T24SZXDP_FG0fEIQc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Primary-Image-best-portfolio-management-software-tools-2023-7552649-7ec6ff2eca0c4db6bcc9f3317e2c9b1e.jpg) d3sign / Getty Images Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. Crunchbase. "[Quicken](https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/quicken-com)." 2. Helpl Quicken. "[Analyze my portfolio](https://help.quicken.com/display/WIN/Analyze+my+portfolio)." 3. Sharesight. "[Our Story](https://www.sharesight.com/about-us/)." 4. Sharesight. "[Supported Forex currencies](https://help.sharesight.com/supported-fx-currencies/)." 5. Sharesight. "[Frequently Asked Quiestions - What Can I Track In Sharesight?](https://www.sharesight.com/us/faq/)" 6. Sharesight. "[Best Portfolio and Dividend Tracker](https://www.sharesight.com/features/)." 7. Sharesight. "[Plans and Pricing](https://www.sharesight.com/pricing/)." 8. Empower. "[Empower Retirement closes acquisition of Personal Capital](https://www.empower.com/press-center/empower-retirement-completes-personal-capital-acquisition)." 9. Crunchbase. "[Personal Capital](https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/personal-capital)." 10. Crunchbase. "[Kubera](https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/kubera-18dc)." 11. Kubera. "[How Kubera Works](https://www.kubera.com/how-kubera-works)." 12. Kubera Blog. "[Personal Capital vs Mint vs Kubera](https://www.kubera.com/blog/personal-capital-vs-mint-vs-kubera)." 13. Morningstar. "[morningstar x-ray overview](https://www.morningstar.com/help-center/user-guide/x-ray-overview)." 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Portfolio management software is like a custom organizer for all of your investment information. This software makes it easy to check your net worth, gains, and losses, and view the overall diversification of the assets you own. With the ability to provide an aggregate view of multiple accounts, personal investment or financial management software can streamline your financial life. There are distinctions among the platforms. Some are focused exclusively on investment management and tracking, while others account for budgeting, saving, debt, and spending along with investment management and analysis. The price points range from free to more than $100 per year. Whether you employ a financial advisor or not, you’re likely to find portfolio management software for your specific needs.  Best Portfolio Management Software Tools Expand Best Portfolio Management Software Tools Our Top Picks Quicken Premier Sharesight Empower Personal Dashboard SigFig Kubera Morningstar Investor Fidelity Full View See More (4) Final Verdict Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools Frequently Asked Questions Methodology Quicken Premier Quicken  Year Founded: 1982Website: https://www.quicken.com/Trackable Asset Classes: Stocks, mutual funds, options, bonds, ETFs, physical/tangible assets, real estateTrackable Account Types: Brokerages, bank accounts, 401(k) plans, IRA's Learn More Overview Quicken is one of the oldest portfolio management software platforms on the market today. The software has improved, over time, to handle a wide range of assets, either by linking brokerage, banking, or debt accounts with the platform and importing the data, or by the user manually inputting data. Quicken is designed for beginners just starting to manage an investment portfolio to advanced investors tracking options, stocks, bonds, company stock, and more. With the manual input feature, you can track nearly any asset.  The scores of reports analyze every component of your financial life: saving, spending, debt, investing, physical real estate, commodities and more. Extensive retirement planning reports and tools are also included. Sample investment analysis and reports include: Capital gainsInvesting activityInvestment asset allocationInvestment incomeInvestment performanceMaturity dates for bonds and CDsPortfolio value and cost basisInternal rate of returnNet worth Quicken provides an all-inclusive budgeting, saving, and spending tracker along with sophisticated investment asset tracking and management. All reports can be customized and downloaded to a spreadsheet for further analysis. There is no limit on the historical data.  It’s easy to upload all information, from bank account transactions and balances to investment asset values and transactions. There are a variety of Quicken programs from which to choose, with varying subscription prices. Pros & Cons Pros Highly customizable reports  Easy importing of historical and current financial data for investment, cash, and liability accounts Excellent phone customer service and troubleshooting Reports span banking, spending, investing, tax, and net worth categories All transactions can be categorized for granular analysis Cons Occasional difficulty updating accounts Requires a subscription; doesn’t allow for a one-time payment Not suited for the most sophisticated active traders with many alternatives or derivative investments Sharesight Year Founded: 2008Website: https://www.sharesight.com/Trackable Asset Classes: Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, term bonds, deposits, cryptocurrency, forex, options, private equity, real estate, precious metalsTrackable Account Types: Brokerage Learn More Overview Founded by an Australian father and son, Sharesight was created as a “better way to track investments.” Suitable for domestic and global investors, Sharesight can upload data from 200 brokerage accounts. The manual upload feature enables you to add any investment you own, including personal real estate, with the exception of short sale transactions. The initial setup enables tracking of current and future holdings; any historical transactions must be uploaded manually. Sharesight automatically updates and records dividend payments, share splits, and other relevant corporate actions. The initial upload entails logging into a brokerage account, creating a transaction report, downloading it and then uploading the report to Sharesight. Keeping your future transactions updated requires you, or your broker, to email transactions to Sharesight or to use “Sharesight Connect,” a broker-Sharesight integration. The upload process is a bit clunky and more complicated than platforms like Quicken and Empower.  The tracking reports include: Multi-currency valuationMulti-period portfolio comparisonsExpected future income from dividends and interest paymentsPortfolio diversity analysis across investment sectors, asset classes, countries, and marketsAsset allocation Pricing levels range from free for a small portfolio to $31 per month for 10 portfolios, full reporting, and priority support. There’s also a professional level for investment advisors.  Pros & Cons Pros Tracks stocks and mutual funds from exchanges across the globe Well-suited for investors with international domiciles and/or holdings  Offers benchmarking to compare your portfolio with specific market norms Four pricing levels good for beginners to investors with complex investment portfolios Cons No tracking of short sales No automatic broker account upload Does not automatically upload historical transactions Updating transactions requires additional steps, either by you or your broker Empower Personal Dashboard Empower logo Year Founded: 2009 (Personal Capital was founded in 2009 and acquired by Empower in 2020)Website: https://www.empower.com/personal-investors/Trackable Asset Classes: Stocks, bonds, funds, cash alternatives and real estateTrackable Account Types: Investments, 401(k) plans, bank accounts, liability Learn More Overview Empower (formerly Personal Capital) offers a robust suite of free investment management software and tracking tools. Empower also has a paid investment management and financial planning service. Account sign-up is simple, and you can link investment brokerage, banking, and liability accounts such as credit cards. We like the opportunity to include your residence and receive an updated valuation from an online real estate portal. Once linked, the dashboard provides a 360-degree view of your investments, spending, saving, debt, and net worth.  The reports, insights, and investment analysis tools are broad and include: Net worth and account balancesBudgetingCash flow analysisIncome reportsSpending reportsInvestment returnsAsset allocation viewsRetirement planner and fee analyzerInvestment checkup The Retirement Planner enables various scenario analyses, including the ability to account for income windfalls or big expenses like your child’s college expenses. The Recession Simulator lets you view the impact of a poor economy on your financial plans. The Investment Checkup explores your asset allocation and makes recommendations for improvements.  The platform lacks the customization and downloading of a Quicken platform. Additionally, if your portfolio is greater than $100,000, be prepared to field a call from an Empower representative. They will offer a useful portfolio analysis as well as information about the Empower investment management service.  Pros & Cons Pros Extensive free investment analysis and planning tools  Accounts greater than $100,000 receive a free portfolio review by a financial advisor Scenario-based retirement planning is useful for both young and older investors Investment Checkup and asset allocation modeling are based upon the Markowitz Efficient Frontier Fee analyzer informs you how much of your money is going towards investment management and administration Cons Reports aren’t highly customizable Budgeting tools are not comprehensive Some might not appreciate the call from an Empower representative SigFig Year Founded: 2007 (originally founded as WikiInvest and renamed SigFig in 2012)Website: https://www.sigfig.com/Trackable Asset Classes: U.S.-based stocks, U.S.-based bonds, developed (non-U.S.) and emerging market stocks, real estate, and short-term U.S. Treasury securitiesTrackable Account Types: Brokerage Learn More Overview Similar to Empower, SigFig offers fee-free investment portfolio management. This is a component of its robo-advisory investment management services. Anyone can sign up for an account, link their financial accounts, manually add assets, and use the SigFig investment analysis tools. By answering several questions about your financial goals and risk tolerence, you provide the platform with the inputs for an ideal portfolio for you. This information will be used when analyzing your existing investments. The portfolio analysis report recommends a specific portfolio, based on your responses to the initial quiz, from conservative through aggressive. The report covers the following portfolio analysis items: VolatilityStock/bond split or asset allocationExpense ratio Geographic diversificationCash dragSingle stock concentrationRecommended portfolio Users receive a projected long-term value of a SigFig-proposed portfolio. The Holdings screen includes performance, fundamentals, gains, losses, and other important investment metrics.  There’s little room for customization in the reports. SigFig users forgo spending, saving, debt, and budgeting tools. For the price—free—SigFig is a handy tool to quickly see an overview of your portfolio, in contrast with a recommended asset mix.  Pros & Cons Pros Free and comprehensive investment portfolio analysis Provides specific recommendations to align your portfolio with your stated financial goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance level Cost analysis keeps you aware of fund expense ratios Easy account syncing Cons Lacks extensive customization No goal planning features No money management, budgeting, saving, debt, or spending guidance Kubera Kubera Year Founded: 2019Website: https://www.kubera.com/portfolio-trackerTrackable Asset Classes: Stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, cryptocurrency/DeFi, NFTs, real estate, cars, metals, web domains, cash, private investmentsTrackable Account Types: Brokerage, banks, fintech, cryptocurrency wallets & exchanges Learn More Overview Unlike some of our other selections, Kubera is a comprehensive tracker for all types of available assets. The platform is not for goal planning or budgeting, but asset aggregation first and  analysis second. In addition to the typical stocks, bonds, and funds, Kubera enables tracking of cryptocurrency wallets, cars, and even website domain names.  The dashboard is clean and lays out your net worth, types of assets and their values, including cash allocation. The Asset Allocation chart breaks out types of assets and a sector analysis of financial assets. The Deep Insights chart shows asset growth, while the net worth tool provides projection analyses based upon your proposed events, like college costs. Kubera charts include: Internal rate of return (IRR)Asset prices and cost basisBest performing assetsAsset allocationNet worth tracker Kubera is more of a holistic wealth management and tracking system than a tool for deep investment analysis. If you want to delve into a granular view of your portfolio's tax information, asset allocation, or performance versus market benchmarks, you’ll need to use another portfolio management software tool. However, there are still some appealing features, like the beneficiary manager that ensures the safe transfer of your portfolio of assets, financial information, and important legal documents to a designated beneficiary.  Pros & Cons Pros Tracks many types of assets, including cryptocurrency wallets and your actual auto valuation Best for net worth tracking Dead man switch and beneficiary management good for estate planning Designed for wealthy individuals to track multiple assets Cons Limited investment analysis reports Among the more expensive platforms  Morningstar Investor Morningstar Investor. Year Founded: 2022  Website: https://investor.morningstar.com/    https://www.morningstar.com/portfolio-manager Trackable Asset Classes: Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, CEFs synced. Manual entry of bonds, cash Trackable Account Types: Brokerage, bank accounts, insurance, credit union, credit card Learn More Overview Morningstar Investor is the offshoot of the original Morningstar Portfolio Manager product. Known for the “Morningstar X-Ray,” the reports, analysis, and asset screeners are expansive. Investor digs deep into your investments with analysis and comparisons not found on most other platforms. After either linking or manually inputting your portfolio, you’re able to analyze your investments.  The view and reporting customization options are among the broadest of all of the platforms. The holdings screen is customizable with more than 20 options from the typical cost and market value and asset percentage to Morningstar rating. Stock data reporting includes industry, sector, fundamental, financial, and profitability ratios, as well.  Morningstar X-Ray is the premier portfolio analysis tool. The reports and recommendations are on par with the tools of a financial advisor portfolio analysis.  Reporting capabilities include: Asset allocationStock sectorFees and expensesStock ratios and statisticsStock style diversificationStock typeGlobal holdings breakdownStock intersection The goal-planning, budget, net worth, and cash flow tools are less integrated into the platform than they are at competitors. The final Morningstar tools include screeners for stocks and funds.  Pros & Cons Pros Expansive list of investment analysis reports with extensive customization options X-Ray delves into the corners of users’ portfolios Suitable for stock, fund, and bond investors Morningstar is a premier service for investment research as well as analytical tools  Can create multiple portfolios Cons Cost might be high for smaller, cash-strapped investors Personal finance budgeting, saving, and debt tools are rudimentary Fidelity Full View Website: https://digital.fidelity.com/ftgw/digital/emoney/homeTrackable Asset Classes: Stocks, bondsTrackable Account Types: Investment, bank, credit cards, loan, mortgage, insurance accounts Learn More Overview The Fidelity Full View financial management program is a personal finance organization tool by eMoney Advisor, LLC, a Fidelity Company. The program stores your linked financial account data and integrates the data to analyze all of your accounts within one system. The supported accounts include bank, investment, credit card, loan, mortgage, and insurance. After you link your financial accounts, the information automatically updates daily.  The Fidelity Full View Dashboard shows net worth, investments, retirement analysis, spending, and protection (insurance). The investments easily sync and show asset allocation and transaction views, in addition to the summary.  The available investment reports include: Holdings detailNet worth history  Fidelity Full View works best in conjunction with other Fidelity services such as the retirement planner. This tool links your Fidelity and linked non-Fidelity accounts with retirement planning tools which prepare a plan based on answers to a questionnaire. You’ll receive an investment strategy and plan within this vertical. Pros & Cons Pros Good portfolio syncing with outside accounts Clean interface Access to Fidelity calculators and tools Tracks many account types  Cons Minimal investment related analysis and management tools Offers just three investment-related reports Available to Fidelity Customers only Final Verdict When beginning a weight-loss journey, the first step is to record your starting weight and then develop a plan to reach your goal. The same holds true for financial management. It’s tough to reach your financial goals if you don’t know your net worth, holdings, and their current value. The best portfolio management software gives you a sense of financial control. Although no one knows what the future holds, knowing what you own, where it is located, and what you paid vs. its current value is a good start. Whether you have a simple financial setup or a million dollars of financial assets, there is a financial software platform for you. Those seeking extensive tracking and monitoring of every conceivable type of asset will lean toward Kubera. Those who want to delve into a wide range of investment analyses will appreciate Quicken or Morningstar Investor. Ultimately, portfolio management software is a tool, like a scale, to use for financial goal setting and planning so that you can reach your preferred lifestyle in the future.  Compare the Best Portfolio Management Software Tools  Company  Trackable Asset Classes Trackable Account Types Quicken Premier Stocks, 401(k) plans, IRA's, mutual funds, options, bonds, ETFs, physical/tangible assets, real estate Brokerages, bank accounts, IRS Sharesight Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, term bonds, deposits, cryptocurrency, forex, options, private equity, real estate, precious metal  Brokerage Empower Personal Dashboard  Stocks, bonds, funds, cash alternatives and real estate Investments, 401(k) plans, bank accounts, liability SigFig U.S.-based stocks, U.S.-based bonds, developed (non-U.S.) and emerging market stocks, real estate, and short-term U.S. Treasury securities Brokerage Kubera Stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, cryptocurrency/DeFi, NFTs, real estate, cars, metals, web domains, cash, private investments Brokerage, banks, fintech, cryptocurrency wallets & exchanges Morningstar Investor Stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, CEFs synced. Manual entry of bonds, cash Brokerage, bank accounts, insurance, credit union, credit card Fidelity Full View  Stocks, bonds, credit card/bank, loans, mortgage, insurance Investment, bank, credit cards, loan, mortgage, insurance accounts Frequently Asked Questions What Is Portfolio Management Software? Portfolio management software refers to computer programs that organize, update, and report on financial investment portfolios. Many investors have accounts populated with stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds, and mutual funds. The portfolio management software is akin to a digital filing cabinet. The programs let users view their accounts and assets. Within the programs you can also create a variety of reports to help you understand your investment growth, cash flow, and more. How Should You Choose Portfolio Management Software? Like any software choice, the process begins with assessing your needs. Consider the types of assets that you need to track. Sophisticated investors might need software that tracks options, futures, or other advanced asset classes, while most investors will be satisfied with a portfolio management platform that can manage basic stocks, bonds, funds, real estate, and debt. Ensure that the portfolio management software that you select can be linked to your online accounts and easily updated. Investigate the available reports and make sure that the retirement planning tools are consistent with your preferences. Once you’ve clarified your needs, review the available platforms and select the one that is the best fit for your finances and investments. What Is the Best Portfolio Management Software? The best portfolio management software is the program that fits your pre-determined preferences. The software should be able to track and analyze your assets and provide the most useful reports for your financial situation. If you have many investments across multiple accounts, search for a sophisticated and comprehensive platform. If you’re focused on retirement planning, consider software with robust retirement planning tools. There’s no one best portfolio management software program, only the right platform for your budget and financial reporting needs. Can You Trade Stocks With Portfolio Management Software? No, stock trading and portfolio management are two distinct types of services. Portfolio management software isn’t designed for stock trading. Stock trading is best done through an investment brokerage firm such as Fidelity, E*TRADE, or Schwab. Or you might consider stock trading through an app such as Robinhood or Webull. While most investment brokers offer basic insights into your existing portfolio such as cost basis, capital gains, dividends and asset allocation, they typically do not integrate all of your outside accounts into their information. Portfolio management software is designed to accompany your investment brokerage accounts and consolidate financial tracking, reports, and insights. Methodology Portfolio management software makes it easy to check your net worth, gains, and losses, and view the overall diversification of the assets you own. To find the best portfolio software management software tools available, we examined several leading platforms based on usability, trackable assets, manageable account types, fees, and investment insights, as well as the quality of goal planning and tax tools. d3sign / Getty Images Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Crunchbase. "Quicken."  Helpl Quicken. "Analyze my portfolio." Sharesight. "Our Story."  Sharesight. "Supported Forex currencies."  Sharesight. "Frequently Asked Quiestions - What Can I Track In Sharesight?"  Sharesight. "Best Portfolio and Dividend Tracker."  Sharesight. "Plans and Pricing."  Empower. "Empower Retirement closes acquisition of Personal Capital."  Crunchbase. "Personal Capital."  Crunchbase. "Kubera."  Kubera. "How Kubera Works."  Kubera Blog. "Personal Capital vs Mint vs Kubera."  Morningstar. "morningstar x-ray overview."  Related Articles Empower Review 2024 Empower vs. Vanguard Personal Advisor: Which Is Best for You? Fidelity Review 2024 The 4 Top Portfolio Management Apps Best Robo-Advisors for May 2024 Wealthfront Review 2024 Related Terms Financial Portfolio: What It Is and How to Create and Manage One A financial portfolio is a collection of investments and holdings like stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, crypto, cash, and cash equivalents. more Overlay Definition in Portfolio Management, Pros & Cons Overlay refers to an asset management style that uses software to harmonize an investor's separately managed accounts, preventing inefficiencies and ensuring strategies are implemented and coordinated correctly. more Automated Investing: What it is and How to Take Advantage of it Automated investing is a technology-driven method of investment management that uses algorithms and mathematical models to make investment decisions on behalf of clients. more Portfolio Management: Definition, Types, and Strategies Portfolio management involves selecting and overseeing a group of investments that meet a client's long-term financial objectives and risk tolerance. more Full-Service Broker: Overview, Pros and Cons, FAQ A full-service broker is a broker that provides a large variety of services to its clients including research and advice, retirement planning, and more. more Investing in Equity Funds: A Beginner’s Guide An equity fund is a type of fund that uses investors' capital to invest in stocks (equity securities). more
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https://www.investopedia.com/gamestop-stock-soars-as-roaring-kitty-posts-for-first-time-in-3-years-8647335
GameStop Stock Temporarily Halted After Soaring Following 'Roaring Kitty' Posts
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <em>UPDATE—May 13, 2024: This article has been updated to include information about additional social media posts by Keith Gill, trading halts, and more recent stock price values.</em> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>GameStop shares were halted from trading multiple times due to volatility Monday morning after shares soared following a post on X by trader Keith Gill.</li><li>Keith Gill, known by his online persona of "Roaring Kitty," was a key driver of the 2020 meme stock craze, and posted to social media for the first time in nearly three years Sunday night.</li><li>Gill released two more posts Monday morning featuring short videos that nodded to his absence and return.</li><li>GameStop's stock price was still well below the levels it reached in early 2021 as of 11:45 a.m. ET Monday, but has more than doubled in value from the start of May.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> GameStop (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GME">GME</a>) shares were halted from trading multiple times due to volatility Monday morning after the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/meme-stock-5206762">meme stock</a> soared with the online <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/keith-gill-roaring-kitty-8303143">return of Keith Gill</a>, who was a key driver of the stock's surge in late 2020 and early 2021. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> GameStop shares jumped over 90% shortly after markets opened Monday, with no apparent reason to anyone who is not familiar with the meme stock frenzy of late 2020 and early 2021. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The mid-pandemic surge that has been immortalized in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/dumb-money-8286608">documentaries and movies</a> was fueled by waves of trading from an online community of retail traders, driven by a few key figures.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> One of those was Keith Gill, who is known in the online trading community by a number of different usernames, including "Roaring Kitty" on his YouTube and X accounts. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> On Sunday evening, Gill posted to his X account for the first time in nearly three years, returning to the digital world with a meme of a person playing video games leaning forward in his chair, indicating that the player is taking the game more seriously.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> Gill also released two more posts Monday morning, each with short videos that used clips from Marvel movies, along with famous scenes from "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" and "Breaking Bad." The videos nodded to Gill's absence and return with quotes including "Breaking Bad" character Walter White saying, "we're done when I say we're done."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-who-is-keith-roaring-kitty-gill"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Who Is Keith 'Roaring Kitty' Gill? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> Gill was a key player in the meme stock craze of 2020 and 2021, rising to prominence because of his substantial bets on GameStop as the stock was soaring. Gill's enthusiasm over the stock drove the online excitement along with other figures, including activist investor <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/gamestop-shares-sink-after-the-retailer-fires-ceo-elevates-ryan-cohen-7509779">Ryan Cohen</a>, who worked his way to the GameStop board and was named <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ceo.asp">Chief Executive Officer (CEO</a>) last year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> He was a streamer who made a bet, buying $53,000 worth of GameStop shares in 2019, after learning about the investing world and becoming convinced that the retailer was undervalued. At the peak of the meme stock surge, Gill's position was worth an estimated $48 million. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> The streamer eventually said goodbye to his online persona, last posting to YouTube and X (then Twitter) in 2021. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-is-the-online-retail-trading-community-reacting"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Is the Online Retail Trading Community Reacting? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Users of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/wallstreetbets-slang-and-memes-5111311">WallStreetBets subreddit</a>, the online community that was central to the GameStop surge of 2020, expressed excitement about Gill's return, with a number of top posts on the forum about Gill's post or GameStop's price as of Monday morning.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> GameStop and the company's stock symbol, GME, were each trending on X Monday morning, with many users celebrating Gill's return and posting about their investments into the stock. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> GameStop shares were up close to 62% at 11:45 a.m. Monday to $28.24, still well below the all-time high of $120.75 they reached on Jan. 28, 2021, but more than double the roughly $11 mark where they started the month. </p></div>
*UPDATE—May 13, 2024: This article has been updated to include information about additional social media posts by Keith Gill, trading halts, and more recent stock price values.* ### Key Takeaways * GameStop shares were halted from trading multiple times due to volatility Monday morning after shares soared following a post on X by trader Keith Gill. * Keith Gill, known by his online persona of "Roaring Kitty," was a key driver of the 2020 meme stock craze, and posted to social media for the first time in nearly three years Sunday night. * Gill released two more posts Monday morning featuring short videos that nodded to his absence and return. * GameStop's stock price was still well below the levels it reached in early 2021 as of 11:45 a.m. ET Monday, but has more than doubled in value from the start of May. GameStop ([GME](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GME)) shares were halted from trading multiple times due to volatility Monday morning after the [meme stock](https://www.investopedia.com/meme-stock-5206762) soared with the online [return of Keith Gill](https://www.investopedia.com/keith-gill-roaring-kitty-8303143), who was a key driver of the stock's surge in late 2020 and early 2021. GameStop shares jumped over 90% shortly after markets opened Monday, with no apparent reason to anyone who is not familiar with the meme stock frenzy of late 2020 and early 2021. The mid-pandemic surge that has been immortalized in [documentaries and movies](https://www.investopedia.com/dumb-money-8286608) was fueled by waves of trading from an online community of retail traders, driven by a few key figures. One of those was Keith Gill, who is known in the online trading community by a number of different usernames, including "Roaring Kitty" on his YouTube and X accounts. On Sunday evening, Gill posted to his X account for the first time in nearly three years, returning to the digital world with a meme of a person playing video games leaning forward in his chair, indicating that the player is taking the game more seriously. Gill also released two more posts Monday morning, each with short videos that used clips from Marvel movies, along with famous scenes from "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" and "Breaking Bad." The videos nodded to Gill's absence and return with quotes including "Breaking Bad" character Walter White saying, "we're done when I say we're done." ## Who Is Keith 'Roaring Kitty' Gill? Gill was a key player in the meme stock craze of 2020 and 2021, rising to prominence because of his substantial bets on GameStop as the stock was soaring. Gill's enthusiasm over the stock drove the online excitement along with other figures, including activist investor [Ryan Cohen](https://www.investopedia.com/gamestop-shares-sink-after-the-retailer-fires-ceo-elevates-ryan-cohen-7509779), who worked his way to the GameStop board and was named [Chief Executive Officer (CEO](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ceo.asp)) last year. He was a streamer who made a bet, buying $53,000 worth of GameStop shares in 2019, after learning about the investing world and becoming convinced that the retailer was undervalued. At the peak of the meme stock surge, Gill's position was worth an estimated $48 million. The streamer eventually said goodbye to his online persona, last posting to YouTube and X (then Twitter) in 2021. ## How Is the Online Retail Trading Community Reacting? Users of the [WallStreetBets subreddit](https://www.investopedia.com/wallstreetbets-slang-and-memes-5111311), the online community that was central to the GameStop surge of 2020, expressed excitement about Gill's return, with a number of top posts on the forum about Gill's post or GameStop's price as of Monday morning. GameStop and the company's stock symbol, GME, were each trending on X Monday morning, with many users celebrating Gill's return and posting about their investments into the stock. GameStop shares were up close to 62% at 11:45 a.m. Monday to $28.24, still well below the all-time high of $120.75 they reached on Jan. 28, 2021, but more than double the roughly $11 mark where they started the month.
UPDATE—May 13, 2024: This article has been updated to include information about additional social media posts by Keith Gill, trading halts, and more recent stock price values. Key Takeaways GameStop shares were halted from trading multiple times due to volatility Monday morning after shares soared following a post on X by trader Keith Gill.Keith Gill, known by his online persona of "Roaring Kitty," was a key driver of the 2020 meme stock craze, and posted to social media for the first time in nearly three years Sunday night.Gill released two more posts Monday morning featuring short videos that nodded to his absence and return.GameStop's stock price was still well below the levels it reached in early 2021 as of 11:45 a.m. ET Monday, but has more than doubled in value from the start of May. GameStop (GME) shares were halted from trading multiple times due to volatility Monday morning after the meme stock soared with the online return of Keith Gill, who was a key driver of the stock's surge in late 2020 and early 2021. GameStop shares jumped over 90% shortly after markets opened Monday, with no apparent reason to anyone who is not familiar with the meme stock frenzy of late 2020 and early 2021. The mid-pandemic surge that has been immortalized in documentaries and movies was fueled by waves of trading from an online community of retail traders, driven by a few key figures. One of those was Keith Gill, who is known in the online trading community by a number of different usernames, including "Roaring Kitty" on his YouTube and X accounts. On Sunday evening, Gill posted to his X account for the first time in nearly three years, returning to the digital world with a meme of a person playing video games leaning forward in his chair, indicating that the player is taking the game more seriously. Gill also released two more posts Monday morning, each with short videos that used clips from Marvel movies, along with famous scenes from "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" and "Breaking Bad." The videos nodded to Gill's absence and return with quotes including "Breaking Bad" character Walter White saying, "we're done when I say we're done." Who Is Keith 'Roaring Kitty' Gill? Gill was a key player in the meme stock craze of 2020 and 2021, rising to prominence because of his substantial bets on GameStop as the stock was soaring. Gill's enthusiasm over the stock drove the online excitement along with other figures, including activist investor Ryan Cohen, who worked his way to the GameStop board and was named Chief Executive Officer (CEO) last year. He was a streamer who made a bet, buying $53,000 worth of GameStop shares in 2019, after learning about the investing world and becoming convinced that the retailer was undervalued. At the peak of the meme stock surge, Gill's position was worth an estimated $48 million. The streamer eventually said goodbye to his online persona, last posting to YouTube and X (then Twitter) in 2021. How Is the Online Retail Trading Community Reacting? Users of the WallStreetBets subreddit, the online community that was central to the GameStop surge of 2020, expressed excitement about Gill's return, with a number of top posts on the forum about Gill's post or GameStop's price as of Monday morning. GameStop and the company's stock symbol, GME, were each trending on X Monday morning, with many users celebrating Gill's return and posting about their investments into the stock. GameStop shares were up close to 62% at 11:45 a.m. Monday to $28.24, still well below the all-time high of $120.75 they reached on Jan. 28, 2021, but more than double the roughly $11 mark where they started the month.
[ [ "GME", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=GME" ], [ "meme stock", "https://www.investopedia.com/meme-stock-5206762" ], [ "return of Keith Gill", "https://www.investopedia.com/keith-gill-roaring-kitty-8303143" ], [ "documentaries and movies", "https://www.investopedia.com/dumb-money-8286608" ], [ "Ryan Cohen", "https://www.investopedia.com/gamestop-shares-sink-after-the-retailer-fires-ceo-elevates-ryan-cohen-7509779" ], [ "Chief Executive Officer (CEO", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ceo.asp" ], [ "WallStreetBets subreddit", "https://www.investopedia.com/wallstreetbets-slang-and-memes-5111311" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deficit-net-worth.asp
Deficit Net Worth: What it Means, How it Works, Example
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-deficit-net-worth"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is Deficit Net Worth? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> Deficit net worth is a situation in which a person or a company's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp">liabilities</a> are greater than their assets. Also known as negative net worth, deficit net worth can occur for a variety of reasons, but it typically arises when current or future <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset.asp">asset</a> values erode unexpectedly. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Deficit net worth occurs when the values of liabilities are greater than the value of assets, resulting in net debt.</li><li>Such negative net worth can occur suddenly if asset values fall, as in the financial crisis of 2007-2008.</li><li>While deficit net worth is concerning, it does not imply immediate bankruptcy or other dire consequences for a business or an individual if their net worth can recover over a reasonably short period.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-deficit-net-worth-works"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Deficit Net Worth Works </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/networth.asp">net worth</a> is the amount by which your assets exceed your liabilities. In simple terms, net worth is the difference between what you <em>own</em> and what you <em>owe</em>. If your assets are greater than your liabilities, you have a positive net worth. Conversely, if your liabilities are greater than your assets, you have a negative net worth. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Your net worth provides a snapshot of your financial situation at a particular point in time. When calculated periodically, your net worth can be viewed as a financial report card that allows you to evaluate your current <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-health.asp">financial health</a>, see where you stand today vs. at some point in the past, and help you figure out what you need to do in order to reach your financial goals in the future.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> A negative, or deficit, net worth does not necessarily imply a looming <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp">bankruptcy</a>. Just as asset values can sometimes take a plunge, they can also make a rapid rise. Stock prices, for example, can be extremely volatile. A person who has a majority of their net worth tied up in their stock portfolio may experience a temporary deficit net worth if the market drops and the portfolio loses a large portion of its value. This may only be a temporary situation if the market recovers its value and the individual maintains their holdings through the downturn rather than selling them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> However, a deficit net worth can make it difficult or impossible for an individual to borrow money when they need it. For businesses it can also put a severe limit on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financing.asp">financing</a> opportunities and stifle future business growth. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-deficit-net-worth"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of Deficit Net Worth </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> During the financial crisis of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/financial-crisis-review.asp#citation-28">2007-2008</a>, when home values across the U.S. fell sharply, many people found themselves owing more on their mortgages than their homes were worth at that point, a situation sometimes referred to as being <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underwater-mortgage.asp">underwater</a>. Since a home is often the largest asset a person will own, this led to many households experiencing a deficit net worth, at least temporarily.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Home prices recovered over the next several years, so for households that were able to ride it out, having a deficit net worth for a while was not a big problem. However, for people who needed to sell their homes, refinance them, or borrow against them, it was a serious issue. It was doubly difficult for those who lost their jobs and/or saw the value of any securities or other financial assets they owned plummet as a result of the crisis. Many homeowners in that situation ended up losing their homes in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreclosure.asp">foreclosures</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-you-calculate-your-net-worth"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Can You Calculate Your Net Worth?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Calculating your net worth is relatively simple. List all of your assets and their current dollar value and add them up. Then do the same for your liabilities or debts. After that, subtract your liabilities total from your assets total.</p><p>There are many free online calculators that you can use for this purpose. For example, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has this <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://playmoneysmart.fdic.gov/tools/22">Calculate My Net Worth</a> tool on its website.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-common-is-it-to-have-a-deficit-net-worth"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Common Is It to Have a Deficit Net Worth?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>In 2019, about 10.4% of U.S. households had a negative net worth, for a total of 13 million households, according to the Aspen Institute. Based on its analysis of Federal Reserve Board data, the institute observed that, "Negative net worth is often—but not always—an indicator of financial hardship."<br/></p><p>"Households with negative net worth are a mix of those who live with chronic financial hardship and those transitioning towards building positive wealth (usually through a mortgage and homeownership)," its report explained. "However, the rise of student loan debt makes the future of 'transitory' negative net worth less certain, as more households take longer to repay."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-will-a-deficit-net-worth-hurt-your-credit-score"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Will a Deficit Net Worth Hurt Your Credit Score?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Probably not, at least directly. That's because your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_score.asp">credit score</a> is calculated based on the information in your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditreport.asp">credit reports</a>, and they don't include your investments or other assets.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> In other words, the credit scoring formula won't know whether your net worth is in positive or negative territory.</p><p>However, if you are also having trouble keeping up with your credit payments, that will be reflected in your credit reports and damage your credit score.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-can-you-avoid-a-deficit-net-worth"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Can You Avoid a Deficit Net Worth?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Because your net worth is based on both your liabilities and your assets, you can guard against a negative net worth by not taking on an unnecessarily high amount of debt and by regularly saving and investing to build up your assets.</p><p>Having a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/importance-diversification/">diversified</a> portfolio of assets is important, too. While some <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetclasses.asp">classes of assets</a> may fall in value at a particular point, others could hold their value or even increase, lessening the hit to your total net worth.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Having a deficit net worth can happen when a person's major assets, such as a home, experience a significant drop in value. Businesses can also experience a deficit net worth. While a deficit net worth may not be a problem if the assets rebound in value, can create serious difficulties if it persists for a long time or gets even worse. There are, however, steps you can take to try to prevent that. </p></div>
## What Is Deficit Net Worth? Deficit net worth is a situation in which a person or a company's [liabilities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp) are greater than their assets. Also known as negative net worth, deficit net worth can occur for a variety of reasons, but it typically arises when current or future [asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asset.asp) values erode unexpectedly. ### Key Takeaways * Deficit net worth occurs when the values of liabilities are greater than the value of assets, resulting in net debt. * Such negative net worth can occur suddenly if asset values fall, as in the financial crisis of 2007-2008. * While deficit net worth is concerning, it does not imply immediate bankruptcy or other dire consequences for a business or an individual if their net worth can recover over a reasonably short period. ## How Deficit Net Worth Works Your [net worth](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/networth.asp) is the amount by which your assets exceed your liabilities. In simple terms, net worth is the difference between what you *own* and what you *owe*. If your assets are greater than your liabilities, you have a positive net worth. Conversely, if your liabilities are greater than your assets, you have a negative net worth. Your net worth provides a snapshot of your financial situation at a particular point in time. When calculated periodically, your net worth can be viewed as a financial report card that allows you to evaluate your current [financial health](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-health.asp), see where you stand today vs. at some point in the past, and help you figure out what you need to do in order to reach your financial goals in the future. A negative, or deficit, net worth does not necessarily imply a looming [bankruptcy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankruptcy.asp). Just as asset values can sometimes take a plunge, they can also make a rapid rise. Stock prices, for example, can be extremely volatile. A person who has a majority of their net worth tied up in their stock portfolio may experience a temporary deficit net worth if the market drops and the portfolio loses a large portion of its value. This may only be a temporary situation if the market recovers its value and the individual maintains their holdings through the downturn rather than selling them. However, a deficit net worth can make it difficult or impossible for an individual to borrow money when they need it. For businesses it can also put a severe limit on [financing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financing.asp) opportunities and stifle future business growth. ## Example of Deficit Net Worth During the financial crisis of [2007-2008](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/financial-crisis-review.asp#citation-28), when home values across the U.S. fell sharply, many people found themselves owing more on their mortgages than their homes were worth at that point, a situation sometimes referred to as being [underwater](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underwater-mortgage.asp). Since a home is often the largest asset a person will own, this led to many households experiencing a deficit net worth, at least temporarily.  Home prices recovered over the next several years, so for households that were able to ride it out, having a deficit net worth for a while was not a big problem. However, for people who needed to sell their homes, refinance them, or borrow against them, it was a serious issue. It was doubly difficult for those who lost their jobs and/or saw the value of any securities or other financial assets they owned plummet as a result of the crisis. Many homeowners in that situation ended up losing their homes in [foreclosures](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foreclosure.asp). ## How Can You Calculate Your Net Worth? Calculating your net worth is relatively simple. List all of your assets and their current dollar value and add them up. Then do the same for your liabilities or debts. After that, subtract your liabilities total from your assets total. There are many free online calculators that you can use for this purpose. For example, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has this [Calculate My Net Worth](https://playmoneysmart.fdic.gov/tools/22) tool on its website. ## How Common Is It to Have a Deficit Net Worth? In 2019, about 10.4% of U.S. households had a negative net worth, for a total of 13 million households, according to the Aspen Institute. Based on its analysis of Federal Reserve Board data, the institute observed that, "Negative net worth is often—but not always—an indicator of financial hardship." "Households with negative net worth are a mix of those who live with chronic financial hardship and those transitioning towards building positive wealth (usually through a mortgage and homeownership)," its report explained. "However, the rise of student loan debt makes the future of 'transitory' negative net worth less certain, as more households take longer to repay." ## Will a Deficit Net Worth Hurt Your Credit Score? Probably not, at least directly. That's because your [credit score](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_score.asp) is calculated based on the information in your [credit reports](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditreport.asp), and they don't include your investments or other assets. In other words, the credit scoring formula won't know whether your net worth is in positive or negative territory. However, if you are also having trouble keeping up with your credit payments, that will be reflected in your credit reports and damage your credit score. ## How Can You Avoid a Deficit Net Worth? Because your net worth is based on both your liabilities and your assets, you can guard against a negative net worth by not taking on an unnecessarily high amount of debt and by regularly saving and investing to build up your assets. Having a [diversified](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/importance-diversification/) portfolio of assets is important, too. While some [classes of assets](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetclasses.asp) may fall in value at a particular point, others could hold their value or even increase, lessening the hit to your total net worth. ## The Bottom Line Having a deficit net worth can happen when a person's major assets, such as a home, experience a significant drop in value. Businesses can also experience a deficit net worth. While a deficit net worth may not be a problem if the assets rebound in value, can create serious difficulties if it persists for a long time or gets even worse. There are, however, steps you can take to try to prevent that.
What Is Deficit Net Worth? Deficit net worth is a situation in which a person or a company's liabilities are greater than their assets. Also known as negative net worth, deficit net worth can occur for a variety of reasons, but it typically arises when current or future asset values erode unexpectedly. Key Takeaways Deficit net worth occurs when the values of liabilities are greater than the value of assets, resulting in net debt.Such negative net worth can occur suddenly if asset values fall, as in the financial crisis of 2007-2008.While deficit net worth is concerning, it does not imply immediate bankruptcy or other dire consequences for a business or an individual if their net worth can recover over a reasonably short period. How Deficit Net Worth Works Your net worth is the amount by which your assets exceed your liabilities. In simple terms, net worth is the difference between what you own and what you owe. If your assets are greater than your liabilities, you have a positive net worth. Conversely, if your liabilities are greater than your assets, you have a negative net worth. Your net worth provides a snapshot of your financial situation at a particular point in time. When calculated periodically, your net worth can be viewed as a financial report card that allows you to evaluate your current financial health, see where you stand today vs. at some point in the past, and help you figure out what you need to do in order to reach your financial goals in the future. A negative, or deficit, net worth does not necessarily imply a looming bankruptcy. Just as asset values can sometimes take a plunge, they can also make a rapid rise. Stock prices, for example, can be extremely volatile. A person who has a majority of their net worth tied up in their stock portfolio may experience a temporary deficit net worth if the market drops and the portfolio loses a large portion of its value. This may only be a temporary situation if the market recovers its value and the individual maintains their holdings through the downturn rather than selling them. However, a deficit net worth can make it difficult or impossible for an individual to borrow money when they need it. For businesses it can also put a severe limit on financing opportunities and stifle future business growth. Example of Deficit Net Worth During the financial crisis of 2007-2008, when home values across the U.S. fell sharply, many people found themselves owing more on their mortgages than their homes were worth at that point, a situation sometimes referred to as being underwater. Since a home is often the largest asset a person will own, this led to many households experiencing a deficit net worth, at least temporarily.  Home prices recovered over the next several years, so for households that were able to ride it out, having a deficit net worth for a while was not a big problem. However, for people who needed to sell their homes, refinance them, or borrow against them, it was a serious issue. It was doubly difficult for those who lost their jobs and/or saw the value of any securities or other financial assets they owned plummet as a result of the crisis. Many homeowners in that situation ended up losing their homes in foreclosures. How Can You Calculate Your Net Worth? Calculating your net worth is relatively simple. List all of your assets and their current dollar value and add them up. Then do the same for your liabilities or debts. After that, subtract your liabilities total from your assets total.There are many free online calculators that you can use for this purpose. For example, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has this Calculate My Net Worth tool on its website. How Common Is It to Have a Deficit Net Worth? In 2019, about 10.4% of U.S. households had a negative net worth, for a total of 13 million households, according to the Aspen Institute. Based on its analysis of Federal Reserve Board data, the institute observed that, "Negative net worth is often—but not always—an indicator of financial hardship.""Households with negative net worth are a mix of those who live with chronic financial hardship and those transitioning towards building positive wealth (usually through a mortgage and homeownership)," its report explained. "However, the rise of student loan debt makes the future of 'transitory' negative net worth less certain, as more households take longer to repay." Will a Deficit Net Worth Hurt Your Credit Score? Probably not, at least directly. That's because your credit score is calculated based on the information in your credit reports, and they don't include your investments or other assets. In other words, the credit scoring formula won't know whether your net worth is in positive or negative territory.However, if you are also having trouble keeping up with your credit payments, that will be reflected in your credit reports and damage your credit score. How Can You Avoid a Deficit Net Worth? Because your net worth is based on both your liabilities and your assets, you can guard against a negative net worth by not taking on an unnecessarily high amount of debt and by regularly saving and investing to build up your assets.Having a diversified portfolio of assets is important, too. While some classes of assets may fall in value at a particular point, others could hold their value or even increase, lessening the hit to your total net worth. The Bottom Line Having a deficit net worth can happen when a person's major assets, such as a home, experience a significant drop in value. Businesses can also experience a deficit net worth. While a deficit net worth may not be a problem if the assets rebound in value, can create serious difficulties if it persists for a long time or gets even worse. There are, however, steps you can take to try to prevent that.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accra-cost-of-living-index-coli.asp
Accra Cost Of Living Index (COLI): What It Is, How It Works
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-accra-cost-of-living-index"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the ACCRA Cost Of Living Index? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> The ACCRA <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/how-cost-living-index-calculated.asp">Cost of Living Index</a> is a dataset containing key living costs compiled by the Council for Community and Economic Research. Economists can use the index to make an apples-to-apples comparison of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-living.asp">cost of living</a> between two different urban areas in the United States.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-accra-coli"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the ACCRA COLI </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> The ACCRA Cost of Living Index is a quarterly publication put out by the American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association and the Council for Community and Economic Research. The index uses a set of broad categories calculated based upon <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-spending.asp">consumer spending</a> on groceries, housing, utilities, transportation, health care and a miscellaneous collection of goods and services that do not fit under other categories. The composite index weights costs based upon spending patterns identified in households with mid-management income, as measured by government surveys.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Price comparison data exist within the index for over 300 U.S. cities, aggregated by county and by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/msa.asp">metropolitan statistical area</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-using-the-coli"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Using the COLI </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> The index publishes a national average for the cost of each item in a category and extrapolates an expected expenditure by various family types in a specific area based on the variance from the national baseline across categories. For example, the index looks at a variety of staple grocery items to generate its overall category expenditure, including items such as ground beef, eggs, bananas, coffee, and facial tissues. Average rental costs for apartments and average home sale prices yield a cost for housing. A similar approach across categories led to a national average of $5,976 per month in 2017 for a couple with children under six years of age. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Job seekers and human resources departments can use the ACCRA Cost of Living Index to compare salaries and salary requirements in different parts of the country by looking at the deviation from average in a given area. Apartment rent averaged $1,037 per month on a national level in 2017 according to the index, significantly lower than the rent one might pay in Manhattan or other major coastal urban areas. Employers might use COLI data to ensure their pay remains competitive with salaries in other areas or to ensure that job seekers considering a move understand how much farther their take-home pay would go. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-coli-vs-cpi"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> COLI vs. CPI </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> The ACCRA Cost of Living Index provides points of comparison between two geographic areas at a single point in time. It has little statistical value in terms of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/101314/what-does-current-cost-living-compare-20-years-ago.asp">tracking prices over time</a>, or charting inflation, however. For those interested in measuring inflation, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes the Consumer Price Index, which uses a somewhat similar approach to capture changes in cost of living over time.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p></div>
## What Is the ACCRA Cost Of Living Index? The ACCRA [Cost of Living Index](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/how-cost-living-index-calculated.asp) is a dataset containing key living costs compiled by the Council for Community and Economic Research. Economists can use the index to make an apples-to-apples comparison of the [cost of living](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-living.asp) between two different urban areas in the United States. ## Understanding the ACCRA COLI The ACCRA Cost of Living Index is a quarterly publication put out by the American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association and the Council for Community and Economic Research. The index uses a set of broad categories calculated based upon [consumer spending](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-spending.asp) on groceries, housing, utilities, transportation, health care and a miscellaneous collection of goods and services that do not fit under other categories. The composite index weights costs based upon spending patterns identified in households with mid-management income, as measured by government surveys. Price comparison data exist within the index for over 300 U.S. cities, aggregated by county and by [metropolitan statistical area](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/msa.asp). ## Using the COLI The index publishes a national average for the cost of each item in a category and extrapolates an expected expenditure by various family types in a specific area based on the variance from the national baseline across categories. For example, the index looks at a variety of staple grocery items to generate its overall category expenditure, including items such as ground beef, eggs, bananas, coffee, and facial tissues. Average rental costs for apartments and average home sale prices yield a cost for housing. A similar approach across categories led to a national average of $5,976 per month in 2017 for a couple with children under six years of age. Job seekers and human resources departments can use the ACCRA Cost of Living Index to compare salaries and salary requirements in different parts of the country by looking at the deviation from average in a given area. Apartment rent averaged $1,037 per month on a national level in 2017 according to the index, significantly lower than the rent one might pay in Manhattan or other major coastal urban areas. Employers might use COLI data to ensure their pay remains competitive with salaries in other areas or to ensure that job seekers considering a move understand how much farther their take-home pay would go. ## COLI vs. CPI The ACCRA Cost of Living Index provides points of comparison between two geographic areas at a single point in time. It has little statistical value in terms of [tracking prices over time](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/101314/what-does-current-cost-living-compare-20-years-ago.asp), or charting inflation, however. For those interested in measuring inflation, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes the Consumer Price Index, which uses a somewhat similar approach to capture changes in cost of living over time.
What Is the ACCRA Cost Of Living Index? The ACCRA Cost of Living Index is a dataset containing key living costs compiled by the Council for Community and Economic Research. Economists can use the index to make an apples-to-apples comparison of the cost of living between two different urban areas in the United States. Understanding the ACCRA COLI The ACCRA Cost of Living Index is a quarterly publication put out by the American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association and the Council for Community and Economic Research. The index uses a set of broad categories calculated based upon consumer spending on groceries, housing, utilities, transportation, health care and a miscellaneous collection of goods and services that do not fit under other categories. The composite index weights costs based upon spending patterns identified in households with mid-management income, as measured by government surveys. Price comparison data exist within the index for over 300 U.S. cities, aggregated by county and by metropolitan statistical area. Using the COLI The index publishes a national average for the cost of each item in a category and extrapolates an expected expenditure by various family types in a specific area based on the variance from the national baseline across categories. For example, the index looks at a variety of staple grocery items to generate its overall category expenditure, including items such as ground beef, eggs, bananas, coffee, and facial tissues. Average rental costs for apartments and average home sale prices yield a cost for housing. A similar approach across categories led to a national average of $5,976 per month in 2017 for a couple with children under six years of age. Job seekers and human resources departments can use the ACCRA Cost of Living Index to compare salaries and salary requirements in different parts of the country by looking at the deviation from average in a given area. Apartment rent averaged $1,037 per month on a national level in 2017 according to the index, significantly lower than the rent one might pay in Manhattan or other major coastal urban areas. Employers might use COLI data to ensure their pay remains competitive with salaries in other areas or to ensure that job seekers considering a move understand how much farther their take-home pay would go. COLI vs. CPI The ACCRA Cost of Living Index provides points of comparison between two geographic areas at a single point in time. It has little statistical value in terms of tracking prices over time, or charting inflation, however. For those interested in measuring inflation, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes the Consumer Price Index, which uses a somewhat similar approach to capture changes in cost of living over time.
[ [ "Cost of Living Index", "https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/how-cost-living-index-calculated.asp" ], [ "cost of living", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-living.asp" ], [ "consumer spending", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-spending.asp" ], [ "metropolitan statistical area", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/msa.asp" ], [ "tracking prices over time", "https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/101314/what-does-current-cost-living-compare-20-years-ago.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/nvidia-buys-israeli-software-startup-to-boost-its-ai-offerings-8638185
Nvidia Buys Israeli Software Startup To Boost Its AI Offerings
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Nvidia expanded its reach into the artificial intelligence market Wednesday by purchasing software provider Run:ai.</li><li>Run:ai uses a platform on the Kubernetes open-source system, offering customers workload management and orchestration software.</li><li>Financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed.</li></ul></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Nvidia (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVDA">NVDA</a>) shares were slightly lower in intraday trading Wednesday after the chipmaker added to its reach into <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp">artificial intelligence (AI</a>) by purchasing software provider Run:ai. Financial terms were not disclosed.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Run:ai is an Israeli startup that offers workload management and orchestration software, working off a platform on the Kubernetes open-source system. Nvidia explained that Run:ai allows “enterprise customers to manage and optimize their compute infrastructure, whether on premises, in the cloud or in hybrid environments.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> The company noted that Run:ai’s customers “include some of the world’s largest enterprises across multiple industries, which use the Run:ai platform to manage data-center-scale GPU clusters.” </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Nvidia added that the acquisition will help its customers make more efficient use of their AI computing resources. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> Shares of Nvidia were down 1% to $815.97 as of 1:25 p.m. ET Wednesday but have added almost two-thirds of their value this year. They had hit an all-time high of $974.00 on March 8.<br/> </p></div>
### Key Takeaways * Nvidia expanded its reach into the artificial intelligence market Wednesday by purchasing software provider Run:ai. * Run:ai uses a platform on the Kubernetes open-source system, offering customers workload management and orchestration software. * Financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. Nvidia ([NVDA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVDA)) shares were slightly lower in intraday trading Wednesday after the chipmaker added to its reach into [artificial intelligence (AI](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp)) by purchasing software provider Run:ai. Financial terms were not disclosed. Run:ai is an Israeli startup that offers workload management and orchestration software, working off a platform on the Kubernetes open-source system. Nvidia explained that Run:ai allows “enterprise customers to manage and optimize their compute infrastructure, whether on premises, in the cloud or in hybrid environments.” The company noted that Run:ai’s customers “include some of the world’s largest enterprises across multiple industries, which use the Run:ai platform to manage data-center-scale GPU clusters.” Nvidia added that the acquisition will help its customers make more efficient use of their AI computing resources. Shares of Nvidia were down 1% to $815.97 as of 1:25 p.m. ET Wednesday but have added almost two-thirds of their value this year. They had hit an all-time high of $974.00 on March 8.
Key Takeaways Nvidia expanded its reach into the artificial intelligence market Wednesday by purchasing software provider Run:ai.Run:ai uses a platform on the Kubernetes open-source system, offering customers workload management and orchestration software.Financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. Nvidia (NVDA) shares were slightly lower in intraday trading Wednesday after the chipmaker added to its reach into artificial intelligence (AI) by purchasing software provider Run:ai. Financial terms were not disclosed. Run:ai is an Israeli startup that offers workload management and orchestration software, working off a platform on the Kubernetes open-source system. Nvidia explained that Run:ai allows “enterprise customers to manage and optimize their compute infrastructure, whether on premises, in the cloud or in hybrid environments.” The company noted that Run:ai’s customers “include some of the world’s largest enterprises across multiple industries, which use the Run:ai platform to manage data-center-scale GPU clusters.” Nvidia added that the acquisition will help its customers make more efficient use of their AI computing resources. Shares of Nvidia were down 1% to $815.97 as of 1:25 p.m. ET Wednesday but have added almost two-thirds of their value this year. They had hit an all-time high of $974.00 on March 8.
[ [ "NVDA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=NVDA" ], [ "artificial intelligence (AI", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/axos-bank-review-4802090
Axos Bank Review
<div class="comp mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content sc-ad-container article-content" id="mntl-external-basic-sublayout-content_1-0"><div class="loc content-body"> <span class="comp external-content mntl-external-component" id="external-content_1-0"><div class="comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base" id="product-review-content--finance_1-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-appear article-container article-intro mntl-block" id="article-intro_1-0"> <div class="comp product-card" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="product-card" id="product-card_1-0" style="--imgWidth: 369px"> <div class="product-card__content"> <div class="product-card__intro expert-content"> <figure class="comp figure-article figure-3x2 upscaleImg product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="product-card__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img alt="Axos Bank" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="1000" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/FjXthq5apRSV-I1C9PkxdkaOSaE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,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')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Axos Bank" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="1000" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/FjXthq5apRSV-I1C9PkxdkaOSaE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_1-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Axos Bank</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article figure-3x2 upscaleImg product-card__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="product-card__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=898668.18&amp;type=3" id="commerce-button_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open Account</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-riser-show product-card__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Axos Bank is one of the oldest online-only banks around. Formed in 2000, it continues to grow, offering full-service banking for individuals and businesses.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> This in-depth review of one of the online banking industry leaders will give you insight into the accounts and services available through Axos Bank and whether it’s the right bank for you. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block" data-click-action="Product Tab Click" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="Full Product Review"> <ul class="tabbed-sc-block__tabs"> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Pros &amp; Cons</span></li> <li class="tabbed-sc-block__tab js-tabbed-tab" data-tab-index="2"><span class="tabbed-sc-block__title">Company Overview</span></li> </ul> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab is-active is-initial-load js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="1"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Pros &amp; Cons</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content is-active is-initial-load" data-tab-index="1"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-2"> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Full-Service Banking</p></li> <li><p>ATM Fee Reimbursements</p></li> <li><p>Fewer Monthly Fees</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="prm-sc-block-comparisonlist__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No Physical Branches</p></li> <li><p>Average CD Rates</p></li> <li><p>Lower Savings Rates</p><p><br/></p></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist --> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__heading js-tabbed-tab js-single-tab-control" data-tab-index="2"> <span class="tabbed-sc-block__text">Company Overview</span> </div> <div class="tabbed-sc-block__content js-tabbed-content expert-content" data-tab-index="2"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block--product-spec-tool mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-tool mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0-4"> <div class="comp product-spec-tool definition-list" id="product-spec-tool_1-0"> <ul class="definition-list__container"> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Year Founded</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-0"> 2000 </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Official Website</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-1"> www.axosbank.com </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Official Products Offered</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-2"> Savings, checking, CDs, MMA </span> </span> </li> <li class="definition-list__item"> <span class="definition-list__item-content-container"> <span class="definition-list__item-title">Customer Service</span> <span class="definition-list__item-content definition-list__item-content-3"> 24/7 Phone: 1-888-502-2967. Account access online or via app 24/7. </span> </span> </li> </ul> </div><!-- end: comp product-spec-tool definition-list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block--product-spec-tool mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-tool mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block --> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-card --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-appear article-container article-intro mntl-block --> <div class="loc body-content article-container"> <div class="comp article-body article-content mntl-block" id="article-content_1-0"> <div class="comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block" id="product-review__left-nav_1-0"> <div class="comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__toc_1-0"> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__product-container_1-0"> <figure class="comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image" id="sticky-toc-widget__image_1-0"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:50.0%;"> <img alt="Axos Bank" class="primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/UqKW43EG45bxL0nJ7Rfe2BLLUyg=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,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')" width="1500"/> <noscript> <img alt="Axos Bank" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" height="750" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/UqKW43EG45bxL0nJ7Rfe2BLLUyg=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png" width="1500"/> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption" id="primary-image__figcap_2-0"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Axos Bank</p></span> </figcaption><!-- end: comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption --> </figure><!-- end: comp figure-article sticky-toc-widget__image litho-figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image primary-image --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block" id="sticky-toc-widget__cta_1-0"> <a class="commerce-button mntl-text-link" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-tracking-container="false" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=898668.18&amp;type=3" id="commerce-button_2-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open Account</span></a><!-- end: commerce-button mntl-text-link --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__cta commerce-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget__product-container mntl-block --> <div class="comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block" data-chop-desktop="false" data-chop-mobile="false" data-desktop-bp="54em" data-tracking-container="true" id="sticky-toc-widget__toc_3-0"> <div class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true" id="toc-wrapper_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__inner_3-0"> <div class="comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-toc__heading_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_5-0"> Table of Contents</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block" id="mntl-toc-toggle_3-0"> <button class="comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block" data-collapsed-text="Expand" data-expanded-text="View All" id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_3-0"> View All</button><!-- end: comp js-mntl-toc-toggle mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-toc-toggle mntl-toc__heading mntl-block --> <div class="comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Axos Bank Review" data-click-tracked="true" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_3-0"> <span class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block" id="mntl-toc__heading-text_6-0"> Axos Bank Review</span><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp js-sticky-toggle mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block --> <ul class="comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list" id="mntl-toc__list_3-0"> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Pros Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-pros-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Pros Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-1"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-1"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Cons Explained" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-cons-explained" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-1" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Cons Explained</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-2"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-2"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Best for" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-who-is-axos-bank-best-for" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-2" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Best for</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-3"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-3"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Bank Offerings" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-what-does-axos-bank-offer" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-3" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Bank Offerings</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-4"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-4"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Other Products" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-other-financial-products-offered-by-axos-bank" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-4" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Other Products</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-5"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-5"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Customer Service" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-axos-bank-customer-service" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-5" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Customer Service</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-6"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-6"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-How to Bank" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-how-to-bank-with-axos-bank" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-6" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">How to Bank</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> <li class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0-7"> <div class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block" id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0-7"> <a class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-click-action="OnPageClick-Methodology" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="PRM Roundup | Table of Contents" href="#toc-methodology" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0-7" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">Methodology</span></a><!-- end: mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block --> </li><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block --> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content mntl-toc__list --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp sticky-toc-widget sticky-toc-widget__toc sticky-toc--finance sticky-toc--base mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sticky-toc product-review__toc--finance product-review__toc sticky-toc-widget mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp left-nav js-sticky-container product-review__left-nav mntl-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-page--commerce expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="product-review__content_1-0"> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-1"> <li><strong>Full-Service Banking</strong>: Axos Bank is a full-service online bank with checking, savings, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarketaccount.asp">money market accounts</a>, as well as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp">certificates of deposit</a> (CDs), loans, and investment options. </li> <li><strong>ATM Fee Reimbursements</strong>: As it doesn’t have its own ATM network, Axos customers get unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursements with Rewards, Cashback, and Essential checking accounts. Golden checking accounts receive up to $8 fee reimbursement per month.</li> <li><strong>Fewer Monthly Fees</strong>:<strong> </strong>There are no monthly fees with Axos savings and checking accounts. Only Essential, Rewards, First, and Golden checking accounts have no overdraft fees for non-sufficient funds.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cons-explained"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-2"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Cons Explained </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-3"> <li><strong>No Physical Branches</strong>: Axos Bank operates entirely online. Customers receive ATM fee reimbursement, but Axos is the wrong choice if you’re looking for in-person help from a bank teller. </li><li><strong>Average CD Rates</strong>: Axos Bank’s CD rates are average at best. Its rates are just above the national average for shorter terms but below the average for terms longer than 36 months. Axos CD rates are well below what you find with other online banks.  </li><li><strong>Lower Savings Rates</strong>: While Axos Bank’s rate for its high-yield savings account is above the national average, it’s well below what other online banks offer.</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-who-is-axos-bank-best-for"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-4"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Who Is Axos Bank Best for? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-5"> Axos Bank should appeal to consumers looking for a full-service online bank. It may be a good fit for customers who want to: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-6"> <li>Earn interest or rewards with a checking account</li><li>Open a checking or savings account with no monthly maintenance fees </li><li>Earn a competitive rate on savings</li><li>Do the majority of their banking online</li><li>Open an online checking account for a child</li><li>Get unlimited reimbursement for ATM fees</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-does-axos-bank-offer"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-7"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Does Axos Bank Offer? </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-8"> Despite being strictly an online bank, Axos Bank offers a host of bank account options and services.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-9"> <li>Savings Account</li><li>Checking Accounts</li><li>Money Market Account</li><li>CDs</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-10"> Learn more about each type of account Axos Bank offers below. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-11"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Savings Account </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-12"> Axos Bank’s <strong>High-Yield Savings</strong> earns considerably more interest than you’ll find at your local bank, but it’s still not as much as some of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/banks-pay-highest-interest-rates-savings-accounts/">best high-yield savings accounts</a>. It requires an initial minimum deposit of $100 to open an account, but there are no monthly minimum balance requirements after that.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-13"> Other features of Axos’ savings account include: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-14"> <li>A 0.61% <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/apy.asp">annual percentage yield</a> (APY) on balances below $25,000.</li> <li>No monthly maintenance fees </li> <li>A free ATM card upon request</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-15"> Axos Bank’s savings account allows six transactions per monthly billing statement, excluding withdrawals and transfers made by mail or ATM.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-16"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Checking Accounts </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-17"> <strong>Essential Checking</strong> is Axos Bank’s standard checking account. It doesn’t earn interest or rewards. It does offer perks such as Direct Deposit Express, which allows you to get paid up to two days early.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-18"> This checking account comes with unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursements, and there are no monthly minimum balance requirements. With Axos Bank’s Essential Checking account, you will never pay:  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-19"> <li>Overdraft fees</li><li>Non-sufficient funds fees</li><li>Monthly maintenance fees</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-20"> Axos Bank’s <strong>Rewards Checking</strong> is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tiered-rate-account.asp">tiered interest rate</a> account that earns up to 3.30% APY. It has no fees or minimum balance requirements, and it’s easy to open, with only a $50 minimum deposit required. It has three requirements to get to the highest APY:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-21"> <li>Monthly direct deposits of $1,500 or more will earn 0.40%</li><li>Using your debit card for at least ten transactions of at least $3 per month or signing up for Personal Finance Manager will earn 0.3%</li><li>Having a Managed Portfolio Account with an average daily balance of $2,500 or more will earn 1.00%</li><li>Having a Self Directed Trading Account with an average daily balance of $2,500 or more will earn 1.00%</li><li>Using your Rewards Checking Account to make a full monthly payment on an Axos consumer loan will earn 0.60%</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-22"> Typically, cashback rewards are reserved for credit cards, but <strong>CashBack Checking</strong> from Axos Bank is the exception. Customers earn up to 1% cash back on all signature-based purchases. Other features of CashBack Checking accounts include:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-23"> <li>Unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursement</li><li>Unlimited check writing privileges</li><li>No monthly maintenance fees</li><li>Mobile banking access</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-24"> Do you want to teach your children responsible money management skills? You can do just that with a <strong>First Checking</strong> account from Axos Bank. It’s a joint bank account for children ages 13 to 17 that features:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-25"> <li>An 0.10% APY</li><li>Up to $12 domestic ATM fee reimbursement monthly</li><li>No overdraft fees</li><li>No non-sufficient funds fees</li><li>No monthly maintenance fees</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-26"> <strong>Golden Checking</strong> is designed with individuals 55 years old and older in mind. With only a $50 initial deposit required, this interest-bearing checking account has a lot to offer, including:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="7"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-27"> <li>Up to 0.10% APY</li><li>Monthly domestic ATM fee reimbursement of $8</li><li>Free personal checks</li><li>No monthly maintenance fees</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-28"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Money Market Account </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-29"> The <strong>High-Yield Money Market</strong> accounts from Axos Bank combine high-yield interest-earning with the conveniences of a checking account. An account comes with check writing privileges and a debit card. It earns 0.25% APY regardless of the balance amount.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-30"> There is a $1,000 minimum balance required to open a money market account, but there are no monthly balance requirements after that. It doesn’t have monthly maintenance fees either. High-yield money market accounts have access to mobile banking through the Axos mobile app, including mobile check deposits. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <h3 class="comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-31"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> CDs </span> </h3><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-32"> If you’re looking to boost savings, consider CDs from Axos Bank. CDs allow customers to earn predictable returns on their money over an extended time. Interest earned on Axos’ CDs is much less than what you’ll find with many other online banks. Opening an Axos CD account does require a $1,000 minimum deposit. CD terms range from three months to five years, depending on your needs. Axos Bank CDs come with:<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span>  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-33"> <li>Up to 0.20% APY</li><li>No setup fees</li><li>No maintenance fees</li><li>An auto-renewal option</li><li>Free electronic interest transfers</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-34"> Notably, like most banks, Axos Bank charges early withdrawal penalties to customers who withdraw funds, other than earned interest, before CD maturity. Penalties are based on CD term lengths.  </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-35"> Here are Axos Bank’s CD terms and rates. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <figure class="comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="table-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-36"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="2">Axos CD Terms and Rates</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td>Terms</td> <td>Rates</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Three Months</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Six Months</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>One Year</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Two Years</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Three Years</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Four Years</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Five Years</td> <td>0.20%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure><!-- end: comp js-table-scroll sc-block-table--base sc-block-table--finance mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-table--finance prm-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-other-financial-products-offered-by-axos-bank"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-37"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Other Financial Products Offered by Axos Bank </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-38"> Beyond traditional personal banking solutions, Axos Bank has a wide range of other offerings: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-39"> <li>Auto Loans</li> <li>Personal Loans</li> <li>Purchase Mortgages</li> <li>Refinance Mortgages</li> <li><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage/heloc/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit</a></li> <li>Federal Housing Authority (FHA) Loans</li> <li>U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Loans</li> <li>Automated Investing Options</li> <li>Business and Commercial Banking and Lending Solutions</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-axos-bank-customer-service"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-40"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Axos Bank Customer Service </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-41"> Axos Bank takes customer service seriously, with access 24/7 for its customers. Personal banking support is available by: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-42"> <li>Phone (1-888-502-2967)</li><li>Secure Message (through an online account) </li><li>Mail</li><li>Mobile App</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-43"> For convenience, the Axos Bank mobile app comes with helpful features such as account access, fund transfers, online bill payment, and mobile check deposits. The mobile app is available on iOS and Android. Axos Bank’s website features customer support options, including FAQs, calculators, helpful articles, and other tools. Axos Bank accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000 per person.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-bank-with-axos-bank"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-44"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Bank With Axos Bank </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-45"> You can open an Axos Bank account through its website. You’ll need the following personal information available when opening an account: </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-46"> <li>Valid Drivers License or State ID</li><li>Social Security Number</li><li>Valid U.S. Mailing Address (no post office boxes)</li> </ul><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-47"> Applicants must be U.S citizens or resident aliens at least 18 years of age. For First Checking accounts, children must have a parent or guardian who is at least 18 years old as a joint owner on the account. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp theme-finalverdict mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-48"> <span class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0"> Verdict</span><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block --> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"> <p>Axos Bank provides a way <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/11/benefits-and-drawbacks-of-internet-banks.asp">to move most of your banking online</a>. There’s a lot to like about this online bank, with options for checking, savings, CDs, investing, and more. Multiple checking account options give customers the flexibility to earn interest or cash back. Axos Bank’s Rewards Checking account doesn’t have the highest APY among online banks, but it’s enough to make opening an account worthwhile as part of an overall online banking plan, and there are almost no fees charged. Having no physical locations may be a turnoff for some customers, and those looking for competitive CD rates should turn elsewhere.</p></div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block --> </div><!-- end: comp theme-finalverdict mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-callout--finance prm-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block --> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-methodology"></span> <h2 class="comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-49"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Methodology </span> </h2><!-- end: comp finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading --> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-50"> Investopedia is dedicated to providing consumers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of banks. We collected over 20 data points across more than 80 banks, including products available, interest rates, fees, and accessibility, to ensure that our content helps users make the right decision for their savings and banking needs. </p><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html --> <div class="comp review-content js-sticky-riser-hide mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block" data-click-tracked="false" data-link-closest-header="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-use-child-url=".mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-use-external-image="false" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0-51"> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list_1-0"> <a class="button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-retailer-type="none" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=898668.18&amp;type=3" id="button_1-0" rel="noskim noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open Account</span></a><!-- end: button mntl-commerce-button js-extended-commerce__button mntl-sc-block-commerce__button --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-block-commerce-button-list mntl-commerce-button-list-block mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp review-content js-sticky-riser-hide mntl-sc-block prm-sc-block-commerce--finance prm-sc-block-commerce mntl-sc-block-commerce--universal-image mntl-sc-block-commerce mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp mntl-sc-page--commerce expert-content product-review__content prm-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block --> </div><!-- end: comp article-body article-content mntl-block --> </div> </div><!-- end: comp product-review-content product-review-content--finance product-review--base --> </span> </div><div class="loc content-bottom"><div class="comp prm-article-sources article-sources mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="100" id="prm-article-sources_1-0"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block article-sources__wrapper" data-click-tracked="true" id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block article-sources__heading" id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0">Article Sources</div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper mntl-block article-sources__icon-wrapper" id="mntl-article-sources__icon-wrapper_1-0"><div class="comp article-sources__show-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__show-icon_1-0"></div> <div class="comp article-sources__hide-icon mntl-block" id="article-sources__hide-icon_1-0"></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div class="comp article-sources__disclaimer mntl-block" id="article-sources__disclaimer_1-0">Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our <a class="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy" id="article-sources__disclaimer-text-link_1-0" rel="nocaes"><span class="link__wrapper">editorial policy.</span></a></div> <div class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1 mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true" id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources-1_1-0"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Savings/High-Yield-Savings" rel="nofollow sponsored">High Yield Savings Account</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-3"><p>Axos Banking. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Direct-Deposit-Express" rel="nofollow sponsored">Axos Bank Direct Deposit Express</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-4"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/Rewards-Checking" rel="nofollow sponsored">Rewards Checking Account</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-5"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/Cashback-Checking" rel="nofollow sponsored">CashBack Checking Account</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-6"><p>Axos Banking. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/First-Checking" rel="nofollow sponsored">Teen Checking Account</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-7"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/Golden-Checking" rel="nofollow sponsored">Golden Checking</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-8"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Savings/High-Yield-Money-Market" rel="nofollow sponsored">High Yield Money Market Account</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-9"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/CDs" rel="nofollow sponsored">Certificate of Deposit</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-11"><p>FDIC. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.fdic.gov/resources/deposit-insurance/">Deposit Insurance</a>."</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-10"><p>Axos Bank. "<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.axosbank.com/Legal/FDIC-Notice" rel="nofollow sponsored">FDIC Notice</a>."</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp prm-recirc related-recirc-section--articles mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true" id="prm-recirc_1-0"><section class="comp related-articles" data-tracking-container="true" id="related-articles_1-0"> <span class="related-articles__header type--camel"> Related Articles </span> <div class="loc recirc-content"><div class="comp related-articles__card-list-1 card-list--related-articles mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36" id="related-articles__card-list-1_1-0"><a class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card related-articles__link card" data-cta="Read Now ▸" data-doc-id="8644041" data-ordinal="1" data-tax-levels="" href="https://www.investopedia.com/regions-bank-review-8644041" id="mntl-card-list-items_1-0"> 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![Axos Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/FjXthq5apRSV-I1C9PkxdkaOSaE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png) ![Axos Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/FjXthq5apRSV-I1C9PkxdkaOSaE=/fit-in/1500x1000/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png) Axos Bank [Open Account](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=898668.18&type=3) Axos Bank is one of the oldest online-only banks around. Formed in 2000, it continues to grow, offering full-service banking for individuals and businesses. This in-depth review of one of the online banking industry leaders will give you insight into the accounts and services available through Axos Bank and whether it’s the right bank for you. * Pros & Cons * Company Overview Pros & Cons Pros * Full-Service Banking * ATM Fee Reimbursements * Fewer Monthly Fees Cons * No Physical Branches * Average CD Rates * Lower Savings Rates Company Overview * Year Founded 2000 * Official Website www.axosbank.com * Official Products Offered Savings, checking, CDs, MMA * Customer Service 24/7 Phone: 1-888-502-2967. Account access online or via app 24/7. ![Axos Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/UqKW43EG45bxL0nJ7Rfe2BLLUyg=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png) ![Axos Bank](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/UqKW43EG45bxL0nJ7Rfe2BLLUyg=/fit-in/1500x750/filters:format(png):fill(white):max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/axos-bank-862d8977d2df497884f05c147bf84437.png) Axos Bank [Open Account](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=898668.18&type=3) Table of Contents View All Axos Bank Review * [Pros Explained](#toc-pros-explained) * [Cons Explained](#toc-cons-explained) * [Best for](#toc-who-is-axos-bank-best-for) * [Bank Offerings](#toc-what-does-axos-bank-offer) * [Other Products](#toc-other-financial-products-offered-by-axos-bank) * [Customer Service](#toc-axos-bank-customer-service) * [How to Bank](#toc-how-to-bank-with-axos-bank) * [Methodology](#toc-methodology) ## Pros Explained * **Full-Service Banking**: Axos Bank is a full-service online bank with checking, savings, and [money market accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarketaccount.asp), as well as [certificates of deposit](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/certificateofdeposit.asp) (CDs), loans, and investment options. * **ATM Fee Reimbursements**: As it doesn’t have its own ATM network, Axos customers get unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursements with Rewards, Cashback, and Essential checking accounts. Golden checking accounts receive up to $8 fee reimbursement per month. * **Fewer Monthly Fees**:There are no monthly fees with Axos savings and checking accounts. Only Essential, Rewards, First, and Golden checking accounts have no overdraft fees for non-sufficient funds. ## Cons Explained * **No Physical Branches**: Axos Bank operates entirely online. Customers receive ATM fee reimbursement, but Axos is the wrong choice if you’re looking for in-person help from a bank teller. * **Average CD Rates**: Axos Bank’s CD rates are average at best. Its rates are just above the national average for shorter terms but below the average for terms longer than 36 months. Axos CD rates are well below what you find with other online banks. * **Lower Savings Rates**: While Axos Bank’s rate for its high-yield savings account is above the national average, it’s well below what other online banks offer. ## Who Is Axos Bank Best for? Axos Bank should appeal to consumers looking for a full-service online bank. It may be a good fit for customers who want to: * Earn interest or rewards with a checking account * Open a checking or savings account with no monthly maintenance fees * Earn a competitive rate on savings * Do the majority of their banking online * Open an online checking account for a child * Get unlimited reimbursement for ATM fees ## What Does Axos Bank Offer? Despite being strictly an online bank, Axos Bank offers a host of bank account options and services.  * Savings Account * Checking Accounts * Money Market Account * CDs Learn more about each type of account Axos Bank offers below. ### Savings Account Axos Bank’s **High-Yield Savings** earns considerably more interest than you’ll find at your local bank, but it’s still not as much as some of the [best high-yield savings accounts](https://www.investopedia.com/personal-finance/banks-pay-highest-interest-rates-savings-accounts/). It requires an initial minimum deposit of $100 to open an account, but there are no monthly minimum balance requirements after that. Other features of Axos’ savings account include: * A 0.61% [annual percentage yield](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/apy.asp) (APY) on balances below $25,000. * No monthly maintenance fees * A free ATM card upon request Axos Bank’s savings account allows six transactions per monthly billing statement, excluding withdrawals and transfers made by mail or ATM.  ### Checking Accounts **Essential Checking** is Axos Bank’s standard checking account. It doesn’t earn interest or rewards. It does offer perks such as Direct Deposit Express, which allows you to get paid up to two days early. This checking account comes with unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursements, and there are no monthly minimum balance requirements. With Axos Bank’s Essential Checking account, you will never pay:  * Overdraft fees * Non-sufficient funds fees * Monthly maintenance fees Axos Bank’s **Rewards Checking** is a [tiered interest rate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tiered-rate-account.asp) account that earns up to 3.30% APY. It has no fees or minimum balance requirements, and it’s easy to open, with only a $50 minimum deposit required. It has three requirements to get to the highest APY: * Monthly direct deposits of $1,500 or more will earn 0.40% * Using your debit card for at least ten transactions of at least $3 per month or signing up for Personal Finance Manager will earn 0.3% * Having a Managed Portfolio Account with an average daily balance of $2,500 or more will earn 1.00% * Having a Self Directed Trading Account with an average daily balance of $2,500 or more will earn 1.00% * Using your Rewards Checking Account to make a full monthly payment on an Axos consumer loan will earn 0.60% Typically, cashback rewards are reserved for credit cards, but **CashBack Checking** from Axos Bank is the exception. Customers earn up to 1% cash back on all signature-based purchases. Other features of CashBack Checking accounts include:  * Unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursement * Unlimited check writing privileges * No monthly maintenance fees * Mobile banking access Do you want to teach your children responsible money management skills? You can do just that with a **First Checking** account from Axos Bank. It’s a joint bank account for children ages 13 to 17 that features:  * An 0.10% APY * Up to $12 domestic ATM fee reimbursement monthly * No overdraft fees * No non-sufficient funds fees * No monthly maintenance fees **Golden Checking** is designed with individuals 55 years old and older in mind. With only a $50 initial deposit required, this interest-bearing checking account has a lot to offer, including: * Up to 0.10% APY * Monthly domestic ATM fee reimbursement of $8 * Free personal checks * No monthly maintenance fees ### Money Market Account The **High-Yield Money Market** accounts from Axos Bank combine high-yield interest-earning with the conveniences of a checking account. An account comes with check writing privileges and a debit card. It earns 0.25% APY regardless of the balance amount.  There is a $1,000 minimum balance required to open a money market account, but there are no monthly balance requirements after that. It doesn’t have monthly maintenance fees either. High-yield money market accounts have access to mobile banking through the Axos mobile app, including mobile check deposits. ### CDs If you’re looking to boost savings, consider CDs from Axos Bank. CDs allow customers to earn predictable returns on their money over an extended time. Interest earned on Axos’ CDs is much less than what you’ll find with many other online banks. Opening an Axos CD account does require a $1,000 minimum deposit. CD terms range from three months to five years, depending on your needs. Axos Bank CDs come with:  * Up to 0.20% APY * No setup fees * No maintenance fees * An auto-renewal option * Free electronic interest transfers Notably, like most banks, Axos Bank charges early withdrawal penalties to customers who withdraw funds, other than earned interest, before CD maturity. Penalties are based on CD term lengths.  Here are Axos Bank’s CD terms and rates. | Axos CD Terms and Rates | | | --- | --- | | Terms | Rates | | Three Months | 0.20% | | Six Months | 0.20% | | One Year | 0.20% | | Two Years | 0.20% | | Three Years | 0.20% | | Four Years | 0.20% | | Five Years | 0.20% | ## Other Financial Products Offered by Axos Bank Beyond traditional personal banking solutions, Axos Bank has a wide range of other offerings: * Auto Loans * Personal Loans * Purchase Mortgages * Refinance Mortgages * [Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage/heloc/) * Federal Housing Authority (FHA) Loans * U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Loans * Automated Investing Options * Business and Commercial Banking and Lending Solutions ## Axos Bank Customer Service Axos Bank takes customer service seriously, with access 24/7 for its customers. Personal banking support is available by: * Phone (1-888-502-2967) * Secure Message (through an online account) * Mail * Mobile App For convenience, the Axos Bank mobile app comes with helpful features such as account access, fund transfers, online bill payment, and mobile check deposits. The mobile app is available on iOS and Android. Axos Bank’s website features customer support options, including FAQs, calculators, helpful articles, and other tools. Axos Bank accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000 per person. ## How to Bank With Axos Bank You can open an Axos Bank account through its website. You’ll need the following personal information available when opening an account: * Valid Drivers License or State ID * Social Security Number * Valid U.S. Mailing Address (no post office boxes) Applicants must be U.S citizens or resident aliens at least 18 years of age. For First Checking accounts, children must have a parent or guardian who is at least 18 years old as a joint owner on the account. Verdict Axos Bank provides a way [to move most of your banking online](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/11/benefits-and-drawbacks-of-internet-banks.asp). There’s a lot to like about this online bank, with options for checking, savings, CDs, investing, and more. Multiple checking account options give customers the flexibility to earn interest or cash back. Axos Bank’s Rewards Checking account doesn’t have the highest APY among online banks, but it’s enough to make opening an account worthwhile as part of an overall online banking plan, and there are almost no fees charged. Having no physical locations may be a turnoff for some customers, and those looking for competitive CD rates should turn elsewhere. ## Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing consumers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of banks. We collected over 20 data points across more than 80 banks, including products available, interest rates, fees, and accessibility, to ensure that our content helps users make the right decision for their savings and banking needs. [Open Account](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=898668.18&type=3) Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our [editorial policy.](https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893#EditorialPolicy) 1. Axos Bank. "[High Yield Savings Account](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Savings/High-Yield-Savings)." 2. Axos Banking. "[Axos Bank Direct Deposit Express](https://www.axosbank.com/Direct-Deposit-Express)." 3. Axos Bank. "[Rewards Checking Account](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/Rewards-Checking)." 4. Axos Bank. "[CashBack Checking Account](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/Cashback-Checking)." 5. Axos Banking. "[Teen Checking Account](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/First-Checking)." 6. Axos Bank. "[Golden Checking](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Checking/Golden-Checking)." 7. Axos Bank. "[High Yield Money Market Account](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/Savings/High-Yield-Money-Market)." 8. Axos Bank. "[Certificate of Deposit](https://www.axosbank.com/Personal/CDs)." 9. FDIC. "[Deposit Insurance](https://www.fdic.gov/resources/deposit-insurance/)." 10. Axos Bank. "[FDIC Notice](https://www.axosbank.com/Legal/FDIC-Notice)." 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Axos Bank Open Account Axos Bank is one of the oldest online-only banks around. Formed in 2000, it continues to grow, offering full-service banking for individuals and businesses. This in-depth review of one of the online banking industry leaders will give you insight into the accounts and services available through Axos Bank and whether it’s the right bank for you. Pros & Cons Company Overview Pros & Cons Pros Full-Service Banking ATM Fee Reimbursements Fewer Monthly Fees Cons No Physical Branches Average CD Rates Lower Savings Rates Company Overview Year Founded 2000 Official Website www.axosbank.com Official Products Offered Savings, checking, CDs, MMA Customer Service 24/7 Phone: 1-888-502-2967. Account access online or via app 24/7. Axos Bank Open Account Table of Contents View All Axos Bank Review Pros Explained Cons Explained Best for Bank Offerings Other Products Customer Service How to Bank Methodology Pros Explained Full-Service Banking: Axos Bank is a full-service online bank with checking, savings, and money market accounts, as well as certificates of deposit (CDs), loans, and investment options.  ATM Fee Reimbursements: As it doesn’t have its own ATM network, Axos customers get unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursements with Rewards, Cashback, and Essential checking accounts. Golden checking accounts receive up to $8 fee reimbursement per month. Fewer Monthly Fees: There are no monthly fees with Axos savings and checking accounts. Only Essential, Rewards, First, and Golden checking accounts have no overdraft fees for non-sufficient funds. Cons Explained No Physical Branches: Axos Bank operates entirely online. Customers receive ATM fee reimbursement, but Axos is the wrong choice if you’re looking for in-person help from a bank teller. Average CD Rates: Axos Bank’s CD rates are average at best. Its rates are just above the national average for shorter terms but below the average for terms longer than 36 months. Axos CD rates are well below what you find with other online banks.  Lower Savings Rates: While Axos Bank’s rate for its high-yield savings account is above the national average, it’s well below what other online banks offer. Who Is Axos Bank Best for? Axos Bank should appeal to consumers looking for a full-service online bank. It may be a good fit for customers who want to: Earn interest or rewards with a checking accountOpen a checking or savings account with no monthly maintenance fees Earn a competitive rate on savingsDo the majority of their banking onlineOpen an online checking account for a childGet unlimited reimbursement for ATM fees What Does Axos Bank Offer? Despite being strictly an online bank, Axos Bank offers a host of bank account options and services.  Savings AccountChecking AccountsMoney Market AccountCDs Learn more about each type of account Axos Bank offers below. Savings Account Axos Bank’s High-Yield Savings earns considerably more interest than you’ll find at your local bank, but it’s still not as much as some of the best high-yield savings accounts. It requires an initial minimum deposit of $100 to open an account, but there are no monthly minimum balance requirements after that. Other features of Axos’ savings account include: A 0.61% annual percentage yield (APY) on balances below $25,000. No monthly maintenance fees  A free ATM card upon request Axos Bank’s savings account allows six transactions per monthly billing statement, excluding withdrawals and transfers made by mail or ATM.  Checking Accounts Essential Checking is Axos Bank’s standard checking account. It doesn’t earn interest or rewards. It does offer perks such as Direct Deposit Express, which allows you to get paid up to two days early. This checking account comes with unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursements, and there are no monthly minimum balance requirements. With Axos Bank’s Essential Checking account, you will never pay:  Overdraft feesNon-sufficient funds feesMonthly maintenance fees Axos Bank’s Rewards Checking is a tiered interest rate account that earns up to 3.30% APY. It has no fees or minimum balance requirements, and it’s easy to open, with only a $50 minimum deposit required. It has three requirements to get to the highest APY: Monthly direct deposits of $1,500 or more will earn 0.40%Using your debit card for at least ten transactions of at least $3 per month or signing up for Personal Finance Manager will earn 0.3%Having a Managed Portfolio Account with an average daily balance of $2,500 or more will earn 1.00%Having a Self Directed Trading Account with an average daily balance of $2,500 or more will earn 1.00%Using your Rewards Checking Account to make a full monthly payment on an Axos consumer loan will earn 0.60% Typically, cashback rewards are reserved for credit cards, but CashBack Checking from Axos Bank is the exception. Customers earn up to 1% cash back on all signature-based purchases. Other features of CashBack Checking accounts include:  Unlimited domestic ATM fee reimbursementUnlimited check writing privilegesNo monthly maintenance feesMobile banking access Do you want to teach your children responsible money management skills? You can do just that with a First Checking account from Axos Bank. It’s a joint bank account for children ages 13 to 17 that features:  An 0.10% APYUp to $12 domestic ATM fee reimbursement monthlyNo overdraft feesNo non-sufficient funds feesNo monthly maintenance fees Golden Checking is designed with individuals 55 years old and older in mind. With only a $50 initial deposit required, this interest-bearing checking account has a lot to offer, including: Up to 0.10% APYMonthly domestic ATM fee reimbursement of $8Free personal checksNo monthly maintenance fees Money Market Account The High-Yield Money Market accounts from Axos Bank combine high-yield interest-earning with the conveniences of a checking account. An account comes with check writing privileges and a debit card. It earns 0.25% APY regardless of the balance amount.  There is a $1,000 minimum balance required to open a money market account, but there are no monthly balance requirements after that. It doesn’t have monthly maintenance fees either. High-yield money market accounts have access to mobile banking through the Axos mobile app, including mobile check deposits. CDs If you’re looking to boost savings, consider CDs from Axos Bank. CDs allow customers to earn predictable returns on their money over an extended time. Interest earned on Axos’ CDs is much less than what you’ll find with many other online banks. Opening an Axos CD account does require a $1,000 minimum deposit. CD terms range from three months to five years, depending on your needs. Axos Bank CDs come with:  Up to 0.20% APYNo setup feesNo maintenance feesAn auto-renewal optionFree electronic interest transfers Notably, like most banks, Axos Bank charges early withdrawal penalties to customers who withdraw funds, other than earned interest, before CD maturity. Penalties are based on CD term lengths.  Here are Axos Bank’s CD terms and rates. Axos CD Terms and Rates Terms Rates Three Months 0.20% Six Months 0.20% One Year 0.20% Two Years 0.20% Three Years 0.20% Four Years 0.20% Five Years 0.20% Other Financial Products Offered by Axos Bank Beyond traditional personal banking solutions, Axos Bank has a wide range of other offerings: Auto Loans Personal Loans Purchase Mortgages Refinance Mortgages Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit Federal Housing Authority (FHA) Loans U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Loans Automated Investing Options Business and Commercial Banking and Lending Solutions Axos Bank Customer Service Axos Bank takes customer service seriously, with access 24/7 for its customers. Personal banking support is available by: Phone (1-888-502-2967)Secure Message (through an online account) MailMobile App For convenience, the Axos Bank mobile app comes with helpful features such as account access, fund transfers, online bill payment, and mobile check deposits. The mobile app is available on iOS and Android. Axos Bank’s website features customer support options, including FAQs, calculators, helpful articles, and other tools. Axos Bank accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000 per person. How to Bank With Axos Bank You can open an Axos Bank account through its website. You’ll need the following personal information available when opening an account: Valid Drivers License or State IDSocial Security NumberValid U.S. Mailing Address (no post office boxes) Applicants must be U.S citizens or resident aliens at least 18 years of age. For First Checking accounts, children must have a parent or guardian who is at least 18 years old as a joint owner on the account. Verdict Axos Bank provides a way to move most of your banking online. There’s a lot to like about this online bank, with options for checking, savings, CDs, investing, and more. Multiple checking account options give customers the flexibility to earn interest or cash back. Axos Bank’s Rewards Checking account doesn’t have the highest APY among online banks, but it’s enough to make opening an account worthwhile as part of an overall online banking plan, and there are almost no fees charged. Having no physical locations may be a turnoff for some customers, and those looking for competitive CD rates should turn elsewhere. Methodology Investopedia is dedicated to providing consumers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of banks. We collected over 20 data points across more than 80 banks, including products available, interest rates, fees, and accessibility, to ensure that our content helps users make the right decision for their savings and banking needs. Open Account Article Sources Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Axos Bank. "High Yield Savings Account." Axos Banking. "Axos Bank Direct Deposit Express." Axos Bank. "Rewards Checking Account." Axos Bank. "CashBack Checking Account." Axos Banking. "Teen Checking Account." Axos Bank. "Golden Checking." Axos Bank. "High Yield Money Market Account." Axos Bank. "Certificate of Deposit." FDIC. "Deposit Insurance." Axos Bank. "FDIC Notice." Related Articles Regions Bank Review 2024 Best Free Checking Accounts LendingClub Banking Review The 6 Best Online Banks for May 2024 M&T Bank Review 2024 Best Checking Accounts With No ATM Fees
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spotmonth.asp
Spot Delivery Month: What It is, How It Works, Example
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-spot-delivery-month"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is the Spot Delivery Month? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> In the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/commodities-trading-overview/" rel="noopener noreferrer">commodities futures markets</a>, the spot delivery month is the earliest possible month in which the commodity underlying the futures contract will be deliverable. It is also known as the nearby month or front month. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> The opposite of the spot delivery month is the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backmonths.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">back month</a>, which refers to the latest month in which the commodity can be delivered based on current trading. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>The spot delivery month is the next earliest month in which a commodity futures contract is eligible for delivery.</li><li>It is generally the most actively traded month for any given futures contract.</li><li>Commodities regulators pay close attention to trading during spot delivery months, in order to avoid excessive speculation or price distortions.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-spot-delivery-month"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the Spot Delivery Month </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> The commodities futures market is a large and important part of the modern financial markets. Through this marketplace, commercial customers who rely on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">commodities</a> in their operations can efficiently source supplies and plan ahead for future months of production. At the same time, financial buyers can use the commodities futures market to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculation.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">speculate</a> on commodity prices or to engage in other activities such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">risk hedging</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> When a trader buys a commodities <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futures.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">futures contract</a>, they are taking on the obligation to receive a specific amount of the commodity in that contract’s delivery month. Likewise, the seller of the contract takes on the obligation to physically deliver that commodity. As the delivery date nears, futures traders who do not actually want to receive or physically deliver the commodity can unwind their position by buying or selling offsetting positions. If they do not do so in time, they may be required to make or take delivery of the commodity. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> The spot delivery month is the most important month in any commodity futures market because it is used to determine the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spot_rate.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">spot price</a> of that commodity. Since the spot delivery month is the one closest to the present, it is the most recent month from the perspective of buyers and sellers who wish to unwind their positions in order to avoid making or taking physical delivery. For that reason, commodities exchange regulators such as the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cftc.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)</a> pay close attention to the trading activity in the spot delivery month, restricting trades to prevent excessive speculation or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketdistortion.asp" rel="noopener noreferrer">price distortions</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-real-world-example-of-a-spot-delivery-month"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Real World Example of a Spot Delivery Month </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> To illustrate, consider the case of orange juice futures contracts. The delivery months for these contracts are in February, March, May, July, September, and November. By contrast, futures contracts for heating oil can be written to expire in any month of the year.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Therefore, in the case of a trader who purchases an orange juice futures contract in January, the spot delivery month would be February. In the case of heating oil futures, a trader who purchased their contract after the delivery date in November would have December as their spot delivery month. </p></div>
## What Is the Spot Delivery Month? In the [commodities futures markets](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/commodities-trading-overview/), the spot delivery month is the earliest possible month in which the commodity underlying the futures contract will be deliverable. It is also known as the nearby month or front month. The opposite of the spot delivery month is the [back month](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backmonths.asp), which refers to the latest month in which the commodity can be delivered based on current trading. ### Key Takeaways * The spot delivery month is the next earliest month in which a commodity futures contract is eligible for delivery. * It is generally the most actively traded month for any given futures contract. * Commodities regulators pay close attention to trading during spot delivery months, in order to avoid excessive speculation or price distortions. ## Understanding the Spot Delivery Month The commodities futures market is a large and important part of the modern financial markets. Through this marketplace, commercial customers who rely on [commodities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commodity.asp) in their operations can efficiently source supplies and plan ahead for future months of production. At the same time, financial buyers can use the commodities futures market to [speculate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/speculation.asp) on commodity prices or to engage in other activities such as [risk hedging](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp). When a trader buys a commodities [futures contract](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futures.asp), they are taking on the obligation to receive a specific amount of the commodity in that contract’s delivery month. Likewise, the seller of the contract takes on the obligation to physically deliver that commodity. As the delivery date nears, futures traders who do not actually want to receive or physically deliver the commodity can unwind their position by buying or selling offsetting positions. If they do not do so in time, they may be required to make or take delivery of the commodity. The spot delivery month is the most important month in any commodity futures market because it is used to determine the [spot price](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/spot_rate.asp) of that commodity. Since the spot delivery month is the one closest to the present, it is the most recent month from the perspective of buyers and sellers who wish to unwind their positions in order to avoid making or taking physical delivery. For that reason, commodities exchange regulators such as the [Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cftc.asp) pay close attention to the trading activity in the spot delivery month, restricting trades to prevent excessive speculation or [price distortions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketdistortion.asp). ## Real World Example of a Spot Delivery Month To illustrate, consider the case of orange juice futures contracts. The delivery months for these contracts are in February, March, May, July, September, and November. By contrast, futures contracts for heating oil can be written to expire in any month of the year.  Therefore, in the case of a trader who purchases an orange juice futures contract in January, the spot delivery month would be February. In the case of heating oil futures, a trader who purchased their contract after the delivery date in November would have December as their spot delivery month.
What Is the Spot Delivery Month? In the commodities futures markets, the spot delivery month is the earliest possible month in which the commodity underlying the futures contract will be deliverable. It is also known as the nearby month or front month. The opposite of the spot delivery month is the back month, which refers to the latest month in which the commodity can be delivered based on current trading. Key Takeaways The spot delivery month is the next earliest month in which a commodity futures contract is eligible for delivery.It is generally the most actively traded month for any given futures contract.Commodities regulators pay close attention to trading during spot delivery months, in order to avoid excessive speculation or price distortions. Understanding the Spot Delivery Month The commodities futures market is a large and important part of the modern financial markets. Through this marketplace, commercial customers who rely on commodities in their operations can efficiently source supplies and plan ahead for future months of production. At the same time, financial buyers can use the commodities futures market to speculate on commodity prices or to engage in other activities such as risk hedging. When a trader buys a commodities futures contract, they are taking on the obligation to receive a specific amount of the commodity in that contract’s delivery month. Likewise, the seller of the contract takes on the obligation to physically deliver that commodity. As the delivery date nears, futures traders who do not actually want to receive or physically deliver the commodity can unwind their position by buying or selling offsetting positions. If they do not do so in time, they may be required to make or take delivery of the commodity. The spot delivery month is the most important month in any commodity futures market because it is used to determine the spot price of that commodity. Since the spot delivery month is the one closest to the present, it is the most recent month from the perspective of buyers and sellers who wish to unwind their positions in order to avoid making or taking physical delivery. For that reason, commodities exchange regulators such as the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) pay close attention to the trading activity in the spot delivery month, restricting trades to prevent excessive speculation or price distortions. Real World Example of a Spot Delivery Month To illustrate, consider the case of orange juice futures contracts. The delivery months for these contracts are in February, March, May, July, September, and November. By contrast, futures contracts for heating oil can be written to expire in any month of the year.  Therefore, in the case of a trader who purchases an orange juice futures contract in January, the spot delivery month would be February. In the case of heating oil futures, a trader who purchased their contract after the delivery date in November would have December as their spot delivery month.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/catastrophebond.asp
Catastrophe Bond (CAT) Meaning, Benefits, Risk, Example
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-catastrophe-bond-cat"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Catastrophe Bond (CAT)? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A catastrophe bond (CAT) is a high-yield <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtinstrument.asp">debt instrument</a> that is designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry in the event of a natural disaster. A CAT <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bond.asp">bond</a> allows the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/issuer.asp">issuer</a> to receive funding from the bond only if specific conditions, such as an earthquake or tornado, occur. If an event protected by the bond activates a payout to the insurance company, the obligation to pay interest and repay the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> CAT bonds have short <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/maturitydate.asp">maturity dates</a> of between three-to-five years. The primary investors in these securities are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp">hedge funds</a>, pension funds, and other institutional investors. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-catastrophe-bonds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Catastrophe Bonds </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Catastrophe bonds are used by property and casualty insurers as well as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reinsurance.asp">reinsurance</a> companies to transfer risk to investors. First marketed in the 1990s, these bonds offer insurance and reinsurance companies another way of offsetting the risk associated with underwriting policies. Institutional investors can receive a higher interest rate from CAT bonds than from most other <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp">fixed-income securities</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> CAT bonds are a type of insurance-linked security (ILS)—an umbrella term for financial securities that are linked to pre-specified events or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/insurance/082616/elements-insurable-risks-quick-guide.asp">insurance-related risks</a>. CAT bonds are paid to insurance companies only if a catastrophe—that is protected by the bond—occurs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>A catastrophe bond (CAT) is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/high_yield_bond.asp">high-yield</a> debt instrument designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry in the event of a natural disaster.</li> <li>A CAT bond allows the issuer to receive payment only if specific events—such as an earthquake or tornado—occur.</li> <li>Investors can receive an interest rate over the life of the bond that is greater than that of most fixed-income securities.</li> <li>If the special event does occur, sparking a payout, the obligation to pay interest and return the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven.</li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-cat-bond-payouts-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How CAT Bond Payouts Work </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> When CAT bonds are issued, the proceeds raised from investors go into a secure <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp">collateral </a>account, where they may be invested in various other low-risk securities. Interest payments to investors come from the secure collateral account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> A CAT bond might be structured so that the payout occurs only if the total natural disaster costs exceed a specific dollar amount over the specified coverage period. Bonds also can be pegged to the strength of a storm or earthquake, or to the number of events, such as more than five named hurricanes striking Texas. A series of natural disasters would trigger a payout to the insurance company, which funds also would come from the secure collateral account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Investors would lose their <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp">principal</a> if the costs of the covered natural disasters exceed the total dollar amount raised from the bond issuance. However, if the costs to cover the disaster do not exceed the specified amount during the bond's lifetime, investors would get their principal returned at the bond's maturity. The investor also would benefit from receiving the regular interest payments in return for holding the bond. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-benefits-and-risks-of-cat-bonds"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Benefits and Risks of CAT Bonds </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Potential Benefits </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp">interest rates</a> paid by CAT bonds are not usually linked to the financial markets or economic conditions. In this way, CAT bonds offer investors stable interest payments even when interest rates are low and traditional bonds are offering lower yields. Further, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/institutionalinvestor.asp">institutional investors</a> may use CAT bonds to help <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp">diversify</a> a portfolio to protect against economic and market risk. The reason for this potentially reduced risk is that these investments do not necessarily correlate to economic performance or stock market moves. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> CAT bonds offer a competitive yield compared to other fixed-income bonds and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp">dividend</a>-paying stocks. Investors in CAT bonds receive fixed interest payments over the life of the bond. Also, because these bonds' maturities are typically short-term, there is less probability that an event triggering payout would occur. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> CAT bonds benefit the insurance industry because the capital raised lowers their out-of-pocket costs for natural disaster coverage. CAT bonds also provide insurance companies with cash when they need it the most, which could prevent them from needing to file for bankruptcy because of a natural disaster. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Potential Risks </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Although CAT bonds can reduce risk to insurance companies, the risk is borne by the buyers of the securities. The risk of losing the principal amount invested is mitigated somewhat by the short maturity of the bonds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> According to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-global-catastrophes">Insurance Information Institute</a>, in 2019 overall losses from world-wide natural catastrophes totaled $150 billion dollars, which was roughly in line with the inflation-adjusted average of the past-30 years, and down from $186 billion in 2018. In 2019, 820 events caused losses, compared with 850 events in 2018. Insured losses from the 2019 events totaled $52 billion, down from $86 billion in 2018. So, although overall losses were down in 2019 versus 2018, the costs from damages can run into the billions of dollars, and investors holding CAT bonds are at risk of losing all or part of their investment. Investors need to weigh the risks versus the returns of the attractive yields offered by CAT bonds. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> CAT bonds can offer diversification from economic and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketrisk.asp">market risk</a> because natural disasters don't usually correlate with economic events and stock market movements. However, there could be exceptions if a natural disaster were to cause a recession and subsequently a stock market decline. Investors holding CAT bonds would be at risk of losing their principal if the disastrous event spurred a payment to the insurance company. However, if the catastrophic event occurred during a recession, the consequences could be compounded if some of the investors also lost their sources of income (jobs) concurrent with losing their investment in the CAT bond. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>CAT bonds can offer investors stable, high-yield interest payments over the life of the bond.</p></li> <li><p>CAT bonds can help to hedge a portfolio against certain types of risk, as natural disasters don't correlate to stock market moves.</p></li> <li><p>CAT bonds have short maturities of one-to-five years, which reduces the likelihood of a payout to the insurance company, including loss of principal.</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>CAT bonds can risk of losing the principal amount invested if payment to the insurance company occurs.</p></li> <li><p>Natural disasters can occur during stock market declines and recessions, which in turn could negate the diversification benefit of CAT bonds.</p></li> <li><p>The short-term maturities of CAT bonds might not lessen the probability of a triggering event if the frequency and costs of natural disasters increases.</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-example-of-a-catastrophe-bond"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Example of a Catastrophe Bond </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> Let's say that State Farm Insurance, one of the largest <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutual-insurance-company.asp">mutual insurance companies</a> in the United States, issues a CAT bond. The bond has a $1,000 <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/facevalue.asp">face value</a>, matures in two years, and pays an annual interest rate of 6.5%. An investor who buys the CAT bond will receive $65 each year and the principal will be returned at maturity. Issuance of the CAT bond raised $100 million in proceeds, which was placed in a special account. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"> <li>The bond is structured so that a payout to State Farm occurs only if the total natural disaster costs exceed $300 million for the two years. Any remaining funds would be returned to investors at the bond's maturity.</li><li>During the course of the second year, a series of natural disasters occur for a total cost of $550 million. This activates the payout to State Farm, and $100 million is transferred to the insurance company from the special account.</li><li>Investors who held a $1,000 CAT bond earned $65 in interest in year one then lost their principal in year two. State Farm reduced their cost for the natural disasters from $550 million to $450 million by issuing the CAT bond.</li> </ul></div>
## What Is a Catastrophe Bond (CAT)? A catastrophe bond (CAT) is a high-yield [debt instrument](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtinstrument.asp) that is designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry in the event of a natural disaster. A CAT [bond](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bond.asp) allows the [issuer](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/issuer.asp) to receive funding from the bond only if specific conditions, such as an earthquake or tornado, occur. If an event protected by the bond activates a payout to the insurance company, the obligation to pay interest and repay the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven. CAT bonds have short [maturity dates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/maturitydate.asp) of between three-to-five years. The primary investors in these securities are [hedge funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedgefund.asp), pension funds, and other institutional investors. ## Understanding Catastrophe Bonds Catastrophe bonds are used by property and casualty insurers as well as [reinsurance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reinsurance.asp) companies to transfer risk to investors. First marketed in the 1990s, these bonds offer insurance and reinsurance companies another way of offsetting the risk associated with underwriting policies. Institutional investors can receive a higher interest rate from CAT bonds than from most other [fixed-income securities](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-incomesecurity.asp). CAT bonds are a type of insurance-linked security (ILS)—an umbrella term for financial securities that are linked to pre-specified events or [insurance-related risks](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/insurance/082616/elements-insurable-risks-quick-guide.asp). CAT bonds are paid to insurance companies only if a catastrophe—that is protected by the bond—occurs. ### Key Takeaways * A catastrophe bond (CAT) is a [high-yield](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/high_yield_bond.asp) debt instrument designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry in the event of a natural disaster. * A CAT bond allows the issuer to receive payment only if specific events—such as an earthquake or tornado—occur. * Investors can receive an interest rate over the life of the bond that is greater than that of most fixed-income securities. * If the special event does occur, sparking a payout, the obligation to pay interest and return the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven. ## How CAT Bond Payouts Work When CAT bonds are issued, the proceeds raised from investors go into a secure [collateral](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp) account, where they may be invested in various other low-risk securities. Interest payments to investors come from the secure collateral account. A CAT bond might be structured so that the payout occurs only if the total natural disaster costs exceed a specific dollar amount over the specified coverage period. Bonds also can be pegged to the strength of a storm or earthquake, or to the number of events, such as more than five named hurricanes striking Texas. A series of natural disasters would trigger a payout to the insurance company, which funds also would come from the secure collateral account. Investors would lose their [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp) if the costs of the covered natural disasters exceed the total dollar amount raised from the bond issuance. However, if the costs to cover the disaster do not exceed the specified amount during the bond's lifetime, investors would get their principal returned at the bond's maturity. The investor also would benefit from receiving the regular interest payments in return for holding the bond. ## The Benefits and Risks of CAT Bonds ### Potential Benefits The [interest rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp) paid by CAT bonds are not usually linked to the financial markets or economic conditions. In this way, CAT bonds offer investors stable interest payments even when interest rates are low and traditional bonds are offering lower yields. Further, [institutional investors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/institutionalinvestor.asp) may use CAT bonds to help [diversify](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diversification.asp) a portfolio to protect against economic and market risk. The reason for this potentially reduced risk is that these investments do not necessarily correlate to economic performance or stock market moves. CAT bonds offer a competitive yield compared to other fixed-income bonds and [dividend](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp)-paying stocks. Investors in CAT bonds receive fixed interest payments over the life of the bond. Also, because these bonds' maturities are typically short-term, there is less probability that an event triggering payout would occur. CAT bonds benefit the insurance industry because the capital raised lowers their out-of-pocket costs for natural disaster coverage. CAT bonds also provide insurance companies with cash when they need it the most, which could prevent them from needing to file for bankruptcy because of a natural disaster. ### Potential Risks Although CAT bonds can reduce risk to insurance companies, the risk is borne by the buyers of the securities. The risk of losing the principal amount invested is mitigated somewhat by the short maturity of the bonds. According to the [Insurance Information Institute](https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-global-catastrophes), in 2019 overall losses from world-wide natural catastrophes totaled $150 billion dollars, which was roughly in line with the inflation-adjusted average of the past-30 years, and down from $186 billion in 2018. In 2019, 820 events caused losses, compared with 850 events in 2018. Insured losses from the 2019 events totaled $52 billion, down from $86 billion in 2018. So, although overall losses were down in 2019 versus 2018, the costs from damages can run into the billions of dollars, and investors holding CAT bonds are at risk of losing all or part of their investment. Investors need to weigh the risks versus the returns of the attractive yields offered by CAT bonds. CAT bonds can offer diversification from economic and [market risk](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketrisk.asp) because natural disasters don't usually correlate with economic events and stock market movements. However, there could be exceptions if a natural disaster were to cause a recession and subsequently a stock market decline. Investors holding CAT bonds would be at risk of losing their principal if the disastrous event spurred a payment to the insurance company. However, if the catastrophic event occurred during a recession, the consequences could be compounded if some of the investors also lost their sources of income (jobs) concurrent with losing their investment in the CAT bond. Pros * CAT bonds can offer investors stable, high-yield interest payments over the life of the bond. * CAT bonds can help to hedge a portfolio against certain types of risk, as natural disasters don't correlate to stock market moves. * CAT bonds have short maturities of one-to-five years, which reduces the likelihood of a payout to the insurance company, including loss of principal. Cons * CAT bonds can risk of losing the principal amount invested if payment to the insurance company occurs. * Natural disasters can occur during stock market declines and recessions, which in turn could negate the diversification benefit of CAT bonds. * The short-term maturities of CAT bonds might not lessen the probability of a triggering event if the frequency and costs of natural disasters increases. ## Example of a Catastrophe Bond Let's say that State Farm Insurance, one of the largest [mutual insurance companies](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutual-insurance-company.asp) in the United States, issues a CAT bond. The bond has a $1,000 [face value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/facevalue.asp), matures in two years, and pays an annual interest rate of 6.5%. An investor who buys the CAT bond will receive $65 each year and the principal will be returned at maturity. Issuance of the CAT bond raised $100 million in proceeds, which was placed in a special account. * The bond is structured so that a payout to State Farm occurs only if the total natural disaster costs exceed $300 million for the two years. Any remaining funds would be returned to investors at the bond's maturity. * During the course of the second year, a series of natural disasters occur for a total cost of $550 million. This activates the payout to State Farm, and $100 million is transferred to the insurance company from the special account. * Investors who held a $1,000 CAT bond earned $65 in interest in year one then lost their principal in year two. State Farm reduced their cost for the natural disasters from $550 million to $450 million by issuing the CAT bond.
What Is a Catastrophe Bond (CAT)? A catastrophe bond (CAT) is a high-yield debt instrument that is designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry in the event of a natural disaster. A CAT bond allows the issuer to receive funding from the bond only if specific conditions, such as an earthquake or tornado, occur. If an event protected by the bond activates a payout to the insurance company, the obligation to pay interest and repay the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven. CAT bonds have short maturity dates of between three-to-five years. The primary investors in these securities are hedge funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors. Understanding Catastrophe Bonds Catastrophe bonds are used by property and casualty insurers as well as reinsurance companies to transfer risk to investors. First marketed in the 1990s, these bonds offer insurance and reinsurance companies another way of offsetting the risk associated with underwriting policies. Institutional investors can receive a higher interest rate from CAT bonds than from most other fixed-income securities. CAT bonds are a type of insurance-linked security (ILS)—an umbrella term for financial securities that are linked to pre-specified events or insurance-related risks. CAT bonds are paid to insurance companies only if a catastrophe—that is protected by the bond—occurs. Key Takeaways A catastrophe bond (CAT) is a high-yield debt instrument designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry in the event of a natural disaster. A CAT bond allows the issuer to receive payment only if specific events—such as an earthquake or tornado—occur. Investors can receive an interest rate over the life of the bond that is greater than that of most fixed-income securities. If the special event does occur, sparking a payout, the obligation to pay interest and return the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven. How CAT Bond Payouts Work When CAT bonds are issued, the proceeds raised from investors go into a secure collateral account, where they may be invested in various other low-risk securities. Interest payments to investors come from the secure collateral account. A CAT bond might be structured so that the payout occurs only if the total natural disaster costs exceed a specific dollar amount over the specified coverage period. Bonds also can be pegged to the strength of a storm or earthquake, or to the number of events, such as more than five named hurricanes striking Texas. A series of natural disasters would trigger a payout to the insurance company, which funds also would come from the secure collateral account. Investors would lose their principal if the costs of the covered natural disasters exceed the total dollar amount raised from the bond issuance. However, if the costs to cover the disaster do not exceed the specified amount during the bond's lifetime, investors would get their principal returned at the bond's maturity. The investor also would benefit from receiving the regular interest payments in return for holding the bond. The Benefits and Risks of CAT Bonds Potential Benefits The interest rates paid by CAT bonds are not usually linked to the financial markets or economic conditions. In this way, CAT bonds offer investors stable interest payments even when interest rates are low and traditional bonds are offering lower yields. Further, institutional investors may use CAT bonds to help diversify a portfolio to protect against economic and market risk. The reason for this potentially reduced risk is that these investments do not necessarily correlate to economic performance or stock market moves. CAT bonds offer a competitive yield compared to other fixed-income bonds and dividend-paying stocks. Investors in CAT bonds receive fixed interest payments over the life of the bond. Also, because these bonds' maturities are typically short-term, there is less probability that an event triggering payout would occur. CAT bonds benefit the insurance industry because the capital raised lowers their out-of-pocket costs for natural disaster coverage. CAT bonds also provide insurance companies with cash when they need it the most, which could prevent them from needing to file for bankruptcy because of a natural disaster. Potential Risks Although CAT bonds can reduce risk to insurance companies, the risk is borne by the buyers of the securities. The risk of losing the principal amount invested is mitigated somewhat by the short maturity of the bonds. According to the Insurance Information Institute, in 2019 overall losses from world-wide natural catastrophes totaled $150 billion dollars, which was roughly in line with the inflation-adjusted average of the past-30 years, and down from $186 billion in 2018. In 2019, 820 events caused losses, compared with 850 events in 2018. Insured losses from the 2019 events totaled $52 billion, down from $86 billion in 2018. So, although overall losses were down in 2019 versus 2018, the costs from damages can run into the billions of dollars, and investors holding CAT bonds are at risk of losing all or part of their investment. Investors need to weigh the risks versus the returns of the attractive yields offered by CAT bonds. CAT bonds can offer diversification from economic and market risk because natural disasters don't usually correlate with economic events and stock market movements. However, there could be exceptions if a natural disaster were to cause a recession and subsequently a stock market decline. Investors holding CAT bonds would be at risk of losing their principal if the disastrous event spurred a payment to the insurance company. However, if the catastrophic event occurred during a recession, the consequences could be compounded if some of the investors also lost their sources of income (jobs) concurrent with losing their investment in the CAT bond. Pros CAT bonds can offer investors stable, high-yield interest payments over the life of the bond. CAT bonds can help to hedge a portfolio against certain types of risk, as natural disasters don't correlate to stock market moves. CAT bonds have short maturities of one-to-five years, which reduces the likelihood of a payout to the insurance company, including loss of principal. Cons CAT bonds can risk of losing the principal amount invested if payment to the insurance company occurs. Natural disasters can occur during stock market declines and recessions, which in turn could negate the diversification benefit of CAT bonds. The short-term maturities of CAT bonds might not lessen the probability of a triggering event if the frequency and costs of natural disasters increases. Example of a Catastrophe Bond Let's say that State Farm Insurance, one of the largest mutual insurance companies in the United States, issues a CAT bond. The bond has a $1,000 face value, matures in two years, and pays an annual interest rate of 6.5%. An investor who buys the CAT bond will receive $65 each year and the principal will be returned at maturity. Issuance of the CAT bond raised $100 million in proceeds, which was placed in a special account. The bond is structured so that a payout to State Farm occurs only if the total natural disaster costs exceed $300 million for the two years. Any remaining funds would be returned to investors at the bond's maturity.During the course of the second year, a series of natural disasters occur for a total cost of $550 million. This activates the payout to State Farm, and $100 million is transferred to the insurance company from the special account.Investors who held a $1,000 CAT bond earned $65 in interest in year one then lost their principal in year two. State Farm reduced their cost for the natural disasters from $550 million to $450 million by issuing the CAT bond.
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https://www.investopedia.com/tech/how-do-mining-pools-work/
How Do Cryptocurrency Mining Pools Work?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-mining-pool"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Mining Pool? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A mining pool is a group of miners who work together to solve the cryptographic problems required by certain blockchains which reward the miners with cryptocurrency. Pools were created when cryptocurrency mining reached a difficulty level that only miners with enormous capacity could accomplish. This crowded small miners out of the competitive mining process, forcing them to work together to compete with the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tech/are-large-mining-pools-bad-cryptocurrencies/">large mining firms</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Mining pools combine the efforts of individual or smaller mining groups to make them more competitive with the large mining operations that dominate the network.</li><li>Mining has three purposes: it is the first verification of transactions, opens new blocks on the blockchain, and introduces new cryptocurrency into circulation.</li><li>Mining pools split rewards based on how much work a miner contributes to the pool.</li><li>Pools are essentially the only way to earn Bitcoin due to the centralization of the network's mining capacity.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-the-mining-process"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding the Mining Process </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"> Cryptocurrency mining involves two functions—releasing new cryptocurrency into the system and verifying and adding transactions to the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp">blockchain</a>. It is performed using internet-connected devices and software programs which perform the mining process. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitcoin-mining.asp">Crypto mining</a> is a calculation-intensive, puzzle-solving-like computation process that requires high processing power and electricity consumption. The miner(s) who first solves the puzzle gets to place the next block on the blockchain and claim the rewards. Mining rewards include newly released Bitcoin and fees for the work done. All transaction fees on the Bitcoin blockchain are paid for by the user to whoever solves the problem. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> The cryptocurrency discovery process is configured so that if more miners are working, the difficulty level goes up. A decline in the number of miners eases the difficulty level. The rewards make mining a lucrative activity for monetary gains. As more miners attempt to grab a piece of the pie, finding new blocks becomes computationally more difficult, requiring more computing power. This is often impractical and too expensive for individual miners who can't afford multiple <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asic.asp">mining-specific machines</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pooling-resources-lets-mine-better-together"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pooling Resources: Let’s Mine Better, Together </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> Enter the mining pool, a collection or group of miners working together to increase their chances of finding a block at the group level compared to that at the individual level. Through these pools, miners combine their individual computational resources with those of the other members. This enhances their joint processing power and helps them become more competitive, increasing their chances of receiving a reward. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> To draw an analogy, imagine a gold digger has the capacity to dig 100 square meters of land in one day. It would take them 100 days to explore one hectare of land for gold. Combining 100 gold diggers with the same capacity can complete the job in just one day. Any gold discovered can be split among all 100 diggers evenly, assuming all have put in equal effort to explore their assigned portions of land. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> Similarly, one can combine nine mining devices, each generating mining power of 335 megahashes per second (MH/s), to generate a combined output of around three gigahashes. The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/hash-rate-6746261">output is faster</a> and has an increased chance to solve the puzzle. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>It's important to understand the scale at which the Bitcoin network mines. On March 14, 2024, the Bitcoin network mined at a rate of about 635 exahashes per second (quintillion). One of the mining pools consistently in the top few pools by hashrate is FoundryDigital, which had a total Bitcoin hash rate of about 171 exahashes on March 14, 2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> However, this pooling, with better output and higher chances, comes at a cost. The reward earned through combined mining is split among the various pool members, as compared to sole ownership of the reward earned through individual mining.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-functions-of-a-mining-pool"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Functions of a Mining Pool </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> A mining pool essentially works as a coordinator for the pool members. The functions involve assigning work, looking for rewards through pooled efforts of available processing power, recording work performed by each pool member, and assigning reward shares to each pool member in proportion to the work performed after suitable verification. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"> The pool may also charge a fee from each member miner. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> Work to each pool member can be assigned in two ways. The traditional method involves assigning members a work unit comprised of a particular range of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonce.asp">nonce</a>. This is a number that blockchain miners use to add to the block's hash to generate a hexadecimal number to compare to the network target. Once the pool member completes the work on the assigned range, they place a request for a new work unit to be assigned. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> A second mining method allows pool members the liberty to pick and choose as much work as they like without any assignment coming from the pool. The methodology ensures that no two members take the same range, just like no two gold diggers should explore the same piece of land. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-mining-pools-share-rewards"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Do Mining Pools Share Rewards? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Successful identification of the block <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hash.asp">hash</a> leads to reward for the pool, which is usually based on a shares mechanism. Shares describe how much work a particular member contributes to the mining pool.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> There are two kinds of shares—accepted and rejected. Accepted shares indicate that work done by a pool member contributes substantially towards discovering new cryptocurrency, and these get rewarded. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> Rejected shares represent work that does not contribute to a blockchain discovery. Many pools generally do not pay for these. Even if a member’s computer performs work successfully but submits it late for that particular block, it constitutes rejected work. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> A pool member ideally wants all their shares to be accepted. However, rejected shares are inevitable, as it is impossible for all the computations on a member’s computer to be useful in coin discovery and always be submitted on time. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Pool members are rewarded based on their accepted shares that helped open a block. A share has no actual value and simply acts as an accounting method to keep the reward distribution fair. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> Based on the accepted shares, members get rewarded using different methods, some of which include the following: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <li><strong>Pay-per share (PPS)</strong>: Allows instant payout solely based on accepted shares contributed by the pool member, who are allowed to withdraw their earnings instantly from the pool’s existing balance.</li><li><strong>Proportional (PROP)</strong>: At the end of a mining round, a reward that is proportional to the number of the member’s shares with respect to the total shares in the pool is offered.</li><li><strong>Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (SMPPS)</strong>: A method similar to PPS but limits the payout to the maximum that the pool has earned.</li><li><strong>Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (ESMPPS)</strong>: A method similar to SMPPS, but distributes payments equally among all miners in the bitcoin mining pool.</li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> Other variations include the Double Geometric Method (DGM), Recent Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (RSMPPS), Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay (CPPSRB), and Bitcoin Pooled Mining (BPM). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> Before deciding to join a particular pool, miners should pay attention to how each pool shares its payments among members and what fees, if any, it charges. Typically, pools may charge between 1% and 3% as pool fees. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-mining-pool"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Mining Pool?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A mining pool is a group of cryptocurrency miners that combine their resources and attempt to solve the cryptographic mining puzzle.<br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-mining-pools-make-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Mining Pools Make Money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Pool members can receive shares of any rewards, and the mining pool managers might receive fees for providing and administering the pool.<br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-joining-a-mining-pool-worth-it"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Is Joining a Mining Pool Worth It?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you can't afford several top-of-the-line mining machines but still want to mine a cryptocurrency, joining a mining pool is the only option. It is worth it if you have a machine capable of producing a significant amount of work for the pool. If you're looking for a way to recoup the expenses of purchasing mining equipment, whether it's worth it depends on your contributions to the pool and how much you get back.<br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> With mining becoming more centralized toward large firms with thousands of high-speed mining devices, the chances of realistically profiting from individual mining are diminishing. Most individuals opt to join a mining pool, which allows them a high probability of limited profits instead of a low probability of high profits. Most people will not be able to earn a significant profit from mining in its current state. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> <em>The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893%23toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1710449507457950&amp;usg=AOvVaw1kmNKrfSzCPfDuUnck9t2c"> </a><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893%23toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1710449507458248&amp;usg=AOvVaw0q2KaXO0n42N7l1SKwe93H">warranty and liability disclaimer</a> for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.</em> </p></div>
## What Is a Mining Pool? A mining pool is a group of miners who work together to solve the cryptographic problems required by certain blockchains which reward the miners with cryptocurrency. Pools were created when cryptocurrency mining reached a difficulty level that only miners with enormous capacity could accomplish. This crowded small miners out of the competitive mining process, forcing them to work together to compete with the [large mining firms](https://www.investopedia.com/tech/are-large-mining-pools-bad-cryptocurrencies/). ### Key Takeaways * Mining pools combine the efforts of individual or smaller mining groups to make them more competitive with the large mining operations that dominate the network. * Mining has three purposes: it is the first verification of transactions, opens new blocks on the blockchain, and introduces new cryptocurrency into circulation. * Mining pools split rewards based on how much work a miner contributes to the pool. * Pools are essentially the only way to earn Bitcoin due to the centralization of the network's mining capacity. ## Understanding the Mining Process Cryptocurrency mining involves two functions—releasing new cryptocurrency into the system and verifying and adding transactions to the [blockchain](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp). It is performed using internet-connected devices and software programs which perform the mining process. [Crypto mining](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitcoin-mining.asp) is a calculation-intensive, puzzle-solving-like computation process that requires high processing power and electricity consumption. The miner(s) who first solves the puzzle gets to place the next block on the blockchain and claim the rewards. Mining rewards include newly released Bitcoin and fees for the work done. All transaction fees on the Bitcoin blockchain are paid for by the user to whoever solves the problem. The cryptocurrency discovery process is configured so that if more miners are working, the difficulty level goes up. A decline in the number of miners eases the difficulty level. The rewards make mining a lucrative activity for monetary gains. As more miners attempt to grab a piece of the pie, finding new blocks becomes computationally more difficult, requiring more computing power. This is often impractical and too expensive for individual miners who can't afford multiple [mining-specific machines](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asic.asp). ## Pooling Resources: Let’s Mine Better, Together Enter the mining pool, a collection or group of miners working together to increase their chances of finding a block at the group level compared to that at the individual level. Through these pools, miners combine their individual computational resources with those of the other members. This enhances their joint processing power and helps them become more competitive, increasing their chances of receiving a reward. To draw an analogy, imagine a gold digger has the capacity to dig 100 square meters of land in one day. It would take them 100 days to explore one hectare of land for gold. Combining 100 gold diggers with the same capacity can complete the job in just one day. Any gold discovered can be split among all 100 diggers evenly, assuming all have put in equal effort to explore their assigned portions of land. Similarly, one can combine nine mining devices, each generating mining power of 335 megahashes per second (MH/s), to generate a combined output of around three gigahashes. The [output is faster](https://www.investopedia.com/hash-rate-6746261) and has an increased chance to solve the puzzle. ### It's important to understand the scale at which the Bitcoin network mines. On March 14, 2024, the Bitcoin network mined at a rate of about 635 exahashes per second (quintillion). One of the mining pools consistently in the top few pools by hashrate is FoundryDigital, which had a total Bitcoin hash rate of about 171 exahashes on March 14, 2024. However, this pooling, with better output and higher chances, comes at a cost. The reward earned through combined mining is split among the various pool members, as compared to sole ownership of the reward earned through individual mining.  ## Functions of a Mining Pool A mining pool essentially works as a coordinator for the pool members. The functions involve assigning work, looking for rewards through pooled efforts of available processing power, recording work performed by each pool member, and assigning reward shares to each pool member in proportion to the work performed after suitable verification. The pool may also charge a fee from each member miner. Work to each pool member can be assigned in two ways. The traditional method involves assigning members a work unit comprised of a particular range of [nonce](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonce.asp). This is a number that blockchain miners use to add to the block's hash to generate a hexadecimal number to compare to the network target. Once the pool member completes the work on the assigned range, they place a request for a new work unit to be assigned. A second mining method allows pool members the liberty to pick and choose as much work as they like without any assignment coming from the pool. The methodology ensures that no two members take the same range, just like no two gold diggers should explore the same piece of land. ## How Do Mining Pools Share Rewards? Successful identification of the block [hash](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hash.asp) leads to reward for the pool, which is usually based on a shares mechanism. Shares describe how much work a particular member contributes to the mining pool.  There are two kinds of shares—accepted and rejected. Accepted shares indicate that work done by a pool member contributes substantially towards discovering new cryptocurrency, and these get rewarded. Rejected shares represent work that does not contribute to a blockchain discovery. Many pools generally do not pay for these. Even if a member’s computer performs work successfully but submits it late for that particular block, it constitutes rejected work. A pool member ideally wants all their shares to be accepted. However, rejected shares are inevitable, as it is impossible for all the computations on a member’s computer to be useful in coin discovery and always be submitted on time. Pool members are rewarded based on their accepted shares that helped open a block. A share has no actual value and simply acts as an accounting method to keep the reward distribution fair. Based on the accepted shares, members get rewarded using different methods, some of which include the following: * **Pay-per share (PPS)**: Allows instant payout solely based on accepted shares contributed by the pool member, who are allowed to withdraw their earnings instantly from the pool’s existing balance. * **Proportional (PROP)**: At the end of a mining round, a reward that is proportional to the number of the member’s shares with respect to the total shares in the pool is offered. * **Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (SMPPS)**: A method similar to PPS but limits the payout to the maximum that the pool has earned. * **Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (ESMPPS)**: A method similar to SMPPS, but distributes payments equally among all miners in the bitcoin mining pool. Other variations include the Double Geometric Method (DGM), Recent Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (RSMPPS), Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay (CPPSRB), and Bitcoin Pooled Mining (BPM). Before deciding to join a particular pool, miners should pay attention to how each pool shares its payments among members and what fees, if any, it charges. Typically, pools may charge between 1% and 3% as pool fees. ## What Is a Mining Pool? A mining pool is a group of cryptocurrency miners that combine their resources and attempt to solve the cryptographic mining puzzle. ## Do Mining Pools Make Money? Pool members can receive shares of any rewards, and the mining pool managers might receive fees for providing and administering the pool. ## Is Joining a Mining Pool Worth It? If you can't afford several top-of-the-line mining machines but still want to mine a cryptocurrency, joining a mining pool is the only option. It is worth it if you have a machine capable of producing a significant amount of work for the pool. If you're looking for a way to recoup the expenses of purchasing mining equipment, whether it's worth it depends on your contributions to the pool and how much you get back. ## The Bottom Line With mining becoming more centralized toward large firms with thousands of high-speed mining devices, the chances of realistically profiting from individual mining are diminishing. Most individuals opt to join a mining pool, which allows them a high probability of limited profits instead of a low probability of high profits. Most people will not be able to earn a significant profit from mining in its current state. *The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our[warranty and liability disclaimer](https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.investopedia.com/legal-4768893%23toc-warranty-and-liability-disclaimer&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1710449507458248&usg=AOvVaw0q2KaXO0n42N7l1SKwe93H) for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.*
What Is a Mining Pool? A mining pool is a group of miners who work together to solve the cryptographic problems required by certain blockchains which reward the miners with cryptocurrency. Pools were created when cryptocurrency mining reached a difficulty level that only miners with enormous capacity could accomplish. This crowded small miners out of the competitive mining process, forcing them to work together to compete with the large mining firms. Key Takeaways Mining pools combine the efforts of individual or smaller mining groups to make them more competitive with the large mining operations that dominate the network.Mining has three purposes: it is the first verification of transactions, opens new blocks on the blockchain, and introduces new cryptocurrency into circulation.Mining pools split rewards based on how much work a miner contributes to the pool.Pools are essentially the only way to earn Bitcoin due to the centralization of the network's mining capacity. Understanding the Mining Process Cryptocurrency mining involves two functions—releasing new cryptocurrency into the system and verifying and adding transactions to the blockchain. It is performed using internet-connected devices and software programs which perform the mining process. Crypto mining is a calculation-intensive, puzzle-solving-like computation process that requires high processing power and electricity consumption. The miner(s) who first solves the puzzle gets to place the next block on the blockchain and claim the rewards. Mining rewards include newly released Bitcoin and fees for the work done. All transaction fees on the Bitcoin blockchain are paid for by the user to whoever solves the problem. The cryptocurrency discovery process is configured so that if more miners are working, the difficulty level goes up. A decline in the number of miners eases the difficulty level. The rewards make mining a lucrative activity for monetary gains. As more miners attempt to grab a piece of the pie, finding new blocks becomes computationally more difficult, requiring more computing power. This is often impractical and too expensive for individual miners who can't afford multiple mining-specific machines. Pooling Resources: Let’s Mine Better, Together Enter the mining pool, a collection or group of miners working together to increase their chances of finding a block at the group level compared to that at the individual level. Through these pools, miners combine their individual computational resources with those of the other members. This enhances their joint processing power and helps them become more competitive, increasing their chances of receiving a reward. To draw an analogy, imagine a gold digger has the capacity to dig 100 square meters of land in one day. It would take them 100 days to explore one hectare of land for gold. Combining 100 gold diggers with the same capacity can complete the job in just one day. Any gold discovered can be split among all 100 diggers evenly, assuming all have put in equal effort to explore their assigned portions of land. Similarly, one can combine nine mining devices, each generating mining power of 335 megahashes per second (MH/s), to generate a combined output of around three gigahashes. The output is faster and has an increased chance to solve the puzzle. It's important to understand the scale at which the Bitcoin network mines. On March 14, 2024, the Bitcoin network mined at a rate of about 635 exahashes per second (quintillion). One of the mining pools consistently in the top few pools by hashrate is FoundryDigital, which had a total Bitcoin hash rate of about 171 exahashes on March 14, 2024. However, this pooling, with better output and higher chances, comes at a cost. The reward earned through combined mining is split among the various pool members, as compared to sole ownership of the reward earned through individual mining.  Functions of a Mining Pool A mining pool essentially works as a coordinator for the pool members. The functions involve assigning work, looking for rewards through pooled efforts of available processing power, recording work performed by each pool member, and assigning reward shares to each pool member in proportion to the work performed after suitable verification. The pool may also charge a fee from each member miner. Work to each pool member can be assigned in two ways. The traditional method involves assigning members a work unit comprised of a particular range of nonce. This is a number that blockchain miners use to add to the block's hash to generate a hexadecimal number to compare to the network target. Once the pool member completes the work on the assigned range, they place a request for a new work unit to be assigned. A second mining method allows pool members the liberty to pick and choose as much work as they like without any assignment coming from the pool. The methodology ensures that no two members take the same range, just like no two gold diggers should explore the same piece of land. How Do Mining Pools Share Rewards? Successful identification of the block hash leads to reward for the pool, which is usually based on a shares mechanism. Shares describe how much work a particular member contributes to the mining pool.  There are two kinds of shares—accepted and rejected. Accepted shares indicate that work done by a pool member contributes substantially towards discovering new cryptocurrency, and these get rewarded. Rejected shares represent work that does not contribute to a blockchain discovery. Many pools generally do not pay for these. Even if a member’s computer performs work successfully but submits it late for that particular block, it constitutes rejected work. A pool member ideally wants all their shares to be accepted. However, rejected shares are inevitable, as it is impossible for all the computations on a member’s computer to be useful in coin discovery and always be submitted on time. Pool members are rewarded based on their accepted shares that helped open a block. A share has no actual value and simply acts as an accounting method to keep the reward distribution fair. Based on the accepted shares, members get rewarded using different methods, some of which include the following: Pay-per share (PPS): Allows instant payout solely based on accepted shares contributed by the pool member, who are allowed to withdraw their earnings instantly from the pool’s existing balance.Proportional (PROP): At the end of a mining round, a reward that is proportional to the number of the member’s shares with respect to the total shares in the pool is offered.Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (SMPPS): A method similar to PPS but limits the payout to the maximum that the pool has earned.Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (ESMPPS): A method similar to SMPPS, but distributes payments equally among all miners in the bitcoin mining pool. Other variations include the Double Geometric Method (DGM), Recent Shared Maximum Pay Per Share (RSMPPS), Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay (CPPSRB), and Bitcoin Pooled Mining (BPM). Before deciding to join a particular pool, miners should pay attention to how each pool shares its payments among members and what fees, if any, it charges. Typically, pools may charge between 1% and 3% as pool fees. What Is a Mining Pool? A mining pool is a group of cryptocurrency miners that combine their resources and attempt to solve the cryptographic mining puzzle. Do Mining Pools Make Money? Pool members can receive shares of any rewards, and the mining pool managers might receive fees for providing and administering the pool. Is Joining a Mining Pool Worth It? If you can't afford several top-of-the-line mining machines but still want to mine a cryptocurrency, joining a mining pool is the only option. It is worth it if you have a machine capable of producing a significant amount of work for the pool. If you're looking for a way to recoup the expenses of purchasing mining equipment, whether it's worth it depends on your contributions to the pool and how much you get back. The Bottom Line With mining becoming more centralized toward large firms with thousands of high-speed mining devices, the chances of realistically profiting from individual mining are diminishing. Most individuals opt to join a mining pool, which allows them a high probability of limited profits instead of a low probability of high profits. Most people will not be able to earn a significant profit from mining in its current state. The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read our warranty and liability disclaimer for more info. As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brokerage-fee.asp
What Is a Brokerage Fee? How Fees Work and Types
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-brokerage-fee"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Is a Brokerage Fee? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"> A brokerage fee is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fee.asp">fee</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp">commission</a> a broker charges to execute transactions or provide specialized services on behalf of clients. Brokers charge brokerage fees for services such as purchases, sales, consultations, negotiations, and delivery. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"> There are many instances of brokerage fees charged in various industries such as financial services, insurance, real estate, and delivery services, among others. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>A broker or agent charges a brokerage fee to execute transactions or provide specialized services.</li><li>Brokerage fees are based on a percentage of the transaction, as a flat fee, or as a hybrid of the two, and vary according to the industry and type of broker.</li><li>The three main types of financial securities industry brokers that charge brokerage fees are full-service, discount, and online.</li><li>Today, many online brokerage platforms offer $0 brokerage fees for listed stocks and ETFs.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-understanding-brokerage-fees"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Understanding Brokerage Fees </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> Brokerage fees, also known as broker fees, are based on a percentage of the transaction, as a flat fee, or as a hybrid of the two. Brokerage fees vary according to the industry and type of broker. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> In the real estate industry, a brokerage fee is typically a flat fee or a standard percentage charged to the buyer, the seller, or both. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgagebroker.asp">Mortgage brokers</a> help potential borrowers find and secure mortgage loans; their associated fees are between 1% and 2% of the loan amount. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> In the insurance industry, a broker, unlike an agent, represents the interests of the customer and not the insurer. Brokers find the best insurance policies to meet customers' needs and will charge fees for their services. In rare instances, brokers may collect fees from both the insurer and the individual buying the insurance policy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> In the financial securities industry, a brokerage fee is charged to facilitate trading or to administer investment or other accounts. The three main types of brokers that charge brokerage fees are full-service, discount, and online. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-stock-brokerage-fee-breakdown"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Stock Brokerage Fee Breakdown </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Full-Service Brokerage Fees </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fullservicebroker.asp">Full-service brokers</a> offer a wide range of products and services such as estate planning, tax consultation and preparation, and other financial services. As a result, they earn the largest brokerage fees. Not so long ago, it was not uncommon for a full-service broker to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/022315/how-brokerage-fees-work.asp">charge upward of $100 per trade</a> for orders placed with a human broker. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> The standard commission for full-service brokers today is between 1% to 2% of a client’s managed assets. For example, Tim wants to purchase 100 shares of Company A at $40 per share. Tim's broker earns a commission of $80 for facilitating the transaction ($40/share x 100 shares = $4,000, $4,000 x .02 commission = $80). When the commission is added, the total cost of the trade is $4,000 + $80 = $4,080. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> A <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/12b-1fees.asp">12B-1 fee</a> is a recurring fee that a broker receives for selling a mutual fund. The fees range from 0.25% to 1.00% of the total value of the trade. Annual maintenance fees range from 0.25% to 1.5% of the assets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Discount Brokerage Fees </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Because <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discountbroker.asp">discount brokers</a> offer a narrower selection of products and provide no investment advice, they charge lower fees than full-service brokers do. Discount brokers charge a flat fee for each trade transaction. The per-trade flat fee ranges from less than $5 to more than $30 per trade. Account maintenance fees are usually around 0.5% per year based on assets held. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Online Brokerage Fees </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/complete-guide-choosing-online-stock-broker/">Online brokers</a> have the least expensive brokerage fees. Their primary role is to allow investors to conduct online trading. Customer service is limited. Many online brokers have removed a specific commission fee for trades on stock shares, but commission fees for options or futures trades still apply. The fees vary and may be based on a per-contract or per-share charge. Account maintenance fees vary between $0 to $50 per account per year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-reduction-of-brokerage-fees-to-zero"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Reduction of Brokerage Fees to Zero </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Investors can reduce account maintenance fees by comparing brokers, their provided services, and their fees. Buying no-load mutual funds or fee-free investments can help avoid per-trade fees. It is important to read the fine print or fee schedule and ask questions about any fees charged. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"> Today, many online platforms like Robinhood offer $0 trading in many stocks and ETFs (as well as many others that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/news/online-broker-race-zero-fees/">have since joined</a> the commission-free movement). The disappearance of outright brokerage fees for trades has been the result of intense competition resulting in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/how-fee-compression-blessing-and-curse-etf-managers/">fee compression</a>. These services instead make money by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paymentoforderflow.asp">selling your order flow</a> or loaning your stock positions to short sellers.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> Fees for money management have also been compressed through online services called <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roboadvisor-roboadviser.asp">roboadvisors</a>, which use algorithms to automatically establish and maintain an optimal investment portfolio. These services charge far less than a human advisor, generally between 0.25% and 0.50% per year based on assets held, with some even lower. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-is-it-normal-to-pay-a-brokerage-fee"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Is It Normal to Pay a Brokerage Fee?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Traditionally, most investors and traders had to pay fees to their brokers to execute trades and maintain their accounts. With the advent of Internet-based trading, online account management, and fierce competition among brokerage firms, today's fees on most stock and ETF trades have dropped to zero at several platforms.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-brokers-charge-0-fees-on-stock-trades"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which Brokers Charge $0 Fees on Stock Trades?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Robinhood was one of the first large online broker to offer free trading in stocks and ETFs in 2013 when its app officially launched. Since then, many brokerages have followed suit, including Charles Schwab, Fidelity, Merrill Edge, E*TRADE, Interactive Brokers, TD Ameritrade, Webull, J.P. Morgan, Vanguard, SoFi, and Ally Invest (among others).</p><p>Note that many of these platforms still charge commissions for trading in OTC stocks, options, futures, or other non-stock securities.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-typical-commission-for-options-trades"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Typical Commission for Options Trades?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Many brokers charge a fixed commission plus a per-contract fee for options trades. This could be something like $5.95 + $1.00 per contract (so, the total fee on a 10-lot trade would be $5.95 + $10 = $15.95). The exact commission structure will vary based on your broker and the level of trading that you do with them. For example, E•TRADE charges $0.65 per contract but reduces it to $0.50 per contract for accounts with more than 30 trades in a month.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-typical-brokerage-fee-for-a-real-estate-deal"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Typical Brokerage Fee for a Real Estate Deal?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Realtors and real estate brokers typically charge around 5% to 6% of the selling price of a house. This is often split between the seller's agent and the buyer's agent. Some discount real estate brokerages may charge a lower rate or instead offer a fixed-fee service.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> Brokerage fees are the cost of doing business with a broker and can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/07/mutual_fund_cost.asp">take away from the returns of your portfolio</a>. When choosing a broker, take the time to assess the services you're receiving and whether the cost of those services benefit you. Additionally, consider if any other fees are necessary or just in the interest of the broker. Today, through online brokers, brokerage fees for simple stock investing are very low or nonexistent, allowing you to keep larger portions of your investment returns. </p></div>
## What Is a Brokerage Fee? A brokerage fee is a [fee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fee.asp) or [commission](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp) a broker charges to execute transactions or provide specialized services on behalf of clients. Brokers charge brokerage fees for services such as purchases, sales, consultations, negotiations, and delivery. There are many instances of brokerage fees charged in various industries such as financial services, insurance, real estate, and delivery services, among others. ### Key Takeaways * A broker or agent charges a brokerage fee to execute transactions or provide specialized services. * Brokerage fees are based on a percentage of the transaction, as a flat fee, or as a hybrid of the two, and vary according to the industry and type of broker. * The three main types of financial securities industry brokers that charge brokerage fees are full-service, discount, and online. * Today, many online brokerage platforms offer $0 brokerage fees for listed stocks and ETFs. ## Understanding Brokerage Fees Brokerage fees, also known as broker fees, are based on a percentage of the transaction, as a flat fee, or as a hybrid of the two. Brokerage fees vary according to the industry and type of broker. In the real estate industry, a brokerage fee is typically a flat fee or a standard percentage charged to the buyer, the seller, or both. [Mortgage brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mortgagebroker.asp) help potential borrowers find and secure mortgage loans; their associated fees are between 1% and 2% of the loan amount. In the insurance industry, a broker, unlike an agent, represents the interests of the customer and not the insurer. Brokers find the best insurance policies to meet customers' needs and will charge fees for their services. In rare instances, brokers may collect fees from both the insurer and the individual buying the insurance policy. In the financial securities industry, a brokerage fee is charged to facilitate trading or to administer investment or other accounts. The three main types of brokers that charge brokerage fees are full-service, discount, and online. ## Stock Brokerage Fee Breakdown ### Full-Service Brokerage Fees [Full-service brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fullservicebroker.asp) offer a wide range of products and services such as estate planning, tax consultation and preparation, and other financial services. As a result, they earn the largest brokerage fees. Not so long ago, it was not uncommon for a full-service broker to [charge upward of $100 per trade](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/022315/how-brokerage-fees-work.asp) for orders placed with a human broker. The standard commission for full-service brokers today is between 1% to 2% of a client’s managed assets. For example, Tim wants to purchase 100 shares of Company A at $40 per share. Tim's broker earns a commission of $80 for facilitating the transaction ($40/share x 100 shares = $4,000, $4,000 x .02 commission = $80). When the commission is added, the total cost of the trade is $4,000 + $80 = $4,080. A [12B-1 fee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/12b-1fees.asp) is a recurring fee that a broker receives for selling a mutual fund. The fees range from 0.25% to 1.00% of the total value of the trade. Annual maintenance fees range from 0.25% to 1.5% of the assets. ### Discount Brokerage Fees Because [discount brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discountbroker.asp) offer a narrower selection of products and provide no investment advice, they charge lower fees than full-service brokers do. Discount brokers charge a flat fee for each trade transaction. The per-trade flat fee ranges from less than $5 to more than $30 per trade. Account maintenance fees are usually around 0.5% per year based on assets held. ### Online Brokerage Fees [Online brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/complete-guide-choosing-online-stock-broker/) have the least expensive brokerage fees. Their primary role is to allow investors to conduct online trading. Customer service is limited. Many online brokers have removed a specific commission fee for trades on stock shares, but commission fees for options or futures trades still apply. The fees vary and may be based on a per-contract or per-share charge. Account maintenance fees vary between $0 to $50 per account per year. ## Reduction of Brokerage Fees to Zero Investors can reduce account maintenance fees by comparing brokers, their provided services, and their fees. Buying no-load mutual funds or fee-free investments can help avoid per-trade fees. It is important to read the fine print or fee schedule and ask questions about any fees charged. Today, many online platforms like Robinhood offer $0 trading in many stocks and ETFs (as well as many others that [have since joined](https://www.investopedia.com/news/online-broker-race-zero-fees/) the commission-free movement). The disappearance of outright brokerage fees for trades has been the result of intense competition resulting in [fee compression](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/how-fee-compression-blessing-and-curse-etf-managers/). These services instead make money by [selling your order flow](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paymentoforderflow.asp) or loaning your stock positions to short sellers. Fees for money management have also been compressed through online services called [roboadvisors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roboadvisor-roboadviser.asp), which use algorithms to automatically establish and maintain an optimal investment portfolio. These services charge far less than a human advisor, generally between 0.25% and 0.50% per year based on assets held, with some even lower. ## Is It Normal to Pay a Brokerage Fee? Traditionally, most investors and traders had to pay fees to their brokers to execute trades and maintain their accounts. With the advent of Internet-based trading, online account management, and fierce competition among brokerage firms, today's fees on most stock and ETF trades have dropped to zero at several platforms. ## Which Brokers Charge $0 Fees on Stock Trades? Robinhood was one of the first large online broker to offer free trading in stocks and ETFs in 2013 when its app officially launched. Since then, many brokerages have followed suit, including Charles Schwab, Fidelity, Merrill Edge, E\*TRADE, Interactive Brokers, TD Ameritrade, Webull, J.P. Morgan, Vanguard, SoFi, and Ally Invest (among others). Note that many of these platforms still charge commissions for trading in OTC stocks, options, futures, or other non-stock securities. ## What Is a Typical Commission for Options Trades? Many brokers charge a fixed commission plus a per-contract fee for options trades. This could be something like $5.95 + $1.00 per contract (so, the total fee on a 10-lot trade would be $5.95 + $10 = $15.95). The exact commission structure will vary based on your broker and the level of trading that you do with them. For example, E•TRADE charges $0.65 per contract but reduces it to $0.50 per contract for accounts with more than 30 trades in a month. ## What Is the Typical Brokerage Fee for a Real Estate Deal? Realtors and real estate brokers typically charge around 5% to 6% of the selling price of a house. This is often split between the seller's agent and the buyer's agent. Some discount real estate brokerages may charge a lower rate or instead offer a fixed-fee service. ## The Bottom Line Brokerage fees are the cost of doing business with a broker and can [take away from the returns of your portfolio](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/07/mutual_fund_cost.asp). When choosing a broker, take the time to assess the services you're receiving and whether the cost of those services benefit you. Additionally, consider if any other fees are necessary or just in the interest of the broker. Today, through online brokers, brokerage fees for simple stock investing are very low or nonexistent, allowing you to keep larger portions of your investment returns.
What Is a Brokerage Fee? A brokerage fee is a fee or commission a broker charges to execute transactions or provide specialized services on behalf of clients. Brokers charge brokerage fees for services such as purchases, sales, consultations, negotiations, and delivery. There are many instances of brokerage fees charged in various industries such as financial services, insurance, real estate, and delivery services, among others. Key Takeaways A broker or agent charges a brokerage fee to execute transactions or provide specialized services.Brokerage fees are based on a percentage of the transaction, as a flat fee, or as a hybrid of the two, and vary according to the industry and type of broker.The three main types of financial securities industry brokers that charge brokerage fees are full-service, discount, and online.Today, many online brokerage platforms offer $0 brokerage fees for listed stocks and ETFs. Understanding Brokerage Fees Brokerage fees, also known as broker fees, are based on a percentage of the transaction, as a flat fee, or as a hybrid of the two. Brokerage fees vary according to the industry and type of broker. In the real estate industry, a brokerage fee is typically a flat fee or a standard percentage charged to the buyer, the seller, or both. Mortgage brokers help potential borrowers find and secure mortgage loans; their associated fees are between 1% and 2% of the loan amount. In the insurance industry, a broker, unlike an agent, represents the interests of the customer and not the insurer. Brokers find the best insurance policies to meet customers' needs and will charge fees for their services. In rare instances, brokers may collect fees from both the insurer and the individual buying the insurance policy. In the financial securities industry, a brokerage fee is charged to facilitate trading or to administer investment or other accounts. The three main types of brokers that charge brokerage fees are full-service, discount, and online. Stock Brokerage Fee Breakdown Full-Service Brokerage Fees Full-service brokers offer a wide range of products and services such as estate planning, tax consultation and preparation, and other financial services. As a result, they earn the largest brokerage fees. Not so long ago, it was not uncommon for a full-service broker to charge upward of $100 per trade for orders placed with a human broker. The standard commission for full-service brokers today is between 1% to 2% of a client’s managed assets. For example, Tim wants to purchase 100 shares of Company A at $40 per share. Tim's broker earns a commission of $80 for facilitating the transaction ($40/share x 100 shares = $4,000, $4,000 x .02 commission = $80). When the commission is added, the total cost of the trade is $4,000 + $80 = $4,080. A 12B-1 fee is a recurring fee that a broker receives for selling a mutual fund. The fees range from 0.25% to 1.00% of the total value of the trade. Annual maintenance fees range from 0.25% to 1.5% of the assets. Discount Brokerage Fees Because discount brokers offer a narrower selection of products and provide no investment advice, they charge lower fees than full-service brokers do. Discount brokers charge a flat fee for each trade transaction. The per-trade flat fee ranges from less than $5 to more than $30 per trade. Account maintenance fees are usually around 0.5% per year based on assets held. Online Brokerage Fees Online brokers have the least expensive brokerage fees. Their primary role is to allow investors to conduct online trading. Customer service is limited. Many online brokers have removed a specific commission fee for trades on stock shares, but commission fees for options or futures trades still apply. The fees vary and may be based on a per-contract or per-share charge. Account maintenance fees vary between $0 to $50 per account per year. Reduction of Brokerage Fees to Zero Investors can reduce account maintenance fees by comparing brokers, their provided services, and their fees. Buying no-load mutual funds or fee-free investments can help avoid per-trade fees. It is important to read the fine print or fee schedule and ask questions about any fees charged. Today, many online platforms like Robinhood offer $0 trading in many stocks and ETFs (as well as many others that have since joined the commission-free movement). The disappearance of outright brokerage fees for trades has been the result of intense competition resulting in fee compression. These services instead make money by selling your order flow or loaning your stock positions to short sellers. Fees for money management have also been compressed through online services called roboadvisors, which use algorithms to automatically establish and maintain an optimal investment portfolio. These services charge far less than a human advisor, generally between 0.25% and 0.50% per year based on assets held, with some even lower. Is It Normal to Pay a Brokerage Fee? Traditionally, most investors and traders had to pay fees to their brokers to execute trades and maintain their accounts. With the advent of Internet-based trading, online account management, and fierce competition among brokerage firms, today's fees on most stock and ETF trades have dropped to zero at several platforms. Which Brokers Charge $0 Fees on Stock Trades? Robinhood was one of the first large online broker to offer free trading in stocks and ETFs in 2013 when its app officially launched. Since then, many brokerages have followed suit, including Charles Schwab, Fidelity, Merrill Edge, E*TRADE, Interactive Brokers, TD Ameritrade, Webull, J.P. Morgan, Vanguard, SoFi, and Ally Invest (among others).Note that many of these platforms still charge commissions for trading in OTC stocks, options, futures, or other non-stock securities. What Is a Typical Commission for Options Trades? Many brokers charge a fixed commission plus a per-contract fee for options trades. This could be something like $5.95 + $1.00 per contract (so, the total fee on a 10-lot trade would be $5.95 + $10 = $15.95). The exact commission structure will vary based on your broker and the level of trading that you do with them. For example, E•TRADE charges $0.65 per contract but reduces it to $0.50 per contract for accounts with more than 30 trades in a month. What Is the Typical Brokerage Fee for a Real Estate Deal? Realtors and real estate brokers typically charge around 5% to 6% of the selling price of a house. This is often split between the seller's agent and the buyer's agent. Some discount real estate brokerages may charge a lower rate or instead offer a fixed-fee service. The Bottom Line Brokerage fees are the cost of doing business with a broker and can take away from the returns of your portfolio. When choosing a broker, take the time to assess the services you're receiving and whether the cost of those services benefit you. Additionally, consider if any other fees are necessary or just in the interest of the broker. Today, through online brokers, brokerage fees for simple stock investing are very low or nonexistent, allowing you to keep larger portions of your investment returns.
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https://www.investopedia.com/best-jumbo-mortgage-rates-5101581
Compare the Best Jumbo Mortgage Rates for 2024
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> As of May 21, 2024, the jumbo 30-year fixed mortgage rate is 7.09%, and the jumbo 15-year rate is 7.02%. These rates are not the teaser rates you may see advertised online and, based on our methodology, should be more representative of what customers could expect to be quoted depending on their qualifications. You can learn more about what makes our rates different in the Methodology section of this page. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> A mortgage rate is the amount of interest lenders charge on a home loan and may differ depending on the amount you borrow and whether you opt for a fixed- or adjustable-rate mortgage. Jumbo mortgage rates are rates associated with jumbo loans. Jumbo loans exceed the 2024 limits of conforming loans: $766,550 for single-family homes or $1,149,825 in locations with higher home values.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Those looking for high-value homes will purchase them through a jumbo loan with a corresponding jumbo loan rate. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Editor's Note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><p>Our daily mortgage rate averages are based on data from Zillow Group Marketplace. As this involves a different rate source and methodology, the averages will not directly align with those we published prior to May 1, 2024. All the historical data and analysis in this article and future articles is also based on this new data source.<br/></p></div></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-tool mntl-block mntl-sc-block--credible-rate-table--mortgage" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><span class="comp prm-external-component-tools mntl-external-component" id="prm-external-component-tools_1-0"><div id="credible-block"></div> </span></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> While rates are often similar to those for conforming loans, they can be higher, leading to more interest paid over the loan. To qualify, borrowers must have a good credit profile with a low debt-to-income ratio and a higher credit score. If you’re considering taking out a jumbo loan, check out the rates below to determine the best course of action for your borrowing needs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-todays-jumbo-mortgage-rates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Today's Jumbo Mortgage Rates </span> </h2> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">National averages of the lowest jumbo mortgage rates offered by more than 200 of the country's top lenders, with a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%, an applicant with a FICO credit score of 700-760, and no mortgage points.</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Loan Type</th> <th>Purchase</th> <th>Refinance</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>Jumbo 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.09%</td> <td>7.43%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.02%</td> <td>6.47%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 7/6 ARM</td> <td>7.54%</td> <td>8.03%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 5/6 ARM</td> <td>7.89%</td> <td>7.72%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>Source: Bankrate (Note, these rates do not include private mortgage insurance (PMI).</figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-todays-rates-for-all-mortgage-loan-types"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Today's Rates for All Mortgage Loan Types </span> </h2> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="mntl-sc-block-table__title" colspan="3">National averages of the lowest rates offered by more than 200 of the country's top lenders, with a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%, an applicant with a FICO credit score of 700-760, and no mortgage points.</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Loan Type</th> <th>Purchase</th> <th>Refinance</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td>30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.97%</td> <td>6.94%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.78%</td> <td>6.60%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VA 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.34%</td> <td>6.23%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.64%</td> <td>6.81%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15-Year Fixed</td> <td>6.15%</td> <td>6.25%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FHA 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.23%</td> <td>6.33%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-Year Fixed</td> <td>5.85%</td> <td>6.12%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7/6 ARM</td> <td>7.62%</td> <td>7.62%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5/6 ARM</td> <td>7.80%</td> <td>7.65%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 30-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.09%</td> <td>7.43%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 15-Year Fixed</td> <td>7.02%</td> <td>6.47%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 7/6 ARM</td> <td>7.54%</td> <td>8.03%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jumbo 5/6 ARM</td> <td>7.89%</td> <td>7.72%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figcaption>Source: Bankrate (Note, these rates do not include private mortgage insurance (PMI).</figcaption> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-mortgage-rate"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Mortgage Rate?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Home loans come with a mortgage rate, which is the amount of interest borrowers are charged in exchange for the amount lent by the financing company. Rates can be fixed or adjustable. Fixed rates won’t change throughout the mortgage term, while <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage/mortgage-rates/adjustable-rate-go-up/">adjustable-rate mortgages</a> fluctuate based on a benchmark rate for the duration of the mortgage term—usually every six months or a year.</p><p>The mortgage rate is one of the most important features for borrowers looking into home financing options. That’s because this rate will affect the monthly payments and total interest paid over the course of the loan. </p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-jumbo-mortgage"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Jumbo Mortgage?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A jumbo mortgage, or jumbo loan, is a type of loan that exceeds value limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). These types of mortgages aren’t guaranteed, purchased, or sold by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, both government-sponsored entities. </p><p>These limits vary based on where you live. In general, areas with a higher cost of living will have higher limits. As of 2024, FHFA set the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/conformingloanlimit.asp">conforming loan limit</a> at $766,550 (single-family homes) for most U.S. counties. There is an exception where there are higher home values, and the limit is increased to $1,149,825.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Anything above these numbers is a jumbo mortgage.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-are-jumbo-mortgage-rates-set"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Are Jumbo Mortgage Rates Set?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Like conventional mortgages, rates are influenced based on the Federal Reserve benchmarks and on individual factors such as the borrower's credit score. Jumbo mortgage rates will rise and fall in line with the Fed's short-term interest rates.</p><p>Additionally, since these loans are more than half a million dollars and pose a great risk to lenders, borrowers will face more rigorous credit requirements. This includes having a much higher credit score (often at least 700) and a lower debt-to-income ratio. Lenders will also want borrowers to prove they have certain cash reserves. The better your credit profile, the lower your jumbo mortgage rate.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-does-the-federal-reserve-decide-mortgage-rates"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Does the Federal Reserve Decide Mortgage Rates?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/federal-reserve-monetary-policy/">Federal Reserve</a> doesn’t determine mortgage rates directly. Instead, it influences the rate indirectly by deciding on short-term interest rates. These rates are ones that financial institutions use to borrow from each other and which the government issues short-term bonds. </p><p>Ultimately, the Federal Reserve uses these rates to help guide the economy by encouraging growth and controlling inflation. Lowering rates is often a sign of trying to stimulate the economy with new big-ticket purchases such as homes.</p><p>Whenever the Federal Open Market Committee decides to raise or lower short-term interest rates, lenders raise or lower theirs accordingly.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-a-good-jumbo-mortgage-rate"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is a Good Jumbo Mortgage Rate?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>What's considered a good jumbo mortgage rate will depend on your individual credit profile. Just because you see low advertised rates doesn't mean you'll get that rate. The best rates are offered to those with excellent credit, a sizable amount of assets, and a low <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/081214/whats-considered-be-good-debttoincome-dti-ratio.asp">debt-to-income ratio</a>, among other factors. </p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-different-mortgage-types-have-different-rates"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Different Mortgage Types Have Different Rates?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Various mortgage types offer different rates. Conventional, fixed-rate mortgages usually have different rates between loan terms; longer terms hold higher interest rates than shorter terms. For instance, a 15-year mortgage usually has lower rates than a 30-year term.</p><p>Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, have different rates from fixed-rate mortgages. ARM loans usually have lower initial interest rates, making payments more manageable early in the loan term. After a predetermined period of time, the rate goes up or down depending on the current market conditions. For example, a 5/1 arm has an initial fixed period of five years followed by an adjustable rate that resets every year. A 7/1 arm would instead have a seven-year fixed period, while a 3/2 ARM would see rates adjust every two years following an initial 3-year period of fixed rates.</p><p>Jumbo mortgages also have different rates than conforming mortgages, usually higher than conforming mortgages because of the risk associated with a larger loan balance.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-are-interest-rate-and-apr-the-same"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Are Interest Rate and APR the Same?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Borrowers may notice some lenders offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100314/what-difference-between-interest-rate-and-annual-percentage-rate-apr.asp">interest rates and annual percentage rates</a> (APR) that are similar, but they are in fact two different things. The interest rate, expressed as a percentage, is the amount a lender intends to charge borrowers for the amount lent (known as the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/calculate-principal-and-interest-5211981">principal</a>). The APR, also expressed as a percentage, includes the interest rate plus all lender charges rolled into the loan, such as application fees, broker fees, origination fees, and any mortgage points. </p><p>APRs tend to be higher than their corresponding interest rates. When they are similar, it means the mortgage has fewer added costs rolled into the loan. The lower the APR, the fewer borrowers pay for the loan over the course of the contract term.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-do-i-qualify-for-better-jumbo-mortgage-rates"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Do I Qualify for Better Jumbo Mortgage Rates?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Due to the more stringent requirements in qualifying for a jumbo mortgage, borrowers need to have a high credit score, a low debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, and plenty of assets or cash reserves. In other words, lenders want borrowers to prove they’re financially stable and creditworthy enough to take out a jumbo loan since they can’t sell their loans to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/fannie-mae-freddie-mac-credit-crisis.asp">Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac</a> to offload some risks. </p><p>Many lenders want to see scores of 700 or more to offer competitive rates. To raise yours, first, see where you stand. You can get a free credit report from all three major credit bureaus—Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion—from AnnualCreditReport.com. Make sure all the information on your reports is accurate. Otherwise, contact the credit reporting bureau and the appropriate creditor of any discrepancies to contest it. </p><p>There are plenty of ways to raise or maintain your credit score, but the most effective way is to ensure you’re paying down your debt and making on-time payments. Other actions include not taking out any additional loans or debts when applying for a mortgage.</p><p>As for your DTI, this ratio is a percentage of your gross income that goes toward paying your monthly debt obligations. Lenders look at this number to determine whether you can afford your mortgage payments. Lenders want borrowers to have a DTI of no more than 43% but ideally seek DTI ratios of 36% or less.</p><p>Lenders also look at a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/front-end-debt-to-income-ratio.asp">front-end DTI</a>, which calculates how much of your gross income goes toward housing. To <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-calculator-5084794">calculate</a> the front end, divide all your housing expenses (including mortgage payments and homeowners insurance) by your gross income. Lenders prefer that this number is no more than 28% of your total income.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span></p><p>If your DTI is high, you can lower that amount by increasing your income or paying down more of your existing debt.</p><p>Other ways to help you qualify for better jumbo mortgage rates include having more cash reserves. Larger amounts of assets show lenders that, if need be, you can draw from these reserves to pay your monthly mortgage payments. Mortgage lenders may not require a huge down payment (some may ask for 10% down), but to avoid the cost of private mortgage insurance and increase your chances of getting a better rate, aiming for 20% down is a good idea. </p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-big-a-mortgage-can-i-afford"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Big a Mortgage Can I Afford?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>How much you can borrow will depend on factors such as your credit score, income, assets, and property value. Jumbo mortgages are generally the best for someone who is a high-income earner—essentially, someone who can afford the higher payments.</p><p>Even if lenders offer a specific loan amount, it doesn't mean you need to purchase a home up to that limit. Carefully consider how much you want to pay and can easily afford so that you can achieve your other financial goals, like saving for retirement. A good rule of thumb is to use the front-end DTI to determine your maximum affordability, which shouldn't exceed 28% of your income.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-are-mortgage-points"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Are Mortgage Points?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Also referred to as discount points, mortgage points are a fee borrowers pay lenders in order to receive a lower interest rate. In other words, you are prepaying interest for a period of time in order to pay less on the overall lifetime costs of your loan.</p><p>One mortgage point costs 1% of your loan amount. For instance, if you take out a loan for $600,000, you’ll pay $6,000 to reduce your rate by 0.25%. It may not seem like a huge amount, but it can add up to tens of thousands of dollars in interest over the life of the loan. </p><p>For example, you take out a $600,000 mortgage with 20% down and at an interest rate of 3.25%. With a 30-year jumbo loan, you’ll pay $272,036.52 in interest. In contrast, if you paid $6,000 to lower the rate to 3%, you’ll end up paying $248,531.77 in interest, a savings of $23,504.75.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-should-i-get-a-jumbo-mortgage"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Should I Get a Jumbo Mortgage?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>The decision to take out a jumbo mortgage is a decision not to be taken lightly. That’s why it’s important to understand what lenders are looking for when it comes to these types of mortgages as well as making sure that you can afford the monthly payments. With homes that have a higher value, home insurance and maintenance needs may also be more expensive, so don’t forget to factor these costs into your budget. </p><p>If you do decide to move forward, you’ll probably face a more complicated and involved process in order for a lender to approve a loan. That’s why shopping around is crucial—finding the right lender offers you the best chance of purchasing your dream home.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-track-the-best-jumbo-mortgage-rates"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Track the Best Jumbo Mortgage Rates </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> In order to assess the best jumbo mortgage rates, we first needed to create a credit profile. This profile included a credit score ranging from 700 to 760 with a property loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%. With this profile, we averaged the lowest rates offered by more than 200 of the nation’s top lenders. As such, these rates are representative of what real consumers will see when shopping for a mortgage.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> Keep in mind that mortgage rates may change daily and this data is intended to be for informational purposes only. A person’s personal credit and income profile will be the deciding factors in what loan rates and terms they are able to get. Loan rates do not include amounts for taxes or insurance premiums and individual lender terms will apply.  </p></div>
As of May 21, 2024, the jumbo 30-year fixed mortgage rate is 7.09%, and the jumbo 15-year rate is 7.02%. These rates are not the teaser rates you may see advertised online and, based on our methodology, should be more representative of what customers could expect to be quoted depending on their qualifications. You can learn more about what makes our rates different in the Methodology section of this page. A mortgage rate is the amount of interest lenders charge on a home loan and may differ depending on the amount you borrow and whether you opt for a fixed- or adjustable-rate mortgage. Jumbo mortgage rates are rates associated with jumbo loans. Jumbo loans exceed the 2024 limits of conforming loans: $766,550 for single-family homes or $1,149,825 in locations with higher home values. Those looking for high-value homes will purchase them through a jumbo loan with a corresponding jumbo loan rate. ### Editor's Note Our daily mortgage rate averages are based on data from Zillow Group Marketplace. As this involves a different rate source and methodology, the averages will not directly align with those we published prior to May 1, 2024. All the historical data and analysis in this article and future articles is also based on this new data source. While rates are often similar to those for conforming loans, they can be higher, leading to more interest paid over the loan. To qualify, borrowers must have a good credit profile with a low debt-to-income ratio and a higher credit score. If you’re considering taking out a jumbo loan, check out the rates below to determine the best course of action for your borrowing needs. ## Today's Jumbo Mortgage Rates | National averages of the lowest jumbo mortgage rates offered by more than 200 of the country's top lenders, with a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%, an applicant with a FICO credit score of 700-760, and no mortgage points. | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Loan Type | Purchase | Refinance | | Jumbo 30-Year Fixed | 7.09% | 7.43% | | Jumbo 15-Year Fixed | 7.02% | 6.47% | | Jumbo 7/6 ARM | 7.54% | 8.03% | | Jumbo 5/6 ARM | 7.89% | 7.72% | Source: Bankrate (Note, these rates do not include private mortgage insurance (PMI). ## Today's Rates for All Mortgage Loan Types | National averages of the lowest rates offered by more than 200 of the country's top lenders, with a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%, an applicant with a FICO credit score of 700-760, and no mortgage points. | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Loan Type | Purchase | Refinance | | 30-Year Fixed | 6.97% | 6.94% | | FHA 30-Year Fixed | 6.78% | 6.60% | | VA 30-Year Fixed | 6.34% | 6.23% | | 20-Year Fixed | 6.64% | 6.81% | | 15-Year Fixed | 6.15% | 6.25% | | FHA 15-Year Fixed | 7.23% | 6.33% | | 10-Year Fixed | 5.85% | 6.12% | | 7/6 ARM | 7.62% | 7.62% | | 5/6 ARM | 7.80% | 7.65% | | Jumbo 30-Year Fixed | 7.09% | 7.43% | | Jumbo 15-Year Fixed | 7.02% | 6.47% | | Jumbo 7/6 ARM | 7.54% | 8.03% | | Jumbo 5/6 ARM | 7.89% | 7.72% | Source: Bankrate (Note, these rates do not include private mortgage insurance (PMI). ## What Is a Mortgage Rate? Home loans come with a mortgage rate, which is the amount of interest borrowers are charged in exchange for the amount lent by the financing company. Rates can be fixed or adjustable. Fixed rates won’t change throughout the mortgage term, while [adjustable-rate mortgages](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage/mortgage-rates/adjustable-rate-go-up/) fluctuate based on a benchmark rate for the duration of the mortgage term—usually every six months or a year. The mortgage rate is one of the most important features for borrowers looking into home financing options. That’s because this rate will affect the monthly payments and total interest paid over the course of the loan.  ## What Is a Jumbo Mortgage? A jumbo mortgage, or jumbo loan, is a type of loan that exceeds value limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). These types of mortgages aren’t guaranteed, purchased, or sold by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, both government-sponsored entities.  These limits vary based on where you live. In general, areas with a higher cost of living will have higher limits. As of 2024, FHFA set the [conforming loan limit](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/conformingloanlimit.asp) at $766,550 (single-family homes) for most U.S. counties. There is an exception where there are higher home values, and the limit is increased to $1,149,825. Anything above these numbers is a jumbo mortgage. ## How Are Jumbo Mortgage Rates Set? Like conventional mortgages, rates are influenced based on the Federal Reserve benchmarks and on individual factors such as the borrower's credit score. Jumbo mortgage rates will rise and fall in line with the Fed's short-term interest rates. Additionally, since these loans are more than half a million dollars and pose a great risk to lenders, borrowers will face more rigorous credit requirements. This includes having a much higher credit score (often at least 700) and a lower debt-to-income ratio. Lenders will also want borrowers to prove they have certain cash reserves. The better your credit profile, the lower your jumbo mortgage rate. ## Does the Federal Reserve Decide Mortgage Rates? The [Federal Reserve](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/federal-reserve-monetary-policy/) doesn’t determine mortgage rates directly. Instead, it influences the rate indirectly by deciding on short-term interest rates. These rates are ones that financial institutions use to borrow from each other and which the government issues short-term bonds.  Ultimately, the Federal Reserve uses these rates to help guide the economy by encouraging growth and controlling inflation. Lowering rates is often a sign of trying to stimulate the economy with new big-ticket purchases such as homes. Whenever the Federal Open Market Committee decides to raise or lower short-term interest rates, lenders raise or lower theirs accordingly. ## What Is a Good Jumbo Mortgage Rate? What's considered a good jumbo mortgage rate will depend on your individual credit profile. Just because you see low advertised rates doesn't mean you'll get that rate. The best rates are offered to those with excellent credit, a sizable amount of assets, and a low [debt-to-income ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/081214/whats-considered-be-good-debttoincome-dti-ratio.asp), among other factors.  ## Do Different Mortgage Types Have Different Rates? Various mortgage types offer different rates. Conventional, fixed-rate mortgages usually have different rates between loan terms; longer terms hold higher interest rates than shorter terms. For instance, a 15-year mortgage usually has lower rates than a 30-year term. Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, have different rates from fixed-rate mortgages. ARM loans usually have lower initial interest rates, making payments more manageable early in the loan term. After a predetermined period of time, the rate goes up or down depending on the current market conditions. For example, a 5/1 arm has an initial fixed period of five years followed by an adjustable rate that resets every year. A 7/1 arm would instead have a seven-year fixed period, while a 3/2 ARM would see rates adjust every two years following an initial 3-year period of fixed rates. Jumbo mortgages also have different rates than conforming mortgages, usually higher than conforming mortgages because of the risk associated with a larger loan balance. ## Are Interest Rate and APR the Same? Borrowers may notice some lenders offer [interest rates and annual percentage rates](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100314/what-difference-between-interest-rate-and-annual-percentage-rate-apr.asp) (APR) that are similar, but they are in fact two different things. The interest rate, expressed as a percentage, is the amount a lender intends to charge borrowers for the amount lent (known as the [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/calculate-principal-and-interest-5211981)). The APR, also expressed as a percentage, includes the interest rate plus all lender charges rolled into the loan, such as application fees, broker fees, origination fees, and any mortgage points.  APRs tend to be higher than their corresponding interest rates. When they are similar, it means the mortgage has fewer added costs rolled into the loan. The lower the APR, the fewer borrowers pay for the loan over the course of the contract term. ## How Do I Qualify for Better Jumbo Mortgage Rates? Due to the more stringent requirements in qualifying for a jumbo mortgage, borrowers need to have a high credit score, a low debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, and plenty of assets or cash reserves. In other words, lenders want borrowers to prove they’re financially stable and creditworthy enough to take out a jumbo loan since they can’t sell their loans to [Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/fannie-mae-freddie-mac-credit-crisis.asp) to offload some risks.  Many lenders want to see scores of 700 or more to offer competitive rates. To raise yours, first, see where you stand. You can get a free credit report from all three major credit bureaus—Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion—from AnnualCreditReport.com. Make sure all the information on your reports is accurate. Otherwise, contact the credit reporting bureau and the appropriate creditor of any discrepancies to contest it.  There are plenty of ways to raise or maintain your credit score, but the most effective way is to ensure you’re paying down your debt and making on-time payments. Other actions include not taking out any additional loans or debts when applying for a mortgage. As for your DTI, this ratio is a percentage of your gross income that goes toward paying your monthly debt obligations. Lenders look at this number to determine whether you can afford your mortgage payments. Lenders want borrowers to have a DTI of no more than 43% but ideally seek DTI ratios of 36% or less. Lenders also look at a [front-end DTI](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/front-end-debt-to-income-ratio.asp), which calculates how much of your gross income goes toward housing. To [calculate](https://www.investopedia.com/mortgage-calculator-5084794) the front end, divide all your housing expenses (including mortgage payments and homeowners insurance) by your gross income. Lenders prefer that this number is no more than 28% of your total income. If your DTI is high, you can lower that amount by increasing your income or paying down more of your existing debt. Other ways to help you qualify for better jumbo mortgage rates include having more cash reserves. Larger amounts of assets show lenders that, if need be, you can draw from these reserves to pay your monthly mortgage payments. Mortgage lenders may not require a huge down payment (some may ask for 10% down), but to avoid the cost of private mortgage insurance and increase your chances of getting a better rate, aiming for 20% down is a good idea.  ## How Big a Mortgage Can I Afford? How much you can borrow will depend on factors such as your credit score, income, assets, and property value. Jumbo mortgages are generally the best for someone who is a high-income earner—essentially, someone who can afford the higher payments. Even if lenders offer a specific loan amount, it doesn't mean you need to purchase a home up to that limit. Carefully consider how much you want to pay and can easily afford so that you can achieve your other financial goals, like saving for retirement. A good rule of thumb is to use the front-end DTI to determine your maximum affordability, which shouldn't exceed 28% of your income. ## What Are Mortgage Points? Also referred to as discount points, mortgage points are a fee borrowers pay lenders in order to receive a lower interest rate. In other words, you are prepaying interest for a period of time in order to pay less on the overall lifetime costs of your loan. One mortgage point costs 1% of your loan amount. For instance, if you take out a loan for $600,000, you’ll pay $6,000 to reduce your rate by 0.25%. It may not seem like a huge amount, but it can add up to tens of thousands of dollars in interest over the life of the loan.  For example, you take out a $600,000 mortgage with 20% down and at an interest rate of 3.25%. With a 30-year jumbo loan, you’ll pay $272,036.52 in interest. In contrast, if you paid $6,000 to lower the rate to 3%, you’ll end up paying $248,531.77 in interest, a savings of $23,504.75. ## Should I Get a Jumbo Mortgage? The decision to take out a jumbo mortgage is a decision not to be taken lightly. That’s why it’s important to understand what lenders are looking for when it comes to these types of mortgages as well as making sure that you can afford the monthly payments. With homes that have a higher value, home insurance and maintenance needs may also be more expensive, so don’t forget to factor these costs into your budget.  If you do decide to move forward, you’ll probably face a more complicated and involved process in order for a lender to approve a loan. That’s why shopping around is crucial—finding the right lender offers you the best chance of purchasing your dream home. ## How We Track the Best Jumbo Mortgage Rates In order to assess the best jumbo mortgage rates, we first needed to create a credit profile. This profile included a credit score ranging from 700 to 760 with a property loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%. With this profile, we averaged the lowest rates offered by more than 200 of the nation’s top lenders. As such, these rates are representative of what real consumers will see when shopping for a mortgage.  Keep in mind that mortgage rates may change daily and this data is intended to be for informational purposes only. A person’s personal credit and income profile will be the deciding factors in what loan rates and terms they are able to get. Loan rates do not include amounts for taxes or insurance premiums and individual lender terms will apply. 
As of May 21, 2024, the jumbo 30-year fixed mortgage rate is 7.09%, and the jumbo 15-year rate is 7.02%. These rates are not the teaser rates you may see advertised online and, based on our methodology, should be more representative of what customers could expect to be quoted depending on their qualifications. You can learn more about what makes our rates different in the Methodology section of this page. A mortgage rate is the amount of interest lenders charge on a home loan and may differ depending on the amount you borrow and whether you opt for a fixed- or adjustable-rate mortgage. Jumbo mortgage rates are rates associated with jumbo loans. Jumbo loans exceed the 2024 limits of conforming loans: $766,550 for single-family homes or $1,149,825 in locations with higher home values. Those looking for high-value homes will purchase them through a jumbo loan with a corresponding jumbo loan rate. Editor's Note Our daily mortgage rate averages are based on data from Zillow Group Marketplace. As this involves a different rate source and methodology, the averages will not directly align with those we published prior to May 1, 2024. All the historical data and analysis in this article and future articles is also based on this new data source. While rates are often similar to those for conforming loans, they can be higher, leading to more interest paid over the loan. To qualify, borrowers must have a good credit profile with a low debt-to-income ratio and a higher credit score. If you’re considering taking out a jumbo loan, check out the rates below to determine the best course of action for your borrowing needs. Today's Jumbo Mortgage Rates National averages of the lowest jumbo mortgage rates offered by more than 200 of the country's top lenders, with a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%, an applicant with a FICO credit score of 700-760, and no mortgage points. Loan Type Purchase Refinance Jumbo 30-Year Fixed 7.09% 7.43% Jumbo 15-Year Fixed 7.02% 6.47% Jumbo 7/6 ARM 7.54% 8.03% Jumbo 5/6 ARM 7.89% 7.72% Source: Bankrate (Note, these rates do not include private mortgage insurance (PMI). Today's Rates for All Mortgage Loan Types National averages of the lowest rates offered by more than 200 of the country's top lenders, with a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%, an applicant with a FICO credit score of 700-760, and no mortgage points. Loan Type Purchase Refinance 30-Year Fixed 6.97% 6.94% FHA 30-Year Fixed 6.78% 6.60% VA 30-Year Fixed 6.34% 6.23% 20-Year Fixed 6.64% 6.81% 15-Year Fixed 6.15% 6.25% FHA 15-Year Fixed 7.23% 6.33% 10-Year Fixed 5.85% 6.12% 7/6 ARM 7.62% 7.62% 5/6 ARM 7.80% 7.65% Jumbo 30-Year Fixed 7.09% 7.43% Jumbo 15-Year Fixed 7.02% 6.47% Jumbo 7/6 ARM 7.54% 8.03% Jumbo 5/6 ARM 7.89% 7.72% Source: Bankrate (Note, these rates do not include private mortgage insurance (PMI). What Is a Mortgage Rate? Home loans come with a mortgage rate, which is the amount of interest borrowers are charged in exchange for the amount lent by the financing company. Rates can be fixed or adjustable. Fixed rates won’t change throughout the mortgage term, while adjustable-rate mortgages fluctuate based on a benchmark rate for the duration of the mortgage term—usually every six months or a year.The mortgage rate is one of the most important features for borrowers looking into home financing options. That’s because this rate will affect the monthly payments and total interest paid over the course of the loan.  What Is a Jumbo Mortgage? A jumbo mortgage, or jumbo loan, is a type of loan that exceeds value limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). These types of mortgages aren’t guaranteed, purchased, or sold by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, both government-sponsored entities. These limits vary based on where you live. In general, areas with a higher cost of living will have higher limits. As of 2024, FHFA set the conforming loan limit at $766,550 (single-family homes) for most U.S. counties. There is an exception where there are higher home values, and the limit is increased to $1,149,825. Anything above these numbers is a jumbo mortgage. How Are Jumbo Mortgage Rates Set? Like conventional mortgages, rates are influenced based on the Federal Reserve benchmarks and on individual factors such as the borrower's credit score. Jumbo mortgage rates will rise and fall in line with the Fed's short-term interest rates.Additionally, since these loans are more than half a million dollars and pose a great risk to lenders, borrowers will face more rigorous credit requirements. This includes having a much higher credit score (often at least 700) and a lower debt-to-income ratio. Lenders will also want borrowers to prove they have certain cash reserves. The better your credit profile, the lower your jumbo mortgage rate. Does the Federal Reserve Decide Mortgage Rates? The Federal Reserve doesn’t determine mortgage rates directly. Instead, it influences the rate indirectly by deciding on short-term interest rates. These rates are ones that financial institutions use to borrow from each other and which the government issues short-term bonds. Ultimately, the Federal Reserve uses these rates to help guide the economy by encouraging growth and controlling inflation. Lowering rates is often a sign of trying to stimulate the economy with new big-ticket purchases such as homes.Whenever the Federal Open Market Committee decides to raise or lower short-term interest rates, lenders raise or lower theirs accordingly. What Is a Good Jumbo Mortgage Rate? What's considered a good jumbo mortgage rate will depend on your individual credit profile. Just because you see low advertised rates doesn't mean you'll get that rate. The best rates are offered to those with excellent credit, a sizable amount of assets, and a low debt-to-income ratio, among other factors.  Do Different Mortgage Types Have Different Rates? Various mortgage types offer different rates. Conventional, fixed-rate mortgages usually have different rates between loan terms; longer terms hold higher interest rates than shorter terms. For instance, a 15-year mortgage usually has lower rates than a 30-year term.Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, have different rates from fixed-rate mortgages. ARM loans usually have lower initial interest rates, making payments more manageable early in the loan term. After a predetermined period of time, the rate goes up or down depending on the current market conditions. For example, a 5/1 arm has an initial fixed period of five years followed by an adjustable rate that resets every year. A 7/1 arm would instead have a seven-year fixed period, while a 3/2 ARM would see rates adjust every two years following an initial 3-year period of fixed rates.Jumbo mortgages also have different rates than conforming mortgages, usually higher than conforming mortgages because of the risk associated with a larger loan balance. Are Interest Rate and APR the Same? Borrowers may notice some lenders offer interest rates and annual percentage rates (APR) that are similar, but they are in fact two different things. The interest rate, expressed as a percentage, is the amount a lender intends to charge borrowers for the amount lent (known as the principal). The APR, also expressed as a percentage, includes the interest rate plus all lender charges rolled into the loan, such as application fees, broker fees, origination fees, and any mortgage points. APRs tend to be higher than their corresponding interest rates. When they are similar, it means the mortgage has fewer added costs rolled into the loan. The lower the APR, the fewer borrowers pay for the loan over the course of the contract term. How Do I Qualify for Better Jumbo Mortgage Rates? Due to the more stringent requirements in qualifying for a jumbo mortgage, borrowers need to have a high credit score, a low debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, and plenty of assets or cash reserves. In other words, lenders want borrowers to prove they’re financially stable and creditworthy enough to take out a jumbo loan since they can’t sell their loans to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac to offload some risks. Many lenders want to see scores of 700 or more to offer competitive rates. To raise yours, first, see where you stand. You can get a free credit report from all three major credit bureaus—Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion—from AnnualCreditReport.com. Make sure all the information on your reports is accurate. Otherwise, contact the credit reporting bureau and the appropriate creditor of any discrepancies to contest it. There are plenty of ways to raise or maintain your credit score, but the most effective way is to ensure you’re paying down your debt and making on-time payments. Other actions include not taking out any additional loans or debts when applying for a mortgage.As for your DTI, this ratio is a percentage of your gross income that goes toward paying your monthly debt obligations. Lenders look at this number to determine whether you can afford your mortgage payments. Lenders want borrowers to have a DTI of no more than 43% but ideally seek DTI ratios of 36% or less.Lenders also look at a front-end DTI, which calculates how much of your gross income goes toward housing. To calculate the front end, divide all your housing expenses (including mortgage payments and homeowners insurance) by your gross income. Lenders prefer that this number is no more than 28% of your total income.If your DTI is high, you can lower that amount by increasing your income or paying down more of your existing debt.Other ways to help you qualify for better jumbo mortgage rates include having more cash reserves. Larger amounts of assets show lenders that, if need be, you can draw from these reserves to pay your monthly mortgage payments. Mortgage lenders may not require a huge down payment (some may ask for 10% down), but to avoid the cost of private mortgage insurance and increase your chances of getting a better rate, aiming for 20% down is a good idea.  How Big a Mortgage Can I Afford? How much you can borrow will depend on factors such as your credit score, income, assets, and property value. Jumbo mortgages are generally the best for someone who is a high-income earner—essentially, someone who can afford the higher payments.Even if lenders offer a specific loan amount, it doesn't mean you need to purchase a home up to that limit. Carefully consider how much you want to pay and can easily afford so that you can achieve your other financial goals, like saving for retirement. A good rule of thumb is to use the front-end DTI to determine your maximum affordability, which shouldn't exceed 28% of your income. What Are Mortgage Points? Also referred to as discount points, mortgage points are a fee borrowers pay lenders in order to receive a lower interest rate. In other words, you are prepaying interest for a period of time in order to pay less on the overall lifetime costs of your loan.One mortgage point costs 1% of your loan amount. For instance, if you take out a loan for $600,000, you’ll pay $6,000 to reduce your rate by 0.25%. It may not seem like a huge amount, but it can add up to tens of thousands of dollars in interest over the life of the loan. For example, you take out a $600,000 mortgage with 20% down and at an interest rate of 3.25%. With a 30-year jumbo loan, you’ll pay $272,036.52 in interest. In contrast, if you paid $6,000 to lower the rate to 3%, you’ll end up paying $248,531.77 in interest, a savings of $23,504.75. Should I Get a Jumbo Mortgage? The decision to take out a jumbo mortgage is a decision not to be taken lightly. That’s why it’s important to understand what lenders are looking for when it comes to these types of mortgages as well as making sure that you can afford the monthly payments. With homes that have a higher value, home insurance and maintenance needs may also be more expensive, so don’t forget to factor these costs into your budget. If you do decide to move forward, you’ll probably face a more complicated and involved process in order for a lender to approve a loan. That’s why shopping around is crucial—finding the right lender offers you the best chance of purchasing your dream home. How We Track the Best Jumbo Mortgage Rates In order to assess the best jumbo mortgage rates, we first needed to create a credit profile. This profile included a credit score ranging from 700 to 760 with a property loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80%. With this profile, we averaged the lowest rates offered by more than 200 of the nation’s top lenders. As such, these rates are representative of what real consumers will see when shopping for a mortgage.  Keep in mind that mortgage rates may change daily and this data is intended to be for informational purposes only. A person’s personal credit and income profile will be the deciding factors in what loan rates and terms they are able to get. Loan rates do not include amounts for taxes or insurance premiums and individual lender terms will apply. 
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https://www.investopedia.com/options-trading-hits-record-highs-5203209
Options Trading Hits Record Highs, Triggering Volatility Concerns
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/option.asp">Options</a> are now all the rage among regular retail investors. These financial instruments—which essentially give you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security at a predetermined price prior to or on an <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expirationdate.asp">expiration date</a>—used to be exclusively the domain of expert traders. Now everyone appears to want a piece of the action and make a quick buck off of share price movement without having to cough up the full cost of buying company stock. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Daily options trading activity has hit record levels so far this year.</li><li>Retail investors are getting in on the action due to greater accessibility, lower commission fees, and growing awareness of the benefits options bring.</li><li>Some analysts have warned that heightened activity in the options market will lead to greater swings in the stock market.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-record-year-for-options-trading"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Record Year for Options Trading </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> According to Cboe Global Markets, 2021 has been a breakout year for these <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp">derivative</a> contracts. Data from the owner of the Chicago Board Options Exchange and BATS Global Markets indicates that nine of 10 of the most active <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/calloption.asp">call options</a> trading days in history have occurred this year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> These findings, reported in the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/individuals-embrace-options-trading-turbocharging-stock-markets-11632661201">Wall Street Journal</a>, are reinforced by figures from the Options Clearing Corporation, which found that a record 39 million options contracts have changed hands on an average day this year. This trading activity represents a 31% increase on 2020 and the highest amount ever recorded since exchange-traded options first started trading back in 1973. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Options trading has become so popular that the current value of these contracts in circulation has surpassed that of stocks. Cboe, as reported by the Wall Street Journal, revealed that so far this month, up until Sept. 22, single stock options with a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/notionalvalue.asp">notional value</a> of roughly $6.9 trillion had changed hands, versus $5.8 trillion in company shares. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> Big tech companies such as Apple Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AAPL">AAPL</a>) and Tesla, Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=TSLA">TSLA</a>) are among the list of stocks that have attracted significant interest from options traders. According to analysis from the Wall Street Journal, Apple options with a notional value in excess of $20 billion have changed hands daily this year, compared with roughly $12 billion of the iPhone maker's stock. Activity in Tesla has been even higher. About $80 billion worth of options in the electric carmaker has reportedly changed hands daily in 2021, representing approximately quadruple the value traded in its stock. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-are-options-now-so-popular"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why Are Options Now So Popular? </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> The growing popularity of options among retail investors has been credited to greater accessibility and awareness of the benefits they bring. Investors can use these instruments to effectively bet on the future price direction of stocks at a much smaller outlay. All they need to pay is a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/option-premium.asp">premium</a><strong> </strong>to the other party in the trade to secure the option to later buy or sell shares in a company at a fixed price. They can even sell the investment to another investor to make a quick profit and only stand to lose the premium spent if things go pear-shaped. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> Nowadays, online brokerages provide access to the options markets without charging an arm and leg in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp">commissions</a>. This has helped to push this type of trading into the mainstream, as has a growing number of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp">exchange-traded funds</a> (ETFs) and mutual funds using options-related strategies to enhance portfolio returns. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-side-effects-of-increased-options-trading"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Side Effects of Increased Options Trading </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> While it's hard to argue with the advantages that options can provide to sensible investors, there are growing concerns that the recent spike in activity could create problems. A common worry is that options promote short-termism and greater <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp">volatility</a> in stock markets. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> In its article, the Wall Street Journal claimed that the rapid rise in Gamestop Corp.'s (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=gme">GME</a>) share price was triggered in part by lots of call options being made on the stock. Generally, when investors pay for the possibility to buy shares at a fixed price on a later date, the sellers of these options will buy to <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp">hedge</a> their position, further contributing to rising markets. The same applies to downturns. Should lots of investors start buying bearish <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/putoption.asp">put options</a>, it could exacerbate the sell-off of company shares. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> Another big concern is that recent success stories about options investments will prompt other people to jump into the derivatives market without understanding the terms and full implications. Options are relatively straightforward in nature. However, it's important to understand them before investing and be aware that they—like any other investment product—can cause losses.<br/> </p> <div class="comp news-tip mntl-block" id="news-tip_1-0"><div class="comp news-tip__text mntl-text-block" id="news-tip__text_1-0">Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at</div> <a class="news-tip__email mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="mailto:[email protected]" id="news-tip__email_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">[email protected]</span></a></div></div>
[Options](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/option.asp) are now all the rage among regular retail investors. These financial instruments—which essentially give you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security at a predetermined price prior to or on an [expiration date](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expirationdate.asp)—used to be exclusively the domain of expert traders. Now everyone appears to want a piece of the action and make a quick buck off of share price movement without having to cough up the full cost of buying company stock. ### Key Takeaways * Daily options trading activity has hit record levels so far this year. * Retail investors are getting in on the action due to greater accessibility, lower commission fees, and growing awareness of the benefits options bring. * Some analysts have warned that heightened activity in the options market will lead to greater swings in the stock market. ## Record Year for Options Trading According to Cboe Global Markets, 2021 has been a breakout year for these [derivative](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp) contracts. Data from the owner of the Chicago Board Options Exchange and BATS Global Markets indicates that nine of 10 of the most active [call options](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/calloption.asp) trading days in history have occurred this year. These findings, reported in the [Wall Street Journal](https://www.wsj.com/articles/individuals-embrace-options-trading-turbocharging-stock-markets-11632661201), are reinforced by figures from the Options Clearing Corporation, which found that a record 39 million options contracts have changed hands on an average day this year. This trading activity represents a 31% increase on 2020 and the highest amount ever recorded since exchange-traded options first started trading back in 1973. Options trading has become so popular that the current value of these contracts in circulation has surpassed that of stocks. Cboe, as reported by the Wall Street Journal, revealed that so far this month, up until Sept. 22, single stock options with a [notional value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/notionalvalue.asp) of roughly $6.9 trillion had changed hands, versus $5.8 trillion in company shares. Big tech companies such as Apple Inc. ([AAPL](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AAPL)) and Tesla, Inc. ([TSLA](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=TSLA)) are among the list of stocks that have attracted significant interest from options traders. According to analysis from the Wall Street Journal, Apple options with a notional value in excess of $20 billion have changed hands daily this year, compared with roughly $12 billion of the iPhone maker's stock. Activity in Tesla has been even higher. About $80 billion worth of options in the electric carmaker has reportedly changed hands daily in 2021, representing approximately quadruple the value traded in its stock. ## Why Are Options Now So Popular? The growing popularity of options among retail investors has been credited to greater accessibility and awareness of the benefits they bring. Investors can use these instruments to effectively bet on the future price direction of stocks at a much smaller outlay. All they need to pay is a [premium](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/option-premium.asp)to the other party in the trade to secure the option to later buy or sell shares in a company at a fixed price. They can even sell the investment to another investor to make a quick profit and only stand to lose the premium spent if things go pear-shaped. Nowadays, online brokerages provide access to the options markets without charging an arm and leg in [commissions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp). This has helped to push this type of trading into the mainstream, as has a growing number of [exchange-traded funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp) (ETFs) and mutual funds using options-related strategies to enhance portfolio returns. ## Side Effects of Increased Options Trading While it's hard to argue with the advantages that options can provide to sensible investors, there are growing concerns that the recent spike in activity could create problems. A common worry is that options promote short-termism and greater [volatility](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp) in stock markets. In its article, the Wall Street Journal claimed that the rapid rise in Gamestop Corp.'s ([GME](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=gme)) share price was triggered in part by lots of call options being made on the stock. Generally, when investors pay for the possibility to buy shares at a fixed price on a later date, the sellers of these options will buy to [hedge](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp) their position, further contributing to rising markets. The same applies to downturns. Should lots of investors start buying bearish [put options](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/putoption.asp), it could exacerbate the sell-off of company shares. Another big concern is that recent success stories about options investments will prompt other people to jump into the derivatives market without understanding the terms and full implications. Options are relatively straightforward in nature. However, it's important to understand them before investing and be aware that they—like any other investment product—can cause losses. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Options are now all the rage among regular retail investors. These financial instruments—which essentially give you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security at a predetermined price prior to or on an expiration date—used to be exclusively the domain of expert traders. Now everyone appears to want a piece of the action and make a quick buck off of share price movement without having to cough up the full cost of buying company stock. Key Takeaways Daily options trading activity has hit record levels so far this year.Retail investors are getting in on the action due to greater accessibility, lower commission fees, and growing awareness of the benefits options bring.Some analysts have warned that heightened activity in the options market will lead to greater swings in the stock market. Record Year for Options Trading According to Cboe Global Markets, 2021 has been a breakout year for these derivative contracts. Data from the owner of the Chicago Board Options Exchange and BATS Global Markets indicates that nine of 10 of the most active call options trading days in history have occurred this year. These findings, reported in the Wall Street Journal, are reinforced by figures from the Options Clearing Corporation, which found that a record 39 million options contracts have changed hands on an average day this year. This trading activity represents a 31% increase on 2020 and the highest amount ever recorded since exchange-traded options first started trading back in 1973. Options trading has become so popular that the current value of these contracts in circulation has surpassed that of stocks. Cboe, as reported by the Wall Street Journal, revealed that so far this month, up until Sept. 22, single stock options with a notional value of roughly $6.9 trillion had changed hands, versus $5.8 trillion in company shares. Big tech companies such as Apple Inc. (AAPL) and Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) are among the list of stocks that have attracted significant interest from options traders. According to analysis from the Wall Street Journal, Apple options with a notional value in excess of $20 billion have changed hands daily this year, compared with roughly $12 billion of the iPhone maker's stock. Activity in Tesla has been even higher. About $80 billion worth of options in the electric carmaker has reportedly changed hands daily in 2021, representing approximately quadruple the value traded in its stock. Why Are Options Now So Popular? The growing popularity of options among retail investors has been credited to greater accessibility and awareness of the benefits they bring. Investors can use these instruments to effectively bet on the future price direction of stocks at a much smaller outlay. All they need to pay is a premium to the other party in the trade to secure the option to later buy or sell shares in a company at a fixed price. They can even sell the investment to another investor to make a quick profit and only stand to lose the premium spent if things go pear-shaped. Nowadays, online brokerages provide access to the options markets without charging an arm and leg in commissions. This has helped to push this type of trading into the mainstream, as has a growing number of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and mutual funds using options-related strategies to enhance portfolio returns. Side Effects of Increased Options Trading While it's hard to argue with the advantages that options can provide to sensible investors, there are growing concerns that the recent spike in activity could create problems. A common worry is that options promote short-termism and greater volatility in stock markets. In its article, the Wall Street Journal claimed that the rapid rise in Gamestop Corp.'s (GME) share price was triggered in part by lots of call options being made on the stock. Generally, when investors pay for the possibility to buy shares at a fixed price on a later date, the sellers of these options will buy to hedge their position, further contributing to rising markets. The same applies to downturns. Should lots of investors start buying bearish put options, it could exacerbate the sell-off of company shares. Another big concern is that recent success stories about options investments will prompt other people to jump into the derivatives market without understanding the terms and full implications. Options are relatively straightforward in nature. However, it's important to understand them before investing and be aware that they—like any other investment product—can cause losses. Do you have a news tip for Investopedia reporters? Please email us at [email protected]
[ [ "Options", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/option.asp" ], [ "expiration date", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expirationdate.asp" ], [ "derivative", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/derivative.asp" ], [ "call options", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/calloption.asp" ], [ "Wall Street Journal", "https://www.wsj.com/articles/individuals-embrace-options-trading-turbocharging-stock-markets-11632661201" ], [ "notional value", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/notionalvalue.asp" ], [ "AAPL", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=AAPL" ], [ "TSLA", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=TSLA" ], [ "premium", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/option-premium.asp" ], [ "commissions", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp" ], [ "exchange-traded funds", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp" ], [ "volatility", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volatility.asp" ], [ "GME", "https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=gme" ], [ "hedge", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp" ], [ "put options", "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/putoption.asp" ], [ "[email protected]", "mailto:[email protected]" ] ]
https://www.investopedia.com/pre-tax-and-roth-contributions-5219963
What’s the Difference Between Pretax and Roth Contributions?
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Choosing the right type of tax advantage for your retirement savings plan can have a significant impact on your return on investment (ROI) and current budget. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> Some retirement plans offer tax advantages by allowing you to deduct the contributions from your taxable income for the year when you make them. With other plans—typically <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rothira.asp">Roth individual retirement accounts (Roth IRAs)</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roth401k.asp">Roth 401(k)s</a>—you make contributions with after-tax funds. Keep in mind that you're able to make all withdrawals in retirement, including any earnings, tax-free.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> Each type of tax advantage has its pros and cons. You can also choose to split your contributions between pretax and after-tax accounts. Learn more about how pretax and after-tax contributions work and which type(s) of retirement plan may be right for your situation. That way, you can better maximize your return and stay in good financial health as you reach your retirement goals. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul><li>Choosing the right retirement account can impact your return on investment and budget.</li><li>You can make contributions to a tax-advantaged retirement fund with pretax or after-tax income.</li><li>Traditional individual retirement accounts and 401(k)s generally allow you to deduct your contributions from your taxable income for the year when you contribute.</li><li>With Roth accounts, you contribute income that has been taxed, but you can withdraw those contributions and their earnings from your account in retirement without paying taxes.</li><li>You must be at least 59½ years old to withdraw funds from a traditional IRA or 401(k) account with no penalties.</li></ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-pretax-and-roth-contributions-work"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How Pretax and Roth Contributions Work </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Whether you make <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pretaxcontribution.asp">pretax contributions</a> to a traditional account or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aftertaxcontribution.asp">after-tax contributions</a> to a Roth account, you can enjoy a tax benefit. But what kind of tax advantage you receive will depend on which <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/06/addroths.asp">type of account you choose</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Pretax Contributions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"> With pretax contributions, your tax advantage is immediate. You can deduct your contributions from your taxable income and lower your tax bill for the year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> This can help provide you with the additional <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp">cash flow</a> you may need to pay for other expenses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> For an immediate tax break, you can make pretax contributions to a retirement account like a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/traditionalira.asp">traditional IRA</a> or <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp">401(k)</a>. Note that when you withdraw your funds in retirement, the money (and everything it earned while it was in the account) is taxed as income according to your income <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp">tax bracket</a> at the time.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> There’s another point that only applies to traditional IRAs: If you or your spouse has a retirement plan at work, the tax deduction for contributions may be limited to or unavailable if your income is above certain levels.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span> Even if that’s the case, you would still have tax-free growth of your contributions once they are in your traditional IRA until the money is withdrawn. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> You cannot withdraw money from a traditional retirement account before you are age 59½ or you will face penalties.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span> You must also start taking <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/requiredminimumdistribution.asp">required minimum distributions (RMDs)</a> by a certain age. The rules change based on your age: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <li>If you turn 73 on or after Jan. 1, 2023, you must begin taking RMDs beginning April 1 of the following year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span></li><li>If you turned 72 between Jan. 1, 2020, and Dec. 31, 2022, RMDs begin April 1 of the following year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>To calculate the difference in savings between a pretax traditional IRA and an after-tax Roth IRA, use one of many free online calculators available from numerous banks and credit unions.<br/></p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Roth Contributions </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> With contributions made to Roth accounts, the money is included in your <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxableincome.asp">taxable income</a> for that year, so you do not see an immediate tax advantage.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span> However, during retirement, you can make withdrawals from a Roth account tax-free, including any gains that your investments may have made.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> For investors with a longer investing horizon or for those who have more time for their investments to grow, a Roth account made with after-tax funds can potentially offer more tax advantages in retirement. After all, even if a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp">portfolio</a> makes significant gains, investors will not have to pay taxes when they withdraw them. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> Another benefit: You can withdraw your contributions to a Roth IRA at any time because you have already paid taxes on them. However, you must wait until you are 59½ and had the account for more than <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/waitingperiodroth.asp#toc-5-year-rule-for-roth-ira-withdrawals">five years</a> before you can also withdraw the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earnings.asp">earnings</a> tax-free. If you make a withdrawal before then, you have to pay taxes on the earnings. What’s more, Roth IRAs do not require any withdrawals until the death of the owner of the account.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> Keep in mind there are thresholds that apply. There is, however, a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backdoor-roth-ira.asp">Roth backdoor strategy</a> that does allow taxpayers at all income levels to convert traditional IRA funds to Roths.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>Roth IRAs do not have a required minimum distribution during the owner’s lifetime. If you can afford to, you can keep your funds growing tax free until your death, when your account will be cashed out and passed to your heirs.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-pretax-contributions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages and Disadvantages of Pretax Contributions </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Advantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"> The main advantage to making pretax contributions to a traditional IRA or 401(k) is that it generally lowers your tax bill for that year. How much you end up saving depends on the amount you contribute and your taxable income bracket for that year. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"> With accounts that take pretax contributions, you typically must begin to take a minimum distribution <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/secure-2-0-definition-5225115">starting at age 73</a> or 72, depending on when you were born. You may get an exception to this rule for just the retirement plan at your current employer if you are still working.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Disadvantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> Because you made your contributions using pretax dollars, any money you withdraw during retirement is taxed. The amount you're taxed depends on the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp">tax bracket</a> in which you fall. If you are younger with a longer investing horizon, the savings that you could secure in retirement by contributing to a Roth account now could be substantially more than the savings you would get with pretax contributions. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"> You can contribute up to $7,000 to a traditional IRA or up to $23,000 to a 401(k) for 2024. The catchup contributions for people ages 50 and older are $1,000 for IRAs and $7,500 for 401(k)s.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> Keep in mind that there are no income limitations for contributing to a traditional account, but the deductibility of traditional IRA contributions can be affected by whether you or your spouse has a retirement plan at work.<br> </br></p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_48-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Lowers your taxable income and annual tax bill</p></li> <li><p>Required minimum distributions begin a certain age</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Withdrawals are taxed as income</p></li> <li><p>Contribution limits</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-roth-contributions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Advantages and Disadvantages of Roth Contributions </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Advantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> The biggest benefit to Roth accounts is that they allow earnings on your investments to grow tax-free. No matter how significant your gains are, you will not have to pay taxes on them when you withdraw the funds in retirement. Getting tax-free income in your retirement years can be a tremendous advantage in helping you pay your expenses. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"> You can also withdraw any contributions you make to your Roth accounts without any penalties or taxes. Keep in mind that this doesn't apply to the earnings on those contributions. If you withdraw those, you will be taxed and may have to pay a penalty.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> Roth IRAs also have no required minimum distributions, as noted below<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span>. And, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/designated-roth-account.asp">designated Roth 401(k)</a> accounts—unlike Roth IRAs—have no income limitations for participation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Disadvantages </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"> The major disadvantage to contributing to a Roth account with after-tax funds instead of a traditional account is that your tax advantages will be delayed until your retirement years. So, you cannot lower your tax bill for the year when you make the contribution. If you have a tight cash flow and carry high-interest debt, not getting a tax benefit can be a significant downside to contributing to a Roth. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> Another potential downside is that Roth IRAs have income limits. For 2024, you can contibute a reduced amount if you have a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp">modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)</a> of $230,000 and $240,000 if you are married filing jointly. You cannot contribute if you make above $240,000. For single tax filers, the phase out range is $77,000 and $87,000. If your income is higher, you cannot contribute.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> Designated Roth 401(k) accounts have an RMD as long as you’re not working for that company and are not a 5% owner of the issuing company.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros </span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Earnings grow tax-free<br/></p></li> <li><p>No RMDs</p></li> <li><p>Contributions can be withdrawn at any time without any taxes or penalties<br/></p></li> <li><p>Certain Roth accounts have no income thresholds to contribute</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>After-tax dollars delays your tax benefits</p></li> <li><p>Income thresholds limit who can contribute</p></li> <li><p>Designated Roth 401(k)s have an RMD in certain cases</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-make-both-pretax-and-roth-contributions"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Make Both Pretax and Roth Contributions?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You can make contributions to both a pretax traditional account and a Roth account in each category but your total contributions must not go over the (IRS) maximum contribution limits for each type of account. For example, for 2024, you could split the $23,000 contribution limit between a traditional 401(k) and a designated Roth 401(k).<br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-max-out-both-types-of-accounts-in-one-year"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Max Out Both Types of Accounts in One Year?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>If you have a traditional and a Roth IRA, you can contribute only up to the total maximum for both accounts combined. So, for 2024, the most that an individual under age 50 can contribute is $7,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> This means you can contribute $3,500 to both a traditional and a Roth IRA, but you cannot contribute $7,000 to both. In addition, you could also max out the approved contribution amount to 401(k)s, splitting them between traditional and designated Roth 401(k)s.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_72-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-switch-a-traditional-ira-to-a-roth-ira"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Switch a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>You can <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-do-a-rothira-rollover-4770219">roll funds from a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA</a>. This can be a good strategy if you expect your tax bracket to be higher in the future. Keep in mind, though, that you’ll owe tax on any amount that you convert and the bill can be high. You may want to consult a tax advisor before enacting this strategy.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> The key to saving for your retirement is to start as soon as possible. Choosing the right type of retirement plan, whether it’s one using pretax money or after-tax contributions—or both—can help you meet your financial goals. Consider consulting a financial advisor for guidance on which type of plan best suits your needs.<br/> </p></div>
Choosing the right type of tax advantage for your retirement savings plan can have a significant impact on your return on investment (ROI) and current budget. Some retirement plans offer tax advantages by allowing you to deduct the contributions from your taxable income for the year when you make them. With other plans—typically [Roth individual retirement accounts (Roth IRAs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rothira.asp) or [Roth 401(k)s](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roth401k.asp)—you make contributions with after-tax funds. Keep in mind that you're able to make all withdrawals in retirement, including any earnings, tax-free. Each type of tax advantage has its pros and cons. You can also choose to split your contributions between pretax and after-tax accounts. Learn more about how pretax and after-tax contributions work and which type(s) of retirement plan may be right for your situation. That way, you can better maximize your return and stay in good financial health as you reach your retirement goals. ### Key Takeaways * Choosing the right retirement account can impact your return on investment and budget. * You can make contributions to a tax-advantaged retirement fund with pretax or after-tax income. * Traditional individual retirement accounts and 401(k)s generally allow you to deduct your contributions from your taxable income for the year when you contribute. * With Roth accounts, you contribute income that has been taxed, but you can withdraw those contributions and their earnings from your account in retirement without paying taxes. * You must be at least 59½ years old to withdraw funds from a traditional IRA or 401(k) account with no penalties. ## How Pretax and Roth Contributions Work Whether you make [pretax contributions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pretaxcontribution.asp) to a traditional account or [after-tax contributions](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aftertaxcontribution.asp) to a Roth account, you can enjoy a tax benefit. But what kind of tax advantage you receive will depend on which [type of account you choose](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/retirement/06/addroths.asp). ### Pretax Contributions With pretax contributions, your tax advantage is immediate. You can deduct your contributions from your taxable income and lower your tax bill for the year. This can help provide you with the additional [cash flow](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashflow.asp) you may need to pay for other expenses. For an immediate tax break, you can make pretax contributions to a retirement account like a [traditional IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/traditionalira.asp) or [401(k)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/401kplan.asp). Note that when you withdraw your funds in retirement, the money (and everything it earned while it was in the account) is taxed as income according to your income [tax bracket](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp) at the time. There’s another point that only applies to traditional IRAs: If you or your spouse has a retirement plan at work, the tax deduction for contributions may be limited to or unavailable if your income is above certain levels. Even if that’s the case, you would still have tax-free growth of your contributions once they are in your traditional IRA until the money is withdrawn. You cannot withdraw money from a traditional retirement account before you are age 59½ or you will face penalties. You must also start taking [required minimum distributions (RMDs)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/requiredminimumdistribution.asp) by a certain age. The rules change based on your age: * If you turn 73 on or after Jan. 1, 2023, you must begin taking RMDs beginning April 1 of the following year. * If you turned 72 between Jan. 1, 2020, and Dec. 31, 2022, RMDs begin April 1 of the following year. ### To calculate the difference in savings between a pretax traditional IRA and an after-tax Roth IRA, use one of many free online calculators available from numerous banks and credit unions. ### Roth Contributions With contributions made to Roth accounts, the money is included in your [taxable income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxableincome.asp) for that year, so you do not see an immediate tax advantage. However, during retirement, you can make withdrawals from a Roth account tax-free, including any gains that your investments may have made. For investors with a longer investing horizon or for those who have more time for their investments to grow, a Roth account made with after-tax funds can potentially offer more tax advantages in retirement. After all, even if a [portfolio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio.asp) makes significant gains, investors will not have to pay taxes when they withdraw them. Another benefit: You can withdraw your contributions to a Roth IRA at any time because you have already paid taxes on them. However, you must wait until you are 59½ and had the account for more than [five years](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/waitingperiodroth.asp#toc-5-year-rule-for-roth-ira-withdrawals) before you can also withdraw the [earnings](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earnings.asp) tax-free. If you make a withdrawal before then, you have to pay taxes on the earnings. What’s more, Roth IRAs do not require any withdrawals until the death of the owner of the account. Keep in mind there are thresholds that apply. There is, however, a [Roth backdoor strategy](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backdoor-roth-ira.asp) that does allow taxpayers at all income levels to convert traditional IRA funds to Roths. ### Roth IRAs do not have a required minimum distribution during the owner’s lifetime. If you can afford to, you can keep your funds growing tax free until your death, when your account will be cashed out and passed to your heirs. ## Advantages and Disadvantages of Pretax Contributions ### Advantages The main advantage to making pretax contributions to a traditional IRA or 401(k) is that it generally lowers your tax bill for that year. How much you end up saving depends on the amount you contribute and your taxable income bracket for that year. With accounts that take pretax contributions, you typically must begin to take a minimum distribution [starting at age 73](https://www.investopedia.com/secure-2-0-definition-5225115) or 72, depending on when you were born. You may get an exception to this rule for just the retirement plan at your current employer if you are still working. ### Disadvantages Because you made your contributions using pretax dollars, any money you withdraw during retirement is taxed. The amount you're taxed depends on the [tax bracket](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxbracket.asp) in which you fall. If you are younger with a longer investing horizon, the savings that you could secure in retirement by contributing to a Roth account now could be substantially more than the savings you would get with pretax contributions. You can contribute up to $7,000 to a traditional IRA or up to $23,000 to a 401(k) for 2024. The catchup contributions for people ages 50 and older are $1,000 for IRAs and $7,500 for 401(k)s. Keep in mind that there are no income limitations for contributing to a traditional account, but the deductibility of traditional IRA contributions can be affected by whether you or your spouse has a retirement plan at work. Pros * Lowers your taxable income and annual tax bill * Required minimum distributions begin a certain age Cons * Withdrawals are taxed as income * Contribution limits ## Advantages and Disadvantages of Roth Contributions ### Advantages The biggest benefit to Roth accounts is that they allow earnings on your investments to grow tax-free. No matter how significant your gains are, you will not have to pay taxes on them when you withdraw the funds in retirement. Getting tax-free income in your retirement years can be a tremendous advantage in helping you pay your expenses. You can also withdraw any contributions you make to your Roth accounts without any penalties or taxes. Keep in mind that this doesn't apply to the earnings on those contributions. If you withdraw those, you will be taxed and may have to pay a penalty. Roth IRAs also have no required minimum distributions, as noted below. And, [designated Roth 401(k)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/designated-roth-account.asp) accounts—unlike Roth IRAs—have no income limitations for participation. ### Disadvantages The major disadvantage to contributing to a Roth account with after-tax funds instead of a traditional account is that your tax advantages will be delayed until your retirement years. So, you cannot lower your tax bill for the year when you make the contribution. If you have a tight cash flow and carry high-interest debt, not getting a tax benefit can be a significant downside to contributing to a Roth. Another potential downside is that Roth IRAs have income limits. For 2024, you can contibute a reduced amount if you have a [modified adjusted gross income (MAGI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/magi.asp) of $230,000 and $240,000 if you are married filing jointly. You cannot contribute if you make above $240,000. For single tax filers, the phase out range is $77,000 and $87,000. If your income is higher, you cannot contribute. Designated Roth 401(k) accounts have an RMD as long as you’re not working for that company and are not a 5% owner of the issuing company. Pros * Earnings grow tax-free * No RMDs * Contributions can be withdrawn at any time without any taxes or penalties * Certain Roth accounts have no income thresholds to contribute Cons * After-tax dollars delays your tax benefits * Income thresholds limit who can contribute * Designated Roth 401(k)s have an RMD in certain cases ## Can You Make Both Pretax and Roth Contributions? You can make contributions to both a pretax traditional account and a Roth account in each category but your total contributions must not go over the (IRS) maximum contribution limits for each type of account. For example, for 2024, you could split the $23,000 contribution limit between a traditional 401(k) and a designated Roth 401(k). ## Can You Max Out Both Types of Accounts in One Year? If you have a traditional and a Roth IRA, you can contribute only up to the total maximum for both accounts combined. So, for 2024, the most that an individual under age 50 can contribute is $7,000. This means you can contribute $3,500 to both a traditional and a Roth IRA, but you cannot contribute $7,000 to both. In addition, you could also max out the approved contribution amount to 401(k)s, splitting them between traditional and designated Roth 401(k)s. ## Can You Switch a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA? You can [roll funds from a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-do-a-rothira-rollover-4770219). This can be a good strategy if you expect your tax bracket to be higher in the future. Keep in mind, though, that you’ll owe tax on any amount that you convert and the bill can be high. You may want to consult a tax advisor before enacting this strategy. ## The Bottom Line The key to saving for your retirement is to start as soon as possible. Choosing the right type of retirement plan, whether it’s one using pretax money or after-tax contributions—or both—can help you meet your financial goals. Consider consulting a financial advisor for guidance on which type of plan best suits your needs.
Choosing the right type of tax advantage for your retirement savings plan can have a significant impact on your return on investment (ROI) and current budget. Some retirement plans offer tax advantages by allowing you to deduct the contributions from your taxable income for the year when you make them. With other plans—typically Roth individual retirement accounts (Roth IRAs) or Roth 401(k)s—you make contributions with after-tax funds. Keep in mind that you're able to make all withdrawals in retirement, including any earnings, tax-free. Each type of tax advantage has its pros and cons. You can also choose to split your contributions between pretax and after-tax accounts. Learn more about how pretax and after-tax contributions work and which type(s) of retirement plan may be right for your situation. That way, you can better maximize your return and stay in good financial health as you reach your retirement goals. Key Takeaways Choosing the right retirement account can impact your return on investment and budget.You can make contributions to a tax-advantaged retirement fund with pretax or after-tax income.Traditional individual retirement accounts and 401(k)s generally allow you to deduct your contributions from your taxable income for the year when you contribute.With Roth accounts, you contribute income that has been taxed, but you can withdraw those contributions and their earnings from your account in retirement without paying taxes.You must be at least 59½ years old to withdraw funds from a traditional IRA or 401(k) account with no penalties. How Pretax and Roth Contributions Work Whether you make pretax contributions to a traditional account or after-tax contributions to a Roth account, you can enjoy a tax benefit. But what kind of tax advantage you receive will depend on which type of account you choose. Pretax Contributions With pretax contributions, your tax advantage is immediate. You can deduct your contributions from your taxable income and lower your tax bill for the year. This can help provide you with the additional cash flow you may need to pay for other expenses. For an immediate tax break, you can make pretax contributions to a retirement account like a traditional IRA or 401(k). Note that when you withdraw your funds in retirement, the money (and everything it earned while it was in the account) is taxed as income according to your income tax bracket at the time. There’s another point that only applies to traditional IRAs: If you or your spouse has a retirement plan at work, the tax deduction for contributions may be limited to or unavailable if your income is above certain levels. Even if that’s the case, you would still have tax-free growth of your contributions once they are in your traditional IRA until the money is withdrawn. You cannot withdraw money from a traditional retirement account before you are age 59½ or you will face penalties. You must also start taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) by a certain age. The rules change based on your age: If you turn 73 on or after Jan. 1, 2023, you must begin taking RMDs beginning April 1 of the following year.If you turned 72 between Jan. 1, 2020, and Dec. 31, 2022, RMDs begin April 1 of the following year. To calculate the difference in savings between a pretax traditional IRA and an after-tax Roth IRA, use one of many free online calculators available from numerous banks and credit unions. Roth Contributions With contributions made to Roth accounts, the money is included in your taxable income for that year, so you do not see an immediate tax advantage. However, during retirement, you can make withdrawals from a Roth account tax-free, including any gains that your investments may have made. For investors with a longer investing horizon or for those who have more time for their investments to grow, a Roth account made with after-tax funds can potentially offer more tax advantages in retirement. After all, even if a portfolio makes significant gains, investors will not have to pay taxes when they withdraw them. Another benefit: You can withdraw your contributions to a Roth IRA at any time because you have already paid taxes on them. However, you must wait until you are 59½ and had the account for more than five years before you can also withdraw the earnings tax-free. If you make a withdrawal before then, you have to pay taxes on the earnings. What’s more, Roth IRAs do not require any withdrawals until the death of the owner of the account. Keep in mind there are thresholds that apply. There is, however, a Roth backdoor strategy that does allow taxpayers at all income levels to convert traditional IRA funds to Roths. Roth IRAs do not have a required minimum distribution during the owner’s lifetime. If you can afford to, you can keep your funds growing tax free until your death, when your account will be cashed out and passed to your heirs. Advantages and Disadvantages of Pretax Contributions Advantages The main advantage to making pretax contributions to a traditional IRA or 401(k) is that it generally lowers your tax bill for that year. How much you end up saving depends on the amount you contribute and your taxable income bracket for that year. With accounts that take pretax contributions, you typically must begin to take a minimum distribution starting at age 73 or 72, depending on when you were born. You may get an exception to this rule for just the retirement plan at your current employer if you are still working. Disadvantages Because you made your contributions using pretax dollars, any money you withdraw during retirement is taxed. The amount you're taxed depends on the tax bracket in which you fall. If you are younger with a longer investing horizon, the savings that you could secure in retirement by contributing to a Roth account now could be substantially more than the savings you would get with pretax contributions. You can contribute up to $7,000 to a traditional IRA or up to $23,000 to a 401(k) for 2024. The catchup contributions for people ages 50 and older are $1,000 for IRAs and $7,500 for 401(k)s. Keep in mind that there are no income limitations for contributing to a traditional account, but the deductibility of traditional IRA contributions can be affected by whether you or your spouse has a retirement plan at work. Pros Lowers your taxable income and annual tax bill Required minimum distributions begin a certain age Cons Withdrawals are taxed as income Contribution limits Advantages and Disadvantages of Roth Contributions Advantages The biggest benefit to Roth accounts is that they allow earnings on your investments to grow tax-free. No matter how significant your gains are, you will not have to pay taxes on them when you withdraw the funds in retirement. Getting tax-free income in your retirement years can be a tremendous advantage in helping you pay your expenses. You can also withdraw any contributions you make to your Roth accounts without any penalties or taxes. Keep in mind that this doesn't apply to the earnings on those contributions. If you withdraw those, you will be taxed and may have to pay a penalty. Roth IRAs also have no required minimum distributions, as noted below. And, designated Roth 401(k) accounts—unlike Roth IRAs—have no income limitations for participation. Disadvantages The major disadvantage to contributing to a Roth account with after-tax funds instead of a traditional account is that your tax advantages will be delayed until your retirement years. So, you cannot lower your tax bill for the year when you make the contribution. If you have a tight cash flow and carry high-interest debt, not getting a tax benefit can be a significant downside to contributing to a Roth. Another potential downside is that Roth IRAs have income limits. For 2024, you can contibute a reduced amount if you have a modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) of $230,000 and $240,000 if you are married filing jointly. You cannot contribute if you make above $240,000. For single tax filers, the phase out range is $77,000 and $87,000. If your income is higher, you cannot contribute. Designated Roth 401(k) accounts have an RMD as long as you’re not working for that company and are not a 5% owner of the issuing company. Pros Earnings grow tax-free No RMDs Contributions can be withdrawn at any time without any taxes or penalties Certain Roth accounts have no income thresholds to contribute Cons After-tax dollars delays your tax benefits Income thresholds limit who can contribute Designated Roth 401(k)s have an RMD in certain cases Can You Make Both Pretax and Roth Contributions? You can make contributions to both a pretax traditional account and a Roth account in each category but your total contributions must not go over the (IRS) maximum contribution limits for each type of account. For example, for 2024, you could split the $23,000 contribution limit between a traditional 401(k) and a designated Roth 401(k). Can You Max Out Both Types of Accounts in One Year? If you have a traditional and a Roth IRA, you can contribute only up to the total maximum for both accounts combined. So, for 2024, the most that an individual under age 50 can contribute is $7,000. This means you can contribute $3,500 to both a traditional and a Roth IRA, but you cannot contribute $7,000 to both. In addition, you could also max out the approved contribution amount to 401(k)s, splitting them between traditional and designated Roth 401(k)s. Can You Switch a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA? You can roll funds from a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA. This can be a good strategy if you expect your tax bracket to be higher in the future. Keep in mind, though, that you’ll owe tax on any amount that you convert and the bill can be high. You may want to consult a tax advisor before enacting this strategy. The Bottom Line The key to saving for your retirement is to start as soon as possible. Choosing the right type of retirement plan, whether it’s one using pretax money or after-tax contributions—or both—can help you meet your financial goals. Consider consulting a financial advisor for guidance on which type of plan best suits your needs.
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https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/070516/why-british-pound-stronger-us-dollar.asp
Why the British Pound Is Stronger Than the U.S. Dollar
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="0" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="90" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300, 1, 1, 1250, 1, 1, 1, 1]" data-sc-load-immediate="2" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="80" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> Historically, the British pound (GBP) has been stronger than most currencies, including the U.S. dollar. In 2007, the value of the GBP hit a record doubling the value of the U.S. dollar.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span> As of 2024, the British pound is the fourth strongest currency in the world, maintaining a steady value of over 1.20 USD.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> The value of the British pound is explained by a combination of factors, like interest rates, inflation, and the overall state of the economy. The strength of the GDP is driven mainly by the fact that the Bank of England, which issues the currency, has played an active role in international economic developments. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> However, in recent years and especially since Brexit, the GBP has weakened due to higher interest rates and fear of a recession, while the U.S. dollar has strengthened. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-whatyouneedtoknow" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">Key Takeaways</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><ul> <li>For more than 20 years, the British pound has been stronger than the U.S. dollar in nominal terms.</li> <li>Brexit weakened the British pound on a structural level.</li> <li>Lack of market confidence in both the government of then-U.K. Prime Minister <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/who-is-liz-truss-6747296">Liz Truss</a> and Trussonomics further weakened the pound.</li> <li>The jettisoning of the Truss tax cuts by Jeremy Hunt, the current Chancellor of the Exchequer, seems to have stabilized markets and consequentially halted the decline of the pound.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span></li> </ul></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-a-brief-history-of-the-uk-pound-gbp-vs-the-us-dollar-usd"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> A Brief History of the U.K. Pound (GBP) vs. the U.S. Dollar (USD) </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"> Before World War II, and arguably before World War I, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gbp.asp">British pound (GBP)</a> was the primary medium of foreign exchange, giving it a nominal premium over other currencies including the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/u/usd-united-states-dollar.asp">U.S. dollar (USD)</a>, with a pound (£1) fetching $5 and more. After WWII, however, the USD began its rise to become the preeminent currency in international trade and a global store of value.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> For example, as of the end of 2022, the USD comprised 58% of global foreign exchange holdings.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span> Starting from those lofty valuations, the USD began to supplant the GBP, leading to a long slide in the GBP/USD rate over the succeeding decades. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_13-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"> The British pound (aka the sterling) has been nominally stronger than the USD for most of the past few decades, making a high of just over 2.00 USD per GBP around the time of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/financial-crisis-review.asp">Great Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009</a>. The GFC saw investors flee to the USD and out of the pound, among other major currencies. Once the GFC dust had settled, the GBP dropped to the 1.40–1.45 level.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span> The GBP weakness was more a case of panic buying of the USD than any GBP-negative issue, as other major currencies weakened sharply against the USD as well (see long-term chart below). </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"></div> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image inline-image figure-landscape figure-low-res" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.6%;"> <img alt="GBP history" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-click-tracked="true" data-expand="300" data-hi-res-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/mTFlcupy8FN9DNX_K84h5N0YKrA=/704x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GBPHistory-6271bfdd773242aa907352c2a2c041aa.jpg" data-img-lightbox="true" data-sizes="750px" data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cMutrRqjmZMEj4bcX7QiTlHm2Cg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GBPHistory-6271bfdd773242aa907352c2a2c041aa.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/6lHvwxOkQtgw-XZgCLeM30bjfCc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GBPHistory-6271bfdd773242aa907352c2a2c041aa.jpg 750w" data-tracking-container="true" height="476" id="mntl-sc-block-image_1-0" width="704"/> <noscript> <img alt="GBP history" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" height="476" sizes="750px" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cMutrRqjmZMEj4bcX7QiTlHm2Cg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GBPHistory-6271bfdd773242aa907352c2a2c041aa.jpg" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/6lHvwxOkQtgw-XZgCLeM30bjfCc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GBPHistory-6271bfdd773242aa907352c2a2c041aa.jpg 750w" width="704"/> </noscript> </div> </div> </figure> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> In subsequent years, GBP/USD fluctuated between roughly 1.40 and 1.70, but then came <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brexit.asp">Brexit</a> in June 2016, when the United Kingdom surprisingly voted to leave the European Union (EU). The pound was knocked down virtually overnight from the 1.40–1.45 area to the 30-year low of 1.32, where it remained until recent events and market dislocations.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> The culprit this time is a combination of factors, chief among them USD strength due to widening interest rate differentials in the USD’s favor. Along with higher relative <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp">interest rates</a>, the U.S. economic outlook is reasonably positive, while market watchers are soon to declare the U.K. is in or near recession. The pound is not alone in being sold against the USD, as investors fear a global <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/recession.asp">recession</a> and favor the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/greenback.asp">greenback</a> as a safe haven in times of economic distress. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-nominal-value-vs-relative-value"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Nominal Value vs. Relative Value </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> The nominal value of a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency.asp">currency</a> is relatively arbitrary. What matters is how the value of that currency changes over time relative to other currencies. For more than 20 years, one U.S. dollar has been worth less than one British pound. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"> As of April 2024, the dollar was sitting at around 1.24 to one pound.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> This is down from 1.68 in May 2014 and 1.40 in March 2018.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="6"></span> This trend is indicative of deteriorating economic conditions in the United Kingdom, mainly from Brexit, combined with an improving U.S. economy. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-note" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block no-title" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>In September 2022, the GBP fell to about $1.03 USD, marking the lowest price for the pound against the U.S. dollar in over 30 years.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span><br/></p></div></div></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> It’s also worth considering that many more dollars are in circulation than pounds. As of April 2024, $2.348 trillion U.S. dollars were in circulation.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> By contrast, the total pounds in circulation come to a mere <em>£ </em>81 billion.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> To draw an analogy, the 2020 <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketcapitalization.asp">market capitalization</a> of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BRK.A">BRK.A</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BRK.B">BRK.B</a>) was much lower than that of Microsoft Corp. (<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=msft">MSFT</a>) despite the fact that Berkshire Hathaway’s share price is much higher.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> This is because there are many more outstanding Microsoft shares than Berkshire Hathaway shares.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="26"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="27"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="28"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-consequences-of-brexit"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Consequences of Brexit </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"> On June 23, 2016, British citizens went to the polls and voted in favor of a referendum to leave the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.asp">EU</a>, of which the country had been a member since 1973.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> The Brexit, or British exit, came about as a result of a populist movement that had grown weary of ceding control of laws and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/government-regulations.asp">regulations</a> to outside forces in Brussels. There was also a fear of the effects of what was viewed as unchecked immigration. Economists, most of whom were confident that Britain would vote to remain in the EU, warned of economic consequences that would result from Brexit. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> The vote in favor of Brexit shocked oddsmakers and roiled world markets. It also had an immediate and pronounced effect on the British pound, which declined in value by more than 8% in the 24 hours following the vote.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> This is another example of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/relative-value.asp">relative value</a> trumping <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nominalvalue.asp">nominal value</a>. While the pound remained stronger than the dollar in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nominal.asp">nominal</a> terms, investors still abandoned the currency, citing its precipitous decline in relative value. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> The pound has been turbulent and volatile since the 2016 Brexit announcement. Near the end of 2016, the GBP/USD reached lows of around 1.20. There was a slight rebound in 2018, peaking at around 1.40 in April of that year.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> Most recently, the sterling was trading roughly 1.2588 against the buck, owing to concerns over global growth, the risks of a U.K. recession, and interest rate differentials vastly in favor of the USD.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> Market speculators may very well make a <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/parityprice.asp">test of parity</a> (1 GBP to 1 USD) and even lower, potentially giving the USD a nominal value above the GBP. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-has-the-british-pound-gbp-maintained-a-nominal-premium-to-the-us-dollar-usd-for-all-these-years"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Why Has the British Pound (GBP) Maintained a Nominal Premium to the U.S. Dollar (USD) for All These Years?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Much of it has to do with the starting point of GBP/USD more than a century ago. The sterling has been in a long downward slide against the greenback for many decades, owing to the USD’s rise to prominence, the growth of its economy, and GBP negatives, such as Brexit and a widening interest rate gap against the sterling, to name a few current factors. The nominal premium is not carved in stone, and speculative and macroeconomic developments may soon see the pound give up its nominal premium.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-does-it-matter-if-gbpusd-falls-below-parity"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Does It Matter If GBP/USD Falls Below Parity?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>It would certainly be a blow to the United Kingdom’s ego, but it won’t make a significant change to global currency valuations. A weaker pound is a double-edged sword for the U.K.: A weaker currency is good for exports, which can bolster the economy, but a weak currency is also a driver of inflation (imports are more expensive), which the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boe.asp">Bank of England (BoE)</a> is legally obliged to contain. The risk is that a downward move in GBP/USD could become disorderly, for which the U.K. would need outside help (think the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/g7.asp">Group of Seven [G-7]</a>) to contain or slow the decline.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-is-more-important-to-the-gbp-nominal-value-or-relative-value"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Which Is More Important to the GBP: Nominal Value or Relative Value?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A weak pound is a nominal construct as far as exchange rates go. However, if the sterling is seen to be diverging from other currencies as well—i.e., its relative value is falling across the board—it could provoke a run on the GBP, with speculative sellers as the driving force behind that selling.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"> The British pound (GBP) has enjoyed a nominal premium to the U.S. dollar (USD) for many years, owing both to historical convention and the Bank of England’s willingness to intervene in times of crisis to defend the pound. The resignation of Kwasi Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer and the subsequent collapse of the Liz Truss government seem to be acting as a stabilizing influence on the GBP.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span> The sterling now appears to be holding steady, with the exchange rate at $1.26 USD to £1 GBP as of April 2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p></div>
Historically, the British pound (GBP) has been stronger than most currencies, including the U.S. dollar. In 2007, the value of the GBP hit a record doubling the value of the U.S. dollar. As of 2024, the British pound is the fourth strongest currency in the world, maintaining a steady value of over 1.20 USD. The value of the British pound is explained by a combination of factors, like interest rates, inflation, and the overall state of the economy. The strength of the GDP is driven mainly by the fact that the Bank of England, which issues the currency, has played an active role in international economic developments. However, in recent years and especially since Brexit, the GBP has weakened due to higher interest rates and fear of a recession, while the U.S. dollar has strengthened. ### Key Takeaways * For more than 20 years, the British pound has been stronger than the U.S. dollar in nominal terms. * Brexit weakened the British pound on a structural level. * Lack of market confidence in both the government of then-U.K. Prime Minister [Liz Truss](https://www.investopedia.com/who-is-liz-truss-6747296) and Trussonomics further weakened the pound. * The jettisoning of the Truss tax cuts by Jeremy Hunt, the current Chancellor of the Exchequer, seems to have stabilized markets and consequentially halted the decline of the pound. ## A Brief History of the U.K. Pound (GBP) vs. the U.S. Dollar (USD) Before World War II, and arguably before World War I, the [British pound (GBP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gbp.asp) was the primary medium of foreign exchange, giving it a nominal premium over other currencies including the [U.S. dollar (USD)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/u/usd-united-states-dollar.asp), with a pound (£1) fetching $5 and more. After WWII, however, the USD began its rise to become the preeminent currency in international trade and a global store of value. For example, as of the end of 2022, the USD comprised 58% of global foreign exchange holdings. Starting from those lofty valuations, the USD began to supplant the GBP, leading to a long slide in the GBP/USD rate over the succeeding decades. The British pound (aka the sterling) has been nominally stronger than the USD for most of the past few decades, making a high of just over 2.00 USD per GBP around the time of the [Great Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/financial-crisis-review.asp). The GFC saw investors flee to the USD and out of the pound, among other major currencies. Once the GFC dust had settled, the GBP dropped to the 1.40–1.45 level. The GBP weakness was more a case of panic buying of the USD than any GBP-negative issue, as other major currencies weakened sharply against the USD as well (see long-term chart below). ![GBP history]() ![GBP history](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/cMutrRqjmZMEj4bcX7QiTlHm2Cg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GBPHistory-6271bfdd773242aa907352c2a2c041aa.jpg) In subsequent years, GBP/USD fluctuated between roughly 1.40 and 1.70, but then came [Brexit](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brexit.asp) in June 2016, when the United Kingdom surprisingly voted to leave the European Union (EU). The pound was knocked down virtually overnight from the 1.40–1.45 area to the 30-year low of 1.32, where it remained until recent events and market dislocations. The culprit this time is a combination of factors, chief among them USD strength due to widening interest rate differentials in the USD’s favor. Along with higher relative [interest rates](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp), the U.S. economic outlook is reasonably positive, while market watchers are soon to declare the U.K. is in or near recession. The pound is not alone in being sold against the USD, as investors fear a global [recession](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/recession.asp) and favor the [greenback](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/greenback.asp) as a safe haven in times of economic distress. ## Nominal Value vs. Relative Value The nominal value of a [currency](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency.asp) is relatively arbitrary. What matters is how the value of that currency changes over time relative to other currencies. For more than 20 years, one U.S. dollar has been worth less than one British pound. As of April 2024, the dollar was sitting at around 1.24 to one pound. This is down from 1.68 in May 2014 and 1.40 in March 2018. This trend is indicative of deteriorating economic conditions in the United Kingdom, mainly from Brexit, combined with an improving U.S. economy. ### In September 2022, the GBP fell to about $1.03 USD, marking the lowest price for the pound against the U.S. dollar in over 30 years. It’s also worth considering that many more dollars are in circulation than pounds. As of April 2024, $2.348 trillion U.S. dollars were in circulation. By contrast, the total pounds in circulation come to a mere *£* 81 billion. To draw an analogy, the 2020 [market capitalization](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketcapitalization.asp) of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ([BRK.A](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BRK.A), [BRK.B](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=BRK.B)) was much lower than that of Microsoft Corp. ([MSFT](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=msft)) despite the fact that Berkshire Hathaway’s share price is much higher. This is because there are many more outstanding Microsoft shares than Berkshire Hathaway shares. ## Consequences of Brexit On June 23, 2016, British citizens went to the polls and voted in favor of a referendum to leave the [EU](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/europeanunion.asp), of which the country had been a member since 1973. The Brexit, or British exit, came about as a result of a populist movement that had grown weary of ceding control of laws and [regulations](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/government-regulations.asp) to outside forces in Brussels. There was also a fear of the effects of what was viewed as unchecked immigration. Economists, most of whom were confident that Britain would vote to remain in the EU, warned of economic consequences that would result from Brexit. The vote in favor of Brexit shocked oddsmakers and roiled world markets. It also had an immediate and pronounced effect on the British pound, which declined in value by more than 8% in the 24 hours following the vote. This is another example of [relative value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/relative-value.asp) trumping [nominal value](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nominalvalue.asp). While the pound remained stronger than the dollar in [nominal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nominal.asp) terms, investors still abandoned the currency, citing its precipitous decline in relative value. The pound has been turbulent and volatile since the 2016 Brexit announcement. Near the end of 2016, the GBP/USD reached lows of around 1.20. There was a slight rebound in 2018, peaking at around 1.40 in April of that year. Most recently, the sterling was trading roughly 1.2588 against the buck, owing to concerns over global growth, the risks of a U.K. recession, and interest rate differentials vastly in favor of the USD. Market speculators may very well make a [test of parity](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/parityprice.asp) (1 GBP to 1 USD) and even lower, potentially giving the USD a nominal value above the GBP. ## Why Has the British Pound (GBP) Maintained a Nominal Premium to the U.S. Dollar (USD) for All These Years? Much of it has to do with the starting point of GBP/USD more than a century ago. The sterling has been in a long downward slide against the greenback for many decades, owing to the USD’s rise to prominence, the growth of its economy, and GBP negatives, such as Brexit and a widening interest rate gap against the sterling, to name a few current factors. The nominal premium is not carved in stone, and speculative and macroeconomic developments may soon see the pound give up its nominal premium. ## Does It Matter If GBP/USD Falls Below Parity? It would certainly be a blow to the United Kingdom’s ego, but it won’t make a significant change to global currency valuations. A weaker pound is a double-edged sword for the U.K.: A weaker currency is good for exports, which can bolster the economy, but a weak currency is also a driver of inflation (imports are more expensive), which the [Bank of England (BoE)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boe.asp) is legally obliged to contain. The risk is that a downward move in GBP/USD could become disorderly, for which the U.K. would need outside help (think the [Group of Seven [G-7]](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/g7.asp)) to contain or slow the decline. ## Which Is More Important to the GBP: Nominal Value or Relative Value? A weak pound is a nominal construct as far as exchange rates go. However, if the sterling is seen to be diverging from other currencies as well—i.e., its relative value is falling across the board—it could provoke a run on the GBP, with speculative sellers as the driving force behind that selling. ## The Bottom Line The British pound (GBP) has enjoyed a nominal premium to the U.S. dollar (USD) for many years, owing both to historical convention and the Bank of England’s willingness to intervene in times of crisis to defend the pound. The resignation of Kwasi Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer and the subsequent collapse of the Liz Truss government seem to be acting as a stabilizing influence on the GBP. The sterling now appears to be holding steady, with the exchange rate at $1.26 USD to £1 GBP as of April 2024.
Historically, the British pound (GBP) has been stronger than most currencies, including the U.S. dollar. In 2007, the value of the GBP hit a record doubling the value of the U.S. dollar. As of 2024, the British pound is the fourth strongest currency in the world, maintaining a steady value of over 1.20 USD. The value of the British pound is explained by a combination of factors, like interest rates, inflation, and the overall state of the economy. The strength of the GDP is driven mainly by the fact that the Bank of England, which issues the currency, has played an active role in international economic developments. However, in recent years and especially since Brexit, the GBP has weakened due to higher interest rates and fear of a recession, while the U.S. dollar has strengthened. Key Takeaways For more than 20 years, the British pound has been stronger than the U.S. dollar in nominal terms. Brexit weakened the British pound on a structural level. Lack of market confidence in both the government of then-U.K. Prime Minister Liz Truss and Trussonomics further weakened the pound. The jettisoning of the Truss tax cuts by Jeremy Hunt, the current Chancellor of the Exchequer, seems to have stabilized markets and consequentially halted the decline of the pound. A Brief History of the U.K. Pound (GBP) vs. the U.S. Dollar (USD) Before World War II, and arguably before World War I, the British pound (GBP) was the primary medium of foreign exchange, giving it a nominal premium over other currencies including the U.S. dollar (USD), with a pound (£1) fetching $5 and more. After WWII, however, the USD began its rise to become the preeminent currency in international trade and a global store of value. For example, as of the end of 2022, the USD comprised 58% of global foreign exchange holdings. Starting from those lofty valuations, the USD began to supplant the GBP, leading to a long slide in the GBP/USD rate over the succeeding decades. The British pound (aka the sterling) has been nominally stronger than the USD for most of the past few decades, making a high of just over 2.00 USD per GBP around the time of the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009. The GFC saw investors flee to the USD and out of the pound, among other major currencies. Once the GFC dust had settled, the GBP dropped to the 1.40–1.45 level. The GBP weakness was more a case of panic buying of the USD than any GBP-negative issue, as other major currencies weakened sharply against the USD as well (see long-term chart below). In subsequent years, GBP/USD fluctuated between roughly 1.40 and 1.70, but then came Brexit in June 2016, when the United Kingdom surprisingly voted to leave the European Union (EU). The pound was knocked down virtually overnight from the 1.40–1.45 area to the 30-year low of 1.32, where it remained until recent events and market dislocations. The culprit this time is a combination of factors, chief among them USD strength due to widening interest rate differentials in the USD’s favor. Along with higher relative interest rates, the U.S. economic outlook is reasonably positive, while market watchers are soon to declare the U.K. is in or near recession. The pound is not alone in being sold against the USD, as investors fear a global recession and favor the greenback as a safe haven in times of economic distress. Nominal Value vs. Relative Value The nominal value of a currency is relatively arbitrary. What matters is how the value of that currency changes over time relative to other currencies. For more than 20 years, one U.S. dollar has been worth less than one British pound. As of April 2024, the dollar was sitting at around 1.24 to one pound. This is down from 1.68 in May 2014 and 1.40 in March 2018. This trend is indicative of deteriorating economic conditions in the United Kingdom, mainly from Brexit, combined with an improving U.S. economy. In September 2022, the GBP fell to about $1.03 USD, marking the lowest price for the pound against the U.S. dollar in over 30 years. It’s also worth considering that many more dollars are in circulation than pounds. As of April 2024, $2.348 trillion U.S. dollars were in circulation. By contrast, the total pounds in circulation come to a mere £ 81 billion. To draw an analogy, the 2020 market capitalization of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK.A, BRK.B) was much lower than that of Microsoft Corp. (MSFT) despite the fact that Berkshire Hathaway’s share price is much higher. This is because there are many more outstanding Microsoft shares than Berkshire Hathaway shares. Consequences of Brexit On June 23, 2016, British citizens went to the polls and voted in favor of a referendum to leave the EU, of which the country had been a member since 1973. The Brexit, or British exit, came about as a result of a populist movement that had grown weary of ceding control of laws and regulations to outside forces in Brussels. There was also a fear of the effects of what was viewed as unchecked immigration. Economists, most of whom were confident that Britain would vote to remain in the EU, warned of economic consequences that would result from Brexit. The vote in favor of Brexit shocked oddsmakers and roiled world markets. It also had an immediate and pronounced effect on the British pound, which declined in value by more than 8% in the 24 hours following the vote. This is another example of relative value trumping nominal value. While the pound remained stronger than the dollar in nominal terms, investors still abandoned the currency, citing its precipitous decline in relative value. The pound has been turbulent and volatile since the 2016 Brexit announcement. Near the end of 2016, the GBP/USD reached lows of around 1.20. There was a slight rebound in 2018, peaking at around 1.40 in April of that year. Most recently, the sterling was trading roughly 1.2588 against the buck, owing to concerns over global growth, the risks of a U.K. recession, and interest rate differentials vastly in favor of the USD. Market speculators may very well make a test of parity (1 GBP to 1 USD) and even lower, potentially giving the USD a nominal value above the GBP. Why Has the British Pound (GBP) Maintained a Nominal Premium to the U.S. Dollar (USD) for All These Years? Much of it has to do with the starting point of GBP/USD more than a century ago. The sterling has been in a long downward slide against the greenback for many decades, owing to the USD’s rise to prominence, the growth of its economy, and GBP negatives, such as Brexit and a widening interest rate gap against the sterling, to name a few current factors. The nominal premium is not carved in stone, and speculative and macroeconomic developments may soon see the pound give up its nominal premium. Does It Matter If GBP/USD Falls Below Parity? It would certainly be a blow to the United Kingdom’s ego, but it won’t make a significant change to global currency valuations. A weaker pound is a double-edged sword for the U.K.: A weaker currency is good for exports, which can bolster the economy, but a weak currency is also a driver of inflation (imports are more expensive), which the Bank of England (BoE) is legally obliged to contain. The risk is that a downward move in GBP/USD could become disorderly, for which the U.K. would need outside help (think the Group of Seven [G-7]) to contain or slow the decline. Which Is More Important to the GBP: Nominal Value or Relative Value? A weak pound is a nominal construct as far as exchange rates go. However, if the sterling is seen to be diverging from other currencies as well—i.e., its relative value is falling across the board—it could provoke a run on the GBP, with speculative sellers as the driving force behind that selling. The Bottom Line The British pound (GBP) has enjoyed a nominal premium to the U.S. dollar (USD) for many years, owing both to historical convention and the Bank of England’s willingness to intervene in times of crisis to defend the pound. The resignation of Kwasi Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer and the subsequent collapse of the Liz Truss government seem to be acting as a stabilizing influence on the GBP. The sterling now appears to be holding steady, with the exchange rate at $1.26 USD to £1 GBP as of April 2024.
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https://www.investopedia.com/best-online-brokers-4587872
Best Online Brokers and Trading Platforms for May 2024
<div class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block article-body-content" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-content-positions="[300,600,900,1200,1500,1800,2100]" data-sc-load-immediate="1" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-sticky-offset="60" id="mntl-sc-page_1-0"><p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> The best brokerage platforms provide strong customer support, robust research and analytical tools, a wide range of investable assets, an abundance of investment account types, and more, all with a transparent fee structure and limited gamification tactics. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_2-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_3-0"> After hundreds of hours of comprehensive research, data analysis, and live broker platform demos, Fidelity Investments is our best overall online brokerage platform for investors due to its low fees, expansive product offering, wide-ranging full-service features, and so much more. Fidelity is just one of 26 online brokers that we evaluated based on 89 criteria, including available assets, account services, user experience, and additional features.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_4-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-best-online-brokerage-accounts-and-trading-platforms-of-2024"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_5-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Best Online Brokerage Accounts and Trading Platforms of 2024 </span> </h2> <ul class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_6-0"> <li><strong>Best Overall</strong>: <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" rel="sponsored nofollow">Fidelity</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Low Costs</strong>: <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" rel="sponsored nofollow">Fidelity</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Beginners</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.schwab.com" rel="sponsored nofollow">Charles Schwab</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Advanced Traders</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" rel="sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><strong>Best for ETFs</strong>: <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" rel="sponsored nofollow">Fidelity</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Options Trading</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1" rel="sponsored nofollow">tastytrade</a></li> <li><strong>Best for International Trading</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" rel="sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Mobile Investing &amp; Trading</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="8" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://us.etrade.com/home" rel="sponsored nofollow">E*TRADE</a> </li> <li><strong>Best for Cryptocurrency Trading</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="9" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx" rel="sponsored nofollow">eToro</a> </li> <li><strong>Best for Risk Management</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="10" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" rel="sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Cash Management</strong>: <a data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="11" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" rel="sponsored nofollow">Fidelity</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="12" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" rel="sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Algorithmic Trading</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="13" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" rel="sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><strong>Best for Alternative Investments</strong>: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="14" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.public.com/" rel="sponsored nofollow">Public</a></li> </ul> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_7-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-fidelity-investments-best-overall-best-for-etfs-best-for-low-costs-best-for-cash-management"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_8-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Fidelity Investments: Best Overall, Best for ETFs, Best for Low Costs, Best for Cash Management </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_9-0"><div aria-label="4.8 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_10-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg 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mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 80%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.8</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_11-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_12-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/2z0zeePI0hjFFCPW3eB8ckVLU6s=/2160x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Fid-Logo-Blk-2160x480-8a29ae20e787478b80d7e7732debf40f.jpg" width="2160"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account Minimum</strong>: $0 </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees</strong>: $0 for stock/ETF trades, $0 plus $0.65/contract for options trades </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_1-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_1-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_14-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_15-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_16-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best Overall </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_17-0"> When it comes to bringing critical full-service brokerage features, sophisticated tools, and low fees to a wide range of traders and investors, all across continually enhanced platforms, Fidelity reigns supreme for the third consecutive year.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_18-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_19-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for ETFs </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_20-0"> Fidelity is our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-etfs-4587875">best broker for ETFs</a> because of its rich ETF-focused educational content and research tools, expansive ETF offering, and fractional ETF trading. Fidelity is a repeat winner in this category, after earning the top from Charles Schwab spot in 2023.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_21-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_22-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Low Costs </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_23-0"> Fidelity has long been an industry leader when it comes to lower fees, and its transparent and compelling fee schedule is the reason why, for the third year running, it wins for low costs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_24-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_25-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Cash Management </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_26-0"> Finding the best brokerage account for cash management is not just about earning the highest interest rate possible. It’s also about seamless integration with critical, no-fee banking features and industry-leading insurance. In these areas, Fidelity’s cash management offering is unmatched, and it comes with solid passive earnings power on uninvested cash, along with reimbursable access to a global network of ATMs. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_27-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_28-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_29-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_30-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No payment for order flow (PFOF) makes for excellent order execution<br/></p></li> <li><p>Strong portfolio analysis and account features<br/></p></li> <li><p>Superior trading platforms for all types of investors<br/></p></li> <li><p>Top-tier educational content, screening tools, and research capabilities<br/></p></li> <li><p>FDIC insurance up to $5 million</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Only two digital coins available for trading</p></li> <li><p>Minimum balance required for some index trading</p></li> <li><p>Multiple platforms may be required to access all tools</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_31-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_32-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_33-0"> In an industry full of innovative companies competing for the attention of an incredibly diverse universe of traders and investors, Fidelity delivers the most well-rounded product offering to suit the needs of nearly every investor. Headquartered in Boston, Fidelity’s storied history began with its founding in 1946. With $4.9 trillion in discretionary assets as of December 2023, the company ranks among the top brokerage firms in terms of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp">assets under management</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_34-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_35-0"> Investopedia began evaluating online brokerages in 2019, and Fidelity has shown a commitment to improving its financial products and services ever since. Improvements in financial advisor support, bond liquidity analysis, and the new Fidelity Youth app were the highlights of our 2024 product demonstration with the company. In fact, of the 38.7 million brokerage accounts that Fidelity services, 43% of those accounts have been opened by investors 18 to 35 years of age.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="8"></span> But the improvements didn't stop there. Fidelity now also has a comprehensive cash management product that is jam-packed with banking features.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_36-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_37-0"> Fidelity has long been an industry leader when it comes to lowering fees, and it has a stellar reputation as a broker with a huge customer service network, including 200 customer centers, supporting its low-cost, high-value offering.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> Investors looking for an online broker that keeps costs low, all while delivering some of the most powerful tools in the industry and resisting the common industry practice of collecting <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paymentoforderflow.asp">PFOF</a>, will be hard-pressed to find a better broker than Fidelity.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_38-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_39-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_40-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0">ACTUAL USER EXPERIENCE </h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0"><p>"I moved all of our family’s investment accounts to Fidelity in 2021 for one simple, but valuable, reason: It’s the only brokerage firm that offers every single account type we have, allowing me to house all of our investments under the same roof. We have a lot of different account types—from various retirement and taxable accounts, to an inherited IRA, to 529s and custodial accounts, and even an investable HSA. Before consolidating to Fidelity, I had to log into multiple places to check on our various investments. Now, except for a new workplace 401(k), I have one login that shows me everything on a single screen. And when I need customer support, Fidelity advisors can also view things as a whole. Moving to Fidelity has added a lot of ease and efficiency to my financial life." - Sabrina Karl, Staff Writer for Investopedia</p></div></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_41-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_42-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0">Editor's Note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0"><p>In addition to our review of Fidelity's online brokerage platform, we've also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-go-review-4691305">Fidelity Go</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-charles-schwab-best-for-beginners"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_43-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Charles Schwab: Best for Beginners </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_44-0"><div aria-label="4.7 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_45-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 70%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.7</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_46-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_47-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-review-4587888" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/p-xwUVi8CfYUF9oWOYPQE1IaHJk=/2939x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charles-schwab-productcard-5c742da0c9e77c00010d6c5b.png" width="2939"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.schwab.com/" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_3-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account Minimum</strong>: $0 </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees</strong>: $0 for stock/ETF trades, $0.65 per contract for options </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-review-4587888" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_3-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.schwab.com/" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_3-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_49-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_50-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_51-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Beginners </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_52-0"> Even before TD Ameritrade’s educational content was incorporated into its ecosystem, Charles Schwab—which acquired TD Ameritrade in 2020—was known as one of the best platforms for new traders and investors. With the integration nearing completion in May of 2024, Schwab has taken over top ranks in this category, a position previously held by TD Ameritrade for the past two years. Schwab now houses the most comprehensive library of evergreen learning materials, along with seemingly endless coaching programs and regularly scheduled live training events, making it the best for beginner investors.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_53-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_54-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_55-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_3-0">Research Insights </h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0"><p>“If you’re a beginner trader, a user-friendly broker platform will be key. It should be easy to navigate and understand, like using a familiar app. Don’t forget about learning! Look for a broker that offers educational resources to help you understand the market and make informed decisions. Many brokers now offer commission-free trades on stocks and ETFs, so be sure to factor that in as you compare costs.  Consider fractional shares too! They allow you to invest in smaller portions of expensive stocks or funds, a great way to get started without a huge initial investment.” -Amrut Deshmukh, Investopedia Research Analyst</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_56-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_57-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_58-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Industry-leading educational content<br/></p></li> <li><p>Multiple user-friendly platforms </p></li> <li><p>Superb ETF research and scanners</p></li> <li><p>Over 400 branches in 45 states </p></li> <li><p>Access to the highly regarded thinkorswim® platform<br/></p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Relatively high margin rates</p></li> <li><p>Low interest earned on uninvested cash</p></li> <li><p>Lacks fractional ETF trading</p></li> <li><p>No direct investments in cryptocurrencies</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_59-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_60-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_61-0"> After Chuck Schwab and his partners formed First Commander Corporation in April 1971, they later changed the company’s name to Charles Schwab &amp; Co., Inc. in 1973.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="11"></span> Charles Schwab has experienced continuous growth over the years and, in October 2020, completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade, with full client integration expected to wrap up in May 2024.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> Not only does Schwab provide the right mix of usability, tools, education, and research to cater to its diverse customer base, but it does so across multiple top-tier platforms.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_62-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_63-0"> With Schwab’s integration of TD Ameritrade nearly complete, the powerful combination of Schwab’s exceptional lineup of products and services and TD Ameritrade’s powerful capabilities for traders has boosted the company even closer to the top of our comprehensive rating model. One of the most anticipated additions to Schwab's lineup occurred on April 11, 2024, with the company announcing that futures and forex trading, along with a new Portfolio Margin feature, have been made available on its thinkorswim platform.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="26"></span>Prospective customers should note, however, that crypto spot trading still isn’t available. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_64-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_65-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_66-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_4-0">Editor's Note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_4-0"><p>In addition to our review of Charles Schwab’s online brokerage platform, we also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-intelligent-portfolios-review-4692523">Schwab Intelligent Portfolios</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-interactive-brokers-best-for-advanced-traders-best-for-international-trading-best-for-algorithmic-trading-best-for-risk-management-best-for-generating-stock-trading-ideas"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_67-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Interactive Brokers: Best for Advanced Traders, Best for International Trading, Best for Algorithmic Trading, Best for Risk Management, Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_68-0"><div aria-label="4.7 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_69-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 70%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.7</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_70-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_71-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Jlqwe9PIU2-1CgoUVti1ZBdVI5g=/4200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png" width="4200"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_5-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account Minimum:</strong> $0.00 </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees: </strong>$0.00 commissions for equities/ETFs available on IBKR’s TWS Lite, or low costs scaled by volume for active traders that want access to advanced functionality such as order routing. $0.65 per contract for options on TWS Lite; that is also the base rate for TWS Pro users, with scaled rates based on volume. $0.85 per contract for futures. </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_5-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_5-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_73-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_74-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_75-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Advanced Traders </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_76-0"> Interactive Brokers’ lineup of advanced analytical tools, trading technology, and breadth of assets is, quite frankly, awe-inspiring. Ongoing enhancements to legacy platforms like the masterfully constructed Trader Workstation (TWS) and the February 2024 addition of the next-generation IBKR desktop offer just a small glimpse into how Interactive Brokers equips advanced traders to capitalize on fundamental dislocations and pricing inefficiencies better than any other platform we reviewed. This is the third straight year Interactive Brokers has earned this award. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_77-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_78-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_79-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_5-0">Research Insights</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_5-0"><p>“For intraday and advanced traders, speed is everything. Look for a broker with fast execution speeds to ensure your trades go through quickly. In-depth market research is also crucial, so tools and data analysis are important features to consider. Advanced features like algorithmic trading and order routing control can be helpful for active traders looking to automate strategies or optimize order fulfillment. But remember, even the most advanced tools won’t guarantee success—reliability and low costs remain essential for all traders.” -Amrut Deshmukh, Investopedia Research Analyst<br/></p></div></div></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_80-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for International Trading </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_81-0"> Simply put, not one of the 26 online brokerage companies we reviewed comes close to offering the scope of global research capabilities, international trading and support access, and currency-based funding variety that Interactive Brokers offers. That's why, for the third straight year, the company is our top broker for international traders.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_82-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_83-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Algorithmic Trading </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_84-0"> As trading technology continues to advance, so too does the interest in algorithmic trading. Advanced traders will find a powerful lineup of algorithmic trading features in Interactive Brokers’ pre-built algos, a laundry list of API languages, available algorithmic paper trading accounts, and so much more.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_85-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_86-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Risk Management </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_87-0"> With its powerful rebalancing features, robust portfolio and risk analysis tools, nearly boundless opportunities for asset diversification, and available access to licensed brokers, investors will be hard-pressed to find a better platform for managing portfolio risk than Interactive Brokers. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_88-0"></div> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_89-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_90-0"> For professional and retail traders looking for investing and trading ideas across the vast universe of equities, over short-, intermediate-, and long-term time horizons, Interactive Brokers brings together leading industry research vendors, proprietary search tools, and the industry’s largest universe of investable stocks to provide a nearly endless source of ideas that suit every investing and trading strategy.  <br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_91-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_92-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_93-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_94-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Increasing availability of beginner-friendly platforms </p></li> <li><p>Superior order execution</p></li> <li><p>Industry-best selection of contingent orders</p></li> <li><p>Unparalleled range of investable foreign and domestic assets</p></li> <li><p>Powerful and highly customizable professional-level functionality</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>IBKR's SmartRouting not available to IBKR Lite clients</p></li> <li><p>TWS can be difficult to learn</p></li> <li><p>No in-platform backtesting</p></li> <li><p>Often confusing tiered pricing</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_95-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_96-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_97-0"> Founded under the name T.P. &amp; Co. in 1978 by its current chairman, Thomas Peterffy, the company pioneered the use of computers in trading. Eventually, Interactive Brokers Inc. was incorporated as a U.S. broker-dealer in 1993, and the company has since developed into one of the industry’s most complete online brokerage platforms. Interactive Brokers (IBKR) offers astonishing access to 150 markets in 34 countries and support for its services in 200 countries, all with funding and trading capabilities in up to 27 currencies. Simply put, this is the broadest global coverage in the industry.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_98-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_99-0"> One of the first adopters of technology to the financial markets, both algorithmic and active traders have long regarded the company highly for its advanced trading features, highly customizable tools, low margin rates, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/alpha.asp">alpha</a>-generating capabilities. Investopedia's team of industry experts is constantly delighted by IBKR’s innovative enhancements that just make so much sense from a purist’s perspective. IBKR’s latest product innovation is IBKR Desktop, a next-generation platform that combines a simple user interface with many of the company’s powerful trading solutions. It features innovations like Option Lattice, a graphical options chain display highlighting potential outliers in key metrics, and MultiSort, which enables users to sort data using multiple factors simultaneously.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_100-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_101-0"> This idea of simplicity is really where things have been getting interesting for Interactive Brokers, as the company has committed to making its platforms more accessible to beginners. With notable touches like the expansion of educational content across several platforms, including its entry-level IBKR Lite platform; available fractional investing; and the innovative and helpful Options Wizard tool offered on its user-friendly Global Trader mobile app (as well as other platforms), Interactive Brokers is quickly gaining ground on the industry’s top all-around brokerage platforms.   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_102-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_103-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_104-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_6-0">Editor's Note:</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_6-0"><p>In addition to our review of Interactive Brokers' online brokerage platform, we've also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-advisors-review-4685247">Interactive Advisors</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-tastytrade-best-broker-for-options"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_105-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> tastytrade: Best Broker for Options </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_106-0"><div aria-label="4.5 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_107-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 50%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.5</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_108-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_109-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/tastytrade-review-4587986" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/L8ZECxl7jcuDMm1z8B_fgCakK_g=/640x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/tastytradelogo-454669c3e9e543468182244f6f493b38.png" width="640"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_7-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account</strong> <strong>Minimum</strong>: $0 </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees &amp; Commissions</strong>: $0 stock trades, $1 to open options trades (capped at $10 per leg), $0 to close </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tastytrade-review-4587986" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_7-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_7-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_111-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_112-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_113-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Options Trading </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_114-0"> For the third year in a row, we chose tastytrade as the best options trading platform because of its options pricing structure, which includes options pricing caps that make it the lowest-cost brokerage for high-volume, high-frequency option traders. In addition, tastytrade optimizes tools and content to suit the needs of its options-focused client base. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_115-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_116-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_117-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_118-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Capped commission structure for options</p></li> <li><p>Highly regarded tools for analyzing and monitoring options trades</p></li> <li><p>Fantastic options-specific content and educational material</p></li> <li><p>Fully customizable trading experience</p></li> <li><p>Follow Feed feature allows users to follow trades of tastytrade's TV celebrities</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>No on-platform paper trading support</p></li> <li><p>Few investing and retirement resources</p></li> <li><p>Lacks some key investment choices like mutual funds</p><p><br/></p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_119-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_120-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_121-0"> Ask any options trader and they are likely to tell you that this form of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equity_derivative.asp">derivative</a> trading is complex and difficult to master. But with the right guidance, the many options strategies that are available to use can become powerful weapons that allow both traders and investors to benefit from key factors like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/timedecay.asp">time decay</a> and leverage. Created by the same people who developed TD Ameritrade’s highly regarded thinkorswim platform, tastytrade maintains its stance as the best broker for options because of its intuitive delivery of an industry-best mix of comprehensive options-focused tools and content.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_122-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_123-0"> Launched as tastyworks in 2017 and headquartered in Chicago, tastytrade delivers very competitive fees for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-options-trading-4587876">options trading</a>, including standout features like commission caps for large lot sizes, as well as the absence of any trade commissions when closing positions. Fortunately for tastytrade users, these low commissions come with a platform that continues to undergo enhancements which complement its already powerful delivery of options analytics, platform workflow, trade execution, and valuable digital content.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_124-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-etrade-best-for-mobile-investing--trading"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_125-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> E*TRADE: Best for Mobile Investing &amp; Trading </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_126-0"><div aria-label="4.5 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_127-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 50%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.5</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_128-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_129-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-review-4587893" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/3eDrUHCx4Y2-qsHI5J-Qfd6r6OA=/1741x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Etrade2022-22aa6950945a4c6c9b263e56e4263fba.jpg" width="1741"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://us.etrade.com/" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_9-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account</strong> <strong>Minimum</strong>: $0 </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees</strong>: No commission for stock, ETF, and mutual fund trades. Options are $0.50-$0.65 per contract, depending on trading volume. </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-review-4587893" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_9-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://us.etrade.com/" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_9-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_131-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_132-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_133-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Mobile Investing &amp; Trading </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_134-0"> A pioneer in both mobile and online trading, E*TRADE has mastered the art of developing a mobile experience with the right mix of intuitive navigation, robust portfolio and risk management capabilities, deep research, easy-to-digest education, and complex trading tools to cater to investors and traders of all levels. Ongoing enhancements to E*TRADE's mobile capabilities over the past couple of years have caused it to solidify its position as our best mobile trading and investing platform for the first time ever. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_135-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_136-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_137-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_138-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Excellent range of tools and resources</p></li> <li><p>Pre-built and automated portfolio options</p></li> <li><p>Educational content library </p></li> <li><p>Top mobile apps for traders and investors of all levels</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Lacks international exchange trading</p></li> <li><p>No direct crypto investing</p></li> <li><p>Fractional shares only available through a robo-advisor portfolio or dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP)</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_139-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_140-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_141-0"> Since its founding in 1982, E*TRADE has been at the forefront of embracing innovation that makes for one of the best customer experiences in the industry. Following Morgan Stanley’s acquisition of E*TRADE in 2020, the company has only continued to advance its capabilities by integrating many of Morgan Stanley’s highly regarded research materials, thought leadership insights, and large pool of financial advisors.   </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_142-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_143-0"> As one of the largest online brokers in the country, E*TRADE brings an expansive list of investment choices and trading tools to its customer base of 8.2 million households via its website, desktop, and two mobile platforms.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> E*TRADE’s already vast educational catalog has only grown with the Morgan Stanley integration, complementing the intuitive site design in a way that lets new investors enter the market with confidence. For more experienced investors, the ability to do deep analysis has never been greater now that proprietary Morgan Stanley research joins highly regarded third-party research and consensus ratings. While E*TRADE only offers these more advanced traders exposure to cryptocurrencies via ETFs and related stocks, traders have access to a wide array of analysis tools, charting functionality, and trading technology to make the most informed decisions in this and many other asset classes.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_144-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_145-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_146-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_7-0">Editors note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_7-0"><p>In addition to our review of E*TRADE’s online brokerage platform, we also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-core-portfolios-review-4692597">E*TRADE Core Portfolios</a>.<br/></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-etoro-best-for-cryptocurrency-trading"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_147-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> eToro: Best for Cryptocurrency Trading </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_148-0"><div aria-label="4.1 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_149-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 10%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">4.1</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_150-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_151-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/etoro-review-6741360" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nVmZ7_E17YT8OZYTxPH_LfqfOJo=/3480x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/eToro-logo-20d30156718947bcab27419d63c29ff3.jpg" width="3480"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_11-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account Minimum: </strong>$100 for stocks and ETFs, $200 for CopyTrader </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees: </strong>1% crypto trading fee; no-fee stock, ETF, and options trading </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/etoro-review-6741360" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_11-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_11-0" rel="noopener nofollow sponsored nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_153-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_154-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_155-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Cryptocurrency Trading </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_156-0"> eToro offers access to the largest crypto coin selection of any company we cover in the online broker space, and it does this with one of the most user-friendly experiences in the industry. One login to eToro’s online brokerage platform gives users access to stock, ETF, and futures trading, as well as 21 physical crypto coins, all on the company’s intuitive and socially focused web-based and mobile platforms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_157-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_158-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_159-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_160-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Established platform available in over 100 countries<br/></p></li> <li><p>Relatively large selection of tradable crypto assets</p></li> <li><p>Innovative and easy-to-use social trading experience<br/></p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Only available in 47 states<br/></p></li> <li><p>Very limited account types<br/></p></li> <li><p>General lack of advanced trading tools, features, and research<br/></p></li> <li><p>No margin trading in the U.S.<br/></p></li> <li><p>Options trading only offered to U.S. and U.K. residents via a separate app</p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_161-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_162-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_163-0"> Originally developed with a focus on forex trading in 2007, eToro eventually transformed and in 2010 created one of the first social trading experiences, called OpenBook.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> Since then, the company has enhanced this means of enabling users to learn from and copy other seasoned traders across popular asset classes like stocks, ETFs, futures, and crypto. Currently, eToro is only available in 47 U.S. states, but its 25 million-plus users can also find support in more than 140 countries around the world.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_164-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_165-0"> eToro recently upgraded its charting capability with the addition of Tradingview’s Pro charts, but the platform still lacks many of the tools, calculators, and detailed <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/basics-trading-stock-know-your-orders/">order types</a> beyond basic market and limit orders that most sophisticated investors would find necessary to carry out advanced trading techniques. eToro provides real-time pricing information for 21 cryptocurrencies, over 3,000 stocks, and more than 270 ETFs, covering the most important assets and securities.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span><span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span> eToro’s crypto wallet is a separate omnibus wallet with its address. Users can’t bring in their existing crypto, but they can buy and store it with eToro’s wallet. Additionally, there is no staking available in eToro wallet.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_166-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_167-0"> While eToro recently added options trading to its asset mix, this functionality is currently offered to U.S. customers via a separate app. However, during our live demonstration with eToro we learned that options trading is currently being piloted in the U.K. and will soon be made available on the main app.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_168-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_169-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-advisorinsight" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_170-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_8-0">Editor's Note</h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_8-0"><p>eToro's selection of 21 available crypto coins is the largest of the 26 online brokerage and trading platforms we reviewed. However, this is far less than what's offered by many traditional cryptocurrency exchanges. Learn more about the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-crypto-exchanges-5071855">best cryptocurrency exchanges</a>.</p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-public-best-for-alternative-investments"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_171-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Public: Best for Alternative Investments<strong> </strong> </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-starrating mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_172-0"><div aria-label="3.9 out of 5 stars" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-starrating" id="mntl-sc-block_173-0"><div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 100%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 90%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-starrating__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__background mntl-sc-block-starrating__background"></div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__bar mntl-sc-block-starrating__bar" style="width: 0%;"></div> <svg class="icon icon-star mntl-sc-block__svg mntl-sc-block-starrating__svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-star" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="mntl-sc-block__label mntl-sc-block-starrating__label">3.9</span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_174-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-review mntl-sc-block-review" id="mntl-sc-block_175-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__header-link mntl-sc-block-review__header-link"> <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/public-review-5201034" rel="nocaes" target="_blank"><img height="0" src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8Z0yUjmMZN79si7cLwCLMgW53ik=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Public.com-9d64cd7c952c494fbe91eaf028b85a00.jpg" width="1024"/></a> </div> <div class="loc entity-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://public.com?dd_pm=none&amp;dd_pm_cat=brokerage&amp;dd_pm_company=public" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_13-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__quick-facts mntl-sc-block-review__quick-facts"> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list"> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Account Minimum</strong>: $0 </li> <li class="mntl-sc-block__quick-list__item mntl-sc-block-review__quick-list__item"> <strong>Fees</strong>: $0 stocks and ETFs, Alternative assets: 2.5% per transaction; Public Premium: $10/month </li> </ul> <div class="loc article-link"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://www.investopedia.com/public-review-5201034" id="mntl-sc-block-review__article-link_13-0" rel="noopener nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Read full review</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="loc entity-link mntl-sc-block__trailing-links mntl-sc-block-review__trailing-links"><a class="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link mntl-text-link" data-tracking-container="true" href="https://public.com?dd_pm=none&amp;dd_pm_cat=brokerage&amp;dd_pm_company=public" id="mntl-sc-block-review__entity-link_13-0" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" target="_blank"><span class="link__wrapper">Open an Account</span></a> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_177-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-we-chose-it"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_178-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why We Chose It </span> </h2> <h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-subheading mntl-sc-block-subheading" id="mntl-sc-block_179-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Best for Alternative Investments </span> </h3> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_180-0"> Public offers an easy-to-use platform with social networking features, fractional investment capabilities, and a creative selection of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/alternative_investment.asp">alternative investment</a> options. In addition to stock, option, ETF, and cryptocurrency trading, Public provides a platform for purchasing Treasury bills and alternative investments, like rare sneakers, trading cards, royalties, and more.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_181-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_182-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-important" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_183-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_9-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_9-0"><p>While Public is our best brokerage for alternative investments and offers a novel mix of alternative investments, it’s important to know that many of these investments are highly illiquid and speculative. That means it may be difficult to buy and sell assets with ease.<br/></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-pros--cons"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_184-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Pros &amp; Cons </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-comparisonlist mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_185-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist" id="mntl-sc-block_186-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Pros</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Available fractional share investing<br/></p></li> <li><p>A social media element that connects investors</p></li> <li><p>Easy-to-use mobile app</p></li> <li><p>No payment for order flow on stocks and ETFs</p></li> <li><p>High interest earned on uninvested cash</p></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mntl-sc-block__wrapper mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__wrapper"> <span class="mntl-sc-block__heading mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__heading">Cons</span> <ul class="mntl-sc-block__list mntl-sc-block-comparisonlist__list"> <li><p>Very limited account types<br/></p></li> <li><p>Illiquid and expensive alternative investments</p></li> <li><p>Basic educational material</p></li> <li><p>Limited features</p></li> <li><p>One-leg options strategies only </p></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_187-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-overview"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_188-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Overview </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_189-0"> Established in 2019 by Jannick Malling and Leif Abraham, Public offers mobile and web browser-based trading best suited for investors interested in a unique set of alternative assets. The New York-headquartered company is a regulated broker-dealer, with <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sipc.asp">SIPC</a> protection in each account up to $500,000.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_190-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_191-0"> Public was developed to help lower the barrier to entry for those who shy away from investing due to a lack of financial literacy, as well as those who lack the means to acquire positions in many expensive financial products. The company has certainly succeeded on this front with its clean and simple user experience; commission trading of stocks, ETFs, and options; $0 account minimum; fractional investing; and social networking element.  </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_192-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_193-0"> However, the platform is not without its faults. To begin with, many of the alternative investments offered on the platform are highly illiquid and speculative, and come with high transaction costs. Next, Public does not engage in payment for order flow (PFOF), but it charges an assortment of fees for things like inactivity and instant withdrawals. Investors may also be turned off by the fact that Public requires users to manually opt out of tipping on each transaction, which the company calls “a more transparent, more aligned way to make money” than PFOF.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="24"></span> Lastly, Public currently only offers access to individual brokerage accounts.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="25"></span><br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_194-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-bottom-line"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_195-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Bottom Line </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-callout mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_196-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-finalverdict" data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" id="mntl-sc-block_197-0"><h3 class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_10-0"></h3> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_10-0"><p>Through our exhaustive research, we found that Fidelity not only outshines the competition when it comes to ETF investing, low costs, and cash management features, but it is also the best online brokerage platform overall. While International Brokers’ ongoing evolution into a more beginner-friendly platform is driving it closer to parity with the industry’s top all-around brokerage platforms, it remains a top choice for advanced trading techniques and risk management, as well as international trading.</p> <p>For traders planning to make options the main strategy they use to reach their investment goals, tastytrade’s platform and market content are hard to beat. Charles Schwab’s integration of TD Ameritrade's educational programs and trading personalities has produced an unparalleled body of actionable learning materials and live training content for beginners.</p> <p>E*TRADE’s long history of enhancing the user experience continues to shine through with its fantastic mobile apps, while eToro and Public bring social trading and networking to the next level as part of their top-rated crypto and alternative offerings.</p> <p><em>Options trading entails significant risk and is not appropriate for all investors. Certain complex options strategies carry additional risk. Before trading options, please read<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.theocc.com/Company-Information/Documents-and-Archives/Options-Disclosure-Document"> Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options</a>. Supporting documentation for any claims, if applicable, will be furnished upon request.</em></p> <p><em>There is an Options Regulatory Fee that applies to both option buy and sell transactions. The fee is subject to change. See <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://fidelity.com/commissions]%28https://www.fidelity.com/trading/commissions-margin-rates%29">Fidelity.com/commissions</a> for details.</em></p></div></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-compare-the-best-online-brokers"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_198-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Compare the Best Online Brokers </span> </h2> <figure class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-table js-table-scroll" id="mntl-sc-block_199-0"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-table__table"> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <colgroup span="1" style=""></colgroup> <tbody data-check="-1"> <tr> <td><b>Broker</b></td> <td><b>Star Rating</b></td> <td><b>Minimum Deposit</b></td> <td><b>Stock Trades</b></td> <td><b>Per Contract Options</b></td> <td><b>Max Option Legs</b></td> <td><b>Number of No-Load Mutual Funds</b></td> <td><b>Fractional Share Trading of Stocks</b></td> <td><b>New Spot Bitcoin ETFs</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-affiliate-link-rewriter="u1=${REQUEST_ID}-${DOC_ID}" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&amp;offerid=1500096.1073&amp;type=3&amp;subid=0" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Fidelity Investments</a></td> <td>4.8</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>4</td> <td>3396</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.schwab.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Charles Schwab</a></td> <td>4.7</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>4</td> <td>14,900</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia94a&amp;url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Interactive Brokers</a></td> <td>4.7</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>6</td> <td>19,000+</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">tastytrade</a></td> <td>4.5</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$1.00/Open Only</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://us.etrade.com/home" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">E*TRADE</a></td> <td>4.5</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>4</td> <td>6,310</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">eToro</a></td> <td>4.1</td> <td>Varies</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.65</td> <td>2</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="null" data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" href="https://www.public.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer sponsored nofollow">Public</a></td> <td>3.9</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.00</td> <td>$0.02-$0.05</td> <td>1</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></figure> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_200-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-why-you-should-trust-us"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_201-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Why You Should Trust Us </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_202-0"> Investopedia collected 89 criteria that are critical to investors, from 26 online brokerage companies. We used this data to review each brokerage platform for fees, usability, research amenities, and other key features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right decision for their investing needs. Investopedia launched in 1999, and has been helping readers find the best online brokerage accounts since 2019.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_203-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-to-choose-a-brokerage-account"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_204-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How to Choose a Brokerage Account </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_205-0"> When choosing an online <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockbroker.asp">broker</a>, you have to think about your immediate needs as an investor or trader. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-beginners-4587873">If you are a beginner</a>, you may need a broker that has great educational material about the stock market and other financial markets. Several brokers also allow for paper trading before funding an account, allowing you to learn the platform, sample the available assets, and test out the trading experience without risking real capital.<br/> </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_206-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_207-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Frequently Asked Questions </span> </h2> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_208-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-an-online-brokerage-account-and-how-does-it-work"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is an Online Brokerage Account and How Does it Work?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>A brokerage account is a type of account similar in function to the accounts you have with a bank. With a brokerage account, you deposit funds with an investment firm (the brokerage). This is usually done by a transfer from your existing bank account. Once funds are added to your brokerage account, you can put the money to work using the brokerage's trading platform to invest those funds in the market. The assets you buy with your cash can be anything offered by that brokerage, including stocks, bonds, ETFs, and even cryptocurrency.</p><p>Your online brokerage account will display your holdings (the assets you've purchased) as well as your cash balance (your buying power). If you invest in something that gains in value, you can sell it and the profits will be deposited in your online brokerage account. From there, you can place another trade or even transfer the funds out to your regular bank account to use elsewhere. Some brokerage accounts even allow you to earn interest on your uninvested cash.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_209-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_210-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-much-money-do-you-need-to-open-a-brokerage-account"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">How Much Money Do you Need to Open a Brokerage Account?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>There is no longer a real minimum to start investing in the financial markets. With many brokers offering margin accounts with access to fractional shares and no required minimums, you can open and fund an account with any amount of money. If you don't have a lot of money to invest, however, it will influence how you approach the market. Although you could invest $1 in <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fractionalshare.asp">fractional shares</a> of a specific stock, the better approach with limited capital is to use ETFs. <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/index-etf.asp">Index tracking ETFs</a>, for example, offer greater diversification for your dollar than a single company stock because every share (and fractional share) of the ETF replicates an index made up of many companies in many different industries. You could also consider using options to leverage your dollars with a directional bet on the market or a specific stock, but this is a strategy best reserved for <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskcapital.asp">risk capital</a>—not the whole of your limited investment capital.</p><p>When investing with small sums, consistency is the key to building wealth. If you can regularly put a set amount of money into the market—even $10 a week—you will be surprised at how quickly it begins to grow. This consistency also helps to smooth market effects, as you will be buying dips and peaks as the market goes up and down.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_211-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_212-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-invest-with-a-small-amount-of-money"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Invest With a Small Amount of Money?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Many online brokers allow for small minimum deposits which can be a great alternative for those with limited funds. Account minimums (if any) are displayed at the top of our reviews, as well as in our selection of the best platforms for different types of investors. If you are looking for more general guidance on investing with limited capital, check out our article on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/123115/best-ways-invest-500-5000.asp">smart investing on a small budget</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_213-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_214-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-do-brokers-offer-mobile-platforms"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Do Brokers Offer Mobile Platforms?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Some online brokers have powerful mobile apps delivering nearly all the features that their desktop counterparts do. For example, E*TRADE's app, which we picked as our best app for mobile investing and trading, offers two mobile platforms that are streamlined versions of the company's powerful desktop platform.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_215-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_216-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-you-lose-money-in-a-brokerage-account"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can You Lose Money in a Brokerage Account?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, you can. It is a reality of the market that <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/11/calculating-risk-reward.asp">no reward comes without risk</a>. You can lose money buying a bad investment, but you can also lose by buying a good investment at the wrong time. Investment decisions should be guided by extensive research and careful consideration of your risk tolerance. When it comes to the financial markets, there are endless possibilities for making and losing money. Unless all the funds in your brokerage account are sitting in uninvested cash (brokerage cash accounts are afforded up to $250,000 of protection by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sipc.asp">Securities Investor Protection Corporation</a> insurance), there is a risk you will lose money.</p><p><br/></p><p>Another way of looking at that, however, is that a brokerage account sitting full of uninvested cash isn't at risk of making any money either. You can use strategies like asset allocation and diversification to reduce the risk of you losing money, but you will never fully eliminate it without also eliminating your chances of making a decent return.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_217-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_218-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-can-i-buy-stocks-without-a-broker"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Can I Buy Stocks Without a Broker?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Yes, you can actually buy and sell stocks without a broker, but it is not a common approach these days. Some companies still offer <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/directstockpurchaseplan.asp">direct stock purchase plans</a> that allow you to buy shares directly from the company. Companies administer these plans according to internal rules, and some are only open to company employees. You need to contact companies to find out whether they offer a direct stock purchase plan and what the terms and conditions are. These plans initially helped investors avoid brokerage fees, but the rise of online discount brokers with zero fees has removed this barrier, making the direct stock purchase plan somewhat of a relic.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_219-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_220-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-the-difference-between-investing-and-trading"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What Is the Difference Between Investing and Trading?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>An important thing to consider is the distinction between <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/12/difference-investing-trading.asp">investing and trading</a>. When people talk about investing they generally mean buying assets to hold long-term. The goal of investing is to gradually build wealth and reach your retirement goals. Conversely, trading involves short-term strategies that maximize returns on a short-term basis, such as daily or monthly. Trading is generally considered riskier than investing.</p><p>All these factors are worth considering before choosing an online broker. Do you want to trade or invest? Do you want a great mobile app to check your portfolio wherever you are? What types of assets are you looking to invest in? Answering these questions is not always easy. For more support on how to choose a broker, you can check out our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/complete-guide-choosing-online-stock-broker/">guide to choosing a stock broker</a>. Once you've made a decision on a broker, you can refer to our <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-open-an-online-brokerage-account-4588908">guide to opening a brokerage account</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_221-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer" id="mntl-sc-block_222-0"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-companies-we-reviewed"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">Companies We Reviewed</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>We researched and reviewed 26 online brokers and trading platforms to find the best companies you see in the list above. Below is the full list of companies we researched along with links to individual company reviews to help you learn more before making a decision:<br/></p><p><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ally-invest-review-4587885">Ally Invest</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-review-4587888">Charles Schwab</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/choicetrade-review-4587889">ChoiceTrade</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-review-4587893">E*TRADE</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/eoption-review-4587895">eOption</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/etoro-review-6741360">eToro</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="7" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897">Fidelity</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="8" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904">Interactive Brokers</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="9" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/j-p-morgan-self-directed-investing-review-6542695">J.P. Morgan SDI</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="10" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/lightspeed-review-4587908">Lightspeed</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="11" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/just2trade-review-4587906">Lime Financial</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="12" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/merrill-edge-review-4587910">Merrill Edge</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="13" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/public-review-5201034">Public</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="14" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/robinhood-review-4587919">Robinhood</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="15" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-active-investing-review-5199960">SoFi Invest</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="16" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/sogotrade-review-4587921">SogoTrade</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="17" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/t-rowe-price-review-4587924">T. Rowe Price</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="18" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tastyworks-review-4587986">tastytrade</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="19" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tradestation-review-4587927">TradeStation</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="20" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tradezero-review-6543656">TradeZero</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="21" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/vanguard-review-4587932">Vanguard</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="22" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/webull-review-5201033">Webull</a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="23" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/wellstrade-review-4587934">Wellstrade</a><br/></p><p><br/></p></div> </div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_223-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-inlinevideo mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo mntl-block has-details inline-video" id="mntl-sc-block_224-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video-container mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video-container_1-0"><div class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video mntl-jwplayer mm-video lazyload aspectratio-16:9" data-bgset="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/LXGzZxth/poster.jpg?width=720" data-sizes="auto" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__video_1-0"></div></div> <h4 class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__title mntl-text-block" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__title_1-0">How to Pick a Broker That's Right for You</h4> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link-wrapper mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link-wrapper_1-0"><span class="comp mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link mntl-text-link mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link mntl-text-link" id="mntl-sc-block-inlinevideo__feature-link_1-0"></span></div></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_225-0"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-how-we-picked-the-best-online-brokers-and-trading-platforms"></span><h2 class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading" id="mntl-sc-block_226-0"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> How We Picked the Best Online Brokers and Trading Platforms </span> </h2> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_227-0"> Providing readers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of online brokers and trading platforms is a top priority for Investopedia. We combined our industry research, subject matter expertise, and investor survey data to guide the research and weightings for our 2024 online broker awards. To collect the data, we sent a digital survey with 110 questions to each of the 26 companies we included in our rubric. Additionally, our team of researchers verified the survey responses and collected any missing data points through online research and conversations with each company directly. The data collection process spanned from Feb. 19 to March 19, 2024. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_228-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_229-0"> We then developed a proprietary model that scored each company to rate its performance across 11 major categories and 89 criteria to find the best online brokers and trading platforms. The score for each company’s overall star rating is a weighted average of the criteria in the following categories: </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_230-0"></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-iframe mntl-sc-block-iframe mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_231-0"><iframe allow="encrypted-media 'src'" allowfullscreen="false" class="comp mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri mntl-block lazyload" data-src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/hVT26/3/" frameborder="0" id="mntl-sc-block-iframe__uri_1-0" title="Online Broker Evaluation Categories"></iframe></div> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_232-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_233-0"> Additionally, during our 2024 research, many of the companies we reviewed gave us live demonstrations of their platforms and services via video conferencing methods and also granted our team of expert writers and editors access to live accounts so they could perform hands-on testing. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_234-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_235-0"> Through this all-encompassing data collection and review process, Investopedia has provided you with an unbiased and thorough review of the top online brokers and trading platforms. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_236-0"></div> <p class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html" id="mntl-sc-block_237-0"> Learn more about <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="https://www.investopedia.com/broker-ranking-methodology-4587135">how we review online brokers</a>. </p> <div class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block" id="mntl-sc-block_238-0"></div> <span 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The best brokerage platforms provide strong customer support, robust research and analytical tools, a wide range of investable assets, an abundance of investment account types, and more, all with a transparent fee structure and limited gamification tactics. After hundreds of hours of comprehensive research, data analysis, and live broker platform demos, Fidelity Investments is our best overall online brokerage platform for investors due to its low fees, expansive product offering, wide-ranging full-service features, and so much more. Fidelity is just one of 26 online brokers that we evaluated based on 89 criteria, including available assets, account services, user experience, and additional features. ## Best Online Brokerage Accounts and Trading Platforms of 2024 * **Best Overall**: [Fidelity](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) * **Best for Low Costs**: [Fidelity](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) * **Best for Beginners**: [Charles Schwab](https://www.schwab.com) * **Best for Advanced Traders**: [Interactive Brokers](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) * **Best for ETFs**: [Fidelity](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) * **Best for Options Trading**: [tastytrade](https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1) * **Best for International Trading**: [Interactive Brokers](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) * **Best for Mobile Investing & Trading**: [E\*TRADE](https://us.etrade.com/home) * **Best for Cryptocurrency Trading**: [eToro](https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx) * **Best for Risk Management**: [Interactive Brokers](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) * **Best for Cash Management**: [Fidelity](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) * **Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas**: [Interactive Brokers](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) * **Best for Algorithmic Trading**: [Interactive Brokers](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) * **Best for Alternative Investments**: [Public](https://www.public.com/) ## Fidelity Investments: Best Overall, Best for ETFs, Best for Low Costs, Best for Cash Management 4.8 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/2z0zeePI0hjFFCPW3eB8ckVLU6s=/2160x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Fid-Logo-Blk-2160x480-8a29ae20e787478b80d7e7732debf40f.jpg)](https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897) [Open an Account](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) * **Account Minimum**: $0 * **Fees**: $0 for stock/ETF trades, $0 plus $0.65/contract for options trades [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897) [Open an Account](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) ## Why We Chose It ### Best Overall When it comes to bringing critical full-service brokerage features, sophisticated tools, and low fees to a wide range of traders and investors, all across continually enhanced platforms, Fidelity reigns supreme for the third consecutive year.  ### Best for ETFs Fidelity is our [best broker for ETFs](https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-etfs-4587875) because of its rich ETF-focused educational content and research tools, expansive ETF offering, and fractional ETF trading. Fidelity is a repeat winner in this category, after earning the top from Charles Schwab spot in 2023. ### Best for Low Costs Fidelity has long been an industry leader when it comes to lower fees, and its transparent and compelling fee schedule is the reason why, for the third year running, it wins for low costs. ### Best for Cash Management Finding the best brokerage account for cash management is not just about earning the highest interest rate possible. It’s also about seamless integration with critical, no-fee banking features and industry-leading insurance. In these areas, Fidelity’s cash management offering is unmatched, and it comes with solid passive earnings power on uninvested cash, along with reimbursable access to a global network of ATMs. ## Pros & Cons Pros * No payment for order flow (PFOF) makes for excellent order execution * Strong portfolio analysis and account features * Superior trading platforms for all types of investors * Top-tier educational content, screening tools, and research capabilities * FDIC insurance up to $5 million Cons * Only two digital coins available for trading * Minimum balance required for some index trading * Multiple platforms may be required to access all tools ## Overview In an industry full of innovative companies competing for the attention of an incredibly diverse universe of traders and investors, Fidelity delivers the most well-rounded product offering to suit the needs of nearly every investor. Headquartered in Boston, Fidelity’s storied history began with its founding in 1946. With $4.9 trillion in discretionary assets as of December 2023, the company ranks among the top brokerage firms in terms of [assets under management](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp). Investopedia began evaluating online brokerages in 2019, and Fidelity has shown a commitment to improving its financial products and services ever since. Improvements in financial advisor support, bond liquidity analysis, and the new Fidelity Youth app were the highlights of our 2024 product demonstration with the company. In fact, of the 38.7 million brokerage accounts that Fidelity services, 43% of those accounts have been opened by investors 18 to 35 years of age. But the improvements didn't stop there. Fidelity now also has a comprehensive cash management product that is jam-packed with banking features.  Fidelity has long been an industry leader when it comes to lowering fees, and it has a stellar reputation as a broker with a huge customer service network, including 200 customer centers, supporting its low-cost, high-value offering. Investors looking for an online broker that keeps costs low, all while delivering some of the most powerful tools in the industry and resisting the common industry practice of collecting [PFOF](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paymentoforderflow.asp), will be hard-pressed to find a better broker than Fidelity. ### ACTUAL USER EXPERIENCE "I moved all of our family’s investment accounts to Fidelity in 2021 for one simple, but valuable, reason: It’s the only brokerage firm that offers every single account type we have, allowing me to house all of our investments under the same roof. We have a lot of different account types—from various retirement and taxable accounts, to an inherited IRA, to 529s and custodial accounts, and even an investable HSA. Before consolidating to Fidelity, I had to log into multiple places to check on our various investments. Now, except for a new workplace 401(k), I have one login that shows me everything on a single screen. And when I need customer support, Fidelity advisors can also view things as a whole. Moving to Fidelity has added a lot of ease and efficiency to my financial life." - Sabrina Karl, Staff Writer for Investopedia ### Editor's Note In addition to our review of Fidelity's online brokerage platform, we've also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, [Fidelity Go](https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-go-review-4691305). ## Charles Schwab: Best for Beginners 4.7 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/p-xwUVi8CfYUF9oWOYPQE1IaHJk=/2939x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charles-schwab-productcard-5c742da0c9e77c00010d6c5b.png)](https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-review-4587888) [Open an Account](https://www.schwab.com/) * **Account Minimum**: $0 * **Fees**: $0 for stock/ETF trades, $0.65 per contract for options [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-review-4587888) [Open an Account](https://www.schwab.com/) ## Why We Chose It ### Best for Beginners Even before TD Ameritrade’s educational content was incorporated into its ecosystem, Charles Schwab—which acquired TD Ameritrade in 2020—was known as one of the best platforms for new traders and investors. With the integration nearing completion in May of 2024, Schwab has taken over top ranks in this category, a position previously held by TD Ameritrade for the past two years. Schwab now houses the most comprehensive library of evergreen learning materials, along with seemingly endless coaching programs and regularly scheduled live training events, making it the best for beginner investors. ### Research Insights “If you’re a beginner trader, a user-friendly broker platform will be key. It should be easy to navigate and understand, like using a familiar app. Don’t forget about learning! Look for a broker that offers educational resources to help you understand the market and make informed decisions. Many brokers now offer commission-free trades on stocks and ETFs, so be sure to factor that in as you compare costs.  Consider fractional shares too! They allow you to invest in smaller portions of expensive stocks or funds, a great way to get started without a huge initial investment.” -Amrut Deshmukh, Investopedia Research Analyst ## Pros & Cons Pros * Industry-leading educational content * Multiple user-friendly platforms * Superb ETF research and scanners * Over 400 branches in 45 states * Access to the highly regarded thinkorswim® platform Cons * Relatively high margin rates * Low interest earned on uninvested cash * Lacks fractional ETF trading * No direct investments in cryptocurrencies ## Overview After Chuck Schwab and his partners formed First Commander Corporation in April 1971, they later changed the company’s name to Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. in 1973. Charles Schwab has experienced continuous growth over the years and, in October 2020, completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade, with full client integration expected to wrap up in May 2024. Not only does Schwab provide the right mix of usability, tools, education, and research to cater to its diverse customer base, but it does so across multiple top-tier platforms.  With Schwab’s integration of TD Ameritrade nearly complete, the powerful combination of Schwab’s exceptional lineup of products and services and TD Ameritrade’s powerful capabilities for traders has boosted the company even closer to the top of our comprehensive rating model. One of the most anticipated additions to Schwab's lineup occurred on April 11, 2024, with the company announcing that futures and forex trading, along with a new Portfolio Margin feature, have been made available on its thinkorswim platform.Prospective customers should note, however, that crypto spot trading still isn’t available. ### Editor's Note In addition to our review of Charles Schwab’s online brokerage platform, we also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, [Schwab Intelligent Portfolios](https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-intelligent-portfolios-review-4692523). ## Interactive Brokers: Best for Advanced Traders, Best for International Trading, Best for Algorithmic Trading, Best for Risk Management, Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas 4.7 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Jlqwe9PIU2-1CgoUVti1ZBdVI5g=/4200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/interactive_brokers_productcard-5c61eec746e0fb0001f25462.png)](https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904) [Open an Account](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) * **Account Minimum:** $0.00 * **Fees:**$0.00 commissions for equities/ETFs available on IBKR’s TWS Lite, or low costs scaled by volume for active traders that want access to advanced functionality such as order routing. $0.65 per contract for options on TWS Lite; that is also the base rate for TWS Pro users, with scaled rates based on volume. $0.85 per contract for futures. [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904) [Open an Account](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia98a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) ## Why We Chose It ### Best for Advanced Traders Interactive Brokers’ lineup of advanced analytical tools, trading technology, and breadth of assets is, quite frankly, awe-inspiring. Ongoing enhancements to legacy platforms like the masterfully constructed Trader Workstation (TWS) and the February 2024 addition of the next-generation IBKR desktop offer just a small glimpse into how Interactive Brokers equips advanced traders to capitalize on fundamental dislocations and pricing inefficiencies better than any other platform we reviewed. This is the third straight year Interactive Brokers has earned this award. ### Research Insights “For intraday and advanced traders, speed is everything. Look for a broker with fast execution speeds to ensure your trades go through quickly. In-depth market research is also crucial, so tools and data analysis are important features to consider. Advanced features like algorithmic trading and order routing control can be helpful for active traders looking to automate strategies or optimize order fulfillment. But remember, even the most advanced tools won’t guarantee success—reliability and low costs remain essential for all traders.” -Amrut Deshmukh, Investopedia Research Analyst ### Best for International Trading Simply put, not one of the 26 online brokerage companies we reviewed comes close to offering the scope of global research capabilities, international trading and support access, and currency-based funding variety that Interactive Brokers offers. That's why, for the third straight year, the company is our top broker for international traders. ### Best for Algorithmic Trading As trading technology continues to advance, so too does the interest in algorithmic trading. Advanced traders will find a powerful lineup of algorithmic trading features in Interactive Brokers’ pre-built algos, a laundry list of API languages, available algorithmic paper trading accounts, and so much more. ### Best for Risk Management With its powerful rebalancing features, robust portfolio and risk analysis tools, nearly boundless opportunities for asset diversification, and available access to licensed brokers, investors will be hard-pressed to find a better platform for managing portfolio risk than Interactive Brokers. ### Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas For professional and retail traders looking for investing and trading ideas across the vast universe of equities, over short-, intermediate-, and long-term time horizons, Interactive Brokers brings together leading industry research vendors, proprietary search tools, and the industry’s largest universe of investable stocks to provide a nearly endless source of ideas that suit every investing and trading strategy.   ## Pros & Cons Pros * Increasing availability of beginner-friendly platforms * Superior order execution * Industry-best selection of contingent orders * Unparalleled range of investable foreign and domestic assets * Powerful and highly customizable professional-level functionality Cons * IBKR's SmartRouting not available to IBKR Lite clients * TWS can be difficult to learn * No in-platform backtesting * Often confusing tiered pricing ## Overview Founded under the name T.P. & Co. in 1978 by its current chairman, Thomas Peterffy, the company pioneered the use of computers in trading. Eventually, Interactive Brokers Inc. was incorporated as a U.S. broker-dealer in 1993, and the company has since developed into one of the industry’s most complete online brokerage platforms. Interactive Brokers (IBKR) offers astonishing access to 150 markets in 34 countries and support for its services in 200 countries, all with funding and trading capabilities in up to 27 currencies. Simply put, this is the broadest global coverage in the industry. One of the first adopters of technology to the financial markets, both algorithmic and active traders have long regarded the company highly for its advanced trading features, highly customizable tools, low margin rates, and [alpha](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/alpha.asp)-generating capabilities. Investopedia's team of industry experts is constantly delighted by IBKR’s innovative enhancements that just make so much sense from a purist’s perspective. IBKR’s latest product innovation is IBKR Desktop, a next-generation platform that combines a simple user interface with many of the company’s powerful trading solutions. It features innovations like Option Lattice, a graphical options chain display highlighting potential outliers in key metrics, and MultiSort, which enables users to sort data using multiple factors simultaneously. This idea of simplicity is really where things have been getting interesting for Interactive Brokers, as the company has committed to making its platforms more accessible to beginners. With notable touches like the expansion of educational content across several platforms, including its entry-level IBKR Lite platform; available fractional investing; and the innovative and helpful Options Wizard tool offered on its user-friendly Global Trader mobile app (as well as other platforms), Interactive Brokers is quickly gaining ground on the industry’s top all-around brokerage platforms.   ### Editor's Note: In addition to our review of Interactive Brokers' online brokerage platform, we've also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, [Interactive Advisors](https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-advisors-review-4685247). ## tastytrade: Best Broker for Options 4.5 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/L8ZECxl7jcuDMm1z8B_fgCakK_g=/640x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/tastytradelogo-454669c3e9e543468182244f6f493b38.png)](https://www.investopedia.com/tastytrade-review-4587986) [Open an Account](https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1) * **Account** **Minimum**: $0 * **Fees & Commissions**: $0 stock trades, $1 to open options trades (capped at $10 per leg), $0 to close [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/tastytrade-review-4587986) [Open an Account](https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1) ## Why We Chose It ### Best for Options Trading For the third year in a row, we chose tastytrade as the best options trading platform because of its options pricing structure, which includes options pricing caps that make it the lowest-cost brokerage for high-volume, high-frequency option traders. In addition, tastytrade optimizes tools and content to suit the needs of its options-focused client base. ## Pros & Cons Pros * Capped commission structure for options * Highly regarded tools for analyzing and monitoring options trades * Fantastic options-specific content and educational material * Fully customizable trading experience * Follow Feed feature allows users to follow trades of tastytrade's TV celebrities Cons * No on-platform paper trading support * Few investing and retirement resources * Lacks some key investment choices like mutual funds ## Overview Ask any options trader and they are likely to tell you that this form of [derivative](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equity_derivative.asp) trading is complex and difficult to master. But with the right guidance, the many options strategies that are available to use can become powerful weapons that allow both traders and investors to benefit from key factors like [time decay](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/timedecay.asp) and leverage. Created by the same people who developed TD Ameritrade’s highly regarded thinkorswim platform, tastytrade maintains its stance as the best broker for options because of its intuitive delivery of an industry-best mix of comprehensive options-focused tools and content.  Launched as tastyworks in 2017 and headquartered in Chicago, tastytrade delivers very competitive fees for [options trading](https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-options-trading-4587876), including standout features like commission caps for large lot sizes, as well as the absence of any trade commissions when closing positions. Fortunately for tastytrade users, these low commissions come with a platform that continues to undergo enhancements which complement its already powerful delivery of options analytics, platform workflow, trade execution, and valuable digital content.  ## E\*TRADE: Best for Mobile Investing & Trading 4.5 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/3eDrUHCx4Y2-qsHI5J-Qfd6r6OA=/1741x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Etrade2022-22aa6950945a4c6c9b263e56e4263fba.jpg)](https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-review-4587893) [Open an Account](https://us.etrade.com/) * **Account** **Minimum**: $0 * **Fees**: No commission for stock, ETF, and mutual fund trades. Options are $0.50-$0.65 per contract, depending on trading volume. [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-review-4587893) [Open an Account](https://us.etrade.com/) ## Why We Chose It ### Best for Mobile Investing & Trading A pioneer in both mobile and online trading, E\*TRADE has mastered the art of developing a mobile experience with the right mix of intuitive navigation, robust portfolio and risk management capabilities, deep research, easy-to-digest education, and complex trading tools to cater to investors and traders of all levels. Ongoing enhancements to E\*TRADE's mobile capabilities over the past couple of years have caused it to solidify its position as our best mobile trading and investing platform for the first time ever. ## Pros & Cons Pros * Excellent range of tools and resources * Pre-built and automated portfolio options * Educational content library * Top mobile apps for traders and investors of all levels Cons * Lacks international exchange trading * No direct crypto investing * Fractional shares only available through a robo-advisor portfolio or dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) ## Overview Since its founding in 1982, E\*TRADE has been at the forefront of embracing innovation that makes for one of the best customer experiences in the industry. Following Morgan Stanley’s acquisition of E\*TRADE in 2020, the company has only continued to advance its capabilities by integrating many of Morgan Stanley’s highly regarded research materials, thought leadership insights, and large pool of financial advisors.   As one of the largest online brokers in the country, E\*TRADE brings an expansive list of investment choices and trading tools to its customer base of 8.2 million households via its website, desktop, and two mobile platforms. E\*TRADE’s already vast educational catalog has only grown with the Morgan Stanley integration, complementing the intuitive site design in a way that lets new investors enter the market with confidence. For more experienced investors, the ability to do deep analysis has never been greater now that proprietary Morgan Stanley research joins highly regarded third-party research and consensus ratings. While E\*TRADE only offers these more advanced traders exposure to cryptocurrencies via ETFs and related stocks, traders have access to a wide array of analysis tools, charting functionality, and trading technology to make the most informed decisions in this and many other asset classes.  ### Editors note In addition to our review of E\*TRADE’s online brokerage platform, we also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, [E\*TRADE Core Portfolios](https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-core-portfolios-review-4692597). ## eToro: Best for Cryptocurrency Trading 4.1 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/nVmZ7_E17YT8OZYTxPH_LfqfOJo=/3480x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/eToro-logo-20d30156718947bcab27419d63c29ff3.jpg)](https://www.investopedia.com/etoro-review-6741360) [Open an Account](https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx) * **Account Minimum:** $100 for stocks and ETFs, $200 for CopyTrader * **Fees:** 1% crypto trading fee; no-fee stock, ETF, and options trading [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/etoro-review-6741360) [Open an Account](https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx) ## Why We Chose It ### Best for Cryptocurrency Trading eToro offers access to the largest crypto coin selection of any company we cover in the online broker space, and it does this with one of the most user-friendly experiences in the industry. One login to eToro’s online brokerage platform gives users access to stock, ETF, and futures trading, as well as 21 physical crypto coins, all on the company’s intuitive and socially focused web-based and mobile platforms. ## Pros & Cons Pros * Established platform available in over 100 countries * Relatively large selection of tradable crypto assets * Innovative and easy-to-use social trading experience Cons * Only available in 47 states * Very limited account types * General lack of advanced trading tools, features, and research * No margin trading in the U.S. * Options trading only offered to U.S. and U.K. residents via a separate app ## Overview Originally developed with a focus on forex trading in 2007, eToro eventually transformed and in 2010 created one of the first social trading experiences, called OpenBook. Since then, the company has enhanced this means of enabling users to learn from and copy other seasoned traders across popular asset classes like stocks, ETFs, futures, and crypto. Currently, eToro is only available in 47 U.S. states, but its 25 million-plus users can also find support in more than 140 countries around the world. eToro recently upgraded its charting capability with the addition of Tradingview’s Pro charts, but the platform still lacks many of the tools, calculators, and detailed [order types](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/basics-trading-stock-know-your-orders/) beyond basic market and limit orders that most sophisticated investors would find necessary to carry out advanced trading techniques. eToro provides real-time pricing information for 21 cryptocurrencies, over 3,000 stocks, and more than 270 ETFs, covering the most important assets and securities. eToro’s crypto wallet is a separate omnibus wallet with its address. Users can’t bring in their existing crypto, but they can buy and store it with eToro’s wallet. Additionally, there is no staking available in eToro wallet. While eToro recently added options trading to its asset mix, this functionality is currently offered to U.S. customers via a separate app. However, during our live demonstration with eToro we learned that options trading is currently being piloted in the U.K. and will soon be made available on the main app. ### Editor's Note eToro's selection of 21 available crypto coins is the largest of the 26 online brokerage and trading platforms we reviewed. However, this is far less than what's offered by many traditional cryptocurrency exchanges. Learn more about the [best cryptocurrency exchanges](https://www.investopedia.com/best-crypto-exchanges-5071855). ## Public: Best for Alternative Investments 3.9 [![](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8Z0yUjmMZN79si7cLwCLMgW53ik=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Public.com-9d64cd7c952c494fbe91eaf028b85a00.jpg)](https://www.investopedia.com/public-review-5201034) [Open an Account](https://public.com?dd_pm=none&dd_pm_cat=brokerage&dd_pm_company=public) * **Account Minimum**: $0 * **Fees**: $0 stocks and ETFs, Alternative assets: 2.5% per transaction; Public Premium: $10/month [Read full review](https://www.investopedia.com/public-review-5201034) [Open an Account](https://public.com?dd_pm=none&dd_pm_cat=brokerage&dd_pm_company=public) ## Why We Chose It ### Best for Alternative Investments Public offers an easy-to-use platform with social networking features, fractional investment capabilities, and a creative selection of [alternative investment](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/alternative_investment.asp) options. In addition to stock, option, ETF, and cryptocurrency trading, Public provides a platform for purchasing Treasury bills and alternative investments, like rare sneakers, trading cards, royalties, and more. ### While Public is our best brokerage for alternative investments and offers a novel mix of alternative investments, it’s important to know that many of these investments are highly illiquid and speculative. That means it may be difficult to buy and sell assets with ease. ## Pros & Cons Pros * Available fractional share investing * A social media element that connects investors * Easy-to-use mobile app * No payment for order flow on stocks and ETFs * High interest earned on uninvested cash Cons * Very limited account types * Illiquid and expensive alternative investments * Basic educational material * Limited features * One-leg options strategies only ## Overview Established in 2019 by Jannick Malling and Leif Abraham, Public offers mobile and web browser-based trading best suited for investors interested in a unique set of alternative assets. The New York-headquartered company is a regulated broker-dealer, with [SIPC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sipc.asp) protection in each account up to $500,000. Public was developed to help lower the barrier to entry for those who shy away from investing due to a lack of financial literacy, as well as those who lack the means to acquire positions in many expensive financial products. The company has certainly succeeded on this front with its clean and simple user experience; commission trading of stocks, ETFs, and options; $0 account minimum; fractional investing; and social networking element.  However, the platform is not without its faults. To begin with, many of the alternative investments offered on the platform are highly illiquid and speculative, and come with high transaction costs. Next, Public does not engage in payment for order flow (PFOF), but it charges an assortment of fees for things like inactivity and instant withdrawals. Investors may also be turned off by the fact that Public requires users to manually opt out of tipping on each transaction, which the company calls “a more transparent, more aligned way to make money” than PFOF. Lastly, Public currently only offers access to individual brokerage accounts. ## The Bottom Line ### Through our exhaustive research, we found that Fidelity not only outshines the competition when it comes to ETF investing, low costs, and cash management features, but it is also the best online brokerage platform overall. While International Brokers’ ongoing evolution into a more beginner-friendly platform is driving it closer to parity with the industry’s top all-around brokerage platforms, it remains a top choice for advanced trading techniques and risk management, as well as international trading. For traders planning to make options the main strategy they use to reach their investment goals, tastytrade’s platform and market content are hard to beat. Charles Schwab’s integration of TD Ameritrade's educational programs and trading personalities has produced an unparalleled body of actionable learning materials and live training content for beginners. E\*TRADE’s long history of enhancing the user experience continues to shine through with its fantastic mobile apps, while eToro and Public bring social trading and networking to the next level as part of their top-rated crypto and alternative offerings. *Options trading entails significant risk and is not appropriate for all investors. Certain complex options strategies carry additional risk. Before trading options, please read[Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options](https://www.theocc.com/Company-Information/Documents-and-Archives/Options-Disclosure-Document). Supporting documentation for any claims, if applicable, will be furnished upon request.* *There is an Options Regulatory Fee that applies to both option buy and sell transactions. The fee is subject to change. See [Fidelity.com/commissions](http://fidelity.com/commissions]%28https://www.fidelity.com/trading/commissions-margin-rates%29) for details.* ## Compare the Best Online Brokers | **Broker** | **Star Rating** | **Minimum Deposit** | **Stock Trades** | **Per Contract Options** | **Max Option Legs** | **Number of No-Load Mutual Funds** | **Fractional Share Trading of Stocks** | **New Spot Bitcoin ETFs** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Fidelity Investments](https://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=RL7M2q*4kuk&offerid=1500096.1073&type=3&subid=0) | 4.8 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 4 | 3396 | Yes | Yes | | [Charles Schwab](https://www.schwab.com/) | 4.7 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 4 | 14,900 | Yes | Yes | | [Interactive Brokers](https://www.interactivebrokers.com/mkt/?src=investopedia94a&url=%2Fen%2Fwhyib%2Foverview.php) | 4.7 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 6 | 19,000+ | Yes | Yes | | [tastytrade](https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.110872.INVESTOPEDIAUS/B30800776.384837585;dc_trk_aid=575518463;dc_trk_cid=203470243;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1) | 4.5 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $1.00/Open Only | 4 | 0 | Yes | Yes | | [E\*TRADE](https://us.etrade.com/home) | 4.5 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 4 | 6,310 | Yes | Yes | | [eToro](https://med.etoro.com/B12690_A113056_TClick.aspx) | 4.1 | Varies | $0.00 | $0.65 | 2 | N/A | Yes | Yes | | [Public](https://www.public.com/) | 3.9 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.02-$0.05 | 1 | N/A | Yes | Yes | ## Why You Should Trust Us Investopedia collected 89 criteria that are critical to investors, from 26 online brokerage companies. We used this data to review each brokerage platform for fees, usability, research amenities, and other key features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right decision for their investing needs. Investopedia launched in 1999, and has been helping readers find the best online brokerage accounts since 2019. ## How to Choose a Brokerage Account When choosing an online [broker](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockbroker.asp), you have to think about your immediate needs as an investor or trader. [If you are a beginner](https://www.investopedia.com/best-brokers-for-beginners-4587873), you may need a broker that has great educational material about the stock market and other financial markets. Several brokers also allow for paper trading before funding an account, allowing you to learn the platform, sample the available assets, and test out the trading experience without risking real capital. ## Frequently Asked Questions ## What Is an Online Brokerage Account and How Does it Work? A brokerage account is a type of account similar in function to the accounts you have with a bank. With a brokerage account, you deposit funds with an investment firm (the brokerage). This is usually done by a transfer from your existing bank account. Once funds are added to your brokerage account, you can put the money to work using the brokerage's trading platform to invest those funds in the market. The assets you buy with your cash can be anything offered by that brokerage, including stocks, bonds, ETFs, and even cryptocurrency. Your online brokerage account will display your holdings (the assets you've purchased) as well as your cash balance (your buying power). If you invest in something that gains in value, you can sell it and the profits will be deposited in your online brokerage account. From there, you can place another trade or even transfer the funds out to your regular bank account to use elsewhere. Some brokerage accounts even allow you to earn interest on your uninvested cash. ## How Much Money Do you Need to Open a Brokerage Account? There is no longer a real minimum to start investing in the financial markets. With many brokers offering margin accounts with access to fractional shares and no required minimums, you can open and fund an account with any amount of money. If you don't have a lot of money to invest, however, it will influence how you approach the market. Although you could invest $1 in [fractional shares](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fractionalshare.asp) of a specific stock, the better approach with limited capital is to use ETFs. [Index tracking ETFs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/index-etf.asp), for example, offer greater diversification for your dollar than a single company stock because every share (and fractional share) of the ETF replicates an index made up of many companies in many different industries. You could also consider using options to leverage your dollars with a directional bet on the market or a specific stock, but this is a strategy best reserved for [risk capital](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskcapital.asp)—not the whole of your limited investment capital. When investing with small sums, consistency is the key to building wealth. If you can regularly put a set amount of money into the market—even $10 a week—you will be surprised at how quickly it begins to grow. This consistency also helps to smooth market effects, as you will be buying dips and peaks as the market goes up and down. ## Can You Invest With a Small Amount of Money? Many online brokers allow for small minimum deposits which can be a great alternative for those with limited funds. Account minimums (if any) are displayed at the top of our reviews, as well as in our selection of the best platforms for different types of investors. If you are looking for more general guidance on investing with limited capital, check out our article on [smart investing on a small budget](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/123115/best-ways-invest-500-5000.asp). ## Do Brokers Offer Mobile Platforms? Some online brokers have powerful mobile apps delivering nearly all the features that their desktop counterparts do. For example, E\*TRADE's app, which we picked as our best app for mobile investing and trading, offers two mobile platforms that are streamlined versions of the company's powerful desktop platform. ## Can You Lose Money in a Brokerage Account? Yes, you can. It is a reality of the market that [no reward comes without risk](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/11/calculating-risk-reward.asp). You can lose money buying a bad investment, but you can also lose by buying a good investment at the wrong time. Investment decisions should be guided by extensive research and careful consideration of your risk tolerance. When it comes to the financial markets, there are endless possibilities for making and losing money. Unless all the funds in your brokerage account are sitting in uninvested cash (brokerage cash accounts are afforded up to $250,000 of protection by [Securities Investor Protection Corporation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sipc.asp) insurance), there is a risk you will lose money. Another way of looking at that, however, is that a brokerage account sitting full of uninvested cash isn't at risk of making any money either. You can use strategies like asset allocation and diversification to reduce the risk of you losing money, but you will never fully eliminate it without also eliminating your chances of making a decent return. ## Can I Buy Stocks Without a Broker? Yes, you can actually buy and sell stocks without a broker, but it is not a common approach these days. Some companies still offer [direct stock purchase plans](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/directstockpurchaseplan.asp) that allow you to buy shares directly from the company. Companies administer these plans according to internal rules, and some are only open to company employees. You need to contact companies to find out whether they offer a direct stock purchase plan and what the terms and conditions are. These plans initially helped investors avoid brokerage fees, but the rise of online discount brokers with zero fees has removed this barrier, making the direct stock purchase plan somewhat of a relic. ## What Is the Difference Between Investing and Trading? An important thing to consider is the distinction between [investing and trading](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/12/difference-investing-trading.asp). When people talk about investing they generally mean buying assets to hold long-term. The goal of investing is to gradually build wealth and reach your retirement goals. Conversely, trading involves short-term strategies that maximize returns on a short-term basis, such as daily or monthly. Trading is generally considered riskier than investing. All these factors are worth considering before choosing an online broker. Do you want to trade or invest? Do you want a great mobile app to check your portfolio wherever you are? What types of assets are you looking to invest in? Answering these questions is not always easy. For more support on how to choose a broker, you can check out our [guide to choosing a stock broker](https://www.investopedia.com/investing/complete-guide-choosing-online-stock-broker/). Once you've made a decision on a broker, you can refer to our [guide to opening a brokerage account](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-open-an-online-brokerage-account-4588908). ## Companies We Reviewed We researched and reviewed 26 online brokers and trading platforms to find the best companies you see in the list above. Below is the full list of companies we researched along with links to individual company reviews to help you learn more before making a decision: [Ally Invest](https://www.investopedia.com/ally-invest-review-4587885), [Charles Schwab](https://www.investopedia.com/charles-schwab-review-4587888), [ChoiceTrade](https://www.investopedia.com/choicetrade-review-4587889), [E\*TRADE](https://www.investopedia.com/e-trade-review-4587893), [eOption](https://www.investopedia.com/eoption-review-4587895), [eToro](https://www.investopedia.com/etoro-review-6741360), [Fidelity](https://www.investopedia.com/fidelity-review-4587897), [Interactive Brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/interactive-brokers-review-4587904), [J.P. Morgan SDI](https://www.investopedia.com/j-p-morgan-self-directed-investing-review-6542695), [Lightspeed](https://www.investopedia.com/lightspeed-review-4587908), [Lime Financial](https://www.investopedia.com/just2trade-review-4587906), [Merrill Edge](https://www.investopedia.com/merrill-edge-review-4587910), [Public](https://www.investopedia.com/public-review-5201034), [Robinhood](https://www.investopedia.com/robinhood-review-4587919), [SoFi Invest](https://www.investopedia.com/sofi-active-investing-review-5199960), [SogoTrade](https://www.investopedia.com/sogotrade-review-4587921), [T. Rowe Price](https://www.investopedia.com/t-rowe-price-review-4587924), [tastytrade](https://www.investopedia.com/tastyworks-review-4587986), [TradeStation](https://www.investopedia.com/tradestation-review-4587927), [TradeZero](https://www.investopedia.com/tradezero-review-6543656), [Vanguard](https://www.investopedia.com/vanguard-review-4587932), [Webull](https://www.investopedia.com/webull-review-5201033), [Wellstrade](https://www.investopedia.com/wellstrade-review-4587934) #### How to Pick a Broker That's Right for You ## How We Picked the Best Online Brokers and Trading Platforms Providing readers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of online brokers and trading platforms is a top priority for Investopedia. We combined our industry research, subject matter expertise, and investor survey data to guide the research and weightings for our 2024 online broker awards. To collect the data, we sent a digital survey with 110 questions to each of the 26 companies we included in our rubric. Additionally, our team of researchers verified the survey responses and collected any missing data points through online research and conversations with each company directly. The data collection process spanned from Feb. 19 to March 19, 2024. We then developed a proprietary model that scored each company to rate its performance across 11 major categories and 89 criteria to find the best online brokers and trading platforms. The score for each company’s overall star rating is a weighted average of the criteria in the following categories: Additionally, during our 2024 research, many of the companies we reviewed gave us live demonstrations of their platforms and services via video conferencing methods and also granted our team of expert writers and editors access to live accounts so they could perform hands-on testing. Through this all-encompassing data collection and review process, Investopedia has provided you with an unbiased and thorough review of the top online brokers and trading platforms. Learn more about [how we review online brokers](https://www.investopedia.com/broker-ranking-methodology-4587135). ## Guide to Online Brokers and Trading Platforms Learn more about online brokers and trading platforms: * [How to Invest in Stocks: A Beginner's Guide](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/06/invest1000.asp) * [How to Choose a Broker](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/articles/younginvestors/06/firstbroker.asp) * [How to Buy Stocks: Tips for Getting Started](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/042205.asp) * [How to Open an Online Brokerage Account](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-open-an-online-brokerage-account-7973796) * [How to Open a Swing Trade Account](https://www.investopedia.com/how-to-open-a-swing-trade-account-7482220) * [Broker vs. Market Maker: What's the Difference?](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/brokerandmarketmaker.asp) * [Why Do Brokers Ask for Personal Information?](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/personalinfoandbrokers.asp) * [How Much Money Do You Need to Start Trading?](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/08/minimum-amounts-of-money-to-start-trading.asp) * [How to Buy and Sell Stocks for Your Account](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/108.asp) * [How to Trade 0DTE Options](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/how-to-trade-0dte-options-7481013) * [How Long Does it Take for Brokers to Confirm a Trade?](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/112814/how-long-does-it-take-broker-confirm-trade-after-it-placed.asp) * [How to Buy Fractional Shares](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/how-to-buy-fractional-shares-7482606) * [How to Trade Options](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/how-to-trade-options-7378194) * [How to Invest Online](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/how-to-invest-online-5215204) * [Investopedia’s Online Broker Review Methodology](https://dashboard.prod.aws.dotdash.com/documents/page/?url=www.investopedia.com/broker-ranking-methodology-4587135)
The best brokerage platforms provide strong customer support, robust research and analytical tools, a wide range of investable assets, an abundance of investment account types, and more, all with a transparent fee structure and limited gamification tactics. After hundreds of hours of comprehensive research, data analysis, and live broker platform demos, Fidelity Investments is our best overall online brokerage platform for investors due to its low fees, expansive product offering, wide-ranging full-service features, and so much more. Fidelity is just one of 26 online brokers that we evaluated based on 89 criteria, including available assets, account services, user experience, and additional features. Best Online Brokerage Accounts and Trading Platforms of 2024 Best Overall: Fidelity Best for Low Costs: Fidelity Best for Beginners: Charles Schwab Best for Advanced Traders: Interactive Brokers Best for ETFs: Fidelity Best for Options Trading: tastytrade Best for International Trading: Interactive Brokers Best for Mobile Investing & Trading: E*TRADE  Best for Cryptocurrency Trading: eToro  Best for Risk Management: Interactive Brokers Best for Cash Management: Fidelity Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas: Interactive Brokers Best for Algorithmic Trading: Interactive Brokers Best for Alternative Investments: Public Fidelity Investments: Best Overall, Best for ETFs, Best for Low Costs, Best for Cash Management 4.8 Open an Account Account Minimum: $0 Fees: $0 for stock/ETF trades, $0 plus $0.65/contract for options trades Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best Overall When it comes to bringing critical full-service brokerage features, sophisticated tools, and low fees to a wide range of traders and investors, all across continually enhanced platforms, Fidelity reigns supreme for the third consecutive year.  Best for ETFs Fidelity is our best broker for ETFs because of its rich ETF-focused educational content and research tools, expansive ETF offering, and fractional ETF trading. Fidelity is a repeat winner in this category, after earning the top from Charles Schwab spot in 2023. Best for Low Costs Fidelity has long been an industry leader when it comes to lower fees, and its transparent and compelling fee schedule is the reason why, for the third year running, it wins for low costs. Best for Cash Management Finding the best brokerage account for cash management is not just about earning the highest interest rate possible. It’s also about seamless integration with critical, no-fee banking features and industry-leading insurance. In these areas, Fidelity’s cash management offering is unmatched, and it comes with solid passive earnings power on uninvested cash, along with reimbursable access to a global network of ATMs. Pros & Cons Pros No payment for order flow (PFOF) makes for excellent order execution Strong portfolio analysis and account features Superior trading platforms for all types of investors Top-tier educational content, screening tools, and research capabilities FDIC insurance up to $5 million Cons Only two digital coins available for trading Minimum balance required for some index trading Multiple platforms may be required to access all tools Overview In an industry full of innovative companies competing for the attention of an incredibly diverse universe of traders and investors, Fidelity delivers the most well-rounded product offering to suit the needs of nearly every investor. Headquartered in Boston, Fidelity’s storied history began with its founding in 1946. With $4.9 trillion in discretionary assets as of December 2023, the company ranks among the top brokerage firms in terms of assets under management. Investopedia began evaluating online brokerages in 2019, and Fidelity has shown a commitment to improving its financial products and services ever since. Improvements in financial advisor support, bond liquidity analysis, and the new Fidelity Youth app were the highlights of our 2024 product demonstration with the company. In fact, of the 38.7 million brokerage accounts that Fidelity services, 43% of those accounts have been opened by investors 18 to 35 years of age. But the improvements didn't stop there. Fidelity now also has a comprehensive cash management product that is jam-packed with banking features.  Fidelity has long been an industry leader when it comes to lowering fees, and it has a stellar reputation as a broker with a huge customer service network, including 200 customer centers, supporting its low-cost, high-value offering. Investors looking for an online broker that keeps costs low, all while delivering some of the most powerful tools in the industry and resisting the common industry practice of collecting PFOF, will be hard-pressed to find a better broker than Fidelity. ACTUAL USER EXPERIENCE "I moved all of our family’s investment accounts to Fidelity in 2021 for one simple, but valuable, reason: It’s the only brokerage firm that offers every single account type we have, allowing me to house all of our investments under the same roof. We have a lot of different account types—from various retirement and taxable accounts, to an inherited IRA, to 529s and custodial accounts, and even an investable HSA. Before consolidating to Fidelity, I had to log into multiple places to check on our various investments. Now, except for a new workplace 401(k), I have one login that shows me everything on a single screen. And when I need customer support, Fidelity advisors can also view things as a whole. Moving to Fidelity has added a lot of ease and efficiency to my financial life." - Sabrina Karl, Staff Writer for Investopedia Editor's Note In addition to our review of Fidelity's online brokerage platform, we've also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, Fidelity Go. Charles Schwab: Best for Beginners 4.7 Open an Account Account Minimum: $0 Fees: $0 for stock/ETF trades, $0.65 per contract for options Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best for Beginners Even before TD Ameritrade’s educational content was incorporated into its ecosystem, Charles Schwab—which acquired TD Ameritrade in 2020—was known as one of the best platforms for new traders and investors. With the integration nearing completion in May of 2024, Schwab has taken over top ranks in this category, a position previously held by TD Ameritrade for the past two years. Schwab now houses the most comprehensive library of evergreen learning materials, along with seemingly endless coaching programs and regularly scheduled live training events, making it the best for beginner investors. Research Insights “If you’re a beginner trader, a user-friendly broker platform will be key. It should be easy to navigate and understand, like using a familiar app. Don’t forget about learning! Look for a broker that offers educational resources to help you understand the market and make informed decisions. Many brokers now offer commission-free trades on stocks and ETFs, so be sure to factor that in as you compare costs.  Consider fractional shares too! They allow you to invest in smaller portions of expensive stocks or funds, a great way to get started without a huge initial investment.” -Amrut Deshmukh, Investopedia Research Analyst Pros & Cons Pros Industry-leading educational content Multiple user-friendly platforms  Superb ETF research and scanners Over 400 branches in 45 states  Access to the highly regarded thinkorswim® platform Cons Relatively high margin rates Low interest earned on uninvested cash Lacks fractional ETF trading No direct investments in cryptocurrencies Overview After Chuck Schwab and his partners formed First Commander Corporation in April 1971, they later changed the company’s name to Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. in 1973. Charles Schwab has experienced continuous growth over the years and, in October 2020, completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade, with full client integration expected to wrap up in May 2024. Not only does Schwab provide the right mix of usability, tools, education, and research to cater to its diverse customer base, but it does so across multiple top-tier platforms.  With Schwab’s integration of TD Ameritrade nearly complete, the powerful combination of Schwab’s exceptional lineup of products and services and TD Ameritrade’s powerful capabilities for traders has boosted the company even closer to the top of our comprehensive rating model. One of the most anticipated additions to Schwab's lineup occurred on April 11, 2024, with the company announcing that futures and forex trading, along with a new Portfolio Margin feature, have been made available on its thinkorswim platform.Prospective customers should note, however, that crypto spot trading still isn’t available. Editor's Note In addition to our review of Charles Schwab’s online brokerage platform, we also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, Schwab Intelligent Portfolios. Interactive Brokers: Best for Advanced Traders, Best for International Trading, Best for Algorithmic Trading, Best for Risk Management, Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas 4.7 Open an Account Account Minimum: $0.00 Fees: $0.00 commissions for equities/ETFs available on IBKR’s TWS Lite, or low costs scaled by volume for active traders that want access to advanced functionality such as order routing. $0.65 per contract for options on TWS Lite; that is also the base rate for TWS Pro users, with scaled rates based on volume. $0.85 per contract for futures. Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best for Advanced Traders Interactive Brokers’ lineup of advanced analytical tools, trading technology, and breadth of assets is, quite frankly, awe-inspiring. Ongoing enhancements to legacy platforms like the masterfully constructed Trader Workstation (TWS) and the February 2024 addition of the next-generation IBKR desktop offer just a small glimpse into how Interactive Brokers equips advanced traders to capitalize on fundamental dislocations and pricing inefficiencies better than any other platform we reviewed. This is the third straight year Interactive Brokers has earned this award. Research Insights “For intraday and advanced traders, speed is everything. Look for a broker with fast execution speeds to ensure your trades go through quickly. In-depth market research is also crucial, so tools and data analysis are important features to consider. Advanced features like algorithmic trading and order routing control can be helpful for active traders looking to automate strategies or optimize order fulfillment. But remember, even the most advanced tools won’t guarantee success—reliability and low costs remain essential for all traders.” -Amrut Deshmukh, Investopedia Research Analyst Best for International Trading Simply put, not one of the 26 online brokerage companies we reviewed comes close to offering the scope of global research capabilities, international trading and support access, and currency-based funding variety that Interactive Brokers offers. That's why, for the third straight year, the company is our top broker for international traders. Best for Algorithmic Trading As trading technology continues to advance, so too does the interest in algorithmic trading. Advanced traders will find a powerful lineup of algorithmic trading features in Interactive Brokers’ pre-built algos, a laundry list of API languages, available algorithmic paper trading accounts, and so much more. Best for Risk Management With its powerful rebalancing features, robust portfolio and risk analysis tools, nearly boundless opportunities for asset diversification, and available access to licensed brokers, investors will be hard-pressed to find a better platform for managing portfolio risk than Interactive Brokers. Best for Generating Stock Trading Ideas For professional and retail traders looking for investing and trading ideas across the vast universe of equities, over short-, intermediate-, and long-term time horizons, Interactive Brokers brings together leading industry research vendors, proprietary search tools, and the industry’s largest universe of investable stocks to provide a nearly endless source of ideas that suit every investing and trading strategy.   Pros & Cons Pros Increasing availability of beginner-friendly platforms  Superior order execution Industry-best selection of contingent orders Unparalleled range of investable foreign and domestic assets Powerful and highly customizable professional-level functionality Cons IBKR's SmartRouting not available to IBKR Lite clients TWS can be difficult to learn No in-platform backtesting Often confusing tiered pricing Overview Founded under the name T.P. & Co. in 1978 by its current chairman, Thomas Peterffy, the company pioneered the use of computers in trading. Eventually, Interactive Brokers Inc. was incorporated as a U.S. broker-dealer in 1993, and the company has since developed into one of the industry’s most complete online brokerage platforms. Interactive Brokers (IBKR) offers astonishing access to 150 markets in 34 countries and support for its services in 200 countries, all with funding and trading capabilities in up to 27 currencies. Simply put, this is the broadest global coverage in the industry. One of the first adopters of technology to the financial markets, both algorithmic and active traders have long regarded the company highly for its advanced trading features, highly customizable tools, low margin rates, and alpha-generating capabilities. Investopedia's team of industry experts is constantly delighted by IBKR’s innovative enhancements that just make so much sense from a purist’s perspective. IBKR’s latest product innovation is IBKR Desktop, a next-generation platform that combines a simple user interface with many of the company’s powerful trading solutions. It features innovations like Option Lattice, a graphical options chain display highlighting potential outliers in key metrics, and MultiSort, which enables users to sort data using multiple factors simultaneously. This idea of simplicity is really where things have been getting interesting for Interactive Brokers, as the company has committed to making its platforms more accessible to beginners. With notable touches like the expansion of educational content across several platforms, including its entry-level IBKR Lite platform; available fractional investing; and the innovative and helpful Options Wizard tool offered on its user-friendly Global Trader mobile app (as well as other platforms), Interactive Brokers is quickly gaining ground on the industry’s top all-around brokerage platforms.   Editor's Note: In addition to our review of Interactive Brokers' online brokerage platform, we've also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, Interactive Advisors. tastytrade: Best Broker for Options 4.5 Open an Account Account Minimum: $0 Fees & Commissions: $0 stock trades, $1 to open options trades (capped at $10 per leg), $0 to close Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best for Options Trading For the third year in a row, we chose tastytrade as the best options trading platform because of its options pricing structure, which includes options pricing caps that make it the lowest-cost brokerage for high-volume, high-frequency option traders. In addition, tastytrade optimizes tools and content to suit the needs of its options-focused client base. Pros & Cons Pros Capped commission structure for options Highly regarded tools for analyzing and monitoring options trades Fantastic options-specific content and educational material Fully customizable trading experience Follow Feed feature allows users to follow trades of tastytrade's TV celebrities Cons No on-platform paper trading support Few investing and retirement resources Lacks some key investment choices like mutual funds Overview Ask any options trader and they are likely to tell you that this form of derivative trading is complex and difficult to master. But with the right guidance, the many options strategies that are available to use can become powerful weapons that allow both traders and investors to benefit from key factors like time decay and leverage. Created by the same people who developed TD Ameritrade’s highly regarded thinkorswim platform, tastytrade maintains its stance as the best broker for options because of its intuitive delivery of an industry-best mix of comprehensive options-focused tools and content.  Launched as tastyworks in 2017 and headquartered in Chicago, tastytrade delivers very competitive fees for options trading, including standout features like commission caps for large lot sizes, as well as the absence of any trade commissions when closing positions. Fortunately for tastytrade users, these low commissions come with a platform that continues to undergo enhancements which complement its already powerful delivery of options analytics, platform workflow, trade execution, and valuable digital content.  E*TRADE: Best for Mobile Investing & Trading 4.5 Open an Account Account Minimum: $0 Fees: No commission for stock, ETF, and mutual fund trades. Options are $0.50-$0.65 per contract, depending on trading volume. Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best for Mobile Investing & Trading A pioneer in both mobile and online trading, E*TRADE has mastered the art of developing a mobile experience with the right mix of intuitive navigation, robust portfolio and risk management capabilities, deep research, easy-to-digest education, and complex trading tools to cater to investors and traders of all levels. Ongoing enhancements to E*TRADE's mobile capabilities over the past couple of years have caused it to solidify its position as our best mobile trading and investing platform for the first time ever. Pros & Cons Pros Excellent range of tools and resources Pre-built and automated portfolio options Educational content library  Top mobile apps for traders and investors of all levels Cons Lacks international exchange trading No direct crypto investing Fractional shares only available through a robo-advisor portfolio or dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) Overview Since its founding in 1982, E*TRADE has been at the forefront of embracing innovation that makes for one of the best customer experiences in the industry. Following Morgan Stanley’s acquisition of E*TRADE in 2020, the company has only continued to advance its capabilities by integrating many of Morgan Stanley’s highly regarded research materials, thought leadership insights, and large pool of financial advisors.   As one of the largest online brokers in the country, E*TRADE brings an expansive list of investment choices and trading tools to its customer base of 8.2 million households via its website, desktop, and two mobile platforms. E*TRADE’s already vast educational catalog has only grown with the Morgan Stanley integration, complementing the intuitive site design in a way that lets new investors enter the market with confidence. For more experienced investors, the ability to do deep analysis has never been greater now that proprietary Morgan Stanley research joins highly regarded third-party research and consensus ratings. While E*TRADE only offers these more advanced traders exposure to cryptocurrencies via ETFs and related stocks, traders have access to a wide array of analysis tools, charting functionality, and trading technology to make the most informed decisions in this and many other asset classes.  Editors note In addition to our review of E*TRADE’s online brokerage platform, we also reviewed the company's robo-advisor service, E*TRADE Core Portfolios. eToro: Best for Cryptocurrency Trading 4.1 Open an Account Account Minimum: $100 for stocks and ETFs, $200 for CopyTrader Fees: 1% crypto trading fee; no-fee stock, ETF, and options trading Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best for Cryptocurrency Trading eToro offers access to the largest crypto coin selection of any company we cover in the online broker space, and it does this with one of the most user-friendly experiences in the industry. One login to eToro’s online brokerage platform gives users access to stock, ETF, and futures trading, as well as 21 physical crypto coins, all on the company’s intuitive and socially focused web-based and mobile platforms. Pros & Cons Pros Established platform available in over 100 countries Relatively large selection of tradable crypto assets Innovative and easy-to-use social trading experience Cons Only available in 47 states Very limited account types General lack of advanced trading tools, features, and research No margin trading in the U.S. Options trading only offered to U.S. and U.K. residents via a separate app Overview Originally developed with a focus on forex trading in 2007, eToro eventually transformed and in 2010 created one of the first social trading experiences, called OpenBook. Since then, the company has enhanced this means of enabling users to learn from and copy other seasoned traders across popular asset classes like stocks, ETFs, futures, and crypto. Currently, eToro is only available in 47 U.S. states, but its 25 million-plus users can also find support in more than 140 countries around the world. eToro recently upgraded its charting capability with the addition of Tradingview’s Pro charts, but the platform still lacks many of the tools, calculators, and detailed order types beyond basic market and limit orders that most sophisticated investors would find necessary to carry out advanced trading techniques. eToro provides real-time pricing information for 21 cryptocurrencies, over 3,000 stocks, and more than 270 ETFs, covering the most important assets and securities. eToro’s crypto wallet is a separate omnibus wallet with its address. Users can’t bring in their existing crypto, but they can buy and store it with eToro’s wallet. Additionally, there is no staking available in eToro wallet. While eToro recently added options trading to its asset mix, this functionality is currently offered to U.S. customers via a separate app. However, during our live demonstration with eToro we learned that options trading is currently being piloted in the U.K. and will soon be made available on the main app. Editor's Note eToro's selection of 21 available crypto coins is the largest of the 26 online brokerage and trading platforms we reviewed. However, this is far less than what's offered by many traditional cryptocurrency exchanges. Learn more about the best cryptocurrency exchanges. Public: Best for Alternative Investments 3.9 Open an Account Account Minimum: $0 Fees: $0 stocks and ETFs, Alternative assets: 2.5% per transaction; Public Premium: $10/month Read full review Open an Account Why We Chose It Best for Alternative Investments Public offers an easy-to-use platform with social networking features, fractional investment capabilities, and a creative selection of alternative investment options. In addition to stock, option, ETF, and cryptocurrency trading, Public provides a platform for purchasing Treasury bills and alternative investments, like rare sneakers, trading cards, royalties, and more. While Public is our best brokerage for alternative investments and offers a novel mix of alternative investments, it’s important to know that many of these investments are highly illiquid and speculative. That means it may be difficult to buy and sell assets with ease. Pros & Cons Pros Available fractional share investing A social media element that connects investors Easy-to-use mobile app No payment for order flow on stocks and ETFs High interest earned on uninvested cash Cons Very limited account types Illiquid and expensive alternative investments Basic educational material Limited features One-leg options strategies only  Overview Established in 2019 by Jannick Malling and Leif Abraham, Public offers mobile and web browser-based trading best suited for investors interested in a unique set of alternative assets. The New York-headquartered company is a regulated broker-dealer, with SIPC protection in each account up to $500,000. Public was developed to help lower the barrier to entry for those who shy away from investing due to a lack of financial literacy, as well as those who lack the means to acquire positions in many expensive financial products. The company has certainly succeeded on this front with its clean and simple user experience; commission trading of stocks, ETFs, and options; $0 account minimum; fractional investing; and social networking element.  However, the platform is not without its faults. To begin with, many of the alternative investments offered on the platform are highly illiquid and speculative, and come with high transaction costs. Next, Public does not engage in payment for order flow (PFOF), but it charges an assortment of fees for things like inactivity and instant withdrawals. Investors may also be turned off by the fact that Public requires users to manually opt out of tipping on each transaction, which the company calls “a more transparent, more aligned way to make money” than PFOF. Lastly, Public currently only offers access to individual brokerage accounts. The Bottom Line Through our exhaustive research, we found that Fidelity not only outshines the competition when it comes to ETF investing, low costs, and cash management features, but it is also the best online brokerage platform overall. While International Brokers’ ongoing evolution into a more beginner-friendly platform is driving it closer to parity with the industry’s top all-around brokerage platforms, it remains a top choice for advanced trading techniques and risk management, as well as international trading. For traders planning to make options the main strategy they use to reach their investment goals, tastytrade’s platform and market content are hard to beat. Charles Schwab’s integration of TD Ameritrade's educational programs and trading personalities has produced an unparalleled body of actionable learning materials and live training content for beginners. E*TRADE’s long history of enhancing the user experience continues to shine through with its fantastic mobile apps, while eToro and Public bring social trading and networking to the next level as part of their top-rated crypto and alternative offerings. Options trading entails significant risk and is not appropriate for all investors. Certain complex options strategies carry additional risk. Before trading options, please read Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options. Supporting documentation for any claims, if applicable, will be furnished upon request. There is an Options Regulatory Fee that applies to both option buy and sell transactions. The fee is subject to change. See Fidelity.com/commissions for details. Compare the Best Online Brokers Broker Star Rating Minimum Deposit Stock Trades Per Contract Options Max Option Legs Number of No-Load Mutual Funds Fractional Share Trading of Stocks New Spot Bitcoin ETFs Fidelity Investments 4.8 $0.00 $0.00 $0.65 4 3396 Yes Yes Charles Schwab 4.7 $0.00 $0.00 $0.65 4 14,900 Yes Yes Interactive Brokers 4.7 $0.00 $0.00 $0.65 6 19,000+ Yes Yes tastytrade 4.5 $0.00 $0.00 $1.00/Open Only 4 0 Yes Yes E*TRADE 4.5 $0.00 $0.00 $0.65 4 6,310 Yes Yes eToro 4.1 Varies $0.00 $0.65 2 N/A Yes Yes Public 3.9 $0.00 $0.00 $0.02-$0.05 1 N/A Yes Yes Why You Should Trust Us Investopedia collected 89 criteria that are critical to investors, from 26 online brokerage companies. We used this data to review each brokerage platform for fees, usability, research amenities, and other key features to provide unbiased, comprehensive reviews to ensure our readers make the right decision for their investing needs. Investopedia launched in 1999, and has been helping readers find the best online brokerage accounts since 2019. How to Choose a Brokerage Account When choosing an online broker, you have to think about your immediate needs as an investor or trader. If you are a beginner, you may need a broker that has great educational material about the stock market and other financial markets. Several brokers also allow for paper trading before funding an account, allowing you to learn the platform, sample the available assets, and test out the trading experience without risking real capital. Frequently Asked Questions What Is an Online Brokerage Account and How Does it Work? A brokerage account is a type of account similar in function to the accounts you have with a bank. With a brokerage account, you deposit funds with an investment firm (the brokerage). This is usually done by a transfer from your existing bank account. Once funds are added to your brokerage account, you can put the money to work using the brokerage's trading platform to invest those funds in the market. The assets you buy with your cash can be anything offered by that brokerage, including stocks, bonds, ETFs, and even cryptocurrency.Your online brokerage account will display your holdings (the assets you've purchased) as well as your cash balance (your buying power). If you invest in something that gains in value, you can sell it and the profits will be deposited in your online brokerage account. From there, you can place another trade or even transfer the funds out to your regular bank account to use elsewhere. Some brokerage accounts even allow you to earn interest on your uninvested cash. How Much Money Do you Need to Open a Brokerage Account? There is no longer a real minimum to start investing in the financial markets. With many brokers offering margin accounts with access to fractional shares and no required minimums, you can open and fund an account with any amount of money. If you don't have a lot of money to invest, however, it will influence how you approach the market. Although you could invest $1 in fractional shares of a specific stock, the better approach with limited capital is to use ETFs. Index tracking ETFs, for example, offer greater diversification for your dollar than a single company stock because every share (and fractional share) of the ETF replicates an index made up of many companies in many different industries. You could also consider using options to leverage your dollars with a directional bet on the market or a specific stock, but this is a strategy best reserved for risk capital—not the whole of your limited investment capital.When investing with small sums, consistency is the key to building wealth. If you can regularly put a set amount of money into the market—even $10 a week—you will be surprised at how quickly it begins to grow. This consistency also helps to smooth market effects, as you will be buying dips and peaks as the market goes up and down. Can You Invest With a Small Amount of Money? Many online brokers allow for small minimum deposits which can be a great alternative for those with limited funds. Account minimums (if any) are displayed at the top of our reviews, as well as in our selection of the best platforms for different types of investors. If you are looking for more general guidance on investing with limited capital, check out our article on smart investing on a small budget. Do Brokers Offer Mobile Platforms? Some online brokers have powerful mobile apps delivering nearly all the features that their desktop counterparts do. For example, E*TRADE's app, which we picked as our best app for mobile investing and trading, offers two mobile platforms that are streamlined versions of the company's powerful desktop platform. Can You Lose Money in a Brokerage Account? Yes, you can. It is a reality of the market that no reward comes without risk. You can lose money buying a bad investment, but you can also lose by buying a good investment at the wrong time. Investment decisions should be guided by extensive research and careful consideration of your risk tolerance. When it comes to the financial markets, there are endless possibilities for making and losing money. Unless all the funds in your brokerage account are sitting in uninvested cash (brokerage cash accounts are afforded up to $250,000 of protection by Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance), there is a risk you will lose money.Another way of looking at that, however, is that a brokerage account sitting full of uninvested cash isn't at risk of making any money either. You can use strategies like asset allocation and diversification to reduce the risk of you losing money, but you will never fully eliminate it without also eliminating your chances of making a decent return. Can I Buy Stocks Without a Broker? Yes, you can actually buy and sell stocks without a broker, but it is not a common approach these days. Some companies still offer direct stock purchase plans that allow you to buy shares directly from the company. Companies administer these plans according to internal rules, and some are only open to company employees. You need to contact companies to find out whether they offer a direct stock purchase plan and what the terms and conditions are. These plans initially helped investors avoid brokerage fees, but the rise of online discount brokers with zero fees has removed this barrier, making the direct stock purchase plan somewhat of a relic. What Is the Difference Between Investing and Trading? An important thing to consider is the distinction between investing and trading. When people talk about investing they generally mean buying assets to hold long-term. The goal of investing is to gradually build wealth and reach your retirement goals. Conversely, trading involves short-term strategies that maximize returns on a short-term basis, such as daily or monthly. Trading is generally considered riskier than investing.All these factors are worth considering before choosing an online broker. Do you want to trade or invest? Do you want a great mobile app to check your portfolio wherever you are? What types of assets are you looking to invest in? Answering these questions is not always easy. For more support on how to choose a broker, you can check out our guide to choosing a stock broker. Once you've made a decision on a broker, you can refer to our guide to opening a brokerage account. Companies We Reviewed We researched and reviewed 26 online brokers and trading platforms to find the best companies you see in the list above. Below is the full list of companies we researched along with links to individual company reviews to help you learn more before making a decision:Ally Invest, Charles Schwab, ChoiceTrade, E*TRADE, eOption, eToro, Fidelity, Interactive Brokers, J.P. Morgan SDI, Lightspeed, Lime Financial, Merrill Edge, Public, Robinhood, SoFi Invest, SogoTrade, T. Rowe Price, tastytrade, TradeStation, TradeZero, Vanguard, Webull, Wellstrade How to Pick a Broker That's Right for You How We Picked the Best Online Brokers and Trading Platforms Providing readers with unbiased, comprehensive reviews of online brokers and trading platforms is a top priority for Investopedia. We combined our industry research, subject matter expertise, and investor survey data to guide the research and weightings for our 2024 online broker awards. To collect the data, we sent a digital survey with 110 questions to each of the 26 companies we included in our rubric. Additionally, our team of researchers verified the survey responses and collected any missing data points through online research and conversations with each company directly. The data collection process spanned from Feb. 19 to March 19, 2024. We then developed a proprietary model that scored each company to rate its performance across 11 major categories and 89 criteria to find the best online brokers and trading platforms. The score for each company’s overall star rating is a weighted average of the criteria in the following categories: Additionally, during our 2024 research, many of the companies we reviewed gave us live demonstrations of their platforms and services via video conferencing methods and also granted our team of expert writers and editors access to live accounts so they could perform hands-on testing. Through this all-encompassing data collection and review process, Investopedia has provided you with an unbiased and thorough review of the top online brokers and trading platforms. Learn more about how we review online brokers. Guide to Online Brokers and Trading Platforms Learn more about online brokers and trading platforms: How to Invest in Stocks: A Beginner's Guide How to Choose a Broker How to Buy Stocks: Tips for Getting Started How to Open an Online Brokerage Account How to Open a Swing Trade Account Broker vs. Market Maker: What's the Difference? Why Do Brokers Ask for Personal Information? How Much Money Do You Need to Start Trading? How to Buy and Sell Stocks for Your Account How to Trade 0DTE Options How Long Does it Take for Brokers to Confirm a Trade? How to Buy Fractional Shares How to Trade Options How to Invest Online Investopedia’s Online Broker Review Methodology
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