question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15249",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English there are a few idioms that are variants on the phrase,\n\n> I don't really have a horse in this race, so...\n\nwhich essentially means \"I'm not invested in the outcome of the current\ndebate/issue/conflict.\"\n\nIt's not difficult to imagine a non-idiomatic translation like\n「結果はどうあれ、私には関係ない」, but that is pretty direct and lacks the softer indirectness\nof the original idiom.\n\nWhat equivalent idioms exist in Japanese to choose from for this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-04T22:07:07.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15248",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T11:22:29.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"idioms"
],
"title": "What is a good idiom for 'not being invested'?",
"view_count": 631
} | [
{
"body": "[対岸]{たいがん}の[火事]{かじ} Fire on the opposite shore.\n\nThis is the same expression in Japanese.\n\nSources: Japanese person.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T03:05:41.930",
"id": "15249",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T11:22:29.980",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T11:22:29.980",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15248",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15248 | 15249 | 15249 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15255",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in question is\n\n```\n\n それはとってもいい話【はなし】だ。\n \n```\n\nWhich is translated as \"That's a really nice story\". I don't understand what だ\nis doing at the end though. 話 seems to mean story with or without it and\nGoogle translate gives me the same translation for the full sentence\nregardless. [だ doesn't seem to be a particle\neither.](http://thejapanesepage.com/w/index.php?title=Particles) So what does\nit mean here and does it act on just the noun or the whole sentence?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T07:05:24.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15253",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T04:48:06.750",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-05T12:27:42.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5070",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"copula"
],
"title": "What does だ mean at the end of a sentence or following a noun",
"view_count": 10333
} | [
{
"body": "This だ is a copula. It's a plain form of the copula - copula has similar forms\nas verbs. You may know its polite form as well - です (warning though - です is\nnot only a copula, it may also be just a marker of polite speech level).\nそれはとってもいい話です。 is the polite version of the same sentence.\n\nCopula doesn't really act on the noun, rather it links the subject それ with the\npredicative expression とってもいい話 and gives it a meaning of equivalence (in this\ncase): This **is** a very good story. Japanese copula has similar meaning to\nthe English verb \"to be\" (as in X is Y meaning X = Y or Y describes X).\n\nそれはとってもいい話 on its own is not a regular sentence in Japanese as it doesn't have\na predicate.. Copula can be used as a predicate to finish off sentences as in\nthis example. You could change this sentence to use いい as a predicate and not\nuse copula as in\n\nその話はとってもいい。\n\nJust to clarify: there are sentences (minor sentences) without predicates that\nare used commonly in casual speech, newspapers, titles, etc. Predicates,\nincluding copula, can be omitted in those kinds of sentences but cannot be in\na regular (major) sentence.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T10:24:12.540",
"id": "15255",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T04:48:06.750",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-06T04:48:06.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15253",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15253 | 15255 | 15255 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As I understand, both よ and よる mean 'night'. I guess that the difference might\nbe purely idiomatic. In this sense:\n\n * What are idioms where only one of them is correct? \n * What are idioms where you can use either? \n * If you can use either, is there a difference in nuance?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T11:26:03.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15256",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-05T12:24:35.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "2964",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"readings"
],
"title": "What is the difference in usage between 夜【よ】 and 夜【よる】？",
"view_count": 524
} | [
{
"body": "Both readings are kun-readings of kanji 夜 and are used in native Japanese\nwords.\n\nI think the main difference is that:\n\n * 夜{よる} is rather used as a standalone word meaning evening or night.\n\n * 夜{よ} is used in compound words, e.g. 夜{よ}中{なか} (midnight), 闇{やみ}夜{よ} (dark night), 夜{よ}空{ぞら} (night sky).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T12:24:35.000",
"id": "15257",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-05T12:24:35.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15256",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15256 | null | 15257 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was trying to see how much of the writing on the signs in the park I could\nmake sense of today and found something of interest.\n\nA sign stating what not to do in the park covered not littering and in that\nsection was the turn of phrase `タバコのポイ`.\n\nI could find the _meaning_ of ポイ online but so far not its origin. It means\n\"throwing away\" or \"littering\".\n\nAs it's in katakana I tried to think of an English word it might be based on\nbut couldn't think of anything. Of course not all katakana words have origins\nin English.\n\nA local friend suggested it could be one of Japanese's famous \"onomatopoeia\"\nwords. But it seemed to me that just about all of those I'd come across are\ntwo syllables with reduplication, and written in hiragana.\n\n**So from whence ポイ?**",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T12:40:56.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15258",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-16T20:06:27.517",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-05T14:52:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"loanwords",
"katakana",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What is the origin of ポイ as in \"タバコのポイ\"?",
"view_count": 632
} | [
{
"body": "Zokugo-dict [says](http://zokugo-dict.com/30ho/poisute.htm) that the word\n`ポイ捨て` (litter) is a contraction of `ポイと捨てる`. And `ポイと` is an adverb meaning\n\"carelessly/nonchalantly\" (throw away/toss aside).\n\nIt seems that now `ポイ捨て` got further contracted into just `ポイ`.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-05T14:39:40.150",
"id": "15259",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-05T14:39:40.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "15258",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I just had a look in Shogakukan's _Kokugo Dai Jiten Dictionary_. The ポイ in\nポイ捨て is pretty clearly the adverb ぽい(と). ぽい(と) in turn appears to be a\nvariation from ぷい(と), itself a variation of ふい(と), related to adverb ふ(と).\n\nOnomatopoeitically, ふい and ふ even sound a bit like something rushing through,\npossibly related to verb 吹【ふ】く \"to blow\", and indeed, even English has a few\nsimilar sound \"flavors\" (mostly _fl-_ ) -- compare _flow_ , _fly_ , _flush_ ,\n_fast_ , _flash_ , _fleet_.\n\nThe _f-_ or _h-_ > _b-_ > _p-_ shift is not uncommon in Japanese, indicating a\nsharper or more immediate onset of an action. Consider ばしゃばしゃ > ぱしゃぱしゃ, or ほっと\n> ぼっと > ぽっと. And again, there are even analogues in English where the sharper\nconsonant indicates a sharper action, such as _bing_ > _ping_ or _ding_ >\n_ting_.\n\nSo ポイ seems to be etymologically related to underlying ideas of sudden-onset\naction with no apparent intent or cause.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-05-16T20:06:27.517",
"id": "15985",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-16T20:06:27.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "15258",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] | 15258 | null | 15985 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15287",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was recently told by someone that you cannot use the polite form ～ます and ので;\nthat is, ので must be used with the plain form. (Specifically, he was saying\nthat 「勉強していますので」 was wrong, and had to be changed to 「勉強しているので」.)\n\nThat sounded a bit dubious to me when I heard it, since I've seen plenty of\nsentences which involve ～ます verb and ので. So I went and checked online a bit.\nThe majority of results I found were perfectly okay with using ～ますので, but a\ncouple seemed a bit strange.\n\n * [This page](http://clearjapanese.webs.com/usingnodenoni.htm) downright says \"don’t use –masu at the end of the verb\", but doesn't explain why.\n\n * I wasn't able to fully read [this entry](http://blog.livedoor.jp/s_izuha/archives/3654119.html), but it seemed to talk about what I'm asking. Could someone just give a brief summary of what it talks about?\n\nSo was the person who told me you can't use ～ますので mistaken, or is there some\ndeeper commotion about this that I'm not aware of?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T00:45:39.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15263",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-07T10:25:25.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5086",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Can you use the polite form ます with ので?",
"view_count": 6066
} | [
{
"body": "**[Work in progress; got a bit tired halfway through. Will come back to finish\ntranslating in a bit.]**\n\nTaken from the entry you linked. Might be a bit loose at some points, but it\nshould get the point across.\n\n> Q: A student often uses 「〜ますので」. It's not that he's wrong, but the sound of\n> it together sounds off. What would be a good way to explain this?\n\nHe's mixing up styles.\n\n超敬体【ちょうけいたい】 takes the formality up a level from standard polite speech. It\ncomes off as over-polite.\n\nThe following example is in standard polite Japanese:\n\n> ジャズが好きなので、 \n> 疲れて帰ってきたときは、 \n> シャワーを浴びて食事をしたあと、 \n> 眠るまで聞いています。\n\n[Loose Translation: \"I really like jazz, so I listen to it when I'm tired and\ncoming home, while I'm showering and having dinner, on up until I go to bed.\"]\n\nThis example uses から instead of ので, but keeps it at about the same level:\n\n> ジャズが好きですから、 \n> 疲れて帰ってきたときは、 \n> シャワーを浴びて食事をしたあと、 \n> 眠るまで聞いています。\n\nIf you change から in the second example back into ので directly, however, it\nsounds a bit weird:\n\n> ジャズが好きですので \n> 疲れて帰ってきたときは、 \n> シャワーを浴びて食事をしたあと、 \n> 眠るまで聞いています。\n\nThis sort of change comes off as バカ丁寧, however it's easy to miss why. This\nnext example, using 「〜ますので」 has the same issue.\n\nProper:\n\n> このごろ毎晩、疲れて帰ってくるので、 \n> シャワーを浴びたあと、 \n> オンザロックを飲んでから \n> 軽い食事をして休むことにしています。\n\n[\"Because I've been tired when I come home every evening recently, I shower\nand then have a whiskey, after which I have a light meal and get some rest.\"]\n\nImproper:\n\n> このごろ毎晩、疲れて帰ってきますので、 \n> シャワーを浴びましたあと、 \n> オンザロックを飲みましてから \n> 軽い食事をしまして休むことにしております。\n\nWith verbs, 「〜ますから」 is considered standard formal:\n\n> このごろ毎晩、疲れて帰ってきますから、 \n> 軽い食事をして休むことにしています。\n\n[\"Because I've been tired when I come home every evening recently, I have a\nlight meal and get some rest.\"]\n\nThis 「〜から」, at its root, is connecting sentences. Therefore, in the case of\n「Ａ＋から＋Ｂ」, A and B need to be in the same style.\n\n**[to be continued]**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T01:13:49.087",
"id": "15264",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T01:13:49.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15263",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "To answer the title question, I would have to say, \"Yes, you can.\"\n\nIf you lived in Japan, you would hear 「ますので」 at least a few times everyday and\neven more times on some days. We use it whenever we speak rather politely.\nWhen do we speak politely? We do so in business, in conversations with\nteacher/mentor figures, strangers, etc. 「ますので」 is needed because it sounds\nbetter than 「ますから」. 「から」, at times, sounds too light and informal to go with\n「ます」 and using 「ますので」could solve this problem instantly.\n\nForeign language learners, however, when they learn that two words have the\nsame meaning, naturally tend to switch them around too freely in what they say\nor write. They use the two words (in this case, 「から」 and 「ので」) interchangeably\nwithout making necessary alterations in the other parts of their speech or\nwriting. This is the reason that 「ますので」 could sound \"off\" if not incorrect at\ntimes if you forget to make everything else on the same politeness level as\n「ますので」. This is also what your second link talks about as well. (Forget about\nyour first link as its author clearly does not know enough Japanese.)\n\n> 「[勉強]{べんきょう}してるから、[電話]{でんわ}しないでね。」 Natural and informal. Just nice.\n>\n> 「勉強してるので、電話しないでね。」 Borderline natural as 「ので」 is a bit too heavy to go with\n> the informal second half.\n>\n> 「勉強していますので、電話しないでね。」 Grammatical but very unnatural. Polite top and informal\n> bottom.\n>\n> 「勉強していますので、電話はしないようにしていただけますか。」 Natural combo of first and second halves.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T10:25:25.460",
"id": "15287",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-07T10:25:25.460",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15263",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] | 15263 | 15287 | 15287 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How often does Japanese use present perfect tense? My friend has been asking\nto watch a Japanese anime movie called 風たちぬ, this is the first time I have\never seen this 'nu' particle usage. Before I only have encountered the 'nu' as\nin 待たぬ for negative sentences. It seems the meaning of the title is 'The wind\nhas risen'. Is it normal to say that in daily life? If not, what is the normal\nway to say it? would it be 風をもう立った？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T04:56:23.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15265",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T06:48:53.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "present perfect tense in Japanese",
"view_count": 4405
} | [
{
"body": "> How often does Japanese use present perfect tense?\n\nThere isn't a present perfect tense in Japanese (persay) [There is a\ndiscussion about it\nhere](http://thejapanesepage.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=13715)\n\n> 待たぬ Is it normal to say that in daily life?\n\nNot normal, sounds like old Japanese\n\n> If not, what is the normal way to say it?\n\n[風]{かぜ}が[出]{で}てきた\n\n:-)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T06:48:53.853",
"id": "15267",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T06:48:53.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15265",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15265 | null | 15267 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15271",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sometimes in mangas there are points where you would expect normally furigana.\nWhat meaning is it supposed to have?\n\n",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T12:52:46.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15270",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-11T14:28:36.643",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-23T06:35:46.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "4277",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 30,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"punctuation",
"furigana",
"symbols"
],
"title": "Why are points used where furigana would be normally?",
"view_count": 3849
} | [
{
"body": "The dots, called\n[傍点【ぼうてん】](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%82%8D%E7%82%B9-8733#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n(or\n[圏点【けんてん】](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%9C%8F%E7%82%B9-492771#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)),\nfunction like italics or underline with the Latin alphabet. They are for\nemphasis.\n\nTo see the effect in rōmaji:\n\n> futatabi _kanojo jishin_ no kuchi kara kiku koto ni naru to wa\n\n**_Update_**. To answer the question in the comments, 傍点 and ふりがな may be\ncombined (although ふりがな may also be omitted, as in the snippet in the question\nbody). ONE PIECE isn't exactly a case study of minimalist typography (I'm\ncounting at least 7 text fonts), but for completeness here is an example of 傍点\n_on top of_ (or rather, to the side of) ふりがな:\n\n\n\n**_Update 2_**. Note that 傍点 may take different shapes. In Japanese both `●`\nand `﹅` are common. For more information see\n\n * [圏点](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8F%E7%82%B9) (Japanese Wikipedia)\n * [Emphasis point](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphasis_point) (English Wikipedia)\n\nUsually a text would use one type of 傍点, but just for its curiosity value here\nis a snippet of a book by Miyatake Gaikotsu titled 奇態流行史 and published in 1922\nwith a rather eclectic use of emphasis points:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oz0UY.png)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T12:58:24.113",
"id": "15271",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-11T14:28:36.643",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-11T14:28:36.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 35
}
] | 15270 | 15271 | 15271 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15274",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading Murakami Haruki's ノルウェイの森 and, although I've come across many\nsentences I haven't been able to grasp too clearly, I recently came across one\nthat was also funny to pronounce. Can anyone help me make sense of why\nMurakami might have written the following sentence as he did?\n\n> 私がここを出てったって待っててくれる人もいないし、受け入れてくれる家庭もないし、たいした仕事もないし、殆ど友だちもいないし。\n\nI understand the general meaning/feeling of that sentence, but cannot seem to\nunderstand why he would have written 「出てったって待ってて」.\n\nFrom what I can gather it should be something like: 出て行ったって待っていて but that\nraises a question, what's that extra って doing next to the 行った? Normally that\nwould imply that someone else referred it to the speaker (eg. 出て行ったと言って待っていて)\nbut this does not seem to be the case here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T13:07:25.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15272",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-10T00:53:43.503",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-10T00:53:43.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Making sense of 「出てったって待ってて」",
"view_count": 1445
} | [
{
"body": "You're right that it's shortened from 出て行ったって待っていて. There are two parts to the\nsentence:\n\n> (私がここを出てったって) + (待っててくれる人もいないし... etc. etc.)\n\nThe first part means \"even if I leave here\". This type of construction is\nformed by taking the past (た) and adding って. For an i-adjective like たかい, it\nwould be たかくたって. You can also make it with nouns or na-adjectives by adding\nだって or だったって. From \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\":\n\n> -tatte (conjunction) even if someone did something or something were in some\n> state (the desired result would not come about) or even if someone or\n> something is in some state.\n\nThe second part is 待っててくれる人もいないし, which means there isn't (or won't be, or\nwouldn't be) anybody waiting for me. So together, it means something like\n\"Even if I went out, there's nobody waiting for me.\" Then the sentence goes on\nlisting a bunch of other reasons not to leave.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T13:39:06.753",
"id": "15273",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T13:39:06.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"parent_id": "15272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> 「私{わたし}がここを出{で}てったって待{ま}っててくれる人もいない **し** 、受{う}け入{い}れてくれる家庭{かてい}もない **し**\n> 、たいした仕事{しごと}もない **し** 、殆{ほとん}ど友{とも}だちもいない **し** 。」\n\nThat is 100% correct and natural-sounding; It simply employs colloquial\ncontractions. This sentence is written very informally as you could tell just\nfrom the use of multiple し's.\n\n出てった ＝ 出ていった\n\nって ＝ とて (とて means the same thing as としても = \" **even if** \".) This is **not**\nthe quotative 「って」, which has been discussed here many times.\n\n待ってて ＝ 待っていて\n\n> 私がここを出てったって待っててくれる人もいないし\n\n= \"Even if I left here, there would be no one waiting for me...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T13:43:50.400",
"id": "15274",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-12T10:10:22.463",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-12T10:10:22.463",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15272",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
}
] | 15272 | 15274 | 15274 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15281",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Last week I've stumbled upon a japanese song and have been struggling with the\ntranslation ever since. Here are the culprit lines:\n\n> [連]{つ}れていって\n>\n> [知]{し}らない[世界]{せかい}\n>\n> ずっと[手]{て}を[放]{はな}さないで\n>\n> [魔法]{まほう}みたいあなたしか[見]{み}えない[全]{すべ}てが[初]{はじ}めての[私]{わたし}\n\nSo far I've come up with the following:\n\n> Take me \n> [to] The unknown world \n> Never let go of my hand \n> Like magic, I can't see anything but you ... everything is?? ... the new\n> me??\n\nTo a newbie like me this [全]{すべ}てが[初]{はじ}めての[私]{わたし} doesn't make a lot of\nsense in the given context (and [初]{はじ}めての[私]{わたし} by itself... \"the first\nme\"? \"first time for me\"? \"the new me\"?..). How should I interpret the last\nline of the song?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T18:49:19.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15276",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T23:15:01.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of 魔法みたいあなたしか見えない全てが初めての私",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "First, I checked the lyrics on two different websites to find that, on both,\nthere was a space after the 「魔法みたい」, which would mean that we need to treat it\nas an independent phrase.\n\n> \"It's like magic.\"\n\nLyrics: <http://lyrics.jetmute.com/viewlyrics.php?id=274938>\n\n「あなたしか見えないすべてが初めての私」 is the Japanese equivalent of an English relative clause\n--- \"A me who ~~~~~\". Everything that comes before 「私」 modifies 「私」.\n\n> \"A me who cannot see anything but you and to whom everything is new.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T23:15:01.667",
"id": "15281",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T23:15:01.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15276",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15276 | 15281 | 15281 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15282",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was recently watching a few videos about 橋本環奈｛はしもとかんな｝, and I came across an\nintroduction (if it can be called that?) that I've never heard before.\n\nWhenever she introduces herself, she finishes with,\n「神様、仏様、環奈様！」([example](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2-JgDKoH1o#t=2m22s))\n\nI did some research, and found [a blog\npost](http://lang-8.com/617927/journals/163055236546886100780884300609248621446)\nwhich mentions it's usage as a chant at Japanese baseball games, but I had\ntrouble finding any other information.\n\nSo my question is, when you say it yourself, does it have the same meaning as\nwhen it is used as a chant? I can translate it literally, but what does it\nreally mean in both cases? Are there some implications to it, or can I use\nthis construction myself when I feel like being a little facetious?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T20:59:16.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15278",
"last_activity_date": "2022-11-19T10:42:55.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"usage",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「神様、仏様、X様」",
"view_count": 520
} | [
{
"body": "As in English, prayers are conventionally started by calling out the name of\nwhoever you are praying to.\n\n> 神様 \"Dear God\", \"Oh Lord\", ... \n> 仏様 \"Dear Buddha\"(?) \n> X様 \"Oh X\"(?)\n\nLining this person's name up together with God & Buddha, it gives the\nimpression that, e.g. the fan community is praying to X for winning the game.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T21:22:53.617",
"id": "15280",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-06T21:22:53.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 「[神様]{かみさま}、[仏様]{ほとけさま}、(one's **_own_** name) + [様]{さま}！」\n\nTrust me, that is NOT something \"normal\" people would ever say in their entire\nlives.\n\n橋本環奈 is not a normal person; She is a top idol. It looks like her agency\nselected that phrase in question as the catch phrase for her to use in self-\nintroductions.\n\nThe use of the phrase in baseball is the normal use of it. It does not have to\nbe baseball but when you need to depend on one person's great performance for\na win or success, you equate that person to the ranks of gods. Again, the\npoint remains that you do not put your **_own_** name in that phrase. It\nshould be the \"title\" that people refer to you as for your exceptional past\nachievements unless, of course, you are 橋本環奈.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-06T23:41:26.607",
"id": "15282",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-31T16:30:07.463",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-31T16:30:07.463",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "I've heard \"様\" when in reference to one own self is a sense of ego or pride or\nyourself being greater than the normal people.\n\nFor example, in the series \"Doraemon\" I've heard character Gian (an arrogant\nand egotistical character) referring to himself as 俺様{おれさま}\n\nHowever when referring to other person with postfix \"様\" is a sign of respect\nor formality such as\n\n> お母様{おかあさま} = Dear Mom",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-11-19T10:42:55.657",
"id": "97289",
"last_activity_date": "2022-11-19T10:42:55.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36650",
"parent_id": "15278",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15278 | 15282 | 15282 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Both mean of course, right?\n\nI always traditionally used もちろん but I increasingly seem to see ぜひ.\n\nWhen do you use each?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T00:30:07.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15283",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T22:58:00.073",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-07T05:54:19.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "4934",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Whats the difference between ぜひ and もちろん",
"view_count": 1502
} | [
{
"body": "I think you should think of ぜひ as \"definitely\" and of もちろん \"of course\". There\nmay be a slight overlap in usage, but there's no overlap in nuance.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T01:37:09.060",
"id": "15284",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-07T01:37:09.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15283",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "ぜひ can be used in situations where you want to encourage someone to do\nsomething.\n\nお腹がすいたら、ぜひフレッシュネスバーガーへ！\n\nもちろん can be used in situations where you're replying to an inquiry.\n\nお腹がすいた？もちろん、今朝から何も食べなかった\n\nThere are other contexts and usages, but that's one big difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T05:03:18.563",
"id": "15286",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-07T05:03:18.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "271",
"parent_id": "15283",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I tend to think of ぜひ as 'by all means' but with more of an encouraging\nundertone. Like the speaker is recommending/hoping you will do something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T22:58:00.073",
"id": "15348",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T22:58:00.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5118",
"parent_id": "15283",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15283 | null | 15284 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15289",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Out of all sentence ending particles, I cannot really pinpoint what や means. I\ndon't meet it often (or maybe I don't have enough experience or exposure) and\nin situations which don't really explain themselves. Also, is it a real\nparticle anyway?\n\nSome examples I recently found (from books):\n\n> 「くつろいでくれや」\n>\n> 「それが実はアイロンではないからや」\n\nI hope those examples make sense without the context. I know that those kind\nof particles are hard to explain but any explanation is welcome.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T11:08:34.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15288",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-21T15:37:27.663",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "What does the sentence ending particle や mean?",
"view_count": 10140
} | [
{
"body": "We are actually discussing TWO different kinds of 「や」 here, which is probably\nwhy you seem more confused than you should be.\n\nIn 「くつろいでくれ **や** 」, the 「や」 is a colloquial (and almost exclusively\nmasculine) sentence-ending particle for 1) imperative, 2) invitation and 3)\nrequest. You are saying \"(Please) make yourself at home.\"\n\nNote that it attaches directly to the imperative form of a verb (「くれ」 in this\ncase).\n\nIn 「それが実{じつ}はアイロンではないから **や** 」, the 「や」 is a dialectal (and gender-neutral)\nsentence-ender mostly for Kansai. It expresses affirmation and it is the\nequivalent of 「だ」 in Standard Japanese. \"That is because it really is not an\niron.\"",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T11:25:50.763",
"id": "15289",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-21T15:37:27.663",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-21T15:37:27.663",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15288",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
] | 15288 | 15289 | 15289 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15296",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering what the difference is between 経験 and 体験? I've come across\nboth terms a couple of times, and I know they both mean 'experience', but what\nis the difference between the two?\n\nBased on the kanji, I would guess that 体験 relates more to a personal\nexperience? Maybe it's only used for your own experience?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T13:45:19.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15290",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-14T12:05:03.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 経験 and 体験?",
"view_count": 4884
} | [
{
"body": "This is no easy question and I do not claim to know all about it.\n\nInformally, 「[経験]{けいけん}」 and 「[体験]{たいけん}」 are often used interchangeably when\nreferring to a single incident that is a new experience for that person.\nRegarding whether or not doing so is appropriate, I will leave the judgement\nto the experts here. All I know for certain is that native speakers just use\nthe two words interchangeably in many informal situations where no one really\ncares about precise word choices.\n\nWhen we speak or write more formally about our experiences, however, we seem\nto become more careful about which word to use.\n\nFormally, 「体験」 refers to any experience that one undergoes in life. If one\ndoes not reflect on the experience and learn something valuable from it, it\nremains a 「体験」. It is a one-time-only thing. However, if you reflect upon your\n「体験」 and learn a lesson from it, it can turn into a 「経験」. Your life is that\nmuch richer because of it.\n\nIn another words,\n\n> 「体験」 can often happen by sheer chance.\n>\n> 「経験」 often cannot just \"happen\" without one's active effort following the\n> 「体験」.\n\nAdditionally, one could also say that 「経験」 is an accumulation of one's 「体験's」\nin the sense that 「経験」 has a longer-lasting effect. If you have a 10-year\nexperience in something, that \"experience\" should definitely be translated as\n「経験」, not as「体験」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T01:50:39.860",
"id": "15296",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T01:50:39.860",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15290",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] | 15290 | 15296 | 15296 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15293",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "One thing I've never fully gotten a grasp on is the `〜はる` form of \"`敬語`\", and\nI have some questions about it.\n\n 1. Is it official `敬語` recognized by the `文部省`, or is it just more of a regionally accepted politeness? \n * What regions even use this form commonly?\n 2. What is its politeness level, and how does it compare/fit it with `丁寧語・尊敬語・謙譲語`? \n * I was once stopped in Osaka by the police (because my bicycle was _clearly_ stolen </sarcasm>) and they used it toward me - `どこで買わはりました？`\n 3. Which `はる` is this, and how did it evolve to this usage of politeness?\n\nApologies if this is too many questions for one topic.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T16:20:41.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15292",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-07T17:02:56.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"etymology",
"politeness",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Questions about `〜はる` 敬語",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "1. It's Kansai dialect. I don't think it's official 敬語 recognized by 文科省. \n\n 2. It's 尊敬語.\n\n> 食べはる ≒ 食べられる, 召し上がる \n> [来]{き}はる ≒ [来]{こ}られる, いらっしゃる \n> 先生が来はった。≒ 先生が来られた, 先生がいらっしゃった \n>\n\nI think ~~はる sounds less polite/formal than the standard 尊敬語.\n\n 3. I think it comes from なさる (--> なはる --> はる ?)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-07T16:57:39.380",
"id": "15293",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-07T17:02:56.260",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-07T17:02:56.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "578",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15292",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15292 | 15293 | 15293 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[This answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15230/is-there-a-\nkanji-for-%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B) got me wondering how relevant the presentation\nin 万葉仮名 is to finding a 漢字 for a given word.\n\nAs far as I understand, 万葉仮名 are used largely for phonetic value. Knowing that\nsome word was written with some combination of 万葉仮名 would only carry any\nsignificance if words were written consistently with the same characters. Do\ntexts in 万葉仮名 indeed choose 万葉仮名 consistently or is a lot of the choice a\nstylistic choice on part of the author?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T01:01:10.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15294",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-11T21:33:56.947",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"orthography",
"manyōgana"
],
"title": "Are 万葉仮名 (man'yōgana) chosen consistently?",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "According to [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyougana), it would\nappear that there were in fact a wide range of characters used for any given\nsound prior to the de-facto standardization that was the creation of the Kana\nsyllabaries (keeping in mind, of course, that at their roots the kana\ncharacters are either cursive forms of characters [ひらがな] or isolated elements\nof characters [カタカナ]).\n\nThat said, it's interesting to note that from a historical perspective the\nsystem pretty clearly differentiates between two versions of the vowels `i`,\n`e`, and `o` for most columns. So in that regard there was some consistency,\nbut other than that it really was a matter of stylistic preference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T19:33:09.477",
"id": "15320",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T19:33:09.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15294",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15294 | null | 15320 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "もう片方は、ビニールのカバーがありませんが、 **箱は中古感が少なく、 綺麗です。**\n\nWhat is the second part of the sentence in bold?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T07:41:27.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15298",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-12T06:52:37.037",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T16:23:09.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "5103",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does this mean (second part of the sentence)?",
"view_count": 296
} | [
{
"body": "It means;\n\nthe box looks like relatively new and clean\n\nI think the writer wants to communicate this box doesn't look like as old as\nit is.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-12T06:52:37.037",
"id": "15394",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-12T06:52:37.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5139",
"parent_id": "15298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15298 | null | 15394 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15306",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Apart from learning Japanese language, I've also started learning Japanese\ncalligraphy (書道). I have a question about 草書 style (cursive style in English?)\ncalligraphy.\n\nMost 草書 style kanji seem unintelligible to me as they look very different to\nmore readable normal 楷書 or 行書 styles. Can an average Japanese person read 草書\nstyle? If yes, do they learn it (in school or elsewhere)?\n\nAs a sample, I'll include one of my attempts - sorry for not best quality and\nteacher's markings. Can that be understood by an average Japanese person?\n\n\n\nNote: my question is not about what is written above. It's a question about\nreadability of 草書 style in general.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T09:10:18.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15299",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T15:16:27.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "Can an average Japanese person read 草書 style calligraphy?",
"view_count": 1567
} | [
{
"body": "An average Japanese person -- however that should be defined -- can indeed\nread an amount of 草書-style calligraphy, but it may not be a large amount\nbecause it is usually not taught in school.\n\nAn average person as myself just picks it up from his exposure to handwritten\nJapanese around him like in his house, school and even on the street. He\nlearns the 草書 characters one by one and do so almost randomly. How much each\nperson gets to learn depends on his curiosity and, importantly, his overall\nkanji knowledge. Those who do not pay attention to the stroke order are the\nones that struggle the most with 草書.\n\nIf I can read that calligraphy of yours, that would mean almost any Japanese\ncould, too, because I am so miserably average. It says 「花鳥風月」, right?\n\nIn the near future, though, there might appear a new generation of kids in\nJapan who could not read any 草書 because the amount of handwritten things\naround us has been decreasing greatly in this computer age.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T15:16:27.400",
"id": "15306",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T15:16:27.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15299 | 15306 | 15306 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15304",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I said to a Japanese person last night, meaning to say \"I'm tired\":\n\n> つかれたです。\n\nShe corrected me to:\n\n> つかれました。\n\nI'm curious as to why this is. I thought つかれたです was grammatically correct.\nDoes it sound strange or unusual? And why would using the past tense \"I felt\ntired\" be preferable to the present tense \"I feel tired\"?\n\nPlease reply in kana or kanji with furigana only.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T09:41:21.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15300",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-09T09:55:54.803",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T10:40:43.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "4242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why should I use つかれました and not つかれたです",
"view_count": 5846
} | [
{
"body": "To form the polite past tense, you can't just add です to the non-polite past\ntense つかれた.\n\nYou need to make the polite present tense つかれます into the past tense (i.e. ます\n-> ました) つかれました.\n\nThat the ending ます inflects like any other verb, e.g. (present) はなす -> (past)\nはなした, is no accident. ます can be thought of as an auxiliary verb.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T09:47:42.230",
"id": "15301",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T09:47:42.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15300",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Japanese grammar works in a different way when it comes to forming polite\nforms of verbs and i-adjectives.\n\nFor **verbs** , you add ～ます to the verb and then you form all other verbs\nforms from combined polite verb:\n\n> つかれる -> つかれます plain -> polite\n>\n> つかれます -> つかれました polite -> polite past\n>\n> つかれます -> つかれません polite -> polite negative\n\nIt is different for **i-adjectives** though. In that case, you use the plain\nform of adjectives and just add です.\n\n> おいしい -> おいしいです plain -> polite\n>\n> おいしかった -> おいしかったです plain past -> polite past\n>\n> おいしくない -> おいしくないです plain negative -> polite negative",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T10:04:30.943",
"id": "15303",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T10:04:30.943",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15300",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Usually, です is a polite copula, similar to だ but more polite:\n\n> それはリンゴだ That is an apple \n> それはリンゴです That is an apple (polite)\n\nBut です can also be a politeness marker added to adjectives:\n\n> あかい is red \n> あかいです is red (polite)\n\nWhen it's a politeness marker, です doesn't inflect for tense:\n\n> あかいです is red (polite) \n> あかかったです was red (polite)\n\nThe adjective before it already inflects for tense.\n\nThis is a relatively recent innovation in the Japanese language and not too\nlong ago was considered unacceptable. Some people still try to reword things\nto avoid it, but it's probably caught on because it filled a useful gap in the\nlanguage: making adjectives polite, like です with nouns or 〜ます with verbs, but\nwithout going as far as\n[〜うございます](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/765/1478).\n\nHowever, verbs already have a way to make them polite:\n\n> つかれた (past) \n> つかれました (past, polite)\n\nSo there's no motivation to start saying *つかれたです, and there's no reason for\npeople to start treating it as an acceptable part of the Japanese language. As\na result, it's ungrammatical.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T10:05:27.800",
"id": "15304",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T10:49:25.743",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15300",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "I think you have the grammar right, what might have escaped you is that つかれた\nis not an adjective like \"tired\" is in English (ex: He is tired.) . When you\nrealize that it's a past tense of a verb and you have to treat it like\n食べる・食べた, everything will make sense to you. You'd say, 食べました but not 食べたです。\n\nTo repeat everyone here, 「です」applies only to adjectives. That's why\n\nつかれたです\n\n....is actually gramatically incorrect. And if I may, it's the kind of wrong\nthat really, really sounds wrong so you want to get this right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-09T09:55:54.803",
"id": "86552",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-09T09:55:54.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14444",
"parent_id": "15300",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15300 | 15304 | 15304 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15305",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the construction ～なり～なり (meaning either... or...) on\n[JGram](http://www.popjisyo.com/WebHint/AddHint.aspx?d=7&r=jg&s=0&e=Shift_JIS&u=http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=nari%7Enari)\nand I saw this example:\n\n> ジュースなりコーラなり、お好きなものをどうぞ \n> juice.. cola.. have whatever you like\n\nThat made me wonder what the difference is in this case if か is used instead:\n\n> ジュースかコーラか、お好きなものをどうぞ\n\nIs it maybe a difference of register? Or does it have a different meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T10:01:47.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15302",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-30T23:43:26.353",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-30T23:43:26.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"register"
],
"title": "Difference between なり (meaning 'either.. or...') and か (meaning 'or')",
"view_count": 1814
} | [
{
"body": "The first sentence 「ジュースなりコーラなり、お[好]{す}きなものをどうぞ。」 is perfectly natural. It is\nasking you to choose whatever you want to drink and \"juice\" and \"cola\" are\nonly two examples of what is available. Point is you have other choices as\nwell.\n\nThe second sentence is different. By using 「か」, the speaker is giving the\naddressee two choices only --- \"juice\" and \"cola\". For this reason, the\nsentence is NOT very natural with the word choice of 「もの」. To use 「お好きなもの」,\none needs to have at least three choices. Thus, the 「もの」 needs to be replaced\nby 「[方]{ほう}」. 「お好きな方」 means \"the one you prefer among the two\".\n\n> 「ジュースかコーラか、お好きな方をどうぞ。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T10:39:59.657",
"id": "15305",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T10:39:59.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15302",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] | 15302 | 15305 | 15305 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15310",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm not sure my translation for this brief conversation is correct,\nparticularly the last sentence, so would like it double checked please.\n\n> カレン: ニールさんは音楽の学生ですね。 \n> ニール: そうですが、どうして？ \n> カレン: バイオリンを **習おうと思っている** んです **が** 、いい先生を **知りませんか** 。\n>\n> Karen: Neil you're a music student aren't you? \n> Neil: That’s right but why do you ask? \n> Karen: Well I've been thinking of learning the violin so do you know any\n> good teachers?\n\nA couple of things:\n\n 1. The が in the last sentence is confusing me as I can't see how a 'but' would really fit in.\n 2. What would be the difference between 習うと思っている and 習おうと思っている?\n 3. I was initially flummoxed by the 知りませんか but I think it’s a request form question now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T15:20:13.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15307",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-02T10:19:22.030",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4463",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Does this “が” mean “but”? What is the difference between 習うと思う and 習おうと思う?",
"view_count": 810
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is correct. However, this `が` isn't the \"but\" one. It's the\n\"softener\" one. I can't think of a way to translate it (if there even is one),\nbut it's often used to make one's own desires/actions seem less direct and a\nlittle more humble.\n\nEx.\n\n> * 聞きたいことがあるんですが... → There's something I'd like to ask you...\n>\n\n* * *\n\nThe difference between `習うと思っている` and `習おうと思っている` is the former would be used\nto indicate \"I think <someone else> will learn\" vs. \"I'm thinking **_I'd like\nto_** learn\". `〜（よ）うと思う` is a very common form for expressing a desired, yet\nuncertain intention.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T15:50:11.040",
"id": "15310",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T15:43:16.217",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T15:43:16.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "15307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> カレン: バイオリンを習おうと思っているんですが、いい先生を知りませんか。\n\nAs written, が is being used as a gentle lead-in. It's adding a sense of \"I'm\nprobably bothering you by asking, but...\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T18:10:02.220",
"id": "15314",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T18:10:02.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I don't know if this is correct, but I think the construction 習おうと思っている could\nbe translated literally as 'I'm thinking (to myself): let's learn'. 習おう is the\nsame construction you would use to suggest doing something. You could for\nexample say 日本語を習おう (meaning: Let's learn Japanese!)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T12:40:34.970",
"id": "15365",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T12:40:34.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"parent_id": "15307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "I understand your question regards the last line of Karen. The alternative\nEnglish translation of the last line could be: I've been thinking of learning\nthe violin. By the way do you know any good teacher? though there is a subtle\ndifference of implications from your translation.\n\n習うと思っている is very different from 習おうと思っている. The former is stating a simple\nfuture, like “I will be learning English when I get into the 1st grade of\nmiddle school.” The latter is stating your wish / desire like, “ I want\n(intend / plan) to study French (when I get into college)”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-02T10:19:22.030",
"id": "30187",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-02T10:19:22.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "15307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15307 | 15310 | 15310 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15309",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't know what の頃【ころ】 means in this sentence. I know ころ means 'about' or\n'around' but I still don't understand its use here.\n\nロンドンに来たばかりの頃【ころ】、私は「Chip Butty」を知りませんでした。\n\nMy best translation:\n\nI've just come back from london and I didn't know what a Chip Butty was.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T15:31:20.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15308",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T16:33:15.563",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T16:33:15.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "4463",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does の頃【ころ】 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1120
} | [
{
"body": "`ころ` means \"around\", \"about\", or \"(at) the time\". So it translates to:\n\n> At the time I'd just come ~~back~~ to London, ...\n\nNote that it's `come to London`, not `come back from London`.\n\nOther common usages include\n\n> * 子供のころ → When I was a child\n> * 高校生のころ → When I was in high school\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T15:38:51.303",
"id": "15309",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T15:38:51.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "15308",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15308 | 15309 | 15309 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15312",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've got a question about this part - それらの音が、世界の中心にあることを思い知らされ. I cannot\nunderstand why it's used passive form verb（思い知らされる） and それらの音 **が**. If I'm\nunderstanding correctly, the ones who \"make you realize something are those\nsounds\" So, is it a mistake here, some sort of \"author's stylistic\" or I'm\njust misunderstanding something?\n\n> いつもは車の音や街の音にかき消されてしまう、世界の囁き。それらの音が、世界の中心にあることを思い知らされ、だから、人の世界の不在を強く実感してしまうのだ\n>\n> \"The world's whisper, which is always erased by the sounds of cars and\n> streets. Those sounds makes you realize, that you are in the center of the\n> world, that is why...\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T16:25:28.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15311",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T16:52:33.600",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T16:46:26.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "3183",
"owner_user_id": "3183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Usage of passive form",
"view_count": 228
} | [
{
"body": "> (それらの音が、世界の中心にある)ことを思い知らされ(る) \n>\n\nそれらの音 is the subject for 世界の中心にある. The subject for 思い知らされ(る) and 強く実感してしまう is\n私/私たち(I/we/you).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T16:47:10.760",
"id": "15312",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T16:52:33.600",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T16:52:33.600",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15311",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15311 | 15312 | 15312 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15315",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When I was learning about 持ってくる【もってくる】 in college we did some roleplaying to\npractice using it. When my turn came up it was a husband and wife, with a line\nalong the lines of the following:\n\n> あなたはビールを持ってこい。\n\n(Context: I was playing the husband, saying this to the wife, played by a\nfellow classmate.)\n\nDeciding to use my broader vocabulary and try to make the dialogue sound more\nnatural, I decided to try substituting お前 for あなた. This produced an extremely\nunpleasant look from my professor, with a request to see her in her office\nafter class. Upon arriving in her office, the lecture basically amounted to \"I\ndon't know what kinds of things you read on your own time, but don't\n**_ever_** use that word again!\"\n\nWas I seriously misusing the word, was she overreacting, or was it a bit of\nboth?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T17:55:40.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15313",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T04:24:49.430",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T22:36:44.080",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"pronouns",
"second-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Appropriate context for お前【まえ】",
"view_count": 352
} | [
{
"body": "Well, it actually would not be terribly common for a wife to call her husband\nお前 in the first place (at least in public), I think. The other way around\nseems perfectly believable to me though.\n\nAnyways, in trying to understand why your professor may have been upset by\nthat, all I can guess is that she considers お前 to be so jarringly incorrect\nfor whomever you were saying it to (e.g., the professor herself), that even\nthough you were roleplaying it would be considered going too far.\n\nThe word お前 itself is not like a swear word in English, it's regularly used\n(in specific circumstances, such as between close male friends) and kids in\nJapan hear it all the time (try watching an episode of ドラゴンボール), so I'm not\nsure why she said \"but don't ever use that word again!\". Maybe she just\ndoesn't think that the class is ready to learn words which can only be used in\nspecific social contexts.\n\n**Edit:** Since you said it to a classmate (though I assume the rest of the\nclass was listening and not practicing on their own?), I really think the\nprofessor overreacted, unless you really don't know this classmate well at\nall, or they are much older than you (i.e., anything that would cause お前 to be\njarringly inappropriate even when roleplaying).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T18:35:00.467",
"id": "15315",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T04:24:49.430",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-11T04:24:49.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "15313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Just intended as a small remark: the use of お前 does by no means necessarily\nimply domestic violence, but domestic violence does definitely imply the\nhusband referring to the wife as お前.\n\nMaybe this puts it somewhat into perspective.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T18:38:35.100",
"id": "15316",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T18:38:35.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15313 | 15315 | 15315 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The English word \"funny\" means \"something that makes one laugh\". What is/are\nthe closest Japanese word/words that match the meaning and the nuance of the\nword \"funny\"?\n\nTwo possible matches are 楽しい【たのしい】 and 面白い【おもしろい】. However, 楽しい is more like\n\"fun\" and 面白い is more like \"interesting\". There is also 可笑しい【おかしい】, which in\nmy experience is often used with negative connotations. The word \"funny\" can\nalso have negative connotations, but is usually positive. Another possible\nmatch is 滑稽 but this seems to have the sense of \"extremely funny\".",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T18:38:45.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15317",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T23:39:09.667",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T19:06:23.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "3221",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 18,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say \"funny\"?",
"view_count": 39385
} | [
{
"body": "You've basically answered your question - the words you've listed are your\noptions. There's pretty much nothing closer to the English word 'funny' than\nthose words; and if there was a more direct translation, it would be unusual\nenough of a word that it would sound too strange to use in everyday\nconversation. I'd say to default to 面白い - it would mean something like\n'something that I enjoy(ed) experiencing', in this case, because it was\nhumorous.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T22:51:18.993",
"id": "15323",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T22:51:18.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "15317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I think that 面白い is actually much closer to \"funny\" than most learners\nrealise, because they think of 面白い as \"interesting\". It often means \"funny\",\ne.g.\n\n> アキちゃんはちょうおもしろいよね \n> Aki is really funny.\n\nAnother way of saying \"that's really funny\", which hasn't been mentioned, is\n\n> (ちょう)うける",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T23:28:23.043",
"id": "15324",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T23:39:09.667",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-08T23:39:09.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] | 15317 | null | 15324 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15319",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'd like to ask if I'm correct in reading the following phrase as \"(Please)\nuse it again sometime!\":\n\n> また今度、使ってくれよな！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T19:21:51.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15318",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-16T22:33:41.450",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-16T22:33:41.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "5108",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of また今度、使ってくれよな",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "Specifically you're asking them to use it the next time, but it should suit\nyour purposes fine. If you explicitly want to leave it as a general\n\"sometime\", you can change 今度 to いつか with no adverse effect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T19:28:21.623",
"id": "15319",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-08T19:28:21.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15318",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15318 | 15319 | 15319 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So there's a character in a manga that says this:\n\n> 空想だけで何でもできちゃう奴を見ちまうと 何にもできねえ方がどんだけ平和だろうと思うぜ ([Link to\n> source](http://puu.sh/817Ik.jpg))\n\nNow the 方 in the text has the furigana of ほう. So if I'm not mistaken that\nmeans \"way/side/direction\". But it seems that the furigana makes more sense as\nかた, so it would mean person. So with that said, how is the phrase 何にもできねえ方\nsupposed to be translated/understood?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T20:18:58.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15321",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-30T23:48:12.427",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-30T23:46:24.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "This usage of 方 in 何にもできねえ方がどんだけ平和だろうと思うぜ",
"view_count": 416
} | [
{
"body": "That is 100% 「ほう」, not 「かた」.\n\nWhen 「方」 is read 「かた」, it is a very polite and respectful way of saying \"a\nperson\". Look carefully at the words used in that sentence, such as 「[奴]{やつ} =\na derogatory \"dude\"」、「[見]{み}ちまう = the tough guy's way of saying 見てしまう」、「できねえ =\nthe tough guy's できない」, etc. There is no chance that a word like [方]{かた} would\nbe used with those words in the same sentence.\n\nWhenever [方]{ほう} is used, it is comparing TWO things. In this sentence, the\ntwo things are:\n\n 1. [空想]{くうそう}だけで[何]{なん}でもできちゃう[奴]{やつ} = \"a guy who can do anything in his imagination\"\n\n 2. 何にもできねえ方 = \"a guy who can't do anything (in his imagination)\" Here,「方」 refers to 「奴」.\n\nAnd the speaker is saying that it is more peaceful to be the latter type of\nguy.\n\nSee my answer here: [Difference between なり (meaning 'either.. or...') and か\n(meaning 'or')](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15302/30454)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-08T22:29:26.497",
"id": "15322",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-30T23:48:12.427",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-30T23:48:12.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15321 | null | 15322 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15327",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that the traditional Japanese style pubs that serve food as well as\ndrinks are called \"居酒屋\".\n\nBut once a few years ago in Yamagata city, and last night here in Kagoshima\ncity, I ended up in a kind of place where there are many small stalls, not\nreally strong permanent buildings, sharing an area, perhaps sometimes even\nsharing common walls but I'm not positive on that note. Each stall is\nbasically like an izakaya serving drinks and food with only a small number of\nseats for customers. Some have an additional one or two tables just outside\nthe stall.\n\nThe area could contain a dozen or maybe twenty of these stalls.\n\nIs this whole area referred to as \"izakaya\" too? Are the individual stalls\n\"izakaya\"s? Or is \"izakaya\" only for the more permanent pubs?\n\nIf there not specific terms dedicated to these areas and establishments, how\nwould you normally talk about them in Japanese? I'm interested in words or\nphrases for both the individual establishments / stalls, and for the area\nwhich has a collection of them.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T00:57:30.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15326",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T08:53:17.957",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T01:44:09.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words",
"food",
"phrase-requests",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Is there a Japanese word for \"area with a collection of izakaya stalls or booths\"?",
"view_count": 551
} | [
{
"body": "Those are most commonly called 「[屋台村]{やたいむら}」, followed probably by\n「[屋台街]{やたいがい}」, but I recommend that you stick with the former because the\nlatter can also refer to a regular street lined with food stalls.\n\nThere is one named 「かごっまふるさと屋台村」 in Kagoshima if that is the one you got drunk\nat last night.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keCZt91Xj1g>\n\nThe word 「[居酒屋]{いざかや}」 cannot be used to refer to the whole area. It can be to\nrefer to each one operating in it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T05:12:32.427",
"id": "15327",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T08:53:17.957",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T08:53:17.957",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15326",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15326 | 15327 | 15327 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15331",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What do Japanese young people exactly mean by 「セクハラ」? Do they think it is\nnegative, or only slightly negative, or not negative?\n\nI've often heard Japanese university students throw around the term 「セクハラ」 as\nsomething which they accuse each other of or remark that someone did to them,\nbut do not seem to be implying behaviors that are illegal, an unethical\nviolation of human rights, or particularly offensive or negative (like the\nEnglish definition of \"sexual harassment\" would). The Japanese casual use of\nthis term does not _seem_ to mean unwelcome bullying or coercion of a sexual\nnature, sexist language, promise of reward for sexual favors, sexual abuse, or\nsexual assault. I have heard it used involving a girl acting as if she is\nreaching out to touch another girl's chest but doesn't go through with it. I\nhave heard it used when a girl pounced on the back of a boy and kept hugging\nhim from behind despite his protests. When I tried Googling 「セクハラ」 I only\nfound websites defining it in a serious and legal way.\n\nI want to explain to my Japanese students that they should be careful with\nthis term when speaking with internationals or abroad, as it is not\nappropriate in English to lightheartedly refer to oneself as inflicting or\nundergoing any sort of harassment. I think I could explain this better to them\nif I can better understand what they mean by the term.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T06:32:47.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15328",
"last_activity_date": "2015-05-28T04:55:00.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"loanwords",
"wasei-eigo"
],
"title": "What do young Japanese mean by セクハラ?",
"view_count": 2242
} | [
{
"body": "It means what it says, but the severity of the accusation changes by context,\nperhaps this is because it is a non-indigenous imported word, although most\nknow what it means, the social context has not been set as a norm, it could be\na dead serious accusation, or just said lightly as in saying \"stop hitting on\nme\", who says it, and how matter.\n\nIf you are to explain to Japanese students about the seriousness of the word,\nyou should emphasize that the word \"sexual harassment\" is not used as casually\nas it is in Japan, that it would be like using \"性的いやがらせ\" which usually is not\nused casually.Perhaps giving examples of slang terminology that could be used\nthat won't be so strong may help, although that could lead to other problems.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T08:33:20.093",
"id": "15331",
"last_activity_date": "2015-05-28T04:55:00.497",
"last_edit_date": "2015-05-28T04:55:00.497",
"last_editor_user_id": "4991",
"owner_user_id": "4991",
"parent_id": "15328",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] | 15328 | 15331 | 15331 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was looking for the pronunciation of 離す by searching 'let go' on Jdic. I\ncame across 放す, but not 離す. Is there a difference between the 2?\n\nThe example I was looking at was:\n\n> あいつはマイクを握ったが最後、離そうとしないカラオケ狂だ。 \n> He is such karaoke fan that if only he gets his hands on the mike he\n> wouldn’t drop it all night.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T11:54:59.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15333",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-18T16:07:47.943",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T13:19:16.273",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 'hanasu' written 離す versus 放す?",
"view_count": 1964
} | [
{
"body": "離す means to separate or let go of something (c.f. 分離).\n\n放す means to send out or to emit (c.f. 放送).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T13:05:46.367",
"id": "15335",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T13:05:46.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15333",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "At the simplest of levels both mean relatively the same thing. However, the\nnuance - and thus times you may choose one over the other - is slightly\ndifferent. 離す means more to separate from something, where 放す means to release\nsomething (the clearest image is \"out into the wild\" or \"on its own\").\n\nFor reference, from the Microsoft IME:\n\n> * 離す → 分離，距離 「二人の仲を離す，つないでいた手を離す」\n> * 放す → 開放，自由 「鳥を放す，ハンドルから手を放す」\n>\n\n* * *\n\nAs a side note, as a literary technique you can also purposely mis(?)-use\nkanji in these cases to convey a slightly different meaning or nuance in\nwritten text. That is, one might write 彼女の手を放した to convey the feeling that he\npermanently let her go, with an added feeling that the woman _as an entire\nperson_ left, the hand simply being the device of expression.\n\nFurthermore, songs and poems may even use non-standard or unusual kanji\nentirely to convey ideas, generally accompanied by furigana - one simplest\nexample being `時間【とき】`. In this example (which would normally be read `じかん`),\nthe idea of \"a long time\" or \"time passing\" is clearly conveyed, as opposed to\na single moment in time.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-05-18T15:55:12.840",
"id": "16024",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-18T16:07:47.943",
"last_edit_date": "2014-05-18T16:07:47.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "5375",
"owner_user_id": "5375",
"parent_id": "15333",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15333 | null | 16024 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15337",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was looking up ～が最後 and saw a comment that it was similar to 一旦～. However\nthere was no further explanation, so now I'm wondering what the difference is?\n\nOne of the examples of ～が最後 I was looking at:\n\n> あいつはマイクを握ったが最後、離そうとしないカラオケ狂だ。 \n> He is such karaoke fan that if only he gets his hands on the mike he\n> wouldn’t drop it all night.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T12:55:36.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15334",
"last_activity_date": "2017-11-16T15:09:58.530",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-09T05:54:04.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 一旦～ and ～が最後?",
"view_count": 497
} | [
{
"body": "There is no significant difference in meaning between 「[一旦]{いったん}～～」 and\n「～～が[最後]{さいご}」. You can use either of the two or even both together to say:\n\n> \"Once someone does A, he will always (or never) do B.\" or\n>\n> \"Once A happens, there certainly will come situation B.\"\n>\n> In other words, it expresses an automatic and/or uncontrollable result.\n\nI will use your sentence in my explanation.\n\n> 「あいつはマイクを[握]{にぎ}っ **たが** 最後、[離]{はな}そうとしないカラオケ[狂]{きょう}だ。」 \n> ↑ Either 「 **たが** 」 or 「 **たら** 」 is OK.\n>\n> = \"He is such a big karaoke maniac that once he grabs hold of a mike, he\n> will never let go of it.\"\n\nTo say the exact same thing, you can use 一旦 or use both 一旦 and が最後. The\nsentence will only sound more emphatic if you use both.\n\n> 「あいつは一旦マイクを握っ **たら** 、離そうとしないカラオケ狂だ。」 \n> ↑ Only 「 **たら** 」 can be used.\n>\n> 「あいつは一旦マイクを握っ **たら** 最後、離そうとしないカラオケ狂だ。」 \n> ↑ Either 「たら」 or 「たが」 can be used.\n\n「一旦」 can be replaced with 「[一度]{いちど}」 in these constructions. (But 一旦 would\nsound better to more native speakers.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T14:47:37.763",
"id": "15337",
"last_activity_date": "2017-11-16T15:09:58.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15334",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15334 | 15337 | 15337 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Because I am half-Swedish, I usually joke about this to other people. But now,\nI don't really know how to say it in Japanese!\n\nMaybe...\n\n> 話すのとき、歌のように聞こえる。。。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T17:31:51.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15338",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T11:23:49.743",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T11:23:49.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How should I say: When we talk, it sounds like we are singing",
"view_count": 690
} | [
{
"body": "Not a bad start, but this might be a little closer:\n\n> 話す時、歌う気がしている。\n\n時【とき】 can be affixed directly to plain verbs.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T17:40:01.490",
"id": "15339",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T17:40:01.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15338",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "It would LITERALLY translate to \n\n> (私たちが)話すとき/話すと、歌っているように(orみたいに)聞こえる(or聞こえます)。 \n> When we talk, it sounds like we are singing.\n\nBut to sound more natural I think you can say\n\n> スウェーデン語で話すと、歌ってるみたいに聞こえるよ/聞こえますよ。 \n> (Lit. When I speak Swedish, I sound like singing) \n> スウェーデン語って、歌ってるみたいに聞こえるんだよ/聞こえるんですよ。 \n> (Lit. Swedish language sounds like you're singing) \n> スウェーデン語って、歌みたいだよ/ですよ。/ 歌みたいに聞こえるよ/聞こえますよ。 \n> (Lit. Swedish language is like a song / sounds like a song) \n> etc...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T23:18:07.780",
"id": "15351",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T23:45:11.963",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T23:45:11.963",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15338",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15338 | null | 15351 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was talking to a friend and he said he didn't like AKB48! I'm shocked,\nbecause AKB48 is so popular in Japan! How do I say: \"I thought everyone liked\nAKB48\"? Maybe something like...\n\n> 誰もがAKB48が好きとおもった！\n\nAnd maybe something extra like \"Since they have a café and anime dedicated to\nthem, I thought they would be more popular.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T18:43:50.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15340",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T22:52:26.260",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-11T22:52:26.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do I say: \"I thought everyone liked AKB48\"",
"view_count": 1883
} | [
{
"body": "I would say:\n\n> 「AKB48って、みんな(or誰でも)好きだと思ってた！AKBのカフェとかアニメとかもあるし、もっと人気があると思ってたよ。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T14:54:32.047",
"id": "15390",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T14:54:32.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15340",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15340 | null | 15390 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15354",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 嫌{きら}う and 嫌{いや}がる? Are they interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T19:56:20.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15341",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T00:20:52.520",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T20:19:47.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 嫌{きら}う and 嫌{いや}がる?",
"view_count": 1019
} | [
{
"body": "This is a good example of a pair of words that would seem interchangeable if\n\"translated\" as both are often just translated to \"to hate\".\n\n「嫌う」 and 「嫌がる」 are only \"casually\" interchangeable but not strictly so. The\nkey word is 「がる」, not the big kanji 「嫌」.\n\nFor instance, you can hate your husband without anyone knowing it, including\nyour husband. To keep it a secret, all you have to do is to be a good actress\nand not show your true feelings. This is 「嫌う」.\n\nIf your hatred toward your hubby ever starts showing in your words or\nattitude, we are getting into the realm of 「嫌がる」. There is \"evidence\" now.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T00:20:52.520",
"id": "15354",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T00:20:52.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15341",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] | 15341 | 15354 | 15354 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15344",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Two Japanese-fluent characters in an English novel I'm reading are talking\nabout a specific heart problem one character concealed from medical exams.\nThat character is requesting the second character keep this secret, lest they\nbe kicked off the mission.\n\nThe second character drops briefly into Japanese:\n\n> \"Watakushi no doryo wa, wakarimasu,\" Nicole said kindly, changing into\n> Japanese to show sympathy for her colleague's anguish.\n\nBoth characters are fluent, and I believe the writer was as well.\n\nOne of the problems here is whether \"doryo\" should be written どりょ or どりょう -\nthis would help with translation. However, none of the translation services\nI've tried actually seem to translate this in any way which makes sense. The\nclosest I've gotten from Google has been \"magnanimity\" - but I don't think\nthis makes contextual sense.\n\nWhat is the meaning of this statement, and how should \"doryo\" be written in\nhiragana?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T20:13:49.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15343",
"last_activity_date": "2014-12-24T12:58:41.050",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-09T21:00:10.860",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "What does this person mean by \"doryo\" in this context?",
"view_count": 4533
} | [
{
"body": "It is likely `[同僚]{どう・りょう}` which means \"colleague\"/\"coworker\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T20:27:21.760",
"id": "15344",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T20:27:21.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "15343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "I'm reading Rama II and just came to this. Asked my wife about it. The word\ndoryo means \"magnitude, weight,\" or in this case \"capacity, caliber.\" She had\ndifficulty explaining the meaning of this phrase. She says it sounds very\n\"old\" and the meaning doesn't really fit the circumstance of the passage.\n\nBut what it seems she is saying is something like: \"I know my own capacity and\ncannot change how I will respond.\" Basically a humble way of saying that she\ncan only be who she is, so she cannot overlook his health issue even though\ngoing to Rama means everything to him.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-12-21T06:18:54.523",
"id": "20988",
"last_activity_date": "2014-12-21T07:08:53.313",
"last_edit_date": "2014-12-21T07:08:53.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "8002",
"owner_user_id": "8002",
"parent_id": "15343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You can see the Turkish(?!) version of this online here:\n[https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=xbzji0dHTHcC&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Watakushi+no+doryo+wa,+wakarimasu,&source=bl&ots=0RCiBfH12e&sig=laPoZJTXNBqwDkwM8Ap9LPbBLz8&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=fIqWVLi-\nGoKtmAWU5YHQCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=xbzji0dHTHcC&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Watakushi+no+doryo+wa,+wakarimasu,&source=bl&ots=0RCiBfH12e&sig=laPoZJTXNBqwDkwM8Ap9LPbBLz8&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=fIqWVLi-\nGoKtmAWU5YHQCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)\n\nLo and behold, it's written _dôryô_ with circumflex (perhaps because the\nTurkish printers didn't have macrons).\n\nI can't find any evidence that Arthur C Clarke spoke Japanese. I don't think\nit is profitable to try to understand this in Japanese, you have to think what\nthe English would be that he was trying to translate, so I think this is just:\n\n\"My colleague, I understand\"\n\nI ought to have a stab at translating it into Japanese. Something like this\nperhaps?\n\nYoku wakatteiru, yo, Hakamatsu-san.\n\n(Not sure if this is the right name of the person she is talking to.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-12-21T09:03:10.847",
"id": "20990",
"last_activity_date": "2014-12-21T18:56:13.293",
"last_edit_date": "2014-12-21T18:56:13.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "7717",
"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "15343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This is kind of a messed up translation. It means \"My colleague understands,\"\nbut she's probably trying to say \"My colleague, I understand.\" In Japanese you\ndon't usually use terms of address unless trying to get someone's attention,\nor you are an anime character talking to your similarly hulking brother.\n\nThe best translation for, \"My colleague, I understand,\" is:\n\n> 分かった **or** 分かった、はかまつさん",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-12-24T12:58:41.050",
"id": "21011",
"last_activity_date": "2014-12-24T12:58:41.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8009",
"parent_id": "15343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15343 | 15344 | 15344 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15352",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do I say copyrighted material in Japanese?\n\nIs 著作権のある資料 a good translation?\n\nI want to say that uploading copyrighted material is prohibited.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T20:46:02.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15345",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T23:18:15.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4600",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say copyrighted material in Japanese?",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, that would be the most natural phrase in Japanese. The whole sentence\nshould look like:\n\n> 「[著作権]{ちょさくけん}のある[資料]{しりょう}をアップロードすることは[禁]{きん}じられている。」 or\n>\n> 「著作権のある資料のアップロードは禁じられている。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T23:18:15.540",
"id": "15352",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T23:18:15.540",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15345",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15345 | 15352 | 15352 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15355",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just came across this in a magazine 'トライしてみて'.\n\nI know it's saying 'try', but does it actually make grammatical sense? Would I\nbe able to use that in a formal situation, or is it just to sound cute.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T22:45:04.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15346",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T00:30:42.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5118",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "トライしてみて. Usage?",
"view_count": 196
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it is grammatically correct. It's of the form `〜てみる` which means \"to do 〜\nand see how it goes/turns out\". `〜てみる` is fine for formal situations\n(actually, `〜てご[覧]{らん}ください` is even more formal), but the `トライする` is not.\n\nHowever, `トライしてみて` is not just \"cutesy\" either. It's perfectly fine to use in\n(most/all?) familiar situations. For more formal situations, you can say\n`{やって・試して・試みて} + {みて・ご覧} + ください`.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T22:54:30.240",
"id": "15347",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T22:54:30.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "15346",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think the piece of the puzzle which you are missing is that トライする means \"to\ntry\". ～する is the most common pattern for loans to turn into Japanese verbs\n(with some exceptions, like ググる etc.).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T00:30:42.627",
"id": "15355",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T00:30:42.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1073",
"parent_id": "15346",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15346 | 15355 | 15347 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Let's say you were comparing/contrasting two concepts e.g. in a title of an\nessay/article.\n\n> Concept A vs. Concept B - Which is Better?\n\nThe above is just an example.\n\nCan 対 be used? Also, how would you put 対 in a sentence? I am guessing like\nthis:\n\n> ConceptA 対 ConceptB\n\nSo, is there a Japanese equivalent of \"versus\"? Are there different ones\ndepending on the context?\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T23:00:24.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15349",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T05:34:41.430",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T04:32:10.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "29",
"owner_user_id": "5100",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Can 対 be used in Japanese where \"Versus\" would be used in English?",
"view_count": 5746
} | [
{
"body": "You answered your own question, pretty much. 対 is used more or less exactly\nlike vs. is in English.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-09T23:14:43.483",
"id": "15350",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-09T23:14:43.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15349",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Here in Japan these days, I actually see and hear 「[vs.]{バーサス}」 as often as or\neven more often than 「[対]{たい}」.\n\n「対」 would tend to suggest a physical fight or conflict, so we tend not to use\nit in other contexts.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T00:33:50.207",
"id": "15356",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T00:33:50.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15349",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Yes, it's used very much like Versus. However!\n\nAs Tokyo Nagoya pointed out, バーサス is usable sometimes, too. Plus, occasionally\nクロス (that is, \"X\", usually a sign of collaboration) will be used like \"Versus\"\ndepending on the context.\n\nFor example, it's \"[Capcom vs.\nSNK](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capcom_vs._SNK%3a_Millennium_Fight_2000)\" in\nboth Japan and the US, but it's \"[Street Fighter X\nTekken](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_Fighter_X_Tekken)\" in both\nterritories.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T05:34:41.430",
"id": "15359",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T05:34:41.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "271",
"parent_id": "15349",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15349 | null | 15356 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15358",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently boasted to a native speaker that I can pronounce Japanese with a\nhigh degree of precision, while he has trouble with pronouncing the \"L\" sound\nin English. Later in the discussion he stopped me and insisted that I was\nmistaking a Japanese pronunciation. He said: \n'黒海{こっかい}’ is pronounced differently than '国会{こっかい}’\n\n(1) I don't believe him. Is there really more than one way to pronounce\n\"こっかい”, or any other word? Every word can be written in kana, and kana\npronunciation is not ambiguous? \n(2) Is it even possible for Japanese to have the concept of a heteronyms? A\nheteronym must be written the same way and pronounced differently. But, almost\nevery Japanese word can be written two different ways: kana and kanji. Without\na unique way to write a word, heteronyms don't make sense?\n\nIs this a valid assertion: \" _The Japanese language does not support the\nconcept of 'heteronyms'._ \"?\n\nmaybe this page needs to be updated and improved?\n<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_heteronyms>\n\nthank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T02:13:48.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15357",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T12:04:46.810",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T12:04:46.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "3962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "is \"こっかい\" a heteronym?",
"view_count": 591
} | [
{
"body": "It's a matter of pitch accent. In a manner _somewhat_ similar to Chinese,\nJapanese actually has 2 tones that establish its inflectional patterns. They\naren't widely taught to foreigners because the patterns vary amongst regions\n(e.g. Osaka and Tokyo are near-opposite), but one purpose that they do serve\nis to distinguish between homophones.\n\nAccording to the 1980 edition of the 明解日本語アクセント辞典 published by 三省堂, the proper\ninflectional patterns are as follows:\n\n * 黒海 こっかい【HLLL】\n * 国会 こっかい【LHHH】\n\nSo in the case of 黒海 you would start on a higher pitch and it would fall after\nthe first; in the case of 国会 it starts low and then rises.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T02:21:12.430",
"id": "15358",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T02:30:50.583",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T02:30:50.583",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15357",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] | 15357 | 15358 | 15358 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15361",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning how to introduce myself and am trying to figure out the basic\ngrammar. I know that in Japanese the subject is often left off if it's clear\nwhat is being spoken of. I'm not too sure, however, whether it's unambiguous\nin this instance - do I need the subject for '(Senkou wa) bungaku to kogaku\ndesu'? Here is my passage:\n\n> わたし の なまえ は ハリエット です。二十 さい です。さんねんせい です。ぶんがく と こがく です。しゅっしん が オｸランド です。\n\n 1. Is 'bungaku' correct for an English major, or should I say 'eigo'? Does 'eigo' make it sound like I'm studying English linguistics / English as a second language?\n 2. Can I say 'bungaku to kogaku sannensei desu', or do I need to have separate clauses for my year and major?\n 3. Is 'shusshin ga okurando desu' correct? I've never encountered this phrase before now, when I was trying to find a translation for 'My hometown is Auckland'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T09:11:29.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15360",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-26T23:24:48.920",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-26T23:24:48.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4766",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Introductions and grammar",
"view_count": 249
} | [
{
"body": "There's a lot of small questions in there. I will start with the easiest ones.\n\nFor how to get your place name right in Katakana, use wikipedia (go to English\nwikipedia, find word your know, switch to 日本語 =\n<http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89_(%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)>\n--> オークランド\n\nI would probably say オークランド[出身]{しゅっしん}です but I think オークランドが出身 is\ngrammatically fine.\n\nRegarding \"さんねんせい です。ぶんがく と こがく です\", there are several questions / problems\nhere. \"English\" if that means English literature is [英文学]{えいぶんがく} \"こがく\" would\nbe archaeology [古学]{こがく} or do you mean engineering [工学]{こうがく}\n\nAs a note of caution from someone who did have two majors, that's not very\nnormal in Japan and will probably just confuse people to the point where you\nwill need to explain further.\n\nIn random speech, 英文学と工学です would be an exceptionally weird sentence meaning\n\"English literature and Engineering\". In the context of introductions at a\nuniversity, the following modified version will accomplish something\ncomprehensible:\n\n> [文学部]{ぶんがくぶ}[英文専攻]{えいぶんせんこう} の三年生です。\n\nOne problem is that Japanese undergraduates at most universities don't have\nmajors per se, they belong to [学部]{がくぶ}'s. If you look that word up, your\ndictionary will tell you it means \"department\" but don't be fooled. It's\ncloser in meaning to college (i.e. \"college of liberal arts\"), but its\nsocially distinct from anything I experienced in the US. Basically, you can\nhave a major inside of it, but your identity at the university centers on you\nbeing a part of a 学部. For students introductions, everyone tells you their 学部.\nYou can ask later for the major -- but some students will just repeat their\n学部.\n\nSince 学部 are exclusive identities, having two is confusing for them. So if you\npresent your majors, it's best to start with one and or say something like\n[専攻]{せんこう}はふたつ.英文と工学 (presuming you meant engineering?)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T09:34:28.453",
"id": "15361",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T09:48:05.190",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T09:48:05.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "15360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15360 | 15361 | 15361 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have read about the different uses of the different particles in Japanese\nbut often become confused as to how it should be translated in different\nsentences. In other words the actual intent of the particle sometimes looks\nambigious to me. Now the particle と has atleast these four uses:\n\n```\n\n 1) Quotation particle. It could be quoting a thought or speach.\n 2) Conditional particle. It expresses natural cause and effect statements only.\n 3) List of things. It can be used to express the word \"and\" for an exhaustive list of things.\n 4) With. Expressing relationship between two things, translated as \"with\" in English.\n \n```\n\nNow often I get confused which way the particle is being used when we have\nsentence before and also after the particle.\n\nIf I have just one sentence ending verb after the particle like\n書く、思う、話す、言う、then I know we are quoting something. If we have list of nouns\nseperated by と then we know that here we have an exhaustive list of things.\nThe problem is that while this is true, the particle is used in more complex\nsituations as well with in paragraphs and then sometimes I cannot make out how\nto translate it.\n\nCould you elaborate on how to know for sure which way the particle is being\nused?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T12:01:02.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15363",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-13T05:56:09.253",
"last_edit_date": "2014-05-13T05:56:09.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "3441",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "Confusion with Japanese particle と in its multiple uses",
"view_count": 11183
} | [
{
"body": "You're 90% there. Let's take your list in order, shall we?\n\n**1. Quotation Particle**\n\nAs you noted, if you see it followed by a verb indicating expression\n(思う、言う、話す, etc.) then it's being used in this manner.\n\n**2. Conditional Particle**\n\nThe following sentence is the way I was taught to use this one:\n\n> 秋になると、葉が落ちる。 \"When autumn comes, the leaves fall.\"\n\nIn other words, it's used to join two sentences and follows the dictionary\nform of the verb. What happens in the second sentence must be a direct\nconsequence of what happened in the first.\n\n**3. List of Things**\n\nA more exhaustive answer for this one can be found\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14979/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%84-and-%E3%82%82-for-lists), but the short of\nit is like you said, if you see several nouns grouped together by と then this\nis the most likely usage. Also, the last item in the group usually takes the\nsame particle that a single item would have taken, on behalf of the group. So,\nfor example:\n\n> 八百屋【やおや】で林檎【りんご】とニンジンとピーマンを買【か】うつもり。\n\nピーマン takes を because if we were buying just one item we would have used を. と\nis then used between everything else on the list.\n\n**4. With**\n\nOften with this usage one item is expressed independently using は, after which\nother people or items are added to the group. For example:\n\n> 私は武【たけし】と東京へ行った。 \"I went to Tokyo _with Takeshi_.\"\n\nI'm using と in this sentence to add Takeshi to the group. Additional people\ncan also be included using `XとYと...`, but beyond two it can start sounding a\nbit ridiculous.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T12:18:01.787",
"id": "15364",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-12T15:42:53.130",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15363",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] | 15363 | null | 15364 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm working with a computer translation program and the output I got was this:\n\n> ぞれは一般的です。\n\nI'm trying to determine whether this is a correct translation for 'That is\ncommon.' Alc gives 誰でも知っている［やっている・使っている］一般的 when I look up common, which has\nme thinking that the sense of the sentence is wrong.\n\nThe source sentence is: 'This type of implementation of the <do> tag on mobile\ndevices is very common'.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T13:39:36.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15367",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T21:01:55.687",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T16:24:59.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation"
],
"title": "Translating the statement: X is very common",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "I would say it means \"That is typical.\" Or 'That's not uncommon.\"\n\nAs with most short Japanese sentences like that, to make a translation into\nEnglish, it depends on what kind of context is surrounding it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T14:28:36.327",
"id": "15368",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T14:28:36.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5128",
"parent_id": "15367",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> それは一般的です\n\nIs more like, \"that is commonplace.\"\n\nWhile it's not incorrect, I'd say something along the lines of\n\n> このモバイル・デバイス上のタグ実装手法はごく普通のである。\n\nごく普通 = fairly common/normal\n\nor\n\n> このモバイル・デバイス上のタグ実装手法は非常に平凡のである。\n\n非常に平凡 = extremely common/standard\n\nAlthough extremely standard is a bit of an oxymoron.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T20:03:05.807",
"id": "15369",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T21:01:55.687",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T21:01:55.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "4965",
"owner_user_id": "4965",
"parent_id": "15367",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15367 | null | 15368 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15371",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When would one be used? I don't understand the difference between them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T21:13:58.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15370",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T21:43:16.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4516",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Is there difference between 大事／大した",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "事【じ】 is a matter, so 大事【だいじ】means a \"serious matter\".\n\n大【たい】した places less emphasis on the \"matter\" and more on being \"big\", so can\nsimply mean \"very\" or \"much\".\n\nAs an example\n\n> 国家安全保障【こっかあんぜんほしょう】の大事【だいじ】 - a matter of national security\n\nand\n\n> 彼女【かのじょ】は大【たい】した歌手【かしゅ】になるはず - she will definitely become a (very big)\n> singer\n\nAs per their negative counterparts, I find that in a colloquial sentence the\nfollowing would seem a bit more formal:\n\n> 大事【だいじ】ではない ー (it's not a big issue)\n\nwhereas this sounds more natural:\n\n> 大【たい】したこと（では）ない ー (no biggie)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T21:27:47.913",
"id": "15371",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T21:43:16.923",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-10T21:43:16.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "4965",
"owner_user_id": "4965",
"parent_id": "15370",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15370 | 15371 | 15371 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My friend and I were talking, and they had an interesting question. How do you\nestablish that something implies something else in Japanese - specifically in\nthe form A implies B?\n\nThe research I've done has given me the form:\n\n> A は B を[意味]{いみ}する。\n\nBut this feels very strange. From what I can tell, that translates to \"A does\nB's meaning,\" which isn't really what I'm trying to say.\n\nFor instance, I tried translating:\n\n> \"My title implies that I am a doctor.\"\n\nWhich came out to:\n\n> 私のタイトルは、私は[医者]{いしゃ}だということを[意味]{いみ}します。\n\nThis seems like an odd and roundabout translation, especially with the use of\nだということ. How could this be said better? Is there a standard way of saying \"A\nimplies B\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T21:40:11.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15372",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-11T15:51:27.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5130",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How would one say A implies B in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1701
} | [
{
"body": "I think 示【しめ】すis a better word for this as it means to \"illustrate\",\n\"indicate\" or \"express\":\n\n> 私の肩書【かたが】きは医者【いしゃ】だということを示【しめ】している。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T21:49:12.687",
"id": "15373",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T08:15:01.810",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-11T08:15:01.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "4965",
"owner_user_id": "4965",
"parent_id": "15372",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think you may be trying to translate too directly from Japanese from\nEnglish.\n\nAlso 「A は B を[意味]{いみ}する。」＝ A means B\n\nI am not a native speaker but perhaps the sentence you are looking for is:\n\n> 「Dr.」 という肩書きは 医者の資格を持つことを意味する. \n> The title of \"Dr\" indicates that this person is qualified as a medical\n> doctor.\n\nNote: I have used \"indicates\" because I think titles are meant to directly\ncommunicate not \"imply\", which is closer to \"suggest without saying so\" but\neven if you do \"imply\" your are more likely to say 「ということを意味する」 or 「 …の意味を含む」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T08:54:44.757",
"id": "15386",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-11T15:51:27.780",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-11T15:51:27.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"parent_id": "15372",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I hope my possibly partial answer won't get me jumped, but I have found it\nincredibly helpful in many situations like yours to locate the term with the\nappropriate semantics on Wikipedia in a language I speak, which can often\ntimes disambiguate it better than a dictionary and provide examples for its\nuse within the article. It worked well for me in many cases where I was unsure\nwhich of the many translation for an English term to use.\n\nSo, if you want the more formal term of logical implication, or any very\nspecific concept, I navigate to the appropriate page in any of the other\nlanguages I speak (I speak five languages and some terms I only know in one of\nthem) and then simply choose the language in which I really want to understand\nthe term and its use, plus surrounding context.\n\nThe page <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_conditional> brought me to\nthe Japanese term 論理包含. That's the noun for the concept, though, as a regular\ndictionary can then verify for you, but you are a lot closer. You can then see\nthe various ways in which the concept is conveyed and look for which verbs are\nused to express the transitive relationship. Thus, further down the article\nyou will find:\n\n> P ⇒ Q（P implies Q、P は Q を包含する）\n\nThis way, you can disambiguate the term and find the precise concept in a\nlanguage you are more comfortable with first. If you just type \"implies\" in a\ndictionary then it will look up all other ways in which it is used, not just\nthe one semantic you are trying to describe. There are other, similar terms,\nsuch as \"indicative conditional\" and specifying the precise meaning you want\nto convey in such an exact manner goes beyond most dictionaries. I am still\nlearning Japanese, but because I am a PhD student I need a lot of technical\nterms like the one above for which a simple dictionary usually yields the\nwrong term or I do not know which one to use. I had just read the Japanese\narticle about Boolean logic so I just had to contribute this answer when I saw\nthis question about \"implication\".\n\nI think this might also be a helpful answer because you asked for an answer\nwithout kanji. The nice thing is that virtually all Japanese Wikipedia pages\nhave the kanji and its reading in hiragana in the first sentence with the\nterm, so this might be a good way to satisfy your request:\n\n> 論理包含（ろんりほうがん、含意（がんい）、内含、英: implication、IMP）は ...\n\nIf you are saying that something \"means\" or is equivalent with something then\nthe simple 意味【いみ】as the other replies have explained much better looks like a\nmore fitting choice. But if it's really important to be precise about it and\nsay something like an animal being a shiba implies that it is a dog (but not\nthe other way around, as would be a logical equivalence) then this might be of\ninterest to you and others looking for ways to express actual implication. I\nmight have misinterpreted your question, but it sounded a little like you were\nunsatisfied with the term \"A means B\" because you wanted to express something\nmore akin to formal implication of this sort, so I hope this does not confuse\nand adds a meaningful addition to the other answers.\n\nIf you are looking for something with more informal nuance of \"hint at\" it\nseems the verb \"ほのめかす\" conveys that. Then there is also 示唆【しさ】する which is more\nformal to the level of something that would be used to express implication in\nan article. In the concrete context you provide the former does not fit, but\nyou would probably use it in a context where you want to say that something is\nnot expressly stated but should be read as \"reading between the lines\". It\ndepends on what kind of \"implies\" you mean and although your example narrows\ndown which ones you mean, we all sometimes forget all the different contexts\nin which we use the same word in English but actually convey a subtly\ndifferent context.\n\nIf you want to draw more attention to something\n\"denoting/exemplifying/showing\" something else I think the verb 示【しめ】す can be\nused. This way you can express something like \"His title showed/implied his\nknowledge in the field.\" as opposed to simply \"means\" to convey that something\nhas an implication _beyond its immediate meaning/definition_ as you seemed to\ntry to do.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-11T14:55:14.510",
"id": "48307",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-11T15:20:10.940",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-11T15:20:10.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "22509",
"owner_user_id": "22509",
"parent_id": "15372",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15372 | null | 15373 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15375",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could anyone please help me translate this? I have only gotten a hang of basic\nsentences but this one I just cannot seem to understand.\n\n> 疑いはいらない。それだけが真実 \n> Utagai wa iranai. Sore dake ga shinjitsu.\n\nI am mainly confused about what function それだけ has in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T22:34:15.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15374",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T09:42:50.037",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-11T09:42:50.037",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "Confusion with それだけ in these lyrics",
"view_count": 144
} | [
{
"body": "In this example それだけ literally means \"that alone\" or \"only that\". So in the\nfirst part the person is stating that they don't want/care about suspicions,\nafter which they go on to say that that's all that matters.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T22:41:42.540",
"id": "15375",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-10T22:41:42.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15374",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15374 | 15375 | 15375 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am aware that some Japanese words can be written in either kana or kanji and\nthat the rules about it are not set in stone. This has already been discussed\nin some questions and answers here (e.g. [Usage of kanji for words usually\nwritten in kana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11746/usage-of-\nkanji-for-words-usually-written-in-kana)) but my question is more specific.\n\nMy question is about why sometimes the same word would appear once written in\nkanji and once written in kana very close to each other. For example, in\nHaruki Murakami's story I'm reading now (「かえるくん、東京を救う」), there's two different\nway of spelling of 何/なに and 僕/ぼく _within the same short paragraph_. This is a\ncontinuous utterance by the same one character in the story.\n\n> みみずくんがその暗い頭の中で **何** を考えているのか[...]\n>\n> [...]彼は **なに** も考えていないのだと **僕** は推測します。\n>\n> **ぼく** には説明のつけられないことです。\n\nWhy is it spelled differently like that? Does it have any meaning? Is it just\nstyle? The sentences with 「考えている」 are very similar to each other, yet 何/なに is\nspelled differently.\n\nThe same difference in spelling is not limited to those words or this\nparagraph. It happens throughout the story and affects different words.\n\n**UPDATE**\n\nI feel that the answers below, while helpful, didn't really provide the\nultimate answer to my question (or maybe such an answer just doesn't exist). I\nespecially feel that concentrating on ぼく written with kana to mean childish\nlanguage is not on the mark as the context of the story doesn't suggest that\n(I don't blame the helpful people who answered the question for that - they\ndon't know this context).\n\nI can also add an example from another story 「蜂蜜パイ」 from the same collection\nof short stories. Again two different ways of spelling are in the same\npassage, close to each other, spoken by the narrator this time.\n\n> [...]今度は左手を袖の中に **ひっこめた** 。 \n> それはすぐに袖の中に **引っ込められ** 、[...]",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T23:31:22.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15376",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-06T10:48:18.523",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kana",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Same word - written with kana and kanji in two places in the same paragraph. Why?",
"view_count": 1586
} | [
{
"body": "People normally use consistent way of writing. I would say it's his style to\nmix 僕 and ぼく. When you use ぼく instead of 僕, the meaning doesn't change;\nhowever, the impression it gives to the reader is slightly different. It gives\na somewhat childish, soft impression because hiragana is used. 「きみ」 sounds a\nbit more tender than 「君」 for the same reason. I guess you could say so for\nなに/何 also, but for words other than first person, second person, or third\nperson, I think there's not much difference in writing in kana and kanji.\n\nThis may not be relevant, but another situation where ぼく and 僕 are\ndistinguished is when talking to a little boy. 「ぼく」, 「わたし」 are sometimes used\nas \"you\" when talking to a child.\n\n> ぼく、迷子？\n\nis asking \"Are you lost, boy?\" but you wouldn't (at least I wouldn't) use\n\n> 僕、迷子？\n\nsince 僕 has a more mature impression than ぼく.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-25T05:12:52.000",
"id": "15579",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-25T05:12:52.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5212",
"parent_id": "15376",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I can think of two reasons. As stated by @NigoroJr, when children's language\nis being used, it is usually spelled with kana. For instance, in よつばと,\neverything the adults say is written in kanji, but everything Yotsuba (a four\nyear old girl) says is written in kana (and bolded ones at that).\n\nThe other thing is that, in certain grammatical forms, words are written with\nkana instead of Kanji. One I see a lot is 欲しい. When being used as an\nadjective, it's written with Kanji, but when you're using it in the 〜てほしい\nform, people usually write it with kana. My experience has been, if a word is\nstand-alone, it's written with Kanji, but when it's part of an expression or a\ngrammatical function, it's written in kana to distinguish it/make it easier to\nwrite.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-25T22:25:03.997",
"id": "15593",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-25T22:25:03.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5213",
"parent_id": "15376",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15376 | null | 15579 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15379",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been trying to find out the difference between these four lately but\nwhenever I look up any of them in a Japanese Dictionary, the only thing on the\npage is the other three options with no explanation.\n\nIs there any way to separate them by nuance? Also, for example, if I was to\nsay: オレンジジュースが欲しいですか。それとも、コーヒーが欲しいですか\n\n...why does it sounds like it is all inclusive? The combination of the\nparticles \"と\" and \"も\" kind of makes it sound like you can have both at the\nsame time. Sort of like 両親とも教師です。\n\nOr is it saying \"Both at the same time are an option\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-10T23:42:56.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15377",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T05:35:22.970",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-11T10:13:01.247",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3754",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Differences between それとも ・または・もしくは・あるいは",
"view_count": 7695
} | [
{
"body": "Conveniently, the 類語例解辞典 groups three of these together in one heading and\nadds the other in a note at the end. Here's what its 使い分け section has to say\non the matter:\n\n> 「 **または** 」は、二つのもののうちの一方を捨てて一方だけをとる場合や、どちらでもよいという許容を表わす場合に用いる。\n\n**または** is used for cases where there are two choices and whatever is not\nselected will be cast aside, or to show that either choice is acceptable. In\nthese cases, the person making the selection has freedom to make either\ndecision.\n\n> 「 **もしくは** 」は、複数のうち、そのいずれかを選ぶ場合に限って使われる。\n\n**もしくは** is used in cases where there are several choices, and the options are\nlimited to those presented.\n\n> 「 **あるいは** 」は、二者択一か両方同時に成り立つ場合に用いられるが、どちらでもよいという許容の場合はあまり用いられない。\n\n**あるいは** is used when choosing between two things and it is possible to choose\nboth of them at the same time. That said, it carries the expectation that\nthere is, in fact, a correct choice to be made or that the chooser doesn't\nreally have freedom to decide between them.\n\n> いずれの語も文章語的で、日常会話では接続助詞「 **か** 」が、広く用いられる。\n\nAll of the above are primarily literary words, and are usually replaced by\n**か** in everyday conversation.\n\n> **それとも** (接続)話し言葉的。疑問の内容に限って用いられる。\n\n**それとも** is used in spoken language. Its use is limited to choosing from what\nis contained in the question, as can be seen in the following example\nsentence:\n\n> 「行く、それとも行かない？」 \"Are you going, _or aren't you_?\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T00:42:14.390",
"id": "15379",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-13T05:35:22.970",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-13T05:35:22.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15377",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
}
] | 15377 | 15379 | 15379 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Good Day!\n\nI am currently translating a Japanese document and I encountered a problem.\n\nI can't find a way to parse 従がって強制 in this sentence: この文書はChartis SDLCによるHigh\nLevel Designフェイズに従がって強制されている。\n\nI currently have: This document ___ _ in the High Level Design Phase according\nto Chartis SDLC.\n\nThanks. :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T03:53:26.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15382",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T06:03:44.553",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-11T05:27:05.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5077",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How should I parse に従がって強制?",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "Well, put literally it means \"in obedience to coercion\". In context, it would\nappear to be something along the lines of \"In accordance with...\" or \"In\ncompliance with...\", followed by an organization or a set of standards.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T04:05:18.953",
"id": "15384",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T04:05:18.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "This sentence translates as \"The document is (made (to be)) mandatory\nfollowing/in compliance with/as required by High Level Design Phase by Chartis\nSDLC.\"\n\nHowever, to answer your actual question, you would parse it as `～に従って` + `強制`.\nThe pattern `Noun + に従って` means \"following/complying with ～\" (It can has a\nsemi-overlapping meaning to indicate a [dependent process of\nchange](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2528/78)). So in this case, the\nwhole sentence parses thus:\n\n> この文書は [ (Chartis SDLCによるHigh Level Designフェイズ) に従がって] 強制されている",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T05:42:09.997",
"id": "15385",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T06:03:44.553",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "15382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15382 | null | 15385 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15399",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "On the surface, many Japanese-English dictionaries define both する and やる as\n\"to do\", with little extra context. Offhand, I know the following:\n\n * やる and する are not interchangeable when it comes to する verbs (e.g. `× 死亡やる`)\n * やる also has a number of additional senses along the lines of \"to give\", especially where the recipient is an inferior\n\nSetting aside the second point for now, what's the 使い分け for the two words in\nthe context of \"to do\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T04:02:20.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15383",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-08T16:19:10.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 21,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Differences in usage between する and やる",
"view_count": 10537
} | [
{
"body": "It is difficult to distinguish the usage of them clearly.\n\nBut I think, generally, やる is informal, する is not informal (but not formal).\n\nOf course it depends on the context, verb, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-12T06:41:32.203",
"id": "15393",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-12T06:41:32.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5139",
"parent_id": "15383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "Only やる is acceptable in some common phrases:\n\n> * **やっ** た！I did it! ×した！ \n>\n> * **やら** れた！You got me! ×された！ \n>\n> * **やれ** 、 **やれ** ！Go for it! ×しろ、しろ！ \n>\n> * **やら** れたら **やり** 返せ。Eye for an eye. ×されたらし返せ。 \n>\n> * **やっ** てくる come along ×してくる \n>\n> * **やっ** ていく get along, make a living ×していく \n>\n> * **やっ** ちまえ！Get him! ×しちまえ！\n>\n\nやる is used/preferred for:\n\n> * 何時まで **やっ** てますか？(≒営業する open; on business) ×何時までしてますか？ \n>\n> * 演奏会でピアノを **やる** (≒演奏する perform) ×演奏会でピアノをする\n> * 映画館でハリポタ **やっ** てる。(≒上映する is showing) △映画館でハリポタしてる。 \n>\n> * 今(テレビで)何か **やっ** てる？(≒放送する broadcast) △今(テレビで)何かしてる？\n> * 小学生から書道を **やっ** ています。(≒習う learn) △書道をしています。 \n>\n> * [神社]{じんじゃ}で[陶器市]{とうきいち}を **やっ** ている。(≒[開催]{かいさい}する hold) △陶器市をしている。 \n>\n> * [薬]{くすり・ヤク}/[麻薬]{まやく}/酒タバコを **やる** (on drugs, smoke and drink)\n> ×薬/酒タバコをする \n>\n> * 俺は **やっ** てない！(≒殺す、犯罪を犯す murder/crime) △俺はしてない！ \n>\n> * 携帯どこに **やっ** たっけ？Where did I put my phone? (≒置く) ×どこにしたっけ？ \n>\n> * **やる** [気]{き} motivation ◎ **やる** 気あんのか!? ×する気あんのか!?\n>\n\n* * *\n\nする is used in common phrases such as:\n\n> * (colloquial)塩コショウを **する** 。(≒かける sprinkle) ×塩コショウをやる。but ×砂糖をする/やる \n>\n> * どう **し** てですか？(≒なぜ why) ×どうやってですか？\n> * **し** かた/ **し** ょうがない。どう **し** ようもない。(It can't be helped)\n> ×やりかたがない。△やりようがない。×どうやりようもない。 \n>\n> * どう **し** たの？(What's wrong?) ×どうやったの？ \n>\n> * どう **し** よう！(What should I do?) ×どうやろう？ \n>\n>\n\nYou use する to say\n\n> * あくびを **する** (yawn) くしゃみを **する** (sneeze) うがいを **する** (gargle) etc.\n> ×あくび/くしゃみ/うがいをやる \n>\n> * 頭痛/[吐]{は}き[気]{け}/目まい/[匂]{にお}いが **する** (≒感じる feel, sense) ×頭痛/吐き気/匂いがやる \n>\n> * ネクタイ/ネックレス/[眼鏡]{めがね}etcを **する** (≒(アクセサリーなどを)[着]{つ}ける wear)\n> ×ネクタイ/ネックレス/眼鏡をやる but ×帽子をする/やる \n>\n> * price+ **する** (≒かかる cost) ◎10万円も **し** た。×10万円もやった。 \n>\n> * noun+に **する** (≒選ぶ choose) ◎これに **し** ます。×これにやります。 \n>\n> * verb+ことに **する** (≒決める decide) ◎行くことに **し** ます。×行くことにやります。 \n>\n> * verb+ように **する** (be sure to) ◎遅れないように **し** てください。 \n>\n> * ご飯に **し** ましょう。(≒始める start) ×ご飯にやりましょう。 \n>\n> * お開きに **する** , 終りに **する** (≒終わらせる call it a night, to end) ×お開きにやる, 終りにやる \n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, both する and やる are used in:\n\n> * **し** て **やっ** たり！/（まんまと） **し** て **やら** れた！to fool, deceive\n> ×してやる。×してやった。×してやろう。\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T09:45:50.447",
"id": "15399",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-08T16:19:10.327",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-08T16:19:10.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 23
},
{
"body": "The followings are some basic rules, although these are far from complete (a\ncomplete answer would be [very\nlong](http://libir.soka.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10911/4040/1/nn24-y041.pdf)).\n\n○ indicates correct and × indicates incorrect.\n\n * やる is \"to do\" but you can use it only for _physical_ activities you do _voluntarily_ with a certain amount of time and effort.\n\n> * ○ テニスをする ○ テニスをやる\n> * ○ 想像をする × 想像をやる (想像 is not a physical action)\n> * ○ あくびをする × あくびをやる (あくび is not something you do voluntarily)\n> * ○ ジャンプをする × ジャンプをやる (ジャンプ is a very short action)\n\n * But there are many nouns which you cannot use やる with.\n\n> * ○ 電話をする × 電話をやる\n> * ○ 旅行をする × 旅行をやる\n> * ○ 約束をする × 約束をやる\n\n * やる cannot directly follow a noun.\n\n> * ○ 勉強する ○ 勉強をする × 勉強やる ○ 勉強をやる\n> * ○ 仕事する ○ 仕事をする × 仕事やる ○ 仕事をやる\n\nAs for the difference between ～する and ～をする, see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3395/5010). (In reality, を\nbefore やる is sometimes omitted in a hasty conversation. Beginners should not\ndo this.)\n\n * When ～をする and ～をやる are interchangeable, ～をやる tends to sound colloquial and a bit masculine.\n\n * Both やる and する have lots of idiomatic usages, as shown in the other answers. For example, only する can mean \"wear\" (e.g. 時計をする, ベルトをする), whereas やる has several argot-like, slangy usages (\"to kill\", \"to have sex\", \"to smoke\", etc).\n\nSo I would say する is the safer choice when you are unsure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-08T09:12:57.683",
"id": "43304",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-08T09:19:55.277",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "15383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] | 15383 | 15399 | 15399 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15388",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit confused about ～としたら and its exact usage. What is the difference\nbetween this and other structures expressing \"if\" (～なら, たら-form, etc.)?\n\nFor example, let's take a sentence from one of my textbooks. If I used ～なら,\ndoes it have the same meaning?\n\n> その話が本当だとしたら、うれしいです。\n>\n> その話が本当なら、うれしいです。\n\nAnother example: do those two sentences express the same?\n\n> ここでライオンに出会ったとしたらどうしますか。\n>\n> ここでライオンに出会ったらどうしますか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T11:39:00.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15387",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T13:24:38.773",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "～としたら - when exactly used and what's the difference from other \"if\" structures",
"view_count": 1314
} | [
{
"body": "It is mostly about the degree of likelyhood implied regarding the content of\nthe subordinate clause.\n\n「としたら」 would generally express a lower degree of likelihood in the eyes of the\nspeaker than 「たら」 or 「なら」 would. The difference, however, is often fairly\nsubtle in actual usage for many speakers.\n\nYou could always lower the degree of likelyhood in question by adding 「もし」 to\nany one of the aforementioned expressions.\n\nThus, your first pair of sentences have nearly the same meaning. As I have\nexplained, the speaker of the first sentence would be feeling that what he has\nheard is less likely to be true than the speaker of the second sentence would\nbe feeling.\n\nThe same can be said about your second pair of sentences. You would say the\nfirst sentence in a place where one would be less likely to encounter a lion\nthan you would say the second.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-11T13:24:38.773",
"id": "15388",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-11T13:24:38.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] | 15387 | 15388 | 15388 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How are Japanese company division, section or department names usually\ntranslated to English e.g. 「システム開発1部ソリューション１課」? Does it translate it to System\nDevelopment Department 1 Solution Section 1?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-12T04:20:34.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15392",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-07T06:59:39.970",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-07T06:59:39.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "5138",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "How are Japanese company division, section or department names translated?",
"view_count": 2685
} | [
{
"body": "It really depends on the company but I work for a department similar to one\nyou described (minus the numbers) and it is translated quite similarly to what\nyou have said.\n\nSome discrepancies would be things like whether the department is written as a\nKanji-base or a Katakana-base.\n\n> 金融部 > Finance Department ファイナンス部 > Finance Department\n\nAlso note that some companies do not use 課 but instead implement team names or\nproject names / acronyms instead.\n\n> 金融部 MZHチーム > Finance Department MZH Team\n>\n> サービスソリューション部、 システム開発「さくら」 Service Solutions Department, System Development\n> Team - Sakura",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-10T00:29:59.057",
"id": "21707",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-10T00:29:59.057",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9241",
"parent_id": "15392",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Division, Department and Section are usually translated as 事業本部 / 事業部、部 and 課\nrespectively. But the names of organizational units differ from company to\ncompany. For example, in mass-media (TV and press) and advertising agencies\nwhere I had worked, Division, Department and Section were respectly called\n局、部、課. Goverment organizations also use 局、部、課.\n\n金融部 will be Finance Department, but I don't think the use of the word, 'team'\nas a nomencrature of the organizational unit is so popular. You have a\ntaskforce team, or new business / product / design development team as a sub-\nunit in a department or section, but we don't see the title of the manager /\nchief of XX Team of its own instead of 部 and 課 so often.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T00:11:12.547",
"id": "30217",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T00:26:27.900",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-04T00:26:27.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "15392",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15392 | null | 30217 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15396",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みたい as in _like_ (someone)\n\nIf I want to say \"I like people _like_ that woman\", is it enough to simply\nsay: 女性みたいな人が好きです。 Or do I have to specify the \"that\" part by putting it like\nthis: あの女性みたいな人が好きです。\n\nAlso, is it allowed to use を instead of が here if it ended with a verb? (好き is\nan adjective if I remember right)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-12T23:58:31.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15395",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-13T02:48:12.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Clarification needed - みたい (みたいな)",
"view_count": 264
} | [
{
"body": "I would say 「あの女の人みたいな人が好きです」 is probably better if you're want to talk about\n_that_ woman. Otherwise it may not be clear who/what exactly you're talking\nabout. with may depend on the context though. Also, notice that I replaced 女性\nwith 女の人. みたい is more casual expression (than のよう) and more everyday\nexpression 女の人 seems more suitable and in line with the level of speech.\n\nYou cannot use を in this sentence. 女の人 is the subject of the sentence, not an\nobject. 好き is an adjective, not a transitive verb.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T00:33:47.907",
"id": "15396",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-13T02:48:12.370",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-13T02:48:12.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15395 | 15396 | 15396 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have just started learning Japanese, so if it's possible, please explain\nfully and clearly with the knowledge that I am a complete beginner in regards\nto Japanese grammar and vocabulary.\n\nAt this point, all I know is the hiragana, katakana, and various kanji (I know\nMandarin). However, Japanese grammar is so different compared to English and\nMandarin.\n\nI would greatly appreciate an explanation of the Japanese text:\n\n> それで？ いつになれば俺のお嫁さんになってくれる？\n\nThis was a dialogue in a game (I believe), however I don't know the overall\ncontext of this text. The text was a bit blurry, so _I'm not sure_ if it was ば\nor ぱ* **it is** ば.\n\nPlease correct my attempt at translation. To my understanding, in English it\nis something like:\n\n> And so? When to become my bride... do for me/let me have?\n\n（And the \"I\" is a male?） I believe he is talking to a female.\n\nIs it about a man asking a woman to be his bride? Or something similar? I'm\nvery confused.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T01:11:44.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15397",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T10:06:29.937",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-13T15:36:39.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "5143",
"owner_user_id": "5143",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Please help me understand these sentences: それで？ いつになれば俺のお嫁さんになってくれる？",
"view_count": 345
} | [
{
"body": "[それで](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7) --\nThen,/So,/And,... \nいつになれば -->\n[いつになったら](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89)\n-- When, How long do I have to wait till... \n俺のお嫁さん -- my bride \nに -- case particle \nなってくれる？ -- verb なる(become) + conjunctive particle て + subsidiary verb\n[くれる](http://www.renshuu.org/index.php?page=grammar/individual&id=66)(will you\ndo me the favor of...?)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T10:06:29.937",
"id": "15423",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T10:06:29.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15397",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15397 | null | 15423 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15405",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I do know that there are many questions like that all over the web and some on\njapanese.stackexchange as well. Nevertheless, as far as I can remember I could\nnot find any that explained how to choose the right kanji when there are\nmultiple choices (I mean: 飛ぶ \"fly\" vs. 跳ぶ \"leap\"; 分かる (the generic one) vs. 判る\n\"distinguish\" vs. 解る \"understand\", and countless others like 暖かい・温かい, 下ろす・降ろす,\netc.).\n\nThe only place where I have found some explanation is in the MS IME for\nJapanese. But it is not very convenient because I am not always on Windows and\nwhen I do handwriting I do not have that aid.\n\nSo I am asking whether you know a book, a paper or whatever else that will\ndescribe the differences between those words.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T09:41:24.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15398",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-09T20:19:02.270",
"last_edit_date": "2014-06-25T03:55:04.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "How to choose the right kanji from several choices?",
"view_count": 655
} | [
{
"body": "Here is a publication put out by the 文化審議会, which is a part of 文部科学省 in the\nJapanese government.\n\n<http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/bunkasingi/pdf/ijidoukun_140221.pdf>\n\nAt a glance it has a lot of good stuff but as @snailboat mentions it is\nlimited to the kanji and readings shown on the\n[常用漢字表](http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/pdf/jouyoukanjihyou_h22.pdf), so\nyou won't find things like 判る and 解る. For joyo kanji, though, this should be\nthe government standard.\n\nThe term for this is 異字同訓{いじどうくん} (Different kanji, same reading) so you can\nsearch other places based on that and get plenty of help.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T00:36:33.560",
"id": "15405",
"last_activity_date": "2014-06-25T06:20:39.417",
"last_edit_date": "2014-06-25T06:20:39.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "1797",
"owner_user_id": "1797",
"parent_id": "15398",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "There's [辞書{じしょ}](https://www.jisho.org) (jisho). It's not always good about\nclearly identifying exactly what the difference is, but it usually gives you\nseveral examples that will at least give you an idea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-09T20:19:02.270",
"id": "81033",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-09T20:19:02.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36609",
"parent_id": "15398",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15398 | 15405 | 15405 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15404",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've noticed that there are 2 ways (at least, maybe more) of writing ふるさと\n(home town, birthplace):\n\n * 古里\n\n * 故郷\n\nAm I correct? Are they interchangeable? Is one used more often than another?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T11:44:55.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15400",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T09:54:20.490",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-15T09:54:20.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"spelling"
],
"title": "ふるさと (home town, birthplace) uses which kanji - 古里 or 故郷?",
"view_count": 5922
} | [
{
"body": "I am going to say that this is more a matter of personal preference than\nanything.\n\nI hate to disappoint the (many) kanji-lovers on here but 「ふるさと」 in kana would\nbe the most-often used way to write the word. 「故郷」 may be used just as often\nbut it is read 「こきょう」 instead at least half the time.\n\n「古里」 looks pretty corny and you will not see it as often as you will the two\nabove these days. If you are from a big or even a mid-size city like I am,\nthis word would look and feel \"off\" in referring to your hometown.\n\nThe latest \"official\" term containing the word in question is\n「ふるさと[納税]{のうぜい}」. This new system allows you to make a donation to any\nprefecture, city, town, village, etc. of your choice and do so tax-deductibly.\n\n<http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%B5%E3%82%8B%E3%81%95%E3%81%A8%E7%B4%8D%E7%A8%8E>\n\nIn case anyone is mistaken, I want to add that 「ふるさと」, however it is written,\nis NOT the word native speakers usually use in sentences like \"Where is your\nhometown?\" or \"My hometown is ~~~.\" We use 「[出身]{しゅっしん}」、「いなか」 and 「[生]{う}まれ」\nfor that.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T21:06:29.143",
"id": "15404",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-14T02:32:46.243",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-14T02:32:46.243",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Just to confuse things, there is a compilation series released by Columbia\nRecords Japan that seem to use all 3 spellings (I assume deliberately).\nAlthough the original album used the spelling 故郷 so read into that what you\nwill. I have mainly come across it as ふるさと personally.\n\n\n\n\n\n!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T00:46:45.243",
"id": "15406",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-14T00:46:45.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1480",
"parent_id": "15400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15400 | 15404 | 15404 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15402",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "may be I mistaken in romaji\n\nhere what I mean\n\n<http://youtu.be/bS-oT9nONxw>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T15:30:47.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15401",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-13T15:58:02.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5146",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "What does \"ma i te na\" mean in japanese?",
"view_count": 2558
} | [
{
"body": "参ったなぁ \nMaitta naa\n\nIt's generally an exclamation of negative emotion/giving up. Take a look at\nthe [example sentences\nhere](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%8F%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F&ref=sa) to get\na better idea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-13T15:58:02.107",
"id": "15402",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-13T15:58:02.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "15401",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 15401 | 15402 | 15402 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15411",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「I will just let future me deal with it」は日本語で何と言いますか。\n\nIt's a part of my sakubun I'm currently writing and I just don't know how to\nsay this sentence in Japanese? I'm thinking maybe:\n\n> 未来の私それを対応するだろう。\n\nbut not so sure.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T04:38:01.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15408",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-14T09:17:47.530",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-14T05:24:21.683",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5149",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"I will just let future me deal with it\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 898
} | [
{
"body": "What is it that you want to let a future you deal with? I ask mostly because\n「[対応]{たいおう}」 is a fairly big word and it may be too big a word to go with\nwhatever you are talking about if it is not very serious.\n\nAs always, the most natural phrases will not look anything like the English\noriginal.\n\n> 「（そうなったらなったで、）その[時]{とき}に[自分]{じぶん}で[考]{かんが}えます（or 対応します）。」 or\n>\n> 「それはその時に自分で考えたいと思います（or 対応したいと[思]{おも}います）。」\n\nUsing 「考える」 would be far more natural than using 「対応する」 in the sentences\nabove.\n\nIf you want your Japanese to \"look\" more like your English for some reason,\nyou could say:\n\n> 「それは[未来]{みらい}の[自分]{じぶん}に[判断]{はんだん}（or [解決]{かいけつ}）させたいと思います。」 自分 ＞ 私\n> ←Important\n\nFinally, you could use what Kaji suggested above and say:\n\n> 「それは未来の自分の判断に[任]{まか}せたいと思います。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T09:17:47.530",
"id": "15411",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-14T09:17:47.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15408",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15408 | 15411 | 15411 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There's already [a question that discusses にかんして vs\nについて](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/934/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6)\nbut I found more terms that are more or less the same to me. All phrases seem\nto be some kind of topic marker that can be roughly translated to\n`\"regarding\"` or oftentimes `\"in\"` but I couldn't find a dictionary that\ndiscusses nuance or usage.\n\nSample sentences from Tatoeba/EDICT:\n\n## に関して\n\n> * 心理学に関しては、彼は専門家だ。\n>\n> _In the matter of psychology, he is an expert._\n>\n>\n\n> * 私たちはこの問題に関して合意に達することが出来るだろうか。\n>\n> _Can we reach a consensus on this issue?_\n>\n>\n\n## に対して\n\n> * 彼は私の質問に対してうなずいた。\n>\n> _He nodded in response to my question._\n>\n>\n\n> * 彼はまだあなたの行為に対して腹を立てている。\n>\n> _He is still angry with you for your conduct._\n>\n>\n\n## において\n\n> * 復讐において、恋愛において、女は男よりも野蛮である。\n>\n> _In revenge and in love, woman is more barbarous than man is._\n>\n>\n\n> * 教育において試験が大きな役割を果たしている。\n>\n> _Examinations play a large part in education._\n>\n>\n\n## について\n\n> * 法廷は彼のその殺人容疑について無罪とした。\n>\n> _The court acquitted him of the charge of murder._\n>\n>\n\n> * 過去の動作については過去形を用います。\n>\n> _\"Past tense\" is used in connection with actions in the past._\n>\n>\n\n## における\n\n> * 中東における現在の情勢は、緊迫した政情不安となっている。\n>\n> _The current situation in the Middle East is a time bomb of tensions._\n>\n>\n\n> * 彼の発見は輸送における革命をもたらした。\n>\n> *His discovery gave rise to a revolution in transport. *\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\nRelated:\n\n * [にかんして vs について](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/934/difference-between-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6)\n * [において vs における](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19291/4183)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T10:04:38.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15412",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-23T05:08:54.160",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 17,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Are these phrases interchangeable? に関して, に対して, において, について, における",
"view_count": 4742
} | [
{
"body": "における is the attributive form (連体形) of において. Both mean roughly \"in\". Note that\nin the における examples the expression relates to the nouns 情勢 and 革命. In the\nにおいて examples, the expression relates to the finite predicates （野蛮で）ある and\n果たしている. The expressions に関して and に対して also have attributive forms: に関する and\nに対する. The former means \"in relation to\", and it is neutral. に対して・に対する can\nexpress an orientation (your first example), or imply a negative attitude\n\"towards\" someone or something (your second example). With に関して・に関する no such\nemotion is implied. Finally, について is different from the rest because its\nattributive form is についての as in\n\n彼の行動についての質問 \nthe question(s) about his behavior\n\nについて means 'about' as in\n\n何について話そうか？ \nWhat should we talk about?\n\nについて is thus on par with として 'as', which also has the attributive form with の.\nについて and として have grammaticalized to a higher degree than the other forms\nhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-05-17T00:44:53.153",
"id": "15989",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-19T06:07:06.990",
"last_edit_date": "2014-05-19T06:07:06.990",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5362",
"parent_id": "15412",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Not exactly interchangeable, though similar. Since I lack a formal linguistics\nbackground to offer a more grammatical/technical response, I'd like to attempt\na layman's explanation:\n\n * **に関して \"relating to\"** \nThe character 関 indicates that the topics have a connection/relationship, that\nthey are tied/locked to one another. Can refer to 1 or a collection of topics\nrelated to the subject.\n\n * **に対して \"in response to\"** \nThe use of 対 (as in 反対 (opposite)、対策 (counter-measure)) implies a 1:1, more\ndirect (oppositional) response; that you're referring to the other side of the\nsame coin.\n\n * **について \"regarding\"** \nThe concepts of \"connections\" and relationship are still there, but perhaps\nthe situation is in flux. The kanji 就 in Chinese can mean \"moving towards\" a\ntopic, so there's a sense of fluidity, transition, or motion in the\nconversation.\n\n * **において \"in/at/by\"** \nTends to refer to specific locations, times, participants or state of being.\nThe kanji 於 is a preposition in Chinese indicating these same topics. Can be\nused for abstract concepts like being \"in love\" but that's still a state of\nbeing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-06-19T19:40:38.897",
"id": "17512",
"last_activity_date": "2014-06-19T20:05:17.297",
"last_edit_date": "2014-06-19T20:05:17.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "6621",
"parent_id": "15412",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] | 15412 | null | 17512 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15548",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Wasei-eigo and most Gairaigo (especially in a text or sentence as opposed to\nbeing by itself) is usually written in Katakana (イメージ, ジュース, スマート,パンツ,アベック).\nHowever, there are times that have seen some in their original Romaji form\n(image, juice, smart, pants, avec) even in a Japanese sentence, ex.\n彼女のpantsです; juiceが好き; ジョーンはsmartですよ; 数々のavecを見た; etc.\n\nIs this common or incorrect? What does it mean if you do this as opposed to\nusing Katakana?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T17:29:16.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15415",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-15T21:45:22.320",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-15T21:45:22.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "3136",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"orthography",
"rōmaji",
"wasei-eigo",
"copywriting"
],
"title": "What does it mean to write wasei-eigo and gairaigo in Romaji?",
"view_count": 364
} | [
{
"body": "I haven't seen a lot of those cases in daily life. I feel like people use\nEnglish in sentences when they want to add some \"fanciness\" (for some reason\npeople seem to think it's cool to use English). Like you said in the comments,\nthe only places I can think of where English words are used in Japanese\nsentences are titles in magazines and TV ads.\n\nAlthough it's definitely not formal, I wouldn't say it's incorrect. It doesn't\nhave any special meaning to it as far as I know, other than that intention of\nmaking the sentence a bit more \"fancier.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-23T20:20:43.530",
"id": "15548",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-23T20:20:43.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5212",
"parent_id": "15415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15415 | 15548 | 15548 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "[上代特殊仮名遣い【じょうだいとくしゅかなづかい】](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Ddai_Tokushu_Kanazukai)\nis a Nara-period practice in which two distinct versions of certain syllables\n(called 甲類【こうるい】 and 乙類【おつるい】, and denoted by subscript 1 and 2 in Latin\nscript) were consistently denoted using different manyogana. For example, the\nword we now write as 上【かみ】 is /kami1/, which could be rendered with the second\nsyllable as 美, while 神【かみ】 is /kami2/, which could be rendered with the second\nsyllable as 尾.\n\nThe Wikipedia article states that \"the phonetic difference [between the two\ntypes] is unclear\", so it looks like this isn't a solved problem. Even so, I\nwould like to know what we do know about the phonetic differences between the\n甲類 and 乙類 syllables (if we know anything at all).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-14T22:44:29.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15417",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-14T22:44:29.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"history",
"linguistics"
],
"title": "What do we know about the phonetic distinctions between the 甲類 and 乙類 syllables in 上代特殊仮名遣い?",
"view_count": 135
} | [] | 15417 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15435",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I thought I might add a word to my Japanese vocabulary that means as close to\n\"to wander\" as possible in English.\n\nIn the English Wiktionary three Japanese words are mentioned but only one has\nan entry:\n\n * 彷徨う / さ迷う - both read as さまよう\n * ぶらつく\n * うろつく\n\nAre there some subtle differences between these words? Is one better as a\ngeneral translation of the English word? If there are multiple senses or\nconnotations I'm most interested in one with positive associations of\nexploring aimlessly without a plan, mostly on foot.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T07:55:44.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15420",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T14:56:11.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"verbs",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "さまよう vs ぶらつく vs うろつく for the sense of \"to wander\"?",
"view_count": 2250
} | [
{
"body": "The main differences are in the formality/informality of these words, not\nreally in their meanings. They all mean \"to roam about (aimlessly)\" and I will\nmention the small difference in nuance later on.\n\n「ぶらつく」 and 「うろつく」 are more informal than 「さまよう」. The existence of the\nonomatopoeias 「ぶらぶら」 and 「うろうろ」 should tell you something about the\ncolloquiality of the two verbs. Casually, you can say:\n\n> 「[今日]{きょう}は[新宿]{しんじゅく}をブラブラした。」= \"I wandered around Shinjuku today.\"\n>\n> 「TNはいつも[女子寮]{じょしりょう}のまわりをウロウロしているらしい。」 = \"They say that TN is always hanging\n> around the girls' dormitory.\"\n\nYou could replace the 「Onomatopoeia + する」 forms in the above sentences with\n「ぶらつく」 and 「うろつく」, but you would sound VERY weird if you used 「さまよう」 because\nit sounds too poetic and/or self-important. In prose or poetry, 「さまよう」 is an\nexcellent word to use but not in an everyday kind of conversation.\n\nFinally, I will talk about the nuances. 「さまよう」 is usually used when wandering\naround a larger place like a city or even a country. You cannot さまよう around a\nhouse except in a poem or something.\n\n「うろつく」, on the contrary, can only be used when hanging around a limited area\nlike a block or even inside a house.\n\n「ぶらつく」 sort of comes in the middle. You can ぶらつく around your neighborhood or\neven a city, but not around a house or a country.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T14:56:11.950",
"id": "15435",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T14:56:11.950",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15420",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15420 | 15435 | 15435 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm working with a translation program, trying to translate the following\nsentence correctly:\n\nThe attacker may use a cross-site scripting attack to do this.\n\nThe program gives me:\n\n攻撃 者 は 、 クロス サイト スクリプティング 攻撃 を 使用 し て 行 う こと が でき る 。\n\nI don't see the direct object 'this' from the source sentence translated. If\nthis translated sentence followed a sentence mentioning the nature of 'this'\n(as would normally be the case), would the sentence seem natural (i.e. implied\ndirect object referring to previous sentence)? Or does it seem like something\nis missing?\n\nI hope I made myself clear, it's kind of hard to explain what I mean...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T09:26:57.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15421",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T10:02:13.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is the direct object implied in this translation? Or does it seem unnatural?",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "That would depend on the content of the preceding sentence(s). If it explained\nexactly what it is that the attacker is doing/wants to do, that Japanese\nsentence would be \"passable\".\n\nHowever, even if it were explained in the preceding sentence(s), it would\nstill be a good idea to insert a 「それを」 in front of the 「行う」. In fact, the\nbetter writers would do so regardless.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T10:02:13.407",
"id": "15422",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T10:02:13.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15421 | null | 15422 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was reading a guide to 刑事ドラマ and 時代劇場. Most of the definitions follow the\nformat:\n\n> 真犯人：本当の犯人。 盗人・盗賊：他人の物を盗む人。\n\nHowever for one or two words such as 「罪人」 it says:\n\n> 罪人：犯罪者**のこと**。例：友人のことを罪人扱いするなんてひどい！\n\nMy 大辞泉 dictionary tells me 罪人＝罪を犯した人。つみびと。- ie a person not a \"こと”\n\nWhat is the nuance of こと here? Why does it not just say:\n\n> 罪人：犯罪者 [例：友人のことを罪人扱いするなんてひどい！]",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T10:09:10.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15424",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-06T06:06:43.110",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-15T13:22:01.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "1556",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "Why 罪人＝犯罪者のこと、not just 犯罪者？",
"view_count": 304
} | [
{
"body": "In the 大辞泉 context, the distinction of a person from \"こと\" seems like\nseparating the criminal person from the guilt. Here, \"こと\" represents an\nabstract concept of guilt or the fact of the crime.\n\nIn the 「友人のこと」 context, the noun \"こと\" is used in a quite different way as just\na cushion. The combination 「X のことを Y 扱いする」 is common, but it has almost the\nsame meaning as 「X を Y 扱いする」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T13:12:43.197",
"id": "15433",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T13:12:43.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "208",
"parent_id": "15424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think there is little difference between 犯罪者のこと and 犯罪者. I think user54609's\nexplanation is nice.\n\n`罪人：犯罪者のこと` basically means `罪人は犯罪者のことだ`, `罪人は犯罪者のことを指す` or `犯罪者のことを罪人という`.\nYou explain `罪人` by rephrasing it saying `犯罪者`. `つまり～のこと` is a very frequent\nexpression used to rephrase what just has been said.\n\n`AはBのことだ` basically means `A means B` or `A refers to B`. You can't expect `A`\nis a kind of `こと` because some nouns work like verbs by connecting two phrases\nin some way. e.g. `AはBの予定だ`, `AはBの意味だ`, `AはBの感じだ`, etc. When you put them into\nEnglish, they become `A plans B`, `A means B`, `A seems B`, etc. And `AはBのことだ`\nis similar to them. It not `A is a koto of B`, but `A kotos B`. i.e. `A refers\nto B`\n\nこと might originally mean something like 言うこと/ことば or 考えること. It has become an\nabstract marker for objects related to mental activities. e.g. 友人のことをどう思う,\n友人のことをどう扱う, 友人のことをどう考える, 友人のことをどう呼ぶ etc.\n\nI think のこと should be redundant because the verb is already a mental activity\nand require a mental object. But it's just required for some verbs and can be\nomitted for some else verbs, just like のところ is required for some verbs, even\nif the verb obviously requires a locative object.\n\n(人)のことを言う and 話す are more likely to be used with ～のこと, but in ～のことが好き and\n～のことを指す, こと can be omitted. I don't think they make big difference.\n\n* * *\n\nMaybe it's off-topic, but I think I sometimes saw こと used for non-mental-\naction verbs. e.g.\n\n```\n\n 俺のことを殴れ\n \n```\n\nI don't know what the nuance is, when and how it is used. But I guess it might\nbe similar to 扱う.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-05-05T18:28:55.037",
"id": "15766",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-06T06:06:43.110",
"last_edit_date": "2014-05-06T06:06:43.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "4833",
"owner_user_id": "4833",
"parent_id": "15424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I think the thing lies in the clearer use-mention distinction Japanese has.\nThe letters 「罪人」 are not by themselves a 犯罪者, but it _refers_ to 犯罪者, thus the\nのこと.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-05-06T05:44:06.347",
"id": "15777",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-06T05:44:06.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "2960",
"parent_id": "15424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15424 | null | 15766 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Having been on the receiving end of Japanese hospitality quite a bit in the\npast week, I'd like to know the best way to thank people for it in Japanese.\n\nI've found several words for \"hospitality\" but don't know which is closest to\nEnglish:\n\n * 款待{かんたい}\n * 持{も}て成{な}し\n * 厚情{こうじょう}\n\nI also wouldn't be surprised if the best way to thank somebody in this way in\nJapanese might not even involve one of these words but rather be phrased very\ndifferently to the English expression for language or cultural reasons.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T11:00:47.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15425",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T23:27:03.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to thank somebody for their hospitality?",
"view_count": 15268
} | [
{
"body": "「おもてなし」 is probably closest to hospitality.\n\nYou can say 「持て成し」 but it's probably more common to say 「おもてなし」.\n\nWhen you thank someone, I don't think you have to mention their hospitality;\ninstead, it's perfectly fine to say 「ありがとうございました」 or 「お世話になりました」.\n\n「おもてなしありがとうございます。」 is literally \"thank you for your hospitality\", but this\nsounds very awkward.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T11:26:15.493",
"id": "15426",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T11:26:15.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3110",
"parent_id": "15425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "The more common the phrases are, either in English or Japanese, the less\nlikely it is that direct or literal translations will sound natural in the\nother language. \"Thank you for your hospitality\" is a prime example of this.\n\nAll of the three words that you listed are \"big\" --- especially 「歓待」 and 「厚情」.\nThose two are seldom used in spoken language and when they are used in\nwriting, they would have to be surrounded by other big Sino loanwords.\n\n「おもてなし」 (PLEASE write this in kana (and add an 「お」)) happens to have been a\ntrendy phrase the last several months because of this speech at the IOC\nmeeting in Buenos Aires last year. The phrase, however, is rarely used in\nspoken language.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hggygKWwhg>\n\nThe most common phrase that we use in situations where you would say \"Thank\nyou for your hospitality\" would be:\n\n> 「[大変]{たいへん}お[世話]{せわ}になり、ありがとうございました。」 or\n>\n> 「大変お世話になりました。（どうも）ありがとうございました。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T12:03:43.017",
"id": "15427",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T13:07:12.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "So, some of these words have much narrower meaning than hospitality in\ngeneral.\n\nTo me, 「親切{しんせつ}」 sounds like the most neutral word for hospitality. A natural\nsentence would be 「ご親切{しんせつ}に、ありがとうございました。」\n\nBoth 「(お)もてなし」 and 「歓待{かんたい}」are specifically the hospitality towards guests.\n\n「お世話{せわ}になりました」 is for something longer (but, it seems most cases of\nhospitality fall in this category; see comments). You say this when you\ngraduate from a school and thank a teacher there, or at least when you spend a\nnight and thank a host. Not for somebody who picked up your fallen\nhandkerchief.\n\n「(ご)厚情{こうじょう}」 is extremely formal. In a letter, when you invite people to a\nfuneral, you could thank them for their 「ご厚情{こうじょう}」 with the deceased.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T12:47:32.467",
"id": "15430",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-16T02:54:42.273",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-16T02:54:42.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "208",
"owner_user_id": "208",
"parent_id": "15425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "How about 恐れ入ります ? I was led to believe that this may be used to thank someone\nwhen you want to acknowledge the trouble that they have gone to for you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-29T23:27:03.360",
"id": "72180",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-29T23:27:03.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35523",
"parent_id": "15425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15425 | null | 15427 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15439",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just came back from Japan, it is my first time, so I found myself in the\nsituations, that I wasn't prepared for.\n\nAt the convenience store I noticed natives tend not to say much to the staff\nat all, but I just want to confirm that I understand it right.\n\nFirst when I come in everyone shouts いらっしゃいませ - I know I'm not supposed to\nanswer, but I still throw some こんにちは, since I just feel strange not to answer.\n\nI walk around and workers occasionally say いらっしゃいませ again and bow, so I say\nこんにちは and bow too, but native buyers seem to ignore いらっしゃいませ + bow combo. Is\nthis fine and polite?\n\nThen I bring products to the cash register and say こんにちは again and I really\nwant to say something more, but can't find words and keep silent. I get some\npolite phrases thrown at me and presented with a number to pay. I say\nちょっと待っててね and look for coins. So my coins are lying on the plate and I want to\nsay \"that's it\", \"I'm done\", \"please take my money\" or something, but I really\ncan't find the words and I just make some gestures waving the wallet and\nhands...\n\nI can go on, but in short I really felt I'm not following some predefined\nstep-by-step actions and not using common phrases, I say too much hellos and\nbow all the time. When I leave any form of \"Goodbye\" seem not appropriate,\nlooks like past-tense \"Thank you\" is what natives say or not saying anything\nand just silently walking out is good. In your answer I would like to see an\nexample of a common dialog, tips when to bow and when to say nothing.\nよろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T12:27:48.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15428",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T11:55:41.820",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-01T06:40:58.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "2922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"culture",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What to say at the cash register in the convenience store",
"view_count": 7608
} | [
{
"body": "It sounds like much of what you are facing is a cultural more than syntactic\nproblem. A コンビニ is not a bodega; there's no chummy socialization that happens\nthere.\n\nAll of the language I use in the convenience store is _transactional_ :\n\nIf you need to ask them to check out:\n\n> お[会計]{かいけい}お[願]{ねが}いします。\n\nTo indicate the method of payment:\n\n> ~~で[払]{はら}います。\n\n**This seems to be the only specific question you asked** but if you need to\nferret about for small change:\n\n1) ちょっと待ってください.\n\nand then when you've put the change you want down\n\n2) それからお願いします\n\nThey will ask if you want it heated (for items where that makes some sense --\nand some where to me it doesn't [like おにぎり]):\n\n> 店員: 「[温]{あたた}めますか」 \n> 私:「はい、お願いします」.\n\nThey may ask if you want a bag if you ordered something small:\n\n> テープでよろしいですか。\n\nAnd if unnecessary, I will answer:\n\n> [袋]{ふくろ}はいらないです。\n\nI don't normally greet them or say good bye (though as a white foreigner I\nsometimes do).\n\nAnd that's all that's expected. No one says anything like \"hello\" or \"goodbye\"\nto them.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T23:13:09.210",
"id": "15439",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-01T15:38:48.003",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-01T15:38:48.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "15428",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15428 | 15439 | 15439 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Japan I often felt いいえ or 違う is not the best choice, when asked, if I don't\ncarry something with me. Like at the airport security lady asked me, if I\nthere were any forbidden objects in my luggage. I can't recall the question,\nbut it ended in ない？ I felt lost for a second and she tried to help me out with\na correct answer and said in a confirming tone ない, and I used her tip and said\nない！\n\nI used that couple of times in other situations. Is this okay to say it like\nthat or should I produce a better lengthier sentence, like 何も持っていない?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T12:42:42.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15429",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T15:23:42.860",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-15T15:23:42.860",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "2922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is answering with simple ない grammatically correct, when saying I physically don't possess some object",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "Yes. Grammatically you can say 「ない」. This forms a complete sentence, which\nmeans \"(it is / that kind of stuff is) not (t)here\".\n\nHowever, this works only for physical existence or possession. In most cases,\neven when a question ends in ない?, a simple 「ない」 is not a grammatically correct\nanswer. Like when asked 「あしたあそばない？」, the answer could be「あそばない」 but not a\nsimple 「ない」. This is because 「ない」 shows negation, not non-existence.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T12:57:22.527",
"id": "15431",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T12:57:22.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "208",
"parent_id": "15429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15429 | 15431 | 15431 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15434",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could someone explain what this word means? It seems to describe a man who\nwill do anything a woman he likes wants him to do but it is not that obvious\nfrom the E&J defintions and picture below, which I have borrowed from the book\n\"Onomatopoeia.\"\n\nThe best clue from the definition is the word だらしない but the meanings of that\ndo not seem to fit (slovenly?, womanizing?, weak?). The key English word,\n\"spoony\" seems to exist only in Japanese dictionaries.\n\n> 態度、身なりなどにしまりがない様子。とくに、男性が女性に対してだらしない態度をとる形容に多く用いる。 \n> Describes a loose attitude or appearance. Often used to describe a man's\n> spoony attitude toward a woman.\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T13:07:14.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15432",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T15:13:36.603",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-15T15:13:36.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "1556",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is でれでれ (spoony)?",
"view_count": 315
} | [
{
"body": "でれでれ is also the root of the でれ in ツンデレ, which is used to refer to someone\n(typically a female) who is rather moody—she's swooning over someone one\nmoment, and knocking him over the horizon the next. Likewise, I've seen\nデレデレしないで as a request for someone (again, typically female in my observation)\nto stop fawning all over someone.\n\nAs to the English word \"spoony\", that's a running joke resulting from the\nEnglish translation of [Final Fantasy\nIV](http://finalfantasy.wikia.com/wiki/You_Spoony_Bard!).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T13:14:26.107",
"id": "15434",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-15T13:14:26.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15432",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15432 | 15434 | 15434 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am looking at a Japanese map of the early 19th century. It contains a\nprinted comment that I am trying to find translation for. It does not seem to\nbe modern Japanese so I am wondering what kind of (outdated?) Japanese this\nis. (See Image)\n\n",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-15T19:25:45.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15438",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T13:20:39.023",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-16T01:58:08.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "5161",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "What kind of Japanese is this?",
"view_count": 1347
} | [
{
"body": "This is 漢文{かんぶん}, a mimicked Classical Chinese. Now few Japanese can write in\nthis style. However, this style is still taught in high schools in Japan. In\nthe mandatory classes, the students do not learn the Chinese pronunciation.\nInstead, they pronounce the 漢文{かんぶん} sentences as Japanese sentences. They\nshuffle the characters, put Japanese words besides the Chinese characters and\nfill in additional カタカナ in order to turn a Classical Chinese sentence into a\nJapanese sentence. The first two sentences in the image would be read\n`本邦{ほんぽう}ノ輿地{よち}ノ圖{ず}。其{そ}ノ起{おこ}リ蓋{けだ}シ中古{ちゅうこ}ニ在{あ}ル歟{か}。` Notice that the\nposition of `在` moved in the second sentence. These shuffling techniques are\ncalled `訓読{くんどく}`. The writing style 漢文{かんぶん} and the reading technique\n訓読{くんどく} have been present for at least 1,300 years.\n\nThis 漢文{かんぶん} style is different from 万葉仮名{まんようがな}。 漢文{かんぶん} tries to follow\nthe Classical Chinese grammar. In the 万葉仮名{まんようがな} style, no serious efforts\nare made to follow the Classical Chinese grammar. 万葉仮名{まんようがな} is a liberal\ntechnique to use the pronunciation of Chinese characters for denoting Japanese\npronunciation. However, in the 万葉仮名{まんようがな} technique, there are no efforts\nmade into following the Classical Chinese grammar.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T02:10:04.757",
"id": "15463",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T13:20:39.023",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-19T13:20:39.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "208",
"owner_user_id": "208",
"parent_id": "15438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] | 15438 | null | 15463 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Yesterday my (also non Japanese) friend had a headache and we had to buy\nmedicine in Japanese.\n\nSo I looked up how to say \"headache\" and add it to my vocabulary.\n\nI found the word 頭痛{ずつう} and I suppose it could be used in sentences like\n頭痛がある\n\nBut when I told my friend about 頭痛 he said \"no that's not right.\" He said it's\n頭{あたま}が痛{いた}い so you would make a sentence like 頭が痛いだ.\n\nObviously they both use the same characters but in different ways. Is the\nsecond sentence more colloquial? Is 頭痛 more technical? Are they both just as\ncommon?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T01:29:04.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15440",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-16T02:15:20.210",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Which is more colloquial for \"I have a headache\"?",
"view_count": 3436
} | [
{
"body": "I think the colloquial way (and most common way) is:\n\n> 頭が痛い。\n\nOr even more colloquially dropping が:\n\n> 頭痛いよ。\n\nPlease note that 痛い is an i-adjective so 「頭が痛いだ。」 is not correct.\n\n* * *\n\nThis can be used for other body parts too.\n\nI think that the confusion is because in English there are words for some of\nthe \"aches\" which you often use, like \"headache\" or \"stomach ache\". You use\nthem to say \"I have a headache\". You don't say \"I have a leg pain\" though.\nDirect translation of constructions does't usually work that well.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T01:36:14.547",
"id": "15441",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-16T01:44:50.310",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-16T01:44:50.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15440",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "You have a couple choices:\n\n 1. 頭が痛い （not ×頭が痛いだ） \n 2. 頭痛がする\n\nI basically agree with Szymon's answer that 頭が痛い is more colloquial and all-\naround more common. You can use either phrase, though. (You can make it more\ncolloquial yet by omitting the particle が.)\n\nAdding だ to adjectives like 痛い is nonstandard.\n\nTo make these more polite, use 頭が痛いです or 頭痛がします.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T01:50:04.850",
"id": "15442",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-16T02:15:20.210",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-16T02:15:20.210",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15440",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15440 | null | 15441 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Please go easy on me if this seems too basic and obvious, I'm a beginner.\n\nI always had the impression that there were counters that went with the native\nJapanese numbers and counters that went with the Sino Japanese numbers.\n\nBut now I'm wondering if I'm wrong and that only the Sino Japanese numbers are\nused with all counters except for some exceptions:\n\n * ～つ always uses native Japanese numbers: \nひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ\n\n * For counting people, only \"one\" and \"two\" use native Japanese with ～り and all other numbers use Sino Japanese with ～にん: \nひとり、ふたり、さんにん\n\nFor some reason I find it hard to search for this and what I do find seems to\nbe poorly worded and convoluted such that I can't extract this little fact\nfrom the discussions easily at all.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T05:11:12.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15443",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T17:57:57.593",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-24T17:57:57.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"syntax",
"numbers",
"counters"
],
"title": "Are ～つ and ～り the only two counters that can occur with the native Japanese numbers (ひと～, ふた～, etc)?",
"view_count": 388
} | [
{
"body": "Counters for days also use Japanese numerals, from 2 to 10: ふつか, みっか, よっか... .\n20th also uses a native counter: はつか.\n\nSome day numbers use mixed counters (14, 24): じゅうよっか, にじゅうよっか.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T05:22:59.163",
"id": "15444",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-16T05:30:50.990",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-16T05:30:50.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15443",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Chinese-derived numbers might be more common (although I don't know by what\nmargin), but native-Japanese counter words are also ubiquitous.\n\nTo quote the first page (of 319 pages) from the counter word dictionary\n数え方の辞典,\n\n> アース \n> ▲本\n>\n> アーチ \n> ▲本\n>\n> アーティチョーク \n> ▲本 ●株【かぶ】 ▲個\n>\n> アーム \n> ▲本\n>\n> アーモンド \n> ●粒 ▲個\n>\n> 合い鍵 \n> ▲本\n>\n> アイコン \n> ▲個\n>\n> 挨拶 \n> ●言【こと】\n>\n> アイス \n> ▲個 ▲片【へん】 ●かけ\n>\n> アイスキャンディー \n> ▲本\n>\n> アイスクリーム \n> ▲個 ▲本 ●箱【はこ】 ●玉【たま】 ▲●★パック ●皿\n>\n> アイスピック \n> ▲本\n>\n> アイスペール \n> ▲個\n>\n> アイスボックス \n> ▲個\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> ▲=漢語数詞 (Chinese-derived numbers) \n> ●=和語数詞 (native Japanese numbers) \n> ★=英語数詞 (English-derived numbers)\n\n(The dictionary gives usage notes for each entry, which I have omitted here.)\n\nThe general rule is that Chinese-derived numbers go well with 音読み counter\nwords, Japanese numbers go well with 訓読み words, and all three of Chinese-\nderived, Japanese and English numbers go well with (non-Chinese) foreign\nwords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-24T17:22:40.243",
"id": "15563",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T17:57:41.023",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15443",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15443 | null | 15444 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15446",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is a sentence taken from a manga:\n\n> その節は私にたくさんのエネルギーを提供して頂いてありがとう。\n>\n> Thank you for having provided me with all that energy at that time.\n\nI don't get why 私 is used with the particle に instead of が (or not being used\nat all). The way I see it :\n\n> AがBにCを提供する。\n>\n> A provides B with C.\n>\n> BがAにCを提供して頂く。\n>\n> B is (receiving the favor of being) provided with C by A.\n\nIs it the use of ～てありがとう that swaps the particles? Literally, something like:\n\n> AがBにCを提供して頂いてありがとう。\n>\n> A is thanked by B (who is glad) for being provided with C.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T09:52:07.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15445",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-27T00:51:50.883",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle に used with ～て頂いてありがとう",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "Although your application of grammatical rules is on the whole technically\ncorrect you need to consider context. A is thanking B for doing something for\nhim (not anybody else). This affects what information you need to include in\nthe sentence:\n\n * 私 does not usually take が, 私は is more common, if it needs to be said at all. So;\n * If you are saying thank you then you are unlikely to say 私は (because it is clear who is saying thanks). And;\n * が is commonly used in sub-clauses within sentences. If you used が in this sentence then it would sound odd because (i) it would seem to go with 提供する, so you are doing the \"supplying\" and, (ii) いただく indicates you are also doing the receiving.\n * By saying 私に the speaker is saying thank you for giving **me** , as opposed to somebody else, the energy (see note below)\n * Although a sentence with the ~ていただく／もらう construction will often identify the supplier of the service by the particle に this is usually done when the supplier is a third party. In this case the supplier is the listener and it is not necessary: B knows what he did and the speaker wants to \"Thank you for doing X for me.\" \n\nNote: I am not quite sure from the context you have provided if the speaker\nwas \"inspired to do something\" or they were recipient of some kind of fuel but\nit does not make a huge difference to the main points of your question on\ngrammar.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-16T11:33:16.953",
"id": "15446",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-16T13:28:26.237",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-16T13:28:26.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "1556",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"parent_id": "15445",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15445 | 15446 | 15446 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15906",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a loose follow-up of [my first question here on\nJLSE](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6581/kanji-for-native-\njapanese-concepts-kunyomi-spanning-multiple-morphemes). I tried to check\n[gogen-allguide.com](http://gogen-allguide.com/) and 大辞林, but couldn't find\nanything definitive. Unfortunately I don't know any other resources for\nchecking etymologies for (native) Japanese words.\n\nSo, my question is: What is the etymology of 宵【よい】? My guess would be\n夜(よ)日(ひ).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T01:31:43.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15449",
"last_activity_date": "2015-05-22T20:21:36.693",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etymology of 宵【よい】",
"view_count": 424
} | [
{
"body": "[Gogen Allguide](http://gogen-allguide.com/yu/yuube.html) and my dead-tree\nversion of Shōgakukan Kokugo Dai Jiten in JA mention that, in the Heian\nperiod and earlier, the terms for \"evening, night\" were somewhat specific,\ngoing in order:\n\n * ゆうべ \nEarly evening\n\n * よい \nLate evening, early night: dusk\n\n * よなか \nNight\n\n * あかとき \nPre-dawn\n\n * あけぼの \nDawn\n\nI can't find anything definitive at present about the derivation of 宵. I do\nnote, however, that 夜日 is a separate word in its own right, _yohi_ : \"night\nand day, day and night\". So that's probably not the source of 宵.\n\nI do see that the older kana spelling was よひ. I note also that 夕 _yū_ of\nsimilar meaning has an older kana spelling of ゆふ. I wonder then if these two\nmight be cognate, with よひ representing some kind of inflection. Or, possibly,\nよひ might be the noun stem form of a hypothetical verb よふ, consisting of 夜\n\"night\" + ふ \"suffix indicating iterative or continuous action, or ongoing\nchange\". That said, I can't find evidence of any such verb in my sources to\nhand.\n\n* * *\n\n**_Update._**\n\nThe link to JSTOR that snailboat added above in a comment previously didn't\nwork for me, possibly due to net congestion or server trouble. I have since\nread through that paper by J. Marshall Unger, [_New Etymologies for Some\nJapanese Time-\nWords_](http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/25766944?uid=372503961&uid=2&uid=3&uid=60&sid=21103670524981).\nIn it, he provides the following theory on page 40 for the derivation of\nmodern 宵{よい}, ancient _yopi_ (my additions in [square brackets] for clarity):\n\n> Because free native nouns in Old Japanese could begin with _p_ but not _r_ ,\n> the derivation of _yopi_ 'evening twilight' is not as problematic as that of\n> _yoru_ , though by no means certain. It was probably a relatively late\n> reduction of a whole phrase such as _* yo pikari_ 'night shining', with the\n> same _* yo_ 'night' morpheme. According to pJ [proto-Japanese] non-final\n> mid-vowel raising, an ancient compound of the form _* yo-pi_ would have\n> yielded OJ [Old Japanese] _* yupi_, not _yopi_ , and OJ _pi_ 'sun, day' was\n> not used for 'light'.\n\nI'm not sure what _pJ non-final mid-vowel raising_ is beyond the summary\nprovided by Unger (apparently outlined in more detail in a separate paper by\nFrellesvig and Whitman in 2004), but from the context of Unger's paper, I find\nmyself unconvinced—there are OJ terms that don't seem to exhibit this\npurported _yo-_ > _yu-_ shift. I'm also unconvinced that _pikari_ would\nshorten to just _pi_ , given that in all other contexts that I'm aware of, the\nshortest form is _pika_ , though I am certainly open to some other term being\nthe cognate source for the _-pi_ in _yopi_.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-05-12T21:54:34.477",
"id": "15906",
"last_activity_date": "2015-05-22T20:21:36.693",
"last_edit_date": "2015-05-22T20:21:36.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "15449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15449 | 15906 | 15906 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15642",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the verb pairs 表【ひょう】する and 表【ひょう】す、or 訳【やく】する and 訳【やく】す。\n\nI realize the distinction may be academic(for example, either way the ます form\nis always spelled 訳します), but what is the functional difference between these\npairs, and when is one used over the other?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T01:48:14.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15450",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-29T08:33:44.153",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-17T02:46:51.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "271",
"owner_user_id": "271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "When to use 〜す verbs or their する verb counterparts",
"view_count": 803
} | [
{
"body": "I've been waiting for an answer, but no one has answered yet. So I just put\nwhat I know here.\n\nGenerally speaking, verbs that take the form [one kanji + する] are highly\nirregular and many of them are formal, literary or archaic.\n\n訳す conjugates like a regular godan verb. It's frequently used, so it becomes a\nregular verb.\n\n```\n\n 否定 訳さない/訳さず\n 意志 訳そう\n 可能 訳せる\n 受身 訳される\n 連用 訳し/訳して/訳します/訳したい\n 終止 訳す\n 連体 訳すため\n 仮定 訳せば\n 命令 訳せ\n 強調 訳しはしない\n \n```\n\n[表]{ひょう}す is a little tricky. It is mainly used in the pattern 〜の意を表す, but\nmany people do read it as [表]{あら}わす. This verb is very formal and literary so\nit does not always conform to the modern grammar. The traditional conjugation\nis:\n\n```\n\n 否定 表しない/表せず\n 意志 表しよう\n 可能 表せられる\n 受身 表せられる\n 連用 表し/表して/表します/表したい\n 終止 表す (also 表する, modern suru conjugation)\n 連体 表するため (also 表すため, godan conjugation )\n 仮定 表すれば\n 命令 表せよ\n 強調 ?\n \n```\n\nI think only these forms are common: 〜意を表す/表する/表します/表したい. I saw 表される, too, but\nI don't know if they are read as あらわされる.\n\n[大辞林](http://www.excite.co.jp/dictionary/japanese/?itemid=DJR_hyousu_-010)\ngives me ひょうせる as a potential form, but I don't know when it is used.\n\n```\n\n ひょう・す へう－ ［1］ 【表す】\n 一（動サ五）〔サ変動詞「表する」の五段化〕「表する」に同じ。「敬意を－・さずに去る」\n ［可能］ひょうせる\n 二（動サ変） ⇒ ひょうする\n \n```\n\nAnd\n[大辞林](http://www.excite.co.jp/dictionary/japanese/?itemid=DJR_hyousuru_-010)\nconsiders 表する as literary.\n\n```\n\n ひょう・する へう－ ［3］ 【表する】\n （ 動サ変 ） ［文］ サ変 へう・す\n あらわす。 「遺憾の意を－・する」 「我朝は葦の葉を－・するとぞ／曽我 6」\n \n```",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-28T21:19:08.847",
"id": "15642",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-29T08:33:44.153",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-29T08:33:44.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "4833",
"owner_user_id": "4833",
"parent_id": "15450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15450 | 15642 | 15642 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15454",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In my JLPT textbook, I have this sentence:\n\n> 彼{かれ}は国民{こくみん}の信頼{しんらい}を裏切{うらぎ}った。それゆえに、権力{けんりょく}の座{ざ}を追{お}われることとなったのである。\n\nI think this sentence means, \"He betrayed the trust of the people. As a\nresult, it was the case that he was chased out of his seat of power.\" \"Seat of\npower\" may be overly literal, it's probably more like his seat in the Diet or\nsomething, but that's not the part I'm concerned with.\n\nIt's the `権力{けんりょく}の座{ざ}を追{お}われること` part. From the overall context of the\nsentence, I'm guessing the guy was chased **from** the seat. But, from the\ngrammar, because of the `を` particle that points directly to the chair, it\nfeels like it _should_ mean the seat itself had been chased.\n\nAm I right that it means the guy was chased from the chair? If so, why does\n`座{ざ}を追{お}われる` not mean the chair got chased? If I'm wrong about the meaning,\nthen what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T09:00:06.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15452",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-18T02:41:07.423",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-18T02:41:07.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is this seat being chased, or is the person in it being chased from it?",
"view_count": 306
} | [
{
"body": "If the chair was chased, the phrase would be `権力{けんりょく}の座{ざ}が追{お}われる`\npassively or `権力{けんりょく}の座{ざ}を追{お}う` actively.\n\nBack to the question, this `を` particle means `from`. I guess you have no\nproblem with `東京{とうきょう}を離{はな}れる` (move away from Tokyo). Another grammatically\ncorrect phrase is `権力{けんりょく}の座{ざ}を離{はな}れる` (move away from the seat).\n\nActually, you can say `東京{とうきょう}を追{お}われる` for being chased away from Tokyo.\nAnalogously, you can say `権力{けんりょく}の座{ざ}を追{お}われる`. For me, the best way to\nunderstand the phrase in question is, seeing `追{お}われる` as a substitute for\n`離{はな}れる` or `去{さ}る` (leave).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T16:33:47.700",
"id": "15454",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-17T16:33:47.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "208",
"parent_id": "15452",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "(This answer may not satisfy a linguist but it may help understand how the\ngrammar works.)\n\nI would say it is the same を as in 家を出る where it is used to mark the location\nfrom where something moves.\n\nI can see the same use in the Progressive E/J-J/E dictionary:\n\n> 地位を追われる｜be ousted [driven] from one's post\n\nI think this answers your question but if you are looking at the grammar to\nunderstand why the chair did not get chased then there are some other points\nworth considering.\n\nFirst, this use of を was discussed fairly comprehensively in this question:\n[Explain how 向{む}く \"to face\" can take \"上{うえ}\" as a direct object using\nを?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15221/explain-how-)\n\nSecond: Is 追われる intransitive? I would say it is in this example but:\n\n * When 追う is used actively (ie not in passive tense) to take different meanings it seems to be transitive because the を marks an object not a location of movement. The following examples came from the same dictionary: \n\n>\n```\n\n> 家畜を追う｜drive cattle ｟back to the barn｠ \n> 泥棒 を追う｜pursue a thief \n> 流行を追う｜follow the fashion\n> \n```\n\n * The expression is similar to 席を外す. Here again the を marks a location from where something moves but this verb is usually a transitive. My rationale (for anybody to challenge or confirm) is that 外す can be either transitive or intransitive. In this case it is intransitive but in the following case (taken from SpaceALC) it is transitive:\n\n>\n```\n\n> ～をメニューから外す |take ~ off the menu (~ = direct object)\n> \n```\n\n(Note how the direct object, the item removed from the menus is marked by を\nand as there can only be on をin a sentence the location from it moved, the\nmenu, is marked by から.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T05:31:41.987",
"id": "15466",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T00:43:48.860",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"parent_id": "15452",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15452 | 15454 | 15454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The subtitles don't explain this pun/joke at all in the episode 87 of Space\nBrothers anime, but I'd like to figure out how it works.\n\nThere's a lot of repeating \"arumi can\" and \"aru mikan\" in the pun. The pun is\nobviously about an aluminum can, and if the orange can stay on top of it, but\nI'd like to know exactly what's going on with the sounds.\n\nHere's the youtube video I just made with all the puns:\n<http://youtu.be/vVsskPeb_VA>\n\nPlease, help me identify the words that make these puns.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T15:49:36.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15453",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-17T18:01:45.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3354",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"puns"
],
"title": "\"Alumi can\" and \"aru mikan\" pun in Space Brothers anime",
"view_count": 1594
} | [
{
"body": "_(Per the asker's request, I'll be including romaji in this answer following\nJapanese text where it is used.)_\n\nAs Earthling noted, they're finding ways to re-use both versions of the phrase\nin the sentence. So we started with:\n\n> **アルミ缶** の上に **あるミカン** 。 \n> **Arumi-kan** no ue ni **aru mikan**.\n\nIt uses the same 5 morae (a ru mi ka n), but changes where the split falls (in\nthis case, before or after \"mi\"). In this case, it's also reasonably\nstraightforward to interpret: An orange on top of an aluminum can.\n\n> **アルミ缶** の上に **あるミカン** の上に・・・ **あるミカン** ！ \n> **Arumi-kan** no ue ni **aru mikan** no ue ni... **aru mikan!**\n\nIn this case, stacking a second orange on top and getting it to stay allowed\nfor adding one more use of it. Since み (mi) is also the Japense number for 3\n(三つ mittsu), it's suggesting 3 objects, which further strengthens the pun in\nher favor.\n\n> **アルミ缶** の上に **あるミカン** の上に **あるミカン** の上に **アル・・・ミカン** ！ \n> **Arumi-kan** no ue ni **aru mikan** no ue ni **aru mikan** no ue ni\n> **aru...mikan**!\n\nThis one gets a shade tricky. By putting another aluminum can on the stack\nhe's actually managed to get it in there four times. But the way the breaks\nturns out a bit weird, since on the last one it should break after \"mi\" for\nthe can, but the girl jumped in to ensure it sounded like another orange was\nadded instead.\n\nHope that helps cover what you were looking for!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T17:52:43.543",
"id": "15456",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-17T18:01:45.590",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-17T18:01:45.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "4914",
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15453 | 15456 | 15456 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't understand the meaning of ~つもりではいる in this sentence :\n\n> そしていちおう手加減してやるつもり **ではいる** が殺されてしまっても負けとなる。\n>\n> And, although I'm planning on going easy on you, you will also lose if you\n> happen to get killed.\n\nI'm familiar with the ~つもり+である construction and I remember reading somewhere\nthat でいる could sometimes replace である (not sure about that).\n\nSo is it でいる + は (and what difference is there between である、でいる and ではいる)?\n\nOr is it で (て forme of だ) + 入る and in that case, what does はいる mean in that\ncontext?\n\nOr something else entirely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T17:00:17.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15455",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-17T20:55:17.970",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of ~つもりではいる in that sentence",
"view_count": 402
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's a combination of で＋いる with the contrastive は inserted. No, it's not\nで入る.\n\nWhen you use 〜でいる instead of 〜だ・である, the emphasis is on the _current_ state\n(or with 〜でいた, a _past_ state). In your translation, that's reflected with the\nEnglish present progressive \"planning on\".\n\nIn this particular example, the particle は is added to show contrast with the\nfollowing clause.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T20:55:17.970",
"id": "15457",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-17T20:55:17.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15455 | 15457 | 15457 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My company is developing an iPhone game that will be for sale in the US and\nJapan. There is a share button that allows people to text message, email,\nFacebook, and twitter their friends about the game. In english, the button\njust says \"share\". What would be the appropriate replacement for this in\nJapanese that makes sense culturally?\n\nI am trying to use the culturally correct word. I have found 分かち合う. But I\nbelieve this word more accurately means \"dispense.\"\n\n分け合う is what I believe I should use. I just want to make sure it is correct\nand makes sense so no one is offended.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T21:56:00.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15458",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T07:33:10.163",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-17T22:25:33.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "5174",
"owner_user_id": "5174",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "How do you write \"share\" (as in \"tell others\") in Japanese?",
"view_count": 10104
} | [
{
"body": "You can use 「シェアする」 which is, I believe, used in the context of computer\nsoftware and websites, apps, etc. Shorter「シェア」is also used, e.g. on Facebook\napp.\n\nI've seen it on some websites, e.g. on Japanese Amazon next to Facebook,\nTwitter, etc. buttons which is similar to what you want to do.\n\nExample from Facebook app:\n\n\n\nExample from Japanese Amazon:\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-17T22:42:43.583",
"id": "15459",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T00:57:25.773",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T00:57:25.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "分け合う and 分かち合う do translate to \"share\", literally as in \"sharing an apple with\ntwo other people [by dividing it into thirds]\" and figuratively as in \"sharing\nyour joys and sorrows with your loved ones\". I won't try to distinguish them\nhere because I don't think either word is quite right, so it's not entirely\nrelevant, but I don't think either word is _offensive_.\n\nThe real problem is that you're asking about a button labeled \"share\" in a\nsocial media context, and I think that calls for a different word. In that\ncontext, the word I've mostly seen for \"share\" is 共有. Here's an example of a\nshare button on YouTube labeled 共有:\n\n\n\nI must admit I'm not a big user of social media, but searching around on\nGoogle seems to confirm that other sites use it, too.\n\nSo my suggestion is 共有.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T00:20:37.277",
"id": "15460",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T00:47:04.320",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T00:47:04.320",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "I know you are asking specifically for technology, but for what it's worth,\n`分かち合う` is used a lot in emotional \"sharing\". As in sharing your feelings,\ntelling a personal story, etc.\n\nThis is a big word in Japanese Christian lingo; one that I'm very familiar\nwith. Often when someone will give a testimony (`[証]{あかし}`) of something in\ntheir life (an answered prayer, a struggle they are facing, etc.), the act of\nsharing this story is `分かち合う`. Or if some people are praying together for each\nother, telling the others how you would like them to pray for you (your prayer\nrequests) is denoted as `[祈]{いの}りのリクエストを分かち合う`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T07:33:10.163",
"id": "15471",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T07:33:10.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "15458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15458 | null | 15460 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15462",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does it make sense to talk about サ変名詞 as being 自動詞 or 他動詞? If so, surely some\nare 他動詞： 車{くるま}を運転{うんてん}する。 \n日本語{にほんご}を勉強{べんきょう}する。 \n庭{にわ}を散歩{さんぽ}する。\n\nBut, what about 自動詞? Perhaps this [posting of mine from awhile\nago](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12923/does-the-\nstructure%E3%80%8Cverb-stem%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8D-exist)\ndescribes 自動詞としてのサ変名詞 (but maybe not)？ More likely, I have insufficient vocab\nknowledge to think of even one.\n\nAnd, in a broader context, I am interested in if, in a transitive sentence\n(regardless of if it is サ変名詞 or not), with a specified direct object, must \"を\"\nalways be the final 助詞{じょし}?\n\nthank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T01:46:13.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15461",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T10:24:38.127",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3962",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "does it make sense to talk about サ変名詞{さへんめいし} as 他動詞{たどうし} or 自動詞{じどうし}?",
"view_count": 331
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it makes sense to talk about the transitivity of verbal noun plus する\nconstructions. I would simply link you to the introduction of [_The Light Verb\nConstruction in Japanese: The Role of the Verbal\nNoun_](http://books.google.com/books?id=CZ86AAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA7&ots=BEQED0j1Kg&hl=ja&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false),\nbut I suppose it's better if I repeat some of the examples here. All of the\nfollowing examples are taken from page 8:\n\nFirst, intransitive verbal noun + する constructions:\n\n 1. 到着する _arrive_\n 2. 誕生する _be born_\n 3. 死亡する _die_\n\nSecond, transitive verbal noun + する constructions:\n\n 1. 警告する _warn_\n 2. 破壊する _destroy_\n 3. 攻撃する _attack_\n\nThird, verbal noun + する constructions which can be either transitive or\nintransitive:\n\n 1. 移動する _move_\n 2. 破損する _damage / be damaged_\n 3. 紛失する _lose_\n 4. 縮小する _shrink / become shrunken_\n 5. 終了する _finish_\n 6. 増加する _increase_\n\nNo, を arguments don't need to be final; they can be scrambled out of their\nbasic position. Because most constituents in a Japanese sentence are marked\n(e.g. with case markers like を or postpositions of some kind), sentence order\nis relatively free, although certain orders may differ in emphasis, and the\norder isn't _entirely_ free.\n\nIf you want details about sentence order, I suggest you ask a separate\nquestion about it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T02:06:54.897",
"id": "15462",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T10:24:38.127",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T10:24:38.127",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15461",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 15461 | 15462 | 15462 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Background: if you have a noun, the easiest way to convert it into a verb is\nby gluing a する onto the end of it. Examples of this abound, ranging from old\nSino compounds to recent English borrowings.\n\nSometimes, a novel 五段 verb can also be constructed from a non-verb. Examples\nof this include:\n\n * グーグル → ググる (\"to Google; to search\")\n * メモ → メモる (\"to make a note of\")\n * びっくり → びくる (\"to be surprised / startled\", I think)\n * サボタージュ → サボる (\"to slack off; to skip\")\n * 写メ【しゃメ】 → 写メる【しゃメる】 (\"to take a picture with a mobile device\")\n\nObserve that all of the verbs thus formed are ラ行 verbs. Can this process\n_only_ give rise to ラ行 verbs, or can it also produce other types of 五段 verbs,\ne.g. カ行 or サ行?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T02:58:31.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15464",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T22:17:09.870",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T22:17:09.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "3437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Verbing to form 五段 verbs: does it only generate ラ行 verbs?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "Generally words ending in /ru/ will be reinterpreted as the consonant verb\nstem /r-/ plus /u/, while verbs not ending in /ru/ will have /r-u/ added. For\nsome reason, even verbs which _could_ be interpreted as vowel stem verbs are\ngenerally interpreted as consonant stem. We can make other generalizations\ntoo, like pointing out that long vowels are generally shortened and very long\nwords are usually clipped before they're verbed.\n\nHowever, these are just patterns, not absolute rules. People can coin non-\nstandard words however they like, and people like to play with language. One\n_rare_ example is [a song by Perfume titled\nだいじょばない](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoWoWiqI3aM), which follows the\npattern of shortening long vowels but does _not_ add /r-u/. Instead, we get\nthe final /bu/ reinterpreted as a consonant stem /b-/ plus /u/, giving the\nnonstandard verb だいじょぶ inflected to だいじょばない.\n\nSo yes, it's possible to form non-standard verbs that aren't ラ行, though people\ndon't do it very often. Most often, people stick to the /r-u/ pattern.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T03:40:00.753",
"id": "15465",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T03:47:51.200",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T03:47:51.200",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15464",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15464 | null | 15465 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15470",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I have the following sentence in my JLPT practise book:\n\n> 当時{とうじ}母{はは}がどんな気持{きも}ちだったのか、子{こ}どもの私{わたし}には知{し}るべくもないことだった。\n\nMy faltering translation is something like, \"How did my mother feel at the\ntime, she couldn't have known it was me.\"\n\nI'm unclear on the implications. It seems to be that the mother's feelings are\nunclear _because_ of not knowing who the speaker is, but who the speaker is\nand how the mother would express it don't seem logically related to me. For\nexample, if she shouted because she was angry, it wouldn't matter who she\nthought she was shouting at for an outside observer to determine she was\nangry.\n\nHow does knowing who the speaker is and her feelings at the time connect? I\nfeel because I don't have a logical interpretation of the implications, my\ntranslations doesn't feel correct.\n\nWhat would be a more accurate translation than mine?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T06:56:48.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15467",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-15T05:29:06.707",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T07:08:40.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "119",
"owner_user_id": "119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "This mother doesn't know her own child?",
"view_count": 381
} | [
{
"body": "I think you're misunderstanding the use of 代名詞 in this.\n\nThe whole is:\n\n> The feeling my mother had at that time was not something I could understand\n> as a child.\n\nI think what's confusing use is the second half based on your translation\n\n子{こ}どもの私{わたし} = me as a child\n\n子{こ}どもの私{わたし} **に** = to me as a child\n\n子{こ}どもの私{わたし}に **は** = to me as a child\n\n--> I had originally supposed は functions here as a subject marker (where the\ncomment double upvoted states \"は is not a subject marker\" which I take to mean\n_this_ は is not a subject marker. (Should we understand it as simply\nfunctioning as a topic marker or contrastive?)\n\nand thus our subject is \"to me as a child\".\n\n知るべく = something I could know [but in this case understand]",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T07:17:08.650",
"id": "15468",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T13:29:02.193",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T13:29:02.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "15467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I think you're parsing the sentence wrong. I read it as something like:\n\n> There was no way that I, as a child, could have known what my mother was\n> feeling back then.\n\nI think the one who couldn't have known was 子どもの私, and the thing they couldn't\nhave known was 当時母がどんな気持ちだったのか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T07:17:44.707",
"id": "15469",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T07:17:44.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "It seems you're not interpreting the sentence quite correctly.\n\nIt should be \"As a child I had no way of knowing how my mother felt at that\ntime.\"\n\n> [当時]{とうじ}[母]{はは}がどんな[気持]{きも}ちだったのか\n\nWould be \"how my mother felt at the time.\"\n\n> [子]{こ}どもの[私]{わたし}には[知]{し}るべくもないことだった。\n\nI think this is where you might be getting thrown off. `子供の私には` is what you\nneed to focus on. 子供の私 is the \"child version\" of the speaker, from that point\nin time. には is saying that the preceding is not comprehensible _to_ him/her. I\nassume べくもない is the target grammar point so you should know that it's saying,\nbasically, \"had no way of knowing.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T07:18:32.690",
"id": "15470",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-15T05:29:06.707",
"last_edit_date": "2014-05-15T05:29:06.707",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1797",
"parent_id": "15467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "The interpretations are correct but there is still a bit more to get from this\npassage:\n\nThe expression:\n\n> 当時[母]{はは}がどんな[気持]{きも}ちだったのか、\n\nis correctly translated as:\n\n> \"As to how my mother felt at the time\"\n\nbut the \"、\" can be seen as functioning like \"は\"：This phrase is the topic of\nthe rest of the sentence. It links directly to \"ことだった。\", as in AはBことだった (ie\nA、Bことだった。)\n\nAs virmaior says:\n\n> 知るべく＝something I could know [but in this case understand]\n\nIt is worth mentioning that べく is usually associated with \"must\" but in this\ncase it is closer to \"should\", which is in turn closer to \"could\". There best\nway I can think of to make this point clearer is to compare \"There is no way I\ncould have known...\" vs \"There is no way I should have known\". They are not\nexactly the same but often you can say either without changing the overall\nmeaning.\n\nThe next grammatical point is the expression 〜べくもない. I think there is another\nJLPT N1 point here but the best I could find quickly in my old textbooks was\nseveral expressions that include ~もない such as ~出来そうにもない, where the \"もない” makes\nthe negative sense more absolute (-> \"There is no way I could know\" rather\nthan the slightly weaker \"I could not know\").\n\nAnd finally the sentence ends in past tense, \"だった\". The writer could have used\n\"だ\" and the meaning would not have changed but when relating past events the\nplain form is to describe \"the stage\" or circumstantial matters. This is not a\ncircumstantial matter. It would not surprise me if the complete text you are\nlooking at describes other more circumstantial matters in the plain form.\n\nWe end up with a more literal translation such as:\n\n> \"As for how my mother felt (then), it was not something that the child I was\n> at the time could have known.\"\n\nWhich equates to the more natural:\n\n> There was no way that I, as a child, could have known what my mother was\n> feeling back then.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T15:06:35.907",
"id": "15473",
"last_activity_date": "2014-05-15T05:27:18.407",
"last_edit_date": "2014-05-15T05:27:18.407",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"parent_id": "15467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 15467 | 15470 | 15470 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "17619",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen and been taught many words meaning \"feeling\", but what is the\ndifference between the words, and where are they used?\n\nI have done a bit of research myself and have come up with these meanings. Are\nthey correct? Could someone please give a more detailed explanation?\n\n * 具合 - health related\n * 気分 - mood\n * 気持ち - inner/emotional feeling\n * 感じ - outside/perceived feeling\n * 感覚 - ?\n * 感情 - ?\n * 意識 - ?\n * 情 - ?\n * 情意 - ?\n * 心持ち - ?\n\nAre there any others I should know about?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T10:17:20.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15472",
"last_activity_date": "2014-07-01T18:32:36.960",
"last_edit_date": "2014-07-01T12:19:58.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "4822",
"owner_user_id": "1497",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 22,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between the words for \"feeling\"",
"view_count": 6232
} | [
{
"body": "* 具合【ぐあい】 - Health / condition. It's worth noting that this doesn't apply exclusively to people, though! \n * 「エンジンの具合を調【しら】べる」 (\"Check the condition of the engine.\")\n * 「具合が悪【わる】いので休【やす】む」 (\"I'm not feeling to good today so I'm gonna rest.\")\n * 気分【きぶん】 - Mood. \n * 「仕事【しごと】をする気分になれない」 (\"I can't get into the mood to do work.\")\n * 「今日【きょう】は気分がのらない」 (\"I'm not in the mood today.\")\n * Can also be somewhat synonymous with 雰囲気【ふんいき】. 「音楽【おんがく】が会場【かいじょう】の気分を盛【も】り上【あ】げる」 (\"Music really ups the mood of the meeting area.\")\n * 気持【きも】ち - Feeling about something. The first definition on Kotobank says \"The emotion / what you feel in your heart upon encountering something / an event taking place.\" Almost sort of like an opinion, but more emotional than that? Kind of difficult to define, I guess... \n * 「気持ちが変【か】わる」 (\"[Subject's] feelings are changing.\")\n * 「彼【かれ】の気持ちが理解【りかい】できない」 (\"I can't understand the way he feels [about a particular thing happening].\")\n * 感【かん】じ - Sensation or impression. Can be used in both the physical and emotional senses. \n * 「指先【ゆびさき】の感じがなくなる」 (\"Lose the feeling in the tip of one's finger.\")\n * 「感じのいい人【ひと】」 (\"A person who seems good [/ who makes a good impression].\")\n * 「春【はる】らしい感じの日【ひ】ざし」 (\"Sunshine that makes it seem like a Spring day.\")\n * 感覚【かんかく】 - Sense. Again, it can be used in both the physical and the more metaphorical. \n * 「寒【さむ】さで指の感覚がなくなる」 (\"So cold one loses the sensation in one's finger.\")\n * 「新【しん】感覚のデザイン」 (\"A design made with a new sense [of style].\")\n * 感情【かんじょう】 - Pure emotions. Pleasure, displeasure, like, hate, fear, anger, etc. \n * 「国民【こくみん】感情を刺激【しげき】する」 (\"Stir up the emotions of the nation's people.\")\n * 意識【いしき】 - Consciousness / be conscious of. \n * 「意識を取【と】り戻【もど】す」 (\"Return to consciousness.\")\n * 「彼女【かのじょ】の存在【そんざい】を意識する」 (\"To be aware of her existence.\")\n * 情【じょう】 - Emotion. A pretty broad word; kind of difficult to concisely define. Emotions, feelings, literal, more metaphysical... Lots of possibilities. \n * 「憂国【ゆうこく】の情」 (\"A feeling of love for one's country.\")\n * 「情の深【ふか】い人」 (\"An emotional person.\")\n * In certain contexts it can refer to romantic feelings specifically. 「夫婦【ふうふ】の情」 (\"A couple's love.\")\n * 情意【じょうい】 - Feeling in one's heart. Pretty much synonymous with 気持ち, according to my dictionary. \n * 「情意[相通]{あいつう}じる」 (\"Share one's feelings.\")\n * 心持【こころも】ち - One's emotional state. \n * 「心持ちのよい人」 - (\"A calm [/ cool] person.\")\n * _Also_ can be synonymous with 気持ち. 「心持ちが悪【わる】い」 (\"[Something that] feels bad.\")\n\n**EDIT:** Comments from istrasci and Kaji have presented more words, and I\nfelt it would be good to include them!\n\n * 体調【たいちょう】 - The condition of one's body (more generally, \"health\"). \n * 「体調を整【ととの】える」 (\"Improve one's health.\")\n * 「体調が良【よ】い」 (\"In good health.\" alternatively, per istrasci, \"I feel good.\")\n * 触【ふ】れる - To touch. Many nuanced definitions are available for this word, so I'll just focus on the ones that are more related to our discussion here. \n * One meaning is \"to take on an emotion (usually negative?)\":「怒【いか】りに触れる」 (\"To anger [/ offend / upset] somebody.\")\n * Another is more straight-forward: 「心【こころ】に触れる話【はなし】」 (\"A talk [/ word / conversation] that touches the heart.\")\n * 触【さわ】る - Also to touch, but slightly different. The only emotional definition here is negative: being angry about something. \n * 「神経【しんけい】に触る」 (\"To get on one's nerves.\")\n * 「癇【かん】に障【さわ】る」 (\"To get on one's nerves.\" This isn't a typo, by the way; as far as I can tell, this is the only correct way to write this particular phrase. The meaning is very similar, though, and I felt it was relevant enough to include.)\n\nAll definitions and example sentences come from\n[Kotobank](http://kotobank.jp/)! I can't think of any more related words, so I\nsuppose this will do. :) If anyone has any corrections or clarifications (I'm\nnot _super_ confident on a couple of the translations), please do bring them\nup in the comments!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-07-01T14:42:20.693",
"id": "17619",
"last_activity_date": "2014-07-01T18:32:36.960",
"last_edit_date": "2014-07-01T18:32:36.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "4923",
"owner_user_id": "4923",
"parent_id": "15472",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 29
}
] | 15472 | 17619 | 17619 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'd like to apologize for not being able to do xyz.\n\nRather than just saying 「すみません、何々ができません。」, could I say something like:\n\n> 何々ができなくてしまいます。\n\nOr is しまう always used with a positive te-form verb?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T16:15:24.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15474",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-25T08:03:03.577",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-18T22:25:49.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "1139",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation"
],
"title": "How can I use できない and しまう？ I'd like to apologize for not being able to do something",
"view_count": 1507
} | [
{
"body": "Firstly, I'm not very knowledgeable about grammar so I might be talking about\na different usage of the same しまう.\n\nしまう is used when you have done something unintentionally or unwillingly. For\nexample, from the sentence:\n\n> 花瓶を壊してしまう。\n\nyou can tell that the person didn't break the vase on purpose, whereas in\n\n> 花瓶を壊した。\n\nyou can't really tell the person's intention.\n\nNow for your example, できなくてしまいます is できない + しまう. できる/できない is about your\ncapability of doing something. When you're capable of something, you\n_intentionally_ do whatever you're capable of. Therefore, it doesn't make much\nsense to talk about something you can't do, but can do at the same time.\n\nThat being said, できてしまう is used, I think mostly in novels, when you want to\nsay that you are capable of doing something that you are not willing to do.\nFor example,\n\n> 諦めることができてしまう。\n\nmeans that you are able to give up, even though you are unwilling to do so.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-23T20:41:40.727",
"id": "15549",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T01:57:28.030",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-24T01:57:28.030",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "5212",
"parent_id": "15474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It seems to me that you were trying to force the English word order into\nJapanese, the got into trouble with attaching しまう to negative verb forms. In\nEnglish you say \"I'm sorry that I was unable to help\". You apologize first and\nfollow up with the explanation. In Japanese, the word order is the opposite.\nYou say \"助けてあげられなくて、すみませんでした\". In some sense you can take this literally as \"I\nfailed to help, and as a result something was left unfulfilled\". It preserves\nthe temporal order of the two events, and there is no need to fuss with しまう.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-24T22:13:40.150",
"id": "15566",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T22:13:40.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5112",
"parent_id": "15474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> Or is しまう always used with a positive te-form verb?\n\nしないでしまう is not common (marginally grammatical).\n\nしなくてしまう is extremely rare.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-25T08:03:03.577",
"id": "15583",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-25T08:03:03.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4833",
"parent_id": "15474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15474 | null | 15549 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15476",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen multiple language books, videos, etc. refer to this great,\nwonderful, magnificent general-purpose counter known as つ. The problem? I've\nalso seen multiple source say that つ doesn't work with numbers greater than\n10. Which means I can't personally take this very seriously, and\nunfortunately, language manuals tend to just skip over any explanation of what\nyou're supposed to do with numbers greater than 10.\n\nMaybe they just mean that you have to change over from the ひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ\ncounting system to the いち、に、さん counting system, but if that's so, there's no\nway to tell from the way that language manuals tend to word this. So what do\nyou do for general-purpose counting after 10 (or before 1)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T20:32:39.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15475",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T21:05:56.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"numbers",
"counters"
],
"title": "What do you use for a general-purpose counter when there are more that 10?",
"view_count": 432
} | [
{
"body": "For general purposes, if you don't know a more specific one to apply, the\ncommon practice is to use 個【こ】. In limited cases I've heard it advised to use\njust the number without a counter as well, but I generally try to avoid this\nif possible.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T21:05:56.763",
"id": "15476",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-18T21:05:56.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15475",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15475 | 15476 | 15476 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15484",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't get what 少しでも and と mean in this sentence (from a manga) :\n\n> 人々の多くは少しでもターゲットになりにくそうな僻地に身を隠そうとムダな努力を始めていた。\n\nI remember reading that the conditional と couldn't be use with the volitional\nform so I guess it relates to 始める, but I have no idea what AとBを始める would\nmean...\n\nMy guess as to a translation (eluding 少しでも):\n\n> Many people started to make useless efforts to hide in remote places that\n> looked like they couldn't easily become targets.\n\nThanks for your time.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T21:59:58.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15477",
"last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T02:37:51.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "Meaning of と and 少しでも in this sentence",
"view_count": 632
} | [
{
"body": "I think 少しでも is 少し + でも meaning \"even if a little\". In this sentence, it would\napply to how the hiding place would make it hard to become a target.\nTranslating quite literally:\n\n> 少しでもターゲットになりにくそうな僻地\n>\n> remote places which seemed like making it harder to become targets, even if\n> by a little\n\nAs for と, I'm not completely sure but it may mean \"attempt to do\". See the\nanswer to this question [Volitional + と +\nVerb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9688/volitional-%E3%81%A8-verb).\nIn this case the translation for the second part could be:\n\n> 身を隠そうとムダな努力を始めていた\n>\n> were starting a futile attempt to hide\n\nI would traslated the whole sentence as:\n\n> 人々の多くは少しでもターゲットになりにくそうな僻地に身を隠そうとムダな努力を始めていた。\n>\n> Many people were starting a futile attempt to hide in remote places which\n> seemed like making it harder to become targets, even if by a little.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T02:33:08.283",
"id": "15484",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T05:58:15.363",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"parent_id": "15477",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "[A late answer but there seems to be some misunderstanding of this Japanese\nquotative construction.]\n\nAfter a Volitional + と as in your example, you can assume 思って or 言って or the\nlike, has been elided, so the basic meaning is '[thinking/saying that] they\ncould hide themselves in an isolated place even slightly less susceptible to\nbecoming a target, their effort was wasted.'\n\nSuch quotative constructions are very common, Samuel Martin's Reference\nGrammar of Japanese provides a thorough coverage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-08-26T02:37:51.240",
"id": "100794",
"last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T02:37:51.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40564",
"parent_id": "15477",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 15477 | 15484 | 15484 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can Xの担当 have both of these meanings?\n\nIf so, then without context to disambiguate the two meanings, is one of the\ntwo more commonly used?\n\nFor example, how would you translate the sentence Xの担当を決めたら？To me, it could be\neither \"How about you decide who is in charge of X?\" or \"How about you decide\nwhat X is in charge of?\" If both are grammatically valid translations, then is\none of these more commonly used than the other, or do you have to completely\nrely on context to decide which one?\n\nAlso, this is a vague followup, but does the answer to this question also\ngenerally apply to the construction (noun)の(verb)? Does NのV mean \"something\nthat N does V to\" (N is subject) and \"something that does V to N\" (N is\nobject)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T22:01:04.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15478",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T01:12:28.130",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-24T01:12:28.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "3221",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "Xの担当 - something X is in charge of OR something in charge of X?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "You are exactly right: it can be translated as \"whatever X is in charge of\" or\n\"whoever is in charge of X.\" Thus,\n\n> Xの担当を決めたら？\n\ncan be both \"How about deciding what X is going to be in charge of?\" and \"How\nabout deciding who's going to be in charge of X?\" To give an example,\n\n> 掃除の担当を決めたら？\n\nis \"How about deciding who's going to do the cleaning?\" and\n\n> 太郎の担当を決めたら？\n\nis \"How about deciding what Taro is going to be in charge of?\"\n\nAs for whether this applies in general, I believe it doesn't. Off the top of\nmy head, I can't really come up with a different word that can be an attribute\nof both a person and a non-living thing. Also, I feel like \"Xの担当\" is a noun as\na set and not a combination of noun and verb (I might be wrong about that).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-24T00:46:59.443",
"id": "15550",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T00:46:59.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5212",
"parent_id": "15478",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15478 | null | 15550 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15482",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was browsing through the webpage of Japanese radicals on wikipedia\n(<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_Japanese_kanji_radicals>)\n\nI noticed\n\n# 74 - 月\n\nand\n\n# 130 - 肉\n\nbot entries are referencing in the most right column to the respective other\nradical\n\nI looked furthermore into the KANJIDIC2 kanji-lexicon file and it seems like\nthese two kanjis-radicals are seemingly randomly assigned to kanjis.\n\nAccording to this dictionary, the Kanji 育 has 肉 as radical (which it obviously\nhas not, its 月). I made this observation in many places (I assumed all open\ndictionaries rely on the same public Kanji dictionary?)\n\n```\n\n <literal>育</literal>\n <codepoint>\n <cp_value cp_type=\"ucs\">80b2</cp_value>\n <cp_value cp_type=\"jis208\">16-73</cp_value>\n </codepoint>\n <radical>\n <rad_value rad_type=\"classical\">130</rad_value>\n <rad_value rad_type=\"nelson_c\">8</rad_value>\n </radical>\n \n```\n\nDoes anyone know the (historical) background of this 肉／月 radical\ninterchangeability",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-18T22:14:04.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15479",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T02:04:16.310",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5179",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Kanji radicals: Question to the radical assignment in dictionaries",
"view_count": 320
} | [
{
"body": "it's two radicals drawn the same way. The radical for 肉 looks like 月 in most\ninstances and the radical for 月 looks like 月 in all instances. The former\nradical means \"flesh\" / The latter means time. As to _why_ they changed it, I\ndon't know. Maybe it's just easier to write. But it is known which radical\neach character is using (and generally pretty obvious due to the meaning\ndifference -- nearly every body part contains the にくつき in its character.\n\nIn fact, the only common characters that contain 肉 are [肉]{にく} and [腐]{くさ}る /\n[腐]{ふ}\n\nIt's actually more frequent for the radical drawn as 月 to mean \"flesh\":\n\n肋 あばら/ロク - skin \n肌 はだ/ キ - rib \n...\n\n(if you just click through [radicals for 月](http://jisho.org/kanji/radicals/)\nyou can see how impressively long the list is)\n\nExamples where it's the moon: 前 期 朗 朝",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T01:41:27.087",
"id": "15481",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T02:04:16.310",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-19T02:04:16.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "15479",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Two premises:\n\n 1. Radicals are a method for indexing characters in dictionaries.\n 2. As an element in other characters, the form 月 can represent 肉, 舟, 丹, and 月, among others. \n\nAs you can see, these elements all look rather similar, so it's not surprising\nthat historically they weren't always distinguished in form.\n\nSo when you see a character containing what appears to be 月, how do you know\nwhich Kangxi radical to look it up under? How would you know that 肘 and 服 are\nin different sections of the dictionary if you haven't learned to read these\ncharacters yet?\n\nThe editors of some kanji dictionaries have tried to solve this problem by\nmerging radicals which are visually indistinguishable. For example, the New\nNelson moves all the characters traditionally classified under 月 to 肉 (except\nfor 月 itself). This doesn't really make sense in terms of meaning, but it\nmakes the dictionary easier to use. This merger is especially useful for\nstudents like yourself who see 育 and say that it obviously contains 月.\n\nYou may be interested to know that in characters where 月 represents 丹, it is\nsometimes instead written with 円--specifically in 青 and characters containing\nit such as 錆, 鯖, and 睛.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T01:45:36.257",
"id": "15482",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T01:45:36.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15479",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15479 | 15482 | 15482 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently working on a translation of a song (\"故\" by Gremlins) and I have\nrun into something quite strange... While it is not unusual for Japanese\nlyricists to use kanji with a different meaning than what their singing\nsuggests, or otherwise be creative with their lyrics, I cannot find a\nconnection here, or even understand why he would use these kanji together.\n\nThe lyrics goes like this:\n\n愛が故、枯れる花弁。\n\n哀しき月明かり。\n\n息を沈め、空溶かし、今艶を求む。\n\n降り注ぐ優しき愛で、\n\nあなたを愛憎しむ。\n\n亡きを見つめ、飛び続け、尚、 **供膳を望む**\n\n羽ばたいて。\n\nI am almost a hundred percent certain what he says is 'kuzen wo nozomu' but\nwhile the reading makes sense, I don't actually know what it would mean?\nNozomu looks sligtly different to me too, but that could be the small font in\nthe pamphlet, I am not sure. I haven't been able to find the kanji I see it as\nanywhere...\n\nDoes anyone have any suggestions? The theme is very traditional, so there\ncould be some classical or outdated kanji use involved, but I have no clue.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T00:12:44.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15480",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-13T11:40:49.687",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-13T11:40:49.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "5180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"kanji",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Run-in with an odd use of kanji 「供膳」",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "I found it\n[here](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BE%9B%E8%86%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%84%80).\n\nIt appears to be a very formal word describing when two newlyweds have their\nfirst meal together.\n\nGiven the lyrical content, though, it may be referring to\n[this](http://www.e-butsudan.com/02_ryouguzen.html). 供膳 in this sense refers\nto a ritual where food is left for deceased ancestors. If the person singing\nis staring down death, this may be what it is.\n\n\n\nI am not _totally_ sure either way, though. This is just what I found with\nsome quick searching!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T02:02:32.210",
"id": "15483",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T02:02:32.210",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1797",
"parent_id": "15480",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15480 | null | 15483 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "17838",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My former teacher made us really pay attention to kana stroke order _and_\nstroke types (とめる、はねる、and はらう). Yet when it came to kanji she only made us\nstudy the stroke order. I've noticed that other people also disregard kanji\nstroke type.\n\nWhy is that? Is it because of the sheer amount of information? (It's easy to\nremember a few kana stroke types while the same does not hold true to kanji.)\nWhat do natives have to say about this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T05:04:47.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15485",
"last_activity_date": "2014-07-17T23:02:14.403",
"last_edit_date": "2014-07-16T15:56:55.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kana",
"stroke-order",
"stroke-type"
],
"title": "Kanji stroke type (not stroke order)",
"view_count": 2688
} | [
{
"body": "Not a native, however here are a couple of observations on my part between my\nlearning experience and the semester of 書道 I studied when I was in Japan. 大丈夫\nhas always been a favorite example of mine to use for this topic, because I\ncan't think of any other word in Japanese that composed of more similar, yet\ndifferent, characters. The first two (大丈), in particular, use all of the same\nstrokes and types of strokes, just with the short leg offset to the left a\nbit.\n\nLikewise, if you compare 夫 with 天, a slight change in positioning can produce\na radically different character. In this case, however, you also have the\nlengths of the horizontal strokes to help provide an additional clue in the\ncase of sloppy handwriting, as 夫 has the longer stroke on bottom while 天 has\nit on top.\n\nGoing beyond the mere positioning of similar strokes, however, using the right\ntype of stroke can make a big difference in some cases, especially if it ends\nin a hook or a sweep. For an example that uses both of these, let's look at 月.\nIf we ignored the sweep on the left vertical stroke and the hook on the\nright—just drawing straight lines that extended further downward—it can cause\nconfusion as to whether it's supposed to be 月 or a sloppily-written 日 whose\nbottom stroke was written a bit too high.\n\nLikewise, the types of strokes _and_ their positioning matters for making sure\nthat 人, 入, and 八 all remain distinct. In the case of 入 and 八, the right-hand\nstrokes both have a flat that points off to the left prior to descending\n(though in some fonts this may be optional in the case of 八). In both cases,\nhowever, making sure that the strokes are connected at the top for 人 and 入\nhelps prevent confusion with 八, and vice versa.\n\nThese are just a few examples off the top of my head from someone who's\nprobably spent far too much time studying kanji. If I get a chance tomorrow,\nI'll see about adding some pictures to illustrate the points a little bit\nbetter.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T05:43:53.823",
"id": "15487",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T05:43:53.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think that in elementary school stroke type (at least はねる) is definitely\nregarded an important part of learning kanji.\n\nFor instance, the kanji [竹 is a first-year\ncharacter](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E5%88%A5%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%85%8D%E5%BD%93%E8%A1%A8)\nand the hook on the last stroke is an important part. I think that most\nelementary schools would take marks off (i.e. not ◯ but △) for omitting the\nhook in a test.\n\n(The hook is even part of ゴシック fonts, which often don't detail はらう or とめる.)\n\nWhen written in pen or pencil, とめる and はらう are much harder to identify and\nproduce and are often neglected.\n\nIn any case, stroke type is definitely taught in elementary school. I don't\nknow why your teacher chose not to teach you stroke type. One reason may be\nthat she assumes you'll be sensitive enough to stroke type once she showed you\nhow important it was (for kana).\n\nIf you feel you need more practice, I can highly recommend practice books\n(like [this\none](http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%B7%B4%E7%BF%92%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88-%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A61%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%9F-%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E5%BC%8F-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%88%E3%81%A6%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8F-%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AB/dp/403921210X/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_1/376-5671165-6516813?ie=UTF8&refRID=1KEQB622NW5R51SVQAF1))\nfor school children for developing nice handwriting. (Many foreigners I've\nseen try to imitate a 明朝 font...)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-07-16T16:23:27.717",
"id": "17838",
"last_activity_date": "2014-07-17T23:02:14.403",
"last_edit_date": "2014-07-17T23:02:14.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "15485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 15485 | 17838 | 17838 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15516",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This is the kind of simple question I'm often too embarrassed to ask, because\nI should probably know this by now. But here goes...\n\nI was ordering something at a cafe, and I noticed some slightly awkward\nEnglish on the menu something that made me laugh. It wasn't super funny or\nanything, it just caught me a little off guard. The cashier noticed me laugh\nand looked puzzled. So I pointed at the text and said:\n\n> これを笑{わら}わせた。\n\nThis happens all the time where I speak off the cuff, and then after the\nmoment has passed, I realize I almost certainly said it wrong. Unfortunately,\nunlike other cultures, in Japan people rarely call you out. The cashier didn't\nlook at me like \"what the hell did you just say?\", she just smiled. Leaving me\nunsure if I basically spoke complete nonsense and she was being nice, or that\nmaybe I was close enough and she couldn't be bothered to offer any\nadjustments.\n\nPassive and causative verb forms and the right particles to go with them have\nalways been a source of trouble for me.\n\nI think I should have said:\n\n> 僕{ぼく}を笑{わら}わせた\n\nI am the thing being made to laugh, so it's acting on me, so I take the\nparticle `を`. However, I want to make the thing I'm pointing at the focus of\nmy sentence, not me. So, maybe I should have said:\n\n> これで笑{わら}わせた\n\nIn a sense, I was made to laugh _by_ this thing I'm pointing at. It's a\nshortened form of:\n\n> (僕{ぼく}に)これで笑{わら}わせた。\n\nI often turn out to be totally wrong, so, am I wrong again? What would be the\nbest way for me to express, while pointing at the text on the menu, \" _this_\nmade me laugh\"?\n\n* * *\n\nAlso see [this question and answer about the causative and passive forms of\n笑](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6864/119) for related information. A\njoke is an interesting edge case, because, as explained in answers below, a\nthing has no animacy, so it doesn't \"make\" people laugh, but a joke is the\nresult of actions between people, so in a sense, the joke us a proxy that can\nbe said to \"make\" people laugh.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T05:12:14.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15486",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-25T08:16:50.680",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How do I express \"this made me laugh\"?",
"view_count": 9885
} | [
{
"body": "「いや、これがおかしくて・・・。」could be what you want. \"Well, (I am laughing) because this\nlooks funny.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T10:29:24.157",
"id": "15492",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T14:12:31.013",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-21T14:12:31.013",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5186",
"parent_id": "15486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "If a Japanese sentence contains a noun with high animacy or (linguistic)\nsympathy and a noun with less animacy or sympathy, the former takes the\nposition of the subject.\n\nIf there are you and the menu, you have to compose a sentence with you being\nthe subject.\n\nIf you say これで笑わせた, people only think you made someone laugh using the menu or\nsomeone made someone else (not you) laugh, either of which don't make much\nsense in the context of the case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T05:28:12.607",
"id": "15511",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T05:28:12.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "15486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "笑わせた(笑わせる) is the causative form of 笑う(笑った), so \n\n> これを笑わせた。 \n>\n\nmeans \"(I) made it laugh.\" \n\n> 僕を笑わせた。 \n>\n\nmeans \"(Something) made me laugh\", so logically speaking this statement would\nbe correct in your situation. \n\n> これで笑わせた。 \n>\n\nwould mean \"(I) made (someone) laugh with this.\" (I think the で works as an\ninstrumental/具格 case here) \n\n> (僕に)これで笑わせた。 \n>\n\ndoesn't make much sense. Probably you meant to type: \n\n> (僕を)これで笑わせた。 \n>\n\n? But this is more like \"(Someone) made me laugh with this.\" \n\"This made me laugh\" literally translates to: \n\n> これが僕を笑わせた。 \n>\n\nHowever, normally you don't say it this way in Japanese, because the Japanese\nlanguage tends to avoid using [無生物主語(inanimate\nsubject)](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E%E6%A7%8B%E6%96%87)\n(as user4092's post states), especially in verbal/casual communication. So I\nthink you should say it more like this: \n\n> (僕は)これで笑ったんですよ。/笑ってしまったんですよ。(I) laughed because of this. \n> (僕は)これにorこれを笑ったんですよ。/笑ってしまったんですよ。(I) laughed at this. \n> これが(ちょっと)おかしかったので、(僕は)笑ってしまいました。/笑ってしまったんですよ。 etc.\n\n... using 僕 as the subject. (The 僕は is normally left out.)\n\n* * *\n\nTo sound even more natural, you could just say like\n「(いや、)(ちょっと)これがおかしかったんで・・・」「(あぁ、いやぁ、)この英語が(ちょっと)おかしかったんで・・・」etc., as @Haruo\nsays.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T13:54:23.657",
"id": "15516",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-25T08:16:50.680",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-25T08:16:50.680",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] | 15486 | 15516 | 15516 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15493",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've come across two different words for \"to dry\" in my readings: 干す【ほす】 and\n乾く【かわく】. I've seen both used to refer to things drying out (e.g. 「白妙の衣干すちょう」\nfrom the 2nd poem in the 百人一首 or 「涙は乾いた」 in the case of the latter). I've also\nseen the related 渇く【かわく】, but that seems to be limited to topics related to\nthirst (e.g. 渇いた喉).\n\nCan anyone provide some insight into when each is appropriate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T06:34:34.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15488",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T10:30:25.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Choosing the right form of \"to dry\"",
"view_count": 3845
} | [
{
"body": "干す and 乾かす are transitive and 乾く is intransitive. 乾かす is a general word for\n'to dry' and 干す is to dry by hanging or in the sunshine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T09:22:35.063",
"id": "15491",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T09:22:35.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "15488",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "As user5185's answer says, 干す is usually used for things that are left out in\nthe sun to dry, such as laundry or foods, as in 干し柿 or 干しいか. 乾かす is more of a\ngeneral term that doesn't necessarily involve desiccation, and usually\ninvolves taking action to do the drying, e.g. drying one's hair, drying\nlaundry in a drying machine, wiping tears from someone's face, etc. 乾燥する is\nalong the same lines.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T12:36:11.210",
"id": "15493",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T10:30:25.883",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-24T10:30:25.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "5187",
"parent_id": "15488",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 15488 | 15493 | 15491 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can somebody help me with the translation for\n\n>\n> 実際にうつ病やアルツハイマーの治療として、女性患者に化粧やヘアチェンジを実践することもあるくらいです。お化粧はテンションをあげてくれるお薬でもあるんですね。\n\nI came up with this\n\n> Did you know (or truthfully), as a treatment for depression or Alzheimer's,\n> female patients will practice using make-up or change their hair colour?\n> Cosmetics are a medicine that can heighten your tension\n\nI'm really not sure about the second sentence.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T06:57:56.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15489",
"last_activity_date": "2014-11-07T21:23:29.373",
"last_edit_date": "2014-11-07T21:23:29.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "6840",
"owner_user_id": "5184",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How do I translate this small passage about make-up, depression, and Alzheimer?",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "There are several places where I think you're getting the translation wrong\n(not something I am beyond myself).\n\n> 実際にうつ病やアルツハイマーの治療として、女性患者に化粧やヘアチェンジを実践もあるくらいです。\n\nDid you know (or truthfully), as a treatment for depression or alsheimers,\nfemale patients will practice using make-up or change their hair colour?\nCosmetics are a medicine that can heighten your tension\n\n実際に = in reality [I'm not sure why you're making it a question] YのXとして = as an\nX for Y 女性患者に = to female patients 化粧やヘアチェンジ = changing their hairstyle or\nmakeup (not necessarily just hair color) を実践もあるくらいです = also appear to be\npractical. <-- on this point, you seem to be misunderstanding how 実践 means\npractice. It doesn't mean 練習 as in doing something, it means practical as in\nhaving a practical.\n\nSo all of that brought together = In reality, changing hair styles or\ncosmetics when used as medical treatment, appears to have a practical effect\nfor female patients.\n\n> お化粧はテンションをあげてくれるお薬でもあるんですね\n\n= Cosmetics are a medicine that can raise your spirits, aren't they?\n\n(taking テンションをあげてくれる to mean \"can raise your mood/spirits\")\n\n* * *\n\nBut noel_lapin suggests, this definitely doesn't sound like academic Japanese.\nIs this from cancan's sister publication or something?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T08:10:01.600",
"id": "15490",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-19T08:10:01.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "15489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It's parsed as\n\n> [実際に(うつ病やアルツハイマーの治療として)、{(女性患者に)(化粧やヘアチェンジを)実践することもある}]くらいです。 \n>\n\nThe subject for 実践する(carry out in practice) is not written here but it should\nbe 医者(doctor), 医療機関(medical institution) or 病院(hospital), or maybe 家族(family). \n\n実際に in practice, in fact, \nうつ病やアルツハイマーの治療として as a treatment for depression or Alzheimer's, \n**病院が hospitals, ← subject** \n女性患者に on female patients, \n化粧やヘアチェンジを make-up or change of hair-style ←object \n実践する carry out in practice ← verb \nこともある There are cases where... ; in some cases \nくらいです。even... \n\nSo it literally means:\n\n> In fact, there are even cases where they(=hospitals/doctors) carry out in\n> practice make-up or change of hair-style on their female patients as a\n> treatment for depression or Alzheimer's.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-24T06:47:52.867",
"id": "15552",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-24T06:47:52.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "15489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15489 | null | 15552 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15496",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't get what するとみた and よくばって means in this sentence :\n\n> よくばってかなり時間オーバーをするとみた。\n\nAs for the context : the speaker is waiting for someone to get out of a room.\nHe just said :\n\n> まる1日ちょうどで出て来るとは限らんぞ。\n\nRikaichan tells me that 欲張る means \"to covet, to lust for\" but that doesn't\nhelp much...\n\nAnd I wasn't able to find any information on するとみる.\n\nThanks for your time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T19:21:22.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15494",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T00:07:58.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of ~するとみる and よくばる in this sentence",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "見る can mean \"to judge or expect through observation\" (good dictionaries have\nthat definition). So, that's \"I expect he gets greedy and far exceeds the time\nlimit\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T00:07:58.057",
"id": "15496",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T00:07:58.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "15494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15494 | 15496 | 15496 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One aspect that contributes to the very high legibility of the Latin alphabet\nis that the letters have ascenders and descenders which creates a\ncharacteristic silhouette for different words. This way, a word can even be\nread when the top or bottom 50% is cut away. Additionally, it speeds up the\nreading.\n\n\n\nIn Japanese, all characters have the same height and no ascenders or\ndescenders. Sometimes, Kanji are set bigger than Kana which improves\nlegibility. But writing kana with ascenders and descenders is uncommon.\n\nI saw it written that way on a beer ad in the Tokio metro, ハ was as big as x,\nsome characters were descending like p and some ascending like h. I\nunfortunately do not have a photo of it and forgot which characters were\nhigher and which ones lower.\n\nIs there a preferred way of setting the kana like this? Which kana should be x\nhigh, which ones cap high and which ones descending and which ones ascending?\n\n\"That concept doesn't exist in Japanese\". But it is being used and does\nimprove legibility. We don't have to do something the way we always did.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-19T23:30:08.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15495",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-22T03:12:40.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3484",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"handwriting",
"typesetting"
],
"title": "On the legibility of Japanese writing (compared to the Latin alphabet with its variable letter height) – What's the correct kana height?",
"view_count": 1098
} | [
{
"body": "Part of the reason why kanji are often written larger than kana is because it\nimproves their legibility due to their more complex nature.\n\nAs a matter of what is considered standard, all characters in Japanese are\nintended to occupy a box of a set, uniform size. That said, kana have a bit\nmore room for variation when you get into handwriting, especially if you get\ninto 書道【しょどう】 and/or 縦書き【たてがき】. Due to the free-flowing nature of Japanese\ncalligraphy, kana have a tendency to become elongated—し can extend to look\nlike a long, slightly curving line without any hook whatsoever, while the end\nof の can trail off for a while, doubling its height. This also carries over\ninto signage to an extent, especially where a calligraphic feel is desired.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T03:15:10.763",
"id": "15497",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T03:15:10.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4914",
"parent_id": "15495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "As I was randomly browsing through _Remembering the Kanji Volume 3_ , I found\nwhat I was looking for.\n\nThe kana in this book are set in a font in which the height difference between\nsmaller kana like ロ or ハ and larger kana like イ or さ is more accentuated.\nAdditionally, in katakana, there seems to be a baseline and median line\nrunning through the characters such that smaller katakana are x high and\nlarger kana having ascenders and descenders. The start and end of the strokes\nalso seem to be following those two lines. It's less pronounced in hiragana\nthough where the first stroke of い is starting slightly above the median line\nand its hane going slightly below the baseline.\n\n\n\nCompared to a font in which the the differences are not as pronounced, it\nlooks like this. Both the baseline and median line are followed only loosely.\nWhile in the above font, the first stroke of イ ends on the baseline, it's not\nthe case here. In the above font, the hook of さ starts exactly at the\nbaseline, here, the baseline is ignored.\n\n\n\nThus, the proportions are as follows:\n\n * In both fonts, kana are vertically centered.\n * In the font on the top (where the height differences are more pronounced), large kana are roughly at 95% the size of kanji and small kana at 50%.\n * In the font on the bottom (where the baseline or median line is not closely followed), large kana are at 90% the size of kanji and small kana at 60%.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-22T03:12:40.453",
"id": "15526",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-22T03:12:40.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3484",
"parent_id": "15495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 15495 | null | 15526 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In [a recent\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15057/usage-\ncorrectness-of-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8-after-verbs), we talked about using\nsentence-ending 〜だと after a verb, quoting something you found surprising. The\nexample given in the linked question is as follows:\n\n> Ａ「なんでもします！」 \n> Ｂ「なんでもする **だと!?** 」\n\nI'm curious what variations だと can take with this usage. I can think of four,\nsubstituting です for だ and substituting って for と:\n\n * だと\n * だって\n * ですと\n * ですって\n\nWhich of these variations are possible with this usage? Did I leave any\nvariations out?\n\n(Unfortunately, I'm not sure where to look this up. For some reason,\ndictionaries don't seem to list だと, even though its usage seems to be\ndifferent from a simple combination of だ and と.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T11:21:07.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15498",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-29T03:12:11.190",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Variations on sentence-ending 「〜だと!?」 (used when repeating something in surprise)",
"view_count": 389
} | [
{
"body": "「なんでもするの!?」can fit as well.\n\nWhen you use these variations, you send a message that what you've just found\nis just too hard to believe and you want some kind of additional information\nor assistance that helps you accept it. They're almost like a question.\n\nTherefore, not only「なんでもするの!?」 but also phrases like\n「なんでもするんですか!?」「なんでもするって本当!?」can replace all the variations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-27T10:51:52.373",
"id": "15618",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-27T10:51:52.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4936",
"parent_id": "15498",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You can add the standalone \"～だ!?\" or \"～だぁ!?\" to the list. It's even rougher\nthan \"～だと!?\", and it's used almost exclusively in fiction.\n\n> 何でもするだぁ!?\n\n\"～だと!?\", \"～だって!?\", and \"～ですって!?\" are very common, at least in fiction. \"～ですと\n!?\" exists but it's rather rare and sounds a bit comical to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-11T17:54:22.963",
"id": "60031",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-11T17:54:22.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "15498",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15498 | null | 60031 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15524",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have this sentence in my JLPT practise book:\n\n> テレビでもパソコンでも、 **なかったらなかったで** なんとかなるものだよ。\n\nIt's part of a review question about the grammatical form `～たら～たで`, which I\nunderstand to mean something close to \"whether or not\". One example they give\nis `電話{でんわ}に出{で}たら出{で}たで`, which I think means \"whether or not the phone is\nanswered\". Perhaps I am wrong about this grammatical form.\n\nWith the sentence above, I have a vague semblance of parts, but they are not\ncoming together. It's something like, \"Television or personal computers,\nwhether you have them or not, you'll manage somehow\"...? I know that `なんとかなる`\nis \"manage somehow\", and `もの` in this case is probably referring to some\nreason or matter.\n\nMy current, unsatisfactory, translation seems way too vague to be right. What\nexactly does this sentence mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T11:54:42.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15499",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T14:38:48.217",
"last_edit_date": "2015-04-02T00:37:18.330",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is this sentence using ～たら～たで trying to say about televisions and computers?",
"view_count": 5798
} | [
{
"body": "「電話に出たら出たで」 is hard to explain... maybe you might understand if I give you\nsome examples:\n\n * 「電話に出たら出たで礼儀正しく話しなさい。」 If you did answer the phone, then speak politely.\n * 「食べ終わったなら終わったで食器を下げなさい。」 If you did finish the meal, put away the dishes.\n\nIn this case,\n\n> テレビでもパソコンでも、なかったらなかったでなんとかなるものだよ。\n\nmeans:\n\n> Be it a television or a computer, you'll live fine without them.\n\nAccording to this [link](http://okwave.jp/qa/q3825667.html) here, 「やったらやったで」\ncan be swapped into 「やったとしたら、やったということで」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T13:51:43.477",
"id": "15502",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T13:08:49.953",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-21T13:08:49.953",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3110",
"parent_id": "15499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "□□したらしたで、＋ ○○しなさい\n\n○○ is the appropriate action under the situation □□. If □□ is true, the\nlistener should do ○○. ○○ can be anything expressing request or suggestions.\n\nExample 2,3 are from Greek Fellows's answer.\n\n```\n\n 1.1. したならしたで、正直に言いなさい\n if you have done it(=□□) admit it(=○○) \n \n 1.2. 電話に出(=□)たら出たで、礼儀正しく話し(=○)なさい\n if you have to answer the phone(=□□), speak politely(=○○) \n \n 1.3. 食べ終わったなら終わったで、食器を下げなさい。\n if you have finished the meal(=□□), put away the dishes(=○○) \n \n```\n\n* * *\n\n□□したらしたで + ○○\n\nIt doesn't matter even if □□した. ○○ is the reason or conclusion.\n\n```\n\n 2.1. なかったらなかったで、何とかなるものさ\n it doesn't matter if we don't have it (=□□),\n because we can live without it (=○○)\n \n 2.2. 便せんがなかったらないで、コピー用紙でもかまいません。 (from Tim's post)\n it doesn't matter if we don't have letter writing paper (=□□),\n because photocopy paper will do (=○○)\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\n□□したらしたで + また○○\n\nIf □□ is not true, it is ●●. If □□ is true then it will become ○○.\n\n●● is a not-so-good situation. ○○ is another one. It's a little contrastive.\n\nTim's example\n\n```\n\n 3.1. 庭があったらあったで、草むしりが大変だ。\n Not having a garden is not good (=●●).\n But if we have a garden (=□□), we will have to weed it. (=○○)\n \n 3.2 若者が主張したらしたで「生意気だ」「甘えるな」と言われ、\n 主張しなかったらしなかったで「内向き」「覇気がない」と言われる。\n \n 3.3 大学に入ったら入ったで、お金がかかって大変。\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\n□□したらしたで + ○○\n\n□□ is bad, but but it can't be helped. ○○ is a kind of compromise.\n\n```\n\n 4.1. 負けたら負けたで、次で取り返そう\n \n 4.2. 断られたら断られたで、仕方ない\n \n 4.3. 病気になったらなったで、喜んで薬を飲む\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nSometimes, I feel it □□したらしたで○○ simply means □□ has a corresponding result. ○○\nis the result.\n\nSentences from 日本語表現文型辞典\n\n```\n\n 5.1. プロになったらなったで、厳しい競争があるものさ。\n \n 5.2. 「話によると、あの子、名門中学に合格したそうよ」\n 「あんな秀才ぞろいの受験校だと、入ったら入ったで、苦労すると思うよ。」\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T11:44:55.053",
"id": "15515",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-23T15:45:32.950",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-23T15:45:32.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "4833",
"owner_user_id": "4833",
"parent_id": "15499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "You already seem to understand the expression quite well so it is difficult to\nadd to what you have said but the expression can also be used to say something\nis \"nice to have (but not critical)\". FWIW, I think the literal meaning of\nあったらあったで is:\n\n> \"If we have it, we have it (and if we don't, we don't) but anyway/either\n> way.....\"\n\nPerhaps, rather than analyse the logic of the grammar, it might be easier to\naccept it as a set pattern and listen to when it is used. With luck after a\nwhile you will recognise it from the situation (my experience anyway).\n\nAs for your example, without knowing more about the context, I would say it\nmeans something along the lines of:\n\n> \"Its nice to have modern amenities like PCs and TVs but we can get by\n> without them.\"\n\nOr, if you want a more literal translation:\n\n> \"If we did not have modern amenities like PCs or TVs, well, we wouldn't have\n> them. But we'd still get by, somehow.\"\n\nIf your textbook does not give any more context then that is probably because\nthe writer thought it is easy to imagine somebody saying it as a comment on\nthe modern world and the meaning is considered clear from なんとかなるものだ.\n\nI guess you have other examples but here are couple from my old book\n(日本語総まとめ）which gives translations:\n\n> 庭があったらあったで、草むしりが大変だ。 (=あるのはいいが、その場合は) \n> It is nice to have a garden but someone has to do the weeding.\n>\n> 便せんがなかったらないで、コピー用紙でもかまいません。(=あったらいいが、ない場合は) \n> If there is no letter writing paper available, photocopy paper will do.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-22T00:30:01.797",
"id": "15524",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T14:38:48.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-22T14:38:48.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"parent_id": "15499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15499 | 15524 | 15515 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Over on [this awesome answer about old and unused katakana\nforms](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/15120/119), I notice that among\nthe examples is the word \"valve\", written as `ヷァルブ`. It has a small `ァ`\ncharacter in addition to the `ヷ` that precedes it. What puzzles me is that I\ncan't imagine how `ヷァルブ` would be pronounced any differently than `ヷルブ`. Maybe\nthe small `ァ` does the same thing as `ー`, but then why not write it as `ヷールブ`?\nAlso, I'm no expert on katakanization of English, but I wouldn't think\nextending the vowel sound in \"valve\" would be the right way to convert it.\n\n`ヷァルブ` might be an archaic way of writing \"valve\" that is no longer in use,\nbut it reminded me of a store I pass by on my bike now and again, called\n[`サァラ麻布{あざぶ}`](http://www.sala-azabu.co.jp/). I've never been interested in\nthe furniture they sell, but the name has always caught my attention. They\nwrite the English version of their name as \"[Sala Azabu](http://www.sala-\nazabu.co.jp/index_e.html)\". If I had seen the English first and someone asked\nme to write it in katakana, I'd have simply gone with `サラ`.\n\nWhat is the small `ァ` character doing in these instances? How is `サァ`\npronounced differently from `サー` or `サ`?",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T12:24:11.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15500",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T16:43:40.340",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Why does this store named サァラ have a small ァ in the name?",
"view_count": 669
} | [
{
"body": "### On the pronunciation\n\nサ has a length of 1 mora, サァ and サー are both 2 mora.\n\n> 前の音があ段の音の場合は、長音と同じように扱う。 If an A-row sound precedes it, ァ is treated just\n> like ー.\n\n### On the usage\n\nUsually used in foreign words.\n\n> 主に外来語や方言において使用される。 Mainly used in foreign or dialectal words.\n\n### Source\n\n<http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%81>\n\nSee also <http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T15:48:19.913",
"id": "15503",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T16:43:40.340",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-20T16:43:40.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "3484",
"owner_user_id": "3484",
"parent_id": "15500",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 15500 | null | 15503 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15506",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "硬{かた}い, 堅{かた}い, and 固{かた}い all have very similar meaning and can be generally\ntranslated to English as \"hard, tough, solid, stiff\". Yet it seems that\ndifferent kanji are used in different situations. From what I could gather,\nthe differences might be:\n\n * 硬い is used especially for stone or metal (e.g. 硬い石),\n\n * 堅い is used for wood (e.g. 堅い材木); it also means stiff, formal (e.g. 堅い言葉),\n\n * 固い means stiff, not flexible (e.g. 固いカラー); also means stubborn, unyielding (e.g. 固い約束).\n\nAm I right? There seem to be spellings used for wood, stone or metal, what\nabout other substances? Are there situations where those kanji are\ninterchangable or maybe the word is written using hiragana as かたい?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T12:24:24.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15501",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T01:37:58.643",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-20T20:42:14.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji",
"spelling"
],
"title": "硬い・堅い・固い - how are different spellings used?",
"view_count": 4327
} | [
{
"body": "This has an entry in the\n[異字同訓漢字の使い分け例](http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/bunkasingi/pdf/ijidoukun_140221.pdf).\nMy answer will basically just be a quick translation and notes on that entry.\n\n> 【堅い】中身が詰まっていて強い。確かである。 \n> 堅い材木。堅い守り。手堅い商売。合格は堅い。口が堅い。堅苦しい。 \n> 【固い】結び付きが強い。揺るがない。 \n> 団結が固い。固い友情。固い決意。固く信じる。頭が固い。 \n> 【硬い】（⇔軟らかい）。外力に強い。こわばっている。 \n> 硬い石。硬い殻を割る。硬い表現。表情が硬い。選手が緊張で硬くなっている。\n\n堅 is for stuff that's _strong_ or _certain_. Stiff, as you say, might be a\ngood word also. Something that is in itself firm and hard, as in wood, or\ncertain, like passing a test.\n\n固 is for something that has a sense of being strongly _interconnected_ (結びつき)\nor _unwavering_ (揺るがない). So like 団結が固い, strongly united, or 固い決意, where\nsomeone might be said to have firm resolve. Note this is the kanji in words\nlike 頑固 as well (stubborn).\n\n硬い is \"hard\" in the most basic sense of \"the opposite of soft.\" It has literal\n\"hard\" meaning, like a rock, but refers metaphorically to being unresponsive\nto outside stimuli in the way that a hard object resists outside forces, as in\nfor example your facial expression. The entry mentions some athlete who\nfreezes up from nervousness. 硬い表現 refers to an expression that is \"hard\" in\nthe sense that its meaning is precise and clear: there's no wiggle room for\ninterpretation or emotion. In that sense the word/expression is \"hard.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T00:03:12.270",
"id": "15506",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T01:37:58.643",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-21T01:37:58.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1797",
"parent_id": "15501",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] | 15501 | 15506 | 15506 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15505",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have the following sentence to translate.\n\n```\n\n 行ってほしくないと言われたが\n 新聞記者になりたいので\n 国際交換瑠学生の試験に受からなくても行くことにした\n \n```\n\nSo far I have the following.\n\n```\n\n It was said ... doesn't want ... to go but\n he wants to become a newspaper reporter so\n he decided to go even if he doesn't pass the international exchange student exam\n \n```\n\nI am having trouble with that first segment. I think the `てほしい` structure is\nused to say you want someone to do something for you. So I don't get who is\nnot wanting who to go. If the subject just didn't want to go, I would expect\n`行きたくない`.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T22:36:43.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15504",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T22:51:46.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "2953",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Wanting Someone To Do Something (てほしい Structure)",
"view_count": 2372
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct in your understanding that ～てほしい is used when saying what you\nwant others to do. 言われた is the passive, so the subject, literally, \"was told\n'I don't want you to go'\". 行ってほしくない is what they were told by someone else.\n\nThe main point of this passage is that the subject intends to go despite being\ntold by someone that they don't want them to go.\n\nAs as sidenote regarding translation, it might just be me being sleepy here\nbut I don't think a literal translation of the grammar results in very natural\nEnglish. Some solutions might be to get rid of the passive (\"They told me they\ndon't want me to go but...\") or change the \"want\" (\"I was told not to go/...I\nshouldn't go but...\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-20T22:51:46.387",
"id": "15505",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-20T22:51:46.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "15504",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15504 | 15505 | 15505 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15509",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In this [question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15467/this-\nmother-doesnt-know-her-own-child/15468?noredirect=1#comment33694_15468), we\nare presently trying to better understand the function of the は that happens\nhere:\n\n> 当時{とうじ}母{はは}がどんな気持{きも}ちだったのか、子{こ}どもの私{わたし}には知{し}るべくもないことだった。\n\nmeaningwhise, we are all agreed that the sentence means:\n\n> As a child I had no way of knowing how my mother felt at that time.\n\n(I'm just going with ssb's translation).\n\nMy question here is: can the は after 子供の私に be removed or does that make the\nsentence ungrammatical? / Is this は just a topic marker? a topic marker and a\ncontrastive marker? or something further?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T02:21:35.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15507",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T23:31:46.047",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the は doing in this sentence?",
"view_count": 467
} | [
{
"body": "Edit:\n\nI just remembered that there is a には which can not be replaced by に or は. It's\nsimilar to にとっては, which might fit better here. e.g.\n\n```\n\n それは私にはどうでもいいことだ\n その頃の私には、夢にも思っていなかった事だ\n \n```\n\nThis kind of には is inherently contrastive so you always use は. (But にとって is\nstill contrastive without は, it's a litter hard to explain.)\n\nWhether this には in included in the scope of the subordinate clause is a little\ntricky. You can say something like:\n\n```\n\n わたしには、それは、大切な宝物です。\n 子供の私には、それは、知るべくもないことだった。\n \n```\n\nBut you can definitely use it in subordinate clauses without dropping the は.\n\nI can't find much explanation in dictionaries. 大辞林 has only a single line for\nit:\n\n```\n\n 「…にとっては」の意を表す。 「ぼく－，ぼくの考えがある」\n \n```\n\nBut it's not clear if this には is に + は, e.g. people say\n\n```\n\n 私にいい考えがある\n \n```\n\n大辞泉 does not mention this usage.\n\nThe following is a part of the original answer.\n\n* * *\n\nI personally believe “topic は” cannot be solely semantically defined, because\nI can't find reasonable criteria and even Japanese linguists seem to disagree\non the scope of “topic は”. e.g. some linguists consider “には” and “では” as\n“contrastive は”, while some think they are “topic は”.\n\nIf we talk about the “topic は”, I think we usually means:\n\n 1. It's often used in the main clause and can't be omitted\n\n 2. It's often not used in subordinate clauses.\n\nFor other kinds of は, they may freely appear in relative clauses.\n\nThe structure of your sentence can be understood as follows\n\n> [...]どんな[...]だったのか(、それ)は、子供の私には知るべくもないことだった。\n\nIn this sentence, the は appears in a subordinate clause, so it's not likely to\nbe a topic は.\n\nI also think “contrastive は” is the origin of all other はs. Different はs may\nfunctionally overlap so it's possible a single は has several functions or\nseveral different は appears in the same sentence.\n\nArguably “topic は” is always contrastive, because everything is different.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T04:29:57.640",
"id": "15509",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T08:07:43.130",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-21T08:07:43.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "4833",
"owner_user_id": "4833",
"parent_id": "15507",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "When we get in to complicated sentences the black and white grammatical rules\nbecome harder to apply but if we analyse the sentence:\n\n> 母がどんな気持だったのか、子どもの私には知るべくもないことだった。\n\nThen my non-native parsing is that:\n\n> 母がどんな気持だったのか、＝\"topic/subject\"(I'll come back to that)\n>\n> ~ことだった= nominaliser linked to the \"topic/subject\"\n>\n> 知るべくもない= item being nominalized=characteristic of topic/subject, in this\n> case something that could not be known to me at the time. \"Known to me\" is\n> somewhat literary way of saying \"understood by me\"\n\nRegarding the には: it seems to equate to \"by\" or even \"to\" as in \"something\nthat could not be known BY/TO me [as a child].\n\nI agree with Yang Muye, that the \"には\"is close to \"にとっては” and, very\nconveniently, I have found the following sentence in spaceALC:\n\n> 私にとっては望むべくもないことだった。 \n> I hardly dared （to） hope for it.\n\nWhen I said you could drop the は and it would still be grammatical I meant it\nin exactly the same way that you could drop it from にとっては and the meaning\nwould still be pretty clear, ie にとって＝to me, after all, it is not unusual for\nにしてー＞に. If the sentence was spoken then perhaps the は could be replaced with a\npause (?)\n\n_Topic/subject_ \nIn the sentence \"私にとっては望むべくもないことだった\" the topic/subject (ie \"it\") is not stated\nbut \"それは” would suffice. In the same way I parsed \"母がどんな気持だったのか、\" as the\n\"topic/subject\" of our sentence.\n\nTo me the \"、” is marking the topic/subject as は would in the construction\nAはBことだった. Of course you could not follow か with は, but the question does not\narise because the that is not what the writer has done anyway.\n\nThe は that follows に is helping to make the contrast between the writer at the\ntime of writing and as a child and is drawing the readers attention to what\nfollows.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T15:43:33.450",
"id": "15520",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T23:31:46.047",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1556",
"parent_id": "15507",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15507 | 15509 | 15509 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "15510",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is my understanding:\n\n\"どうしよう **もない** \" is a complete sentence. (There is nothing that can be done.) \n\"noun + **もない** \" is the sentence structure.\n\ntherefore: \"どうしよう\" = \"noun\"\n\n\"どうする\" is a sentence ending with a verb (ie. not a noun). \nIs \"どうしよう\" a noun? Is it the same part of speech as \"どうする\"? <--- _question #1_\n\nIf \"どうする\" = [part of speech] = \"どうしょう\", then \"どうしようもない\" is not grammatically\ncorrect. A verb cannot be the subject.\n\nSo, there are 3 ways to change a verb to noun: \n(#1) \"する事\" \n(#2) \"する物\" \n(#3) \"するのparticle\"\n\n\"noun+もない\" needs a noun as the subject. \n\"どうする\" surely is the subject in \"どうしようもない\", but \"どうする\" is a verb. \nso, using method #3, we use a particle to change \"どうする\" into a noun. The\nparticle is \"も\".\n\nTherefore, is the phrase \"どうしよう **の** もない。\" grammatically correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T04:02:36.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15508",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T13:28:53.330",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-21T05:30:27.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "5041",
"owner_user_id": "5194",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "\"どうしようもない\" or \"どうしよう__の__もない\", or neither?",
"view_count": 1119
} | [
{
"body": "しょうがない＝しかたない\n\nしょうもない＝くだらない\n\nどうしょうもない＝もうだめだ\n\nThey are fixed expressions.\n\n* * *\n\nEtymologically, どう＋する＋よう＋も＋ない→どうしようもない→どうしょうもない\n\nよう forms a noun\n\n```\n\n よう やう ［1］ 【様】\n 動詞の連用形の下に付いて，複合語をつくる。\n ( It's attached to the continuatives/infinitives to form compound nouns.)\n ㋑ しかた，方法などの意を表す。 「言い－」 「やり－」\n ( methods, manners. ways to say, ways to do )\n \n```\n\nも is sometimes used in some idiomatic negative constructions, e.g.\n\n```\n\n ～しそうもない\n ～するべくもない\n ～つもりもない\n ～はずもない\n ～しようもない\n \n```\n\nYou can't simply say できそうない/できそうがない/できそうにもない/望むべくない/望むべくがない etc.\n\nIt can't be analyzed as a normal noun + も.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T05:00:48.530",
"id": "15510",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T13:28:53.330",
"last_edit_date": "2014-04-21T13:28:53.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "4833",
"owner_user_id": "4833",
"parent_id": "15508",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 15508 | 15510 | 15510 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading through Tae Kims grammar guide and have just got into the last\nsection. It says that である is the formal state of being.\n\nCan anyone tell me...why is this?\n\nIt would seem logical to me based on what I've learned that であります should be\nthe formal state of being. Does this mean something different?\n\nWhy is である all you need for this formal state of being?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T05:34:42.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "15512",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T05:46:14.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5195",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"formality"
],
"title": "formal state of being",
"view_count": 151
} | [
{
"body": "ます・です forms are basically for the conversation and not really for writings. I\ndon't find です・ます formal though I find them polite.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2014-04-21T05:46:14.100",
"id": "15513",
"last_activity_date": "2014-04-21T05:46:14.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "15512",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 15512 | null | 15513 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.