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Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi
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>> THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS--
THEY EXIST IN EACH OF US.
>> THESE ARE
DEATH-DEALING SINS.
THEY WILL HAVE A SEVERELY
DAMAGING EFFECT
ON ONE'S SPIRITUAL LIFE.
ACCORDING TO CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY,
COMMITTING THESE DEADLY SINS
IS AS SIMPLE AS THINKING
ABOUT THEM.
>> SCRIPTURE SAYS
"THE WAGES OF SIN IS DEATH."
>> EACH OF THESE SINS
HAS A SECRET HISTORY
REVEALING HOW THEY CAME
TO BE DEADLY.
THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
HAVE HAD AN ENORMOUS IMPACT
ON HISTORY, SOCIETY
AND OUR SOULS.
>> YOU CANNOT TRANSGRESS
GOD'S MORAL LAW WITHOUT SOMEONE
PAYING A TERRIBLE PRICE.
>> AND THE DEADLIEST SIN,
THE ONE THAT KILLS, IS ANGER.
>> THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
ARE AN IMPORTANT
CHRISTIAN CONCEPT,
YET THEY DO NOT
ACTUALLY APPEAR
IN THE HOLY BIBLE.
THEY FIRST APPEAR
IN THE DESERTS OF EGYPT
MORE THAN 300 YEARS
AFTER THE NEW TESTAMENT
WAS WRITTEN.
IN ABOUT 375 A.D.,
A MONK NAMED
EVAGRIUS PONTICUS RETREATED
TO A CHRISTIAN MONASTERY.
THERE HE BEGAN
TO CATALOG THE TEMPTATIONS
TO THE HUMAN SOUL
CREATING A LIST
OF THE MOST DANGEROUS.
EVAGRIUS BELIEVED
HE COULD NARROW THE LIST
TO EIGHT TERRIBLE TEMPTATIONS.
AND ANGER WAS THE DEADLIEST.
EVAGRIUS BELIEVED
THAT ANGER'S GREATEST EVIL
WAS THAT IT BLINDED MEN.
HE WROTE--
THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
WOULD NOT BE CODIFIED
UNTIL 590 A.D.,
WHEN POPE GREGORY THE GREAT
RE-EXAMINED THE LIST
OF EVAGRIUS.
>> HE NARROWED THE LIST
TO SEVEN, CHANGED THEIR NAMES
FROM TEMPTATIONS TO SINS
AND PROCLAIMED THEY WERE DEADLY.
>> TO POPE GREGORY
ANGER WAS NOT ONLY SINFUL,
IT WAS COSTLY TO THE SOUL.
HE WROTE--
ANGER IS DEFINED
AS A DESIRE FOR VENGEANCE.
THE BIBLE DESCRIBES
THE EFFECTS OF ANGER
NUMEROUS TIMES
AND THREE DIFFERENT
BIBLICAL STORIES
ACTUALLY REVEAL THE EVOLUTION
OF THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> IN GENESIS,
THE FIRST BOOK
OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
OR HEBREW BIBLE,
NO ONE SEEMS ANGRIER THAN GOD.
IN CHAPTER SIX,
GOD IS AT HIS ANGRIEST
AT HIS GREATEST CREATION
AND DECIDES TO WIPE THE SLATE
CLEAN.
>> HE SENDS A TERRIBLE RAIN
AND FLOOD TO EARTH
FOR 40 DAYS AND NIGHTS
DECLARING "EVERY LIVING
SUBSTANCE THAT I HAVE MADE
I WILL DESTROY FROM OFF THE FACE
OF THE EARTH."
GOD ALLOWS
ONLY ONE RIGHTEOUS MAN
AND HIS FAMILY TO ESCAPE, NOAH.
>> THEN IN CHAPTER 11,
GOD UNLEASHES HIS WRATH AGAIN,
ONLY THIS TIME
GOD IS MORE PRECISE
AND TEMPERS HIS ANGER.
THE PEOPLE OF BABEL
BUILD A TOWER TO HEAVEN.
GOD FINDS THIS OFFENSIVE
AND ANGRILY DESTROYS
THE TOWER,
SCATTERING ITS PEOPLE
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
INSTEAD OF KILLING
ALL THE WORLD'S SPECIES,
GOD ONLY PUNISHES MANKIND.
>> GOD BECOMES
REALLY MAD SOMETIMES,
AND WATCH OUT WHEN HE GETS MAD
BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE DESTROYED
AND FAMILIES ARE OBLITERATED.
>> FINALLY IN CHAPTER 18
GOD FINDS FAULT
WITH HUMANITY AGAIN,
BUT THIS TIME
HE ONLY PUNISHES
THE SINFUL CITIES
OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.
AN ANGRY GOD RAINS DOWN
FIRE AND BRIMSTONE FROM HEAVEN.
GOD LOCALIZES HIS ANGER.
HE HAS EVOLVED
FROM PUNISHING ALL CREATURES
TO JUST MANKIND
AND THEN ULTIMATELY
JUST THE RESIDENTS
OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.
>> THERE IS A MESSAGE
TO BE FOUND
IN GOD'S WRATH
ACCORDING TO THEOLOGIANS.
>> I THINK THAT GOD'S ANGER
IS A WAY OF EXPRESSING
THAT GOD HAS INTENSE INVOLVEMENT
IN THE WAY HUMAN BEINGS
LIVE THEIR LIVES.
IN THE SAME WAY,
PARENTS GET ANGRY
WHEN THEIR CHILDREN
DO SOMETHING WRONG.
>> THESE STORIES
THAT HAVE TO DO
WITH, HOW DO WE LIVE
TOGETHER IN SOCIETY?
IT'S A FORM OF CROWD CONTROL
IN A WAY,
TO DIRECT PEOPLE TOWARD
PROPER KINDS OF ACTIVITIES
AND TO EXPLAIN THE EVENTS
THAT ARE GOING ON AROUND THEM
FOR GOOD OR FOR ILL.
>> THE OLD TESTAMENT
IS FULL OF ACCOUNTS
OF HUMAN BRUTALITY
AND ATROCITIES,
THE MURDER OF ABEL
BY CAIN IN GENESIS,
KING SAUL'S ATTACKS
ON DAVID IN THE BOOK OF SAMUEL.
THESE STORIES AREN'T
FOR THE FAINT OF HEART,
BUT THEY ARE MEANT
AS OBJECT LESSONS
ABOUT THE DEADLY CONSEQUENCES
OF THE SIN OF ANGER.
THE SECOND BOOK
OF THE BIBLE, EXODUS,
INTRODUCES THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
AND MARKS A SEISMIC SHIFT
IN HOW SINS ARE PERCEIVED.
>> THE GREAT INNOVATION
OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
AND THE THING THAT DISTINGUISHES
THEM FROM THE PAGAN CULTURES
THAT PREDATED THE BIBLE
IS THAT GOD CARES
HOW I TREAT YOU.
IN PAGAN CULTURES
GOD CARED HOW I TREATED GOD.
>> IN JUDAISM AND SUBSEQUENTLY
IN CHRISTIANITY,
MY RELATIONSHIP TO YOU
IS MY RELATIONSHIP
TO ANOTHER IMAGE OF GOD
AND SIN IS A VIOLATION
AGAINST GOD
WHETHER IT IS DIRECTED
AGAINST GOD OR IS DIRECTED
AGAINST YOU.
>> THE FIFTH COMMANDMENT READS
"THOU SHALL NOT KILL."
RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS VIEW THIS
AS A CLEAR MESSAGE FROM GOD
THAT THE SIN OF ANGER
HAS SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES.
IRONICALLY, THE BEARER
OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS,
MOSES HIMSELF,
IS A VERY ANGRY MAN.
IN EXODUS,
MOSES WITNESSES AN EGYPTIAN
BEATING A HEBREW SLAVE
AND MOSES KILLS THE MAN
IN A RAGE.
LATER ON MOUNT SINAI,
MOSES RETURNS
WITH THE TWO STONE TABLETS
OF GOD'S TESTIMONY
AND FINDS THE ISRAELITES
WORSHIPPING A GOLDEN CALF.
HE BECOMES ANGRY
AND BREAKS THE COMMANDMENTS
TO PIECES
AT THE FOOT OF THE MOUNTAIN.
>> AND IT'S THIS
VERY KIND OF ANGER
THAT, IF IT IS ALLOWED
TO GO OUT OF CONTROL,
CAN BE VERY DAMAGING.
IN THIS CASE
IT'S DAMAGING ENOUGH
TO DESTROY THE TABLETS
SO THEY'VE GOT TO BE REPLACED
ONCE AGAIN.
>> IN EACH CASE
GOD DOES NOT PUNISH MOSES
BUT USES HIS ANGER
TO TEACH HIM
OF THE PITFALLS OF THE SIN.
>> IT BECOMES INTERESTING
IN THIS PARTICULAR STORY
TO SEE THAT MOSES IS ANGRY
BECAUSE IT IS A PART
OF THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE,
WE ALL BECOME ANGRY AT TIMES
AND TO STIFLE THAT OR DENY THAT
IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY UNHEALTHY
AND IS UNREALISTIC.
SO FOR MOSES TO BE ANGRY
AT A TIME LIKE THAT
IS PERFECTLY HUMAN.
>> THE OLD TESTAMENT'S VIEW
OF ANGER IS BEST REFLECTED
BY TRADITIONAL
JUDAIC UNDERSTANDING.
>> IN THE HEBREW BIBLE,
THE SIN IS WHAT ANGER LEADS TO.
SO WHEN ANGER LEADS
TO CRUELTY OR TO VIOLENCE
OR TO OPPRESSION
OR TO PERSECUTION,
THEN ANGER IS A SIN.
BUT WHEN ANGER
IS JUST AN EMOTION
THAT IS FELT
BY AN INDIVIDUAL
AND LEADS TO NO CONSEQUENCE,
IT IS PAINFUL AND POWERFUL,
BUT NOT SINFUL.
>> THE SIN OF ANGER
WOULD GET A NEW TWIST
IN THE CHRISTIAN BIBLE.
ONE OF THE FIRST STORIES
OF THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW
CONCERNS THE KING OF ISRAEL
AND THE TERRIBLE CONSEQUENCES
OF HIS ANGER.
THE GOSPEL TELLS THE STORY
OF THE BIRTH OF JESUS,
BUT HEROD,
THE KING OF JERUSALEM,
LEARNS THAT A PROPHECY SAYS
THE NEW KING OF THE JEWS
HAS BEEN BORN.
THE POSSIBILITY OF A RIVAL
TO THE THRONE
SENDS HEROD INTO A RAGE.
>> HEROD IS ANGRY
BECAUSE HE IS CONCERNED
FOR HIS OWN RULE
BECAUSE THERE MIGHT BE
A KING OF THE JEWS,
HE HEARD
THAT WAS IN FACT BORN SOMEWHERE,
AND WHEN HE WAS NOT ABLE
TO FIND OUT ABOUT THIS,
HE SIMPLY FLEW INTO A RAGE
AND BEGAN TO SLAUGHTER
ALL OF THE BABIES
WHO WERE OF THAT AGE
SO THAT HE COULD GET AT THE ONE
WHO MIGHT BE THE PRETENDER
TO THE THRONE.
>> THE STORY HAS BEEN CALLED
"THE SLAUGHTER
"OF THE INNOCENTS."
THE GOSPEL STATES
"HEROD SLEW ALL THE CHILDREN
"THAT WERE IN BETHLEHEM
"AND IN ALL THE COASTS
"THEREOF FROM TWO YEARS
AND UNDER."
JESUS ONLY SURVIVES
BECAUSE HIS FAMILY
FLEES TO EGYPT.
OF COURSE ANY ACCOUNT
THAT HAS TO DO WITH
THE SLAUGHTER OF BABIES
IS SO HORRIFIC
IN OUR UNDERSTANDING
THAT WE HAVE
A PARTICULAR KIND OF REVULSION
TO THAT KIND OF ACCOUNT.
>> AT THE SAME TIME
A NEW OF VISION OF SIN
AND ITS SOURCE WAS EMERGING IN
THE JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION.
WHAT COULD CAUSE
A PERSON TO COMMIT
THE INCOMPREHENSIBLE EVIL
OF KILLING INFANTS?
>> THE ANSWER FOR THE FAITHFUL
WAS SATAN.
SATAN IS A VAGUE
AND SHADOWY FIGURE AT FIRST.
BUT BY THE NEW TESTAMENT
THE FIGURE HAS EVOLVED
INTO A MUCH MORE
TERRIFYING FORCE,
THE TEMPTER OF MANKIND,
THE SOURCE OF ALL EVIL
IN THE WORLD.
>> SATAN IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
IS A RATHER MINOR CHARACTER.
SATAN IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
IS MORE
OF A DEMON EXTRAORDINAIRE.
SATAN BECOMES THE FATHER OF LIES
AND SATAN IS THE ONE
WHO LURES US TO SIN.
>> AMONG SATAN'S GREATEST
TEMPTATIONS,
ARE RAGE AND VENGEANCE.
>> SATAN MEETS HIS MORTAL ENEMY,
JESUS,
WHO BRINGS A NEW COMMANDMENT
ABOUT THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
ARE THOUGHT TO BE
THE GATEWAY TO HELL
AND THE MOST VIOLENT
AND BLOODY OF THE SINS IS ANGER.
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
IT IS GOD THAT IS ANGRY,
SAYING IN THE BOOK
OF DEUTERONOMY
"VENGEANCE IS MINE."
IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
THE FIGURE OF SATAN
EMERGES AS THE DEMONIC
INCARNATION OF SIN,
ESPECIALLY THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> THE COUNTERPOINT
TO SATAN'S RAGE COMES
FROM JESUS. WHO TOOK
A RADICALLY DIFFERENT APPROACH
TO THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> JESUS SEEMS TO TAKE
THE COMMANDS
SUCH AS THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
AND HE SEEMS
TO RATCHET UP THE INTENSITY.
>> SOMETIME AROUND 30 A.D.
DURING HIS SERMON
ON THE MOUNT,
JESUS ENCOURAGED HIS FOLLOWERS
TO "TURN THE OTHER CHEEK."
IT'S SURPRISING ADVICE,
ESPECIALLY TO A JEWISH SOCIETY
BEING REPRESSED
BY A BRUTAL ROMAN OCCUPATION.
>> HE'S GIVING THEM
A WAY TO RESPOND
WITH DIGNITY AND SELF-WORTH
IN THAT KIND OF A CONTEXT,
AND THAT'S WHY
FROM TOLSTOY THROUGH GANDHI
THROUGH MARTIN LUTHER KING JR,
THOSE KINDS OF WORDS
HAVE BEEN WORDS
THAT HAVE BEEN
DEEPLY MOTIVATING
AS A WAY TO ALLOW PEOPLE
TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES
WITH DIGNITY AND WITH STRENGTH
WITHOUT RESORTING
TO ANGER AND VIOLENCE.
>> JESUS, IT SEEMS,
REFUSED TO GIVE IN
TO THE SIN OF ANGER
EVEN AS THE ROMANS TORTURED
AND CRUCIFIED HIM.
THE WRATH OF GOD
EVOLVED TO ITS DIVINE OPPOSITE.
INSTEAD OF CALLING
FOR RIGHTEOUS VENGEANCE,
JESUS, WITH HIS LAST BREATH,
WHISPERED, "FATHER, FORGIVE THEM
FOR THEY KNOW NOT
WHAT THEY DO."
>> IT'S A POWERFUL MOMENT
TO THINK
OF AN INNOCENT PERSON
WHO IS SUFFERING IN TORMENT
ON THE CROSS.
IT'S AN INCREDIBLE
KIND OF STATEMENT
ABOUT HOW WE MIGHT BE ABLE
TO RISE ABOVE VENGEANCE
AND RISE ABOVE ANGER.
>> THE CONDEMNATION
OF THE SIN OF ANGER
IS NOT UNIQUE TO CHRISTIANITY.
EVERY SINGLE RELIGION
IN THE WORLD
LABELS RAGE
A MAJOR TRANSGRESSION,
ALTHOUGH EACH
HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE.
>> A RABBINIC STATEMENT
ABOUT ANGER
IS THAT ANGER IS LIKE
A BOILING TEA KETTLE.
ONCE IT OVERFLOWS,
YOU HAVE NO IDEA
WHERE IT'S GOING TO RUN
OR WHO IT'S GOING TO BURN.
>> ANGER IS CONSIDERED
A MAJOR SIN IN ISLAM.
THE PROPHET TOLD HIS FOLLOWERS
THAT THE BEST OF YOU
IS THE ONE WHO TAKES THE LONGEST
TO GET ANGRY
AND THE WORST OF YOU
IS THE ONE
WHO TAKES A LONG TIME
TO GET OVER THE ANGER.
>> WITHIN CHRISTIANITY,
THERE ARE DIFFERING OPINIONS
ON THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> IN PROTESTANT LAND
AND IN OUR HISTORY,
ANGER CAN BE A SIN.
IT'S NOT A SIN IN ITSELF.
IT'S WHAT YOU DO WITH IT.
>> THE CHURCH SAYS
THAT WE ALL HAVE PASSIONS.
PASSIONS LEAD TO SIN.
YOU CANNOT DESTROY PASSIONS
OR KILL PASSIONS.
THE PASSIONS ARE TO BE PURIFIED,
REDIRECTED, AND TRANSFORMED.
>> AND ALL VERSIONS
OF CHRISTIANITY AGREE
ON ONE THING,
SINNERS WHO DO NOT TRANSFORM
THEIR ANGER ARE DOOMED TO HELL.
>> HELL EVENTUALLY BECAME
THE COUNTERPOINT TO HEAVEN,
AND THE ETERNAL HOME
FOR THE SINFUL.
>> MOST BELIEVE THAT JESUS
WAS REFERRING TO HELL
WHEN HE SPOKE OF HADES.
BUT IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
JESUS SPOKE
OF THE PLACE OF DAMNATION
WITH THE HEBREW WORD "GEHENNA."
>> ORIGINALLY GEHENNA REFERRED
TO A GARBAGE DUMP
OUTSIDE THE GATES OF JERUSALEM
WHERE PEOPLE BURN THEIR TRASH.
JESUS USED THE WORD
AS A SYMBOL OF THE FIERY FATE
THAT AWAITED ALL SINNERS.
>> YOU CAN HAVE YOUR JOY TODAY,
BUT WHAT HAPPENS AFTER YOU DIE?
>> THE CONCEPT OF HELL
EVOLVED AS A POWERFUL
SYMBOL OF RETRIBUTION.
>> IN FACT,
DIFFERENT RELIGIONS DEVELOPED
THEIR OWN WAYS
TO DEFINE AND EXPLAIN
THE FUNCTION OF HELL.
>> SO A PROTESTANT VIEW OF HELL
IS NOT SO MUCH THAT GOD
IS ROASTING PEOPLE OVER A FIRE
'CAUSE HE'S ANGRY.
IT'S SOMETHING MUCH MORE SAD.
IT'S PEOPLE KEEP FALLING IN
ON THEMSELVES FOREVER AND EVER.
>> THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
TAKES A PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH.
>> THE EASTERN CHURCH
SAYS THAT GOD SENDS
NO ONE TO HELL,
THAT HELL IS SELF-IMPOSED.
ONE OF THE GREATEST TEACHINGS
OF THE EASTERN CHURCH
IS ETERNAL MERCY AND COMPASSION
AS WELL AS JUSTICE.
>> IN ISLAM, HELL IS NOT
AN ETERNAL DESTINATION,
BUT A LEARNING EXPERIENCE.
>> THE QUR'AN DOES DESCRIBE
HELLFIRE AS UNPLEASANT,
BUT THERE'S A PSYCHOLOGICAL
ELEMENT AS WELL.
IT'S AN OPPORTUNITY
FOR US TO OVERCOME
OUR SHORTCOMINGS,
TO GROW IN OUR CHARACTER,
AS UNPLEASANT AS IT MAY BE
IN HELLFIRE
UNTIL THE POINT
THAT WE ARE PURGED FROM HELL
AND ENTER INTO HEAVEN.
>> PERHAPS THE MOST VIVID
DEPICTION OF HELL
WAS PENNED IN 1320 A.D.
BY THE ITALIAN AUTHOR
DANTE ALIGHIERI.
HIS INTENSE AND ELABORATE
PORTRAYAL OF ETERNAL DAMNATION
WOULD CAPTURE THE IMAGINATION
OF THE CHRISTIAN WORLD.
IN "THE DIVINE COMEDY"
DANTE DESCRIBES HIS JOURNEY
AS HE DESCENDS
INTO THE NINE LEVELS OF HELL.
>> SOME OF HIS DESCRIPTIONS
OF HELL ARE SO VIVID
THAT THEY'VE CAPTURED
THE IMAGINATION OF PEOPLE
FOR MANY YEARS.
>> DANTE'S JOURNEY IS TERRIFYING
BECAUSE HE WITNESSES
THE PENANCE FOR EACH DEADLY SIN.
IN EVERY CASE
THE PUNISHMENT FITS THE CRIME.
THE SIN OF ANGER
IS FOUND ON THE FIFTH LEVEL
IN THE SWAMP-LIKE WATER
OF THE RIVER STYX.
HERE THE WRATHFUL ARE
RUTHLESSLY BEATING ONE ANOTHER
AS THEY TRY TO PULL THEMSELVES
FROM THE RIVER.
DANTE WITNESSES
THEIR ANGRY ATTEMPTS
TO TEAR EACH OTHER
LIMB FROM LIMB.
>> DANTE'S VISION OF HELL
GUIDED CHRISTIAN THOUGHT
FOR CENTURIES,
EVEN THOUGH MOST OF THE DETAILS
CAME FROM THE POET'S MIND
AND NOT FROM SCRIPTURE.
>> THE CHRISTIAN INTERPRETATION
OF HELL WOULD EVOLVE AGAIN
WHEN MEDIEVAL DEMONOLOGISTS
BEGAN CATALOGING
HELL'S CITIZENS.
>> IN 1589 A.D.,
GERMAN BISHOP AND WITCH-HUNTER
PETER BINSFELD COMPILED
A DETAILED HIERARCHY OF DEMONS.
HE BELIEVED THAT
EACH OF THE SEVEN SINS
WAS ASSOCIATED
WITH A PARTICULAR DEVIL.
>> BINSFELD WROTE
THAT THE DEMONIC PRINCE
OF THE SIN OF ANGER
WAS NAMED AMON.
>> AMON WAS PROBABLY
A CORRUPTION OF AN ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN SUN GOD, AMUN,
WORSHIPPED AMONG THE PYRAMIDS
AS FAR BACK AS 1550 B.C.
BINSFELD DESCRIBED
THE DEMON OF ANGER
AS A FLAME-SPITTING MONSTER
WITH A RAVEN'S BEAK
AND THE TAIL OF A SERPENT.
HE TEMPTED MEN WITH POWER
AND DESTROYED THEM
BY THEIR OWN WRATH.
BUT BINSFELD THOUGHT
THERE WAS ANOTHER DEMONIC ENTITY
WHO ALSO CONTROLLED
THE SIN OF ANGER.
HE BELIEVED THE CHIEF DEMON
OF ANGER, WAS NONE OTHER
THAN THE MIGHTY KING OF HELL,
SATAN.
>> ANGER IS CONNECTED TO SATAN.
ANGER THAT IS MISDIRECTED
CAN LEAD TO VIOLENCE,
IT CAN EVEN LEAD TO MURDER,
AND SO IT'S PROBABLY
OUR MOST POWERFUL EMOTION.
AND SO IT'S NO SURPRISE
THAT WRATH IS CONNECTED TO SATAN
BECAUSE, OF ALL THE DEMONS,
SATAN IS THE MOST POWERFUL.
>> FOR CENTURIES,
THE FEAR OF SATAN AND DAMNATION
WERE CENTRAL TO SOCIETY'S
UNDERSTANDING OF SIN.
IN TODAY'S WORLD, SOME BELIEVE
THERE IS LITTLE RELEVANCE
TO THESE ANCIENT CONCERNS
ABOUT THE POWER OF HELL.
>> WE ALL KNOW A LITTLE BIT MORE
ABOUT THE NATURE
OF THE UNIVERSE
AND WHAT'S UP THERE
AND WHAT IS DOWN THERE.
>> THERE ARE THOSE
WHO BELIEVE THE SIN OF ANGER
HAS LED TO A MANMADE CONCEPT
EVEN MORE DIABOLICAL:
THE REAL-LIFE INCARNATION
OF HELL ON EARTH, WAR.
>> THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
DO NOT APPEAR
ANYWHERE IN THE BIBLE,
YET THE CHURCH DEVELOPED THEM
TO CODIFY ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR
AMONG THE FAITHFUL.
THE SIN OF ANGER
IS THE DEADLIEST,
AS IT CAN LEAD DIRECTLY
TO VIOLENCE,
BLOODSHED AND DEATH.
AS THE SIN OF ANGER
EVOLVED IN RELIGIOUS HISTORY,
IT REMAINED PART
OF HUMAN EMOTIONS.
>> THE WHOLE QUESTION
ABOUT ANGER HAS TO DO WITH
HOW CAN A NATURAL EMOTION
EVER BE CONSIDERED A SIN?
AND THE BIBLE WILL SAY
IT'S ONE OF DEGREE.
>> FOR HUMANITY
THE MOST DIRE RESULT
OF THE SIN OF ANGER
IS ALMOST CERTAINLY WAR.
>> WELL, I THINK ANGER
DEFINITELY DOES CAUSE WAR.
I THINK IT ALSO PROLONGS WAR
BECAUSE IT GENERATES
A CHAIN REACTION
THAT CAN SOMETIMES KNOW NO END.
>> THE CONNECTION
BETWEEN ANGER AND WAR
IS ACTUALLY OLDER
THAN THE HEBREW BIBLE,
DATING TO ONE OF THE OLDEST
PIECES OF LITERATURE
IN THE WORLD, THE ILIAD.
THE ILIAD IS THE STORY
OF THE TROJAN WAR.
TRADITION STATES
THE EPIC POEM WAS WRITTEN
BY THE GREEK POET HOMER
IN APPROXIMATELY
THE NINTH CENTURY B.C.,
BUT IT REFERS TO EVENTS
THAT MAY HAVE TAKEN PLACE
TWO-HUNDRED YEARS EARLIER
THE VERY FIRST WORD OF THE TALE
REVEALS ITS THEME, "WRATH."
>> IT'S ABOUT THE WRATH
OF ACHILLES
AND WHAT ACHILLES DID
AND THE WRATH
THAT COMES TO EXPRESSION
IN POWER AND IN SIGNIFICANCE,
BUT ALSO LEADS
TO HIS OWN DESTRUCTION.
>> AS THE EPIC UNFOLDS,
THE TROJAN WAR
HAS GROUND TO A HALT
BECAUSE OF THE ANGER
OF THE GREEK HERO, ACHILLES.
BUT HE IS NOT ANGRY
AT THE ENEMY.
INSTEAD, HE IS ANGRY
AT HIS OWN COMMANDER
FOR TAKING AWAY
A BELOVED SLAVE GIRL BRISEIS.
ACHILLES WITHDRAWS
FROM THE FIGHT,
LEAVING THE GREEKS
TO SUFFER TERRIBLE DEFEAT.
IT IS ONLY WHEN ACHILLES'
BEST FRIEND IS KILLED
THAT HE REFOCUSES HIS ANGER
AND REJOINS THE BATTLE.
>> FOR CENTURIES,
THE TALE OF THE TROJAN WAR
HAS BEEN A LESSON
IN HOW THE SIN OF ANGER
CLEARLY LEADS TO SELFISHNESS,
DISHONOR, AND EVENTUALLY DEATH.
IN 480 B.C.,
A LATER GENERATION
OF GREEK WARRIORS
WOULD TAKE THIS LESSON TO HEART.
>> THE SOLDIERS OF SPARTA
WERE WIDELY CONSIDERED
THE GREATEST FIGHTERS
OF THE ANCIENT WORLD,
LEGENDARY FOR THEIR
HEROIC BATTLE
AGAINST THE PERSIAN INVASION
AT THERMOPYLAE.
YET THE SPARTAN APPROACH
TO BATTLE WAS UNORTHODOX.
>> WE ARE TOLD,
COUNTERINTUITIVELY,
THAT BEFORE THE SPARTANS
WOULD ENTER THE BATTLE,
THEIR COMMANDERS WOULD HAVE
MUSICIANS COME AND PLAY SOFT,
TRANQUILIZING, SERENE MUSIC
IN ORDER TO CALM THEM DOWN
BEFORE THEY WENT INTO BATTLE.
AND THE BASIC LOGIC OF THIS
WAS THE SPARTANS FELT
THAT, NUMBER ONE,
TO BE BRAVE IN BATTLE,
YOU DON'T NEED ANGER.
>> IN ORDER TO KILL,
THE SPARTANS TRIED
TO AVOID THE SIN OF ANGER,
CHOOSING INSTEAD
TO FOCUS ON CALM DETERMINATION.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE SIN
OF ANGER WOULD CONTINUE
AS CHRISTIANITY BECAME
THE DOMINANT RELIGION
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
THERE WAS MUCH DEBATE
IN THIS PERIOD
OVER THE SIN OF ANGER
AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WAR.
SOME BELIEVED THAT WAR COULD BE
JUSTIFIED ONLY IF ONE WAS
PROTECTING THE INNOCENT.
OTHERS SAID, ANY TIME ANGER
RESULTED IN WAR, IT RAN COUNTER
TO THE LAWS OF GOD.
THERE IS NO CLEAR MESSAGE
ABOUT THIS IN THE BIBLE.
IN FACT, HISTORY
IS RIFE WITH EXAMPLES
OF TERRIBLE, DESTRUCTIVE WARS
FOUGHT ONLY AS THE RESULT
OF THE ANGRY DEBATE
ABOUT RELIGIOUS VIEWS.
>> PEOPLE HAVE NEVER LACKED
JUSTIFICATIONS TO KILL.
IF THEY'RE RELIGIOUS,
THEY'LL USE RELIGIOUS
JUSTIFICATIONS.
IF THEY'RE NATIONALISTIC
THEY'LL USE NATIONALISTIC
JUSTIFICATIONS.
>> TODAY, THE MILITARY VIEW
ON ANGER IS SIMILAR
TO THE SPARTAN VIEW.
MARINE FIRST SERGEANT
WILLIAM BODETTE HAS SERVED
THREE TOURS OF COMBAT DUTY.
>> WHEN WE GET READY
TO GO INTO COMBAT,
WE DON'T TALK ABOUT THE ENEMY,
TO GET FIRED UP
LIKE BEFORE A FOOTBALL GAME.
I'M NOT EVEN WORRIED
ABOUT THE ENEMY.
I'M WORRIED ABOUT MY MARINES.
AS LONG AS I KNOW THAT
WE'RE PREPARED OURSELVES,
IT DOESN'T MATTER WHO WE FIGHT.
I DON'T HAVE TO LOOK
AT THEM AS SUBHUMANS.
>> SERGEANT BODETTE
DOESN'T EVER WANT TO SEE
THE SIN OF ANGER BOIL OVER
ON THE BATTLEFIELD.
>> I'VE ACTUALLY HAD TO PICK UP
ONE OF MY MARINES' HANDS
THAT I FOUND
ABOUT A HUNDRED METERS
FROM WHERE HE DIED,
YOU KNOW.
AND WAS I MAD?
OH, YEAH.
I WAS REAL MAD.
I WAS PISSED OFF.
BUT I REFOCUSED IT
ONTO SOMETHING ELSE,
AND SAID OKAY,
THIS HAPPENED,
NOW I GOTTA FOCUS ON MY JOB.
BECAUSE IF YOU LET
YOUR EMOTIONS GET TO YOU,
WHILE YOU'RE IN COMBAT,
YOU'RE A DEAD MAN.
>> TO REMOVE ANGER
FROM THE EQUATION IN BATTLE
MARINE RECRUITS ARE SUBJECTED
TO EXTREME STRESS EVERY DAY,
BEGINNING THE DAY THEY JOIN.
THIS WAY, THEY LEARN
HOW TO REFOCUS THEIR EMOTIONS.
>> I CAN HONESTLY
TELL YOU THIS,
EVERY TIME I'VE BEEN IN COMBAT,
I HAVE NEVER SEEN
A UNITED STATES MARINE
LOSE HIS TEMPER
AND LOSE CONTROL.
I'VE NEVER SEEN IT.
>> BODETTE BELIEVES THAT
CONTROLLING ANGER
GIVES HIS MARINES THE EDGE
OVER THE UNTRAINED TROOPS
THEY'RE BATTLING.
>> I'VE SEEN INSURGENTS GET MAD,
RUN OUT IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE OPEN,
SHOOT, GET ANGRY
AND THINK THEY'RE GOING
TO BE A HERO.
AND IT DOESN'T WORK THAT WAY.
THEY END UP DEAD.
>> MAN HAS ARGUED FOR THOUSANDS
OF YEARS WHETHER KILLING
ON THE BATTLEFIELD
IS A MANIFESTATION
OF THE SIN OF ANGER.
FOR BODETTE,
THERE IS NO QUESTION.
>> EVERY TIME
I'VE WENT INTO COMBAT,
I'VE BELIEVED
EVERY SINGLE TIME,
THAT WHILE I WAS DOING IT,
THAT IT WAS RIGHT.
PEOPLE MAY THINK IT'S MURDER.
IT'S NOT MURDER.
>> ACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS
SCHOLARS, THERE IS
ONE KEY ELEMENT MISSING.
>> THE THING ABOUT A SOLDIER
THAT'S DIFFERENT THAN MURDER
IS HE HAS NO PERSONAL MALICE
AGAINST THE ENEMY AND HE HAS
NOTHING TO GAIN FROM IT.
MURDER, ON THE OTHER SIDE,
IS WHERE I SO HATE YOU OR DON'T
WANT YOU OR I WANT YOUR MONEY
OR SOMETHING THAT I TAKE
YOUR LIFE FROM YOU.
>> THE SIN OF ANGER
MAY HAVE LITTLE TO DO
WITH THE JUSTIFICATION
FOR WARFARE.
WHAT ABOUT WHEN ANGER ERUPTS
IN OUR OWN BACKYARD
AND RESULTS IN HOMICIDE?
STRANGELY ENOUGH,
LAWYERS AND NEUROLOGISTS
BOTH AGREE THAT SOMETIMES
MURDER CAN BE FORGIVEN.
>> THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS
WERE COMPILED BY THE CHURCH
AS A GUIDE OF WHAT TO AVOID
ON THE PATH TO HEAVEN.
THE DEADLIEST OF THESE SINS,
THE ONE THAT MOST OFTEN
RESULTS IN BLOODSHED
IS THE SIN OF ANGER.
THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY
OF AMERICA, THERE HAS
ACTUALLY BEEN ONE
PERFECTLY ACCEPTABLE REASON
TO ALLOW THE MANIFESTATION
OF ANGER TO RESULT IN MURDER.
IT IS CALLED
"A CRIME OF PASSION."
>> GENERALLY WE THINK
OF CRIMES OF PASSION
AS HAVING TO DO
WITH ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
OR MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIPS.
THAT'S WHERE YOU SEE THE KIND
OF ANGER MOST OFTEN
THAT WILL GENERATE
VERY BRUTAL VIOLENCE.
>> IT WAS IN 1859,
IN WASHINGTON D.C.,
WHEN THE CRIME OF PASSION
FIRST ENTERED
AMERICAN PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS,
WITH THE ACTIONS OF WEALTHY
AND RESPECTED CONGRESSMAN,
DANIEL SICKLES.
>> HE DISCOVERED THAT HIS WIFE
WAS HAVING AN AFFAIR
WITH PHILIP BARTON KEY,
WHO WAS THE SON
OF FRANCIS SCOTT KEY,
AND HE JUST WAS
SO ANGRY ABOUT IT
THAT HE TOOK OUT HIS PISTOLS,
HE PLANNED THE MURDER.
>> ARMED WITH TWO PISTOLS
AND ACCOMPANIED
BY HIS BEST FRIEND,
SICKLES CONFRONTED PHILIP KEY
ON THE STREETS
OF WASHINGTON D.C.
>> HE SHOT HIM
ONCE IN THE CHEST
AND THEN, WHILE THE WOUNDED MAN
PLEADED FOR MERCY,
SICKLES PUMPED TWO MORE BULLETS
INTO HIM.
>> THE GUNFIRE WAS SO CLOSE
TO THE WHITE HOUSE
THAT SICKLES' FRIEND,
PRESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN,
HEARD THE SHOTS.
SICKLES IMMEDIATELY CONFESSED
AND WENT TO JAIL.
HE WAS CHARGED
WITH FIRST DEGREE MURDER,
YET A TEAM OF TOP LAWYERS
AND SEVERAL LEADING POLITICIANS
AGREED TO SERVE
AS HIS DEFENSE ATTORNEYS.
>> THE CRUX OF THE DEFENSE
WAS TEMPORARY INSANITY.
THEY SAID IT WAS POSSIBLE
UNDER THE LAW FOR A PERSON
TO BE TEMPORARILY INCAPABLE
OF KNOWING RIGHT FROM WRONG,
AND AFTER THE CRIME IS COMMITTED
ALL OF A SUDDEN THEY KNOW
RIGHT FROM WRONG AGAIN.
>> THE JURY ACQUITTED SICKLES.
THE PUBLIC WAS MORE OUTRAGED
BY SICKLES' FORGIVENESS
AND RECONCILIATION
WITH HIS WIFE
THAN BY THE MURDER
AND UNORTHODOX ACQUITTAL.
>> HE WAS THE FIRST PERSON
IN AMERICAN HISTORY
WHO SUCCESSFULLY DEFENDED
HIMSELF ON THE GROUNDS
OF TEMPORARY INSANITY.
I THINK HE SHOULD HAVE
DONE TIME AND PLENTY OF IT
FOR WHAT HE DID.
BUT YOU GET THE FEELING
THAT MANY PEOPLE FEEL
THAT THIS KIND OF ANGER
IS UNDERSTANDABLE.
>> THEY CAN IMAGINE
HOW THEY MIGHT FEEL
IF SUDDENLY THEY WERE CONFRONTED
WITH THE FACT THAT THEIR SPOUSE
WAS UNFAITHFUL.
>> THE SINS OF SICKLES
WOULD HAVE A LONG-TERM EFFECT
ON AMERICAN LAW.
>> IN TEXAS,
IT WAS THE LAW FOR A LONG TIME
THAT IF YOU CAUGHT YOUR SPOUSE
IN THE ACT OF HAVING SEX
WITH SOMEONE ELSE,
YOU HAD THE RIGHT TO SHOOT
THAT OTHER PERSON
BECAUSE THEIR SENSE
WAS THAT YOU WOULD BE
SO JUSTIFIABLY ANGRY
AND SO OVERWHELMED WITH RAGE
THAT ANY NORMAL PERSON
WOULD KILL IN THAT CIRCUMSTANCE.
>> SOME BELIEVE THAT
THE TEMPORARY INSANITY DEFENSE
IS NOTHING MORE
THAN A CLEVER TRICK,
A LEGAL LOOPHOLE,
FOR SUCCUMBING
TO THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> TODAY, SCIENTISTS ARE
BEGINNING TO EXAMINE EXACTLY
WHERE ANGER COMES FROM.
>> THE BRAIN PERCEIVES
A LOT OF INFORMATION,
BOTH FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD
AND FROM INSIDE THE BODY,
AND THERE IS ONE PART
OF THE BRAIN
CALLED THE AMYGDALA
THAT SERVES THE FUNCTION
OF SIFTING THROUGH
ALL THAT INFORMATION
AND ASKING ONE QUESTION,
IS THIS A THREAT,
IS THIS SOMETHING
I SHOULD WORRY ABOUT?
>> DR. RUBEN GUR HAS ZEROED IN
ON THE AMYGDALA,
AS THE KEY INSTIGATOR OF ANGER.
THIS WALNUT-SIZED LOBE
CAN QUICKLY OVERWHELM THE BRAIN
WITH UNCONTROLLABLE RAGE.
>> ONCE THERE IS
A PERCEPTION OF DANGER,
THERE IS A CASCADE
OF RESPONSES IN THE BODY
THAT INCLUDES CHANGES
IN HEART RATE,
IN BLOOD PRESSURE,
IN SWEATING,
IT MAKES YOUR BODY READY
TO FIGHT OR FLEE.
>> THE AMYGDALA
IS A PRIMITIVE PART
OF THE BRAIN.
IT EXISTS
BECAUSE THE HUMAN BRAIN
IS MADE UP OF LAYERS
THAT WERE ADDED
ON TOP OF EACH OTHER
OVER THE MILLIONS OF YEARS
OF EVOLUTION.
>> ALL THOSE OTHER OLDER BRAINS
ARE STILL ALIVE AND WELL
INSIDE YOUR OWN BRAIN.
SO YOU HAVE A PART OF YOU
THAT THINKS LIKE A DOG
AND YOU HAVE A PART OF YOU
THAT THINKS LIKE A CROCODILE,
AND A PART OF YOU
THAT THINKS LIKE A MONKEY.
>> THE AMYGDALA CREATES
AN AUTOMATIC FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
RESPONSE TO THREATS.
BUT HUMAN BEINGS HAVE EVOLVED
ANOTHER PART OF THE BRAIN,
THE FRONTAL LOBES.
>> THIS AREA THAT YOU CAN SEE
HERE IN THE FRONT
IS THE ORBITAL FRONTAL REGION,
AND THE ORBITAL FRONTAL REGIONS
ARE LIKE BRAKES
FOR THE AMYGDALA.
IF YOU CAN THINK
OF THE AMYGDALA
AS BEING THE ENGINE
FOR THE THREAT RESPONSE,
THE ORBITAL FRONTAL IS
THE BRAKES.
>> IF DR. GUR IS CORRECT,
THEN A PERSON
WHO IS OVERWHELMED
BY ANGER IS LITERALLY
"TEMPORARILY INSANE"
UNTIL HIS AMYGDALA
CAN BE CONTROLLED.
CASE IN POINT,
THE 2003 MURDER OF BETTY DODGE
BY HER SON JAMES ESSICK.
AT THE TIME OF THE CRIME,
ESSICK WAS AN ADULT
WITH MENTAL PROBLEMS,
WHO HAD MOVED IN
WITH HIS MOTHER.
THEIR RELATIONSHIP
DETERIORATED SO BADLY
THAT DODGE ASKED HER SON
TO MOVE OUT.
>> AND THAT SET HIM
INTO A PANIC AND HE GRABBED
A SCULPTURE THAT THEY HAD
AND BROKE IT ON HER HEAD
AND KEPT HITTING HER REPEATEDLY
UNTIL SHE WAS DEAD
AND THEN HE WENT
ACROSS THE STREET,
TURNED HIMSELF INTO THE POLICE.
>> DURING THE COURT CASE,
DR. GUR WAS HIRED
AS AN EXPERT WITNESS
AND ASKED TO EVALUATE
THE MENTAL CAPACITY OF ESSICK.
HE DID A COMPLETE NEUROSCAN
OF HIS BRAIN AND FOUND
THAT 30 TO 40 PERCENT
OF THE TISSUE WAS MISSING
IN THE ORBITAL FRONTAL AREA.
>> SO WHEN THE AMYGDALA
WAS SAYING, I AM IN DANGER,
I AM FURIOUS, ATTACK,
THERE WAS NOT ENOUGH TISSUE
IN THE FRONT TO SAY,
CALM DOWN.
YOU HAVE BETTER WAYS
OF DEALING WITH THE SITUATION
THAN ATTACKING WHAT YOU THINK
IS THE SOURCE
OF YOUR FEAR AND ANGER.
>> THE JURY AGREED
WITH DR. GUR'S TESTIMONY
AND RULED THAT JAMES ESSICK
WAS INNOCENT,
BY REASON OF INSANITY.
HE WAS SENT
TO A MENTAL HOSPITAL
FOR TREATMENT.
>> SOME MIGHT SAY
JAMES ESSICK WAS INCAPABLE
OF CONTROLLING HIS ABILITY
TO SIN.
>> THE ORGAN OF OUR MIND
AND WHAT CONTROLS OUR BEHAVIOR
IS THE BRAIN,
AND HIS BRAIN IS DAMAGED.
>> BUT BY THE TIME
AN ANGRY ACT RESULTS
IN PRISON OR A MENTAL HOSPITAL,
THE DAMAGE IS DONE.
>> IS THERE A WAY
TO TREAT HUMAN RAGE
BEFORE IT GETS TO THIS
CRITICAL BREAKING POINT?
HAVE GUIDED CHRISTIAN THOUGHT
FOR CENTURIES
AND WHILE THERE ARE CONSEQUENCES
FOR THE SINS OF LUST, GREED,
ENVY, PRIDE, GLUTTONY AND SLOTH,
PERHAPS THE DEADLIEST
CONSEQUENCES COME
FROM THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> WHEN WE'RE ANGRY,
WE LOSE CONTROL.
WHEN WE'RE ANGRY,
WE BORDER ON THE POSSIBILITY
OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE.
WHEN WE FALL INTO THE PASSION
OF ANGER WE LOSE OURSELVES.
>> BUT PART OF THE TEMPTATION
OF ANGER IS THAT, IRONICALLY,
ANGER IS VERY SATISFYING.
>> IT CAN BRING PEOPLE
ALL THE WAY TO EUPHORIA.
ESPECIALLY MEN,
A LOT OF TIMES IT'S GOOD
TO FEEL ANGRY.
>> AND DESPITE CENTURIES
OF RELIGIOUS ATTEMPTS
TO CONTROL THE SIN OF ANGER,
TODAY IT IS EVERYWHERE.
>> I'D LIKE TO THINK THAT
FAITH WOULD DETER VIOLENCE
AND HELP US MANAGE OUR ANGER,
BUT THE FACT IS
THE UNITED STATES
HAS THE HIGHEST RATE
OF CHURCH ATTENDANCE
IN THE AFFLUENT WORLD,
THE HIGHEST RATE
OF BELIEF IN GOD,
AND WE HAVE BY FAR
THE HIGHEST MURDER RATE.
[SIREN]
>> THE CONCEPT OF THE SIN
OF ANGER HAS EVOLVED
OVER THE CENTURIES.
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY ONCE SAID
THAT THOSE WHO COMMIT THE SIN
FACE THE ETERNAL FIRES OF HELL.
BUT THERE ARE SOME SINNERS
WHO ARE TORMENTED
BY ANGER, EVEN IN THIS LIFE.
>> I WAS IN A RELATIONSHIP,
THINGS DIDN'T GO WELL,
TO SUM IT UP
AND DIDN'T KNOW
HOW TO HANDLE IT.
WENT AND BOUGHT
TWO GALLONS OF GASOLINE,
BROKE OUT THE WINDOWS
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DAYTIME--
I LIVE IN AN APARTMENT COMPLEX--
FILLED HER CAR UP WITH GAS,
SET IT ON FIRE,
BLEW UP THE CAR
IN AN UNDERGROUND
PARKING GARAGE.
THE WHOLE PLACE
HAD TO BE EVACUATED
AND I COULD'VE KILLED
HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE.
>> I SNAPPED.
I BEAT HIM UP BAD ENOUGH
FOR THE COURTS TO SAY,
YOU KNOW WHAT,
FIVE YEARS' PRISON TIME.
>> THESE MEN AREN'T DEALING
WITH THEIR SIN
THROUGH CONFESSION
AND REPENTANCE,
BUT THROUGH ANGER MANAGEMENT.
THE SIN OF ANGER
IS SO WIDESPREAD IN SOCIETY
THAT THE CONCEPT
OF ANGER MANAGEMENT HAS ENTERED
THE POP CULTURE LEXICON.
ANUTZA BELLISSIMO
IS A SPECIALIST WHO HAS TREATED
THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
WITH ANGER ISSUES.
>> ANGER IN TODAY'S SOCIETY,
I BELIEVE,
IS A VERY SERIOUS ISSUE.
LOOKING AT ONE SIMPLE STATISTIC
OF 18,000 ASSAULTS
BEING REPORTED PER WEEK
IN THE U.S.
I THINK ANGER
IS DEFINITELY AN ISSUE.
>> BELLISSIMO SAYS THAT ANGER
IS NOT A DEADLY SIN,
BUT AN INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR.
>> I DO NOT BELIEVE
YOU CAN GET RID OF ANGER,
I FEEL THAT ANGER
IS A VERY NECESSARY
HUMAN EMOTION.
FOR ME, ANGER IS A RED FLAG.
FOR ME, ANGER IS A WAY
OF ACKNOWLEDGING
THAT THERE'S THINGS
THAT I'M NOT DEALING WITH.
>> EXPERTS SAY THAT THE KEY
TO OVERCOMING ANGER
IS LESS ABOUT CONTROLLING RAGE
AND MORE ABOUT
CREATING CONNECTIONS.
>> IF YOU TELL THEM
THIS ANGER IS DESTROYING
YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH YOUR WIFE
OR YOUR CHILDREN,
THAT SEEMS TO WORK.
>> HAVING A RELATIONSHIP,
THAT'S WHAT HUMANITY
IS ALL ABOUT,
OUR CONNECTION TO EACH OTHER.
>> TRADITION CLAIMS THAT
THE SIN OF ANGER IS PUNISHABLE
BY ETERNAL DAMNATION.
BUT BELLISSIMO FEELS
THIS RELIGIOUS APPROACH
IS USELESS
IN THE MODERN WORLD.
>> I'VE NEVER BEEN ABLE
TO SCARE ANY ANGRY STUDENTS
FROM BEING ANGRY
BECAUSE THEY WOULD GO TO HELL.
I'VE NEVER BEEN ABLE
TO USE THAT AS A TOOL.
>> BUT THERE ARE SOME
WHO WOULD ARGUE THAT POINT.
ONE IS A MAN NAMED
HOWARD STORM,
WHO FEELS HE HAS LEARNED
THE DEMONIC POWER
OF THE SIN OF ANGER.
IN 1985, HOWARD STORM
WAS A 38-YEAR-OLD ART PROFESSOR
WITH A SERIOUS ANGER PROBLEM.
>> I NEVER HURT MY WIFE
OR MY KIDS,
BUT I WOULD YELL
AND SCREAM AT THEM.
I WOULD TOSS THE KITCHEN TABLE,
WHICH WAS LOADED FOR DINNER.
YOU KNOW, TOSS THE TABLE
AND ALL OF ITS CONTENTS
ACROSS THE ROOM AND SMASH THINGS
AND THINGS LIKE THAT.
>> BUT WHILE ON A TRIP
TO PARIS, HOWARD STORM
FOUND HIMSELF
IN A HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOM,
DYING OF A PERFORATED INTESTINE.
AS HE DRIFTED
IN AND OUT OF CONSCIOUSNESS,
HE REALIZED HE WAS NOT ALONE.
>> WHAT I EXPERIENCED
WAS AT FIRST
PEOPLE OUTSIDE THE ROOM
CALLING ME BY NAME
TO COME WITH THEM.
AND I SAID
"ARE YOU FROM THE DOCTOR,
"I'M VERY SICK,
I'M SUPPOSED TO HAVE SURGERY,"
AND THEY SAID, "HURRY UP,
"WE KNOW ALL ABOUT YOU,
"WE DON'T HAVE TIME
"FOR YOUR QUESTIONS,
COME WITH US."
>> IN A HALF-AWAKE STATE,
STORM WAS LED
DOWN A LONG HALLWAY.
SUDDENLY, WITHOUT WARNING,
HE WAS VICIOUSLY ATTACKED
FROM ALL SIDES.
ONLY AT THIS POINT
DID HE REALIZE HE WAS NO LONGER
IN A REAL HOSPITAL.
>> I'M FIGHTING
AS HARD AS I CAN FIGHT,
THE BEST I CAN FIGHT
TO BASICALLY JUST DEFEND MYSELF.
I'M JUST TRYING
TO KEEP FROM BEING HIT,
SCRATCHED, BITTEN,
PUSHED, KICKED,
AND IT'S COMING
FROM EVERY DIRECTION
IN THIS DARKNESS.
THERE AREN'T WORDS
TO DESCRIBE THIS.
SCARY, TERRIFYING, HORRIBLE,
ARE ALL COMPLETELY INADEQUATE.
>> AT THIS POINT,
STORM DID SOMETHING
THAT THIS ATHEIST
HAD NEVER CONSIDERED BEFORE.
HE BEGAN TO PRAY.
A BEAM OF LIGHT APPEARED
AND DELIVERED HIM
FROM THE ATTACKERS.
HE FOUND HIMSELF
BACK IN HIS HOSPITAL ROOM
ALIVE ONCE AGAIN.
HOWARD STORM BELIEVES
THERE WAS ONLY ONE EXPLANATION
FOR THIS NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE.
>> IN A WAY,
I THINK OF IT AS AN OPPORTUNITY.
I WAS GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY
TO EXPERIENCE HELL.
>> AND ONCE HE HAD RECOVERED
FROM HIS MEDICAL ORDEAL,
STORM FELT
HE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY
TO CHANGE HIS RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE SIN OF ANGER.
>> EVER SINCE
MY NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE
I'VE NEVER HAD
THAT KIND OF RAGING,
THAT OUT-OF-CONTROL ANGER.
I'VE NEVER
EXPERIENCED THAT SINCE.
>> WHETHER STORM'S EXPERIENCE
WAS A LITERAL TRIP TO HELL
OR SIMPLY
A TERRIFYING HALLUCINATION,
IT HAD A PROFOUND EFFECT ON HIM,
TRANSFORMING HIS RELATIONSHIP
WITH HIS WIFE,
HIS FAMILY
AND HIS OWN EMOTIONS.
STORM FEELS THAT HIS
DANTE-LIKE EXPERIENCE
RECALLING A MEDIEVAL VERSION
OF THE EVOLUTION OF ANGER
MIGHT HAVE SOME BENEFIT
TO OTHERS.
>> ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT DRIVES ME,
TO BE PERFECTLY HONEST,
IS THAT I DON'T WANT ANYBODY
TO GO TO HELL.
AND I AM ON A MISSION
FROM GOD TO KEEP PEOPLE
FROM GOING TO HELL.
>> THE SIN OF ANGER
HAS EVOLVED OVER THE MILLENNIA
FROM THE WRATH OF A JUST GOD
IN THE BOOK OF GENESIS
TO THE FORGIVENESS OF JESUS
IN THE GOSPEL,
FROM DANTE'S PUNISHMENTS IN HELL
TO THE COURT-ORDERED ATTEMPTS
TO "MANAGE" THE DEADLY SIN.
IS THE SIN OF ANGER
THE DEADLIEST OF THE SEVEN SINS?
THE ANSWER MAY NOT MATTER,
FOR IN THE END,
WE WILL ALL BE JUDGED,
SOME BY OUR PEERS,
SOME BY A HIGHER POWER.
AND FOR THOSE TORMENTED
BY THE SIN OF ANGER,
THE SIN ITSELF MAY BE ENOUGH
TO CREATE HELL ON EARTH.
CAPTIONING PERFORMED BY
PEOPLESUPPORT
TRANSCRIPTION AND CAPTIONING
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|
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|
So, today we shall see this system of linear equations, system
system of linear equations. This is also an
important concept in linear algebra. Here,
we shall discuss about consistency of a system
of linear equations; and also we shall discuss,
how to find solution of this. A system of
a system of m linear equations
in n variables can be written as a 1 1 x 1
plus a 1 2 x 2 plus a 1 n x n is equal to
b 1, a 2 1 x 1 plus a 2 2 x 2 plus a 2 n x
n is equal to b 2. Like this m equations a
m 1 x 1 plus a m 2 x 2 plus a m n x n is equal
to b m.
Here the coefficients, where this a i j that
belong to a field; i from 1 to m, j from 1
to n, b i also belong to this filed, and x
1, x 2 to x n are variables or unknown that
we have to find out, or in other words solving
the system of linear equations means; we have
to find unknowns x 1, x 2 to x n, so that
this equations will be true. Here we are considering
this coefficients a i j are from a field F,
and also the elements b 1, b 2 to b m are
also elements of this field F. Here in fact,
we say that the system of linear equations
is a system over this field F. In place of
this field F, one can also consider the real
field or complex field also.
So, this system of m linear equations in n
variables can also be written as; this system
can be represented as Ax is equal to b, where
A is this matrix that a 1 1 a 1 2 a 1 n a
2 1 a 2 2 a 2 n a m 1 a m 2 a m n, and this
x is.. So, this A is m by n matrix and x is
this column vector of this matrix x 1, x 2
to x n; this is of size n by 1, and b is also
a column vector, or this matrix b 1 up to
b m; this is m by 1 matrix. So, this matrix
is called the co-efficient matrix of the system,
A is called the co-efficient matrix of the
system.
Further, if further if b i is equal to 0 for
all i, then the system is called homogeneous.
Called homogeneous Otherwise, it is non-homogeneous
Otherwise, it is not homogeneous. So, here
we shall discuss about consistency of the
system; that means, when solutions exit for
the system, and also we shall see how to find
solutions. So, the following theorem gives
the condition for consistency of the system
as well as existence of number of solutions
of the system. So, let Ax equal to b be a
system of linear equations be a system of
be a system of linear equations in n variables,
then we have the following results: The system
is consistent, if rank of the co-efficient
matrix A is equal to rank of the augmented
matrix A tilta, where A tilta is this augmented
matrix A b.
Second condition says that if rank of A is
equal to rank of A tilta; that means, the
system is consistent, and if this rank is
equal to n, then the system has a unique solution.
So, third result here is that: If rank of
A is equal to rank of A tilta; and this is
equal to k, and that is strictly n less than
n that is, number of variables variables strictly
less than the number of variables, then the
system has infinite number of solutions infinite
number of solutions. So, we are not proving
this theorem, but will use it and solve problems.
One immediate corollary is that; So, In case
of a homogeneous system of equations, we get
that the rank of the co-efficient matrix is
equal to rank of the augmented matrix, because
all b i are equal to 0. Therefore, a homogeneous
system a homogeneous system Ax equal to 0
is always consistent, or always a solution
exists for the system. Notice that for Ax
equal to 0, this 0 0 0; that means, all x
i(s) are 0 is always a solution. So, we will
have in fact, the following lemma that tells
that the collection of all solution of a homogeneous
system forms a subspace. Let S be the set
of all solutions of this homogeneous system
Ax is equal to 0, then S is a subspace of
this vector space F n. This is not difficult
to proof.
We can take any two solutions in a S. Let
x, y belongs to S that means; x and y be 2
solutions of this system Ax equal to 0, and
alpha, beta be any two scalar or elements
of this field F. Then we shall see whether
this alpha x plus beta y is a solution for
the system or not. So, this can be written
as alpha Ax plus beta Ay, and this is equal
to zero. Since Ax equal to 0 and Ay equal
to zero we get this combination which also
zero. This implies that alpha x plus beta
y belongs to x. Hence S is a subspace of this
F n. And therefore, this set of all solution
of the system Ax equal to 0 is called the
solution space of this homogeneous system.
So, we have the following definition; the
set S of all solutions of Ax equal to 0. This
homogeneous system is called the solution
space of the system is called the solution
space of the system.
So next, we shall see some examples of system
of linear equations; and we shall apply the
results in theorem one, and check whether
that system consistent; and if the system
is consistent, then we shall find all solutions
of that system.
So, we have following examples. So, here we
will ask that find all solutions all solutions
of the following systems of the following
systems if consistent. So, first system is
this x plus 2 y minus 3 z is equal to minus
1 , 3 x minus y plus 2 z is equal to 7, 5
x plus 3 y minus 4 z is equal to 2. So, we
shall see whether the system is consistent
first. Here the co-efficient matrix is co-efficient
matrix A is this matrix that is, 1 2 minus
3 3 minus 1 2 5 3 minus 4. Augmented matrix
is Augmented matrix A tilta is the matrix:
1 2 minus 3 minus 1 3 minus 1 2 7 5 3 minus
4 2. So, next we shall find out rank of these
two matrices, and check whether they are equal
or not. So, for this we consider the augmented
matrix only.
So, now, we consider this consider the augmented
matrix, and find its echelon form. So, the
matrix is: 1 2 minus 3 minus 1 3 minus 1 2
7 5 3 minus 4 2. So, for finding this echelon
form, here we replace this row 2 by row 2
minus 3 row 1 and also this row 3 we replace
by row 3 minus 5 times row 1. So, the matrix
we get is like this: 1 2 minus 3 minus 1 0
minus 7 11 10 0 minus 7 11 7. So next, again
we apply elementary row operations. And here
we replace this row 3 by row 3 minus row 2.
So, the resultant matrix will be 1 2 minus
3 minus 1 0 minus 7 11 10 0 0 0 minus 3. So,
here in this echelon form of the augmented
matrix, we can see that first 3 columns of
this matrix is the echelon form of matrix
A.
So, therefore, the rank of here first three
columns is the echelon form of the co-efficient
matrix A of the matrix A. So, here in this
echelon form of A we are a getting zero row.
So, rank of this co-efficient matrix is 2
and rank of this augmented matrix A tilta
is equal to 3. So therefore, rank of A is
not equal to rank of this augmented A tilta.
And hence, the system is inconsistent the
system is inconsistent; that means, the system
has no solutions.
So, next we will see another example; that
example two. Here the system is like this;
2 x plus y minus 2 z is equal to 10, 3 x plus
2 y plus 2 z is equal to 1, 5 x plus 4 y plus
3 z is equal to 4. So, here again we will
find rank of the co-efficient matrix and rank
of the augmented matrix for checking the consistency
condition. So therefore, we find echelon form
of the augmented matrix. So, here we find
echelon form of the augmented matrix. This
is given by 2 1 minus 2 10 3 2 2 1 5 4 3 4.
So, here we make the following operation:
That elementary row operations that row 2
we replace by 2 row 2 minus 3 row 1 3 3 times
row 1 and R 3 we replace by 2 R 3 minus 5
times row 1. And we get the matrix be like
this that is: 2 1 minus 2 10 0 1 10 minus
28 0 3 16 minus 42.
So next, we apply the following elementary
row operation that is row 3 replace we replace
by row 3 minus 3 times row 2. And get the
matrix be like this that is 2 1 minus 2 10
0 1 10 minus 28 0 0 minus 14 42. So, in the
echelon form of the augmented matrix, the
first 3 columns is the echelon form of the
coefficient matrix. So, notice that rank of
this coefficient matrix is equal to 3 as well
as the rank of the augmented matrix both are
equal to 3, and that is equal to the number
of this is equal to number of variables, and
hence the system is consistent hence the system
is consistent So, here we shall see how to
find solutions of the system.
So, from this echelon form of the augmented
matrix we get following system that is the
echelon form of the given system. So, echelon
form echelon form of the augmented matrix
gives that gives the system; 2 x plus y minus
2 z is equal to 10, y plus 10 z is equal to
minus 28 and minus 14 z is equal to 42. So,
from the last equation; from third equation
we get z equal to minus 3; putting this in
equation 2 We get y is equal to 2 and finally
from equation one we get x equal to 1. So
therefore, therefore the unique solution of
the system of the system is x equal to 1,
y equal to 2 and z equal to minus 3. So, next
we see another equation. System of equations
in this third systems is like this; x plus
2 y minus 3 z equal to 6, 2 x minus y plus
4 z is equal to 2, and 4 x plus 3 y minus
2 z is equal to 14. So, for this system also
we find echelon form of the augmented matrix.
And here the augmented matrix is like this.
So, here we find echelon form of the augmented
matrix. So, the augmented matrix is 1 2 minus
3 6 2 minus 1 4 2 4 3 minus 2 14. So, we apply
this elementary row operations, that we replace
row 2 by row 2 minus 2 row 1, and row 3 we
replace by row 3 minus 4 times row 1, and
we get the matrix be like this. 1 2 minus
3 6 0 minus 5 10 minus 10 0 minus 5 10 minus
10, then applying this elementary row operation
that, replacing row 3 by row 3 minus row 2,
we get the matrix be 1 2 minus 3 6 0 minus
5 10 minus 10 and 0 0 0 0. So, here you see
that the rank of the coefficient matrix A
is same as rank of the augmented matrix and
that is equal to 2, but that is strictly less
than 3 the number of variables. Hence the
system is consistent, and has infinite number
of solutions, infinite number of solutions.
So, next we will find the solutions of this
system. So, again from the echelon form of
the augmented matrix we get the system be
like this. So, here the here the echelon form
of echelon form of augmented matrix matrix
gives the system
So, this system is like this that is 2 x plus
y minus 2 z is equal to 10, y plus 10 z is
equal to minus 2. Sorry, that we will get
this; sorry, we will not get this one. The
system is a like this: x plus 2 y minus 3
z is equal to 6, minus 5 y plus 10 z is equal
to minus 10. So this system we get from the
echelon form of the augmented matrix, or we
can write this system be like this or x plus
2 y minus 3 z equal to 6 and y minus 2 z is
equal to that is 2. So, here we have three
variables and two equations. So, one variable
we take as free variable. We take this variable
z as the free variable. In fact, the variables
which do not occur at the beginning of any
equation in the echelon form is called a free
variable. So, z is a free variable here free
variable here; that means, it can take any
value of the field.
So, let z is equal to alpha and alpha belongs
to this real numbers. So, from equation two
we get, then this value of y is equal to 2
plus 2 alpha, and value of x will be 2 minus
alpha. So, the set of all solutions the set
of all solutions the of the system is like
this: 2 minus alpha, 2 plus 2 alpha, alpha,
such that alpha belongs to the set of all
real numbers. Here we are considering the
system over this set of real numbers. That
is why this alpha will vary over all the elements
of this real field. So, next we see another
example, and that is a system homogeneous
system of linear equations. So, next example
is a homogeneous system of linear equations.
So, here find all possible solutions of the
system below. Also find the dimension of the
solution space. So, here the system is like
this: x plus 2 y minus z equal to 0, 2 x plus
5 y plus 2 z is equal to 0, x plus 4 y plus
7 z is equal to 0, x plus 3 y plus 3 z equal
to 0. So, this is the system of linear equations,
and this system is a homogeneous system, because
all this b i(s) are equal to 0. So, here we
shall find out rank of the co-efficient matrix
to check whether the system has unique solution
or infinite number of solutions. So, echelon
form of echelon form of the co-efficient matrix
is matrix.
So, the co-efficient matrix is given by: 1
2 minus 1 2 5 2 1 4 7 1 3 3. So, here we apply
the following elementary row operations, that
row 2 we replace by row 2 minus 2 row 1, row
3 we replace by row 3 minus row 1, row 4 we
replace by row 4 minus row 1. And we get this
matrix here that: 1 2 minus 1 0 1 4 0 2 4
0 2 this will be 8 and 0 1 4. So here, we
next apply the following elementary row operation
that we replace row 3 by half of of row 3,
and get the matrix be like this: 1 2 minus
1 0 1 4 0 1 4 0 1 4. So here all this 3 rows;
row 3 row 2 row 3 and row 4 are identical.
So, here we replace this row 3 by row 3 minus
row 2, and row 4 also we replace by row 4
minus row 2. And we get the matrix be: 1 2
minus 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0. So, from here we
get that the rank of coefficient matrix A
is equal to 2, and this is strictly the number
of variables that is 3.
So, the system has infinite number of solutions
infinite number of solutions. And these solutions,
we get like this. We get the system below
system below from the echelon of the coefficient
matrix that that is also called echelon form
of the system. And it is x plus 2 y minus
z equal to 0, and y plus 4 z is equal to 0.
So, again we consider this z as free variable
that is variable which do not appear at the
beginning of any of the equations in echelon
form. So, z is the free variable. So, let
z equal to alpha; that belongs to R. Then
we get y is equal to minus 4 alpha, and x
is equal to 9 alpha. So, this set of all solution
are the solution space the solution space
of the given system is, this set S that is
consists of all vectors like this 9 alpha,
minus 4 alpha, alpha, where alpha belongs
to this set of all real numbers.
Next, we find out the dimension of the solution
space. So, that dimension of the solution
space S is also related with rank of the matrix
A.
Here, if we consider matrix A is a linear
transformation, then this S will be the nullity
of this linear transformation A. Therefore,
from the rank nullity theorem also we get
this result that, if we think A as a linear
transformation linear transformation, then
S is the null space of A. So, from the rank
nullity theorem rank nullity theorem, we get
that dimension of the solution space S is
equal to total number of variables that is
3 minus rank of A. So, that is 3 minus 2 that
is equal to 1. So, this is how we solve system
of linear equations; both homogeneous and
non homogeneous. And we shall come across
the system of equations; latter on while finding
eigenvalue and eigenvectors of matrices.
So, next we shall discuss about this another
important concept in linear algebra is this
eigenvalue and eigenvector of matrices. This
is an important concept of linear algebra,
and this is very useful in engineering and
sciences sciences. Engineers and scientist,
they come across this concept of eigenvalue
and eigenvectors called open. So, first we
shall give definition of an eigenvalue. So,
here basically we find eigenvalue and eigenvectors
of square matrices. So, let A be an n by n
matrix over a field F, then an element of
F; an element lambda in F is called an eigenvalue
of A if there exist a non-zero vector x in
F n, such that this equations holds A x is
equal to lambda x. Here, we consider this
x as a column vector that is, here we consider
x as an n cross 1 matrix are a column vector.
So, if this lambda is an eigenvalue of A,
if lambda is an eigenvalue of A and x is a
non-zero vector, non-zero vector such that
Ax is equal to lambda x , then x is called
an eigenvector corresponding an eigenvector
corresponding to the eigenvalue lambda. Notice
that eigenvectors corresponding to lambda
need not be unique. There may be several eigenvectors
corresponding to an eigenvalue. So, here in
fact, if we we have this following lemma that
says that if x 1 and x 2 are eigenvalues to
eigenvalue to eigenvectors corresponding to
an eigenvalue, then their sum is also an eigenvector
corresponding to this same eigenvalue, and
also scalar multiple of any eigenvector will
be again an eigenvector.
So, in other words, if we include the zero
vectors to the set of all eigenvectors corresponding
to lambda, then that forms a sub space. So,
here we consider that, let A be an n by n
matrix
and lambda be an eigenvalue of A. let S be
the set of all eigenvectors all eigenvectors
corresponding to lambda to lambda, then this
S union the zero vector is a subspace of this
field F n. So, here this proof is not difficult,
it is trivial. So let us consider let x and
y be two eigenvectors corresponding to lambda
and alpha, beta be two scalar from F. So,
here this alpha x plus beta y will be an eigenvector
corresponding to this eigenvalue lambda or
not; that is what we check. S, A of alpha
x plus beta y is equal to alpha Ax plus beta
Ay, and this is equal to alpha into lambda
x plus beta into lambda y or this can be written
as lambda times alpha x plus beta y. So, this
S union 0 is a subspace. And this subspace
is called eigenspace corresponding to the
eigenvalue.
We give this definition of an eigenspace.
So, if S is S is the set of all eigenvectors
corresponding to corresponding to an eigenvalue
lambda of A, then the subspace S union 0 is
called the eigenspace eigenspace corresponding
to corresponding to this eigenvalue lambda.
So, let us see an example quickly. Here we
consider this matrix consider this matrix
A be like this: 5 4 1 2 over this real numbers
of course. And a vector x be like this: 4
1. Now, this Ax that is 5 4 1 2 that is multiplied
by 4 1 that gives 24 6 that is 6 times 4 1,
so that is equal to 6 times x. So, this implies
that 6 is an eigenvalue of A an eigenvalue
of A; and 4 1 is an eigenvector corresponding
to the eigenvalue 6. So, we stop this lecture
here. And in the next lecture, we will discuss
about method to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of matrices. So, that is all for this lecture.
Thank you. .
|
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has anyone finding some of these
and other than getting them on a
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with syphilis, and the monster
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is the lead, and they, too, and
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please call way of life,
play his fifth
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they'll feel about how the
business side of the reports are
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leaders minority island for
life, j
but have enough talent for
setting forth please me that it
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about the size of the men
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the five visit his father's
office, and it
can anyone know how has the
lowest like one of my house
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to this earth
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determine a different kind of
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mind
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team in the world
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decide that
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of his life has just created a
high technology, and that's the
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family
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fall of the universe-the in-the
head of the mountain and I have
how well their vision of the
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holiday marking the own
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night into day when Dwight you
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presence in front of the
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|
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ONLY ONE WAY TO CELEBRATE
NATIONAL MOTORCYCLE WEEK AND
THAT'S WITH SOME GOOD VINTAGE
RIDES.
VINTAGE MONKEY IN
SACRAMENTO, GOOD MORNING.
THIS PLACE HAS BEEN AROUND A
LONG TIME.
11 MONTHS IN THIS BUILDING AND
IT'S FANTASTIC.
LOOK HOW UNIQUE IT IS, BUILT IN
1925.
THEY HAVE A LOT OF CLASSIC
ACTS.
WHAT IS VINTAGE MONKEY?
IT -- WE ARE ONE OF THE FEW
IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA THAT
SERVICE AND REPAIR CLASSIC
MOTORCYCLES SPECIFICALLY.
THAT IS SO COOL.
I'M LOOKING AROUND, YOU HAVE
DESIGNED A LOT OF THE STUFF IN
HERE.
I WANTED TO MAKE SURE WE
CREATED AN ENVIRONMENT THAT
EVEN IF YOU WANT INTO
MOTORCYCLES, YOU WOULD WANT TO
HANG OUT.
HOW DO YOU COME ACROSS
SOMETHING LIKE THIS?
MYSELF AND MY COUNTERPART
ARE AVID MOTORCYCLE COLLECTORS.
THIS BELONGS TO MY SERVICE
MANAGER.
THIS IS A PIECE OF MOTORCYCLE
RACING HISTORY FROM 1915.
THIS IS A SCOTT MOTORCYCLE.
IT WAS RACED IN THE ISLE OF
MAN.
THAT IS SO AWESOME.
CHECK OUT THIS ONE OVER HERE.
THIS IS A 1930 SCOTT MOTORCYCLE
RESPECT.
-- REASON MIKE.
-- RACE BIKE.
WE ARE OPEN 10 TO 6. IS A
ROCKSTAR ENVIRONMENT.
THEY DO EVENTS HERE.
YOU CAN RENT THIS OUT FOR
EVENTS.
THEY HAVE DONE A WEDDING HERE.
CHECK OUT THIS BAR.
THIS IS HUGE.
SHASTA DESIGNED IT.
THIS TOOK ME AND THREE OF MY
CLOSEST FRIENDS FOR MONTHS TO
BUILD THIS.
IT WAS A LABOR OF LOVE AND
HATE. CHECK OUT THE
CHANDELIER.
THIS IS SACRAMENTO HISTORY,
CITRUS HEIGHTS.
THIS USED TO BE IN THE SUNRISE
MALL.
NO WAY! IT'S A PIECE OF
SACRAMENTO TEENAGE HISTORY.
HE DID NOT LOOK LIKE THIS IN
THE MALL.
I STRIPPED IT DOWN AND PUT MY
OWN SPIN ON IT TO MAKE SURE IT
FIT HERE.
EVERYTHING HAS A STORY IN HERE.
YOU COULD SPEND SO MUCH TIME
HERE BECAUSE THEY HAVE SO MANY
COOL DESIGN PIECES.
THAT IS REALLY COOL CONSIDERING
IT WAS IN TWO PIECES WHEN SHE
GOT THE BUILDING.
SHE BOUGHT IT AND LIQUID SHE
TURNED INTO.
IF YOU'RE INTO BIKES OR VINTAGE
|
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|
[MUSIC PLAYING]
To call or not to call.
That is the question.
If you're wrong, you'll
look like a chump.
Oh, I'll bet a
jack there any day.
But if you're right,
you'll look like a champ.
Nice call.
Your call.
All right then.
Let's count down our
top five hero calls.
Number five comes from the
EPT4 Barcelona Final Table.
Sander Lylloff's
spidey sense must
have been tingling during
this hand against Greg Dyer.
Greg Dyer here deciding to
raise it up with eight, six.
Maybe he's learned
a trick or two
from his favorite player
being Adam Junglen,
who we just saw knocked
out of the table.
Raises to $72,000.
All cards.
Sander Lylloff is
the chip leader.
Call.
And he will call
[INTERPOSING VOICES]
And Dyer is checking back to
see, what did I have again?
I knew it was crap.
Eight, six?
Oh, OK.
That was it.
It is nine of spades, jack
of diamonds, four of spades.
And the question is, who's
going to bet at this pot first?
Sander checks.
The answer is Greg Dyer.
You would think that that
was enough to just take down
this pot then.
$11,000.
Or, sorry, $110,000.
He could very easily--
110.
Have a jack, a nine, or
a pair higher than fives.
You said $11,000.
I said 11.
It's not a--
So therefore you should have
to make the minimum bet.
Oh.
That's the correct rules.
OK.
So he is playing the role
of tournament director.
OK.
Great.
Well, what that,
in essence, means
is that Sander Lylloff
gets a free card right now.
24 is the minimum, right?
Yeah.
That's the bet.
24.
24.
Unfortunately, Greg got
caught up in his words,
and he's been punished for it.
Turn card is a
seven of diamonds.
Well, now, Greg Dyer has
picked up a straight draw.
And a five is sure to have
caused a lot of action
on this river.
That might be enough to get
Sander Lylloff to lay down
the fives.
He might put Greg on the draw.
A couple of spades, a couple
of diamonds, the straight
draw out there as well.
And that's probably
why he has called here.
River card.
Four of clubs.
Greg Dyer misses on the river.
This is an interesting
pot right now.
I would not expect Lylloff to
make that call in the turn,
but he has.
And having made
that call the turn,
he has to make the call
in the river as well.
Well Greg Dyer can only
win this hand by betting.
Can he make a big
enough bet to get
Lylloff to lay down his hand?
Well, right now, Dyer
is hoping, in a sense,
that Lylloff was on a draw.
Because if he wasn't on a draw,
he's already made up his mind.
He called on turn.
He's going to call on river.
And that's what we see people
do so often here, getting
called in these situations.
But has Lylloff
experienced enough here?
$330,000.
That's a big bet from Greg Dyer.
And I'm not sure if
I was sitting there
with a pair of fives,
staring at the board
and playing the hand back in
my head I could make the call.
But that's what he does.
That is an amazing call.
But it's not a good play by Dyer
because he knows that Lylloff
made his choice on the turn.
Which is eight high and
with a pair of fives.
That's a pot of $1.1 million.
And that is a confidence pot.
Sander's instincts were correct.
And instincts just
get better over time.
Take Erik Seidel, for example.
He's played more poker
than you've had hot meals.
And Erik ate Dzmitry
Urbanovich's lunch
in the EPT 11 Grand
Finals Super High Roller.
We're going to sweat with
Erik Seidel here, which
means we're only going
to see his hold cards.
Sweating with one of
the best in the world.
I love it.
Urbanovich completes.
Check.
Seidel's hand is jack,
four of diamonds.
He's checked his option.
I like a free flop
with this hand.
Sure.
Only one diamond on the flop.
Seidel has checked and
Urbanovich checks behind.
Oh, there's another diamond.
Hello, flush draw.
Finally.
Here comes a bet from
Urbanovich. $300,000.
Totally fine with a call here.
There is the call.
The river card is a heart.
Seidel with just jack high.
So now we just want
a free showdown.
I don't think Seidel
is going to get it.
Urbanovich bet's 525k.
Well, for me personally,
this is an instant fold.
I just don't see how
we're ever winning here.
Yes, we know he tries
to win every single pot.
But we're losing to
some of his bluffs even.
But Erik Seidel, not me.
He's a really good
poker player, and it
looks like he's thinking
about a heroing.
Heroing with jack high?
I still can't quite believe he
is thinking about calling this.
He's called with jack high!
Makes a call I wouldn't make.
And he's right!
And wins a pot I wouldn't win.
In a tournament I
would never be in.
Wow!
Behold the master at work!
That is 5 and 0
for the old timer.
Urbanovich is getting his
lunch eaten, and he knows it.
Well, that heads up
battle against Seidel
made Urbanovich rethink
his approach to the game.
At number three, more
Super High Roller
supremeness at the 2015 PCA.
With the title on the
line, Steve O'Dwyer
found himself facing
an audacious bluff
from amateur Roger Sippl.
Ace, 10 for Steve O'Dwyer.
Uh-oh.
Steve's doing the
dominance dance.
He calls.
Plays it kind of slow.
A flop.
It's queen, eight, eight.
It's gutshot for Sippl.
O'Dwyer still ahead
with ace high.
O'Dwyer is playing in-flow.
He's checked the
action to Sippl.
And Steve can now
call a lot of c-bets
because it's a smaller pot.
It's a chunky c-bet
from Roger. $750k.
And I don't think Roger is going
to have much here very often.
O'Dwyer calls.
A pot of $2.4 million.
The turn card is a deuce.
It changes nothing.
Can Roger-- nope?
Check, check on the turn.
The river card?
A three.
It's a brick.
Sippl misses his draw.
Ace high is the best hand.
O'Dwyer checks for a third time.
Oh my.
And Sippl bluff
shoves the river!
Roger.
Roger, what are you doing to me?
This is really tricky.
Last time Roger did
this, he was stronger
than the drinks at
the player's party.
This is not how most players
are going to play their bluffs.
And that is certainly
the kind of thing
a player of Steve O'Dwyer's
caliber is going to notice.
We can see he has the best hand.
A lot of players are going
to fold in this spot.
And if Steve does fold,
he'll still have a two to one
chip lead over Roger.
But considering he
has the best hand,
if he heroes with ace high,
he will win the tournament.
Father time is going
to need some time.
Your call.
He calls!
It's over.
Good call.
Incredible call.
Ace high.
With that hand,
Steve O'Dwyer wins!
Wow.
I didn't have you on a pair,
and you didn't have one.
I didn't think you were
going to make that call.
I was worried I had a 10, and
you blocked me your gutshot,
so.
At number two we revisit
the EPT8 Berlin Main Event
and Davidi Kitai's quest
for the third jewel
of the Triple Crown.
Jack, 7, 5 flop.
Ace high still good.
Kitai checks.
Checking to the
pre-flop aggressor.
Chen should continue.
He does. $330,000.
Ace high will often
be the best hand.
Just like it is on this hand.
Kitai calls.
Nine of spades on the turn.
Changes nothing.
Kitai checks a second time.
Let's see if Chen
slows down as well.
He does.
He checks behind.
Ten of clubs on the river.
You would expect it to go check,
check, maybe check, bluff here.
But it looks like we're going
to see a bet from Davidi Kitai.
Is this a value bet or a bluff?
Pretty sure he
doesn't want to call,
so I'm guessing this
is a bluff to try
to fold out a seven or a five.
Chen should be ditching
this right about now.
But he's not.
I know he's not calling.
Well, this is certainly a bluff.
A raise to more
than $1.5 million.
To be perfectly
honest, there are
tons of hands Andrew could have
here that have ace, three beat.
Tons.
Kitai is not taking his
gaze off Chen at all.
It's like me with
a chubby redhead.
This would be some kind of
absolute sick soul read.
Awesome call alert!
Agreed.
I don't know how
often ace, three is
going to be good in that spot.
But it's infrequently
enough that I'm
confident saying that is a
losing play in the long run.
But Davidi Kitai
just made a soul
read on par with Mystic Meg.
Kitai went on to win
the title and earn
that coveted Triple Crown.
While talking to players who
have won a lot of tournaments,
Jason Mercier is it number one.
Before anyone knew his name,
he came to Italy in 2008
to play EPT4 Sanremo.
And he made the call
that launched a career.
OK.
Five, nine there
for Jason Mercier.
Wow.
Now, he's suddenly--
This is not something
we've seen before, is it?
No.
Well, four-handed.
You see, he's going to
start opening up now
that four-handed.
The right thing to do.
Good for him.
He set up a table image.
Yeah.
Going to capitalize on that.
$80,000.
I can't see him
getting called unless--
Anthony pass, small pass.
Eric calls.
Eric is making a mistake here.
He really is.
He's calling just to
try to outplay him.
So if you've got aces--
Two pairs.
Eric check in the dark.
Let's see what happens here.
I hate that.
He is checked in the dark again.
Yeah.
Five, jack, six.
Jason checks.
Jason checks as well.
It's an eight.
What is Koskas going to do now?
220.
$220,000 from Eric.
Betting $220,000 into
a pot of $187,000.
$220,000.
Did he say, call?
Oh, he has picked
up a middle pin
straight with his pair of fives.
So he needs a seven or a nine.
Actually, as it is.
He doesn't actually
need anything.
But if he thinks he's behind,
that's what he thinks he needs.
Exactly.
Yeah.
That's what I'm thinking
in my head, too.
Board is five, jack, six, eight.
Koskas didn't like that call.
An eight.
OK.
I'm all in.
Eric all in.
Wow.
Very great.
Great, strong player there.
If Mercier can
pick this up, this
will be an incredible call.
If he can.
How much is he
going to call here?
$700,000.
And his stack is $2,244,000.
So he'll still be
left $1.3 million
if he calls and gets it wrong.
Has he got a jack in his hand?
He got an eight.
Think it through.
He's thinking it through.
Checking out his body language.
He's looking at Eric out
of the corner of his eye.
From what we've
seen of Jason, do we
think he can make this call?
I have no idea.
Can he get a read
on Eric Koskas?
I think he thinks his
two pair are good here.
I think, instinctively, he
thinks his two pair are good.
Remember that these guys
play hundreds and hundreds
and hundreds of hands online.
They have a feel for
when they might be ahead.
What's he got?
Ace, king?
If he's got no
pair, then I'm good.
Could he be in
betting a flush draw?
If his instinct is that
his two pairs are good,
he's just got to decide
whether trust his instincts
and that's what he does.
What a great call.
He's made the call,
and Koskas will
show he had absolutely nothing.
That is an absolutely
excellent call.
He went with his instincts,
he made the call,
and he has eliminated
Eric Koskas.
He has.
It's a brilliant call.
It's a brilliant,
brilliant call.
Congratulations.
Thank you.
It's wonderful.
Jason now has more than $17
million in life winnings.
And crucially, we now know how
to pronounce his last name.
Well, those are our
top five hero calls.
Keep watching pokerstars.tv
for more countdowns.
[MUSIC PLAYING]
|
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[music]
I think every day is a day to celebrate college students and first gen students as well.
But the one thing that I think is cool about this day, because we didn’t have a day like this when I was in undergrad,
is that you can see how many of your teachers and administrators and another people in your life here at college who went through some of the same things you did.
Who stumbled and learned and grew along the way. So, I think that that is probably a neat opportunity.
We have a lot of those first generations scholars but, then there a lot of those students who don’t have the scholarships but they’re still the first in their family
to get recognized for all of this. So to have that appreciation and to be recognized here on campus it means a lot.
It wasn’t anything that was done in my family. I was the first person to actually enter college
so it was a new venture for my whole family. It was something I think that my family was looking forward to also.
I would have to say my family because they kept making it possible and gave me the encouragement that I needed and sort of a kick in the pants when I needed it.
It’s funny that we sort of gravitated to each other because of a least two out of the four good friends
that I had in college were also first gen so it was sort of like we are all in this together.
My parents, so I call them, like I made a rule with my mom to call her once a week. So even if I get really busy,
I’m a nursing major so we always have a ton of stuff to do, but if I am really busy, I can always just call her
and she’s like you’re doing fine. I’m so glad you’re in college and doing so good.
The most influential person was one of my teaching assistants. He really kind of set the bar on expectations
that I needed to do, to meet in college and just kind of just put everything in perspective.
I think it is important for both students and for the community. I think anytime we can broaden those in our community who bring all kinds of experiences. It’s really important.
I think for students, the opportunity for higher education really opens up opportunities for people. And I think it is part of the mission of Fisher.
There are benefits that do come to the College for having first generation students, but I think the real importance is beyond the College. The real importance is that this is how we strengthen our country.
We bring everybody in, we make everybody capable, we give everybody opportunity. And this is one way to do that. I think that's what makes this important. So yes, it benefits Fisher, because it introduces diversity to our community, but beyond Fisher it benefits all of us.
Being good enough; being able to keep up with the levels of studies. I understood that college level courses were going to be tremendously more difficult than my regents high school curriculum that I had been living under. So, it was just worrying about being able to cutting the muster.
I really worried about things that are common to what probably most students worry about all the time. I want to make sure my grades are up, I want to make sure that I had the grades that I need
in order to get into grad school and subsequently to get a job. I wanted to make sure that I knew people, that I had friends, that I was making contacts and networking and doing all of those things.
I think it is important that we all feel good about our accomplishments, and we have a day where first generation students are noted for being first generation students. Then you are able to appreciate each other and how hard it is to accomplish going to college and getting a degree.
I think it is such an important thing for the whole family, but when you have an opportunity to go to college, I think we need to celebrate that. We need to celebrate
all of the good things that you are doing and all of the good opportunities that this will open up for you and all of the important things that you bring to this community.
So I think it is really fun to be celebrating our first gens today.
It just provides encouragement. And whether you know the folks that are encouraging you or you don’t, feeling part of the community, feeling the encouragement
and the energy that the campus has around supporting student success, I think is an important thing for everyone to understand.
Recognition for being the first one in their families to go to college. Both of my parent obviously didn’t and they’re really proud of me
and I think we should get recognized for taking that leap from staying in our small town to moving on to bigger and better things.
Hi my name is Matha Thornton, Henry Mosicki, Fr. Kevin Mannara, Stephanie Ketterl, Rick DeJesus-Rueff,
Keith Delmote, Jane Snyder, Jose Perales, Wayne Strauss, Clair Smith, Karen Costantini and I am a proud graduate of SUNY Cobleskill!
Grove City College, Syracuse University, St. John Fisher College, Franklin Pierce College, SUNY Brockport, Haverford College, Buffalo State College, Niagara University, UNC Chaple Hill
I graduated in 1989 from the University of Connecticut as a first generation student!
|
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Modern Greek (1453-):
Υπάρχει ένα κομμάτι σου που απόλαυσε
τη δημοσιοποίηση του ότι είσαι λεσβία
Μορμόνος και πορνογράφος;
Φυσικά. Δηλαδή, ναι, λατρεύω
να εκνευρίζω την εκκλησία,
αλλά η παραγωγή πορνό με Μορμόνους
είναι τρομερά διασκεδαστική για μένα.
Αν δεν μεγαλώνεις ως Μορμόνος,
δεν αντιλαμβάνεσαι ότι υπάρχουν
όλα αυτά τα σέξι στοιχεία σε αυτό.
Όμως αν μεγαλώνεις ως Μορμόνος, σε αυτό
το καταπιεσμένο σεξουαλικό περιβάλλον,
υπάρχουν πολλών ειδών πράγματα
σχετικά με αυτό που είναι σέξι.
Ίσως να μην αντιλαμβάνεσαι το
γεγονός ότι αν εγώ σου δείξω
αυτό το πράσινο πράγμα, αυτό
είναι κάτι αυστηρά μυστικό.
Όταν πάρεις τα θρησκευτικά σου ρούχα
από τον ναό
δεν τα δείχνεις σε κανέναν, τουλάχιστον
σε κανέναν μη-Μορμόνο.
Αισθάνομαι πολύ βλάσφημη τώρα.
Είσαι.
Είσαι.
Όποιος το δει αυτό, θα πεθάνει.
Πάμε.
[Ο ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΜΟΡΜΟΝΩΝ ΣΤΟ ΠΟΡΝΟ]
[ΣΟΛΤ ΛΕΙΚ ΣΙΤΙ,
ΓΙΟΥΤΑ]
English:
Is there a part of you that loves the
provocation of being...
a lesbian, Mormon pornographer?
For sure.
Yes, I absolutely love **** off
the church by making Mormon porn.
It’s super fun for me.
If you don’t grow up Mormon you don’t
realize that there’s all these sexy
things about it.
But, if you grow up Mormon...
in this kind of a repressed sexual
environment,
there’s all sorts of things
that are sexy about it.
Like you may not realize the
fact that I’m about to show you
this green thing is,
it’s very secret.
When you get your temple clothes
from the temple,
you don’t show them to anybody,
least of all non-Mormons.
I think I’m being very blasphemous
right now.
You are, you are.
Any Mormon who sees this
is going to die.
And... action.
[Slutever]
[Mormon War on Porn]
Romanian:
Ţi-a plăcut că s-a făcut public
că eşti pornograf lesbian, mormon ?
Sigur. Mi-a plăcut foarte mult
că am enervat biserica
producând pornografie cu mormoni.
E distractiv.
Dacă nu creşti în cultul mormonilor,
nu realizezi că are ritualuri sexy.
Dar, dacă creşti în acel mediu
de reprimare a sexualităţii,
găseşti multe lucruri sexy.
Nu ştii asta, dar faptul că-ţi arăt
această haină verde e ilegal.
Nu ai voie să arăţi nimănui
hainele tale din templu.
- Mai ales, nu celor din afara cultului.
- Mă simt blasfematoare.
Chiar eşti.
Vor muri toţi mormonii
care vor vedea asta.
Acţiune !
RĂZBOIUL MORMON ANTIPORNOGRAFIE
Portuguese:
-Existe uma parte de você que gosta
da provocação de fazer filmes
- eróticos de lésbidas mórmons?
-Claro! Sim, simplesmente
adoro irritar a igreja fazendo pornografia
mórmom. É muito divertido para mim.
Se você não foi criada mórmom, você não
percebe que sempre há coisas sexy ali
Nesse ambiente há uma série de coisas que têm a ver com sexo.
Por exemplo, o fato de usar essa
coisa verde, cobre o que é secreto.
Como as suas roupas de templo,
você não mostra a ninguém.
-Estou blasfemando agora.
-Sim, está.
A qualquer momento você vai morrer.
-Ação
Guerra mórmom à pornografia
French:
Est-ce qu'une partie de toi a aimé
rendre public le fait que tu sois lesbienne,
mormone, pornographe ?
Bien sûr. J'ai vraiment adoré
faire chier l'Église
en faisant du porno mormon.
Je trouve ça super cool.
Si tu n'as pas grandi chez les mormons,
tu ne peux pas comprendre
ce qu'il y a de sexy autour.
Mais si tu as grandi dans
cet environnement de sexualité réprimée,
il y a tout un tas de trucs sexy.
Tu risques de ne pas comprendre
pourquoi je te montre
ce truc vert.
C'est vraiment très secret.
Quand le temple te donne
ta tenue de cérémonie
tu ne la montres à personne.
Surtout pas à des non-mormons.
Genre là, je suis en train de blasphémer grave.
Oh que oui.
Oh que oui.
Quiconque voit ça va mourir.
Et action.
Italian:
C’è anche una parte di te a cui piace
la provocazione insita nell’essere
una regista porno lesbica e mormona?
Certo, assolutamente.
Adoro far incazzare la chiesa
facendo porno mormone.
Mi diverte.
Se non hai ricevuto un’educazione mormona,
non ti rendi conto che ci sono
un sacco di cose molto eccitanti
in essa.
Ma se sei cresciuto mormone, in un ambiente
sessualmente represso,
trovi un sacco di cose eccitanti
in quello che ti circonda.
Forse non lo sai, ma quello
che ti sto mostrando,
questa cosa verde,
è estremamente segreta.
Quando compri i tuoi vestiti per il tempio
non li mostri a nessuno—
di certo non a un non mormone.
Quindi ora sono al massimo della blasfemia.
Sì.
Sì.
Chi vedrà questa scena, morirà.
E... azione.
Serbian:
Prija li ti provokativnost toga
što si lezbejska
mormonska pornografkinja?
Sigurno.
Obožavam da nerviram crkvu
time što snimam mormonsku
pornografiju. To mi je baš zabavno.
Kad ne odrastete među mormonima,
ne znate koliko tu ima seksi stvari.
Ali, kad odrastete
u mormonskom okruženju
punom potisnute seksualnosti,
otkrijete svašta što je tu seksi.
Možda ne shvatate kolika je tajna
ovo zeleno što vam sad pokazujem.
Kad dobijete odeću iz hrama,
ne pokazujete je nikome,
a kamoli nemoronima.
Ja sad bogohulim?
-Da.
Mormon koji ovo vidi dobiće srčku.
Akcija!
MORMONSKI RAT
PROTIV PORNOGRAFIJE
Juta je 2016. godine
postala prva država
English:
In 2016, Utah became the first state
to officially declare porn
a public health crisis.
Making waves across the world,
the BBC, Time magazine, USA Today,
even The Daily Show...
All of them, talking about a measure
declaring pornography
a public health crisis.
This anti-pornography resolution
claims that porn has a detrimental
effect on brain function, contributes
to emotional and medical illnesses,
and causes deviant sexual arousal.
Weird, porn has always been good
to me.
I guess that means
I’m a psychotic pervert.
It seemed like there was a lot of
holes in this story,
and I wanted to
get to the bottom of all of them.
So I started at the most logical
place... a Mormon porn site.
I’m here at a secret location, about
to meet “Brooke,” who’s the founder
of the porn site Mormongirlz.com.
The pornography itself is actually
quite funny and well-made,
and self-aware.
I’m here to prepare you for my seed.
Portuguese:
Em 2016, Utah tornou-se o primeiro
estado a oficialmente declarar
a pornografia um problema de saúde pública.
Ondas de todo o mundo, BBC, Time, USA
Today e até mesmo o The Daily Show,
todos falando da medida que
declara a pornografia como
uma crise na saúde pública.
Essa resolução anti-pornografia
alega que a pornografia
é nociva às funções cerebrais,
agrava doenças emocionais e físicas,
e causa excitação sexual perversa.
Estranho. Pornografia sempre foi bom para mim
acho que isso significa que sou
uma pervertida sexual pervertida.
Parece haver muitos buracos na
estoria e quero ir ao fundo disso.
Então comecei pelo lugar mais lógico
Um set de pornografia mórmom.
Estou aqui numa localização
secreta para conhecer "Brooke"
fundadora do site mormongirlz.com
A pornografia em si é meio
engraçada, bem feita, consciente
Estou aqui para limpar seus pecados.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Το 2016, η Γιούτα έγινε η πρώτη πολιτεία
που ανακήρυξε επίσημα το πορνό
κρίση της δημόσιας υγείας.
Προκαλούν αναστάτωση σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο.
Το BBC, το περιοδικό Time, το USA Today,
ακόμα και το Daily Show, όλα τους
μιλούν για ένα μέτρο που κηρύσσει την
πορνογραφία κρίση δημόσιας υγείας.
Αυτό το ψήφισμα κατά της πορνογραφίας
ισχυρίζεται ότι
το πορνό έχει επιβλαβείς επιπτώσεις
στη λειτουργία του εγκεφάλου,
συμβάλλει στην ανάπτυξη συναισθηματικών
και ιατρικών ασθενειών
και προκαλεί αποκλίνουσα
σεξουαλική διέγερση.
Περίεργο. Το πορνό πάντα
έκανε καλό σε εμένα.
Υποθέτω πως αυτό σημαίνει ότι
είμαι ψυχωτική και διεστραμμένη.
Φαινόταν πως υπάρχουν πολλά
κενά σε αυτή την ιστορία
και ήθελα να εξερευνήσω
σε βάθος κάθε ένα από αυτά.
Έτσι, ξεκίνησα από το πιο λογικό μέρος,
ένα πλατό για μορμονικό πορνό.
Βρίσκομαι σε μια μυστική τοποθεσία
και πρόκειται να συναντήσω την Brooke,
ιδρυτή του πορνογραφικού site
Mormongirls.com.
Το πορνό είναι στην πραγματικότητα
αρκετά αστείο
καλοφτιαγμένο και έχει αυτογνωσία.
Βρίσκομαι εδώ για να σε προετοιμάσω
για τον σπόρο μου.
French:
En 2016, l'Utah est devenu le premier État
à faire officiellement du porno
une crise de santé publique.
Et cela a fait du bruit à travers le monde.
La BBC, Time Magazine, USA Today,
et même le Daily Show ont parlé
d'une mesure qui fait de la pornographie
une crise de santé publique.
Cette résolution anti-pornographie déclare
que le porno a un effet nocif
sur le fonctionnement du cerveau,
qu'il favorise des maladies
et des problèmes émotionnels
et encourage la déviance sexuelle.
Bizarre. Le porno
m'a toujours fait du bien.
J'imagine que ça fait de moi
une perverse psychotique.
Il semblait y avoir
beaucoup de vides dans cette histoire
et je voulais tous les explorer à fond.
Donc je suis partie de l'endroit
le plus logique, un plateau de porno mormon.
Je suis dans un lieu secret
pour rencontrer Brooke,
la fondatrice du site porno
Mormongirlz.com.
La pornographie est assez amusante,
bien faite et consciente d'elle-même.
Je suis là pour te préparer
de la tête aux pieds.
Italian:
Nel 2016, lo Utah è stato il primo stato americano
a dichiarare il porno
un’emergenza sanitaria nazionale.
La notizia ha fatto il giro del mondo.
BBC, Time Magazine, USA Today,
anche il Daily Show, tutti
hanno parlato del decreto
che equiparava la pornografia a una crisi sanitaria.
Secondo il decreto anti-porno
il porno ha un effetto nocivo
sulla mente.
Contribuisce a malattie fisiche
e psicologiche
e causa eccitazione sessuale perversa.
Strano, il porno
mi ha sempre fatto sentire bene.
Credo significhi
che sono una psicopatica pervertita.
Mi pare ci siano un sacco di cose
che non tornano in questa storia.
E volevo cercare di fare
un po’ di chiarezza.
Ho cominciato dal posto più logico,
il set di un porno mormone.
Sono qui, in un luogo segreto,
per incontrare "Brooke”,
la fondatrice del sito porno
Mormongirls.com.
La sua pornografia è divertente,
ben fatta, e consapevole.
Ti preparerò ad accogliere il mio seme.
Serbian:
koja je proglasila pornografiju
pretnjom po javno zdravlje.
Ova vest uzburkala je svet.
BBC, časopis Tajm,
dnevne novine, emisija Dejli šou.
Svi pričaju o meri
po kojoj pornografija
ugrožava javno zdravlje.
U ovoj antipornografskoj odluci,
tvrdi se da pornografija
štetno deluje na funkcije mozga,
da doprinosi emocionalnim
i fizičkim bolestima,
i da izaziva
devijantne seksualne nadražaje.
Čudno: prema meni je pornjava
uvek bila dobra.
Biće da sam psihotična i izopačena.
Izgledalo mi je kao da ova priča
ima puno rupa,
i htela sam sve da ih pročačkam.
Počela sam na najlogičnijem mestu.
Na snimanju mormonskog pornića.
Na tajnoj sam lokaciji
gde ću se naći sa "Bruk",
koja je osnovala porno-sajt
Mormongirlz.com.
Njena pornografija je dosta duhovita
i pravljena sa ironičnim odmakom.
Pripremiću te za svoje seme.
Romanian:
În 2016, Utah a devenit primul stat
care a declarat pornografia
un risc pentru sănătatea publică.
Valuri în toată lumea. BBC, revista Time,
USA Today şi chiar şi The Daily Show
relatează că pornografia a fost declarată
risc pentru sănătatea publică.
Această moţiune
împotriva pornografiei susţine
că pornografia afectează
funcţiile creierului,
contribuie la boli emoţionale şi provoacă
comportament sexual neadecvat.
Pornografia mi-a făcut numai bine.
Probabil că sunt psihopată şi perversă.
Această poveste părea să aibă
multe lacune,
şi am vrut să le lămuresc.
Am început de unde era logic:
platourile de filmare.
Mă aflu într-o locaţie secretă,
unde o s-o cunosc pe "Brooke", fondatoarea
site-ului porno mormongirlz.com
Materialele pornografice sunt amuzante,
bine făcute şi asumate.
Am venit să te pregătesc
pentru sămânţa mea.
Portuguese:
Então eu gostaria de saber
o que ela pensa disso
porque ela cresceu numa comunidade
mórmom, e já que deixou
a igreja, é claro, está nessa industria
tão estigmatizada.
Brooke pediu para permanecer
anônima, pois se aparecesse como
produtora de pornografia, isso poderia
devastar sua familia e sua comunidade.
-Então você cresceu em Utah,
numa família muito religiosa?
Sim, numa grande família mórmom.
Então o que isso significa,
especialmente para alguém como eu, gay, sexual,
onanista,
todas essas coisas proibidas, certo?
Também me sentir muito livre
porque lésbicas não existem
-na consciência mórmom.
-Você tinha vergonha disso,
ou tinha uma atitude mais livre?
Tinha muita vergonha e
mantinha isso em segredo.
E a pornografia de certa forma me
ajudou a explorar minha sexualidade
-e descobrir o que eu sou.
-Certo, diga o que está no menu.
Romanian:
Mă interesează
părerea ei pe această temă,
pentru că a crescut
în comunitatea mormonă,
dar a părăsit secta de atunci.
Acum, lucrează în această industrie
stigmatizată a pornografiei.
Brooke a cerut să rămână anonimă.
Dacă ar dezvălui că e pornograf,
şi-ar distruge relaţiile
cu familia şi cu toată comunitatea.
Ai crescut în Utah,
într-o familie foarte religioasă.
Da, o familie mormonă habotnică.
Iar asta înseamnă...
Mai ales pentru mine,
care sunt gay, senzuală,
mă uit la pornografie şi mă masturbez.
Toate astea sunt interzise.
A fost şi mai ciudat, fiindcă lesbianismul
nu există în mentalitatea mormonă.
Îţi era ruşine de asta
sau aveai o atitudine mai liberală ?
Îmi era foarte ruşine şi ţineam secret.
Pornografia m-a ajutat.
M-a ajutat să-mi descopăr sexualitatea
şi să descopăr cine sunt.
Îţi arată ce opţiuni ai în meniu.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι, με ενδιαφέρει να ακούσω
την άποψή της γι αυτό, επειδή
μεγάλωσε σε μια κοινότητα Μορμόνων
και από τότε, έχει αφήσει την εκκλησία.
Και φυσικά βρίσκεται σε αυτή την εξαιρετικά
στιγματισμένη βιομηχανία.
Η Brooke ζήτησε να διατηρήσει
την ανωνυμία της,
καθώς αν έβγαινε να μιλήσει δημόσια
ως παραγωγός πορνό
ενδέχεται να καταστρέψει τους δεσμούς με
την οικογένεια και την κοινότητά της.
Λοιπόν, μεγάλωσες στη Γιούτα, σε μια
πολύ θρησκευόμενη οικογένεια.
Ναι, σε μια μεγάλη οικογένεια Μορμόνων.
Έτσι, αυτό σημαίνει, ειδικά
για κάποια σαν εμένα
που είναι γκέι, σεξουαλική,
παρακολουθεί πορνό, αυνανίζεται,
όλα αυτά ήταν απαγορευμένα, έτσι;
Επίσης αισθανόμουν ακόμα πιο φρικιό
επειδή η γυναικεία ομοφυλοφιλία
δεν υπάρχει ουσιαστικά
στο μυαλό των Μορμόνων.
Αισθανόσουν ντροπή λόγω αυτού ή
είχες μια κάπως πιο απελευθερωμένη στάση;
Αισθανόμουν μεγάλη ντροπή, ήμουν
πολύ μυστικοπαθής σχετικά με αυτό.
Και το πορνό με βοήθησε κάπως
με τη σεξουαλικότητά μου,
να καταλάβω δηλαδή τι είμαι, ξέρεις;
Σωστά, σου λέει τι υπάρχει
στο μενού κατά κάποιον τρόπο.
Ναι.
English:
I’m so interested to hear what her
take on it is, because she grew up
in a Mormon community and has
since left the church.
And now, of course, is in this
extremely stigmatized industry.
Brooke has asked to remain anonymous.
If she came out as being
a pornographer,
it might really devastate ties with
her family and her entire community.
So you grew up in Utah in a
very religious family.
Yeah, in a big, Mormon family.
So... what that means is, especially
for someone like me, who’s gay,
sexual, looking at porn,
masturbating...
all of those things were off limits,
right?
I also felt extra freaky, because
lesbianism doesn’t actually
exist in the Mormon consciousness.
Were you feeling shame because of
that? Or did you somehow...
have a more liberated attitude?
Yeah, I felt a lot of shame.
I was very secretive about it,
and...
porn kind of helped me
explore my sexuality.
Like, figure out what I am,
you know?
Right. It tells you what’s
on the menu, kind of.
Yeah.
Italian:
Voglio capire il suo punto di vista,
perché è cresciuta nella chiesa mormona
e poi l’ha abbandonata.
E adesso lavora in un settore
estremamente stigmatizzato.
Brooke ha chiesto di rimanere anonima.
Se si scoprisse cosa fa,
i legami con la sua famiglia e
con la sua comunità andrebbero distrutti.
Quindi sei cresciuta in Utah,
in una famiglia molto religiosa.
Sì, una grande famiglia mormona.
Questo vuol dire che—
specialmente per una persona come me,
gay, che esprime la sua sessualità,
guarda porno, si masturba...
Tutte queste cose sono
vietate, capisci?
Mi sono sempre sentita fuori luogo
perché le lesbiche non esistono
nell’idea di mondo mormona.
Ti vergognavi per questo,
o in qualche modo
ti sentivi ancora più libera?
Sì, mi vergognavo molto,
lo vivevo come un segreto.
E il porno mi ha aiutata
con la mia sessualità,
mi ha fatto capire chi ero.
Sì, in pratica ti dice
che esiste anche quello, no?
Serbian:
Pa me zanima
kako to ona doživljava,
pošto je odrasla u mormonskoj
zajednici i napustila crkvu.
A sad je u ovoj krajnje
stigmatizovanoj industriji.
"Bruk" je tražila
da ostane anonimna.
Ako bi objavila
da snima pornografiju,
to bi moglo da joj uništi odnose
sa porodicom i celom zajednicom.
Odrasla si u Juti
u pobožnoj porodici.
Da, u velikoj mormonskoj porodici.
Šta to znači
za nekoga kao što sam ja?
Nekog ko je gej, ispoljava
seksualnost, gleda porniće,
masturbira, a sve to je zabranjeno.
Osećala sam se kao još veći čudak
jer lezbejke ne postoje
u mormonskoj svesti.
Jesi li zbog toga osećala sramotu
ili nekakvu rasterećenost?
Bilo me je sramota,
to sam baš krila.
Pornografija mi je pomogla
sa seksualnošću.
Da otkrijem šta sam.
Otkriva ti šta sve
ima na jelovniku. -To.
French:
Je me demande ce qu'elle en pense,
puisqu'elle a grandi
dans une communauté mormone,
même si depuis, elle a quitté l'Église.
Et maintenant, elle est dans
cette industrie extrêmement stigmatisée.
Brooke a demandé à rester anonyme
parce que si l'on découvrait qu'elle fait du porno,
cela pourrait détruire ses relations
avec sa famille et toute sa communauté.
Tu as grandi dans l'Utah,
dans une famille très religieuse.
Oui, une grande famille mormone.
Donc, pour quelqu'un
comme moi qui est
homo, très branchée sexe,
qui regarde du porno et se masturbe...
Tous ces trucs étaient interdits.
Tu comprends ?
Je me sentais d'autant plus étrange
que le lesbianisme n'existe pas
dans la conscience mormone.
Tu avais honte à cause de ça
ou tu avais
un état d'esprit plus libre ?
J'avais honte,
je gardais ça secret.
Et le porno m'a aidée
avec ma sexualité,
à découvrir qui je suis et tout ça.
Ça te dit ce qu'il en est, si on veut ?
Voilà.
Serbian:
Jesu li teme
koje obrađuješ u pornjavi
zasnovane na stvarnim iskustvima
koje si imala u mormonskoj crkvi?
Svakako crpim inspiraciju
iz odrastanja za scene na sajtu,
recimo sa predsednikom Ouksom.
Obećavaš da ćeš me slušati?
On igra mormonskog biskupa.
Biskup svake godine
održi dva razgovora
sa svakim članom svoje zajednice.
Počinje se kad su mladi.
Svaka dvanaestogodišnja devojčica
sama je u sobi
sa starijim čovekom
koji joj postavlja pitanja
o njenom seksualnom ponašanju,
mislima, požudi, fantazijama...
Jesi li ikad pomislila
na seks sa bratom? -Ne.
Čula sam
da je predsednik Ouks nastran,
plašila sam se
da ostanem sama s njim.
Ja sam prošla te razgovore.
Oni su sigurno inspirisali scene.
Prošla sam kroz hram. Nosila sam
tajni donji veš, prošla sam obrede
gde žene iz hrama obavljaju
obrede na mom telu,
Romanian:
Temele explorate în pornografia ta
sunt inspirate
din experienţe reale
trăite de tine printre mormoni ?
Îmi folosesc copilăria ca inspiraţie
pentru anumite scene.
Spre exemplu, preşedintele Oaks.
Promiţi să mă cinsteşti şi să mă respecţi?
El întruchipează
un episcop mormon obişnuit.
Unul dintre ritualuri
e să ţină două interviuri pe an
cu fiecare membru al parohiei.
Se începe de la o vârstă fragedă.
Fetele de 12 ani stau singure,
într-o cameră, cu un bărbat mai bătrân
care le întreabă despre sexualitatea lor,
despre gânduri şi dorinţe.
Te-ai gândit vreodată
să faci sex cu fratele tău?
Nu!
Am auzit
că Oaks poate fi un mare pervers.
Mi-a fost puţin teamă
să rămân singură cu el.
Eu am fost la aceste interviuri
cu episcopul meu.
Unele scene sunt bazate pe asta.
Am intrat în templul mormon,
am purtat acea lenjerie secretă.
Am participat la ritualurile
în care lucrătoarele de la templu
French:
Beaucoup des sujets que tu explores
dans tes pornos sont basés sur
des expériences que tu as eues
durant ta vie dans l'Église mormone ?
J'utilise clairement mon éducation
comme une inspiration
pour différentes scènes sur le site,
par exemple avec le Président Oaks.
Tu promets de m'honorer
et de m'obéir ?
Il représente
l'évêque mormon en général.
L'un de ses trucs,
c'est de mener 2 entretiens par an
avec chaque membre de sa congrégation.
Et ça commence tôt,
vers l'âge de 12 ans.
Donc chaque fillette de 12 ans
est seule dans une pièce
avec cet homme plus âgé
qui leur pose des questions
sur leurs comportements sexuels,
leurs pensées, leurs désirs.
As-tu déjà pensé
à faire l'amour avec ton frère ?
Non.
J'ai entendu dire que le Président Oaks
pouvait être très pervers
et j'étais nerveuse à l'idée
de me retrouver seule avec lui.
J'ai eu ces entretiens avec mon évêque.
Et je m'en inspire clairement
pour certaines scènes.
J'ai aussi été dans le temple mormon.
J'ai porté ces sous-vêtements secrets
et j'ai vécu les rituels
où des femmes du temple
pratiquaient des rites sur mon corps,
English:
Are a lot of the themes that
you explore in your porn
based on actual experiences that you
had in the Mormon church growing up?
I definitely use my upbringing as
inspiration for different...
scenes on the site.
For example, with President Oaks.
Do you promise to honor and obey me?
He’s the general stand-in
for a Mormon bishop.
One of the things he does... is he
conducts two interviews each year
with every member
of his congregation.
And they start young,
like at 12 years old.
So every 12-year-old girl is
alone in a room with this older guy.
And he’s asking her questions
about her sexual behaviors,
her thoughts, her desires.
Have you ever thought about having
sex with your brother?
No.
I’ve heard that President Oaks
can be a real pervert.
And I was nervous about
being alone with him.
I went through those interviews
with my bishop.
That's definitely inspiration
for scenes.
Also, I went through
the Mormon temple.
I wore that secret underwear.
I went through the rituals where...
a female temple worker
was doing rituals on my body
Modern Greek (1453-):
Πολλά από τα θέματα που εξερευνάς
στις ταινίες σου βασίζονται
σε πραγματικές εμπειρίες που βίωσες
μεγαλώνοντας στη μορμονική Εκκλησία;
Οπωσδήποτε χρησιμοποιώ την
ανατροφή μου ως έμπνευση
για διάφορες σκηνές στο site, για
παράδειγμα αυτό με τον πρόεδρο Oaks.
Υπόσχεσαι να με τιμάς και να με υπακούς;
Είναι γενικά ένας αντικαταστάτης του
επισκόπου των Μορμόνων.
Ένα από τα πράγματα που κάνει είναι
να διεξάγει δυο συνεντεύξεις κάθε χρόνο
με κάθε μέλος της Εκκλησίας του.
Και ξεκινούν νέοι, στα 12 έτη.
Οπότε κάθε 12χρονο κορίτσι
είναι μόνο του σε ένα δωμάτιο
με αυτόν τον μεγαλύτερο άντρα και
αυτός τους κάνει ερωτήσεις σχετικά με
τις σεξουαλικές τους συμπεριφορές,
τις σκέψεις, τις επιθυμίες τους.
Σκέφτηκες ποτέ να κάνεις
σεξ με τον αδερφό σου;
Όχι.
Άκουσα ότι ο πρόεδρος Oaks
είναι πολύ διεστραμμένος
και με άγχωσε το γεγονός ότι
θα μείνω μόνη μαζί του.
Πέρασα από αυτές τις συνεντεύξεις
με τον επίσκοπό μου.
Αυτό σίγουρα αποτελεί έμπνευση
για τις σκηνές μου.
Επίσης πέρασα από τον
ναό των Μορμόνων,
φόρεσα αυτό το μυστικό εσώρουχο,
πέρασα τα τελετουργικά
κατά τα οποία γυναίκες που δούλευαν στον
ναό έκαναν τελετουργικά στο σώμα μου
Italian:
Un sacco di temi che tu affronti
nei porno, sono basati
su esperienze reali, che hai vissuto?
Sì, mi sono sicuramente ispirata
alla mia educazione
per diverse scene,
per esempio quella con il presidente Oaks.
Prometti di onorarmi e obbedirmi?
Rappresenta un vescovo mormone
in generale.
Uno dei suoi compiti
è condurre ogni anno dei colloqui
con ogni singolo membro della congregazione.
Cominciano quando hai circa 12 anni.
Quindi ogni ragazzina dodicenne
si trova sola in una stanza
con questo signore più grande
che le fa domande
sulla sua vita sessuale,
i suoi pensieri, i suoi desideri.
Hai mai pensato di fare sesso
con tuo fratello?
No.
Avevo sentito dire che il presidente Oaks
sa essere un vero pervertito.
Avevo paura di rimanere
sola con lui.
Anch’io ho fatto i colloqui
con il mio vescovo.
Ho preso spunto da questi colloqui
per alcune scene.
Sono passata per il tempio mormone.
Ho indossato la biancheria segreta,
ho vissuto sulla mia pelle i rituali
che le donne che lavorano nel tempio
praticano sulle ragazze.
Portuguese:
Os temas que você explora nos filmes vêm
de experiencias suas na igreja e saindo dela?
Minha criação foi a inspiração para cenas.
Por exemplo, "Presidente Oaks".
Você promete me honrar e obedecer?
Ele é um bom modelo de bispo mórmom.
Uma das coisas que ele faz é
conduzir duas entrevistas por ano
com cada membro da congregação.
Então começa cedo, com doze anos.
Então todas as garotas
ficam sós com ele na sala
que faz perguntas sobre
seus comportamentos sexuais,
ou pensamentos, desejos.
-Você já pensou em fazer essas coisas?
-Não.
Ouvi dizer que o Presidente
Oaks pode ser muito pervertido.
E eu estava nervosa por estar a sós com ele.
Eu fui a essas entrevistas com meu
bispo e são muito inspsiradoras.
Eu também fui a um tempo mórmom
e vesti a roupa íntima secreta.
Fui a rituais no templo feminino
em que fazem rituais em meu corpo
Romanian:
îmi băgau mâna pe sub robă
şi mângâiau diferite zone ale corpului.
Totul se regăseşte în pornografie.
Aici păstrez tot echipamentul mormon.
Asta e ţinuta de templu.
După ce devii major,
nu mai porţi lenjerie de oameni normali.
Îţi dau lenjerie intimă specială.
Se numesc "veşminte".
Le porţi în fiecare zi pe piele,
ca să te protejeze.
- De ce să te protejeze ?
- De forţe malefice.
Primeşti lenjeria intimă şi rochia,
şi apoi participi la ritualuri.
Ai acest veşmânt,
un şorţ în formă de frunză de smochin.
Reprezintă frunza de smochin
din grădina Eden.
Semnifică modestia ta.
Sorţul verde şi acest halat
sunt greu de găsit.
Nu le primeşti
dacă nu eşti mormon de rang înalt.
Cum ai făcut rost de ele pentru filmări ?
Prin diverse mijloace.
Uneori, membrii entuziaşti
French:
glissaient leurs mains sous mes vêtements
et caressaient
différentes parties de mon corps.
Ça marche très bien pour le porno.
C'est ici que je garde
toutes les tenues mormones.
Donc ça, c'est la tenue du temple.
Passé un certain âge, tu arrêtes de porter
des sous-vêtements normaux
et tu mets ces sous-vêtements spéciaux mormons,
appelés les "vêtements saints".
On les porte tous les jours.
Donc c'est vraiment contre ta peau,
pour ta protection.
Une protection contre quoi ?
Les forces du mal.
Une fois que tu as
les sous-vêtements et la tenue,
tu participes à des rituels mormons.
Il y a ça, un tablier
qui représente une feuille de figuier.
C'est censé représenter
une feuille de figuier du jardin d'Éden.
C'est ce qui te rend décente.
Le tablier vert et cette robe
sont difficiles à trouver,
tu ne peux pas en avoir
si tu n'es pas une véritable mormone.
Comment tu les as eus pour le porno ?
Par différents moyens.
Parfois, des membres enthousiastes
Portuguese:
colocam suas mãos sob minhas roupas
e acariciam partes do meu corpo.
Então coloquei tudo na pornografia.
Aqui está o aparato mórmom.
Esta é sua roupa de templo.
Quando chega a idade, você para
de usar roupas íntimas normais
e passa a usar essas roupas íntimas
especiais que chamam de vestes.
Você usa todos os dias. Está junto
da sua pele para sua proteção.
-Contra o quê?
-Forças do mal no mundo.
Você tem as vestes e o vestido para usar nos rituais.
Tem isso, um avental de folhas do jardim do Éden.
Elas representam a modéstia.
Então esse avental verde e esta
parte são difíceis de conseguir.
Se não conseguir um desses, tem que improvisar.
Como você consegue isso para os filmes?
Por vários meios.
Às vezes há membros fervorosos que
não estão mais ligados à igreja
Modern Greek (1453-):
κατά τα οποία τα χέρια τους
γλιστρούσαν κάτω από τα ρούχα μου
και χάιδευαν διάφορα σημεία
του σώματός μου,
όλα αυτά έχουν μεταφερθεί και στο πορνό.
Εδώ φυλάω τον εξοπλισμό των Μορμόνων..
Αυτό είναι το ρούχο σου για τον ναό.
Όταν ενηλικιωθείς, σταματάς να φοράς
φυσιολογικά ανθρώπινα εσώρουχα
και αρχίζεις να φοράς ειδικά
εσώρουχα Μορμόνων.
Τα αποκαλούν «ενδύματα»,
τα φοράς κάθε μέρα.
Οπότε βρίσκονται πάνω στο δέρμα σου,
για τη δική σου προστασία.
Προστασία από τι;
Τις κακές δυνάμεις στον κόσμο.
Οπότε έχεις τα εσώρουχά σου,
έχεις το φόρεμά σου,
και έπειτα θα συμμετάσχεις σε μερικά
τελετουργικά Μορμόνων.
Υπάρχει αυτό που είναι ποδιά-φύλλο συκής.
Αντιπροσωπεύει το φύλλο συκής
από τον Κήπο της Εδέμ.
Οπότε αυτό είναι η σεμνότητά σου.
Την πράσινη ποδιά και αυτή τη ρόμπα
είναι πιο δύσκολο να τα πάρεις,
δεν μπορείς να τα πάρεις αν δεν είσαι
υψηλό ενεργό μέλος των Μορμόνων.
Και τότε πώς τα πήρες για το πορνό;
Με διάφορα μέσα.
Μερικές φορές, τα ενθουσιώδη μέλη μας
Italian:
Mi infilavano le mani
sotto i vestiti,
mi accarezzavano
tutto il corpo.
Tutto questo è finito nei miei porno.
Qui è dove tengo
l’abbigliamento mormone.
Questo è ciò che indossiamo nel tempio.
Quando arrivi a una certa età
smetti di portare mutande normali
e cominci a portare
queste mutande speciali.
Si chiamano paramenti,
e le indossi tutti i giorni.
Sono molto aderenti, per proteggerti.
Proteggerti da cosa?
Dalle forze malvagie del mondo.
Ok, hai le mutande,
il vestito,
poi dovrai partecipare
ad alcuni riti mormoni,
quindi c’è anche questo,
un grembiule a forma di foglia di fico.
Rappresenta la foglia di fico
del giardino dell’Eden.
È un simbolo di modestia.
Il grembiule verde e questo vestito
sono difficili da reperire,
per trovarli devi essere
un mormone ‘certificato’.
E come hai fatti a trovarli per i tuoi film?
Ho i miei modi.
A volte i nostri utenti entusiasti,
Serbian:
gde zađu rukama ispod moje odeće
i miluju mi delove tela.
Sve to nađe put u pornjavu.
Ovde držim mormonsku opremu.
Ovo je odeća iz hrama.
Kad stasaš, prestaješ da nosiš
normalan donji veš.
Počneš da nosiš
posebni mormonski donji veš
koji zovu "rublje". Svaki dan.
Pripijeno ti je uz telo,
radi zaštite. -Od čega?
Zlih sila na svetu.
Imaš donji veš, haljinu,
i onda učestvuješ
u mormonskim obredima.
Tu je i pregača
u obliku smokvinog lista.
Predstavlja smokvin list
iz rajskog vrta. To ti je čednost.
Do zelene pregače
i ovog plašta teže se dolazi.
Dobiješ ih samo
kad si visoko u okviru crkve.
Kako ih nabavljaš za pornografiju?
-Na razne načine.
English:
where they slipped their hands
underneath my clothes
and caressed different parts
of my body.
That all works its way into the porn.
This is where I keep all
the Mormon... gear.
So this is your temple outfit.
When you come of age, you stop
wearing normal people underwear.
And you start wearing these special
Mormon underwear.
They call them garments.
You wear them every day against your
skin for your protection.
Protection against what?
Evil forces in the world.
So you have your underwear, you have
your dress,
and then you’re going to
participate in some Mormon rituals.
So there’s this,
which is a fig leaf apron.
It's meant to represent the fig
leaf from the Garden of Eden.
So this is like your modesty.
The green apron and this robe,
they’re harder to come by.
You can’t get them if you’re not,
like I talked about,
that card-carrying Mormon.
And how do you get them for porn?
Various means.
Sometimes our enthusiastic members,
Portuguese:
que nos enviam todas as suas
roupas e vestes de templo.
-Levadas!
-Super levadas!
Existe um mercado negro de roupas de mórmons?
Exatamente.
-ok, você quer vestir?
-Claro!
Como você acha que essa resolução contra
pornografia vai afetar as pessoas de Utah?
Não sei, quer dizer, certamente não
ajuda as pessoas a sentirem menos
vergonha de sua sexualidade, certo?
Vão simplesmente se esconder.
É um ponto de vista muito anti-sexo.
Há uma certa ironia nos mórmons,
porque poligamia é uma das maiores
contravenções sexuais da história da América.
Por que você veste as pessoas com tanto rigor?
Gostamos de ter uma experiência autêntica, certo?
Porque o publico é mórmom va i ver isso e dizer
"puta merda, estão fazendo a coisa toda"!
Você é mórmom!
Modern Greek (1453-):
που δεν έχουν πια δεσμούς
με την εκκλησία, μας στέλνουν
όλα τους τα παλιά ρούχα,
όλα τα παλιά τους «ενδύματα».
Άτακτοι.
Ναι, πολύ άτακτοι.
Είναι σαν μια μαύρη αγορά
για εσώρουχα Μορμόνων.
Ναι, ακριβώς.
Οκ, θέλεις να το φορέσεις;
Ναι.
Πώς πιστεύεις ότι το ψήφισμα κατά του πορνό
θα επηρεάσει τον κόσμο στη Γιούτα;
Δεν ξέρω.
Δηλαδή, οπωσδήποτε δεν βοηθάει
τους ανθρώπους να αισθάνονται
λιγότερη ντροπή για
τη σεξουαλικότητά τους, σωστά;
Συνεχίζουν να κατηφορίζουν στο μονοπάτι
της σούπερ αντι-σεξουαλικής
οπτικής για τον κόσμο.
Υπάρχει μια ειρωνεία, δηλαδή,
οι Μορμόνοι, λόγω της πολυγαμίας
ήταν από τους πιο διαβόητους σεξουαλικούς
παραβάτες στην ιστορία της Αμερικής.
Γιατί το φοράς αυτό στους ανθρώπους
λίγο πριν γυρίσουν μια σκηνή πορνό;
Μας αρέσει να δείχνουμε
την αυθεντική εμπειρία.
Επειδή οι θεατές που είναι Μορμόμοι λένε:
«Να πάρει, πραγματικά ακολουθούν
ολόκληρη τη διαδικασία!»
Είσαι Μορμόνος!
Romanian:
care nu mai sunt afiliaţi cu biserica
ne trimit vechile lor veşminte.
- Ce obraznici !
- Foarte obraznici.
- E o piaţă neagră cu lenjerie mormonă ?
- Exact.
- Vrei să le probezi ?
- Sigur.
Cum crezi că îi va afecta pe cei din Utah
moţiunea antipornografie ?
Nu ştiu. Nu-i ajută
să se simtă mai puţin ruşinaţi
de sexualitatea lor.
Continuă cu aceeaşi viziune
de luptă împotriva sexului.
Mi se pare ironia perfectă.
Din cauza poligamiei,
mormonii sunt
printre cei mai cunoscuţi
rebeli sexuali din istoria Americii.
De ce îi îmbraci aşa pe actori
înainte să filmeze o scenă porno ?
Vrem să oferim o experienţă autentică.
Spectatorii mormoni vor zice:
"Dumnezeule ! Chiar e pe bune totul."
Eşti mormonă !
Serbian:
Nekad nam članovi sajta
koji više nisu u crkvi pošalju
svu svoju odeću iz hrama,
staro rublje. -Bezobrazno. -Vrlo.
Crno tržište mormonskog
donjeg veša. -Baš tako.
Hoćeš da ga obučeš?
-Može.
Kako će antipornografska odluka
uticati na stavnovnike Jute?
Ne znam. Sigurno se neće manje
sramiti zbog svoje seksualnosti.
Samo nastavljaju shodno
svom antiseks pogledu na svet.
Tu negde leži prikladna ironija,
pošto su mormoni, zbog poligamije,
bili među najvećim seksualnim
odmetnicima u istoriji Amerike.
Zašto oblačiš ljude u ovo
pred snimanje porno-scene?
Želimo da iskustvo bude autentično.
Zbog gledalaca koji će pomisliti:
"Jeb’o te Bog, odrade ceo obred!"
Sad si mormonka!
Italian:
che sono usciti dalla chiesa,
ci mandano
tutti i loro vestiti per il tempio,
e le vecchie mutande.
Wow, trasgressivi.
Super trasgressivi.
Una specie di mercato nero
di biancheria mormona.
Sì, esatto.
Vuoi provarlo?
Certo.
Quali credi saranno gli effetti
del decreto anti-porno
sugli abitanti dello Utah?
Non saprei.
Di sicuro non aiuta le persone
a sentirsi meno in colpa
per la loro sessualità, no?
Stanno continuando sulla
vecchia strada,
con la loro visione del mondo contro il sesso.
È paradossale.
I mormoni, per via della poligamia,
sono stati i più noti criminali sessuali
della storia americana.
Perché fai indossare questi vestiti
alle attrici?
Vogliamo ricreare
una realtà autentica,
così che gli spettatori
mormoni siano catapultati
in un’esperienza totalizzante.
Ora sei una mormona.
English:
who are no longer affiliated
with the church,
will send us all their old temple
clothes or their old garments.
-Naughty.
-Yes, super naughty.
Is there a Mormon underwear
black market?
Yes, exactly.
OK, do you want to put it on?
Sure.
How do you think that the anti-porn
resolution is going to affect people
in Utah?
I don't know.
I mean, it certainly doesn’t help
people feel less shame
around their sexuality, right?
They’re just continuing
down the path of...
their super anti-sex world view.
There is like a... fitting irony.
I mean, Mormons, because of polygamy,
were some of the most famous
sexual outlaws in American history.
It’s funny that you put this on
people before they’re about to
film a porn scene.
We like to give the authentic
experience, right?
Because, for viewers who are
Mormon...
they’re like, “Holy ****, they’re
actually doing the whole thing.”
You’re Mormon!
I've always wanted to be.
French:
qui ne sont plus affiliés
à l'Église nous envoient
leurs vieux vêtements du temple
et autres habits.
C'est vilain.
Ouais, super vilain.
C'est comme un marché noir
du sous-vêtement mormon.
Exactement.
OK, tu veux les mettre ?
Bien sûr.
Comment penses-tu que
la résolution anti-pornographie
va affecter les gens de l'Utah ?
Je ne sais pas, mais ça ne va
certainement pas les aider
à avoir moins honte de leur sexualité.
Ils continuent sur cette voie.
Ils ont une vision du monde
super anti-sexe.
C'est vraiment ironique.
Avec la polygamie, les mormons
étaient parmi les plus célèbres
délinquants sexuels
de l'histoire de l'Amérique.
Pourquoi vous mettez ça aux gens
avant de tourner une scène de porno ?
On veut avoir une expérience authentique.
Parce que les spectateurs mormons
vont se dire : "Oh mon Dieu,
ils font vraiment la totale."
Tu es une mormone.
Serbian:
Oduvek sam to htela. Konačno.
Sad kad sam mormonka, intervjuisaću
Beti Dejvis, zvezdu Mormon Girlz.
A Bruk će nas režirati
u kobajagi snimanju porno-scene
gde će nas provesti
kroz mormonske rituale.
Videćemo kako izgleda na snimanju
Mormon Girlz lezbejske scene.
Šta misliš o kostimu?
Na bizaran način mi dobro stoji.
Sviđa mi se. Ali ne loži me
smokvin list. Malo mi je bizarno.
Bez ovoga i ovoga, nosila bih ovo.
-Mislim da bih i ja.
Kakve su reakcije na tvoj rad
za Mormon Girlz?
Po nekima je to negativno upereno
prema njihovoj veri.
Ali, tako je još bolje,
jer krši sva pravila, zar ne?
Štaviše, izgleda da su zbog
religije ljudi još raskalašniji.
Slažem se.
-Meni je tako bilo. -I meni.
Italian:
Finalmente, ho sempre voluto esserlo.
Adesso che sono diventata mormona
andrò a intervistare Bette Davis,
una delle star di Mormongirlz.
Poi, Brooke ci dirigerà
in una specie di scena porno
in cui ripercorreremo
alcuni rituali mormoni
e capiremo come vengono inscenati
sul set di Mormongirlz.
Cosa pensi dei miei vestiti?
Perché mi sembra
che mi stiano davvero bene.
Stai bene.
Non mi sono mai trovata
a mio agio con questo però.
Questo è un po’ strano.
Senza questo
e questo, me lo metterei.
Anch’io.
Come reagisce la gente
al fatto che lavori per Mormongirlz?
Alcune persone la considerano
una cosa brutta
nei confronti della loro religione.
Ma io credo che sia proprio questa
la cosa più bella,
è un po’ come andare
contro tutte le regole, no?
Ho la sensazione che la religione
non faccia che rendere le persone più ‘troie’.
Sono d’accordo.
Per me è andata così.
Anche per me.
English:
Finally.
Now that I’ve become a Mormon,
I’m going to go interview
Bette Davis, who is one of the stars
of Mormon Girlz.
And, also Brooke is going to direct
us in a sort of pseudo porn shoot,
where she’s going to walk us through
the Mormon rituals.
And we’re going to see how it
goes down on a Mormon Girlz set.
What do you think of the costumes?
Because, I actually think this,
bizarrely, looks good on me.
I like it.
I was never really into this part,
though.
I thought that was
a little bit weird.
Really? Without this, and
without this, I might wear this.
I think I would, too.
What has been the reaction to
your work with Mormon Girlz?
I mean, some people see
it as... a negative thing
towards their religion, I guess.
But, I think that’s what
makes it even better because it’s
just defying... all the rules, right?
And it seems as though religion, if
anything, makes people more slutty.
-I agree.
-It works for me.
Me too.
Portuguese:
Sempre quis ser, finalmente!
Agora que sou mórmom, vou
entrevistar Bette Davis,
uma das esterlas da Mormongirlz,
também, Brooke vai nos dirigir
numa pseudo-gravação pornográfica,
onde vai nos conduzir num ritual mórmom e
vamos ver como as coisas acontecem
num set da Mormongilrz.
Quando pensamos nas fantasias,
realmente acho que ficam bem em mim.
Eu gosto. Mas nunca curti essa parte.
Acho meio estranha.
Sem isso e isso, eu usaria essa roupa.
Acho que eu também.
Qual foi a reação ao seu trabalho com a Mormongilrz?
Algumas pessoas dizem, tipo que
é negativo para a religião
Mas isso é ainda melhor porque fico com todos os papéis, certo?
Me parece que a religião, mais do que as outras
coisas,
mais vagabundas?
-Concordo.
-Funciona para mim.
Para mim, também.
Romanian:
Mereu mi-am dorit asta. În sfârşit !
Acum, că am devenit mormonă,
mă duc să-i iau interviu lui Betty Davis,
una dintre actriţe.
Apoi, Brooke o să ne dea indicaţii
într-o pseudoscenă.
O să ne descrie ritualurile mormone
şi o să vedem cum decurge o zi
pe platoul Mormongirlz.
Ce zici de costume ? În mod bizar,
chiar mi se pare că îmi stă bine.
Îmi plac. Dar frunza asta nu mă încântă.
Mi se pare ciudată.
În afară de frunză şi voal,
aş purta ţinuta pe stradă.
Cred că şi eu le-aş purta.
Ce reacţii ai primit
la munca de la Mormongirlz ?
Unii o văd ca pe ceva negativ
care le atacă religia,
De-asta e şi mai palpitant.
Sfidăm toate regulile.
Mi se pare că, dintre toate,
religia îi face pe oameni mai perverşi.
- De acord.
- La mine a funcţionat.
Şi la mine.
French:
J'en avais toujours rêvé.
Enfin.
Maintenant que je suis mormone,
je vais interviewer Bette Davis,
l'une des stars de Mormongirlz.
Et Brooke va nous diriger
dans un pseudo tournage porno
où elle va nous guider
à travers les rituels mormons,
et on va voir comment se passe
un tournage de Mormongirlz.
Que penses-tu du costume ?
Parce que, bizarrement,
je trouve que ça me va bien.
J'aime beaucoup.
Mais j'ai jamais trop aimé cette partie.
Je trouvais ça un peu étrange.
Genre sans ça et ça,
je pourrais porter ça.
Je crois que moi aussi.
Quelle a été la réaction
à ton travail avec Mormongirlz?
Certains voient ça comme une chose
négative envers leur religion.
Mais je crois que c'est encore mieux
parce que ça va
à l'encontre de toutes les règles.
Et c'est comme si la religion
rendait les gens dévergondés.
Oui, c'est ça.
Ça a marché pour moi.
Pour moi aussi.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Πάντα ήθελα να γίνω.
Επιτέλους!
Τώρα που έγινα Μορμόνος, θα πάρω
συνέντευξη από τη Bette Davis,
η οποία είναι μια από τις
πρωταγωνίστριες του Mormon Girlz
και επίσης η Brooke θα μας σκηνοθετήσει
σε ένα ψεύτικο γύρισμα πορνό,
κατά το οποίο θα μας καθοδηγήσει
στα τελετουργικά των Μορμόνων
και θα δούμε πως πραγματικά είναι τα
πράγματα στο πλατό του Mormon Girlz.
Τι γνώμη έχεις για το κοστούμι;
Επειδή εγώ πιστεύω ότι, παραδόξως,
είναι ωραίο πάνω μου.
Μου αρέσει.
Όμως ποτέ δεν μου άρεσε
αυτό το κομμάτι.
Πίστευα ότι είναι λίγο περίεργο.
Χωρίς αυτό και χωρίς αυτό,
ίσως να το φορούσα.
Μάλλον και εγώ.
Ποιες ήταν οι αντιδράσεις για
τη δουλειά σου με το Mormon Girlz;
Κάποιοι το βλέπουν ως κάτι αρνητικό
απέναντι στη θρησκεία τους υποθέτω.
Αλλά πιστεύω ότι αυτό είναι
που το κάνει ακόμα καλύτερο,
επειδή αψηφά όλους τους κανόνες, σωστά;
Και φαίνεται πως η θρησκεία, αν μη τι άλλο,
κάνει τους ανθρώπους πιο πρόστυχους.
Συμφωνώ.
Δούλεψε σε εμένα.
Και σε μένα.
French:
Bien. Karley, dans cette scène,
tu vas être la mariée vierge,
et Bette doit t'inspecter
pour s'assurer que tu es à la hauteur
pour ton mari.
Merde.
Ouais.
Pour commencer, tu vas
remettre ton voile sur ton visage.
Voilà. Et tu vas rester là.
Et maintenant,
Bette va prendre ta main et dire :
"Tu promets de m'honorer
et de m'obéir ?"
Ne réponds pas.
Puis elle va te dire :
"Incline ta tête et dis oui."
Tu promets de m'honorer
et de m'obéir ?
Incline ta tête et dis oui.
Dis oui.
Oui.
Parfait. Maintenant,
avant d'aller plus loin,
tu vas te rapprocher tout près d'elle
et dire : "Es-tu vierge ?"
Et Karley, tu peux dire :
"Oui."
OK. Et action.
Es-tu vierge ?
Oui.
Tu es sûre ?
Italian:
Bene. Karley, sul set,
tu sei la sposa vergine.
E Bette ha il compito di visitarti
per assicurarsi che tu sia degna
di tuo marito.
Merda.
Sì.
Per cominciare,
copriti il viso.
Ecco, così.
Rimani così.
Ora Bette ti prende la mano
e ti dice
“Prometti di onorarmi
e obbedirmi?”
E tu non rispondi.
E poi ti dice,
“China la testa e di’ di sì.”
Prometti di onorarmi e obbedirmi?
China la testa e di’ sì.
Di’ di sì.
Sì.
Bene.
Ora, prima di andare avanti,
ti devi avvicinare a lei
e chiederle, “Sei vergine?”
E Karley tu dici,
“Sì.”
Ok, azione.
Sei vergine?
Sì.
Sicura?
Stop—Karley, voglio che lo dici
Serbian:
U ovoj sceni,
ti ćeš biti netaknuta mlada.
Beti je posao da te pregleda
i vidi zavređuješ li svog muža.
U, jebote.
-Da.
Počinjemo tako što
sklanjaš veo sa lica.
Tako. Stojiš tu, a Beti te
drži za ruku i kaže ti:
"Obećavaš da ćeš me slušati?"
Ne odgovaraj.
Onda će ti reći:
"Pogni glavu i reci 'da'."
Obećavaš da ćeš me
poštovati i slušati?
Pogni glavu i reci "da."
Reci "da."
-Da.
Sad ćeš da joj se približiš
i pitaš je: "Jesi li nevina?"
Karli, ti kažeš "da."
Akcija!
Jesi li nevina?
-Da. -Sigurno?
English:
Alright.
So Karley, in this scene...
you’re going to be a virginal bride.
And it’s Bette’s job to inspect you,
to make sure you’re worthy
for your husband.
-****.
-Yeah.
So let’s start with you putting
your veil back over your face.
There you go.
You’re going to stand there, and now
Bette’s going to hold your hands
and say to you, “Do you promise
to honor and obey me?”
And then you don't answer.
And then she’s going to say to you,
“Bow your head and say, ‘Yes’.”
Do you promise to honor and obey me?
Bow your head and say, “Yes.”
-Say, “Yes.”
-Yes.
Before you go any further, you’re
going to come up to her very close
and say, “Are you a virgin?”
and Karley, you’re going to say...
“Yes.”
OK.
And... action.
Are you a virgin?
-Yes.
-Are you sure?
Alright, cut. So what I actually
want from you, Karley,
Romanian:
Aşa... Karly, în această scenă,
tu vei fi o mireasă virgină.
Datoria lui Betty este
să verifice dacă eşti demnă de soţul tău.
- Bun.
- Da.
Pentru început, pune-ţi voalul pe faţă.
Aşa ! Stai acolo.
Betty te va ţine de mână
şi te va întreba:
"Promiţi să mă respecţi
şi să mi te supui ?" Nu răspunzi.
Apoi, îţi va spune:
"Apleacă capul şi spune da !"
Promiţi să mă respecţi
şi să mi te supui ?
Apleacă capul şi spune "da" !
- Spune "da" !
- Da.
Înainte să trecem mai departe,
o să te apropii de ea
şi o s-o întrebi dacă e virgină.
Iar Karly o să spună că da.
Gata. Acţiune !
- Eşti virgină ?
- Da.
Eşti sigură ?
Tăiaţi ! Uite ce vreau de la tine, Karly.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Εντάξει. Λοιπόν, Karley σε αυτή τη σκηνή
θα είσαι μια παρθένα νύφη
και είναι δουλειά της Bette να σε ελέγξει
για να σιγουρευτεί ότι είσαι άξια
για τον σύζυγό σου.
Σκατά.
Ναι.
Οπότε ας ξεκινήσουμε με εσένα να βάζεις
το πέπλο σου στο πρόσωπό σου.
Ωραία. Θα σταθείς εκεί και τώρα η Bette
θα κρατήσει το χέρι σου και θα σου πει
«Υπόσχεσαι να με τιμάς και να με υπακούς;»
Και τότε δεν απαντάς.
Και τότε θα σου πει:
«Χαμήλωσε το κεφάλι σου και πες ναι».
Υπόσχεσαι να με τιμάς και να με υπακούς;
Χαμήλωσε το κεφάλι σου και πες ναι.
Πες ναι.
Ναι.
Εντάξει, τώρα πριν προχωρήσετε άλλο,
θα πας πολύ κοντά της και θα τη ρωτήσεις:
«Είσαι παρθένα;»
Και εσύ Karley μπορείς να πεις ναι.
Οκ, πάμε.
Είσαι παρθένα;
Ναι.
Είσαι σίγουρη;
Portuguese:
Ok, então, Karlie, nesta cena
você será uma noiva virgem,
E é função da Bette te inspecionar para
saber se você é digna de seu marido.
Começamos com você colocando
o véu sobre o rosto.
Assim.
Você fica aí e Bette vai segurar suas mãos e
te dizer: "você promete me honrar e me obedecer"?
E você não responde.
Daí ela te diz:"assinta com a cabeça e diga sim".
-Diga "sim".
-Sim.
Antes de continuar, você chega bem
perto e pergunta: "você é virgem?"
Você responde: "sim".
Ok, e ação.
Você é virgem?
Sim.
Tem certeza?
English:
is a little bit more, you’re like,
“Yes, I am.”
You know what I mean?
Like you’re not being coy--
-Make me believe it--
-You’re not being coy here.
You want her to believe that you...
didn’t accidentally let your
high school boyfriend
slip a finger in.
-OK.
-Cool.
Are you a virgin?
-Yes.
-Are you sure?
Yes.
I’ll be able to tell.
I am.
Is this allowed?
Yeah.
I feel...
like God’s watching us.
He told me it was OK.
I just left the set of Mormon Girlz.
And... I learned that definitely a
big reason why Brooke makes the porn
that she does is a reaction to
the repression she felt
growing up in the LDS Church.
So now that I’ve learned the porn
version of everything there is to
know about the Mormon religion,
I’m excited to get news about
this anti-porn resolution
straight from the source.
French:
Bien. Coupez. Karley, je veux
un petit peu plus de : "Oui, je le suis."
OK.
Tu vois ce que je veux dire ?
Pas de fausse pudeur ici.
Genre, tu veux qu'elle croie
que tu n'as pas laissé ton petit ami
te glisser un doigt par accident.
OK.
Es-tu vierge ?
Oui.
Tu es sûre ?
Oui.
Je pourrais le voir.
Je le suis.
C'est autorisé ?
Oui.
J'ai l'impression que Dieu nous surveille.
Et il m'a dit que c'était bon.
J'ai quitté le plateau de Mormongirlz,
et j'ai appris que, si
Brooke fait le porno qu'elle fait,
c'est en réaction à la répression
qu'elle ressentait étant jeune
dans l'Église des saints des derniers jours.
Maintenant que je connais
la version porno
de tout ce qu'il faut savoir
sur la religion mormone,
j'ai hâte d'en apprendre plus sur
cette résolution anti-pornographie
directement à la source.
Portuguese:
Certo, o que eu quero de você,
Karlie, é algo mais "Sim, eu sou".
Tipo, com convicção. Você quer que ela
acredite que você não transou por acidente
Com seu namorado do colegial.
Você é virgem?
Sim.
Tem certeza?
Sim!
Eu vou perceber!
Eu sou!
Eu me sinto como se Deus
estivesse nos vendo.
Me diga que está tudo bem.
Acabei de sair do set da Mormongirlz
e vi exatamente o motivo pelo qual
Brooke faz esse tipo de pornografia
É uma reação à repressão que viveu na igreja.
Agora que eu conheço a versão porn
da religião, vou buscar notícias
sobre essa resolução
anti-pornografia direto da fonte.
Italian:
più tipo, “Sì, certo.”
Ok.
Capisci cosa intendo?
Non devi essere ritrosa.
Vuoi convincerla
che non hai lasciato che il tuo ragazzo del liceo
ti infilasse nemmeno un dito.
Ok.
Sei vergine?
Sì.
Sicura?
Sì.
Saprò la verità.
Sì.
È consentito?
Sì.
Mi sento come se Dio ci stesse guardando.
Dio mi ha detto che abbiamo il permesso.
Ho appena lasciato il set di Mormongirlz,
e ho scoperto che di certo
uno dei principali motivi per cui Brooke fa porno
è per reazione
alla repressione che ha vissuto
nel contesto della chiesa.
Quindi, ora che abbiamo imparato
la versione porno
della religione mormona,
voglio sapere le ultime notizie
sul decreto anti-porno
dal diretto interessato.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Εντάξει, στοπ. Αυτό που θέλω από εσένα
Karley είναι κάτι σαν: «Ναι, είμαι!»
Οκ.
Κατάλαβες τι εννοώ;
Δεν θα είσαι ντροπαλή εδώ.
Δηλαδή, θέλεις να την κάνεις να πιστέψει
ότι δεν έτυχε να αφήσεις το αγόρι σου
από το λύκειο να βάλει ένα δάχτυλο μέσα.
Οκ.
Είσαι παρθένα;
Ναι.
Είσαι σίγουρη;
Ναι.
Θα μπορέσω να το καταλάβω.
Είμαι.
Αυτό επιτρέπεται;
Ναι.
Αισθάνομαι ότι ο Θεός μας παρακολουθεί.
Και μου είπε ότι όλα είναι εντάξει.
Μόλις έφυγα από το πλατό του Mormon Girlz,
και έμαθα ότι ένας βασικός λόγος για τον
οποίο η Brooke γυρίζει αυτό το πορνό
είναι η αντίδραση στην καταπίεση
που αισθανόταν όταν μεγάλωνε
στην εκκλησία των Μορμόνων.
Οπότε τώρα που έμαθα την πορνό
εκδοχή των πάντων,
μένει να μάθω για τη θρησκεία των Μορμόνων.
Θέλω πολύ να μάθω γι αυτό
το ψήφισμα κατά του πορνό
απευθείας από την πηγή.
Romanian:
Spune: "Da, sunt virgină."
Mă înţelegi ? Nu e cazul să fii timidă.
Vrei să te creadă
că nu l-ai lăsat pe iubitul tău
din liceu să bage un deget acolo.
- Eşti virgină ?
- Da.
- Eşti sigură ?
- Da.
- O să-mi dau seama.
- Sunt virgină.
- Avem voie să facem asta ?
- Da.
Simt că Dumnezeu se uită la noi.
Mi-a spus mie că avem voie.
Tocmai am plecat de pe platou.
Motivul pentru care Brooke face
acest stil de pornografie
e ca răspuns la asuprirea
din biserica mormonilor.
Acum, că am învăţat varianta porno
a tot ce înseamnă religia lor,
vreau să aflu mai multe despre moţiunea
antipornografie, de la sursă.
Serbian:
Karli, želim
da je malo više ubeđuješ.
Kapiraš?
Ne treba da budeš stidljiva.
Želiš da poveruje
da nisi pustila dečka iz srednje
da ti gurne prst.
-Važi.
Jesi li nevina? -Da.
-Sigurno? -Da.
Znaću.
-Ali, jesam!
Je li ovo dozvoljeno?
-Jeste.
Osećam da nas Bog gleda.
Meni je rekao da nije problem.
Evo me van studija Mormon Girlz,
saznala sam
da Bruk snima pornografiju
i kao reakciju na represiju
koju je iskusila
odrastajući u mormonskoj crkvi.
Sad kad sam upućena u porno-verziju
tajni mormonske veroispovesti,
radujem se što ću o meri uperenoj
protiv pornjave čuti iz prve ruke.
English:
While it is obviously possible to
have a negative relationship to porn,
the psychiatric community has
repeatedly said there is no evidence
that people can actually be
addicted to pornography.
Do you think that there should be
limitations put on pornography
and who can watch it, and where
it can be viewed online?
I think pornography should
be outlawed.
I think that pornography
is a cancer to society.
Everyone should stay away from it,
to keep their relationships... pure.
A lot of the porn stars
are... sex slaves, really.
A lot of them are refugees and stuff
that have been forced into it.
Do you think that pornography
is a public health crisis?
I definitely think that something
needs to be done to... either stop it
or just ban it altogether.
There is truth that’s established by
God, and it doesn’t matter what
I think.
And if he says this isn’t
appropriate,
Italian:
Se è vero che si può avere
un rapporto negativo con il porno,
gli psichiatri hanno dichiarato
più volte che non ci sono prove
che le persone possano sviluppare
una dipendenza dal porno.
Credi che dovrebbero esistere delle restrizioni
sul porno,
per esempio su chi può guardarlo
e cosa può essere messo online?
Penso che la pornografia dovrebbe essere illegale.
Credo che la pornografia
sia un cancro della società.
Tutti dovrebbero tenersene alla larga
per mantenere pure le proprie relazioni.
Molte pornostar sono schiave del sesso,
davvero, molte sono rifugiate,
persone disperate costrette a farlo.
Credi che il porno sia equiparabile
a una crisi sanitaria?
Credo fermamente
che debba essere fatto qualcosa,
che sia per fermarlo
o direttamente per vietarlo.
La verità c’è, ed è stabilita da Dio,
non importa cosa penso io.
Se Dio dice che
non è appropriato,
Romanian:
Deşi e posibil
să ai un raport negativ cu pornografia,
comunitatea psihiatrilor a spus
în mod repetat
că nu există dovezi
că pornografia dă dependenţă.
Credeţi că pornografia ar trebui limitată
şi că ar trebui urmărit
cine şi unde o consumă ?
Pornografia ar trebui să fie ilegală.
E precum cancerul pentru societate.
Trebuie să stăm departe de ea
ca să păstrăm relaţiile pure.
Majoritatea actriţelor porno
sunt sclave ale sexului
Multe dintre ele au fost forţate
să se apuce de asta.
Crezi că pornografia e
un risc pentru sănătatea publică ?
Cred că trebuie să facem ceva
ca s-o oprim sau s-o interzicem.
Există un adevăr dat de Dumnezeu.
Nu contează ce cred eu.
Dacă El zice că nu e adecvat,
Portuguese:
É óbvio que podemos ter uma reação negativa à pornografia.
A comunidade psiquiátrica
disse repetidas vezes
que não há evidências que as pessoas possam
realmente se viciarem empornigrafia,
Você acha que deveria haver limites para
a pornografia que você pode ver online?
Acho que a pornografia deveria ser ilegal.
Acho que é um câncer da sociedade.
Todos deveriam manter distância para
manter os relacionamentos puros.
Muitas esterlas da pornografia
são escravos do sexo, mesmo
Muitas delas são refugiadas
e forçadas a fazer isso.
Você acha que a pornografia é
uma crise da saúde pública?
Realmente acho que algo deve ser feito
para interrompê-la, ou baní-la de uma vez.
Há a verdade, estabelecida por Deus,
e não importa o que eu penso.
Serbian:
Dok je, naravno, moguće imati
štetan odnos sa pornografijom,
psihijatrijska zajednica je više
puta naglasila da nema dokaza
da ljudi mogu da postanu
zavisni od pornografije.
Smatraš li da treba ograničiti
pristup pornografiji na internetu?
Treba da se zabrani.
Pornografija je rak društva.
Svi treba toga da se klone
kako bi im veze ostale... Čiste.
Mnoge porno-zvezde su
seksualno roblje.
Mnogi su izbeglice
i na to su primorani.
Je li po tebi pornografija
pretnja po javno zdravlje?
Nešto svakako treba učiniti da se
to zaustavi ili potpuno zabrani.
Postoji istina koju je ustanovio
Bog i nema veze šta ja mislim.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Ενώ είναι προφανώς πιθανό να έχεις
μια αρνητική σχέση με το πορνό,
η ψυχιατρική κοινότητα έχει πει
επανειλημμένα ότι δεν υπάρχουν αποδείξεις
ότι οι άνθρωποι ενδέχεται να εθιστούν
στην πορνογραφία.
Πιστεύεις ότι πρέπει να τεθούν περιορισμοί
στην πορνογραφία σχετικά με
το ποιος μπορεί να την παρακολουθήσει
και το πού μπορεί να υπάρχει στο διαδίκτυο;
Πιστεύω ότι η πορνογραφία
πρέπει να απαγορευτεί.
Πιστεύω ότι η πορνογραφία
είναι καρκίνος για την κοινωνία.
Όλοι πρέπει να μείνουν μακριά από αυτή
για να διατηρήσουν αγνές τις σχέσεις.
Πολλοί από τους πορνοστάρ
είναι σκλάβοι του σεξ
στην πραγματικότητα, πολλοί είναι πρόσφυγες
που έχουν εξαναγκαστεί να το κάνουν.
Πιστεύεις ότι η πορνογραφία αποτελεί
μια κρίση για την δημόσια υγεία;
Σίγουρα πιστεύω ότι πρέπει κάτι να γίνει,
είτε για να σταματήσει ή απλώς για
να απαγορευτεί στο σύνολό της.
Υπάρχει μια αλήθεια που έχει καθιερωθεί από
τον Θεό, δεν έχει σημασία τι πιστεύω εγώ.
Αν Εκείνος λέει ότι αυτό είναι ανεπίτρεπτο,
French:
Alors qu'il est clairement possible
d'avoir une mauvaise relation avec le porno,
la communauté psychiatrique a dit
à plusieurs reprises n'avoir aucune preuve
que les gens puissent
devenir accro au porno.
Pensez-vous qu'il devrait y avoir
des limitations à la pornographie
par rapport à qui peut la regarder
et où on peut la voir sur Internet ?
Je crois que la pornographie
devrait être illégale.
Je crois que c'est un cancer pour la société.
Tout le monde devrait s'en tenir éloigné
pour garder des relations pures.
Beaucoup des stars du porno
sont des esclaves sexuelles.
Vraiment. Beaucoup sont des réfugiées
et des gens qui ont été contraints.
Pensez-vous que la pornographie
est une crise de santé publique ?
Je crois vraiment
qu'il faut faire quelque chose,
soit y mettre un terme,
soit l'interdire tout simplement.
Dieu a établi une vérité,
peu importe ce que j'en pense.
S'il dit que ce n'est pas approprié,
Italian:
credo che nessuno
dovrebbe farlo.
Credi che il porno
sia un’emergenza sanitaria?
No, certo che no.
Molte persone che vivono
da queste parti non la pensano come te.
Sì, è vero.
Sono allo State Capitol Building
in Utah, e sto per intervistare il senatore.
Parleremo della sua lotta
alla pornografia.
È un avvocato, quindi sappiamo che non è
contro il primo emendamento,
ma vuole porre alcune restrizioni
alla libertà individuale,
specialmente dei giovani,
di guardare porno.
È lui? No, vero?
È solo un uomo in giacca e cravatta,
che sembra mormone—no è lui.
È lui?
Sì.
È lui.
E non è solo un senatore:
questo decreto anti-porno ha
trasformato Weiler in una vera celebrity.
Portuguese:
E se Ele diz que é impróprio, eu não acho
que ningu;em deveria se envolver nisso.
Você acha que a pornografia é
uma crise da saúde pública?
Não, com certeza não.
A maioria das pessoas que vivem
aqui não concorda com você.
É verdade, verdade mesmo!
Estou aqui nesse prédio na capital
para entrevistar o senador
que lançou esse ato simbólico
contra a pornografia.
Ele é um advogado.
Então sabemos que ele não é
contra a primeira emenda,
mas quer impôr restrições às pessoas,
especificamente rferentes à pornografia.
Será que é ele? Só vi alguém de terno.
parecendo mórmom.
Esse é ele?
Ele não é apenas um senador. Essa coisa
anti-porn fez dele uma celebridade.
Serbian:
Ako on kaže da nije pristojno,
niko u tome ne treba da učestvuje.
Misliš li da pornografija ugrožava
javno zdravlje? -Definitivno ne.
Većina ovdašnjih žitelja ne bi se
složila. -To je živa istina.
U državnoj zgradi Jute
treba da intervjuišem senatora.
Saznaćemo šta je zamisao iza ove
simboličke zabrane pornografije.
Znamo da se ne protivi
Prvom amandmanu.
Ali želi da ograniči mogućnost,
posebno mladima,
da gledaju pornografiju.
Je li ono on? Nije.
Samo neko u odelu ko izgleda
mormonski. Ne, on je.
On je?
-Jeste. -On je.
I on nije tek neki tamo senator.
Rezolucija protiv pornografije
pretvorila je Vajlera
u javnu ličnost.
English:
I really don’t think
anyone should participate in that.
Do you think that pornography
is a public health crisis?
No, definitely not.
Most of the people that live around
here don't agree with you.
True. That’s very true.
I’m here in the State Capitol
building in Utah
about to interview the senator.
We're going to get the rundown on
this symbolic ban on pornography.
He is a lawyer, so we know that he is
not anti-First Amendment.
But he does want to implicate
restrictions on people’s ability,
specifically young people,
to view pornography.
So...
Yeah... is that him?
That’s just someone in a suit,
like a Mormon.
No, that is him.
-Is that him?
-Yeah.
OK.
And he’s not just a senator.
This anti-porn resolution has turned
Weiler into a full-fledged celeb.
Modern Greek (1453-):
πραγματικά πιστεύω ότι κανείς δεν πρέπει
να συμμετέχει σε αυτό.
Πιστεύετε ότι η πορνογραφία αποτελεί
μια κρίση για την δημόσια υγεία;
Όχι, σίγουρα όχι.
Οι περισσότεροι άνθρωποι που ζουν
εδώ γύρω δεν συμφωνούν μαζί σου.
Αυτό είναι αλήθεια.
Βρίσκομαι στο Κυβερνητικό Μέγαρο της Γιούτα
και θα πάρω συνέντευξη από τον γερουσιαστή.
Θα ακούσουμε μια ανάλυση σχετικά με αυτή
τη συμβολική απαγόρευση της πορνογραφίας.
Ο ίδιος το γνωρίζει, οπότε ξέρουμε ότι
δεν είναι αντίθετος με την πρώτη
τροποποίηση, όμως θέλει να επιβάλει
περιορισμούς σχετικά με την δυνατότητα
των ανθρώπων, ειδικά των νέων,
να βλέπουν πορνό.
Οπότε... Ναι, αυτός είναι;
Όχι, έτσι;
Είναι ένας με κοστούμι που μοιάζει
Μορμόνος, όχι, αυτός είναι.
-Αυτός είναι;
-Ναι.
Αυτός είναι.
Και δεν είναι απλά ένας γερουσιαστής.
Αυτό το ψήφισμα κατά του πορνό έκανε
τον Weiler πραγματικά διάσημο.
Romanian:
nimeni n-ar trebui să facă asta.
Credeţi că pornografia e un risc
pentru sănătatea publică ?
Nu, nici vorbă.
Majoritatea celor care locuiesc aici
nu sunt de acord.
Ai mare dreptate.
Sunt la Capitoliul din Utah.
O să-i iau interviu senatorului.
Vom analiza această interdicţie simbolică
asupra pornografiei.
Senatorul e avocat.
Aşa că ştim că nu e împotriva
primului amendament.
Dar vrea să le îngrădească oamenilor
abilitatea de a se uita la pornografie,
mai ales tinerilor.
Ăla e ? Nu cred.
E doar un tip în costum
care arată a mormon. Ba da, el e.
El e ? Da.
Nu e numai senator.
Această moţiune antipornografie
l-a făcut vedetă pe Weiler.
French:
alors je pense
que personne ne devrait y participer.
Pensez-vous que la pornographie
est une crise de santé publique ?
Non, vraiment pas.
La plupart des gens qui nous entourent
ne sont pas d'accord avec vous.
Oui, c'est bien vrai.
Je suis ici, devant le Parlement
de l'Utah, pour interviewer le sénateur.
On va avoir un résumé de cette
interdiction symbolique de la pornographie.
Il est avocat, donc on sait qu'il n'est pas
contre le premier amendement,
mais il veut appliquer des restrictions
sur la possibilité des gens,
surtout des jeunes,
de voir de la pornographie.
Donc oui... Est-ce que c'est lui ?
Non...
C'est juste un type en costume
qui a l'air d'un mormon. Non, c'est lui.
C'est lui ?
Oui.
C'est lui.
C'est pas simplement un sénateur.
Cette résolution anti-porno
a fait de Weiler une vraie célébrité.
Romanian:
Acesta e dosarul meu despre pornografie.
Nu e...
N-am pornografie aici.
Sunt articole alese de mine.
Când acest reportaj a ajuns viral,
am observat
că oamenii au început să-mi trimită
articole pe care să le citesc.
Le-am adunat aici.
S-ar putea să te intereseze.
Revista Time a scos acest număr,
în care mă citează.
N-o arăt multor oameni
din cauza imaginilor exploatate sexual.
Pornografia e tema numărului.
Nu sunt vreun puritan.
Dar nici nu mă apuc
să le arăt copiilor aşa ceva.
TODD WEILER
SENATOR DE UTAH
Când am auzit prima dată
de moţiune, recunosc
că m-am gândit că mormonii sunt pudici
pe subiectul pornografiei.
După ce am citit şi am văzut
interviurile tale, m-am răzgândit.
Mi-am dat seama că ai argumente raţionale
şi eşti bine intenţionat.
Serbian:
Ovo je moj pornografski dosije.
Ovde nema pornografije,
već svih mojih članaka na temu.
Kad je priča postala viralna,
ljudi su počeli
da mi šalju materijal.
"Moraš da pročitaš ovu knjigu!
Ovaj članak!"
Pa sam...
Možda će vas ovo zanimati.
Časopis Tajm obradio je temu,
mene citiraju u članku.
Ne pokazujem ga stalno zbog slika.
Seksualizovane su,
jer se priča o pornografiji.
Nisam puritanac, ali ovo nije nešto
što pokazujem deci.
TOD VAJLER,
SENATOR DRŽAVE JUTA
Priznajem, kad sam čula
za rezoluciju, pomislila sam,
eto, mormoni se mršte na pornjavu.
Pročitavši vaše intervjue,
utisak mi se promenio.
Videla sam da pričate
racionalno i dobronamerno.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αυτό είναι το αρχείο μου με το πορνό...
δεν είναι, δεν υπάρχει πορνό εδώ μέσα,
αλλά είναι όλα μου τα άρθρα
και αυτό που ανακάλυψα όταν
αυτή η ιστορία έγινε γνωστή είναι ότι ο
κόσμος άρχισε να μου στέλνει μηνύματα όπως:
«Πρέπει να διαβάσεις αυτό το βιβλίο,
πρέπει να διαβάσεις αυτό το άρθρο».
Και έτσι εγώ...
μπορεί να σε ενδιαφέρει αυτό.
Το περιοδικό Time σε αυτό το τεύχος
παρέθεσε τα λόγια μου σε ένα άρθρο,
δεν συνηθίζω να το δείχνω τριγύρω
λόγω των εικόνων που έχει,
εννοώ πως είναι προφανώς
σεξουαλικού περιεχομένου
επειδή μιλάει για την πορνογραφία.
Δεν είμαι σεμνότυφος,
αλλά δεν είναι κάτι που
θα τριγυρνάω και θα το δείχνω, ξέρεις,
δεν θα το δείχνω σε παιδιά και τέτοια.
Πρέπει να παραδεχτώ πως όταν πρωτοάκουσα
για το ψήφισμα, η πρώτη μου σκέψη ήταν
«Εντάξει, οι Μορμόνοι είναι
σεμνότυφοι με την πορνογραφία».
Και μετά όταν ξεκίνησα να διαβάζω και
να παρακολουθώ τις συνεντεύξεις σας
το μυαλό μου άλλαξε και σκέφτηκα:
«Οκ, στην πραγματικότητα εκφράζεται μέσα
σε ένα λογικό και καλοπροαίρετο πλαίσιο».
English:
This is my porn file. It’s not...
there’s no porn in here.
But it’s all of my articles and...
What I found was, when this story
went viral,
people started sending me stuff like,
“Oh, you’ve got to read this book,
and you’ve got to read this article.”
And so I just...
You might be interested in this.
Time magazine came out with this
issue and I’m quoted in this article.
I don’t show it around a lot
because of the... imagery.
I mean, I think it’s obviously
sexualized, because they’re talking
about pornography, so...
I mean I’m not a prude. But it’s not
something that I’m going to run
around show... you know,
showing kids and stuff.
I have to admit, when I first heard
about the resolution,
my first thought was, “OK, Mormons
being prude about pornography.”
And then when I started reading and
watching your interviews...
my mind changed, and I thought,
“OK, he’s actually coming at this
from a really rational,
well-intentioned place.”
Portuguese:
Esse é o meu arquivo de pornografia.
Não tem pornografia aqui, são artigos...
O que eu descobri foi
quando essa história viralizou, as
pessoas começaram a me mandar coisas
"Você tem que ler esse livro,
tem que ler esse artigo".
Você vai se interessar por isso.
Revista Time saiu com esse assunto e eu
guardei esse artigo porque as imagens são
obviamente sexualizadas,
porque não seria diferente.
Não sou pudico, mas não é uma coisa
que vou mostrar para crianças.
Quando ouvi falar da resolução,
minha primeira impressão foi
Ok, os mórmons estão bancando
os pudicos sobre a pornografia.
Então eu comecei a ler e assistir
suas entrevistas, minha opinião mudou
e eu pensei "ok, ele está abordando
o tema de uma forma bem racional
French:
Voici mon dossier sur le porno.
Il n'y a pas de porno dedans,
mais tous mes articles
et ce que j'ai trouvé et...
Quand cette histoire est devenue virale,
des gens m'ont envoyé des trucs comme :
"Oh, vous devez lire ce livre,
vous devez lire cet article."
Cela pourrait vous intéresser.
Le Time Magazine a sorti ce numéro
et je suis cité dans cet article.
Je ne le montre pas trop
à cause des images,
je trouve que c'est clairement sexualisé
parce que ça parle de pornographie.
Je ne suis pas prude,
mais c'est pas le genre de truc
que je montre autour de moi,
aux gamins ou autre.
Je dois dire que la première fois
que j'ai entendu parler de la résolution,
je me suis dit : "C'est des mormons
qui jouent les prudes avec la pornographie."
Puis quand j'ai commencé
à lire et à voir vos interviews,
j'ai changé d'avis et je me suis dit :
"OK, il fait cela de façon
vraiment rationnelle et bien intentionnée."
Italian:
Questo è il mio archivio del porno,
ma non c’è porno qui dentro,
ci sono gli articoli su di me
e cose che la gente
ha cominciato a consigliarmi,
quando questa storia è diventata virale.
Sai, “Devi leggere questo libro,
devi leggere questo articolo.”
Magari ti può interessare.
Time Magazine ha affrontato il tema,
e in un articolo è riportata una mia frase.
Non lo faccio vedere molto in giro
perché le immagini
sono ovviamente esplicite,
perché il tema è la pornografia.
Non sono un moralista,
ma non è una cosa
che faccio vedere in giro,
ai bambini o che.
Devo ammettere che
quando ho sentito parlare della legge
il mio primo pensiero è stato, “Ecco i mormoni
che fanno i bacchettoni sul porno.”
Poi ho cominciato a leggere
e guardare le interviste,
e ho cambiato idea.
Mi è parso ci fosse
un ragionamento molto più
razionale e lungimirante dietro.
Romanian:
Te-ai gândit vreodată
că oamenii vor condamna pornografia
şi-i vor face pe cei care o consumă
să se simtă ruşinaţi ?
Pentru oamenii care au crescut
în familii credincioase, ruşinea există.
Şi cred că acei oameni
sunt mai predispuşi
să devină dependenţi de alcool,
droguri şi pornografie
din cauza acestei ruşini.
Încă încerc să înţeleg şi să învăţ.
Însă, în mod clar, trebuie să vorbim
despre respect de sine şi prestanţă.
Şi despre respectul
pentru corpul tău şi al celorlalţi.
Cum definiţi
un risc pentru sănătatea publică ?
Pe baza unor informaţii neconfirmate ?
Am declarat ca risc public
şi supradozele de opioide.
Şi sinuciderile
în rândul adolescenţilor, la fel.
Tot ce am vrut a fost să dau o moţiune.
Moţiunea nu e lege. N-am dat o lege.
Mai degrabă, e o declaraţie a intenţiilor
de a aduce în atenţie această chestiune.
French:
Craignez-vous que des gens s'en emparent
et qu'ils disent juste
que le porno est mauvais,
et que ça finisse par être un moyen
de stigmatiser ceux qui regardent du porno ?
Je crois que, au moins pour ceux
qui grandissent dans des familles chrétiennes,
il y a un élément de stigmatisation.
Et je crois que ces gens risquent
plus que d'autres de devenir accro
à l'alcool ou à la drogue,
ainsi qu'à la pornographie,
à cause de ces éléments de stigmatisation.
J'essaie encore de comprendre
et d'en savoir plus autour de ces choses,
mais il faut clairement parler d'estime de soi,
de respect de soi, d'image de soi
et de respect de son corps
et du corps des autres.
Comment définissez-vous quelque chose
comment étant une crise de santé publique ?
C'est fondé sur
des expériences anecdotiques ?
Vous savez, on a déclaré l'overdose
aux opioïdes crise de santé publique,
le suicide des adolescents également.
Ce que je voulais,
c'est faire passer une résolution,
et la résolution n'est pas une loi.
On n'a pas créé une loi.
C'est plus une déclaration d'intention,
pour attirer l'attention sur ce problème.
Portuguese:
é bem-intencionado". Você já se
preocupou com o fato de alguém
simplesmente dizer "pornografia é ruim
e isso se torna uma forma
de envergonhar as pessoas
por assistir pornografia?
Ao menos pessoas que cresceram
em lares cristãos, acho que há
uma vergonha presente ali e
acho que essas pessoas estão
mais propensas a se viciarem em álcool,
drogas, e pornografia, é claro.
Por causa do elemento da vegonha.
Ainda estou tentando entender e aprender
sobre essas coisas, mas claramente
precisamos falar sobre autorrespeito,
autoestima, autoimagem
e ter respeito pelas pessoas. Pelo seu
corpo e pelo corpo de outras pessoas.
Como você define a pornografia como
sendo uma crise da saúde pública,
foi com base em experiências, ou...
Nós declaramos overdose como crise
da saúde, suicídio, então o que
eu quero fazer é lançar uma
resolução, o que não é uma lei.
Não posso criar uma lei. É mais
uma declaração de intenções.
Para chamar a atenção para esse assunto.
E meu objetivo
English:
Do you ever worry that people take it
and run with it, and people just say,
“Porn is bad,” and then it turns
into a way of shaming people
for watching pornography.
Well, I think at least with people
who grow up in Christian homes,
I think there is a “shame”
element there.
And I think that those people are
much more likely
to get addicted to alcohol or drugs,
as well as pornography,
because of that shame element.
I’m still trying to understand
and learn about all these things.
But, clearly, we need to talk about
self-respect, self-esteem,
self-image, and just
respect for people.
Your own body
and other people’s bodies.
So how do you define something as
being a public health crisis?
Is it based on anecdotal...
experiences, or--
Well, we’ve declared... opioid
overdose as a public health crisis,
we’ve declared suicide, teen suicide,
as a public health crisis.
So what I wanted to do is run a
resolution,
and a resolution is not a law.
We didn’t create a law.
It’s more of a statement of intent
to bring attention to this issue.
Italian:
È preoccupato dalla possibilità
di essere preso in modo superficiale,
che la gente deduca semplicemente
che guardare porno fa male,
e che diventi un modo per stigmatizzare
chi guarda porno?
Be’, penso che almeno per le persone
che hanno ricevuto un’educazione cristiana
ci sia un elemento di vergogna.
Credo che queste persone
abbiano più probabilità di diventare dipendenti
da alcol e droghe,
oltre che dalla pornografia,
proprio per quella componente di vergogna.
Sto ancora cercando di capire
e di saperne di più su questi temi,
ma ovviamente dobbiamo parlare di
rispetto per se stessi, autostima,
e rispetto per il proprio corpo
e quello degli altri.
Come decide che una cosa
rappresenta una crisi sanitaria?
Lo fa sulla base
di racconti, esperienze o...?
Be’, le overdose da oppioidi
sono state dichiarate un’emergenza sanitaria,
la stessa cosa i suicidi,
e i suicidi degli adolescenti.
Quello che volevo io era
far passare un decreto,
—un decreto non è una legge,
non abbiamo fatto una legge,
è più una dichiarazione d’intenti—
per attirare l’attenzione sul tema.
Serbian:
Brine li vas da ljudi prosto
objave da je pornografija štetna,
i onda se to pretvori u sramoćenje
nekog jer gleda pornografiju?
Kod ljudi koji su odrasli
u hrišćanskoj kući,
postoji element sramote.
Mislim da su oni mnogo
podložniji zavisnosti od alkohola,
droge i pornografije
zbog tog elementa srama.
Još uvek učim o svemu tome,
ali jasno je da treba da pričamo
o samopoštovanju, o samopouzdanju,
poštovanju sopstvenog tela,
kao i tuđih tela.
Kako nešto proglasite
pretnjom po zdravlje stanovništva?
Na osnovu anegdotalnih dokaza?
Overdoziranje na opiodima proglasili
smo pretnjom po javno zdravlje.
Kao i tinejdžerska samoubistva.
Ja sam hteo da usvojimo
rezoluciju, koja nije zakon.
Više je objava naše namere
da skrenemo pažnju na ovo pitanje.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Ανησυχείτε ποτέ μήπως οι άνθρωποι
το παίρνουν αυτό
και λένε απλώς ότι το πορνό είναι κακό
και αυτό έπειτα οδηγεί στο να ντροπιάζουν
τους ανθρώπους που βλέπουν πορνογραφία;
Λοιπόν, πιστεύω ότι, τουλάχιστον για
τους ανθρώπους που μεγαλώνουν
σε χριστιανικά σπίτια, υπάρχει
το στοιχείο της ντροπής.
Και πιστεύω ότι αυτοί οι άνθρωποι
είναι πολύ πιο πιθανό να εθιστούν
στο αλκοόλ, τα ναρκωτικά
και την πορνογραφία
λόγω αυτών των στοιχείων ντροπής.
Οπότε, ακόμα προσπαθώ να καταλάβω και
να μάθω σχετικά με αυτά τα πράγματα,
όμως σίγουρα πρέπει να μιλήσουμε για τον
αυτοσεβασμό, την αυτοεκτίμηση,
την αυτο-εικόνα και απλά να σεβόμαστε
το σώμα μας και τα σώματα των άλλων.
Πώς ορίζετε κάτι ως κρίση
της δημόσιας υγείας;
Βασίζεται σε προσωπικές
εμπειρίες ανθρώπων η...
Λοιπόν, έχουμε ανακηρύξει την υπερβολική
δόση οπιοειδών ως κρίση δημόσιας υγείας,
έχουμε ανακηρύξει την αυτοκτονία
των νέων ως κρίση δημόσιας υγείας,
οπότε, αυτό που ήθελα να κάνω
είναι να ξεκινήσω ένα ψήφισμα,
το ψήφισμα δεν είναι νόμος,
δεν φτιάξαμε κάποιον νόμο
είναι περισσότερο μια δήλωση προθέσεων
για να στραφεί η προσοχή σε αυτό το θέμα
Romanian:
Obiectivul meu e, în continuare,
protejarea copiilor de pornografie.
Cred că mulţi copii încep să se uite
la pornografie din curiozitate.
Nu realizează că le provoacă dependenţă
şi are acelaşi efect ca drogurile.
Le strică relaţiile şi căsniciile.
Uneori, şi viaţa profesională.
Sunt de acord că ar trebui să-i ferim
pe copiii mici de pornografie.
Copiii trebuie să copilărească
şi să-şi păstreze inocenţa.
Dacă vor să devină adulţi
şi să se uite la porno toată ziua,
suntem în America
şi sunt liberi s-o facă.
- Nu încerc s-o interzic.
- E un subiect încărcat.
- De-asta a fost viral.
- Aşa e.
- M-au sunat de la The Daily Show.
- Ar trebui să mergi la emisiunea lor.
Sigur o s-o fac.
Ştiu că vor râde de mine,
dar, repet, nu mi-e frică.
Dacă pot continua să transmit
acest mesaj, nu mi-e teamă.
Portuguese:
é tentar proteger crianças da pornografia e
acho que mutias crianças, quando
começam a ver pornografia
por curiosidade, não têm ideia
que isso pode fisgá-los
como as drogas fazem com as outras
pessoas, ou as mesmas pessoas
e mina, suas relações, seus
casamentos, às vezes seus empregos.
Concordo plenamente com você que devemos
evitar que as crianças assistam
-pornografia.
-Tudo que estou fazendo é deixar
essas crianças crescerem e ter sido crianças.
Se virarem adultos que assistem pornografia o dia todo,
é EUA, eles podem fazer o que quiserem.
Então, não estou tentando bani-la.
-É um assunto chamativo, viralizou...
-Oh, recebi uma ligação do Daily Show.
-Eles querem...
-Você tem que ir ao Daily Show!
Com certeza! Eu sei que vão zombar de mim, mas
...não tenho medo, e se puder
continuar a levar essa mensagem....
Serbian:
Moj cilj je i dalje da zaštitim
decu od pornografije.
Mnogi klinci počeće da gledaju
pornografiju iz radoznalosti.
Nesvesni da mogu da se navuku,
kao drugi, pa i oni sami, na drogu.
Mogu stvarno da podriju njihove
veze, brakove, nekad i posao.
Skroz se slažem da treba
da sprečavamo decu
da gledaju pornografiju.
Ja samo kažem, pustimo decu
da budu nevina. Da budu deca.
Ako kao odrasli
žele da gledaju pornografiju,
ovo je Amerika, neka rade šta hoće.
Ne pokušavam da je zabranim.
Škakljiva je tema,
zato je postala viralna.
Tako je. Zvali su me
iz emisije "Dejli šou."
Treba da odete!
-I ima da odem.
Znam da će me ismevati,
ali se ne plašim.
Ako mogu da iznesem šta imam...
Već me dobrano sprdaju sa mnom.
English:
And, my objective continues
to be to try to protect
children from pornography.
And so... I think a lot of kids,
they’ll start looking at pornography
out of curiosity.
And they have no idea that this
could have a hook on them,
like drugs do with other people,
or the same people,
and really kind of undermine
their relationships,
their marriages,
sometimes their employment.
I completely agree with you that
we should...
try and prevent young children
from watching pornography.
Yes. Everything I’m doing
is trying to say,
“Let these kids grow up
and be innocent, let them be kids.”
If they want to be...
If they become adults and
want to look at porn all day...
It’s America, they can do
whatever they want.
So I’m not trying to ban it.
It’s clearly a very loaded subject,
which is why it’s gone so viral.
Yeah, yeah. Oh, I got a call from
The Daily Show this week.
-They want to--
-You should go on The Daily Show.
I’m going to.
I’m totally going to.
And, I know they’re going to
make fun of me.
But, again, I’m not afraid. If I can
continue to get this message out,
I’m not afraid of being...
I mean, I’m already
the butt of a lot of jokes.
Modern Greek (1453-):
και ο στόχος μου συνεχίζει να είναι η
προστασία των παιδιών από την πορνογραφία.
Έτσι, πιστεύω ότι πολλά παιδιά
θα αρχίσουν να βλέπουν πορνό από περιέργεια
και δεν έχουν ιδέα ότι αυτό
μπορεί να έχει αντίκτυπο πάνω τους,
όπως κάνουν τα ναρκωτικά σε
άλλους ανθρώπους ή στους ίδιους
και να υπονομεύσουν τις σχέσεις τους,
τον γάμο τους,
κάποιες φορές ακόμα και τη δουλειά τους.
Συμφωνώ απόλυτα μαζί σας ότι πρέπει
να προσπαθήσουμε να αποτρέψουμε τα μικρά
παιδιά από το να δουν πορνογραφικό υλικό.
Ναι.
Το μήνυμα όλων όσων κάνω είναι: Αφήστε
αυτά τα παιδιά να μεγαλώσουν όντας αθώα.
Αφήστε τα να είναι παιδιά.
Αν θέλουν να είναι, αν ενηλικιωθούν
και θέλουν να βλέπουν πορνό
όλη μέρα, είμαστε στην Αμερική
μπορούν να κάνουν ό,τι θέλουν.
Οπότε δεν προσπαθώ να το απαγορεύσω.
Είναι σαφώς ένα πολύπλοκο ζήτημα...
-Ναι.
-Γι αυτό έγινε τόσο δημοφιλές.
Ναι. Μου τηλεφώνησαν από το
Daily Show αυτή την εβδομάδα, θέλουν...
Να πάτε στο Daily Show.
Θα πάω, σίγουρα θα πάω.
Και ξέρω ότι θα με κοροϊδέψουν
όμως και πάλι, δεν φοβάμαι,
αν μπορέσω να συνεχίσω να βγάζω αυτό
το μήνυμα προς τα έξω, δεν φοβάμαι μήπως...
εννοώ, είμαι ήδη το επίκεντρο
πολλών αστείων.
French:
Et mon objectif est encore d'essayer
de protéger les enfants de la pornographie.
Et je crois que beaucoup d'enfants
commencent à regarder
de la pornographie par curiosité,
et ils ne savent pas
que cela pourrait les accrocher,
comme la drogue le fait pour d'autres
ou pour les jeunes,
et miner
leurs relations, leur mariage,
parfois leur emploi.
Je suis totalement d'accord sur le fait
qu'il faudrait protéger
les jeunes face au porno.
Oui.
J'essaie juste de dire qu'il faut
laisser ces gamins grandir dans l'innocence.
Les laisser être des enfants.
S'ils veulent...
S'ils deviennent adultes
et qu'ils veulent passer la journée
à voir du porno, on est en Amérique,
ils peuvent faire ce qu'ils veulent.
Je n'essaie pas de l'interdire.
C'est clairement un sujet très chargé.
- Oui.
- Et c'est pour ça que ça devient si viral.
J'ai eu un appel du Daily Show
cette semaine. Ils veulent...
Vous devriez aller au Daily Show.
Je vais y aller. J'en ai très envie.
Et je sais qu'ils vont se moquer de moi,
mais encore une fois, je n'ai pas peur.
Si je peux continuer de diffuser ce message,
je n'ai pas peur.
D'ailleurs, je fais déjà l'objet de blagues.
Italian:
E il mio obiettivo continua a essere
proteggere i bambini dalla pornografia.
Penso che un sacco di ragazzini
comincino a guardare porno
spinti dalla curiosità
e non si aspettino che la cosa
possa prenderli,
come le droghe,
e possa mettere a rischio
le loro relazioni, il loro matrimonio,
a volte il loro lavoro.
Sono d’accordo con lei su questo,
dovremmo cercare di evitare che i bambini
guardino porno.
Quello che voglio dire è che i bambini
dovrebbero poter crescere innocenti.
Lasciamo che facciano i bambini.
Se una volta adulti
vorranno guardare porno
tutto il giorno—siamo in America,
possono fare quello che vogliono.
Non sto cercando di vietare il porno.
È ovviamente un messaggio complesso.
Sì, ed è per questo
che la notizia è diventata virale.
Sì. Ho ricevuto una chiamata dal
Daily Show, vogliono parlarne.
Dovrebbe accettare, per il Daily Show.
Lo farò, sicuramente.
Lo so che mi prenderanno in giro,
ma, ripeto, non ho paura,
se posso diffondere questo messaggio
non mi spaventa essere
—già lo sono—
bersaglio di un sacco di satira.
Portuguese:
Eu já estive em muitos outros shows.
-Tentando começar uma conversa.
-Sim, tentando começar uma conversa.
Continuei conversando com
o senador e percebei
que havia gostado dele mais do que eu imaginava.
Ele tem uma abordagem mais
racional sobre a idéia
e não pega tão pesado como muitas pessoas
da comunidade mórmom.
Acho que muita gente, especificamente amanhã
na convenção, vão ser menos ponderadas
e terão ações mais agressivas
contra a pornografia.
Uau, isso é glamuroso!
Por fim, conseguimos vir ao fórum
anti-pornografia com cerda de 3000 pessoas
brancas que alegam não se masturbarem.
É um evento de um dia inteiro, com
palestrantes que vão de psicólogos
que pregam que ver pornografia uma
única vez vai destruir sua vida,
a viciados em pornografia fazendo confissões.
Serbian:
Samo biste da pokrenete razgovor.
-Tako je. -Za poštovanje.
Posle razgovora
sa senatorom Vajlerom,
simpatičniji mi je
nego što sam očekivala.
Svakako mnogo racionalnije
prilazi teoriji
da je pornografija štetna u odnosu
na druge iz mormonske zajednice.
Mnogi, a posebno ljudi koje ćemo
videti sutra na konvenciji,
zauzeće manje iznijansiran,
agresivniji stav protiv pornjave.
Glamurozno.
KOALICIJE JUTE
PROTIV PORNOGRAFIJE,
CENTAR ZA SKUPOVE
SOLT LEJK
Konačno! Stigli smo!
Koalicije Jute protiv pornografije!
Čini je 3,000 belaca
koji tvrde da ne masturbiraju.
Događaj traje ceo dan.
Govore psiholozi
po kojima će vam jedno gledanje
pornjave uništiti život,
ispovedaju se bivši zavisnici
od pornjave.
French:
Vous voulez démarrer une conversation.
Oui. Je veux lancer une conversation.
Respect.
Je viens de finir ma discussion
avec le sénateur Weiler.
Et je l'aime beaucoup plus
que ce que je pensais au début.
Il a vraiment une approche rationnelle
de l'idée que la pornographie
est mauvaise par rapport à
d'autres membres de l'Église mormone.
Je crois que beaucoup de gens
et surtout certains de ceux
qu'on va rencontrer demain
à la convention auront des positions
bien moins nuancées et plus agressives
contre la pornographie.
Wow, c'est glamour.
On est enfin arrivés à
la Coalition de l'Utah contre la Pornographie,
avec 3 000 blancs
qui ne sont pas là pour se la toucher.
C'est un événement sur la journée,
et on va voir intervenir des psychologues
qui prêchent que voir du porno
juste une fois va détruire votre vie
ou d'anciens accros au porno
qui recevront des confessions.
Romanian:
- Sunt deja ridiculizat.
- Încerci doar să porneşti o discuţie.
- Da, asta încerc.
- Respect.
Am terminat discuţia
cu senatorul Weiler.
Mi-a plăcut de el
mai mult decât credeam.
Are o abordare mai raţională
a ideii că pornografia e dăunătoare
decât alţi mormoni.
Cred că mulţi oameni,
mai ales cei pe care îi vom vedea mâine,
la convenţie, vor avea o poziţie
mai agresivă împotriva pornografiei.
Ce extravagant !
COALIŢIA ÎMPOTRIVA PORNOGRAFIEI
În sfârşit, am ajuns la Coaliţia
Împotriva Pornografiei, din Utah.
Înăuntru sunt 3.000 de albi
care susţin că nu se masturbează.
E un eveniment de o zi.
Vor vorbi psihologi,
care susţin că îţi vei distruge viaţa
dacă te uiţi o dată la pornografie,
şi foşti dependenţi de sex.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Ναι, εσείς απλώς προσπαθείτε
να ξεκινήσετε μια συζήτηση.
Ναι, προσπαθώ να ξεκινήσω
μια συζήτηση, οπότε...
Σεβαστό.
Μόλις τελείωσε η συζήτησή μου
με τον γερουσιαστή Weiler,
στην πραγματικότητα τον συμπάθησα
πολύ περισσότερο από όσο περίμενα.
Σίγουρα είναι υπέρ μιας πιο
ορθολογικής προσέγγισης της ιδέας
ότι η πορνογραφία είναι κακιά από πολλούς
άλλους στην κοινότητα των Μορμόνων.
Πιστεύω ότι πολλοί άνθρωποι και
ειδικά κάποιοι από εκείνους που
θα συναντήσουμε αύριο στο συνέδριο,
θα κρατήσουν μια λιγότερο διαλλακτική
και πιο επιθετική στάση
κατά της πορνογραφίας.
Ουαου, αυτό είναι πολύ λαμπερό!
[ΣΥΝΑΣΠΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΓΙΟΥΤΑ ΕΝΑΝΤΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ
ΠΟΡΝΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ, ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΩΝ SALT PALACE]
Επιτέλους φτάσαμε στον συνασπισμό της
Γιούτα ενάντια στην πορνογραφία, εδώ
βρίσκονται περίπου 3.000 λευκοί άνθρωποι
που ισχυρίζονται ότι δεν αυνανίζονται.
Είναι μια ολοήμερη εκδήλωση, στην οποία
συμμετέχουν ομιλητές όπως ψυχολόγοι,
που κάνουν κήρυγμα λέγοντας ότι αν
παρακολουθήσεις πορνό έστω μια φορά,
θα καταστρέψεις τη ζωή σου, αλλά και
πρώην εθισμένοι που κάνουν εξομολογήσεις.
Italian:
Sì, vuole solo
avviare un dialogo.
Sì, sto cercando
di avviare un dialogo.
Rispetto.
Ho appena finito di parlare
con il senatore Weiler,
e mi è piaciuto molto più
di quanto mi sarei aspettata.
Ha sicuramente un approccio molto più
razionale sul fatto
che la pornografia sia sbagliata,
rispetto a molti altri mormoni.
Penso che ci siano molte persone,
e nello specifico
quelle che incontreremo domani
alla convention,
che hanno un’opinione molto più
radicale e violenta
sulla pornografia.
Wow!
Siamo arrivati alla Utah’s
Coalition Against Pornography,
a cui partecipano 30mila persone
che sostengono di non masturbarsi.
L’evento dura tutto il giorno,
e tra gli speaker ci sono dagli psicologi
che sostengono che guardare anche solo un porno
può distruggerti la vita;
agli ex dipendenti dal porno
che raccontano le proprie storie.
English:
Yeah, you’re trying to start
a conversation.
Yeah, I’m trying to
start a conversation, so...
Respect.
I just finished talking
with Senator Weiler.
I actually liked him a lot more
than I thought I would.
He definitely takes
a more rational approach
to the idea of that
pornography is bad
than a lot of other people
in the Mormon community.
I think that a lot of people,
specifically some of the people
we’re going to see at the
convention, are going to take...
a less nuanced and more aggressive
anti-pornography stance.
Wow, this is glamorous.
Finally, we’ve made it to Utah’s
Coalition Against Pornography,
full of roughly 3,000 white people
who claim not to masturbate.
It’s an all-day event, ranging from
speakers like psychologists
who preach that watching porn just
once will destroy your life,
to recovering porn addicts
giving confessionals.
Serbian:
Molim se da me nisu guglovali.
Pitaćemo šta misle
o rezoluciji protiv pornjave.
Pretpostavljamo da su ozareni,
ali, hajde da vidimo.
Danas ću pričati o osnovnom razlogu
zašto je pornografija štetna.
U jednom govoru ne mogu
da pokrijem sve što treba izneti.
To neću ni da pokušavam.
Posvetiću se jednom pitanju.
Je li pornografija loša po sebi
ili zbog posledica koje izaziva?
Zagovaraću ovo prvo.
Seksualna želja je dobra.
Seks je dobar. Telo je dobro.
Obnaženo telo je dobro. Da nije,
ne biste mogli da ga unizite.
Koje razloge ljudi navode
za tvrdnju da je pornografija loša?
English:
I’m praying that no one’s Googled me,
and we’re gonna talk to people
about what they think about this
anti-porn resolution.
We’re assuming that they’re psyched
about it, but let’s see what’s up.
In this talk, I would like to talk
about the essential reason
pornography is wrong.
Now, no one talk can cover
all of the different facets,
all of the things that need
to be said.
And I’m not going to attempt that.
Instead, I’d like to focus
on this one issue.
Is pornography instinctively bad,
or is it just bad
because of the consequences
that result from it?
And I’m going to be arguing
for the former.
Sexual desire is good, sex is good,
and the body is good.
The naked body is good.
If it weren’t,
you couldn’t degrade it.
What’s the reasons people give for
thinking that pornography is wrong?
It alters the way that you see life,
the way that you see women...
Romanian:
Mă rog să nu mă recunoască cineva.
Îi vom întreba pe oameni
ce părere au despre moţiune.
Presupunem că sunt entuziaşti,
dar să vedem.
În acest discurs, o să vorbesc
despre motivul de bază
pentru care pornografia dăunează.
Un singur discurs
nu poate acoperi toate faţetele
şi toate lucrurile
care duc la aceste păcate.
Eu vreau să mă concentrez
pe o problemă anume.
Este pornografia în sine dăunătoare
sau e dăunătoare
din cauza consecinţelor la care duce ?
Voi argumenta prima instanţă.
Dorinţele carnale sunt bune.
Sexul e bun.
Trupul e bun.
Trupul dezgolit e bun.
Dacă n-ar fi, nu s-ar degrada.
De ce zic oamenii
că pornografia e dăunătoare ?
Schimbă felul în care priveşti viaţa,
Italian:
Spero che nessuno
mi abbia cercato su Google.
Chiederemo agli avventori
cosa pensano
del decreto anti-porno.
La sensazione è che ne siano contenti,
ma vediamo.
Nel mio intervento,
parlerò
del motivo principale
per cui la pornografia è sbagliata.
È impossibile spiegare in un solo talk
tutte le diverse sfumature,
e tutte le cose
che portano a questi peccati.
Quindi non proverò a farlo.
Mi piacerebbe, invece,
concentrarmi su questo tema:
la pornografia è intrinsecamente
sbagliata,
o è sbagliata solo per le conseguenze che ha?
Io propendo per la prima ipotesi.
Il desiderio sessuale è una bella cosa.
Il sesso è una bella cosa.
Il corpo è una bella cosa.
Anche il corpo nudo.
Se non fossero belle cose,
sarebbe impossibile rovinarle.
Quali sono i motivi per cui
la gente crede che la pornografia sia sbagliata?
Modifica il modo in cui vedi la vita,
in cui vedi le donne,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Προσεύχομαι ότι κανείς
δεν με έχει ψάξει στο Google.
Θα μιλήσουμε στους ανθρώπους
σχετικά με το τι γνώμη έχουν γι αυτό
το ψήφισμα κατά του πορνό.
Υποθέτουμε ότι είναι ενθουσιασμένοι
με αυτό, αλλά ας δούμε τι συμβαίνει.
Σε αυτή τη συζήτηση, θα ήθελα να αναφερθώ
στον ουσιαστικό λόγο για τον οποίο
η πορνογραφία είναι λάθος.
Καμία συζήτηση δεν μπορεί να καλύψει
όλες τις διαφορετικές πτυχές,
όλα τα πράγματα που οδηγούν
σε αυτές τις αμαρτίες.
Δεν θα επιχειρήσω να το κάνω αυτό.
Αντίθετα, θα ήθελα να επικεντρωθώ
σε ένα συγκεκριμένο θέμα.
Η πορνογραφία είναι εγγενώς κακή
ή είναι απλώς κακή
λόγω των συνεπειών που προκύπτουν από αυτή;
Θα υποστηρίξω το πρώτο.
Η σεξουαλική επιθυμία είναι καλή.
Το σεξ είναι καλό και
το σώμα είναι κάτι καλό.
Το γυμνό σώμα είναι καλό.
Αν δεν ήταν, δεν θα μπορούσαμε
να το υποβαθμίζουμε.
Ποιοι είναι οι λόγοι για τους οποίους
οι άνθρωποι πιστεύουν
ότι η πορνογραφία είναι λάθος;
Αλλάζει τον τρόπο που βλέπεις τη ζωή,
τον τρόπο που βλέπεις τις γυναίκες,
French:
Je prie pour que personne
ne m'ait cherchée sur Google.
On va parler avec les gens
de ce qu'ils pensent de cette résolution.
On imagine qu'ils y seront
très favorables, mais allons voir.
Dans cette conférence, je vais parler
de la raison essentielle
pour laquelle le porno est mauvais.
Une conférence ne peut pas
couvrir toutes les facettes
et tous les points
qui conduisent à ces pêchés.
Et je ne vais pas m'y risquer.
Au lieu de ça,
je vais me concentrer sur ce problème.
La pornographie est-elle
intrinsèquement mauvaise, ou l'est-elle
à cause des conséquences qui en résultent.
Et je vais plaider pour la première proposition.
Le désir sexuel est une bonne chose.
Le sexe est bon.
Et le corps est bon.
Le corps nu est bon.
Sinon, on ne pourrait pas le dégrader.
Quelles raisons invoquent certains
pour dénigrer la pornographie ?
Cela altère la façon dont on voit
la vie, dont on voit les femmes
Portuguese:
Estou rezando para que ninguém
tenha me pesquisado no Google
E vamos falar com as pessoas
sobre o que acham sobre essa
resolução anti-porn. Estamos prevendo
suas opiniões, mas vamos ver o que rola.
'Nessa palestra vou abordar a razão essencial do por que a
pornografia errada'
'Sei que o ensinamento cobre
todas as facetas, mas não vou repetir
e vou focar nesse ponto: a pornografia é intrinsecamente ruim,
ou é ruim por causa das suas consquências?
Vou arguir pela primeira.
Desejo sexual é bom, sexo
é bom e ocorpo é bom!'
"Corpo nu é bom! Mas se não for degradao, muitas são
as razões que
as pessoas dão para achar
que pornografia é errada.'
Romanian:
felul în care priveşti femeile
şi sexul, în general.
Nu-ţi permite să vezi lucrurile
aşa cum sunt cu adevărat.
Pornografia îţi provoacă depresie,
ruşine, anxietate, necinste,
izolare...
Aş putea continua la nesfârşit.
Reprogramează centrii de plăcere
şi îi face pe oameni să vrea mai mult.
Poţi scoate drogurile din sistem,
dar nu şi amintirile.
Se dă un război între ideologii.
Acea forţă întunecată ne poate stăpâni
ca în Al Doilea Război Mondial.
Naziştii, comunismul şi pornografia.
Exact. Şi pornografia. Bine spus !
Naziştii, comunismul şi pornografia.
Nu am de gând să permit aşa ceva.
Vreau să contribui şi să fac diferenţa.
Dacă îmi permiţi, ce religie ai ?
Biserica lui Isus Hristos
a Sfinţilor din Zilele din Urmă.
Sunt mormon.
Biserica lui Isus Hristos
a Sfinţilor din Zilele din Urmă.
- Mormoni.
- Da.
French:
et dont on voit le sexe en général.
Et ça vous empêche de voir les choses
comme elles sont vraiment.
La pornographie provoque
dépression, honte et anxiété,
malhonnêteté et isolement.
Je pourrais continuer encore longtemps.
Et comme ça stimule
les centres de récompense, ça peut aussi
amener les gens à en vouloir toujours plus.
On peut se purger des drogues,
mais pas des souvenirs.
On a une guerre idéologique, maintenant.
Et ces ténèbres pourraient prendre le contrôle
comme pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
C'est genre les nazis puis
le communisme et enfin le porno.
Exactement.
Et enfin le porno. Bien dit.
Les nazis, le communisme et le porno.
Oui, et vous savez quoi, je refuse
d'assister à ça sans bouger.
Je veux faire ma part
pour faire la différence.
Et puis-je vous demander
à quelle religion vous vous associez ?
Je suis membre de l'Église de Jésus-Christ
des saints des derniers jours.
La religion mormone.
Je suis membre de l'Église de Jésus-Christ
des saints des derniers jours.
Oui.
- Mormons.
- Oui.
Portuguese:
Altera a maneira como você vê a vida, como
vê as mulheres, a visão de sexo em geral
e não deixa você ver as
coisas como realmente são.
A pornorafia em si causa depressão,
vergonha, ansiedade, desonestidade
isolamento. Posso continuar indefinidamente.
Porque ativa o centros de recompensa, leva
as pessoas a desejarem cada vez mais.
Você pode se afastas das
drogas, mas não das memórias.
Temos uma palavra de ideologia, agora.
E pode nos levar a extremos
como na Segunda Gerra Mundial.
Como os nazistas voltando com
a questão da pornografia.
Exatamente. Muito bem referido. E sabe
de uma coisa? Não vou deixar acontecer.
Vou fazer a minha parte para fazer a diferença.
Se me permite perguntar, que religião você segue?
Sou membro da Igreja de Jesus Cristo.
Mórmom.
Sou membro da Igreja de Jesus Cristo.
Mórmons.
Modern Greek (1453-):
τον τρόπο που βλέπεις το σεξ γενικότερα.
Και απλά σε εμποδίζει να βλέπεις
τα πράγματα όπως πραγματικά είναι.
Η πορνογραφία σου προκαλεί
κατάθλιψη, ντροπή, άγχος,
ανεντιμότητα, απομόνωση...
Δηλαδή, θα μπορούσα
να συνεχίσω να λέω για πάντα.
Και επίσης, λόγω του ότι επανασυνδέει
τα κέντρα ανταμοιβής,
οδηγεί τους ανθρώπους στο να
το θέλουν όλο και περισσότερο.
Τα ναρκωτικά μπορείς να τα αποβάλλεις από
τον οργανισμό, τις αναμνήσεις όχι.
Έχουμε έναν πόλεμο ιδεολογιών τώρα.
Και αυτό το σκοτάδι μπορεί εύκολα
να μας καταλάβει
ακριβώς όπως θα μπορούσε να έχει γίνει
στον Δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο.
Είναι όπως με τους ναζί, μετά με τον
κομμουνισμό και μετά με το πορνό.
Ακριβώς.
Και μετά το πορνό, σωστά, ναι.
Ναζί, κομμουνισμός και πορνό.
Ναι. Και ξέρεις κάτι; Δεν πρόκειται να
μείνω αδρανής και να το αφήσω να συμβεί.
Θέλω να συνδράμω, να κάνω τη διαφορά.
Και αν δεν σας πειράζει να ρωτήσω,
με ποια θρησκεία συνδέεστε;
Είμαι μέλος της Εκκλησίας του Ιησού
Χριστού των Αγίων των Τελευταίων Ημερών.
Με τη θρησκεία των Μορμόνων, ναι.
Είμαι μέλος της Εκκλησίας του Ιησού
Χριστού των Αγίων των Τελευταίων Ημερών.
Ναι.
-Μορμόνοι.
-Ναι.
English:
The way you view sex in general.
And it just prevents you from seeing
things as they really are.
Pornography itself...
causes you depression, shame,
anxiety,
dishonesty,
isolation...
I mean, I could go on forever.
And it can also, because it rewires
the reward centers,
then it leads to people wanting
it more and more.
Drugs you can flush out, but...
memories you can’t.
We have a war of ideology now.
And that darkness could easily
take us over,
just like it could have
in World War II.
Like the Nazis, and then communism,
and then porn?
Exactly. And then porn, well said.
Nazis, communism, and porn..
Yeah, and you know what?
I’m not willing to stand by
and let that happen.
I want to do my part,
to make a difference.
And, if you don’t mind me asking,
what religion do you associate with?
I’m a member of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints.
The Mormon religion.
I am a member of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints.
-Yeah, Mormons.
-Mormons.
Yes.
Italian:
in cui vedi il sesso in generale.
E ti impedisce di vedere
le cose per come sono veramente.
La pornografia causa
depressione, vergogna, ansia,
disonestà, solitudine...
Potrei continuare all’infinito.
E può anche, attivando
il sistema di ricompensa,
portare gli utenti
a volerne sempre di più.
Le droghe vengono espulse dal corpo,
ma i ricordi no.
Ci troviamo in una guerra ideologica.
E l’oscurità potrebbe avere la meglio su di noi
come nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale.
Quindi comunismo,
nazismo, e porno.
Esattamente.
E porno, ben detto.
Sì, nazismo, comunismo e porno.
E non rimarrò inerme
a guardare queste cose succedere.
Voglio fare la mia parte,
fare la differenza.
Le dispiace se le chiedo
in che religione si riconosce?
Nella Chiesa di Gesù Cristo
dei Santi degli ultimi giorni.
Mormona.
Sono un membro della chiesa di Gesù Cristo
dei Santi degli ultimi giorni.
Sì.
- Mormoni.
- Sì.
Serbian:
Izmeni ti pogled na život,
žene i seks uopšte.
Sprečava te da stvari vidiš
onakvim kakve stvarno jesu.
Pornografija izaziva depresiju,
osećaj stida, anskioznost,
neiskrenost, otuđenost...
Mogla bih večno da nabrajam.
A pošto nagrađuje
centre za zadovoljstvo,
ljudi je žele sve više.
Droga možete da se rešite,
ali ne i sećanja.
Danas imamo rat ideologija.
Ta tmina mogla bi da nas proguta,
kao u Drugom svetskom ratu.
Nacisti, pa komunizam,
pa onda pornografija. -Upravo!
Lepo sročeno. Nacisti,
komunizam, i pornografija.
Ja neću da dozvolim da se to desi.
Doprineću da se nešto promeni.
Ako smem da pitam,
koje ste veroispovesti?
Član sam Crkve Isusa Hrista
svetaca poslednjih dana.
Mormonske veroispovesti.
Crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca
poslednjih dana.
Mormoni.
French:
On nous a dit 5 millions de fois
que cette convention n'était pas religieuse.
Que ce n'était pas un truc de mormons,
mais on n'a rencontré personne
qui ne soit pas lié à leur Église, donc...
C'était un truc de mormons.
On est avec un groupe de jeunes
en rémission suite à une addiction au porno.
On va essayer de parler au type en violet.
Il a un peu plus de 20 ans
et il se remet de son addiction au porno.
C'est...
Ce bébé essaie de voler mon téléphone.
Excuse-moi.
Non.
Salope.
Enchanté.
Salut,
comment allez-vous ?
Enchantée.
Romanian:
Ni s-a spus de nenumărate ori
că acest eveniment nu e religios
şi că nu e organizat de mormoni,
dar n-am cunoscut pe nimeni
care nu era mormon.
A fost evenimentul mormonilor.
Suntem la panoul tinerilor,
unde sunt
foştii dependenţi de pornografie.
O să vorbim cu băiatul în mov.
Are puţin peste 20 de ani
şi e fost dependent de pornografie.
Acel bebeluş vrea să-mi fure telefonul.
Pardon... Nu !
Târfă !
Mi-a părut bine.
- Bună !
- Îmi pare bine.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Μας είπαν γύρω στα 5 εκατομμύρια φορές
ότι αυτό το συνέδριο δεν είναι θρησκευτικό
και ότι δεν έχει να κάνει
με τους Μορμόνους, αλλά
εννοώ, δεν βρήκαμε σχεδόν κανέναν
άνθρωπο που να μην είναι Μορμόνος,
οπότε, έχει να κάνει με τους Μορμόνους.
Βρισκόμαστε στο πάνελ των νέων που
αναρρώνουν από την εξάρτηση από το πορνό.
Οπότε, θα προσπαθήσουμε να μιλήσουμε
στον τύπο με τα μοβ ρούχα.
Είναι εικοσάρης και βρίσκεται στην
απεξάρτηση από τον εθισμό στο πορνό.
Αυτό είναι... αυτό το μωρό
προσπαθεί να κλέψει το κινητό μου.
Συγγνώμη.
Όχι.
Γαμώτο.
Χαίρομαι που σε γνωρίζω.
Γεια σας! Πώς είστε παιδιά;
Χαίρω πολύ.
English:
We were told 5 million times
that this convention was
non-denominational,
and that it wasn’t a Mormon thing.
But, we barely met any single person
that wasn’t LDS church, so...
it was a Mormon thing.
We’re at the youth panel...
of people who are
recovering from porn addiction.
So we’re going to try and talk
to the guy in the purple.
He is in his early 20s, and he’s
a recovering porn addict.
This is... that baby is trying
to steal my phone.
Excuse me, no.
****
-Nice to meet you.
-Hi, I’m Karley.
-Hi there. How are you guys?
-Hi, nice to meet you.
How do you know if
you’re a porn addict?
Serbian:
Milion puta su nam rekli
da konvencija nije verska.
I da nije mormonski događaj.
No, jedva da smo sreli nekog ko
nije iz mormonske crkve. Tako da...
Jeste mormonski događaj.
Nalazimo se na tribini mladih
koji se leče
od zavisnosti od pornografije.
Probaćemo da popričamo
sa likom u ljubičastom.
On je u ranim dvadesetim i leči se
od pornografske zavisnosti.
Ona beba hoće
da mi ukrade telefon.
Izvinite. Nemoj.
Kučko.
Drago mi je.
-Zdravo. Kako ste? -Drago mi je.
Italian:
Ci hanno ripetuto
un milione di volte
che questa convention
non andava sotto alcuna insegna,
che non era una cosa mormona,
ma non abbiamo incontrato nessuno
che non faccia parte della chiesa mormona.
Quindi, è una convention mormona.
Siamo al panel per i giovani
che si stanno disintossicando dal porno.
Cercheremo di parlare
con quel ragazzo vestito di viola.
Ha poco più di vent’anni
e sta cercando di guarire dalla dipendenza dal porno.
Questo è—quella bambina
mi sta rubando il cellulare.
Scusa.
No.
Stronza.
Piacere di conoscerti.
Ciao, come state?
Piacere.
Portuguese:
Nos disseram muitas vezes que
não seria um evento seletivo, mas
Mal encontramos alguém que não fosse.
da igreja LDS, então
não era coisa de mórmom.
Agora é o painel jovem de pessoasl que estão
se recuperando do vício em pornografia
então vamos tentar conversar
com o cara de roxo que
tem vinte e poucos anos e está s
recuperando do vício em pornografia.
Esse é um bebê tentando roubar meu celular.
Maldita.
English:
Like, what are the signs?
You watch it, you want to stop.
You feel like you can't stop.
You feel like you’re trying to get
help, but you feel like you need it,
and you can't stop.
So I’m not talking to the
recreational guy who...
watches porn and whatever
a few times a week.
So watching porn a few times a
week is actually fine if it’s not...
affecting you?
I wouldn’t say that.
I would not personally say that.
My name’s Natale, I work with
Fight The New Drug.
We’re a non-profit organization
that educates on the harmful effects
of pornography.
We’re just looking to raise awareness
and educate,
specifically young people.
Why are you so passionate about
teaching people about the
dangers of pornography?
Did you have a negative experience
with porn yourself?
That's a great question.
So personally, I never struggled
with pornography, but...
Romanian:
Cum îţi dai seama
că eşti dependent de pornografie ?
Te uiţi, vrei să te opreşti,
dar nu poţi.
Cauţi ajutor,
dar simţi că ai nevoie de pornografie.
Nu mă refer la cineva
care se uită pentru divertisment,
de câteva ori pe săptămână.
E în regulă să te uiţi de câteva ori
pe săptămână, dacă nu te afectează ?
N-aş zice asta.
Eu, personal, n-aş zice asta.
Mă numesc Natalie,
de la "Luptă cu Noul Drog".
Suntem un ONG care educă oamenii
în privinţa efectelor pornografiei.
Vrem să sensibilizăm publicul,
mai ales tinerii.
#PORNOGRAFIA-UCIDE-DRAGOSTEA
PROMO, LUPTĂ CU NOUL DROG
De ce pui atâta pasiune
în acest proiect ?
Ai avut experienţe negative
cu pornografia ?
Bună întrebare.
Personal, n-am avut probleme.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Πώς ξέρεις ότι είσαι εθισμένος στο πορνό;
Ποια είναι τα σημάδια;
Το παρακολουθείς, θέλεις να σταματήσεις.
Αισθάνεσαι ότι δεν μπορείς να σταματήσεις.
Αισθάνεσαι ότι προσπαθείς
να ζητήσεις βοήθεια.
Αισθάνεσαι ότι τη χρειάζεσαι και
δεν μπορείς να σταματήσεις.
Οπότε δεν απευθύνομαι σε εκείνον
που το κάνει για ψυχαγωγία,
που βλέπει πορνό ή οτιδήποτε
λίγες φορές την εβδομάδα.
Οπότε, το να παρακολουθείς πορνό
λίγες φορές την εβδομάδα είναι εντάξει
αν δεν σε επηρεάζει;
Δεν θα το έλεγα.
Προσωπικά, δεν θα το έλεγα αυτό.
Το όνομά μου είναι Natalie.
Εργάζομαι στο Fight the New Drug.
Είμαστε μια μη κερδοσκοπική
οργάνωση, η οποία
παρέχει γνώσεις σχετικά με τις επιβλαβείς
επιπτώσεις της πορνογραφίας.
Προσπαθούμε απλώς να ευαισθητοποιήσουμε
και να μορφώσουμε τους νέους ανθρώπους.
Γιατί είσαι τόσο παθιασμένη με
τη διδασκαλία των ανθρώπων
σχετικά με τους κινδύνους της πορνογραφίας;
Είχες κάποια αρνητική εμπειρία με το πορνό;
Πολύ καλή ερώτηση.
Προσωπικά, ποτέ δεν ήρθα αντιμέτωπη
με την πορνογραφία,
French:
Comment savoir qu'on est accro au porno ?
Quels sont les signes ?
On regarde du porno.
On veut arrêter.
Mais on a l'impression de ne pas pouvoir.
On a envie de demander de l'aide.
On a le sentiment d'en avoir besoin,
de ne pas pouvoir arrêter.
Je ne m'adresse pas
au type qui regarde du porno
pour se distraire
quelques fois par semaine.
Alors en regarder quelques fois
par semaine, c'est bien,
tant que ça n'est pas néfaste ?
Je ne dirais pas ça.
Personnellement, je ne dirais pas ça.
Je m'appelle Natalie.
Je travaille pour
"Fight the New Drug",
une ONG de sensibilisation
sur les effets néfastes de la pornographie.
On essaie surtout d'éduquer les jeunes
et de les amener à en prendre conscience.
Pourquoi êtes-vous si dévouée
envers l'éducation des jeunes
face aux dangers de la pornographie ?
Avez-vous eu, vous-même,
une mauvaise expérience avec le porno ?
Très bonne question.
Je n'ai personnellement
jamais dû lutter contre la pornographie,
Serbian:
Po kojim znacima prepoznaš
da si zavisnik od pornografije?
Gledaš. Želiš da prestaneš.
Osećaš da ne možeš.
Gledaš da nađeš pomoć.
Ali osećaš kao da ti treba
i ne možeš da se obuzdaš
Ne pričam o nekom
ko gleda nekoliko puta nedeljno.
Pornografija par puta nedeljno je
u redu ako se ne navučeš?
Lično ne bih to tvrdio.
Zovem se Natali. Radim sa
"Borbom protiv nove droge."
Mi smo neprofitna organizacija
koja informiše
o štetnim posledicama pornografije.
Ukazujemo i informišemo,
posebno mlade.
Šta tebe navodi da obrazuješ mlade
o opasnostima pornografije?
I sama si imala negativno iskustvo
sa pornografijom? -Sjajno pitanje.
Lično nisam imala problem
sa pornografijom,
ali sam, kao heteroseksualna žena,
Italian:
Come fai a capire
che sei dipendente dal porno?
Quali sono i segnali?
Ne guardi un sacco.
Vuoi smettere.
Ma senti di poter smettere.
Senti di aver bisogno
di aiuto.
Ma senti anche di aver bisogno del porno,
e non puoi smettere.
Non sto parlando del ragazzo
che guarda qualche porno a settimana
per divertimento.
Quindi guardare qualche porno
a settimana è accettabile,
se non ha conseguenze su di te?
No, non me la sento
di dirlo, questo.
Personalmente non me la sento.
Mi chiamo Natalie.
Lavoro per Fight the New Drug.
Un’organizzazione no-profit
che ha lo scopo di educare
sulle conseguenze della pornografia.
Il nostro obiettivo è sensibilizzare
ed educare i giovani.
Perché hai tanto a cuore
la causa di informare la gente
sui pericoli della pornografia?
Hai avuto una brutta esperienza
con la pornografia?
Bella domanda.
Personalmente, non ho
mai avuto problemi con la pornografia.
Portuguese:
Como você sabe que é um viciado em
pornografia? Quais são os sinais?
Você assiste, quer parar e não consegue.
Você quer pedir ajuda,
que precisa disso, mas não consegue parar.
Não estou falando do recreativo
que assiste algumas vezes na semana.
Você acha que asistir algumas vezes
por seman é ok, que não afeta?
Eu não diria isso. Não pessoalmente.
Meu nome é Natale, trabalho numa
organização sem fins lucrativos
que educa sobre os efeitos nocivos da pornografia.
Trabalhamos na conscientização e
educamos especificamente jovens.
Por que você é tão envolvida com a
educação sobre os riscos da pornografia,
você já teve alguma experiência negativa
com a pornografia pessoalmente?
É uma boa pergunta. Pessoalmente,
não, mas como mulher heterossexual
English:
as a heterosexual female,
in my relationships...
I did date a lot of people
who struggled with it.
And it certainly impacted the ways
that they...
thought about me, the things
that they expected of me,
because of what they
had seen in pornography.
But it’s definitely something that,
once you’re stimulated by something,
there comes a time
when it’s not enough.
They’re just going down the rabbit
hole to something more extreme.
And in some cases, that leads to
illegal forms of pornography,
like child pornography.
Right. And then you end up
watching stepmom gang bang porn.
The last two years those have been
top-searched porn types,
which is just something interesting,
to...
I read that a lot of families’
search bar situations...
Very interesting.
-Incest porn.
-Essentially, yeah.
-So.
-Interesting.
Thank you very much.
Absolutely.
Anything else?
-Yeah, I want to get a t-shirt.
-Yeah, let’s get you a t-shirt.
OK. Give me one minute.
Modern Greek (1453-):
όμως ως ετεροφυλόφιλη γυναίκα,
στις σχέσεις μου
έβγαινα με πολλούς ανθρώπους
που πάλευαν με αυτό.
Και σίγουρα είχε αντίκτυπο στον τρόπο
με τον οποίο με αντιμετώπιζαν
τα πράγματα που περίμεναν από εμένα,
λόγω των όσων είδαν στο πορνό.
Αλλά σίγουρα είναι κάτι που...
μόλις διεγερθείς από κάτι,
φτάνει μια στιγμή κατά την οποία
αυτό δεν είναι αρκετό.
Και μετά παρασύρονται και πάνε
όλο και πιο βαθιά, σε κάτι πιο ακραίο.
Και σε μερικές περιπτώσεις, αυτό οδηγεί και
σε παράνομες μορφές πορνογραφίας,
όπως η παιδική πορνογραφία.
Σωστά και μετά καταλήγεις να βλέπεις
πορνό με μητριές και ομαδικά όργια.
Τα τελευταία δύο χρόνια, αυτές ήταν
οι κορυφαίες αναζητήσεις στο πορνό
ξέρεις, κάτι που είναι πολύ ενδιαφέρον.
Διάβασα ότι αναζητούνται πολύ
καταστάσεις με οικογένεια και τέτοια.
Πολύ ενδιαφέρον, ναι.
-Πορνό με αιμομιξία.
-Ουσιαστικά ναι.
Ενδιαφέρον. Σε ευχαριστώ πολύ.
-Τίποτα.
-Ναι.
Είναι κάτι άλλο;
-Ναι, θέλω ένα μπλουζάκι.
-Ναι, ας σου βρούμε ένα μπλουζάκι.
Οκ, δώσε μου ένα λεπτό.
Serbian:
bila u vezama sa ljudima
koji su imali problem.
Uticalo je na to kako me vide,
na njihova očekivanja od mene
zbog onog
što bi videli u pornografiji.
Kada nešto u njoj
počne da te stimuliše,
uskoro ti neće biti dovoljno.
Tako kreneš da se zakopavaš
u nešto ekstremnije.
To nekad vodi i do zabranjenih
oblika pornografije,
recimo sa decom.
Na kraju završiš gledajući
redaljke sa maćehama.
U poslednje dve godine,
to su najtraženije odrednice,
što je zanimljivo.
Čitam da se često pretražuje
pod odrednicom "porodično".
Zanimljivo. -Incest pornografija.
-Praktično, da.
Puno ti hvala.
-Još nešto si htela?
Hoću da kupim majicu.
Italian:
Ma in quanto ragazza etero,
mi è capitato
di uscire con persone
che ce li avevano.
E sicuramente ha avuto degli effetti su di me,
su quello che loro pensavano di me,
e sulle cose che si aspettavano,
che erano quelle
che avevano visto nei porno.
Ma quando sei continuamente
stimolato da qualcosa
arriva il momento
in cui non ti basta più.
Così si scavano la fossa,
cercando cose più estreme.
E in alcuni casi, questo porta
a forme illegali di pornografia,
come la pedopornografia.
Giusto, finisci per guardare
gang bang incestuose.
Negli ultimi due anni, sono stati
quelli i porno più cercati.
È interessante.
Ho letto che cercano
un sacco di porno legato alla famiglia.
Molto interessante, sì.
- Incest porn.
- Sì.
Interessante.
Grazie mille.
Figurati.
Posso fare altro per te?
- Sì, volevo una maglietta.
- Certo.
Dammi un minuto.
Romanian:
Ca femeie heterosexuală,
am ieşit cu mulţi bărbaţi
afectaţi de pornografie.
Le-a afectat modul în care mă percepeau
şi aşteptările pe care le aveau
de la mine,
fiindcă văzuseră anumite chestii.
Fără îndoială,
după ce te stimulează ceva,
ajungi să simţi că nu e suficient.
Apoi, te găseşti în cădere liberă
spre ceva mai extrem.
Uneori, duce la pornografie ilegală,
precum cea infantilă.
Şi ajungi să te uiţi
la orgii cu mame vitrege.
În ultimii doi ani, acestea au fost
cele mai căutate categorii.
E o chestiune foarte curioasă...
Am citit că se caută foarte des
categorii despre familie.
- E foarte curios.
- Incestuos.
- Da, în principiu.
- Interesant.
- Mulţumim mult.
- Nicio problemă. Mai e ceva ?
- Vreau un tricou.
- Alege !
French:
mais en tant que femme hétéro,
dans mes relations,
j'ai rencontré beaucoup de gens
en difficulté avec le porno.
Et ça a certainement influencé
la façon dont ils me considéraient,
ce qu'ils attendaient de moi
à cause de ce qu'ils avaient vu
dans la pornographie.
Mais clairement... Une fois
qu'on est stimulé par quelque chose,
il arrive un moment
où ce n'est pas assez.
Et on s'aventure sur un terrain inconnu
en quête de quelque chose de plus extrême.
Et cela peut parfois conduire
vers de la pornographie illégale,
comme la pornographie infantile.
Et on finit par se retrouver devant
des gang bangs de belles-mères.
Ces 2 dernières années, ça a été
les types de porno les plus recherchés.
C'est une information assez intéressante.
J'ai entendu qu'il y avait des tas
de recherches concernant les familles.
Très intéressant, oui.
- Le porno incestueux.
- Essentiellement, oui.
Intéressant.
Merci beaucoup.
Oui, absolument.
Autre chose ?
- Oui, je veux un de vos t-shirts.
- Bien, on va en trouver un.
OK, donnez-moi une minute.
Portuguese:
nos meus relacionamentos, namorei
muitos caras que se ligavam nisso
e com certeza afetavam a forma como me
viam, as coisas que esperavam de mim
por causa das coisas que viam na pornografia
com certeza é algo do tipo...
quando você é estimulado por algo
chega um momento em que não é o
bastante e isso é uma derrocada
em alguns casos isso leva a formas
ilegais de pornografia, como a infantil.
E a pessoa acaba asistindo
pornografia de madrasta, gang-bang.
Nos últimos dois anos tem havido
altas buscas por pornografia
de diferentes tipos e é algo
interessante para se notar.
E há grandes buscas com temas de famílias, situações de família?
-Sim.
-Pornografia de incesto?
-É.
-Interessante. Muito obrigada.
-De nada. Algo mais?
-Algo mais?
-Eu queria uma camiseta. Claro!
Serbian:
Dajte mi samo minut.
Hvala, Lori!
Recite nam nešto o knjizi
koju ste nedavno napisali.
Prva knjiga mi se zove
"Lepe slike, ružne slike:
zaštita dece od pornografije."
Čita se naglas,
pa se roditeljima tako olakšava
pokretanje takvog razgovora
sa decom.
Kad je najbolje početi obrazovanje
deteta o pornografiji? Čim se rodi?
Kad savladaju jezik
i dobiju pristup internetu.
Po nama, od treće godine,
jer svako dete od tri godine
ima pristup internetu
ili nekog ko ima pristup internetu.
To je ludilo. Odložila sam tašnu
na pet sekundi
i neka beba je prišla i izvukla
moj telefon. -Baš tako.
Mala zavisnica od pornografije!
-Upravo.
Ovde si
zbog antipornografske konvencije?
Italian:
Ok, grazie Lorry.
Può parlarmi del libro
che ha scritto?
Sì, il mio primo libro
è Good Pictures, Bad Pictures,
Porn-Proofing Today’s Young Kids.
È una storia che mira
ad aiutare i genitori
ad affrontare il discorso
con i figli.
Qual è il momento di cominciare
a educare i bambini sulla pornografia?
Appena nascono?
Direi quando cominciano a parlare,
e quando cominciano
ad avere accesso a internet.
Quindi diciamo tre anni,
perché tutti i bambini a tre anni
hanno accesso a internet,
o a qualcuno
che ha accesso a internet.
È assurdo, ho lasciato la mia borsa là
per cinque secondi
ed è arrivata una bambina
che mi ha preso il cellulare.
- Ho pensato, ecco, è dipendente dal porno.
- Esattamente.
English:
OK. Thank you, Laurie.
Can you explain this book
that you recently authored?
Yeah, well the first book
I authored was
Good Pictures Bad Pictures:
Porn-Proofing Today’s Young Kids.
And it’s a read-aloud story, so it
makes it easy for parents to...
start this conversation with
their children.
When is the best time to start
educating children about pornography?
Is it just, like, immediately
after they’re born?
Well, I would say when they start
having language
and when they start
having access to the Internet.
So we say three.
Because every three-year-old
has access to the internet,
or access to someone
that has access to the internet.
Which is insane. Literally, I left
my bag over there for five seconds
and this little baby came up and
grabbed my phone out of my bag--
-Exactly.
-I was like, “She’s a porn addict.”
Exactly.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Οκ, σε ευχαριστώ Lorry.
Εντάξει.
Μπορείτε να μου εξηγήσετε το βιβλίο
που γράψατε προσφάτως;
Ναι, λοιπόν το πρώτο βιβλίο
που έγραψα ήταν το
«Good Pictures, Bad Pictures,
Porn-Proofing Today’s Young Kids».
Είναι μια ιστορία που εκφωνείται,
έτσι το καθιστά εύκολο για τους γονείς να
ξεκινήσουν αυτή τη συζήτηση με τα παιδιά.
Ποια είναι η καταλληλότερη στιγμή
να ξεκινήσει η μόρφωση των παιδιών
σχετικά με την πορνογραφία;
Είναι αμέσως μόλις γεννηθούν;
Λοιπόν, θα έλεγα πως όταν
αρχίσουν να μιλάνε,
και όταν αρχίσουν να έχουν
πρόσβαση στο ίντερνετ.
Οπότε λέμε στα 3 έτη, επειδή
όπως είπα, κάθε 3χρονο παιδί
έχει πρόσβαση στο ίντερνετ
ή πρόσβαση σε κάποιον
που έχει πρόσβαση στο ίντερνετ.
Είναι τρελό, άφησα την τσάντα μου εκεί
για 5 δευτερόλεπτα στη κυριολεξία
και ήρθε ένα μικρό μωράκι και άρπαξε
το κινητό μου μέσα από την τσάντα.
Ακριβώς.
-Είπα «εκείνη είναι εθισμένη στο πορνό».
-Ακριβώς.
French:
OK. Merci Lorry.
Vous pouvez expliquer
ce livre que vous avez publié récemment ?
Bien, le premier que j'ai publié
s'appellait "Good Pictures, Bad Pictures,
les jeunes d'aujourd'hui
à l'épreuve du porno".
C'est une histoire à lire à haute voix,
destinée à faciliter pour les parents
la discussion
avec leurs enfants.
Quel est le meilleur moment pour commencer
à éduquer les enfants sur la pornographie ?
Immédiatement après leur naissance ?
Je dirais que c'est
dès qu'ils commencent à parler
et quand ils commencent
à pouvoir aller sur Internet.
Donc on dit 3 ans parce que,
comme je l'ai dit, tout enfant de 3 ans
a accès à Internet ou à une personne
qui a accès à Internet.
Ce qui est fou. J'ai posé
mon sac pendant 5 secondes
et un petit bébé est venu
et il a pris mon téléphone dans le sac.
Exactement.
- Je me suis dit : "Elle est accro au porno."
- Exactement.
Portuguese:
Você poderia explicar sobre esse
livro que você acaba de lançar?
Sim, o primeiro livro que eu lancei
foi "Boas fotos, fotos más",
voltado para a questão infantil,
são estórias para se ler em voz alta
facilitando aos pais iniciar esse
tipo de conversa com seus filhos.
Quando seria um bom momento para começar a educar
as crianças sobre pornografia?
Assim que nascem?
Eu diria que é quando começam a dominar a
língua e quando começa a acessar a internet.
Então por volta dos três anos.
Porque a maioria dessas crianças hoje têm
acesso à internet,ou a pessoas que acessam.
Eu estava alí e deixei minha bolsa
por cinco segundos e esse bebê
-veio e tirou o celular da minha bolsa.
-Exatamente.
-Pensei "ela é uma viciada em pornografia."
-Exatamente.
Romanian:
Numai un minut. Mulţumesc, Laurie !
Ne puteţi povesti despre cartea
pe care aţi scris-o recent ?
Da. Prima mea carte a fost
" Imagini bune, imagini rele:
cum să supraveghezi copiii de azi."
E o poveste de citit cu voce tare.
Îi ajută pe părinţi
să înceapă această conversaţie
cu copiii lor.
Care e cea mai bună perioadă
pentru a-i învăţa pe copii
despre pornografie ?
Imediat după naştere ?
Când încep să vorbească
şi când capătă acces la Internet.
Am ales vârsta de trei ani.
Fiindcă toţi copiii de trei ani
au acces la Internet
sau la cineva
care poate intra pe Internet.
E nebunesc. Mi-am lăsat geanta
nesupravegheată cinci secunde
şi un bebeluş mi-a furat telefonul.
- Mi-am zis: "E dependentă de porno."
- Exact.
Serbian:
Nije tako počelo, ali kad sam video
posledice, zamislio sam se.
Ja sam učitelj i redovno
idem po školama širom zemlje,
gde se više ne predaje
seksualno obrazovanje.
Kad vidim
koliko je to štetno za decu
i patnje koje se obznane
na ovakvim konvencijama,
pornografija je štetna
po stanovništvo.
Misliš li da je to
zbog kulture ponižavanja,
po kojoj su pornografija
i seks grešni?
Pa je onda ljudima neprijatno
da postave prava pitanja
kad žele da stupe
u seksualne odnose?
Da.
Mahom se ne zna šta je pristanak.
Pa niko ne zna kako da razgovara
o tome, niti kako da se raspita.
Ako već dozvoljavamo pornografiju,
koju ne treba zabranjivati,
jer ljudi treba da mogu da rade
šta god hoće u bezbednom okruženju.
To treba da podupremo rezolucijama
i sredstvima za promovisanje
zdravog seksualnog vaspitanja.
Kao neko ko se smatra
libertarijanskom
radikalnom feministkinjom,
nisam očekivala
da ću se naći zajednički jezik
sa antipornografski
nastrojenim mormonima.
Portuguese:
Você está aqui hoje para a convenção anti-pornografia?
Eu não pensei em vir, mas
depois que começou eu vim, sim.
Sou professor e já percorri escolas pelo
estado em que não há educação sexual.
E vejo como as crianças são feridas por
coisas que saem de convemções como essa
que me parecem seriamente
prejudiciais à população.
Você acha que é por causa dessa
cultura da vergonha que diz
que pornografia é ruim, sexo é ruim,
que deixa as pessoas desconfortáveis
para fazer as perguntas certas quando
começam suas atividades sexuais?
Com certeza, não há
consentimento em geral, então
ninguém fala a respeito, faz perguntas...se
permitirmos que a pornografia esteja lá
porque as pessoas devem poder fazer
o que quiserem num ambiente seguro,
precisamos proteger isso com
resoluções e fundos para promover
educação sexual saudável.
Alguém como eu, feminista
libertária sexual radical, eu não acho que
Italian:
Sei qua per la convention?
Non era in programma,
ma mi ci sono imbattuto
e sono entrato.
Sono un insegnante,
e vado spesso in giro
per varie scuole dello Utah
in cui l’educazione sessuale
non viene più insegnata.
E vedere i danni
che questi bambini subiscono
e l’oppressione che generano
convention come questa,
—è terribile per tutti noi.
E credi che sia
questa cultura della vergogna
che demonizza sesso e porno,
che fa sì che le persone
non riescano a porsi le giuste domande
riguardo ai rapporti sessuali?
Assolutamente.
Non abbiamo idea
di cosa sia il consenso.
E quindi nessuno sa come parlarne.
Nessuno sa che domande fare.
Se permettiamo al porno
di esistere—premesso che deve esistere
perché le persone dovrebbero essere
libere di fare quello che vogliono
in un ambiente sicuro—
dobbiamo controllarlo con regolamentazioni
e fondi, per promuovere
una sana educazione sessuale.
Mi considero una persona pro libertà sessuale
e una femminista radicale,
e non mi aspettavo di trovarmi bene
con i mormoni anti-porno.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Είστε σήμερα εδώ για το συνέδριο
κατά της πορνογραφίας;
Δεν ξεκίνησε έτσι, αλλά
μόλις το είδα να συμβαίνει,
προβληματίστηκα και ναι...
Εγώ προσωπικά είμαι δάσκαλος και πάω
τακτικά σε σχολεία παντού στην πολιτεία,
όπου δεν υπάρχει το μάθημα της σεξουαλικής
διαπαιδαγώγησης σε αυτά τα σχολεία πλέον.
Και το να βλέπεις τη ζημιά που
παθαίνουν αυτά τα παιδιά
και τον φρικτό πόνο που προκύπτει
από συνέδρια σαν αυτό,
είναι εξαιρετικά επιβλαβές για τον λαό μας.
Πιστεύεις ότι, λόγω της
κουλτούρας της ντροπής
που λέει ότι το πορνό είναι κακό,
το σεξ είναι κακό,
οι άνθρωποι δεν αισθάνονται άνετα
να κάνουν τις σωστές ερωτήσεις
όταν θέλουν να εμπλακούν
σε σεξουαλικές δραστηριότητες;
Οπωσδήποτε. Δεν έχουμε ιδέα
τι είναι γενικά η συγκατάθεση
και έτσι κανείς δεν γνωρίζει
πως να μιλήσει γι αυτό,
κανείς δεν ξέρει πώς να ρωτήσει γι αυτό.
Αν επιτρέπουμε στην πορνογραφία να υπάρχει,
κάτι που πρέπει να επιτρέπεται,
επειδή οι άνθρωποι πρέπει να έχουν
τη δυνατότητα να κάνουν ό,τι θέλουν
σε ένα ασφαλές περιβάλλον,
πρέπει να το στηρίξουμε αυτό με ψηφίσματα
και χρηματοδότηση για να προάγουμε
την υγιή σεξουαλική διαπαιδαγώγηση.
Ως κάποια που θεωρεί τον εαυτό της ως
ελευθεριακή ριζοσπαστική φεμινίστρια,
δεν πίστευα ότι θα ταίριαζα με τους
Μορμόνους που είναι κατά του πορνό.
French:
Vous êtes là pour
la convention anti-pornographie ?
Au début non,
mais j'ai vu ce qui se passait,
je me suis posé des questions et je suis là.
Je suis professeur, je vais régulièrement
dans des écoles de tout l'État
où il n'y a plus aucune éducation sexuelle.
Et je vois les torts que ça cause aux enfants
et la grande souffrance
qui émane de ce genre de convention,
c'est très néfaste pour notre population.
Et vous pensez que c'est parce que
cette culture stigmatisante dit
que le porno et le sexe sont néfastes ?
Et que les gens n'osent pas
poser les bonnes questions
quant à leur sexualité ?
Absolument.
En général, on ne sait pas
ce qu'est le consentement.
Et personne ne sait comment en parler.
Ni comment poser des questions à ce sujet.
Si l'on autorise la pornographie,
et je crois que ce serait bien
parce que les gens devraient
pouvoir faire ce qu'ils veulent
dans un environnement sécurisé,
alors il faut appuyer cela par des résolutions
et des fonds en faveur
d'une éducation sexuelle saine.
Je me considère féministe radicale
et libertarienne sur le plan sexuel,
et je ne pensais pas être
si proche des mormons anti-porno.
English:
Are you here today for the
anti-pornography convention?
I didn’t start out that way.
But after seeing it happening,
I had to wander in, yeah.
I am a teacher and go to schools
regularly all around the state.
Where there is no longer any sexual
education taught at those schools.
And to see the detriment these kids
go through,
and the horrible pain that’s coming
from conventions like this,
is severely harmful
to our population.
And do you think it’s because this
culture of shaming, that says,
“Porn is bad, sex is bad?”
Then people don’t feel comfortable
asking the right questions
when they want to engage
in sexual activity?
Absolutely. We have no idea
what consent is in general.
And so... no one knows how to talk
about it,
no one knows how to ask about it.
If we are allowing pornography to be
there, which it should be allowed.
Because people should be able to
do whatever they need to
in a safe environment.
We need to back that with resolutions
and funding to promote
healthy sex education.
As someone who considers myself a
libertarian, sex-radical feminist,
I didn't think that I was going
to be bonding with the
anti-porn Mormons.
Romanian:
Aţi venit la convenţia antipornografie ?
Nu am pornit cu gândul ăsta,
dar a trebuit să vin după ce am văzut.
Sunt profesor.
Vizitez regulat şcoli din tot statul.
Nu se mai predă
Educaţie Sexuală pe nicăieri.
Impedimentele provocate de acest lucru
şi suferinţa imensă
adusă de aceste convenţii
dăunează grav populaţiei.
Crezi că e din vina celor care spun
că pornografia şi sexul sunt dăunătoare ?
Crezi că oamenii se simt ruşinaţi
să pună întrebări
când vor să aibă contact sexual ?
Sigur. Nu ştim ce e consimţământul.
Nimeni nu ştie
să vorbească despre asta.
Dacă permitem pornografiei să existe,
ceea ce e normal, fiindcă oamenii
trebuie să fie liberi să facă ce vor,
atunci trebuie să dăm moţiuni
care să susţină asta
şi să promovăm educaţia sexuală.
Mă consider feministă radicală
şi liberală în ceea ce priveşte sexul.
English:
I do agree that we should keep
hardcore pornography
out of the hands of young children.
However, a lot of people
went far beyond that, though.
They took the anti-porn stance
to a degree where it just felt like
shaming people for the very basic
desire of wanting to watch porn.
And the thing about this...
“This is the right way and
this is the only way” mentality
that religion often puts forward
is that it breeds extremes of people
leaving those churches
and those communities,
and becoming people like me,
who write for blogs,
or people like Brooke,
who makes Mormon pornography.
And it makes me angry
when I see people
feeling so much pain that feels
ultimately unnecessary...
based on a belief that doesn’t give
human sexuality any room to breathe.
Serbian:
Slažem se da pornografiju treba
da držimo van domašaja male dece.
Međutim, mnogi idu mnogo dalje
u antipornografskom stavu,
do te mere
gde je to samo nagrđivanje ljudi
zbog bazične potrebe
da gledaju pornjavu.
Problem sa mentalitetom
koji propisuje
jedini ispravni način života
a koji religija zauzme,
jeste u tome
što stvara ekstremne ličnosti
koji napuštaju crkvu i zajednicu
i postaju kao ja,
koji pišu droljaste blogove,
ili kao "Bruk", koja snima
mormonsku pornografiju.
Toliko me razgnevi kad vidim
ljude koji nepotrebno pate,
vođeni verovanjima
koja ljudskoj seksualnosti
ne daju nimalo prostora da diše.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Συμφωνώ ότι πρέπει να κρατάμε
την σκληρή πορνογραφία
μακριά από τα μικρά παιδιά.
Ωστόσο πολλοί πήγαν
πολύ πιο μακριά από αυτό,
και κατά κάποιον τρόπο έφτασαν
τη στάση κατά του πορνό σε ένα σημείο
κατά το οποίο έμοιαζε απλώς
σαν να ντροπιάζουν ανθρώπους
για την πολύ βασική τους επιθυμία
να δουν πορνό.
Και το θέμα με αυτή τη...
«Αυτός είναι ο σωστός τρόπος, αυτός
είναι ο μόνος τρόπος» νοοτροπία,
την οποία προτάσσει συχνά η θρησκεία είναι
ότι οδηγεί τους ανθρώπους στα άκρα
και αφήνουν αυτές τις εκκλησίες
και τις κοινότητες
και γίνονται άνθρωποι σαν εμένα,
γράφουν σε προκλητικά blogs
ή άνθρωποι σαν την Brooke που
γυρνάει πορνό με Μορμόνους.
Και νευριάζω όταν βλέπω ανθρώπους
να νιώθουν τόσο πόνο
που τελικά δεν χρησιμεύει πουθενά,
βασιζόμενοι σε μια πίστη που δεν δίνει
στην σεξουαλικότητα χώρο να αναπνεύσει.
Portuguese:
eu me juntaria com mórmons anti-pornografia.
Eu concordo que devemos manter a
pornografia fora do alcance das crianças,
No entanto, muitas pessoas, em
nome disso, levaram a questão
'anti-pornografia' a níveis de envergonhar
pessoas por seu desejo básico
de assistir pornografia. E sempre
que há a mentalidade de "caminho certo e único",
coisas que as religiões geralmente fazem,
despertam extremos em pessoas
que vivem essas torturas
nessas igrejas e comiunidades
e se tornam pessoas como eu,
ou pessoas como a Brooke, que
faz pornografia mórmom e
me revolto quando vejo
pessoas sentindo tanta dor
certamente desnecessaria, com base em uma crença que
não deixa espaço para a sexualidade humana respirar.
Romanian:
Nu mă aşteptam să rezonez
cu mormonii care sunt antipornografie.
Sunt de acord că ar trebui
să ferim copiii de pornografie.
Însă mulţi au depăşit această idee
şi au ajuns să-i judece pe oameni,
pentru că vor să se uite la pornografie.
Iar această mentalitate,
că există o singură cale dreaptă,
care e promovată de religie,
formează oameni extremişti
care părăsesc o anume religie
şi care devin oameni
care scriu vulgarităţi, ca mine,
şi care fac pornografie mormonă,
ca Brooke.
Mă enervează
să văd oameni care suferă atât de mult,
fără să fie necesar,
din cauza unei credinţe
care nu dă o şansă sexualităţii umane.
Traducerea: Alexandru Neagoe
www.w-media.ro
French:
Mais je suis d'accord,
on devrait éloigner la pornographie hardcore
de nos enfants.
Cependant, beaucoup ont poussé
cette position anti-porno
bien plus loin, à un point où
il est plutôt question de stigmatiser
le simple fait
de vouloir regarder du porno.
Et le truc avec cette mentalité de
"c'est la bonne et seule
façon de voir" que la religion
met souvent en avant,
c'est qu'elle pousse des personnes
à quitter ces églises
et ses communautés
et à devenir des gens comme moi,
qui écris un blog de salope
ou comme Brooke
qui fait du porno mormon.
Et ça m'enrage de voir des gens
souffrir au point que
ça en devient absurde
à cause d'une foi
qui ne laisse à la sexualité
aucune place pour s'exprimer.
[TRADUCTION : STEPHEN SANCHEZ]
Italian:
Sono d’accordo sul fatto
che dovremmo tenere la pornografia
lontana dai bambini.
Ma molti andavano
ben oltre questa idea,
sposando posizioni
completamente anti-porno,
tali da svergognare le persone
che invece hanno il desiderio
di guardare porno.
E il fatto è che
questa mentalità del
giusto-sbagliato,
spesso legata alla religione, finisce
per tirare fuori l’estremismo dalle persone
che lasciano la chiesa
o la comunità,
e le spinge a diventare come me,
che scrivo di sesso,
o come Brooke,
che fa pornografia mormona.
E a farmi arrabbiare è il fatto
che vedo un sacco di sofferenza
assolutamente inutile
per un ideale che non lascia alla sessualità
nessuna possibilità di esprimersi.
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CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE WALK IN AND THE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE
PEOPLE WALK IN AND THE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE
PEOPLE WALK IN AND THE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING.
PEOPLE WALK IN AND THE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A
CHEERLEADERS ARE CHEERING AND
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN
PEOPLE ARE CLAPPING. EVERYONE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE.
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND
DESERVES A PLACE AND A MOMENT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT
IN THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE
CHEERED FOR AND LOVE. AND WE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO
WANT THEM TO FEEL THAT THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE.
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE
EXCITEMENT THAT THEY'RE HERE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR.
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR
THE EXCITEMENT CARRIES INTO THE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE
CLOTHING STORE. WHAT ARE YOU
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>>
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD
LOOKING FOR. HE LOOKED FOR WARM
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP
STUFF WITH MORE THAN
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA.
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED
>> 31000 ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S
DONATED AT A BARBERSHOP PLAY
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES
AREA. A JUDGE OFFERED LEGAL
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING
HELP AND THE STATE'S DIVISION
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES.
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF
OF WORKFORCE SERVICES HELP
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>>
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE
PEOPLE FIND JOBS TRAINING AND
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN
OTHER RESOURCES. ONE OF THE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE
>> AREAS THAT WE HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE
ABLE TO TOUCH HAS BEEN HELPING
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS
PEOPLE WITH CHILD CARE AND
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE.
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED
TRANSPORTATION THAT THOSE ARE
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY.
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED.
SOME SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS THAT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>>
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER
FOLKS HAVE. I'M AMAZED I'M
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH
HAPPY. I'M OVERJOYED. TERRY
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE
>> KENNEDY BROUGHT HER SONS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT
GRANDSONS VOLUNTEER WITH HER.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR.
SHE FEELS THE LOVE THE PASTOR
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT
BOYD PUTS INTO THIS EVENT IT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME.
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE
WAS NOT SOMETHING I HEAR. AT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT
ONE POINT MA'AM I THOUGHT THAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME.
WAS ME. AND THAT HE HAD HE TOOK
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE.
IT AND HE RAN WITH IT AND
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY.
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN
THAT'S WHAT IT BECAME. IT'S
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK
ALWAYS A BETTER FUTURE. IT'S
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE
ALWAYS A BRIGHTER DAY. WHEN YOU
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING.
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST
THINK YOU'RE GOING BACK TO
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS
SOMETHING I CAN DO WORSE THAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN SEE
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN SEE IN
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN SEE IN LITTLE
YOU'RE DOING. HOLD ON JUST HOLD
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN SEE IN LITTLE ROCK.
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN SEE IN LITTLE ROCK.
ON THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT AS YOU
CAN SEE IN LITTLE ROCK.
>>
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Korean:
사람들은 Google에서 답을 찾고, 소통하며
즐거움과 멋진 아이디어를 얻습니다
피드 스크롤 기능은 이 모든 활동에서
점점 더 중요해지고 있습니다
피드 화면에서 디스커버리 광고는
새로운 것을 시도하려는 사람들에게
내 브랜드와 제품을 보여줍니다
사람들이 좋아하는 브랜드가
될 수 있는 절호의 기회이기도 하죠
디스커버리 광고는 자동 조정되며
다음과 같은 곳에서 메시지를 전달합니다
사람들이 좋아하는 동영상을 둘러보는
YouTube 홈과 다음 볼만한 동영상 피드
쿠폰과 프로모션 소식을 찾는 Gmail
수백만 명이 매일 스크롤하며
관심 주제를 확인하는 디스커버도 있죠
디스커버리 캠페인 설정은 간단합니다
하지만 마케팅 목표에 맞춰야 하죠
예를 들어 새로운 리드를 창출하거나
온라인 판매를 유도하거나
브랜드 인지도와 구매 고려도를
구축하는 데 집중할 수 있습니다
설정 방법을 함께 살펴보겠습니다
Google 광고 계정에서
캠페인 목표를 선택하고
캠페인 유형으로 디스커버리를 선택합니다
Thai:
ผู้คนเข้ามาที่ Google เพื่อหาคำตอบ พูดคุย
หาความบันเทิง และค้นพบไอเดียดีๆ
การเลื่อนผ่านฟีดกลายเป็นส่วนสำคัญ
ของเส้นทางการใช้งานนี้
โฆษณา Discovery ช่วยให้คุณนำเสนอแบรนด์
และผลิตภัณฑ์แก่ผู้คนในช่วงเวลา
ที่พวกเขาเปิดใจที่จะลองสิ่งใหม่ๆ
ช่วงเวลาเหล่านี้จึงเป็นโอกาสดีที่คุณ
จะกลายเป็นหนึ่งของแบรนด์ที่ผู้คนชื่นชอบ
โฆษณา Discovery นั้นปรับเปลี่ยนได้
และจะแสดงข้อความบน
ฟีด "ดูอะไรต่อดี" และหน้าแรกของ YouTube
ในขณะที่ผู้คนเรียกดูวิดีโอโปรดของตน
ใน Gmail ในขณะที่ดู
ข้อเสนอและโปรโมชัน
และใน Discover ที่คนนับล้าน
เลื่อนดูหัวข้อที่ตนชื่นชอบในทุกวัน
การตั้งค่าแคมเปญ Discovery ทำได้ง่ายๆ
และควรสอดคล้องกับวัตถุประสงค์ทางการตลาด
เช่น คุณอาจเน้นไปที่การสร้าง
โอกาสในการขายใหม่ๆ กระตุ้นยอดขายออนไลน์
หรือสร้างการรับรู้และการพิจารณา
สำหรับแบรนด์ก็ได้
มาดูกระบวนการตั้งค่ากันครับ
ในบัญชี Google Ads
ให้เลือกเป้าหมายแคมเปญ
แล้วเลือก Discovery เป็นประเภทแคมเปญ
Indonesian:
Orang memanfaatkan Google untuk menemukan
jawaban, berkomunikasi, mencari hiburan,
dan menemukan ide hebat.
Men-scroll feed menjadi bagian
penting dalam perjalanan tersebut.
Iklan Discovery memungkinkan
penyajian merek & produk
kepada orang-orang selama momen ini,
saat mereka berusaha
mencoba hal baru.
Momen ini adalah
peluang bagus bagi Anda
untuk jadi salah satu
merek favorit mereka.
Iklan Discovery bersifat adaptif
dan menyajikan pesan di:
Beranda YouTube & feed Tonton Berikutnya,
saat orang menjelajahi video favoritnya.
Di Gmail, saat mereka mencari
penawaran dan promosi.
Dan di Discover, tempat jutaan orang
men-scroll setiap hari
untuk mengikuti topik favorit mereka.
Menyiapkan kampanye Discovery tidak sulit
dan sesuai dengan
tujuan pemasaran Anda.
Misalnya, Anda dapat fokus pada pembuatan
prospek baru, mendorong penjualan online,
atau membangun awareness dan
pertimbangan untuk merek Anda.
Mari bersama-sama
melihat proses penyiapan.
Di akun Google Ads,
pilih sasaran kampanye
dan pilih Discovery sebagai tipe kampanye.
Chinese:
Google 是大家尋找解答
溝通、娛樂和發掘好點子的主要平台
而在這段過程中
使用者瀏覽動態消息的次數也日趨頻繁
有了探索廣告，你就能在這些時候
向有意嘗試新事物的使用者
介紹你的品牌和產品
並藉由這些絕佳機會
讓自家品牌贏得青睞
探索廣告會自動調整
並在以下位置與情況中放送
使用者在 YouTube 的
「首頁」與「接下來請看」專區瀏覽喜愛影片時
使用者在 Gmail 中
查看優惠和促銷訊息時
以及「探索」專區
每天都有上百萬名使用者
在這裡追蹤他們喜愛的主題
設定探索廣告相當簡單
且能協助你達成行銷目標
比方說
你可以將重點放在產生待開發客戶
提升線上銷售量
或是提升品牌意識和考慮度上
一起來看看如何設定探索廣告
在 Google Ads 帳戶中
選擇一項廣告活動目標
並選取 [探索] 這個廣告活動類型
German:
Nutzer suchen auf Google nach
Antworten, Unterhaltung und neuen Ideen.
Dabei gewinnen Feeds
immer mehr an Bedeutung.
Mit Discovery-Anzeigen zeigen Sie
Ihre Marke und Ihr Produkt genau dann,
wenn Nutzer bereit sind für Neues.
Diese Momente bieten Ihnen die Chance,
zur favorisierten Marke zu werden.
Discovery-Anzeigen sind
anpassbar und überall zu sehen:
Auf YouTube in den Feeds
und Videoempfehlungen,
wenn Nutzer nach Videos suchen.
In Gmail, wenn Nutzer nach
Aktionen und Angeboten suchen,
In Discover, wo Nutzer täglich
Neues zu ihren Lieblingsthemen finden.
Eine Discovery-Kampagne sollte sich stets
an Ihren Marketingzielen orientieren.
Sie können neue Leads generieren,
den Online-Umsatz steigern
oder Ihre Marke bekannter
und attraktiver machen.
So erstellen Sie eine Kampagne:
Wählen Sie in Google Ads
das Zielvorhaben der Kampagne.
Wählen Sie Discovery als Kampagnentyp.
Turkish:
Google yanıt bulmak,
iletişim kurmak, eğlenmek
ve harika fikirler keşfetmek
isteyen kullanıcıların adresidir.
Bu yolculukta, feed'ler arasında gezinmek
giderek daha fazla yer kaplıyor.
Discovery reklamlar, kullanıcıların
yeniliklere açık olduğu bu anlarda
markanızı ve ürünlerinizi tanıtma
imkanı sunuyor.
Bu anlar, kullanıcıların favori markası
olmanız için de harika fırsatlar içeriyor.
Uyarlanabilir Discovery reklamlar,
mesajınızı şu platformlara taşır:
Kullanıcıların favori videolarını aradığı
YouTube Ana Sayfa/Sonrakini İzle feed'i,
kullanıcıların teklif ve promosyonları
aradığı Gmail,
ve milyonlarca kullanıcının sevdikleri
konulara göz attığı Keşfet.
Kolayca oluşturulan Discovery kampanyası,
pazarlama hedeflerinize uygun olmalıdır.
Örneğin, yeni potansiyel müşteriler
kazanmaya, online satışları artırmaya
veya markanız için bilinirliği ve üzerinde
düşünmeyi artırmaya odaklanabilirsiniz.
Şimdi, kampanya oluşturma
sürecini ele alalım.
Google Ads hesabınızda
bir kampanya hedefi seçin
ve kampanya türünü
Discovery olarak belirleyin.
Spanish:
La gente usa Google
para buscar respuestas
comunicarse, entretenerse
y descubrir grandes ideas.
Desplazarse por un feed
es una gran parte de ese recorrido.
Los anuncios discovery
presentan su marca y productos
cuando las personas
están dispuestas a probar algo nuevo.
Esto representa una gran oportunidad
para que su marca se vuelva su favorita.
Los anuncios discovery son adaptables
y presentarán su mensaje
en los feeds de "Home"
y “A continuación” de YouTube
mientras se usa la plataforma;
en Gmail mientras se buscan
ofertas y promociones
y en Descubre,
que millones de personas visitan a diario
para estar al día con sus temas favoritos.
Crear una Campaña discovery es sencillo
y debe alinearse
con sus objetivos de marketing.
Por ejemplo, puede enfocarse
en generar nuevos leads
impulsar ventas en línea
o aumentar el conocimiento
y la consideración de su marca.
Revisemos el proceso de configuración.
En su cuenta de Google Ads,
elija un objetivo de campaña
y seleccione el tipo Discovery.
Russian:
С помощью Google пользователи ищут ответы,
общаются, развлекаются и открывают новое.
Если вы хотите показывать
в это время
рекламу своего бренда и товаров,
включите объявления Discovery.
Так вы сможете привлечь
новых потенциальных клиентов.
Кроме того, у вас будет возможность стать
одним из самых любимых брендов покупателя.
Объявления Discovery
показываются в следующих местах:
в фиде главной страницы YouTube и
разделе с рекомендованными видео;
в почтовом ящике Gmail;
в рекомендациях Google.
Кампания Discovery поможет вам
легче достичь поставленных целей.
Например, вы сможете
привлечь новых клиентов,
увеличить онлайн-продажи,
а также повысить узнаваемость бренда.
Давайте посмотрим,
как запустить кампанию Discovery.
Выберите цель кампании
в вашем аккаунте Google Рекламы.
В качестве типа кампании
укажите Discovery.
English:
People turn to Google to find answers, communicate,
be entertained, and discover great ideas.
Scrolling through feeds is becoming
a bigger part of that journey.
Discovery ads let you present your brand and
products to people during these moments,
when they’re open to trying something new.
And these moments provide a great opportunity
for you to become one of their favorite brands.
Discovery ads are adaptive and
will present your message on:
YouTube's Home and Watch Next feeds, as
people are browsing for their favorite videos,
in Gmail, as they look for
offers and promotions,
and in Discover, where millions of people scroll
everyday to catch up on their favorite topics.
Setting up your Discovery campaign is simple
and should align with your marketing objectives.
For example, you can focus on generating
new leads, driving online sales,
or building awareness and
consideration for your brand.
Let’s go over the set up process together.
In your Google ads account, choose a campaign goal
and select Discovery as the campaign type.
Portuguese:
As pessoas usam o Google para
encontrar respostas,
se comunicar, se divertir
e achar boas ideias.
Os feeds estão se tornando
uma parte importante dessa jornada.
Anúncios Discovery mostram sua marca
e produtos às pessoas no momento
em que elas
procuram algo novo.
Esses momentos são ótimos para
sua marca se tornar uma das favoritas.
Anúncios Discovery são nativos
e aparecem
na página inicial e na seção "Próximo"
do YouTube, durante a exibição de vídeos,
na área de ofertas e
promoções do Gmail,
e no Discover, onde milhões de
pessoas veem notícias todos os dias.
Configurar uma campanha Discovery
alinhada com seus objetivos é simples.
Por exemplo, seu foco pode ser
gerar novos leads, aumentar vendas on-line
ou promover o reconhecimento
e a consideração da sua marca.
Vamos ver o
processo de configuração.
Na sua conta do Google Ads,
selecione uma meta de campanha
e escolha "Discovery"
como o tipo de campanha.
Polish:
Ludzie używają Google, by znaleźć
informacje, rozrywkę i pomysły
oraz by się komunikować.
Coraz większą część ich podróży do zakupu
zajmuje przeglądanie różnych treści.
Reklamy Discovery umożliwiają pokazanie
marki i produktów użytkownikom w chwilach,
gdy szukają oni czegoś nowego.
Wtedy nadarza się doskonała okazja,
by Twoja marka stała się ich ulubioną.
Reklamy Discovery są adaptacyjne
i pojawią się:
na stronie głównej YouTube i w sekcji
Warte obejrzenia, gdy użytkownicy
przeglądają ulubione filmy;
w Gmailu, kiedy szukają ofert i promocji;
oraz na karcie Discover,
gdzie miliony osób codziennie przeglądają
treści poświęcone ulubionym tematom.
Konfiguracja kampanii
Discovery jest prosta
i powinna być zgodna
z celami marketingowymi.
Możesz np. skupić się na zdobywaniu nowych
klientów, zwiększaniu sprzedaży online
albo budowaniu świadomości marki i jej
uwzględnianiu przy rozważaniu zakupu.
Omówmy proces konfiguracji.
Na koncie Google Ads wybierz cel kampanii,
a potem typ – Discovery.
Japanese:
Googleのサービスは検索、交流、
娯楽、アイデアの発見などに利用されます
その一連の流れの大部分がフィードの閲覧です
ファインド広告は 新しいものを求めるユーザーに
ブランドや商品を紹介するのに効果的です
ブランドのファンを増やす
チャンスに繋がるかもしれません
ファインド広告は自動調整され
様々な場所に表示されます
YouTubeでは「ホーム」と
視聴画面の「次のおすすめ」フィードに
Gmailでは特典やプロモーションとして
Discoverでは多くの人が
トピックを閲覧する画面に表示されます
ファインド広告はマーケティング目標に
合わせて簡単に設定できます
たとえば 新規見込み顧客の創出や
オンライン売り上げの拡大
ブランドの認知度を高めることを
目標にします
設定方法を見ていきましょう
Google広告アカウントで
キャンペーンの[目標]を選択し
[ファインド広告]を選択
Arabic:
يلجأ المستخدمون إلى Google بحثًا عن أجوبة
وسبل تواصل وترفيه وأفكار رائعة
وللوصول إلى ما يبحثون عنه،
يتصفحون الكثير من الخلاصات
وتساعدك "الإعلانات أثناء التصفّح"
على تقديم علامتك التجارية ومنتجاتك لهم
عند استعدادهم هذا لتجربة جديدة
ويمكنك أن تستغل هذه الفرصة لتصبح
علامتك التجارية من العلامات المفضّلة لديهم
هذه الإعلانات تكيّفية
وتساعدك في عرض رسالتك على:
خلاصتَي "الصفحة الرئيسية" و"مشاهدة التالي"
في YouTube بينما يتصفّح العملاء الفيديوهات
وفي Gmail
عندما يبحثون عن عروض عادية وترويجية
وفي ميزة "اقتراحات" التي يستخدمها ملايين
المستخدمين يوميًا لمتابعة مواضيعهم المفضلة
إن إعداد حملة "أثناء التصفّح" أمر سهل
ويجب أن يتوافق مع هدفك التسويقي
يمكنك مثلاً التركيز على جذب عملاء
محتملين جدد أو زيادة المبيعات على الإنترنت
أو تعزيز الوعي بعلامتك والتفكير في شرائها
لنطلِّع معًا على كيفية إعداد هذه الحملة
اختَر هدفًا لحملتك
في حسابك على "إعلانات Google"
واختَر "أثناء التصفّح" كنوع حملتك
English:
People turn to Google to
find answers, communicate, be entertained
and discover great ideas.
Scrolling through feeds
is becoming a bigger part of that journey.
Discovery ads let you present your brand
and products to people during these moments
when they're open to trying something new.
And these moments provide a great opportunity
for you to become
one of their favourite brands.
Discovery ads are adaptive
and will present your message on
YouTube's 'Home' and 'Watch Next' feeds
as people are browsing
for their favourite videos
in Gmail, as they look for
offers and promotions
and in Discover,
where millions of people scroll every day
to catch up on their favourite topics.
Setting up your Discovery campaign is simple
and should align
with your marketing objectives.
For example, you can focus on
generating new leads, driving online sales
or building awareness
and consideration for your brand.
Let's go over the set-up process together.
In your Google Ads account,
choose a campaign goal
and select 'Discovery' as the campaign type.
Italian:
Gli utenti usano Google per avere risposte
comunicare, intrattenersi e trovare idee.
Consultare i feed sta diventando una parte
importante del percorso.
Gli annunci discovery presentano brand e
prodotti ai clienti durante questi momenti
quando sono pronti a scoprire
qualcosa di nuovo.
Questi momenti sono un'ottima opportunità
per diventare uno dei loro brand preferiti.
Gli annunci discovery sono adattabili
e presenteranno il tuo messaggio
sui feed Home e Guarda in seguito mentre
gli utenti cercano i loro video preferiti
su Gmail, mentre cercano
offerte e promozioni
e in Discover, dove in milioni si aggiornano
quotidianamente sugli argomenti preferiti.
È facile impostare le campagne Discovery
in linea con gli obiettivi di marketing.
Ad es. puoi concentrarti sui nuovi lead,
sull'aumento delle vendite online
sull'aumento della notorietà
e della considerazione del brand.
Esaminiamo la procedura di configurazione.
Nell'account Google Ads
scegli l'obiettivo della campagna
e seleziona discovery come tipo di campagna.
Chinese:
人们使用Google来答疑解惑
与人沟通、娱乐享受，发掘好点子
而浏览信息流在这个过程中变得越来越重要
发现广告能在用户准备尝试新的选择时
向他们呈现您的品牌与产品
而这也是您能把握机会
让品牌受用户青睐的关键时刻
发现广告具有自适应能力
并能在以下位置与时机展示：
YouTube的“首页”与“接下来观看”动态中
-用户在浏览最爱的视频时
Gmail中
-用户在寻找优惠和促销讯息时
“探索”专区
-每日有千百万用户在此跟踪喜爱的主题
设置发现广告系列相当简单
并应与您的营销目标保持一致
例如，您可以专注于
挖掘新的潜在客户、提高在线销售量
或提升品牌认知度和钟意度
让我们一起来看看设置流程
首先，在Google Ads帐号中
选择一个广告系列目标
并选择“发现”作为广告系列类型
Spanish:
La gente acude a Google
en busca de respuestas
comunicación, entretenimiento
y buenas ideas.
Navegar por distintos feeds
es una constante
en todos esos procesos.
Los anuncios discovery
muestran tu marca
y productos a los usuarios
cuando están predispuestos
a probar cosas nuevas.
Son una oportunidad
para convertirte
en una de sus marcas favoritas.
Son anuncios adaptables
y se muestran en varios sitios.
En los feeds Inicio
y Ver ahora de YouTube
mientras los usuarios
buscan sus vídeos favoritos.
En Gmail, cuando consultan
ofertas y promociones.
Y en Discover, donde acuden
millones de personas cada día
para informarse de sus temas favoritos.
Crear una campaña discovery
es muy sencillo
y te servirá para cumplir
tus objetivos de marketing.
Por ejemplo, puedes
centrarte en generar leads
en aumentar las ventas online
o crear notoriedad de marca
o que los usuarios la tengan en cuenta.
Veamos en qué consiste
el proceso de creación.
En tu cuenta de Google Ads,
elige el objetivo de la campaña
y selecciona el tipo de campaña Discovery.
French:
Les gens utilisent Google
pour obtenir des réponses, communiquer,
se divertir et trouver de grandes idées.
Parcourir les fils d'actualité
en devient partie intégrante.
Les annonces Discovery présentent
votre marque aux internautes à ce moment-là,
quand ils sont ouverts à la découverte.
Les marques découvertes alors peuvent
devenir les préférées des utilisateurs.
Les annonces Discovery sont adaptées
en fonction du contexte :
Sur la page d'accueil de YouTube
et dans la section "À regarder ensuite".
Dans Gmail, lors des recherches d'offres
et de promotions.
Dans Discover, où des millions d'utilisateurs
se renseignent sur leurs sujets favoris.
Les campagnes Discovery sont simples
et adaptées à vos objectifs marketing.
Que ce soit d'attirer des prospects,
d'augmenter les ventes en ligne
ou d'accroître la notoriété
et d'influencer la décision d'achat.
Jetons un œil
au processus de configuration.
Dans votre compte Google Ads,
choisissez un objectif
et sélectionnez "Discovery"
comme type de campagne.
Vietnamese:
Mọi người dùng Google để tìm câu trả lời, để liên lạc,
để giải trí và khám phá những ý tưởng hay.
Việc lướt xem thông tin trên các trang bảng tin
đang trở thành một phần quan trọng của hành trình này.
Quảng cáo khám phá giúp bạn giới thiệu thương hiệu
và sản phẩm với mọi người những lúc như thế,
khi họ sẵn sàng khám phá sản phẩm mới.
Những thời điểm này cho bạn cơ hội tuyệt vời
để trở thành một thương hiệu yêu thích của họ.
Quảng cáo thích ứng có thể điều chỉnh dễ dàng
và sẽ trình bày thông điệp của bạn trên
Trang chủ và trang "Tiếp theo" của YouTube
khi người dùng tìm video yêu thích,
trong Gmail khi họ tìm ưu đãi
và chương trình khuyến mãi,
trong mục Khám phá, nơi hàng triệu người lướt xem
mỗi ngày để cập nhật các chủ đề yêu thích.
Việc thiết lập Chiến dịch khám phá là rất đơn giản,
và cần phù hợp với mục tiêu tiếp thị của bạn.
Ví dụ: bạn có thể tập trung vào việc tạo khách hàng
tiềm năng, tăng doanh số bán hàng trực tuyến,
hoặc khiến khách hàng nhận biết và
cân nhắc lựa chọn thương hiệu của bạn.
Hãy cùng tìm hiểu quy trình thiết lập.
Trong tài khoản Google Ads của bạn, chọn một mục tiêu chiến dịch
và chọn loại chiến dịch là "Khám phá".
Russian:
Введите название кампании
и выберите целевые языки и местоположения.
Теперь выберите стратегию
интеллектуального назначения ставок.
Система будет подбирать ставки
для аукционов в режиме реального времени.
Так вы сможете достичь
своих маркетинговых целей.
Есть две стратегии: "Максимум конверсий"
и "Целевая цена за конверсию".
В первом случае вы получите наибольшее
число конверсий в рамках бюджета.
Стратегия "Целевая цена за конверсию"
помогает получить как можно больше
конверсий по заданной цене.
При этом нужно установить бюджет минимум
в 10 раз больше, чем цена за конверсию.
Следующий шаг –
создание группы объявлений.
Выберите инструменты
для привлечения аудитории.
Если ваша цель –
увеличение продаж в Интернете
или привлечение клиентов,
выберите следующие инструменты:
Arabic:
أدخِل اسمًا للحملة واختَر
المواقع الجغرافية واللغات المستهدفة
والآن اختَر
استراتيجية عروض الأسعار الذكية
ترتكز عروض الأسعار الذكية
على تقنية تعلُم الآلة في Google
لتحديد عروض أسعار لكل مزاد في الوقت الفعلي
بهدف مساعدتك على تحقيق هدفك التسويقي
اختَر
"تحقيق الحد الأقصى من الإحالات الناجحة"
أو
"التكلفة المستهدفة للإجراء"
تحاول الاستراتيجية الأولى تحقيق
أكبر عدد من الإحالات ضمن ميزانيتك اليومية
فيما تحاول الاستراتيجية الثانية تحقيق
أكبر عدد من الإحالات الناجحة
باستخدام
تكلفة الإجراء المستهدفة التي حددتها
إذا اخترت "تكلفة الإجراء المستهدفة"،
لا تعتمِد ميزانية تقل عن 10 أضعاف التكلفة
تابِع عملية إنشاء الحملة
من خلال إنشاء مجموعة إعلانية
يجب الآن اختيار استهداف الجمهور
إذا كان هدفك زيادة المبيعات
على الإنترنت أو جذب عملاء محتملين
اختر فئات استهداف الجمهور التالية
"تجديد النشاط التسويقي"
English:
Enter a campaign name and choose the
locations and languages you’d like to target.
Now it’s time to select your Smart Bidding strategy.
Smart bidding relies on Google's powerful machine
learning to set real-time bids for each and every auction,
to help you achieve your marketing objectives.
You’ll choose either the Maximize conversions
or Target CPA bidding strategy.
Maximize conversions will use your daily budget to gain
as many conversions as possible within your set budget,
while Target CPA will drive as many conversions as possible
using the target cost per action that you’ve set.
If you choose Target CPA, make sure that
your daily budget is at least 10x your CPA.
Next, continue through the campaign
creation process by creating an ad group.
You’ll now select your audience targeting.
If your marketing objective is to
drive online sales or generate leads,
start with the performance audiences of Remarketing,
Polish:
Wpisz nazwę kampanii i wybierz lokalizacje
oraz języki, na które chcesz ją kierować.
Teraz czas wybrać strategię
inteligentnego określania stawek.
Inteligentne określanie stawek opiera się
na systemach uczących się Google,
by określać stawki
w czasie rzeczywistym dla każdej aukcji
i pomagać Ci osiągać
cele marketingowe.
Do wyboru masz 2 strategie: Maksymalizacja
liczby konwersji i Docelowy CPA.
Maksymalizacja konwersji
wykorzysta budżet dzienny,
by zyskać jak najwięcej konwersji.
Docelowy CPA postara się zyskać
jak najwięcej konwersji
przy ustalonym docelowym
koszcie działania.
Gdy wybierzesz tę strategię,
ustaw budżet dzienny tak,
by wynosił
co najmniej 10 razy więcej niż CPA.
Aby kontynuować tworzenie kampanii,
przygotuj grupy reklam.
Teraz możesz wybrać
kierowanie na odbiorców.
Gdy celem jest zwiększenie sprzedaży
online lub liczby potencjalnych klientów,
zacznij od usług skuteczności
związanych z odbiorcami: remarketingu,
Portuguese:
Insira o nome da campanha e escolha os
idiomas e locais de segmentação.
Agora, selecione sua
estratégia de Lances inteligentes.
Eles usam o aprendizado de máquina
do Google para definir lances em tempo real
e ajudar a alcançar
suas metas de marketing.
Há duas estratégias:
"Maximizar conversões" e "CPA desejado".
"Maximizar conversões" usará seu orçamento
diário para gerar o máximo de conversões
e "CPA desejado" irá gerar
o máximo de conversões
usando o custo por ação
desejado que você definiu.
Se você escolher "CPA desejado", defina um
orçamento diário 10 vezes maior que o CPA.
Agora, crie um grupo de
anúncios para continuar o processo.
Selecione a
segmentação por público-alvo.
Se sua meta for gerar
vendas on-line ou leads,
comece com os públicos
de Remarketing,
Italian:
Inserisci il nome della campagna e scegli
località e lingua target.
Adesso seleziona la strategia Smart Bidding
che usa il potente machine learning di Google
per offerte in tempo reale per ogni asta
e aiutarti a raggiungere
gli obiettivi di marketing.
Scegli la strategia Massimizza le
conversioni o CPA target.
La prima usa il budget giornaliero per avere
il massimo delle conversioni possibili
nel budget stabilito
mentre CPA target genererà
il massimo di conversioni possibili
usando il costo per azione target
che hai impostato.
Con CPA target, assicurati che il budget
giornaliero sia almeno 10 volte il CPA.
Prosegui la configurazione della campagna
creando un gruppo di annunci.
Seleziona il targeting per pubblico.
Se l'obiettivo di marketing è aumentare le
vendite online o generare lead
inizia con i segmenti di pubblico
redditizi come Remarketing
Japanese:
名前を入力し
ターゲットの地域と言語を設定します
次はスマート自動入札戦略です
Googleの高度な機械学習を使って
各オークションをリアルタイムで最適化し
目標の達成を目指します
「コンバージョン数の最大化」
または「目標コンバージョン単価」を選択します
「コンバージョン数の最大化」は1日の予算内で
最大のコンバージョンを獲得する戦略です
「目標コンバージョン単価（CPA）」は
指定したアクション単価で
最大のコンバージョン数を獲得します
目標CPAの場合 1日の予算は
CPAの10倍以上にしてください
次に広告グループを作成して
キャンペーンの作成を続けます
オーディエンスターゲティングを選びます
オンライン売り上げや
見込み顧客の増加が目標の場合は
English:
Enter a campaign name
and choose the locations
and languages you'd like to target.
Now it's time
to select your Smart Bidding strategy.
Smart Bidding relies on
Google's powerful machine learning
to set real-time bids
for each and every auction
to help achieve your marketing objectives.
You'll choose the 'Maximise conversions'
or 'Target CPA' bidding strategy.
'Maximise conversions'
will use your daily budget
to gain as many conversions as possible
within your set budget
while 'Target CPA'
will drive as many conversions as possible
using the 'target cost per action'
that you've set.
If you choose Target CPA, make sure that
your daily budget is at least 10x your CPA.
Next, continue through
the campaign creation process
by creating an 'Ad group'.
You'll now select your audience targeting.
If your marketing objective is
to drive online sales or generate leads
start with the performance audiences
of 'Remarketing', 'Customer Match'
Chinese:
輸入廣告活動名稱
並選擇你要指定的地區與語言
接著選擇智慧出價策略
智慧出價運用 Google 強大的機器學習技術
在每次競價中設定即時出價
進而協助你達成行銷標的
你可以選擇「盡量爭取轉換」
或「目標單次操作出價」策略
「盡量爭取轉換」會利用每日預算
在指定預算範圍內盡可能爭取最多轉換
「目標單次操作出價」
則會運用你設定的目標單次操作出價
盡可能爭取最多轉換
若選擇「目標單次操作出價」
請確保每日預算至少為單次操作出價的 10 倍
接著，建立廣告活動群組
繼續完成廣告活動建立程序
下一步是選擇指定目標對象
如果行銷標的是
提高線上銷售量或產生待開發客戶
建議將成效目標對象選為「再行銷」
Vietnamese:
Nhập tên chiến dịch rồi chọn địa điểm
và ngôn ngữ mà bạn muốn nhắm mục tiêu.
Tiếp theo, bạn chọn chiến lược
Đặt giá thầu thông minh.
Chiến lược này dựa trên công nghệ máy học mạnh mẽ của Google
để đặt giá thầu theo thời gian thực cho từng phiên đấu giá,
nhằm giúp bạn đạt được mục tiêu tiếp thị.
Tiếp theo, bạn sẽ chọn chiến lược đặt giá thầu
"Tối đa hóa lượt chuyển đổi" hoặc "CPA mục tiêu".
"Tối đa hóa lượt chuyển đổi" sẽ dùng ngân sách hằng ngày
để thu nhiều lượt chuyển đổi nhất có thể theo ngân sách của bạn.
Còn "CPA mục tiêu" thúc đẩy nhiều lượt chuyển đổi nhất có thể
theo giá mỗi hành động mục tiêu mà bạn đã thiết lập.
Nếu chọn "CPA mục tiêu", thì bạn cần có
ngân sách hằng ngày gấp 10 lần giá CPA của mình.
Tiếp theo, bạn sẽ tiếp tục quy trình tạo chiến dịch
bằng cách tạo một nhóm quảng cáo.
Chọn cách nhắm mục tiêu theo đối tượng.
Nếu mục tiêu tiếp thị của bạn là thúc đẩy doanh số
bán hàng trực tuyến hoặc tạo khách hàng tiềm năng,
thì hãy bắt đầu bằng đối tượng hiệu suất là "Tiếp thị lại",
Thai:
ป้อนชื่อแคมเปญและเลือก
ประเทศและภาษาที่ต้องการกำหนดเป้าหมาย
เลือกกลยุทธ์ Smart Bidding
Smart Bidding ใช้แมชชีนเลิร์นนิง
ประสิทธิภาพสูงของ Google
ในการกำหนดราคาเสนอแบบเรียลไทม์
สำหรับการประมูลแต่ละครั้ง
เพื่อช่วยให้คุณบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ทางการตลาด
คุณจะเลือกกลยุทธ์การเสนอราคาแบบเพิ่มจำนวน
Conversion สูงสุดหรือ CPA เป้าหมายก็ได้
การเพิ่มจำนวน Conversion สูงสุดจะใช้
งบประมาณรายวัน
เพื่อให้ได้รับ Conversion มากที่สุด
ภายในงบประมาณที่ตั้งไว้
ส่วน CPA เป้าหมายจะเพิ่ม Conversion
ให้ได้มากที่สุด
โดยใช้ต้นทุนต่อการดำเนินการเป้าหมาย
ที่ตั้งไว้
ถ้าเลือก CPA เป้าหมาย ให้กำหนดงบประมาณ
รายวันอย่างน้อย 10 เท่าของ CPA เป้าหมาย
ต่อไป ตั้งค่าแคมเปญต่อ
โดยการสร้างกลุ่มโฆษณา
เลือกการกำหนดกลุ่มเป้าหมาย
ถ้าวัตถุประสงค์การตลาดคือ
เพิ่มยอดขายออนไลน์ หรือสร้างโอกาสในการขาย
ให้เริ่มด้วยกลุ่มเป้าหมายประสิทธิภาพ
ในรูปแบบรีมาร์เก็ตติ้ง
Turkish:
Kampanya adını girip hedeflemek
istediğiniz yerleri ve dilleri belirleyin.
Şimdi, Akıllı Teklif stratejisini seçelim.
Akıllı Teklif, her açık artırmada
gerçek zamanlı teklifler belirlemek için
Google'ın makine öğreniminden yararlanarak
pazarlama hedeflerinize
ulaşmanıza yardımcı olur.
Dönüşümleri artırma veya EBM hedefi
stratejilerinden birini seçebilirsiniz.
Dönüşümleri artırma, bütçenizi aşmadan
mümkün olduğunca çok dönüşüm sağlamak
için günlük bütçenizi kullanır.
Hedef EBM ise belirlediğiniz
işlem başına maliyet hedefini kullanarak
mümkün olduğunca çok dönüşüm sağlar.
Hedef EBM stratejisinde, günlük bütçeniz
EBM'nizin en az 10 katı olmalıdır.
Reklam grubu oluşturmaya geçerek
kampanyanızı ayarlamaya devam edin.
Şimdi, kitle hedeflemenizi seçmelisiniz.
Pazarlama hedefiniz online satışı artırmak
veya potansiyel müşteri elde etmekse
Yeniden pazarlama, Müşteri eşleştirme,
Spanish:
Ingrese un nombre de campaña
y elija las ubicaciones e idiomas
a los que desea orientarse.
Ahora seleccione una estrategia
de Ofertas inteligentes.
Estas usan el potente
aprendizaje automático de Google
para establecer ofertas en tiempo real
en todas las subastas
y que alcance
sus objetivos de marketing.
Elija la estrategia Maximizar conversiones
o CPA objetivo.
Maximizar conversiones
invierte el presupuesto diario
para obtener todas las conversiones posibles
dentro de un límite.
Con CPA objetivo,
se generan todas las conversiones posibles
con el costo por acción objetivo
que establezca.
Si usa CPA objetivo
procure que el presupuesto diario
sea al menos 10 veces mayor que su CPA.
Luego, cree un grupo de anuncios
para continuar con el proceso.
Ahora seleccionará
la Orientación por público.
Si su objetivo es obtener leads
o impulsar ventas en línea
comience con los públicos de rendimiento
de Remarketing
Spanish:
Escribe el nombre de la campaña
y elige los países e idiomas
a los que quieres dirigirte.
Pasemos a seleccionar
la estrategia Smart Bidding.
Utiliza el aprendizaje
automático de Google
para fijar pujas
en tiempo real para cada subasta
que te ayuden a conseguir
tus objetivos de marketing.
Puedes elegir las estrategias
Maximizar conversiones o CPA objetivo.
Maximizar conversiones
invierte tu presupuesto diario
en conseguir tantas
conversiones como sea posible
sin salirse del presupuesto.
CPA objetivo busca
el máximo posible de conversiones
con el coste por acción
objetivo que hayas definido.
Si eliges CPA objetivo,
el presupuesto diario
debe ser al menos
10 veces superior al CPA.
Para configurar la campaña,
debes crear un grupo de anuncios.
Selecciona la segmentación
de tu audiencia.
Si tu objetivo
es aumentar las ventas online
o generar leads
empieza con las audiencias de remarketing.
Segmentación por lista de clientes
German:
Geben Sie einen Namen ein,
und wählen Sie Zielregionen und -sprachen.
Legen Sie dann Ihre
Smart Bidding-Strategie fest.
Smart Bidding nutzt maschinelles Lernen,
um für jede Auktion
Gebote in Echtzeit abzugeben,
damit Sie Ihre Marketingziele erreichen.
Als Gebotsstrategie wählen Sie
Conversions maximieren oder Ziel-CPA.
Bei Conversions maximieren wird versucht,
möglichst viele Conversions
mit Ihrem festen Tagesbudget erzielen.
Bei Ziel-CPA möchten Sie
möglichst viele Conversions erzielen,
die Ihrem angestrebten
für Cost-per-Action entsprechen.
Bei Ziel-CPA muss Ihr Tagesbudget
mindestens das Zehnfache Ihres CPA sein.
Als Nächstes erstellen Sie
eine Anzeigengruppe für die Kampagne.
Wählen Sie Ihre Zielgruppen.
Um den Online-Umsatz zu steigern
oder Leads zu generieren,
beginnen Sie mit den
lukrativen Zielgruppen Remarketing,
Indonesian:
Masukkan nama kampanye, lalu pilih
lokasi dan bahasa target Anda.
Sekarang pilih strategi Smart Bidding.
Smart Bidding menggunakan
machine learning canggih Google
untuk mengatur bid secara
real-time dalam setiap lelang,
untuk membantu Anda mencapai
tujuan pemasaran.
Anda akan memilih strategi bidding
Maksimalkan konversi atau Target CPA.
Maksimalkan konversi akan menggunakan
anggaran harian Anda
untuk mendapat konversi sebanyak mungkin
sesuai anggaran yang ditetapkan.
Target CPA akan mendorong
konversi sebanyak mungkin
menggunakan target biaya per tindakan
yang Anda tetapkan.
Jika memilih Target CPA, pastikan
anggaran harian Anda minimal 10x CPA Anda.
Berikutnya, lanjutkan pembuatan
kampanye dengan membuat grup iklan.
Sekarang Anda akan memilih
penargetan audiens.
Jika tujuan pemasaran mendorong
penjualan online
atau menghasilkan prospek,
mulai dengan audiens berperforma
seperti Pemasaran Ulang,
Chinese:
输入广告系列的名称
并选择想定位的地理位置与语言
现在，该选择智能出价策略了
它依托Google强大的机器学习技术
能学习实时为每次竞价设置出价
以便协助您达成营销目标
您可选择“尽可能提高转化次数”
或“目标每次转化费用”出价策略
“尽可能提高转化次数”会利用每日预算
在指定预算范围内争取尽可能多的转化次数
“目标每次转化费用”
则会根据您设置的目标每次转化费用
争取尽可能多的转化次数
若选择“目标每次转化费用”，请确保
每日预算至少为每次转化费用的10倍
接着，创建广告组
继续完成广告系列创建流程
现在您需要选择受众群体定位条件
若您的营销目标是
提高在线销量或发掘潜在客户
请先将效果受众群体设置为“再营销”
French:
Choisissez un nom de campagne,
et les emplacements et langues ciblés.
Choisissez ensuite
une stratégie d'enchères intelligentes.
Elles s'appuient
sur le machine learning de Google
pour définir l'enchère la mieux adaptée
à chaque fois
et vous aider à atteindre vos objectifs.
Vous pouvez choisir la stratégie
"Maximiser les conversions" ou "CPA cible".
La maximisation des conversions
utilise votre budget quotidien
pour augmenter les conversions
sans dépasser votre budget défini.
Les enchères au CPA cible visent
autant de conversions que possible
avec un coût par action cible spécifié.
Pour cette stratégie, votre budget quotidien
doit être d'au moins dix fois le CPA.
Créez ensuite un groupe d'annonces.
Choisissez le ciblage par type d'audience.
Si vous souhaitez augmenter les ventes
ou attirer des prospects,
choisissez les audiences de remarketing,
Korean:
캠페인 이름을 입력하고
타켓팅하는 위치와 언어를 선택합니다
이제 스마트 자동 입찰 전략을
선택할 시간입니다
스마트 자동 입찰은
강력한 Google 머신러닝을 통해
모든 입찰에 실시간 입찰가를 설정하여
마케팅 목표를 달성하도록 도와줍니다
전환수 최대화 또는
타겟 CPA 입찰 전략을 선택합니다
전환수 최대화는 일일예산을 사용하여
예산 내에서 최대한 많은 전환을 끌어내고
타겟 CPA는 내가 설정한
타겟 전환당비용을 사용하여
최대한 많은 전환을 유도합니다
타겟 CPA를 선택하면 일일예산이
CPA의 10배 이상이어야 합니다
이제 광고 그룹을 만들어
캠페인을 만드는 법을 알아보겠습니다
잠재고객 타겟팅을 선택합니다
마케팅 목표가
온라인 판매 유도나 리드 창출이라면
우선적으로 선택할 잠재고객은
Spanish:
Segmentación por clientes,
intención personalizado
y en el mercado.
Estos públicos incluyen a las personas
que ya interactuaron con su marca
o demostraron interés
en sus productos o servicios.
Si usa el público basado
en intención personalizado
cree un público con 10 o más
palabras clave de mejor rendimiento
de sus campañas de Búsqueda.
Para ampliar el alcance
de los públicos seleccionados
habilite la expansión de público.
Si sus objetivos de marketing
son el conocimiento y la consideración
puede agregar Acontecimientos
para llegar a las personas
en momentos importantes de sus vidas.
También considere los públicos afines,
que se basan en intereses y hábitos.
Separe sus públicos
como remarketing
e intención personalizado
en grupos de anuncios
o campañas diferentes.
Ahora proporcione elementos de creatividad.
Se usarán para crear
anuncios nativos detallados y llamativos
y se optimizan para todas las experiencias
del feed discovery en Google.
Luego, ingrese su URL final.
Turkish:
Özel amaç ve Pazardaki kitle gibi
performans kitlelerinden başlayın.
Bu kitleler, daha önce
markanızla etkileşime geçmiş
veya ürün ya da hizmetinize
ilgi göstermiş kullanıcıları içerir.
Özel amaç'ı seçerseniz
kitlenizi, arama ağı kampanyalarınızda
en iyi performans gösteren en az 10
anahtar kelimeyle oluşturmanız önerilir.
Seçtiğiniz kitlelerin erişimini artırmak
için Kitle genişletme ayarını açın.
Pazarlama hedefleriniz
bilinirlik ve üzerinde düşünme ise
hayatın dönüm noktalarındaki kullanıcılara
ulaşmak için Yaşamdaki önemli olaylar ve
ilgi alanları ile alışkanları temel alan
Yakın İlgi Alanı kitlelerini ekleyin.
Yeniden pazarlama ve Özel amaç gibi
kitlelerinizi farklı reklam gruplarına
ve kampanyalara ayırın.
Şimdi, reklam öğelerinizi
yükleyebilirsiniz.
Bunlar, zengin ve canlı
yerel reklamlar oluştururken kullanılır
ve Google'daki tüm Discovery feed'i
deneyimleri için optimize edilir.
Ardından, nihai URL'nizi girin.
French:
de ciblage par liste de clients,
d'intention personnalisée et sur le marché.
Ces audiences comportent des utilisateurs
qui ont déjà interagi avec votre marque
ou qui s'intéressent à vos produits
ou services.
Pour les audiences d'intention,
créez une liste d'au moins 10 mots clés
performants issus de vos campagnes
sur le Réseau de Recherche.
Pour augmenter votre portée,
activez l'élargissement de l'audience.
Si vos objectifs sont la notoriété
et les décisions d'achat,
utilisez aussi "Événements de la vie",
qui ciblent les grandes étapes de la vie,
et "Audiences d'affinité",
basées sur les intérêts et habitudes.
Veillez à séparer les audiences
de remarketing et d'intention personnalisée
en groupes d'annonces
ou campagnes distincts.
Fournissez maintenant
des éléments de création.
Ils permettront de créer
des annonces riches et vivantes,
et sont optimisés pour tous les flux
Discovery avec Google.
Saisissez ensuite votre URL finale.
Indonesian:
Customer Match, Niat Kustom,
dan Dalam Pasar.
Audiens ini mencakup orang yang pernah
berinteraksi dengan merek Anda
atau menunjukkan minat terhadap
produk atau layanan Anda.
Jika menggunakan Niat Kustom,
sebaiknya buat audiens dengan 10
atau lebih kata kunci berperforma terbaik
dari kampanye Penelusuran.
Untuk memperluas jangkauan pilihan
audiens, aktifkan ekspansi audiens.
Jika awareness dan pertimbangan merupakan
tujuan pemasaran Anda,
pertimbangkan untuk menambahkan
peristiwa kehidupan,
yang memungkinkan menjangkau orang
selama pencapaian hidup terpenting,
dan audiens Minat, yang
didasarkan pada minat dan kebiasaan.
Pastikan Anda memisahkan audiens,
seperti Pemasaran Ulang dan Niat Kustom,
ke dalam grup atau kampanye yang berbeda.
Sekarang Anda akan memasukkan
aset materi iklan.
Aset ini digunakan untuk membuat
iklan native yang lengkap dan menarik
dan dioptimalkan untuk semua pengalaman
feed Discovery di Google.
Selanjutnya, masukkan URL final.
Arabic:
و"مطابقة العملاء" و"مخصَّص
حسب النية بالشراء" و"الجمهور في السوق"
تضم هذه الفئات مستخدمين
تفاعلوا مع علامتك التجارية في السابق
أو أبدوا اهتمامهم
بمنتجك أو بالخدمة التي تقدّمها
مع
"مخصَّص حسب النية بالشراء"
ننصحك بتكوين جمهور بأفضل 10 كلمات رئيسية
أو أكثر استخدمتها في حملاتك على شبكة البحث
ولتوسيع الوصول إلى فئات الجمهور المحدَدة
تأكد من تفعيل ميزة "توسيع نطاق الجمهور"
وإذا كان هدفك التسويقي تعزيز
الوعي بعلامتك والتفكير في شرائها
ننصحك بإضافة "أحداث في الحياة" للتفاعل
مع المستخدمين خلال محطات حياتهم المهمة
وأضِف "الجماهير ذات الاهتمامات المشتركة"
التي تركّز على الاهتمامات والعادات
افصِل بين الفئات، مثلاً "تجديد النشاط
التسويقي" و"مطابقة العملاء"
في مجموعات وحملات إعلانية مختلفة
يجب الآن إضافة
مواد عرض تصاميم الإعلانات
وهي تنشئ إعلانات مدمجة
مع المحتوى تتسم بالغنى والإبداع
ويتم تحسينها في كل خلاصات حملات
"أثناء التصفّح" في منتجات Google
أدخِل بعد ذلك "رابط عنوان URL النهائي"
Japanese:
リマーケティング、カスタマーマッチ、
カスタムインテント、購買意向から始めます
こうすると以前ブランドや商品に
興味を持った人が対象に含まれます
カスタムインテントの場合は
検索キャンペーンで有効だった
キーワードを10個以上追加しましょう
リーチを広げたい場合は
「オーディエンスの拡大」をオンにします
認知度を高めることが目標の場合は
人生の節目にアプローチできる
「ライフイベント」や
興味や習慣に基づく「アフィニティ」の
追加を検討します
リマーケティングとカスタムインテントは
別の広告グループやキャンペーンに分けてください
次にクリエイティブアセットです
視覚的なネイティブ広告の作成に使われ
Google全体の
Discoverフィードに最適化されます
次にURLを入力
Vietnamese:
"So khớp khách hàng", "Mục đích tùy chỉnh"
và "Cân nhắc mua hàng".
Những đối tượng này gồm những người
trước đây đã tương tác với thương hiệu
hoặc có quan tâm đến
sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ của bạn.
Nếu sử dụng "Mục đích tùy chỉnh",
thì bạn nên tạo một đối tượng bằng ít nhất 10 từ khóa
hoạt động hiệu quả nhất từ các Chiến dịch tìm kiếm của bạn.
Để mở rộng phạm vi tiếp cận đối tượng đã chọn,
hãy nhớ bật tính năng "Mở rộng đối tượng".
Nếu mục tiêu tiếp thị của bạn là
mức độ nhận biết và cân nhắc,
thì bạn có thể thêm "Sự kiện trong đời" để giúp bạn
tiếp cận khách hàng ở những mốc quan trọng trong cuộc đời họ,
và "Đối tượng chung sở thích", dựa trên
mối quan tâm và thói quen.
Hãy phân các đối tượng như "Tiếp thị lại"
và "Mục đích tùy chỉnh"
vào những nhóm hoặc chiến dịch quảng cáo khác nhau.
Tiếp theo là cung cấp tài sản sáng tạo.
Các tài sản này dùng để xây dựng
các quảng cáo gốc trực quan, sống động,
và được tối ưu hóa cho mọi trải nghiệm trên
trang bảng tin Khám phá trên khắp Google.
Sau đó, nhập URL cuối cùng của bạn.
Thai:
การจับคู่ข้อมูลลูกค้า
ความตั้งใจที่กำหนดเอง และผู้ที่มีแผนจะซื้อ
กลุ่มเป้าหมายเหล่านี้จะรวมผู้ที่เคย
มีส่วนร่วมกับแบรนด์ของคุณ
หรือแสดงความสนใจในผลิตภัณฑ์
หรือบริการของคุณอยู่แล้ว
ถ้าใช้ความตั้งใจที่กำหนดเอง
ขอแนะนำให้สร้างกลุ่มเป้าหมาย
ด้วยคีย์เวิร์ดประสิทธิภาพสูงสุด
มากกว่า 10 รายการ
จากแคมเปญในเครือข่ายการค้นหา
ถ้าอยากขยายการเข้าถึงกลุ่มเป้าหมายที่เลือก
ให้เปิดการขยายกลุ่มเป้าหมาย
ถ้าวัตถุประสงค์ทางการตลาดคือ
การรับรู้และการพิจารณา
ให้ลองเพิ่มเหตุการณ์สำคัญในชีวิต ซึ่งจะ
ทำให้เข้าถึงผู้คนในช่วงเวลาสำคัญของชีวิต
รวมถึงเพิ่มกลุ่มเป้าหมายตามกลุ่มความสนใจ
ซึ่งอิงตามความสนใจและพฤติกรรม
อย่าลืมแยกกลุ่มเป้าหมาย เช่น
รีมาร์เก็ตติ้งและความตั้งใจที่กำหนดเอง
เป็นแคมเปญหรือกลุ่มโฆษณาที่ต่างกัน
ตอนนี้คุณจะต้องใส่ไฟล์เนื้อหาโฆษณา
ระบบจะใช้ไฟล์เหล่านี้ในการสร้างโฆษณาเนทีฟ
ที่โดดเด่นและมีข้อมูลครบ
และเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพสำหรับการใช้งาน
ฟีดทั้งหมดของ Discovery บน Google
ต่อไปให้ป้อน URL สุดท้าย
Italian:
Customer Match, Intenzione personalizzata
e In-market.
Questi segmenti di pubblico includono chi
ha già interagito col tuo brand
o mostrato interesse nei tuoi
prodotti o servizi.
Se usi l'Intenzione personalizzata
crea un segmento di pubblico con 10 o più
delle parole chiave col miglior rendimento
delle campagne sulla rete di ricerca.
Per estendere la portata dei segmenti
selezionati, attiva l'Espansione del pubblico
Se punti a notorietà e considerazione
usa Eventi importanti e raggiungi gli
utenti in momenti significativi della vita
e Segmenti di pubblico di affinità,
basati su interessi e abitudini.
Assicurati di separare i segmenti come
Remarketing e Intenzione personalizzata
in gruppi di annunci o campagne differenti.
Ora devi fornire risorse delle creatività.
Verranno usate per creare annunci nativi
accattivanti e vivaci
e sono ottimizzate per tutti i feed
Discovery su Google.
In seguito, inserisci l'URL finale.
German:
Kundenabgleich, Kaufbereit
und Gemeinsame Absicht.
Diese Zielgruppen
kennen Ihre Marke bereits
oder haben Interesse
an Ihrem Produkt gezeigt.
Bei Gemeinsame Absicht wird empfohlen,
eine Zielgruppe mit den 10 erfolgreichsten
Keywords Ihrer Suchkampagnen erstellen.
Aktivieren Sie die Zielgruppenerweiterung,
um noch mehr Interessierte zu erreichen.
Um Bekanntheit und
Kaufbereitschaft zu steigern,
können Sie Lebensereignisse hinzufügen,
um Käufer zu
bestimmten Anlässen zu erreichen.
Nutzen Sie auch Zielgruppen
mit gemeinsamen Interessen.
Unterteilen Sie Zielgruppen wie
Remarketing und Gemeinsame Absicht
in mehrere Anzeigengruppen oder Kampagnen.
Jetzt fügen Sie Creative-Assets hinzu.
Daraus entstehen native Anzeigen,
die ins Auge fallen
und die für jeden Discovery-Feed
in Google optimiert werden.
Geben Sie dann Ihre finale URL ein.
Russian:
ремаркетинг, списки электронных адресов,
особые аудитории по намерениям
и заинтересованные покупатели.
Так вы привлечете клиентов,
которые уже взаимодействовали с брендом
или интересовались им.
При использовании инструмента
"Особые аудитории по намерениям" добавьте
более 10 эффективных ключевых слов
из кампании в поисковой сети.
Чтобы увеличить охват выбранной аудитории,
включите расширение аудитории.
Если ваша цель – повышение
узнаваемости и заинтересованности,
попробуйте добавить
тип аудитории по событиям.
Так можно показывать объявления
пользователям на разных жизненных этапах.
Или выберите аудитории по интересам.
Главное – создавайте
разные группы объявлений
или кампании для разных типов аудитории.
Теперь пора загрузить объекты объявлений.
Это основа рекламных объявлений.
Комбинируя различные объекты,
система создает эффективные объявления,
оптимизированные по рекомендациям Google.
Теперь добавьте конечный URL.
Korean:
리마케팅, 고객 일치 타겟팅,
맞춤 의도, 구매 의도 잠재고객입니다
이러한 잠재고객은
내 브랜드에 참여한 적이 있거나
내 제품이나 서비스에
이미 관심을 보인 사람들입니다
맞춤 의도를 사용하는 경우
검색 캠페인의 최고 실적 키워드를 10개
이상 사용해 잠재고객을 설정해 보세요
선택한 잠재고객의 도달범위를 확대하려면
잠재고객 확장을 사용 설정해야 합니다
인지도와 고려도가 마케팅 목표라면
인생의 중요 시점에 있는 사람들에게
도달할 수 있는 생애 주요 이벤트와
관심분야 및 습관을 바탕으로 하는
관심분야 잠재고객을 추가해 보세요
리마케팅, 맞춤 의도와 같이
잠재고객을 서로 다른 광고 그룹
또는 캠페인으로 구분해야 합니다
이제 광고 애셋을 제공할 수 있습니다
광고 애셋은 다채롭고 생동감 있는
네이티브 광고를 만드는 데 사용되며
Google의 모든 디스커버리 피드
환경에 맞게 최적화됩니다
이제 최종 URL을 입력합니다
Portuguese:
Segmentação por lista de clientes,
Intenção personalizada e No mercado.
Esses públicos incluem pessoas
que já interagiram com sua marca
ou que mostraram
interesse no seu produto ou serviço.
Para intenções personalizadas,
crie um público usando
10 ou mais das palavras-chave
com melhor desempenho nas
suas campanhas de pesquisa.
Para aumentar o alcance
das opções selecionadas,
ative a "Expansão de público-alvo".
Se reconhecimento e
consideração são sua meta,
adicione "Eventos importantes" para
alcançar pessoas durante momentos cruciais
e "Públicos-alvo de afinidade", que
se baseiam em interesses e hábitos.
Separe os públicos, como de
remarketing ou intenção personalizada,
em diferentes campanhas
ou grupos de anúncios.
Agora forneça
materiais de criativos.
Eles são usados para criar
anúncios nativos atraentes
e são otimizados para as experiências
em feeds de Discovery no Google.
Agora, insira
seu URL final.
English:
Customer match, Custom intent, and In-market.
These audiences include people who have
previously engaged with your brand
or have already shown interest
in your product or service.
If you use Custom intent,
it’s recommended to build an audience with 10 or more of
the best performing keywords from your Search campaigns.
To broaden the reach of your selected audiences,
be sure to turn on Audience expansion.
If awareness and consideration
are your marketing objectives,
consider also adding Life events, which allows you
to reach people during major life milestones,
and Affinity audiences, which are
based on interests and habits.
Make sure to separate your audiences,
like Remarketing and Custom intent,
into different ad groups or campaigns.
Now you’ll want to provide creative assets.
These will be used to build rich and vibrant native ads
and are optimized for all Discovery
feed experiences across Google.
Next, enter your Final URL.
Chinese:
“目标客户匹配”、“自定义的意向受众群体”
和“有具体兴趣的受众群体”
这些受众群体包含之前曾与您品牌互动的用户
或是已对产品或服务表露出兴趣的用户
若选择“自定义的意向受众群体”
建议您在建立受众群体时，采用10个以上
在搜索广告系列中成效最佳的关键字
请务必启用受众群体扩展功能
来覆盖更多所选择的受众群体
若您的营销目标为提升品牌认知度和钟意度
我们还建议添加“人生大事”
在用户适逢人生重要里程碑时覆盖他们
以及兴趣相似的受众群体
依据兴趣和习惯来覆盖他们
请务必将受众群体区分开
例如“再营销”与“自定义的意向受众群体”
然后纳入不同的广告组或广告系列中
现在需要提供广告素材资源
素材资源会用来制作丰富且鲜活的原生广告
并会针对Google上
所有“探索”信息流体验进行优化
接着，输入“最终到达网址”
English:
'Custom intent' and 'In-market'.
These audiences include people
who have previously engaged with your brand
or have already shown interest
in your product or service.
If you use custom intent,
it's recommended to build an audience
with ten or more of
the best-performing keywords
from your Search campaigns.
To broaden the reach
of your selected audiences
be sure to turn on 'Audience expansion'.
If awareness and consideration
are your marketing objectives
consider also adding 'Life events'
which allow you to reach people
during major life milestones
and 'Affinity audiences',
which are based on interests and habits.
Make sure to separate your audiences,
like 'Remarketing' and 'Custom intent'
into different ad groups or campaigns.
Now you'll want to provide creative assets.
These will be used
to build rich and vibrant native ads
and are optimised for
all Discovery feed experiences across Google.
Next, enter your 'Final URL'.
Chinese:
「目標客戶比對」
「自訂意願目標對象」和「潛在目標消費者」
這些目標對象包含
曾與你品牌互動的使用者
或是曾對產品或服務表露興趣的客群
若選擇「自訂意願目標對象」
建立目標對象時，建議採用至少 10 個
在搜尋廣告活動中成效最佳的關鍵字
請務必啟用「目標對象擴展」
以觸及更多目標對象
若你的行銷標的是
提升品牌意識和考慮度
建議同時新增「人生大事」
在使用者適逢人生重要里程碑時觸及他們
還有「興趣相似目標對象」
依據興趣和習慣觸及使用者
請務必區分目標對象
例如「再行銷」與「自訂意願目標對象」
應納入不同的廣告群組或廣告活動中
接下來是提供廣告素材資源
系統會用素材資源
打造豐富精彩的原生廣告
並最佳化 Google 探索上的所有動態消息
接著請輸入最終到達網址
Polish:
kierowania na listę klientów,
niestandardowych odbiorców
o podobnych zamiarach
i odbiorców na rynku.
Do tych odbiorców należą osoby,
które miały już kontakt z Twoją marką
lub wykazały nią zainteresowanie.
W przypadku niestandardowych
odbiorców o podobnych zamiarach,
zalecamy użycie min.
10 najpopularniejszych słów kluczowych
z kampanii w sieci wyszukiwania.
Aby rozszerzyć zasięg poza wybrane grupy,
włącz Poszerzanie zasięgu odbiorców.
Jeśli Twoje cele marketingowe
to świadomość i rozważenie zakupu,
pomyśl o dodaniu Zdarzeń z życia, dzięki
którym dotrzesz do klientów
w istotnych momentach ich życia,
oraz Odbiorców o podobnych
zainteresowaniach,
co uwzględnia zainteresowania i nawyki.
Rozdziel odbiorców, np. remarketingu
i niestandardowych odbiorców
o podobnych zamiarach,
na różne grupy reklam lub kampanie.
Teraz możesz przesłać zasoby kreacji.
Posłużą do tworzenia bogatych
i różnorodnych reklam natywnych.
Są one zoptymalizowane pod kątem
kampanii Discovery w usługach Google.
Teraz podaj końcowy URL.
Spanish:
Audiencia basada en intención
y Audiencias
con intención de compra.
Todas incluyen a usuarios
que han interactuado con tu marca
o han mostrado interés
por tu producto o servicio.
Si es Audiencia personalizada
basada en la intención
crea una audiencia con al menos
10 de las palabras clave
con mejores resultados
en tus campañas de búsqueda.
Para ampliar la cobertura
de las audiencias seleccionadas
activa Ampliación de la audiencia.
Si tus objetivos de marketing
son la notoriedad y la consideración
añade Acontecimientos vitales
para llegar a los usuarios
en momentos clave de su vida
y Audiencias afines
basadas en sus intereses
y hábitos.
Separa las audiencias,
como Remarketing
y Audiencia personalizada
basada en la intención
en diferentes grupos
de anuncios o campañas.
Lo siguiente es añadir
recursos de creatividades.
Con ellos creas anuncios nativos
completos, atractivos
y optimizados para todos
los feeds de discovery de Google.
Luego, indica la URL final.
Spanish:
Use los elementos de mayor calidad
cuando elija las imágenes y los logotipos.
Para comenzar rápidamente
reutilice los elementos exitosos
en otros canales, como las redes sociales.
Para aumentar la participación
siga estas recomendaciones
sobre creatividades.
Use imágenes inspiradoras
y de alta calidad
que destaquen
la propuesta de valor de su marca.
Elija creatividades que muestren
bien su producto en entornos iluminados.
Muestre personas que usan su producto
de maneras auténticas.
Elija escenas realistas.
Proporcione tantos elementos únicos
como sea posible.
Suba imágenes
en formato cuadrado y horizontal.
Si no tiene imágenes para comenzar
use la pestaña Imágenes de archivo
para encontrar inspiración.
Ahora ingrese hasta 5 títulos
y 5 descripciones.
Procure que el texto tenga
un llamado a la acción claro
o que destaque promociones especiales.
Por último, ingrese el nombre de su empresa
y elija el texto del llamado a la acción.
Eso es todo.
Ya lanzó una Campaña discovery.
Spanish:
Cuando elijas imágenes y logos,
escoge los recursos de mayor calidad.
Para ir más rápido, reutiliza
los que hayan dado resultados
en otros canales,
como las redes sociales.
Para que los usuarios
interactúen con tus anuncios
sigue estas prácticas.
Usa imágenes
evocadoras y de alta calidad
que reflejen
la propuesta de valor de tu marca.
Selecciona creatividades
que muestren claramente tu producto
y aparezca bien iluminado.
Si hay personas
utilizando el producto
que lo hagan de forma realista.
Las escenas deben ser realistas.
Sube tantos recursos únicos
como sea posible
y con imágenes que tengan
tanto formato horizontal como vertical.
Si no tienes imágenes propias
puedes inspirarte
en las Fotos de archivo.
Luego, escribe hasta 5 títulos
y 5 descripciones.
El texto será una llamada a la acción
clara y destacará promociones especiales.
Por último, indica
el nombre de tu empresa
y elige el texto
de la llamada a la acción.
¡Eso es todo!
English:
When selecting images and logos, you’ll
want to use your highest-quality assets.
To get started quickly, reuse assets you've already
seen success with in other channels, like social.
To drive engagement with your ads,
follow these creative best practices.
Use inspiring, high-quality images that
highlight your brand’s value proposition,
select creatives that showcase your
product clearly, in well-lit settings,
show people using your product in authentic ways,
select realistic scenes,
provide as many unique assets as possible,
and upload both square and landscape images.
If you don't have images to get started with, you can
use the Stock photos tab for some fresh inspiration.
Now enter up to 5 headlines and 5 descriptions.
Make sure that your text offers a clear
call-to-action, or highlights any special promotions.
And lastly, provide your business name
and select your call to action text.
That’s it!
Japanese:
画像とロゴは
高画質のアセットを使ってください
他のSNSなどで高い成果を上げている
アセットを再利用すれば早く開始できます
エンゲージメントを向上させる
ヒントをご紹介します
ブランドの価値を伝えられる
高画質で印象的な画像を使う
商品が明るくはっきり映っている
クリエイティブを使う
商品が使われている様子を見せる
より現実的なシーンを見せたり
ユニークなアセットを最大限に提供し
正方形と横向きを両方アップロードする
手元に画像がなければ
[ストックフォト]から探すこともできます
次に見出しと説明を5つまで入力します
行動を促すフレーズや特典が
目立つようにしましょう
最後にビジネス名と入力して
行動を促すフレーズを選びます
Chinese:
在选择图片与徽标时
建议使用最高质量的素材资源
不妨再利用其他渠道中（例如社交网络）
成效良好的素材资源，快速踏出第一步
请遵循以下广告素材最佳做法
通过广告吸引用户进行互动
使用能凸显品牌价值主张
鼓舞人心、高质量的图片
选择的素材资源要在光线充足的环境中
清楚展示产品
真实呈现人们使用产品的画面
选择贴近现实生活的情境
提供尽可能多的独特素材资源
同时上传正方形和矩形图片
若还没有可着手的图片
可以在“图库照片”标签页中寻找新的灵感
现在，输入最多5条标题和5条广告内容描述
请确保文字包含明确的号召性用语
或强调特惠信息
最后，提供您的商家名称
并选择号召性用语文字
大功告成！
Korean:
이미지와 로고를 선택할 때
최고 품질의 애셋을 사용할 수 있습니다
빠르게 시작하려면 소셜 등 다른 채널에서
이미 성공을 거둔 애셋을 재사용하세요
광고 참여를 유도하려면
광고 소재 권장사항을 따르세요
브랜드 가치 제안을 효과적으로 전달하고
관심을 끄는 고품질 이미지를 사용하고
밝은 배경에서 제품을 확실하게
보여주는 광고 소재를 선택하고
실제 제품을 사용 중인 사람들을 보여주고
사실적인 장면을 선택하고
독창적인 애셋을 최대한 많이 제공하고
정사각형 이미지와
가로 모드 이미지를 업로드하세요
시작할 이미지가 없으면 스톡 사진 탭에서
아이디어를 얻을 수 있습니다
이제 광고 제목과 설명을
각각 5개까지 입력합니다
텍스트가 명확한 클릭 유도문안이고
특별 프로모션을 강조하는 문구여야 합니다
마지막으로 업체명을 입력하고
클릭 유도문안 텍스트를 선택합니다
이상입니다
Portuguese:
Ao selecionar imagens e logotipos,
use recursos de alta qualidade.
Para facilitar, reutilize os recursos que
tiveram sucesso em outros canais,
como mídias sociais.
Para gerar engajamento com seus anúncios,
siga estas práticas recomendadas:
Use imagens de alta qualidade que
destaquem a proposta da sua marca.
Selecione criativos que mostrem seu
produto em locais claros e iluminados.
Mostre pessoas usando
seu produto de forma natural.
Escolha cenas realistas.
Forneça o maior número
possível de recursos exclusivos.
E envie imagens
quadradas e horizontais.
Se você ainda não tem imagens,
use a guia "Banco de imagens"
para ter inspiração.
Agora insira 5 títulos
e 5 descrições.
Seu texto precisa ter uma call-to-action
clara ou destacar promoções especiais.
Por último, insira o nome do seu negócio
e selecione o texto da call-to-action.
Pronto!
Arabic:
عند اختيار الصور والشعارات،
ننصحك باستخدام مواد عرض عالية الجودة
يمكنك إعادة استخدام مواد عرض نجحت على
قنوات أخرى، مثل وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي
لزيادة تفاعل الجمهور مع إعلاناتك، اتبِّع
أفضل الممارسات لتصاميم الإعلانات
استخدِم صورًا ملهِمة وعالية الجودة
تسلط الضوء على عرض القيمة لعلامتك التجارية
اختَر تصاميم إعلانات
تُبرز منتجك بوضوح في إطار مضاء جيدًا
اعرِض تجارب الأشخاص
الواقعية لمنتجك
واختَر مناظر واقعية
وقدِّم أكبر قدر من مواد العرض الفريدة
وحمِّل صورًا مربّعة وصورًا في الوضع الأفقي
وإن لم يكن لديك صور، يمكنك استخدام علامة
التبويب "صور المخزون" لتستوحي أفكارًا
أدخِل ألان 5 عناوين و5 أوصاف كحد أقصى
تأكد أنّ نصك يضم عبارة واضحة تحث المستخدم
على الشراء أو يُبرز أي عروض ترويجية خاصة
وأدخِل أخيرًا اسم نشاطك التجاري واختَر
نص عبارة الحث على الشراء
Thai:
เมื่อเลือกรูปภาพและโลโก้ คุณจะต้องใช้
เนื้อหาที่มีคุณภาพสูงสุด
ถ้าอยากเริ่มใช้งานอย่างรวดเร็ว
ใช้เนื้อหาที่ได้ผลดีในช่องทางอื่นๆ ซ้ำ
เช่น โซเชียลมีเดีย
ถ้าอยากเพิ่มการมีส่วนร่วมในโฆษณา
ให้ทำตามแนวทางปฏิบัติที่ดีที่สุด
ของครีเอทีฟโฆษณา
โดยใช้รูปคุณภาพสูงที่สร้างแรงบันดาลใจ
และเน้นคุณค่าที่แบรนด์นำเสนอ
เลือกครีเอทีฟโฆษณาที่แสดงผลิตภัณฑ์
อย่างชัดเจนและอยู่ในฉากที่สว่างเพียงพอ
แสดงภาพคนกำลังใช้ผลิตภัณฑ์อย่างถูกวิธี
เลือกซีนที่สมจริง
ส่งเนื้อหาที่หลากหลายให้มากที่สุด
และอัปโหลดทั้งภาพ
สี่เหลี่ยมจัตุรัสและภาพแนวนอน
ถ้าไม่มีรูปภาพ คุณใช้แท็บคลังภาพ
เพื่อหาแรงบันดาลใจใหม่ๆ ได้
ป้อนบรรทัดแรกและคำอธิบายอย่างละ
5 รายการ
ตรวจสอบว่าข้อความมีคำกระตุ้นการตัดสินใจ
ที่ชัดเจนหรือไฮไลต์โปรโมชันพิเศษ
สุดท้าย ให้ใส่ชื่อธุรกิจของคุณ
แล้วเลือกข้อความกระตุ้นการตัดสินใจ
แค่นี้ก็เรียบร้อย
English:
When selecting images and logos
you'll want to use
your highest-quality assets.
To get started quickly,
reuse assets you've already seen success with
in other channels, like social.
To drive engagement with your ads,
follow these creative best practices.
Use inspiring, high-quality images that
highlight your brand's value proposition.
Select creatives that showcase
your product clearly, in well-lit settings.
Show people using your product
in authentic ways.
Select realistic scenes.
Provide as many unique assets as possible.
And upload both square and landscape images.
If you don't have images to get started with
you can use the stock photos tab
for some fresh inspiration.
Now, enter up to
five headlines and five descriptions.
Make sure that your text
offers a clear call to action
or highlights any special promotions.
And lastly, provide your business name
and select your call-to-action text.
That's it!
You've officially launched
your Discovery campaign.
Indonesian:
Saat memilih gambar atau logo,
gunakan aset berkualitas tertinggi.
Untuk mulai dengan cepat,
gunakan kembali aset yang telah terbukti
berhasil di saluran lain, seperti sosial.
Untuk mendorong interaksi dengan iklan,
ikuti praktik terbaik materi iklan ini.
Gunakan gambar berkualitas dan inspiratif
yang menonjolkan
proposisi nilai merek Anda.
Pilih materi iklan dengan tampilan
produk yang jelas,
dalam latar yang cukup terang.
Perlihatkan orang yang menggunakan
produk Anda dengan cara autentik,
pilih suasana yang realistis,
berikan aset unik sebanyak mungkin,
serta upload gambar persegi dan lanskap.
Jika belum memiliki gambar untuk memulai,
Anda dapat menggunakan tab Gambar Stok
untuk mendapatkan inspirasi baru.
Sekarang masukkan hingga 5 judul
dan 5 deskripsi.
Pastikan teks memberikan
pesan ajakan yang jelas,
atau menonjolkan promosi khusus.
Terakhir, berikan nama bisnis Anda
dan pilih teks pesan ajakan.
Selesai.
Turkish:
Resim ve logo seçerken
en yüksek kaliteli öğelerinizi kullanın.
Hemen başlamak için sosyal ağlar
gibi kanallarınızda başarılı olan
öğeleri yeniden kullanın.
Reklamlarınızla etkileşimi artırmak
için öğelerinizde
şu en iyi uygulamalardan yararlanın:
Markanızın değer teklifini öne çıkaran
ilham verici ve kaliteli resimler seçin.
Ürününüzü, aydınlık bir ortamda net
bir şekilde gösteren öğeleri kullanın.
Ürününüzü gerçek hayatta
kullanan insanları gösterin.
Gerçekçi sahneleri tercih edin.
Mümkün olduğunca çok sayıda
benzersiz öğe kullanın.
Hem kare hem de yatay resimler yükleyin.
Elinizde hazır resimler yoksa
yeni fikirler bulmak için
Stok resimler
sekmesinden yararlanabilirsiniz.
Şimdi, en fazla 5 başlık
ve 5 açıklama girin.
Metinde, net bir
harekete geçirici mesaj kullanın
veya özel promosyonları vurgulayın.
Son olarak işletmenizin adını girin
ve harekete geçirici mesajınızı seçin.
Hepsi bu kadar!
German:
Achten Sie bei der Auswahl von
Bildern und Logos auf höchste Qualität.
Nutzen Sie bereits erfolgreiche Assets,
zum Beispiel aus den sozialen Medien.
Folgende Best Practices erhöhen
die Interaktion mit Ihren Anzeigen:
Nutzen Sie ansprechende Bilder,
die die Vorzüge Ihrer Marke hervorheben.
Wählen Sie Creatives,
die Ihr Produkt gut sichtbar präsentieren.
Zeigen Sie Personen mit dem Produkt
in authentischen Situationen.
Wählen Sie realistische Szenen,
stellen Sie viele
verschiedene Assets bereit,
und bieten Sie quadratische Bilder
und Bilder im Querformat.
Wenn Sie noch keine Bilder haben,
können Sie die Bildersammlung nutzen.
Geben Sie bis zu 5 Überschriften
und 5 Beschreibungen ein.
Ihr Text muss einen
klaren Call-to-Action bieten
oder auf ein Sonderangebot verweisen.
Geben Sie Ihren Unternehmensnamen ein
und wählen Sie Ihren Call-to-Action.
Und das war's!
French:
Choisissez des images et logos
de la plus haute qualité.
Réutilisez des éléments efficaces
sur des canaux comme les réseaux sociaux.
Pour cibler l'engagement,
suivez ces bonnes pratiques.
Utilisez des images de haute qualité
qui mettent en avant votre marque,
présentez votre produit
de façon claire et lumineuse,
mettez en scène son utilisation
de façon authentique,
choisissez des exemples réalistes,
fournissez autant d'éléments uniques
que possible
et importez des images
aux formats portrait et paysage.
Si vous n'avez pas d'images,
consultez l'onglet "Banque de photos".
Saisissez cinq titres et cinq descriptions.
Assurez-vous que votre texte incite
à l'action ou indique vos offres spéciales.
Entrez le nom de votre entreprise
et sélectionnez le texte d'incitation.
Et voilà !
Chinese:
在選擇圖片與標誌時
建議使用畫質最高的素材資源
不妨善用其他管道中 (例如社交網路)
成效良好的素材資源，快速踏出第一步
請遵循以下廣告素材最佳做法
吸引使用者與廣告互動
使用能凸顯品牌價值主張
且引人入勝的高畫質相片
素材資源中的產品
應清楚展示在光線充足的環境中
真實呈現人們使用產品的畫面
使用貼近現實生活的情境
請盡可能提供更多獨特的素材資源
並同時上傳正方形和橫向素材資源
如果沒有可用的圖片
可以在「圖庫相片」分頁中尋找靈感
接著輸入最多 5 則廣告標題和說明
請確保文字包含
明確的行動號召或醒目的特惠資訊
最後，提供你的商家名稱
並選擇行動號召文字
就這樣！
你的探索廣告活動已正式推出
Vietnamese:
Khi chọn hình ảnh và biểu trưng, bạn nên
sử dụng tài sản có chất lượng cao nhất.
Để bắt đầu chiến dịch nhanh chóng, hãy sử dụng lại các tài sản
đã đem đến thành công ở những kênh khác, như trang xã hội.
Để thúc đẩy khách hàng tương tác với quảng cáo,
hãy làm theo những phương pháp hay nhất sau đây.
Dùng những hình ảnh truyền cảm, có chất lượng cao
làm nổi bật tuyên bố giá trị của thương hiệu.
Chọn tệp sáng tạo thể hiện sản phẩm
rõ ràng trong điều kiện ánh sáng tốt,
cho thấy mọi người sử dụng sản phẩm theo cách chân thực.
Chọn những cảnh thực tế.
Cung cấp nhiều tài sản độc đáo nhất có thể,
và tải lên cả hai định dạng hình ảnh: vuông và ngang.
Nếu chưa có hình ảnh để bắt đầu, thì bạn có thể dùng
thẻ "Ảnh trên kho ảnh" để tìm nguồn cảm hứng.
Tiếp theo, nhập tối đa 5 dòng tiêu đề
và 5 đoạn mô tả.
Đảm bảo rằng văn bản của bạn đưa ra lời kêu gọi
hành động rõ ràng, hoặc nêu rõ chương trình khuyến mãi đặc biệt.
Cuối cùng, cung cấp tên doanh nghiệp
và chọn văn bản kêu gọi hành động.
Vậy là bạn đã thiết lập xong rồi!
Russian:
Помните, что изображения и логотипы
должны быть высокого качества.
Можно выбрать изображения, которые вы уже
использовали, например в соцсетях.
Вот несколько советов о том,
как обеспечить вовлеченность зрителей.
Загружайте качественные изображения,
которые подчеркивают ценность бренда.
Товары в объявлениях
должны быть хорошо видны.
Кадры, на которых кто-то
использует ваш продукт,
должны быть сняты
в естественной обстановке.
Загружайте как можно больше
рекламных объектов и используйте
квадратные и горизонтальные изображения.
Если у вас нет подходящих кадров,
готовые можно найти на
вкладке "Снимки из фотобанков".
Теперь добавьте до пяти
заголовков и описаний.
В тексте всегда должен быть призыв
к действию или сведения об акциях.
И наконец, введите
название вашей компании.
Polish:
Podczas wybierania grafik i logo,
użyj zasobów o najwyższej jakości.
Na początek użyj zasobów,
które zyskały dobre wyniki
np. w mediach społecznościowych.
By zwiększyć zaangażowanie
w Twoje reklamy, użyj sprawdzonych metod
dotyczących kreacji.
Korzystaj z wysokiej jakości grafik
podkreślających propozycję wartości marki.
Wybieraj kreacje,
które prezentują produkty
przejrzyście i przy dobrym oświetleniu.
Pokazuj osoby korzystające z produktów
w wiarygodny sposób.
Wybieraj realistyczne scenerie.
Przesyłaj
jak najwięcej unikalnych zasobów.
Przesyłaj obrazy kwadratowe
oraz w orientacji poziomej.
Jeśli nie masz żadnych obrazów, użyj zdjęć
licencjonowanych i zainspiruj się nimi.
Teraz dodaj po 5 nagłówków
i tekstów reklamy.
Sprawdź, czy zawierają one jasne wezwania
do działania lub informacje o promocjach.
Na koniec podaj nazwę firmy
i wybierz tekst wezwania do działania.
To wszystko!
Italian:
Quando selezioni immagini e loghi,
utilizza questi asset di alta qualità.
Per iniziare velocemente, riusa gli asset
che hanno avuto successo altrove, sui social.
Per favorire il coinvolgimento con gli
annunci segui queste best practice.
Usa immagini accattivanti, di qualità, che
evidenziano la proposta di valore del brand
seleziona creatività che mostrano il prodotto
chiaramente, con una buona illuminazione
mostra l'utilizzo realistico del tuo prodotto
in scenari autentici
fornisci il maggior numero di asset unici
e carica immagini quadrate e orizzontali.
Se non hai immagini, puoi usare quelle
di repertorio come ispirazione.
Inserisci fino a 5 titoli e 5 descrizioni.
Assicurati che il testo abbia un invito
all'azione chiaro o promozioni speciali.
Infine indica il nome dell'attività e il
testo dell'invito all'azione.
Questo è tutto!
Thai:
ยินดีด้วยครับ คุณได้เปิดตัว
แคมเปญ Discovery อย่างเป็นทางการแล้ว
อย่าลืมให้เวลาแคมเปญได้เรียนรู้
และเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพ
ขอแนะนำให้รอ 2-3 สัปดาห์
ก่อนที่จะทำการเปลี่ยนแปลงนะครับ
เมื่อให้เวลาแคมเปญได้เรียนรู้เพียงพอแล้ว
ให้คลิก "ดูรายละเอียดเนื้อหา" เพื่อดู
ประสิทธิภาพของภาพ คำอธิบาย และบรรทัดแรก
ถ้าอยากเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพแคมเปญ ให้เปลี่ยน
เนื้อหาที่มีประสิทธิภาพต่ำด้วยเนื้อหาใหม่
ถ้าต้องการดูวิดีโอการใช้งานและ
เพิ่มประสิทธิภาพ Google Ads แบบทีละขั้น
ดูบทแนะนำของ Google Ads
ในช่อง Google Ads บน YouTube
ถ้ามีคำถามหรือต้องการข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม
โปรดไปที่บทความช่วยเหลือของ Google Ads
Italian:
Hai lanciato la tua campagna discovery.
Congratulazioni!
Dai tempo alla campagna di ottimizzarsi
attraverso l'apprendimento.
Consigliamo di aspettare due o tre settimane
prima di eventuali modifiche.
Quando la campagna avrà avuto
tempo di apprendere, fai clic su
"Visualizza dettagli asset" per vedere il
rendimento di immagini, descrizioni e titoli.
Per ottimizzare la campagna, sostituisci gli
asset non redditizi con nuove creatività.
Per altre guide su come implementare
e ottimizzare Google Ads
guarda i tutorial video sul canale
YouTube Google Ads.
Per domande o informazioni, visita il
Centro assistenza Google Ads.
French:
Votre campagne Discovery est lancée.
Félicitations !
Laissez-lui le temps
d'apprendre et de s'optimiser.
Attendez deux à trois semaines
avant de la modifier.
Une fois le temps nécessaire écoulé,
affichez les détails de performance
de chaque élément.
Pour optimiser votre campagne,
remplacez les éléments peu performants.
Pour d'autres instructions détaillées
sur la mise en place de Google Ads,
consultez les tutoriels
sur la chaîne YouTube Google Ads.
Pour plus d'informations,
consultez l'aide Google Ads.
Portuguese:
Você lançou sua
campanha Discovery. Parabéns!
Agora a campanha precisa de tempo
para aprender e otimizar.
Espere 2 ou 3 semanas
antes de fazer mudanças.
Após esse período, clique em
"Ver detalhes do recurso" para verificar
o desempenho de cada
imagem, descrição e título.
Para otimizar a campanha, troque os recursos
com desempenho ruim por criativos novos.
Para mais guias passo a passo sobre
otimização e implementação do Google Ads,
confira os tutorais deste canal.
Se você tiver dúvidas
ou quiser mais informações,
acesse a Central de Ajuda do Google Ads.
Korean:
디스커버리 캠페인을
성공적으로 시작하셨습니다
캠페인이 스스로 학습하면서
최적화할 수 있는 시간을 주어야 합니다
2~3주 동안에는
아무것도 변경하지 않는 것이 좋습니다
또한, 캠페인에
충분한 학습 시간을 준 후
'애셋 세부정보 보기'를 클릭하여 이미지
설명, 광고 제목의 실적을 확인합니다
캠페인을 최적화하려면 실적이 저조한
애셋을 새로운 광고 소재로 바꿔 게재하세요
Google Ads 구현 및 최적화의
단계별 동영상은
Google Ads YouTube 채널의
Google Ads 가이드를 확인하세요
질문이 있거나 자세한 내용을 알아보려면
Google Ads 도움말을 확인하세요
[음악 계속]
Vietnamese:
Bạn đã chính thức chạy Chiến dịch khám phá.
Chúc mừng bạn!
Hãy cho chiến dịch của bạn thời gian
để học hỏi và tối ưu hóa.
Bạn nên chờ từ 2 đến 3 tuần
trước khi thực hiện bất kỳ thay đổi nào.
Ngoài ra, sau khi chiến dịch
có đủ thời gian học hỏi,
hãy nhớ nhấp vào "Xem chi tiết nội dung" để xem hiệu suất
của từng hình ảnh, đoạn mô tả và dòng tiêu đề.
Để tối ưu hóa chiến dịch, hãy đổi các tài sản
có hiệu suất thấp bằng các tài sản mới.
Để xem thêm các video hướng dẫn từng bước
về việc triển khai và tối ưu hóa Google Ads,
hãy xem các video hướng dẫn về Google Ads
trên kênh YouTube của Google Ads.
Nếu bạn có gì thắc mắc hoặc muốn tìm hiểu thêm thông tin,
hãy truy cập Trung tâm trợ giúp của Google Ads.
[nhạc]
Chinese:
恭喜！
請務必為廣告活動
預留學習和最佳化的時間
建議你在開頭兩到三週
不要做任何調整
此外，在廣告活動學習一段時間後
別忘了按一下 [查看素材資源詳細資料]
瞭解各個圖片、說明與標題的成效
汰換成效不彰的廣告素材資源
讓廣告活動發揮最佳成效
如需有關 Google Ads
實作與最佳化的逐步說明影片
請參考 Google Ads YouTube 頻道的
Google Ads 教學課程
如有任何疑問或需要更多資訊
歡迎造訪 Google Ads 說明
[音樂繼續播放]
Indonesian:
Anda telah resmi meluncurkan
kampanye Discovery. Selamat!
Pastikan Anda memberi waktu agar
kampanye dapat belajar dan optimal.
Sebaiknya berikan dua atau tiga minggu
sebelum membuat perubahan apa pun.
Setelah kampanye memiliki waktu
yang cukup untuk belajar,
klik 'Lihat detail aset' untuk melihat
performa masing-masing gambar,
deskripsi, dan judul.
Untuk mengoptimalkan kampanye,
ganti aset berperforma buruk
dengan materi iklan yang baru.
Untuk video langkah demi langkah lainnya
tentang implementasi
dan optimalisasi Google Ads,
lihat Tutorial Google Ads di
Channel YouTube Google Ads.
Jika ada pertanyaan atau
ingin informasi lebih lanjut,
buka Bantuan Google Ads.
Arabic:
وهكذا أطلقت رسميًا
حملة "أثناء التصفّح"، تهانينا
احرِص على منح حملتك
بعض الوقت لجمع إحصاءات أداء وتحسينه
ننصحك بالانتظار أسبوعين
أو ثلاثة قبل إجراء أي تغييرات على الحملة
وبعد إفساح هذا الوقت الكافي لحملتك
انقر على "إظهار تفاصيل مواد العرض"
لمعرفة أداء كل صورة ووصف وعنوان
ولتحسين أداء حملتك، استبدِل أي مادة
عرض منخفضة الأداء بمادة عرض جديدة
لمشاهدة فيديوهات إرشادية أخرى
حول استخدام "إعلانات Google" وتحسينها
طالِع البرامج التعليمية
في قناة
Google Ads على YouTube
لطرح أي سؤال
أو للحصول على المزيد من المعلومات
زُر
مركز مساعدة "إعلانات Google"
Spanish:
¡Felicitaciones!
Dé tiempo a la campaña
para que aprenda y se optimice.
Recomendamos esperar de 2 a 3 semanas
antes de realizar cambios.
Además, cuando la campaña
haya tenido tiempo de aprender
haga clic en “Ver detalles del elemento”
para consultar el rendimiento de los títulos,
las imágenes y las descripciones.
Para optimizar la campaña
reemplace un elemento de rendimiento bajo
con creatividades nuevas.
Para encontrar más guías paso a paso
sobre implementación y optimización
consulte los Instructivos de Google Ads
en nuestro canal de YouTube.
Si tiene preguntas
o necesita más información
visite el Centro de ayuda
de Google Ads.
Turkish:
Discovery kampanyanızı başlattınız.
Tebrikler!
Kampanyanıza öğrenmesi
ve optimize olması için süre tanıyın.
Değişiklik yapmadan önce iki ila üç
hafta beklemeniz önerilir.
Kampanyanızın öğrenmesi için
yeterince süre geçtikten sonra,
"Öğe ayrıntılarını görüntüleyin"
seçeneğine tıklayarak
resim, açıklama ve başlık öğelerinizin
performansını inceleyin.
Kampanyanızı optimize etmek için
yetersiz performans gösteren öğeleri
yenileriyle değiştirin.
Google Ads kullanımı ve optimizasyonu
hakkında daha fazla adım adım açıklamalı
video için Google Ads YouTube Kanalı'ndaki
Google Ads Eğiticileri'ne göz atın.
Sorularınız ve daha fazla bilgi için
Google Ads Yardım Merkezi'ni ziyaret edin.
Polish:
Udało Ci się uruchomić
kampanię Discovery. Gratulacje!
Daj kampanii czas na naukę
i optymalizację.
Zalecamy odczekać 2 lub 3 tygodnie
przed wprowadzeniem zmian.
Gdy okres nauki się zakończy, kliknij
„Wyświetl szczegóły zasobu”, by sprawdzić
wyniki każdego zdjęcia, testu i nagłówka.
Aby zoptymalizować kampanię, wymień zasoby
z najsłabszymi wynikami na nowe.
Więcej filmów z instrukcjami krok po kroku
o wdrażaniu i optymalizacji Google Ads
znajdziesz w samouczkach
na kanale Google Ads w YouTube.
Jeśli masz pytania lub chcesz wiedzieć
więcej, odwiedź Centrum pomocy Google Ads.
English:
You’ve officially launched your
Discovery campaign. Congratulations!
Be sure to give your campaign
time to learn and optimize.
It’s recommended to allow two to three
weeks before making any changes.
Also, once your campaign has
had enough time to learn,
be sure to click on 'View asset details' to see how
each image, description, and headline is performing.
To optimize your campaign, swap out any
low performing assets with fresh creative.
For more step-by-step videos on Google
Ads implementation and optimization,
check out Google Ads Tutorials on
the Google Ads YouTube Channel.
If you have any questions, or for more
information please visit Google Ads Help.
[music continues]
Russian:
Готово! Вы запустили кампанию Discovery.
Помните,
чтобы кампания работала эффективно,
системе нужно время на обучение.
Лучше ничего не менять
в первые две-три недели.
Потом вы можете просматривать статистику
по каждому из объектов.
Для этого нажмите "Сведения об объекте".
Если какой-либо из элементов неэффективен,
его можно просто заменить на другой.
Больше подробных инструкций по работе
с сервисом вы можете найти
в других роликах на канале Google Рекламы.
Дополнительная информация
есть в Справочном центре.
[играет музыка]
Japanese:
これでファインド広告が開始されました
キャンペーンの学習と最適化には
時間が必要です
変更を行うまで2～3週間待ちましょう
十分な学習期間が過ぎたら
[アセットの詳細を表示]から
画像、説明、見出しの
パフォーマンスを確認してください
成果の低いクリエイティブは
新しいものに変更しましょう
Google広告の実装と最適化の
手順については
Google広告チャンネルの
チュートリアルをご覧ください
ご不明な点がある場合は
Google広告のヘルプをご確認ください
Spanish:
Acabas de crear tu primera
campaña discovery. ¡Enhorabuena!
Da margen para que la campaña
aprenda y se optimice.
Conviene dejar pasar 2 o 3 semanas
antes de aplicar cambios.
Cuando haya pasado
ese tiempo de aprendizaje
haz clic en Ver detalles del recurso
para ver los resultados
de las imágenes, descripciones y títulos.
Para optimizar la campaña, cambia
los recursos con peores resultados
por creatividades nuevas.
Para ver más tutoriales sobre cómo
implementar y optimizar Google Ads
no te pierdas
el canal de YouTube de Google Ads.
Si tienes dudas
o necesitas más información
visita el Centro de Ayuda de Google Ads.
English:
Congratulations!
Be sure to give your campaign
time to learn and optimise.
It's recommended to allow
two to three weeks before making any changes.
Also, once your campaign
has had enough time to learn
be sure to click on 'View asset details'
to see how each image,
description and headline is performing.
To optimise your campaign
swap out any low-performing assets
with fresh creative.
For more step-by-step videos on
Google Ads implementation and optimisation
check out Google Ads Tutorials on
the Google Ads YouTube channel.
If you have any questions,
or for more information
please visit Google Ads Help.
German:
Herzlichen Glückwunsch
zum Start Ihrer Discovery-Kampagne!
Geben Sie Ihrer Kampagne
genügend Zeit zum Optimieren.
Warten Sie zwei bis drei Wochen,
bevor Sie Änderungen vornehmen.
Sobald Ihre Kampagne
genügend Daten erfasst hat,
prüfen Sie unter Asset-Details anzeigen,
wie erfolgreich einzelne Bilder,
Beschreibungen und Überschriften sind.
Um die Kampagne zu optimieren,
ersetzen Sie schwache Assets
durch frische Creatives.
Mehr Videos zum Implementieren
und Optimieren von Google Ads
finden Sie in den Google Ads-Tutorials
auf unserem YouTube-Kanal.
Weitere Informationen zu diesem Thema
finden Sie in der Google Ads-Hilfe.
Chinese:
您已正式推出发现广告系列
恭喜！
请务必留足时间，让广告系列学习并优化
建议您在开头两到三周不要做任何调整
此外，广告系列有足够的学习时间后
请务必点击“查看素材资源详情”
来了解各个图片、广告内容描述与标题的成效
使用新广告素材汰换成效不佳的素材资源
来优化广告系列
如需有关Google Ads
实现与优化的逐步说明视频
请观看YouTube上“Google Ads”频道中的
Google Ads教程视频
如有任何疑问或需要更多信息
欢迎访问Google Ads帮助中心
[音乐继续]
|
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}
|
English:
"The Emoji Movie"...
"A work so completely devoid of wit, style, intelligence or basic entertainment value
that it makes that movie based on the Angry Birds app seem like a pure artistic statement by comparison."
- Roger Ebert.com
"'The Emoji Movie' is so bad, it makes us want to yell at strangers on the street..."
"I don't think I can say anything funny about this, because it makes me want to die."
- The Verge
"Make no mistake,
'The Emoji Movie' is very, very, very bad."
- IndieWire
[Mat] So bad, It should be illegal.
Oh wait, it actually IS illegal.
That quote's from me, and I'm going to prove to you why today!
[FILM THEORY INTRO PLAYS]
Hello Internet! Welcome to Film Theory!
Italian:
"Emoji: accendi le emozioni,
un'opera così completamente priva di umorismo, stile, lol o di valori basici di intrattenimento
da far sembrare il film basato su l'app di Angry Birds una pura dichiarazione artistica, in confronto"
- Roger Ebert.com
"Il film Emoji è così brutto da farci venire voglia di urlare agli sconosciuti sulla strada...
Non penso di poter dire niente di divertente a proposito di questo, perché mi fa venire voglia di morire".
- The Verge
"Non fare errori,
il film Emoji è davvero, davvero molto brutto"
-Indie Wire
Così brutto, tanto da dover essere considerato illegale
Oh, aspetta, E' EFFETTIVAMENTE illegale.
Questa citazione è mia e vi proverò il perché oggi!
Ciao internet! Benvenuti su Film Theory!
Spanish:
La película Emoji ...
Un trabajo completamente desprovisto de ingenio, estilo, inteligencia o valor de entretenimiento básico
que hace que la película basada en la aplicación Angry Birds parezca una declaración artística pura en comparación.
- Roger Ebert.com
La película Emoji es tan mala que nos da ganas de gritarle a extraños en la calle ...
No creo poder decir nada gracioso sobre esto, porque me da ganas de morir.
- El borde
No cometer errores,
La película Emoji es muy, muy, muy mala.
- IndieWire
Tan malo, debería ser ilegal.
Oh, espera, en realidad ES ilegal.
Esa cita es mía, y voy a probarles por qué hoy!
[TEORÍA DE LA PELÍCULA INTRO PLAYS]
¡Hola, internet! Bienvenido a Film Theory!
Spanish:
Un espectáculo mejor representado por el emoji payaso triste.
¿Lo ves? Está triste porque perdió la custodia de sus hijos.
Así es como este programa te hace sentir.
Como un payaso solitario y solitario que llora.
[Aww, payaso pobre 🤡]
[CLOWN HORN]
Hablando de cosas que te deprimirán,
La película Emoji!
okdyrnm
La película peor revisada de 2017,
Y la 30ª película más exitosa de 2017 en taquilla este año.
Recibiendo más de 85 millones de dólares hasta ahora ...
Que el emoji 'Make It Rain'.
Solo voy a mostrar que si hablas de algo suficiente, se hace más fuerte.
¿Hay algún emoji de Trump que pueda mostrar aquí? Parece pertinente ...
De todas formas,
No se puede negar que esta historia de un emoji que simplemente no puede encajar, además de una mala película.
Lame, flojo, formulaic ...
Eso es * CLEAR *
Pero la pregunta que les planteo hoy es si la película emoji debería haber sido considerada ilegal.
Y no hago clic para molestarte ni nada,
Estoy legítimamente haciendo la pregunta,
De si la película Emoji rompe los requisitos legales,
Italian:
Uno show che potrebbe essere meglio rappresentato dall'emoji del clown triste.
Vedete? E' triste perché ha perso la custodia dei figli!
E' questo il modo il cui lo show vi fa sentire.
Come un solo, solo clown piangente.
Parlando di cose che vi deprimeranno,
Emoji: accendi le emozioni
Il film con le peggiori recensioni del 2017
E il trentesimo film che ha avuto più successo al botteghino nel 2017
Accumulando sino ad adesso più di 85 milioni di dollari...
Prendete spunto dall'emoji che fa piovere soldi,
giusto per mostrarti che, se parli di qualcosa per un tempo abbastanza lungo, crescerà più forte.
C'è un'emoji di Trump che potrei mostrare qui? Sembra pertinente...
In ogni caso,
Non c'è dubbio che questa storia di un'emoji che non riescono ad inserirsi fosse un brutto film:
noioso, pigro, formulare...
Questo è CHIARO
Ma la domanda che vi sto ponendo oggi è se questo film dovrebbe essere stato dichiarato illegale.
E non è un clickbait o qualcosa del genere,
Sto ponendo questa domanda con cognizione di causa,
sul se il film infrange i requisiti di legalità o meno.
English:
A show best represented by the sad clown emoji.
You see? He's sad because he lost custody of his kids.
That's the way this show makes you feel.
Like a lonely, lonely crying clown.
[Aww, poor clown 🤡]
[CLOWN HORN]
Speaking of things that'll make you depressed,
"The Emoji Movie"!
The worst reviewed movie of 2017,
And the 30th most successful movie of 2017 at the box office this year.
Raking in over 85 million dollars so far...
Cue the 'Make It Rain' emoji.
Just goes to show you that if you talk about something enough it just grows stronger.
Is there a Trump emoji that I could show here? Seems pertinent...
Anyway,
There's no denying that this tale of an emoji who just can't quite fit in, was a bad movie:
Lame, lazy, formulaic...
That much is *CLEAR*
But the question I'm posing to you today is whether "The Emoji Movie" should've been deemed illegal.
And I'm not click baiting you or anything,
I am legitimately asking the question,
Of whether "The Emoji Movie" breaks legal requirements
Spanish:
Puesta en marcha por el gobierno,
Para proteger a los espectadores del malvado flagelo que está floreciendo salvajemente en los buenos Estados Unidos,
Contenido patrocinado,
O para usar el término oficial,
Publicidad incorporada.
Ahora, obviamente, durante mis seis años de estar en YouTube,
He hecho mi parte justa de videos patrocinados.
Ya sea una lista final promocionando un producto como Dollar Shave Club,
O un episodio completo dedicado a una teoría que he creado para una película, programa de TV o juego específico.
Como el reciente episodio de DuckTales aquí en Film Theory.
Y aquí está la cosa,
Los patrocinios son esenciales para ayudar a complementar los ingresos de los canales.
Y para mí,
Asegura que puedo ayudar a pagar al equipo de investigadores y editores,
¿Quién me ayuda a producir la teoría de juegos y la teoría cinematográfica todas las semanas,
Dado que en este momento, eso es lo que Youtube exige para que los canales sigan siendo relevantes,
Dado que en este momento, eso es lo que Youtube exige para que los canales sigan siendo relevantes,
He tenido que familiarizarme íntimamente con la forma correcta de divulgar diferentes estilos de asociaciones de marca,
Porque hay pautas muy estrictas
Por cómo hacer que la audiencia sepa que esos son anuncios.
Ya ves, en los Estados Unidos
Tenemos la Comisión Federal de Comercio, o FTC, y la Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones, o FCC.
Italian:
Requisiti imposti dal governo
per proteggere gli spettatori dal malvaglio flagello che sta appestando selvaggiamente i vecchi, cari Stati Uniti:
i contenuti sponsorizzati.
O, per usare il termine ufficiale,
pubblicità incorporata.
Ora, ovviamente, durante i sei anni che sono stato su Youtube,
ho fatto il mio dovere nel condividere video sponsorizzati.
Che fosse alla fine del video per promuovere un prodotto come il Dollar Shave Club,
o un intero episodio dedicato ad una teoria che avevo creato per un film specifico, una serie tv o un gioco,
come il recente episodio su Paperino che ho qui, su Film Theory.
E il fatto è questo,
le sposorizzazioni sono essenziali per aiutare ad arrotondare le entrate dei canali
e a me
assicura di essere in grado di pagare il mio team di ricercatori ed editori
che mi aiutano a produrre Game Theory e Film Theory ogni settimana,
Dato che, a questo punto, è questo quello che Youtube richiede ai canali per rimanere degni di nota
Ma a parte questo, mentre questi segmenti promozionali vengono fatti,
sono dovuto diventare intimamente famigliare con la modalità più corretta di esporre gli stili differenti dei marchi in partnership
perché ci sono regole molto rigide
su come rendere cosciente il pubblico del fatto che si tratta di pubblicità
vedete, negli USA,
Abbiamo la Federal Trade Commission (FTC) e la Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
English:
put in place by the government
to protect viewers from the evil scourge that's savagely deflowering the good ol' USA:
Sponsored content,
Or, to use the official term,
Embedded advertising.
Now obviously over my six years of being on YouTube,
I have done my fair share of sponsored videos.
Be it an end slate promoting a product like Dollar Shave Club,
Or a full-on episode dedicated to a theory I've crafted for a specific movie, TV show, or game;
Like the recent DuckTales episode over here on Film Theory.
And here's the thing,
Sponsorships are essential for helping to supplement the income of channels.
And for me,
It insures that I'm able to help pay the team of researchers and editors,
Who help me produce Game Theory and Film Theory every week,
Since at this point, that's what Youtube demands for channels to stay relevant,
But regardless in the process of doing those promotional segments,
I've had to become intimately familiar with the proper way of disclosing different styles of branded partnerships,
because there are very strict guidelines
hor how you make an audience aware that those are ads.
You see, in the US
We have the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC
English:
Who come up with the rules that anyone who produces a piece of content has to follow
In order to ensure that the audience is able to tell that the brand paid to be there.
And it doesn't even have to be payment,
Even if they provided free goods, or some other consideration like cross-promotion,
Ya' still gotta make audience members aware of that sort of thing.
The underlying rationale here is that, if I sip a Diet Coke and say,
"Mmmmm, man that is a crisp clean taste!'
But Diet Coke paid for that placement
I might just be saying it because they told me to
But if I say it and promote it across six years worth of videos,
And they didn't pay for any of that,
Well,
You can just assume that I'm an addict,
Because I am.
Me disclosing that they partnered with me before the ad run
Allows you as the audience to be a bit more critical of the promotion,
And there are government protections in place to ensure that you as the viewer aren't being tricked or misled.
But then I went to see "The Emoji Movie," and, let me be clear, it was for research purposes only!
And I promptly watched puppies playing with kittens to serve as eye bleach afterwards
And watching the movie,
Italian:
Che hanno imposto la regola che chiunque produca un qualche contenuto deve seguire
per assicurarsi che il pubblico sia in grado di capire che il marchio ha pagato per essere inserito
Non deve nemmeno esserci un pagamento,
anche se vi hanno fornito materiale gratuito, o qualche altro servizio, come uno scambio di promozioni
devi comunque rendere palese al pubblico che si tratta di questo genere di cose.
La ragione subliminale qui è che, se bevo una Diet Coke e dico:
"Mhhhm, amico, questo sì che è un sapore fresco e pulito!"
ma la Diet Coke ha pagato per questa pubblicità,
potrei averlo detto solo perché mi hanno pagato per farlo
ma se lo dico e la promuovo in sei anni di video
e loro non hanno pagato per niente di tutto questo
Beh,
potresti semplicimente dedurne che ho una dipendenza,
Perché ce l'ho.
io che rivelo che siamo stati partner in affari prima che vada in onda la pubblicità
ti permette di essere un po' più critico rispetto al prodotto pubblicizzato
E ci sono delle misure governative ad assicurarsi che tu, in quanto spettatore, non sia ingannato o tratto in errore
Ma poi sono andato a vedere il film Emoji: accendi le emozioni. E, lasciatemi essere chiaro, è stato solo per ragioni di ricerca!
E ho prontamente guardato cuccioli giocare con dei gattini come candeggina per sciacquarmi gli occhi, dopo.
E guardando il film,
Spanish:
¿A quién se le ocurren las reglas que debe seguir cualquiera que produce una pieza de contenido?
Para garantizar que la audiencia pueda decir que la marca pagó para estar allí.
Y ni siquiera tiene que ser pago,
Incluso si proporcionan bienes gratuitos, o alguna otra consideración como la promoción cruzada,
Todavía tienes que hacer que los miembros de la audiencia sean conscientes de ese tipo de cosas.
El razonamiento subyacente aquí es que, si tomo una Coca-Cola light y digo:
"¡Mmmmm, hombre que es un sabor limpio y crujiente!"
Pero Diet Coke pagó por esa colocación
Podría estar diciendo eso porque me dijeron que
Pero si lo digo y lo promociono a través de seis años de videos,
Y no pagaron nada de eso,
Bien,
Puedes asumir que soy un adicto
Porque estoy.
Me revela que se asociaron conmigo antes del anuncio publicitario
Te permite que el público sea un poco más crítico con la promoción,
Y existen protecciones gubernamentales para garantizar que usted, como espectador, no sea engañado o engañado.
Pero luego fui a ver la película de emojis, y déjenme aclarar que fue solo para fines de investigación.
Y de inmediato miré a los cachorros que jugaban con los gatitos para que sirvieran como blanqueador de ojos después
Y viendo la película,
Spanish:
No pude evitar quedar estupefacto por la cantidad de integraciones descaradas de productos que estaban sucediendo
Sin ningún tipo de divulgación!
Las cosas que tenía que hacer de inmediato harían que mi video fuera marcado y multado
Por la Comisión Federal de Comercio provocando un enjambre de emoji enojado juez, seguido de años de emoji cárcel,
Y toneladas de dinero volando emoji.
Así que hoy, estoy analizando las integraciones de productos en la película para demostrar que realmente se están rompiendo
Los requisitos de FTC y FCC para determinar si la película es tan mala
Es malo también es malo desde el punto de vista legal.
Cada vez que vea una marca aparecer en cualquier lugar,
Como que todos en el crepúsculo conducen misteriosamente a Volvo,
O cómo James Bond puso su banda
El viaje llega a los martinis a cambio de una botella Heineken verde brillante que cae bajo la clasificación de incrustado
anunciando el término incrustado
La publicidad básicamente abarca dos cosas: colocaciones de productos e integraciones de productos. En la colocación del producto, el producto paga una tarifa u ofrece algún otro
English:
I couldn't help but be dumbfounded by the number of blatant product integrations that were happening
Without any sort of disclosure!
Things that were I to do them would immediately get my video flagged and fined
by the FTC, prompting a swarm of "angry judge emoji", followed by "years of jail time emoji,"
And "tons of money flying away emoji."
So today, I'm analyzing the product integrations in the movie to prove that they're actually breaking
FTC and FCC requirements to determine whether the movie that's so bad
it's bad, is also bad from a legal standpoint, too.
Anytime you see a brand appear anywhere,
Like how everyone in "Twilight" mysteriously drives Volvo's,
Or how James Bond banded his
[Bond] change to [Mat] martinis in exchange for a bright green Heineken bottle, it falls under the classification of embedded advertising.
The term embedded advertising
basically covers two things: Product placements and product integrations. In product placement the product pays a fee or offers some other
Italian:
Non riuscivo a non sentirmi confuso rispetto alla quantità di blateranti integrazioni di prodotti che avvenivano
senza nessun tipo di avvertimento!
Se lo avessi fatto io avrei visto immediatamente il mio video blollato e multato
dalla FTC, con l'insorgere di un'orda di emoji di giudici arrabbiati, seguita da un'emoji "anni di prigione"
e un sacco di emoji che volano via
Quindi, oggi sto analizzando le integrazioni di prodotti nel film, per provare che stavano effettivamente infrangendo
i requisiti della FTC e FCC per determinare se il film è così brutto da essere brutto
è anche brutto da un punto di vista legale.
Ogni volta che vedi un marchio apparire da qualche parte,
tipo come in Twilight tutti misteriosamente guidavano delle Volvo,
o come quando James Bond rinunciò al suo
Martini in cambio di un brillante, verde bottiglia di Heineken, può cadere nella classificazione di pubblicità incorporata.
Questo termine,
sostanzialmente compre due cose: il piazzamento del prodotto e la sua integrazione. Nel piazzamento del prodotto, il prodotto paga un prezzo o offre altri
Italian:
servizi e ottiene che il proprio marchio, logo o prodotto appaia nel film;
Il loro prodotto diventa allora materiale di scena, come Reese's Pieces in ET o quelle evidentemente integrate tazze Dunkin' Donuts in America's Got Talent
O, letteralmente, una volta ogni dieci fotogrammi in qualsiasi
in tutti i film Trasformers. Lo si vuole far sembrare casuale, tipo "Oh, guarda queste cose
esistono nel mondo reale e sono appena entrate nella scena!"
"Ti piace la musica?
La pillola"
Ma, ovviamente, non è casuale
Infatti, Reese's ha pagato per ognuno di quei piazzamenti
spendendo un milione di dollari per aiutare a promuovere il film, per essere incluso in quell'iconica scena di ET
Quindi, questa è la prima opzione, il piazzamento del prodotto. La seconda opzione è l'integrazione del prodotto, durante la quale il marchio è attivamente
incorporato nella storia o nei dialoghi. Prendete, per esempio, uno dei miei preferiti:
Snapple che appare in 30 Rocks, quando parlando direttamente dei suoi benefici
"Non lo faremo, non comprometteremo l'integrità dello show per vendere..." "Oh, questa è una Diet Snapple"
"Esco solo con i ragazzi che bevono Snapple" "Tutti amate Snapple,
Dio sa che la amo anche io" oppure Little Nicky che usa il pollo di Popeyes per salvare la terra dai demoni. O in questo iconico momento che è
English:
consideration and gets their brand logo or product into the movie.
Their product then basically becomes a prop like Reese's Pieces in "ET" or those seamlessly integrated Dunkin' Donuts cups on America's Got Talent
or literally once every 10 frames in any
Transformers movie. It's meant to seem like an accident, like "oh look these things
exist in the real world and they just so happen to show up in the scene" [movie quote] you like music?
the pill
[Mat] But, of course, it's not an accident
In fact Reese's paid for each of those Pieces
Spending 1 million dollars to help promote the movie to be included in that iconic scene from ET
So that's option 1: product placement. Option 2 is product integration: where the brand is actively
Incorporated into the story or dialogue. Take, for instance one, of my favorite examples:
Snapple appearing in 30 Rock where they talk directly about the benefits of Snapple
[woman] We're not doing that. We're not compromising the integrity of the show to sell- [man] Oh, this is Diet Snapple
[blonde woman] I only date guys who drink Snapple [man 2] You all love Snapple
but Lord knows I do [Mat] or Little Nicky using Popeye's chicken to save the earth from demons or in this iconic moment that's close to a
Spanish:
Consideración y obtiene el logo de su marca o producto en la película de su producto
Luego, básicamente, se convierte en un accesorio como Reese's Pieces y otros, o en las tazas Dunkin Donuts perfectamente integradas en America's Got Talent.
o literalmente una vez cada 10 cuadros en cualquier
Película Transformers su apuesta para parecer un accidente como oh mira estas cosas
Existe en el mundo real y simplemente aparecen en la escena que te gusta la música
La piscina
Pero por supuesto no es un accidente
De hecho, a Rhys se le paga por cada una de esas piezas
Gastar 1 millón de dólares para ayudar a promover que la película se incluya en esa escena icónica de ET
Así que esa es la opción 1 de colocación de productos opción 2 es integración de productos donde la marca está activa
Incorporado en la historia o el diálogo, por ejemplo, uno de mis ejemplos favoritos
Snapple aparece en 30 rock donde hablan directamente sobre los beneficios de Snapple
No estamos haciendo eso. No estamos comprometiendo la integridad del programa para decir. Oh, esto es Diet Snapple
Solo salgo con chicos que beben Snapple tu amor Snapple
El señor sabe que lo hago o el pequeño Nicky usando popeyes de pollo para salvar a la tierra de los demonios o en este momento icónico que está cerca de un
Spanish:
muchos de nuestros corazones I
Amo el guante de poder
Es tan grande y de nuevo si la marca no paga para estar allí
No cuenta como que yo diga cuánto me encanta beber el coque dietético
surd solitario
rechazado por la dulce y dulce compañía Cola de mis sueños Diet Coke, así que ahora volvemos a la película emoji y una de las
Los ejemplos más grandes y evidentes de publicidad integrada en la película. El juego móvil favorito de la abuela de todos. Candy Crush
Miremos la escena un poco más cerca para ver lo que la FTC y la FCC tienen que decir sobre si esto merece un patrocinio
Divulgación al principio se puede ver claramente el logotipo de Candy Crush, lo que significa que ya hemos cruzado definitivamente al territorio de colocación de productos
Pero luego la película dice directamente el nombre de la aplicación
El droide Candy y los personajes hablan directamente sobre la funcionalidad del juego
Y no podemos igualarlo con ningún amarillo o de lo contrario
Luego, después de eso, el personaje emoji literalmente tiene que ganar el juego para reenviar la trama de la película.
Italian:
in molti dei nostri cuori
"Amo il Power Glove
è così GRAAAANDE" e, di nuovo, se il marchio non paga per essere lì
non conta. Come nel mio caso, quando dico quanto continuo ad amare la Diet Coke
Solo, non sponsorizzato,
rifiutato dalla dolce, dolce industria Cola dei miei sogni. Diet Coke. Ora torniamo al film Emoji e uno
dei più grandi e palesi esempi di pubblicità integrata nel film: il gioco preferito delle nonne di tutti, CANDY CRUSH
Guardiamo a questa scena più da vicino per vedere cos'hanno da dire la FTC e la FCC sul se questo meriti
un avvertimento sulla promozione. All'inizio potete chiaramente vedere il logo di Candy Crush, il che significa che siamo già decisamente entrati nel territorio del piazzamento del prodotto.
Ma poi il film dice direttamente il nome dell'app
"CANDY CRUSH" e i personaggi parlano direttamente delle funzionalità del gioco
"E non possiamo accoppiarlo con nessuna di quelle gialle né con nient'altro"
Poi, dopo ciò, il personaggio emoji deve letteralmente vincere il gioco per far procedere la trama
English:
lot of our hearts
[boy] I Love the power glove
It's so big [Mat] and again if the brand doesn't pay to be there
It doesn't count. Like me saying how much I still love drinking Diet Coke,
lonely, unsponsored,
rejected by the sweet, sweet Cola company of my dreams, Diet Coke. So now we turn back to "The Emoji Movie" and one of the
biggest, most glaring examples of embedded advertising in the film: everyone's grandma's favorite mobile game, Candy Crush
Let's look at the scene a little bit closer to see what the FTC and FCC have to say about whether this merits a sponsorship
disclosure. At the beginning you can clearly see the Candy Crush logo, which means we've already definitely crossed into product placement territory
But then the movie directly says the name of the app
[movie narrator] Candy Crush [Mat] and the characters directly talk about the functionality of the game
[Jailbreak] And we can't match him with any yellows or else *popping noise* [Gene] *screams* Don't do that
[Mat] Then after that the emoji character literally has to win the game to forward the plot of the movie
English:
This clearly falls under category two: product integration
We also know that none of this was an accident
King (the company who owns Candy Crush) very publicly teamed up with "The Emoji Movie" to do one of the biggest cross-promotions
in the game's history, even creating special Emoji Movie levels in the game to promote the film
So what does the FTC guidelines have to say about integrations like this? First,
You need to disclose everything up front. To quote directly from the FTC guidelines,
"An endorsement would be covered by the FTC act if an
advertiser or someone working for an
Advertiser pays you or gives you something of value to mention a product" If you receive free products or other
perks with the expectation that you'll promote or discuss the advertiser's products, you must disclose
This is literally on the front page of the FTC disclosure site
So how did "The Emoji Movie" miss this?
Remember, it doesn't even say they have to like the product. If it appears, if you mention it, it counts and needs disclosure
Italian:
Questo chiaramente cade nella categoria dell'integrazione del prodotto.
Sappiamo anche che niente di tutto questo è casuale
King, la compagnia che possiede Candy Crush, ha molto pubblicamente stretto accordi con il film Emoji, facendo una delle sue più grandi cross-promotions
nella storia del gioco, creando addirittura un livello speciale ispirato alle emoji per promuovere il film
Quindi, cos'hanno da dire le regole della FTC sull'integrazione fatta in questo modo? Prima di tutto,
devi dichiarare tutto sin da subito. Per citare direttamente dalle regole della FTC,
"Un trasferimento verrà coperto dalla legge della FTC se
un pubblicista o qualcuno che sta lavorando per
un pubblicista ti paga o ti dà qualcosa di valore per menzionare un prodotto. Se ricevi prodotti gratuiti o
altri benefici accompagnati da un'aspettativa di promozione o discussione dei prodotti del pubblicista, devi esplicitarlo."
Questo è letteralmente nella prima pagina del sito della FTC sulla divulgazione
Quindi... Come ha fatto a perderselo il film Emoji?
E, bada bene, non dice nemmeno che il prodotto deve piacerti. Se appare, se lo menzioni, conta come elemento che necessita di esplicitazione.
Spanish:
Claramente entra en la categoría dos integración de productos
También sabemos que nada de esto fue un accidente
King, la compañía propietaria de Candy Crush, se asoció públicamente con la película emoji para hacer una de las cruces más grandes
Promociones en la historia del juego incluso creando niveles especiales de película emoji en el juego para promocionar la película
¿Qué tienen que decir las pautas de la FTC sobre integraciones como esta primero?
Debe divulgar todo por adelantado para citar directamente las pautas de la FTC
Un endoso estaría cubierto por la ley FTC si un
anunciante o alguien que trabaja para un
El anunciante le paga o le da algo de valor para mencionar un producto si recibe productos gratuitos u otros
Beneficios con la expectativa de que promoverá o discutirá los productos de los anunciantes que debe divulgar
Esto está literalmente en la primera página del sitio de divulgación de FTC
Entonces, ¿cómo se perdió la película emoji?
Recuerde, ni siquiera dice que tiene que gustarle el producto si aparece si lo menciona, cuenta y necesita divulgación
Spanish:
Pero quién sabe, tal vez lo divulgaron, tal vez lo hicieron en los créditos de la película, esas cosas duran para siempre
Entonces debe estar allí en algún lugar, ¿verdad? Oh mira ahí
Es en ese bloque gigante de texto a cinco minutos de los créditos
Pero eso no va a cortar a los ojos de la FTC que enfatizan una y otra vez en sus reglas y preguntas frecuentes que
Las revelaciones deben ser claras, difíciles de omitir y representar con precisión la relación entre el video y la marca en la que se basa.
lenguaje inequívoco
Y quien hace el video tiene que hacerlo destacar, en una fuente que tiene que ser legible, tiene que sobresalir del fondo
Y no debe estar oculto en notas al pie o bloques de texto o colocarse en lugares que las personas no puedan leer
guardar, por ejemplo, los créditos de cierre de una película que incluso explícitamente
Diga para evitar el final de una pieza de contenido, otra cita de las pautas de la FTC
Citar es más probable que se pierda una revelación al final de un video, especialmente si alguien no ve todo
Tenerlo al principio sería mejor tener múltiples divulgaciones durante el video sería aún mejor
Italian:
Ma, chi sa, forse l'hanno esplicitato, forse l'hanno fatto nei titoli di coda. Quelle robe vanno avanti per sempre
quindi ci deve essere da qualche parte, giusto? Giusto? Oh, guardate lì!
Eccolo: in quel blocco gigante di testo dopo cinque minuti di titoli di coda.
Ma questo non basta agli occhi della FTC. Viene enfatizzato ancora e ancora nelle loro regole e nei FAQ che
l'esplicitazione dello sponsor deve essere chiara, difficile da non notare e deve rappresentare accuratamente la relazione fra il video e il marchio che vi viene citato.
Deve essere: "in un linguaggio non ambiguo,
e chiunque faccia il video deve fare in modo che si noti. Il font deve essere leggibile e in contrasto con il background
e non deve essere nascosto in note a pie' di pagina o in blocchi di testo, né messo in posti in cui le persone tendono a non guardare"
Vedi, ad esempio, i titoli di coda di un film. Dicono anche esplicitamente
di evitare la fine di un contenuto qualsiasi. Di nuovo, cito dalle regole della FTC:
"E' probabile che un'esplicitazione dello sponsor posta alla fine di un video non venga vista, soprattutto se qualcuno non lo guarda per intero.
Metterla all'inizio sarebbe meglio. Mettere esplicitazioni multiple durante il video sarebbe anche meglio".
English:
But who knows, maybe they did disclose, maybe they did it in the movie credits; those things go on forever
So it must be in there somewhere right? Right? Oh look there
it is: in that giant block of text five minutes into the credits
But that's not gonna cut it in the eyes of the FTC. They emphasize over and over again in their rules and FAQ that
disclosures need to be clear, hard to miss and accurately represent the relationship between the video and the brand it has to be quote "in
unambiguous language,"
[Mat paraphrasing] And whoever makes the video has to make it stand out. The font has to be readable it has to stand out from the background
And it shouldn't be hidden in footnotes or blocks of text or put in places people aren't likely to read
Say, for instance, the closing credits of a movie. They even explicitly
say to avoid the end of a piece of content again another quote from FTC guidelines
Quote "it's more likely that a disclosure at the end of a video will be missed, especially if someone doesn't watch the whole thing"
"Having it at the beginning would be better having multiple disclosures during the video would be even better"
Italian:
No, scusate, FTC, vi siete appena presi un pugno di "per gentile concessione di" mescolato a un muro di testo un'ora dopo che la pubblicità integrata ha avuto luogo e
Ricordate tutto quel "accuratamente rappresentare la relazione fra il video e il marchio"? Sì, beh, qualcosa mi dice che la relazione fra
King e la Sony Pictures fosse molto diversa della relazione fra Rosanna Pansino e la Sony Pictures
Ma tutto ciò apparentemente è lo stesso che "per gentile concessione di". Questo non implica nemmeno che qualsiasi sorta di pagamento o
uno scambio promozionale, ma tutti noi sappiamo che è successo e che non è un'accurata descrizione basandoci sulle regole della FTC
E devo dirvi che questa è solo la punta dell'iceberg per quanto riguarda l'integrazione di prodotti in questo film. L'intero
film sta saltellando da una pubblicità immaginaria all'altra. Da Twitter a Youtube, a Spotify, a Instagram a Facebook...
Milioni di spettatori sono stati letteralmente ingannati: hanno pagato dei soldi per vedere un'ora e trentuno minuti di
pubblicità, ragazzi.
Spanish:
No, lo siento, FTC, acaba de recibir un puñado de cortesía al mezclarse en una pared de texto una hora después de que ocurriera la publicidad integrada y
Recuerde que el agujero representa con precisión la relación entre el video y la marca de bit Apple algo me dice que la relación entre
King y Sony Pictures se veían muy diferentes a la relación entre Rosanna pansino y Sony Pictures
Pero todo parece ser la misma cortesía de eso, ni siquiera implica que haya ningún tipo de pago o promoción
La consideración cambió de manos, pero todos sabemos que lo hizo, por lo que no es un descriptor preciso basado en las pautas de la FTC.
Y tengo que decirte que eso es solo la punta del iceberg cuando se trata de integraciones en esta película, la totalidad
La película está pasando de un anuncio inventado al siguiente Twitter a YouTube a Spotify a Instagram a Facebook
millones de cinéfilos fueron engañados literalmente para que paguen dinero por ver una hora y 31 minutos de
anuncios ustedes chicos
English:
Nope, sorry, FTC, you just get a handful of "courtesy by" mixed into a wall of text an hour after that embedded advertising happened and
Remember that whole "accurately represent the relationship between video and brand bit"? Yeah, well something tells me that the relationship between
King and Sony Pictures looked a whole lot different than the relationship between Rosanna Pansino and Sony Pictures
But all of it apparently is the same "courtesy of." That doesn't even imply that any sort of payment or promotional
Consideration changed hands, but we all know it did so that is not an accurate descriptor based on the FTC guidelines
And I have to tell you that's just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to integrations in this movie. The ENTIRE
MOVIE is hopping from one embedded ad to the next - Twitter to YouTube to Spotify to Instagram to Facebook.
Millions of moviegoers were literally tricked into paying money to watch an hour and 31 minutes of
commercials, you guys.
Spanish:
Desearía estar bromeando y la misma regla de divulgación debería aplicarse a cada uno de esos
Pero especialmente las otras dos integraciones de producto más grandes en esta película, Dropbox y simplemente baila
Y si pensabas que el enamoramiento de dulces era malo, estos dos son aún peores en la escena por solo bailar ahora
No es solo que los personajes solo están bailando, sino que están respaldando el producto
Empiezan explicando literalmente las reglas del juego siguen mi movimiento
Obtienes una X
A continuación, venda el producto como una aplicación hecha para que todos entren
Todo el mundo puede bailar y luego hacer comentarios positivos sobre el uso de la aplicación por el resto de esta insoportablemente larga semilla
Oh
Realmente te encanta solo el lenguaje como ese asunto para la Comisión Federal de Comercio. Oh, apuesto a que sí. Hay una línea de las pautas de FTC
Específicamente sobre endosos implícitos de productos aquí
es simplemente publicar una imagen de un producto o un video de usted usando podría transmitir que le gusta y aprueba el
Italian:
Vorrei che fosse uno scherzo. E la stessa identica regola di esplicitazione dovrebbe essere applicata per ciascuno di questi marchi.
Ma soprattutto per altri due grandissime integrazioni pubblicitarie di questo film, Dropbox e Just Dance,
E se avete pensato che Candy Crush fosse cattivo, questi due sono ancora peggio. Nella scena per Just Dance Now
non è solo il fatto che i personaggi stiano ballando: i personaggi stanno APPROVANDO il prodotto
Cominciano letteralmente spiegando le regole del gioco. "Segui le mie mosse, e andrai avanti. Non seguirle e
otterrai una X!"
Poi vendono il prodotto come un'app fatta per tutti. "Forza,
tutti possono ballare!" Poi fanno commenti positivi sull'uso dell'app per il resto di questa dolorosamente lunga scena.
"LO ADORO!"
Oh, davvero?! Lo ami? Un linguaggio del genere conta per la FTC? Oh, ci puoi scommettere che conta. C'è una riga nelle linee guida della FTC
che è specificatamente sull'approvazione implicita di prodotti. Eccola:
"Semplicemente pubblicando un immagine di un prodotto o un video di te che usi il prodotto potresti suggerire il fatto che ti piace e approvi il prodotto.
English:
I wish I were joking. And the exact same disclosure rule should apply to each of those,
but especially the other two biggest product integrations in this movie: Dropbox and Just Dance.
And if you thought Candy Crush was bad, these two are even worse. In the scene for Just Dance now,
it's not just that the characters are Just Dancing, they're actually endorsing the product.
They start by literally explaining the rules of the game - "Follow my moves,
"and you get to move forward! Do the wrong moves, and you get an X."
- then sell the product as an app made for everyone - "Come on,
"everybody can dance!" - then they make positive comments about using the app for the rest of this excruciatingly long scene.
Oh
Really you love it just language like that matter to the FTC. Oh you bet it does. There's a line of the FTC guidelines
Specifically about implicit endorsements of products here
it is simply posting a picture of a product or a video of you using it could convey that you like and approve of the
Italian:
Se è così, si tratta di un avvallamento anche se non necessita necessariamente di parole che veicolino il messaggio positivo".
Sì, puoi fare cose come sorridere, usare suoni non verbali come "WOW" o mostrare che sai usare il prodotto
bene. Se fai una di quelle cose la FTC si aspetta che tu faccia una qualche esplicitazione
E' ancora più sfacciato per quanto riguarda Dropbox. E, siamo onesti, Dropbox?!
Me li vedo dei bambini di sei anni che siedono al cinema e fanno tipo: "Oh, grazie a Dio,
c'è finalmente una soluzione sicura per i miei
bisogni di trasferimento file!" poi si scavano il naso con le dita e le usano per guarnire gli Snow Caps. Ma per Dropbox in questo film
è davvero grave. Letteralmente, rimangono in adorazione
del magnifico firewall di Dropbox, poi dimostrano il sistema per la password dell'app
e quanto FORTE sia la sua sicurezza. Poi, ovviamente, rendono
esplicitamente chiaro che la malvagia emoji malware non può attraversare perché, sapete, è
Malware e un malware non può oltrepassare i grandiosi dispositivi di sicurezza dell'app Dropbox. Non è solo integrazione del prodotto
Spanish:
Si el producto es un endoso, no necesariamente tiene que usar palabras para transmitir un mensaje positivo.
Sí, puedes hacer cosas como sonar usar sonidos no verbales como whoa o mostrar que puedes usar el producto
Bueno, si hace una de esas cosas, la FTC espera que esté divulgando
Es aún más evidente para Dropbox y seamos honestos aquí Dropbox
Puedo ver a Timmy, de seis años, sentado en el teatro como oh, gracias a Dios
Finalmente hay una solución segura para mi archivo
Las necesidades de transferencia luego saca un moco de su nariz y lo usa para adornar su capa de nieve, pero para Dropbox en esta película
Es realmente malo, literalmente. Ellos se quedan maravillados
El magnífico firewall de Dropbox luego demuestra la contraseña de la aplicación
¿Y qué tan fuerte es su seguridad entonces, por supuesto, lo hacen?
explícitamente claro que el malvado emoji no puede pasar porque sabes que es
El malware y el malware no pueden acceder a la gran aplicación segura de Dropbox. Esto no es solo integración de productos
English:
Product if it does it's an endorsement you don't necessarily have to use words to convey a positive message
Yeah, you could do things like smile use nonverbal sounds like whoa or show that you can use the product
Well if you do any one of those things the FTC is expecting you to be doing some disclosing
It's even more blatant for Dropbox and let's be honest here Dropbox
I can just see six-year-old Timmy sitting there in the theater being like oh, thank goodness
There's finally a secure solution for my file
Transfer needs then he digs a booger out of his nose and uses it to garnish his snow cap but for Dropbox in this movie
It's really bad literally. They stand in awe of
Dropbox's magnificent firewall then they demonstrate the password for the app
And how strong its security is then of course they make it?
explicitly clear that the evil malware emoji can't get through because you know it's
Malware and malware can't get into the great secure app of Dropbox. This is not just product integration
Spanish:
esta es una demostración directa y
aprobación básicamente el pináculo de todo lo que es hashtag engendrado tan larga historia corta
Atornille el mumbo jumbo legal los resultados son definitivamente claros los emoji
La película está totalmente fuera de línea, no busque más allá de las pautas de la FTC
Viola reglas que yo mismo y literalmente millones de otros usuarios de YouTube tienen cada día
Cierre todo el mundo llame a los federales para hacerles saber que estos infractores deberían recibir la misma cara feroz
Emojis ya que llegaron allí en la FTC
No solo es esta película un enorme emoji caca humeante
Pero también es un emoji de caca detrás de las barras emoji porque lo que están haciendo es literalmente ilegal
Profanes la emoji movie ya no
¡Oh, no, su lengua, demasiado fuerte, me está cegando!
Obtener buen odio.
Italian:
questa è una diretta dimostrazione e
un'approvazione. Sostanzialmente, il pinnacolo di tutto ciò che è #sponsorizzato. Quindi, in sintesi,
Che vada a farsi benedire questo limbo legale, il risultati sono definitivamente chiari: il film emoji
è COMPLETAMENTE fuori dalle regole. Senza guardare più in là delle linee guida della FTC
viola regole che io stesso e letteralmente milioni di altri youtubers sono tenuti a rispettare ogni giorno.
Fatelo chiudere! Chiamate tutti i federali, fategli sapere che questi violatori dovrebbero ricevere tante emoji tristi
quante ne hanno qui giù alla FTC
Non solo questo film è un'enorme e fumante cacca emoji,
Ma è anche una cacca emoji dietro le sbarre, perché quello che stanno facendo è letteralmente illegale.
BASTA! Non profanerai più il film Emoji,
Oh no! Il suo dab è troppo forte, mi sta accecando!
Beccati questo, hater.
English:
this is a direct demonstration and
endorsement basically the pinnacle of all that is hashtag spawned so long story short
Screw the legal mumbo jumbo the results are definitively clear the emoji
Movie is totally out of line look no further than the FTC guidelines
It violates rules that myself and literally millions of other YouTubers are held to every day
Shut it down everyone call in the feds let them know that these violators should receive as many frowny face
Emojis as they've got down there at the FTC
Not only is this movie a huge steaming poop emoji
But it's also a poop emoji behind bars emoji because what they are doing is literally illegal
You will profane the emoji movie no longer
Oh no, His dab's, too strong, it's blinding meee !!!
Get good hater.
Italian:
L'abilità del film Emoji di rendere le giovani menti impressionabili coscienti della qualità dei servizi di condivisione file sicura come Dropbox
e le infinite ore di divertimento che possono avere grazie all'incredibile Just Dance, che con la sua selezione di
283 delle hit di più calde di oggi è protetta dalla sezione tre uno sette della legge sulla comunicazione della FCC
che dice che: "qualsiasi film prodotto per apparire nei cinema non deve avere esplicitazoni delle pubblicità di marchi sponsor"
Certo, tu Jacksfilms e la tua robusta conoscenza dell'arcano giuridichese
- Ma, davvero, è seriamente così?
- Il film Emoji mentirebbe mai?
- Voglio dire, ti sei mai divertito tanto giocando a Just Dance Now?
- Sì.
Jacksfilms se ne va...
Non sono arrivato a tutte quelle altre regole sull'esplicitazione, comunque...
Quelle sono tutte sulle linee guida della FTC e della FCC
Quindi se i film sono esonerati dall'esplicitare che stanno prendendo milioni di dollare grazie alla citazione di questi prodotti
Per qualche ragione... Allora, cosa, queste regole vengono applicate alle TV, ai giornali e ai video digitali?
Solo i video digitali. La TV viene giudicata secondo
altri standard: fin tanto che quella pubblicità di Milton Bradley è elencata nei titoli di cosa dell'episodio di Big Bang Theory, va tutto bene, amici!
Spanish:
La capacidad de la película Emoji de hacer que las mentes jóvenes e impresionables conozcan los servicios gratuitos de intercambio de archivos de malware como Dropbox
y las interminables horas se divierten que pueden derivar de la increíble danza justa que con su selección de
283 de las canciones de baile más populares de la actualidad están protegidas por la sección tres uno siete de la Ley de Comunicaciones de la FCC
¿Qué afirma que una película cinematográfica producida para aparecer en los cines no tiene que divulgar sus asociaciones de marca?
Te maldigo las películas de Jack y tu conocimiento robusto de la jerga legal arcana
Pero en serio es que realmente la mentira de la película de emojis sería mentira. ¿Alguna vez te has divertido tanto jugando a bailar ahora sí?
Las películas de Jack lejos
No inventé todas esas otras reglas de divulgación, aunque
Todos están en las pautas de la FTC y la FCC
Entonces, si las películas están exentas de tener que revelar que están recibiendo millones de dólares de estos productos
Por alguna razón, entonces estas reglas solo se aplican a los periódicos de televisión en video digital
Solo la televisión digital es juzgada por otra
Estándares, siempre y cuando la promoción de Milton Bradley esté listada en los créditos de cierre de ese episodio de Big Bang Theory, todos buenos, fam!
English:
The Emoji Movie's ability to make young impressionable minds aware of quality malware free file-sharing services like Dropbox
and the endless hours have fun they can derive from the incredible just dance that with its selection of
283 of today's hottest dance tunes is protected by section three one seven of the FCC's Communications Act
Which states that any motion picture film produced to appear in theaters doesn't have to disclose its brand partnerships?
Curse you Jack's films and your robust knowledge of arcane legalese
[Mat] But seriously is that really true?
[Jack] Would the emoji movie lie?
I mean, have you ever had this much fun playing just dance now?
[Jack] yes
Jack's films away!
[Mat] Waitwaitwait!
I didn't make up all those other disclosure rules though...
Those are all on the FTC and FCC guidelines...
So if movies are exempt from having to disclose that they're getting paid millions of dollars from these products
...For some reason... then what?
These rules only apply to TV newspapers and digital video..?
[Jack]Just digital. TV is judged by other
Standards as long as that Milton Bradley promotion is listed off in the closing credits of that episode of Big
Theory, you're all good, Fam!
Spanish:
¿Por qué la audiencia se ríe de esto? Simplemente están jugando Twister, ni siquiera están en posiciones graciosas porque es muy divertido Matt
Oh, chico entre esto y la película emoji de este año ha sido un poder cómico
Oh, chico entre esto y la película emoji de este año ha sido un poder cómico
Se van en una pequeña esquina mientras el próximo show comienza a jugar sip
y mientras tanto
youtubers y otros creadores de videos digitales tienen que divulgar un anuncio en los primeros segundos del video y luego nuevamente cuando la integración real
Comienza a los espectadores. No te lo pierdas, sí, y las películas no tienen que hacer nada de esto
¿Por qué seamos honestos? La gente probablemente pagó absolutamente el hecho de que el dinero rara vez cambia directamente de manos
Incluso dijo que usted mismo para obtener Reese's Pieces en ET, Hershey gastó 1 millón de dólares
promocionando la película Las películas encontraron una laguna, también citan su Primera Enmienda
Derechos de divulgación al principio
En el medio de la película les quitaría sus derechos para contar la historia artística que quieren contar. No sé con James.
Bond está dispuesto a cambiar de sus emblemáticos martinis a
English:
(audience laughs at scene)
[Mat] Why is the audience laughing at this they're just playing twister, they're not even in funny positions
[Jack] Because it's hilarious, Mat
Oh boy between this and the emoji movie, this year has been a comedic powerhouse
[Mat] But no one even shows the credits of TV programs anymore at best
They're off in a tiny corner while the next show starts playing!
[Jack] yep
[Mat] and meanwhile
youtubers and other digital video creators have to disclose an ad at the opening seconds of the video and then again when the actual integration
Starts. [Jack] so viewers don't miss it, yeah.
and and movies don't have to do any of this? [Jack]you betcha
[Mat] WHY?
[Jack] let's be honest people were probably paid off. Add to it the fact that money rarely directly changes hands
Even said it yourself to get Reese's Pieces into ET, Hershey's spent 1 million dollars
PROMOTING the movie. Movies found a loophole they also cite their First Amendment
Rights to disclose at the beginning
In the middle of the movie would take away their rights to tell the artistic story they want to tell.
[Mat] I don't know with James Bond is willing to switch from his iconic martinis to a
Italian:
- Perché il pubblico sta ridendo?! Stanno solo giocando a Twister, non sono nemmeno in posizioni buffe!
- Perché è esilarante, Matt
Oh, ragazzi. Fra questo e il film Emoji quest'anno è stata una centrale elettrica di comicità
Ma nessuno mostra nemmeno i titoli di coda dei programmi per intero in tv! Nella migliore delle ipotesi
sono dentro un piccolo angolo di schermo mentre il programma dopo comincia!
- Sì
E nel frattempo
Gli youtubers e altri creatori di video digitali devono specificare la sponsorizzazione di un prodotto nei primi secondi del video e poi ancora una volta quando avviene effettivamente la pubblicità!
Così che gli spettatori non se la perdano. E i film non devono fare niente di tutto questo.
- Puoi scommetterci.
- PERCHE'?!
Siamo onesti, le persone sono state probabilmente pagate. Aggiungilo al fatto che raramente i soldi passano direttamente da una mano all'altra
Lo hai detto tu stesso, per mettere Reese's Pieces in ET, Hershey ha speso un milione di dollari
PROMUOVENDO il film. I film hanno trovato un loophole. Citano anche il loro Primo Emendamento
Per esplicitare all'inizio
o nel mezzo del film, dovrebbero privarsi del loro diritto di raccontare l'artistica storia che vogliono raccontare.
Non lo so, quando James Bond ha voglia di cambiare dal suo iconico Martini
Spanish:
Cuesta cerveza por cuarenta y cinco millones de dólares. Algo me dice que las artes y la libertad de expresión pueden no ser los factores que impulsan esa creatividad.
Decisión quién habla de pujar? Espero en la emoji movie 2
Van a la aplicación de eBay, lo que yo no haría para ver que el gen consigue una guerra de ofertas con el chico de jailbreak, lo que yo jinx
Entonces, ¿qué me estás diciendo es que si la película emoji fuera un video de YouTube o una película?
Hecho para Facebook o lo que sea que sea ilegal porque no revela la marca
Endosos, pero debido a que es una película en los cines. Está perfectamente bien. Sí, incluso si se dirige directamente a niños
Sí
¿No parece hipócrita e injusta que las leyes lo exijan?
youtubers para revelar ofertas de marca varias veces para asegurarse de que la audiencia conoce el
relación entre la marca y la creatividad, mientras que las películas obtienen decenas de millones de dólares tienen
Los Emoji aprenden a jugar al enamoramiento de dulces y al esfuerzo de hacer que los niños jueguen y nada de eso debe ser revelado
Donde sea que lo haga y eso es lo que hace que las brillantes mentes creativas de la animación de Sony Pictures sean tan brillantes y creativas
Pero mi trabajo aquí está hecho
Italian:
a una birra economica per 45 milioni di dollari qualcosa mi dice che l'arte e la libertà di espressione non sono fattori primari in quella decisione
creativa.
- Oh, parlando di affari, spero che in Emoji 2
vadano nell'app di eBay. Oh, quanto vorrei vedere Gene entrare in una guerra d'aste con Jailbreak.
Quindi quello che mi stai dicendo è che se il film Emoji fosse stato fatto su Youtube
o un video fatto su Facebook eccetera, sarebbe stato illegale perché non c'è l'esplicitazione dei marchi
Ma dato che è un film proiettato al cinema, va perfettamente bene.
- Sì.
- Anche se si rivolge direttamente ai bambini
- Sì.
- Non ti sembra un po' ipocrita e ingiusto che la legge richieda
agli youtuber di esplicitare le sponsorizzazioni più volte per essere certi che l'audience conosca
la relazione fra il marchio e il creatore del video, mentre i film prendono milioni di dollari
per mettere delle emoji che imparano a giocare a Candy Crush nel tentativo di far cominciare i bambini a giocare a quel gioco e che NIENTE DI TUTTO QUESTO
DEBBA ESSERE ESPLICITATO DA NESSUNA PARTE?!
- E' ingiusto. E' questo che rende la mente creativa della Sony Pictures Animation così brillante e creativa
Ma qui il mio lavoro è finito.
English:
Bargain beer for forty five million dollars something tells me that arts and free speech may not be the driving factors in that creative
Decision. [Jack] Oooh, speaking of bidding? I hope in the emoji movie 2
They go to the eBay app! ooh what I wouldn't do to see gene getting a bidding war with jailbreak. oh boy, what hijinx
[Mat] So what you're telling me is that if the emoji movie were a YouTube video or a movie
Made for Facebook or whatever, it would be illegal because it doesn't disclose the brand
Endorsements, but because it's a feature film in theaters. It's perfectly fine. [Jack] Yep [Mat, continuing] even if it's directly targeting children
[Jack]Yep
[Mat] Doesn't it seem hypocritical and unfair that laws require
youtubers to disclose brand deals multiple times to make sure the audience knows the
relationship between the brand and the creative while films get tens of millions of dollars to have
Emoji learn how to play candy crush in the efforts of getting kids to play the game and none of it has to be disclosed
Anywhere?!? [Jack] it does. And that's what makes the brilliant creative minds of Sony Pictures animation so brilliant and creative
But my work here is done
Spanish:
JacksFilms, de acuerdo, las pautas de la FTC que cubren a los bloggers en línea y cosas como los videos de YouTube tienen más de 10.000 palabras.
eso es más largo que todo el guión de la película emoji que se sincroniza en
7426 palabras oh sí, conté las expectativas de revelaciones y las películas están cubiertas en 30 palabras, pero se pueden resumir en cuatro
No es necesario y déjame aclararlo. No me opongo a la revelación
Creo que es importante, pero creo que debe ser justo para películas para televisión y para bloggers
Voy a citar ahora de la pregunta uno de los lineamientos de la FTC
¿Las guías de aprobación se aplican a la respuesta de las redes sociales?
Sí, la verdad y la publicidad son importantes en todos los medios
Si han existido durante décadas, como la televisión y las revistas, o si son relativamente nuevos, como los blogs y las redes sociales.
¿Te das cuenta de la forma de los medios que brillantemente ausentes allí?
¡Películas! La FTC establece que los objetivos de estas regulaciones son ayudar a los consumidores a distinguir anuncios de contenido
Italian:
Okay, le linee guida della FTC che coprono i blog e cose come i video su Youtube vanno oltre le 10,000 parole
Che è più dell'intero copione del film Emoji, che si aggira intorno alle
7426 mila parole. Oh, sì, le ho contate. Le aspettative per l'esplicitazione per i film sono coperte in 30 parole, ma si potrebbero riassumere in 4:
Non devi dirlo necessariamente. E, lasciatemi essere chiaro, non sono contrario all'esplicitazione delle sponsorizzazioni,
penso che sia importante, ma ritengo che debba essere uguale per film, tv e blog
Adesso citerò dalla prima domanda delle linee guida della FTC:
"le guide di esplicitazioni si applicano al giusto uso dei social media?"
La loro risposta? "Sì, la verità e la pubblicità sono importanti per tutti i media.
che siano in giro da decenni, come la televisione e i giornali o che siano relativamente nuovi, come i blog e i social media
Avete notato la forma dei media che è cospicuamente assente qui?
I FILM. La FTC sostiene che lo scopo di queste regolamentazioni è di aiutare i consumatori a distinguere le pubblicità dai contenuti
English:
JacksFilms, Away!
[Mat] the FTC guidelines covering online bloggers and things like YouTube videos is over 10,000 words long
that is longer than the entire script of the emoji movie which clocks in at
7426 words. oh yeah, I counted! the expectations for disclosures and movies are covered in 30 words, but can be summarized in four you
"You Don't need to". And let me make it clear. I'm not opposed to disclosure
I think it's important, but I think it needs to be fair for movies, for television, and for bloggers.
I'm gonna quote now from question one of the FTC guidelines
(quote) "Do the endorsement guides apply to social media?"
[Mat] their response?
"Yes, truth and advertising is important in all media
Whether they have been around for decades (like television and magazines) or are relatively new. (like blogs and social media)"
[Mat] Notice the form of media who's conspicuously absent there?
Movies! The FTC states that the goals of these regulations are to help consumers distinguish ads from content
Italian:
Ma forse la parte peggiore di tutto questo è che il film Emoji sta chiaramente scegliendo come target i bambini
Bambini che, secondo gli studi
dell'Association for Consumer Reasearch, non capiscono nemmeno che le pubblicità esistono per VENDERE un prodotto. Se queste
agenzie governative sono davvero interessate a proteggere gli spettatori
dovrebbero impiegare un po' meno tempo a inviare notifiche agli instagramers e un po' di più
a chiedere a queste pubblicità di novanta minuti di darsi una forma. Shape up? NO, UN ATTIMO,
ANCHE QUESTA E' UN'APP! #nonsposorizzato #nonsponsorizzato #nonsponsorizzato
e probabilmente ancora #nonsponsorizzato. Preparatevi per molte altre torie su Youtube amici miei, ma, hey
QUESTA E' SOLO UNA TEORIA.
E... Un grazie speciale a Jacksfilms
Il più grande fan del film Emoji mi ha aiutato con l'episodio di oggi. Se vi siete persi la sua esilarante recensione del film, allora BAM
Ecco il link sullo schermo
Solo, uh, Jack, assicurati di spiaccicarci un #sponsorizzato su quella cacca emoji-pelo del petto
English:
But perhaps the worst part of all of this is that the emoji movie is clearly targeting kids,
kids who, according to studies by the
Association for Consumer Research don't even understand that commercials exist to sell a product. if these
Government agencies are truly invested in protecting viewers
They should spend a little less time spending out notices to instagramers and spend a bit more time
Asking these 90-minute commercials to shape up... shapeup, wait no
that's an app too! hashtag not Spon!
HASHTAG NOT SPON!
And probably never sponned again prepare for a lot more YouTube theories my friends, but hey
that's just a theory a film theory aaand
special thanks to Jacksfilms,
the Emoji Movie's quote unquote biggest fan for helping me out with today's episode if you missed his hilarious review of the movie then BAM
There's the link on screen right now
Just uh Jack makes sure to slap a #SPON on that poop emoji
Spanish:
Pero tal vez la peor parte de todo esto es que la película emoji está claramente dirigida a niños
niños que según los estudios de la
La Asociación para la Investigación del Consumidor ni siquiera entiende que existen anuncios para vender un producto si estos
Las agencias gubernamentales están verdaderamente comprometidas en proteger a los espectadores
Deben pasar un poco menos de tiempo gastando avisos a instagramers y pasar un poco más de tiempo
Asking these 90-minute commercials to shape up kpop wait no
esa es una aplicación para hash tag no engendrar etiqueta hash no engendrar y
Probablemente nunca se engendren de nuevo, prepárense para muchas más teorías de YouTube, amigos míos, pero bueno
eso es solo una teoría, una teoría del cine y
El agradecimiento especial a Jax lleno
Las películas de emoji citan al mejor fan para ayudarme con el episodio de hoy si te perdiste su revisión hilarante de la película y luego BAM
Aquí está el enlace en la pantalla
Sólo uh Jack se asegura de dar una bofetada a un engendro hashtag en ese emoji caca
English:
Chest hair ya have at the end - and on a more serious note
Please help support independent creators like Jacksfilms and us here at film theory who are trying to do good work in a system
That's obviously rigged against us how can you do that you ask well there are a lot of ways?
But the easiest answer is by subscribing and then watching our videos links around screen now
So please find it in your heart to click them now if you'll excuse me I need to go hide
I was already on some government watch lists before but calling out unfair relationships between the government and the entertainment industry
I'm sure is making me no friends, so
Fingers crossed all of our videos don't get flagged
Italian:
che hai alla fine. E, passando a un tono più serio
Per favore, aiutate a supportare i creatori indipendenti come Jacksfilms e noi qui a FIlm Theory, che stiamo cerca di fare un buon lavoro in un sistema
che è ovviamente contro di noi. Come potete farlo mi chiedete? Beh, ci sono un sacco di modi
Ma quello più semplice è iscriversi e guardare i nostri video: link sullo schermo
Quindi, per favore, cliccateli ora. Se mi scusate, ho bisogno di nascondermi.
Ero già su una qualche lista governativa prima di dichiarare ingiuste le relazioni fra il governo e l'industria dell'intrattenimeno
Ora sono sicuro di non essermi fatto degli amici, quindi
incrociamo le dita e speriamo che non vengano bloccati tutti i nostri video
Spanish:
El área del pecho tiene al final y en una nota más seria
Ayúdenos a apoyar a creadores independientes como las películas de Jax y a nosotros aquí en la teoría del cine que intentan hacer un buen trabajo en un sistema
Eso obviamente está manipulado contra nosotros, ¿cómo puedes hacer eso, preguntas bien, hay muchas maneras?
Pero la respuesta más fácil es suscribiéndonos y luego viendo nuestros videos enlaces alrededor de la pantalla ahora
Así que, por favor, encuentra en tu corazón hacer clic en ellos ahora, si me disculpas, necesito ir a esconderme
Ya estaba en algunas listas de vigilancia del gobierno antes, pero llamando relaciones injustas entre el gobierno y la industria del entretenimiento
Estoy seguro de que no me hace amigos, entonces
Los dedos cruzados todos nuestros videos no se marcan
|
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I'LL TELL YOU HOW WE WILL BEAT
THIS GO AROUND JUST A FEW
MINUTES.
I BELIEVE THESE PEOPLE
WOULD DO THE STUFF.
POLICE SAY A HILLSBORO UTILITY.
FOUND THE FETUS.
AMY CUTLER LIVE TONIGHT IN
HILLSBORO.
AMY?
Reporter: POLICE CONTINUE TO
INVESTIGATE THIS CASE AND
AUTOPSY WILL BE CONDUCTED ON
THE FETUS THE SEARCH FOR THE
MOTHER CONTINUES POLICE SAYING
THEY ARE CONCERNED ABOUT HER
SAFETY AND WELL-BEING.
THIS IS A SEWER PUMP
STATION WHERE THE FETUS WAS
FOUND.
A UTILITIES WORKER CLEANING IT
OUT MADE THE DISCOVERY AND
ALERTED POLICE.
BY THAT TIME, TWO POLICE CARS
POURED DOWN AND THEY WALKED IN
AND AFTER THAT, IT WAS 10 OF
THEM.
RICHARD COLLINS LIVES AT THE
PATRIOTS PAINT A PART THAT'S
CLOSE TO THAT STATION.
HE SAYS IT ALL STARTED AROUND
10:30 AM POLICE SAY IT WAS LAST
CLEANED OUT ON WEDNESDAY
POLICE SAY THEY'RE WORKING
THIS CASE ROUND-THE-CLOCK.
|
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Hello, My name is Krishna Vamsi, I'm 23 years old
I'm pursuing my degree in BA Hospitality Management
In International Institute of Hotel Management, Hyderabad, India.
Now, I'm going to show you some of my knife skills
Now, I'm going to show you how to Chop an Onion...
First, We have to make these slits
Depending upon the size of the Onion we can make the number of slits
And you have to turn the Onion this way and make the slits in this direction
Now, all you have to do is
Catch the Onion like this with a claw and move the knife in this direction. So that you will
get a fine and evenly chopped..
Onion
This is how you chop an Onion
Now, I'm going to show you how to slice an Onion.
Slicing an Onion is an easy task.
You just have to slide your knife through the Onion like this
You have to make sure that the slices are very thin
So that it will cook evenly
Depending upon the dish.
These are the Slices of an Onion.
Now, I'm going to show you how to cut a Julienne and Brunoise with a Carrot
These are the Juliennes of a Carrot
And now, we can turn these into...
Brunoise
You just have to cut them into fine squares
These fine squares are called Brunoise.
Now, I'm going to show you the Dices of a Potato.
Dices are just the squares of the Vegetable.
These are the large Dices of Potato
Now, I'm going to show you how to cut a Chiffonade.
We just have to take 2 leaves out of a Cabbage and roll them like this
and we just have to cut it in a thin manner
Chiffonade is nothing but..
the Julienne which are made from the Leafy vegetables
When you open this up..
These are the Chiffonade of the Cabbage
I would like to thank A.H.A. for giving me this opportunity
to showcase my knife skills.
|
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(rock music)
- [Jerry] You know that
you not doing stand-up
drives people crazy.
You know that, right?
- The last time I saw Don Rickles,
and, uh, Rickles was
like maybe a month or two
before he passed away,
and he just, just went on and
on and on like that, like--
- Really?
- "Well, you have to do stand-up again
and you have to (mumbles)"
just went on and on about it
and I was just like "Wow."
I'ma do it again, it was just...
- Really?
- Yeah, I just had to, you know,
everything has to be right.
I gotta get up there
and start workin' out.
- Really?
- I have to get up and wor--
the only way you can get like a act
is I gotta go to the clubs and work houses
and I'm gonna do that again.
- [Eddie] You still gotta
go to the comedy clubs.
- [Jerry] You still gotta go the...
You could have your own club.
- So, you should buy
the Comic Strip and I,
I'll come work out there.
- You wanna do that, I'll do it.
I'll call it "Jerry
Seinfeld's Comic Strip."
(Eddie and Jerry laughing)
|
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[ Elevator Bell Dings ]
lt was me !
Hi, Mr. Reede !
Like the new dress ?
Whatever takes the focus
off your head.
- What's up, Fletcher ?
- Your cholesterol, fatty !
Dead man walkin'.
- Hey, Fletcher.
- Hey ! You're not important
enough to remember.
- What's it gonna be, Mr. Reede ?
- A pockmark, eventually !
Don't ask !
For God's sakes, don't ask.
All right.
You can beat this.
lt's all a matter
of willpower !
A test. Something small.
Red. Red. All right ?
Now focus.
The color of this pen
is r-r-r--
The color of this pen...
iS le-e-e-e-e--
Re-e-e-e--
The color of the pen
that l hold in my hand...
iS l-l-l-l--
r-r-royal blue !
[ Yelps ]
One lie, and l can't say it !
l'll write it.
[ Yelling ]
Write it ! Write it,
or l'll break it off !
[ Chuckling Victoriously ]
Agh ! No !
Come on ! Stop it.
[ Screaming ]
Boss ? What happened ?
The pen is blue.
The pen is blue !
The goddamn pen is blue !
|
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Hello everybody!
This video will show you what to do if one
of hard disk partitions is not shown in the
Explorer after reinstalling Windows, or if
you installed a new hard disk in your computer
and it is not shown too, though you can see
it in BIOS.
So, let’s begin.
Right-click on the Start menu and select Disk
Management from the menu that appears.
If you have a missing partition on your hard
disk, check if there are any unallocated areas
there, or an area which is allocated already
but it doesn’t have any drive letter.
Sometimes the disk contains some data but
there is no letter assigned to it.
That is why do not hurry to take any action
to avoid losing this data.
At first make sure that this area is not “unallocated”
but it is, for example, an NTFS disk.
In this case, you just need to assign a drive
letter.
To do it, right-click on this area.
In this case, the menu should have a line
saying “Change drive letter or path.”
Click Add.
Choose the drive letter.
In our case, that is disk D. Click OK.
Check it.
Disk D can be seen in the Explorer now.
If this is still some unallocated space, then
click on it and choose from the menu “Create
a simple volume.”
Then click Next.
Set the volume size; by default, all available
size is set.
Then click Next.
Assign a drive letter (in our case, let E
remain).
Click Next.
Leave all settings as they are because for
modern versions of Windows operating system,
NTFS is the optimal choice.
Click Next.
Now click Ready and wait for a while.
Disk E appears in the Explorer.
But if you installed a new hard disk in your
computer and it is not shown in the Explorer,
you should go to the Disk Management utility
and check if the system has an uninitialized
disk as in this example.
In this case, right-click on this area and
choose to initialize disk
Select the partition type.
It’s either MBR or GPT.
I’d recommend choosing GPT if you have a
modern computer with UEFI; if your computer
doesn’t support UEFI or you don’t know
it for sure, then choose MBR.
Click OK.
The disk is initialized but it will not be
shown in the Explorer anyway because there
is an unallocated area there.
To initialize it, right-click on such area
and select “Create a simple volume.”
Then we do the same things as we did in the
previous example.
As a result, disk F appears in the Explorer.
I hope this information was useful for you.
Thanks for watching.
|
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Isabelle Camus au chevet de Laeticia Hallyday : la fille de l’ancien manager de Johnny veille sur elle
Depuis des semaines, Laeticia Hallyday est dans la tourmente.
En choisissant de léguer toute sa fortune à sa dernière épouse, Johnny Hallyday a mis sa compagne dans une situation quelque peu inconfortable.
Pire, elle est même devenue la bête noire de David Hallyday et Laura Smet, qui ont décidé de contester le testament de leur père Johnny devant la justice, non contents d'avoir été écartés de l'héritage au profit de leur belle-mère.
Heureusement, Laeticia Hallyday peut compter sur le soutien de ses amies proches, toujours prêtes à se rendre disponible.
C'est le cas d'Isabelle Camus qui a été aperçue aux côtés de la mère de Jade et Joy le 26 mai dernier.
Les deux femmes ont été photographiées alors qu'elles faisaient des courses dans un drugstore de Pacific Palisades.
Accompagnées par les deux fillettes, Isabelle Camus et Laeticia Hallyday ont également fait une petite pause au Little Beach House Malibu.
C'est la deuxième fois que la fille de Jean-Claude Camus, l'ancien manager de Johnny Hallyday, vient épauler la dernière épouse du rockeur.
Dans sa garde rapprochée, la veuve du Taulier peut également compter sur le précieux soutien de sa complice Alessandra Sublet, mais également sur l'oreille attentive d'Hoda Roche ou encore sur la tendresse de Marie Poniatowski.
Des copines fidèles au poste qui ne sont pas près de la lâcher.
.
|
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>> YEAH, SHE’S AUSTRALIAN. WE HAVE BIG NEWS WE’D LIKE TO
WE HAVE BIG NEWS WE’D LIKE TO LEAD OUR BROADCAST WITH.
LEAD OUR BROADCAST WITH. >> YES, BREAKING NEWS.
>> YES, BREAKING NEWS. >> A DEAR, DEAR FRIEND OF OURS
>> A DEAR, DEAR FRIEND OF OURS MAY, MAY BE GETTING HER OWN TALK
MAY, MAY BE GETTING HER OWN TALK SHOW.
SHOW. >> YES.
>> YES. I THINK IT’S A GREAT IDEA.
I THINK IT’S A GREAT IDEA. >> WE LOVE HER.
>> WE LOVE HER. >> "THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER" --
>> "THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER" -- >> YES, THEY’RE CONFIRMING THIS
>> YES, THEY’RE CONFIRMING THIS RUMOR.
RUMOR. >> THE PROCESS OF FILMING A
>> THE PROCESS OF FILMING A PILOT WITH PLANS FOR A POTENTIAL
PILOT WITH PLANS FOR A POTENTIAL DEBUT NEXT YEAR.
DEBUT NEXT YEAR. >> SO THE QUESTION IS, WHO ARE
>> SO THE QUESTION IS, WHO ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?
WE TALKING ABOUT? >> KELLY CLARKSON!
>> KELLY CLARKSON! >> BY THE WAY --
>> BY THE WAY -- >> GREAT, GREAT, GREAT IDEA.
>> GREAT, GREAT, GREAT IDEA. SHE’S A NATURAL.
SHE’S A NATURAL. >> SHE’S AUTHENTIC, SHE’S REAL,
>> SHE’S AUTHENTIC, SHE’S REAL, SHE’S HERSELF.
SHE’S HERSELF. >> SHE’S FUN, SHE’S
>> SHE’S FUN, SHE’S UNPREDICTABLE.
UNPREDICTABLE. >> SHE’S HISYSTERICAL, SHE’S
>> SHE’S HISYSTERICAL, SHE’S TALENTED.
TALENTED. >> NOTHING IN THE WORLD SHE
>> NOTHING IN THE WORLD SHE CAN’T DO.
CAN’T DO. SHE’LL BE SUCCESSFUL, I BELIEVE.
SHE’LL BE SUCCESSFUL, I BELIEVE. >> THE REASON WE KNOW SHE’S
>> THE REASON WE KNOW SHE’S GOING TO BE SUCCESSFUL, AND WE
GOING TO BE SUCCESSFUL, AND WE DO KNOW IT, IS BECAUSE WE HAVE
DO KNOW IT, IS BECAUSE WE HAVE PROOF.
PROOF. TAKE A LOOK.
TAKE A LOOK. >> KELLY CLARKSON!
>> KELLY CLARKSON! YES!
YES! LOOK WHAT WE FOUND.
LOOK WHAT WE FOUND. THIS WAS SO WEIRD.
THIS WAS SO WEIRD. WE’RE IN THE COMMERCIAL BREAK
WE’RE IN THE COMMERCIAL BREAK AND WE HAVE REMY AND RIVER.
AND WE HAVE REMY AND RIVER. >> THOSE TINY HOLES ARE ACTING
>> THOSE TINY HOLES ARE ACTING AS BUBBLE WANDS.
AS BUBBLE WANDS. >> MINE WAS THE SADDEST BUBBLE
>> MINE WAS THE SADDEST BUBBLE THING EVER.
THING EVER. >> LOOK AT HODA’S OVER HERE.
>> LOOK AT HODA’S OVER HERE. >> YOURS IS AMAZING.
>> YOURS IS AMAZING. >> THAT’S RIVER ROSE PETTING THE
>> THAT’S RIVER ROSE PETTING THE LITTLE PUPPY.
LITTLE PUPPY. >> AMAZING!
>> AMAZING! >> YES, YOU ARE AMAZING.
>> YES, YOU ARE AMAZING. >> WE’RE EXCITED FOR HER.
>> WE’RE EXCITED FOR HER. IT’S TRUE.
IT’S TRUE. THEY WOULDN’T BE REPORTING THAT
THEY WOULDN’T BE REPORTING THAT ONE.
ONE. >> I THINK THAT ONE IS TRUE TOO.
>> I THINK THAT ONE IS TRUE TOO. WE SHOULD MENTION THE PILOT IS
WE SHOULD MENTION THE PILOT IS BEING SHOT BY NBC UNIVERSAL
BEING SHOT BY NBC UNIVERSAL TELEVISION.
TELEVISION. DID WE CALL TO ASK IF IT WAS
DID WE CALL TO ASK IF IT WAS CONFIRMED?
CONFIRMED? >> THAT IS OUR COMPANY, AND THEY
>> THAT IS OUR COMPANY, AND THEY WILL NOT RETURN OUR CALLS.
WILL NOT RETURN OUR CALLS. >> WE COULD NOT GET IT
>> WE COULD NOT GET IT CONFIRMED.
CONFIRMED. IF THERE’S A NEED AND YOU CAN
IF THERE’S A NEED AND YOU CAN FILL IT --
FILL IT -- >> FIND A NICHE AND FILL IT.
>> FIND A NICHE AND FILL IT. >> SHE’S GOT IT, MAN.
|
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¿Qué harías si pudieras controlar
tus sueños?
¿Volarías, viajarías por el universo,
aprenderías más acerca de ti
o manifestarías cosas en tu vida?
En su lugar, durante la noche,
soñamos cosas extrañas que
la mayoría del tiempo no tienen
mucho significado para nosotros
o tal vez, no nos damos cuenta
del significado.
¿Y si te dijera que cada ser humano
tiene esta habilidad oculta
la cual, si se domina, nos permitiría
controlar nuestros sueños por completo?
Eso, nos permitiría usar nuestras
horas de sueño para explorar,
aprender más acerca de nosotros
mismos, sanar y entrar al hoyo del conejo
de nuestra imaginación.
Antes de continuar, nos gustaría
agradecer a nuestros amigos de Skillshare
por patrocinar este video.
Skillshare es una comunidad online
de aprendizaje con miles de clases
en diseño, negocios, tecnología
y más.
Es una plataforma educativa online
que ofrece más de 25 mil clases.
Su misión, es cerrar la brecha de
las habilidades profesionales
y proveer acceso universal a
aprendizaje de alta calidad.
Me encantaron sus clases de
caligrafía, las cuales enseñan el arte
antiguo de la caligrafía, junto con
sus clases de ilustración las cuales
pueden ayudarte a dar vida a
todas tus visiones e ideas.
Haz click en la descripción de abajo
y pide tus 2 meses de acceso gratis.
El precio después de la prueba
gratis es de unos $ 10 por mes.
Explora miles de clases y estimula
tu creatividad y carrera con Skillshare.
Los sueños vividos no nos algo nuevo,
se ha conocido y practicado
desde tiempos antiguos; es parte
de una práctica hindú antigua de
Yoga Nidra y la práctica del Tíbet
de Yoga del Sueño.
En el Oeste, el concepto de sueños
lucidos es también muy antiguo.
Los sueños tuvieron una posición
privilegiada en el nacimiento de la
filosofía griega; Sócrates, Platón
y Aristóteles se refirieron
a sus consultas en la naturaleza de
la realidad a través de viajes nocturnos.
Los sueños lucidos fueron descritos
por primera vez por Aristóteles
en sus estudios de los sueños.
Aristóteles escribió:
"Cuando uno duerme,
hay algo en la conciencia que nos dice
que lo se nos presenta no es un sueño".
El famoso doctor antiguo Galeno
de Pérgamo usó ensoñaciones lucidas
como parte de su práctica médica.
Los sueños lucidos pudieron haber
sido una parte muy intrica
en la historia islámica.
El Lailat al Miraj del profeta Muhammad
es el cuento de una visión nocturna
que le dio iniciación espiritual.
El Andalusiano del siglo XII
Sufi Ibin al-Arabi sugirió que
controlar el pensamiento en los
sueños es una habilidad esencial
para poder aspirar a lo místico.
300 años después, el místico Sufi
Shamsoddin Lahiji registró
una visión nocturna inspiradora de
los cielos que también pudo haber sido
una experiencia de un sueño lucido,
debido a las diferencias culturales
e históricas entre la distinción de las
visiones y los sueños, es imposible
saber con seguridad que los cuentos
así como las profecías de Muhammad
ocurrieron durante los estados
de sueños o de visiones,
pero sin duda son lucidos.
Exploremos los experimentos científicos
y registros acerca de sueños lucidos
juntos con los conocidos creadores
que lo practicaron para cumplir sus metas.
Al final, compartiremos los métodos mas
poderosos que puedes usar
para experimentar sueños lucidos
exitosamente.
Aunque cosas raras e imposibles
pasan en nuestros sueños,
usualmente nos damos cuenta que
era un sueño luego de despertar.
Soñar lucidamente es básicamente
cuando estas despierto o lucido
dentro de tu sueño y cuando te das
cuenta que estas soñando
y que tú eres el soñador, cuando
estas lucido puedes tomar el control
de tu sueño y luego, puedes abrirte
a las posibilidades de canalizar
el potencial infinito creativo de la
mente humana.
Los sueños lucidos se demostraron
científicamente en 1975,
luego de que el Dr. Keith Hearne
decidió realizar un experimento
debido a que testimonios subjetivos
de soñadores lucidos
podían ser la prueba del fenómeno.
Para este experimento el Dr. Hearne
intentaba recibir señales consientes
de los pacientes mientras seguían
soñando.
Si alguien podía darle una señal al
doctor desde sus sueños
entonces esto probaría que los sueños
lucidos son reales.
Cuando soñamos, a diferencia de
otra parte de nuestro cuerpo
nuestros ojos pueden seguir moviéndose
y los sueños ocurren durante los
estados de movimientos rápidos de los
ojos, también conocido como Estados REM.
Lo que el Dr. Hearne propuso fue,
si el paciente podía enviar señales
consientes con sus ojos, moviéndolos
de cierta forma mientras seguía soñando,
eso confirmaría que estaba lucido
durante su sueño.
El Dr. Hearne y los pacientes acordaron
un conjunto de movimientos oculares,
estas señales serian un mensaje dado por
el paciente desde el mundo de los sueños
a nuestra realidad despierta, lo que
confirmaría que el sujeto estaba
completamente lucido en su estado
de sueño, un dispositivo de registro visual
haría seguimiento y registraría todos
los movimientos de los ojos
hechos por los pacientes, y la señal
era de 7 a 8 movimientos oculares
de izquierda a derecha.
Al comienzo del experimento,
los pacientes hacian movimientos
oculares aleatorios mientras estaban
en el Sueño REM, como lo hacemos todos
cuando dormimos; estos movimientos
eran completamente aleatorios
y completamente diferentes a los
movimientos antes acordados.
De la nada, cuando los pacientes
estaban lucidos, comenzaron
a controlar sus movimientos oculares
e hicieron los acordados movimientos
de izquierda a derecha 7 veces,
confirmando que estaban lucidos.
Los resultados fueron muy exitosos.
Muchos otros experimentos fueron
realizados, y todos demostraron
que el fenómeno de los sueños lucidos
era real y quienes lo practicaban
estaban completamente conscientes
mientras estaban en el mundo del sueño.
Pero su el sueño lucido es real,
y todos podemos hacerlo,
¿hay beneficios en él?
Los sueños lucidos son más que solo
tener un sueño vivido,
tiene un elemento extra.
Uno puede tener control total sobre
la realidad que él o ella experimenta.
Cuando accedemos a este estado es
posible acceder a niveles más profundos
de la mente, las cuales de otra forma
son inaccesibles.
En un sueño lucido estamos en contacto
directo con nuestro subconsciente
y es posible crear y cambiar programas
y sistemas de creencia
desde los niveles más profundos de
nuestras mentes.
Es lo mismo a cambiar el programa
y configuración de una computadora
directamente desde adentro del
panel de control.
Los beneficios de esta increíble
habilidad son genuinamente increíbles.
Un experimento reciente publicado
por la revista de neurociencia
determinó que la gente con sueños
lucidos indicaron tener una habilidad
mayor para reflejar en su estado
mental.
Un grupo de científicos en Alemania
llevaron a cabo una investigación
de largo alcance, y al final,
encontraron lo que es único y diferente
en el cerebro de las personas que
practican regularmente el sueño lucido.
Llevaron a cabo escáneres cerebrales
en varias personas que supuestamente
tenían sueños lucidos seguido.
Descubrieron que la zona del cerebro
responsable de la autorreflexión
entre otras, es significativamente
más grande entre los soñadores lucidos.
La corteza prefrontal anterior es
también responsable de
ejecutar filtros, decidiendo qué
acciones o pensamientos son relevantes
y cuáles son irrelevantes.
En el lanzamiento público de su
investigación, la Dra. Elisa Filevich
líder del estudio, indicó:
"Nuestros resultados indican que
la autorreflexión en la vida diaria
es más pronunciada en personas que
pueden fácilmente controlar sus sueños".
Los investigadores luego quisieron
saber si las habilidades cognitivas
pueden ser entrenadas.
En un estudio de seguimiento,
intentaron entrenar a voluntarios
en el sueño lucido para examinar
si esto mejoraba la capacidad
de la autorreflexión y los resultados
fueron exitosos.
Aparentemente, el sueño lucido nos
puede ayudar a ser más conscientes,
encontrar respuestas, mejorar la
creatividad, mejorar el poder de la
visualización, ayudarnos a curarnos
de miedos o traumas pasados,
y mucho más.
Una vez sabes que estas soñando,
puedes hacer lo que sea tu mente imagine
sin obedecer las leyes de la sociedad
y de la física, permitiéndote liberar
el potencial de tu cerebro y directamente
acceder, comunicarte y reescribir
tu mente consciente.
A través de nuestra historia han
habido muchos genios,
tales como Nikola Tesla,
Albert Einstein y muchos otros
que usaron el sueño lucido para
ayudar en sus más grandes logros.
En el libro Mis Invenciones,
La Autobiografía de Nikola Tesla,
Tesla indicó:
"Cada noche, y algunas veces
durante el día, cuando estoy solo,
comenzaría mis viajes, ver nuevos
lugares, ciudades y países;
vivir ahí, conocer personas y hacer
amistades y conocidos y,
aunque parezca increíble, es como
un hecho que ellos fueron tan queridos
para mí como aquellos de la vida real,
y no menos intensos en sus manifestaciones.
Hice esto constantemente hasta mis
17 años, cuando mis pensamientos
se concentraron en la invención.
Luego observé para mi deleite que
podía visualizar con gran facilidad.
No necesitaba modelos, dibujos o
experimentos.
Podía imaginarlo todo como
reales en mi mente.
Mi método es diferente.
No me apresuro al trabajo real.
Cuando tengo una idea comienzo a
construirla en mi imaginación.
Cambio la construcción, hago mejoras
y opero el dispositivo en mi mente.
Me es absolutamente inmaterial ya
sea que haga funcionar mi turbina
en el pensamiento o hacerlo en mi
taller.
Incluso veo si esta fuera de balance.
No hay diferencia, los resultados
son los mismos.
De esta forma soy capaz de desarrollar
rápida y perfectamente un concepto
sin tocar nada.
Cuando he ido tan lejos como para dar
cuerpo en el invento cualquier
mejora posible que pueda pensar
y ver que no hay falla alguna,
llevo a una forma concreta este
producto final de mi cerebro.
Invariablemente mi dispositivo
funciona como concebí que debería,
y el experimento sale exactamente
como lo había planeado.
En 20 años no ha habido una sola
excepción.
¿Por qué debería ser de otra forma?
Tesla era conocido por poseer
capacidades mentales extraordinarias
tales como audición aguda y
habilidades de visualización
fuera de serie, que eran tan vividas
que no necesitaría tomar notas
de sus experimentos pensados.
Sus habilidades de visualización
le permitieron llevar a cabo
experimentos de sueños mientras
estaba despierto en el laboratorio.
Básicamente, tuvo un laboratorio
virtual en su mente.
Tesla estaba en un nivel superior
del estado del sueño vivido,
y como resultado podía hacer
experimentos más rápidamente
que la mayoría de nosotros.
Otro científico famoso, Albert Einstein,
hizo un descubrimiento que cambiaría
nuestro entendimiento de la física
y del universo, y aparentemente
este descubrimiento fue hecho durante
un sueño vivido.
Cuando sucedió, llegó al logro
científico, descubriendo
el principio de la relatividad
luego de tener un sueño lucido.
Los Sueños de Einstein de Alan Lightman
es ahora un clásico moderno,
un collage de historias soñadas por
Albert Einstein en 1905
al borde de sus descubrimientos
revolucionarios.
En un aspecto de la imaginación
de Einstein,
"el tiempo es circular, por lo que las
personas están destinadas a repetir
sus triunfos y fracasos una y
otra vez..."
En otro, "el tiempo no se mueve,
en donde los amantes se adhieren
juntos en la eternidad".
En otro, "el tiempo es un ruiseñor,
atrapado en una campana de cristal".
Hay algunas citas de Einstein,
tales como:
"La realidad es meramente una
ilusión, aunque una muy persistente".
"La imaginación lo es todo.
Es el anticipo de las atracciones
futuras de la vida".
Y, "El tiempo es una ilusión".
A través de estas citas, parece que
constantemente cuestionó
si la realidad era real o solo una
ilusión, y usualmente estas preguntas
son normales para aquellos que han
experimentado sueños lucidos.
Debido a que Einstein no anunció
oficialmente que tenía sueños lucidos,
solo podemos especular si uso esta
increíble capacidad para liberar
el potencial completo de su cerebro.
Pero, de cualquier forma, parece
claro que usó visualizaciones y técnicas
poderosas para descubrir algunas de
sus teorías, incluyendo
la Teoría de la Relatividad.
Srinivasa Ramanujan, tal vez el
mayor matemático en la historia
de la humanidad también practicó
sueños lucidos.
El genio matemático hizo contribuciones
sustanciales a la teoría analítica
de los números, funciones elípticas,
fracciones continuas y series infinitas,
y demostró más de 3 mil teoremas
matemáticos en su vida.
Ramanujan indicó que la fuente
de su trabajo le apareció
en sus sueños en varias ocasiones.
Dijo que a través de su vida soñó
repetitivamente sobre una Diosa Hindú
conocida como Namakkal, y una vez estaba
lucido en sus sueños,
la diosa aparecía y se presentaba
con fórmulas matemáticas complejas
una y otra vez, las cuales el probaría
y verificaría al despertar.
Tal ejemplo fue la serie infinita de Pi.
Describiendo uno de sus muchos
sueños matemáticos, Ramanujan dijo:
"Mientras dormía tuve una experiencia
inusual.
Había una pantalla roja formada
por sangre que fluye, por decirlo así.
La observaba.
De repente una mano comenzó
a escribir en la pantalla.
Presté mucha atención.
Esa mano escribió un numero de
resultados en integrales elípticas.
Se me grabaron en la mente.
Tan pronto me desperté, las escribí..."
Estoy segura de que tan pronto
comenzamos a hablar del sueño lucido
recordaron la película "El Origen"
con Leonardo DiCaprio.
Leo ha anunciado públicamente que
incluso antes de esta película
ya era un soñador lucido,
practicándolo con frecuencia.
El famoso psicólogo Carl Jung
era un gran creyente del poder interno
y del poder de la mente inconsciente.
Así, estudiando interpretación de
sueños y registrando extensamente
sus propios sueños.
Uno de sus libros más notorios,
El Libro Rojo, era un viaje
al auto descubrimiento y una masiva
colección de sus sueños, fantasías
y dibujos psicodélicos.
"Así, he llegado al lugar correcto",
Jung escribió en un dialogo ficticio.
"He deambulado por mucho tiempo
por todo el mundo, buscando a aquellos
como tú, quienes se sientan en una
alta torre buscando lo no visto".
Para alguien que ha estudiado
extensamente el poder de los sueños,
no sería sorprendente que también
fuera un soñador lucido.
Stephen King supuestamente,
también recibió inspiración
de los estados de sus sueños lucidos.
Escribe al respecto en su novela de
1995, Insomnio, un cuento extraordinario
acerca de un hombre con insomnio
que comenzó a ver auras brillantes
y luego alucinaciones más perturbadoras
al deteriorarse su condición.
Otra pista que indica que Stephen
King puede ser un soñador lúcido
es cómo él encuentra inspiración
para sus novelas.
En una entrevista con el reportero
del Reino Unido Stan Nicholls
respecto a la inspiración para
Miseria, King dijo:
"Como las ideas para algunas de mis otras
novelas, esa también me llegó en un sueño".
Y en una entrevista con Naomi Apple,
King dijo:
"Siempre usé los sueños de la forma
en que usarías espejos para ver algo
que no podrías ver de frente,
de la forma que usas un espejo
para ver tu cabello en la parte de atrás.
Para mí, eso es lo que los sueños
se suponen deben hacer.
Creo que los sueños son una forma
en que la mente de las personas ilustra
la naturaleza de sus problemas.
O tal vez, incluso ilustrar las respuestas
de sus problemas en un lenguaje simbólico".
Stephen King también dijo:
"Tanto en la escritura como en el
sueño, aprendemos a estar
físicamente quietos al mismo tiempo
en que alentamos a nuestras mentes
para desbloquear desde el pensamiento
racional monótono de nuestras vidas diarias.
Y mientras tu mente y cuerpo se
acostumbra a cierta cantidad de sueño
cada noche, 6 horas, 7, tal vez las
recomendadas 8; puedes entrenar
tu mente despierta para dormir
creativamente y trabajar los sueños
vívidamente imaginados, los cuales
son exitosos trabajos de la ficción".
King continuamente se refirió a la
escritura a algo similar a soñar despierto,
y cómo es importante estar imperturbable
en tu proceso de escritura,
al igual a como cuando duermes,
para que puedas llegar a ese estado
y acceder al potencial creativo completo
de tu cerebro, o como otros dirían
el potencial creativo completo
de tu mente subconsciente.
Estas son solo unas pocas de las
maravillosas personalidades del mundo
que han incursionado en los sueños
lucidos.
Mira cuánto conocimiento e inspiración
cada uno ha dado al mundo.
Los sueños lucidos abren nuevas
puertas, no es coincidencia
que tantas mentes maravillosas hayan
encontrado conocimiento e ideas
en sus sueños; al conectarse y
comunicarse directamente con nuestra
mente subconsciente, podemos libera
todo el potencial de nuestro cerebro
y cumplir realmente el propósito de
nuestra vida al crear.
Luego de toda la información compartida
probablemente estas ansioso en
probar los sueños lucidos, preguntándote
cómo comenzar y cómo hacerlo.
El dominio real del sueño lucido no
ocurre en el mundo de los sueños,
comienza en la vida despierta.
Lo primero que necesitas hacer
antes de pensar en los sueños lucidos,
es hacer tu cuarto hospedable para
los sueños.
Los sueños ocurren durante los
movimientos rápidos de los ojos,
el ultimo escenario de tu ciclo de sueño,
y para llegar a ese escenario
debes tener una profunda y mejor
calidad de tu sueño.
Mantén tu habitación tan oscura,
tranquila y silenciosa como sea posible.
Antes de ir a la cama, sigue una
rutina calmada para la hora de dormir.
actividades relajantes y atractivas como
desconectarte de tus dispositivos electrónicos,
tomar un baño con agua tibia,
o practicar aromaterapia,
o meditación.
Ten un diario de sueños.
Un paso clave para tener éxito en el
sueño lucido es sintonizar con tus sueños.
Mantén el diario de sueños junto a
tu cama, y al momento de despertar
escribe lo que recuerdes de tu sueño.
Si piensas más rápido de lo que escribes,
trata grabando tus recuerdos
como un memo de voz en tu teléfono.
Hay muchas aplicaciones de diarios
de sueños, así que no te preocupes.
Reconoce tus señales de sueño,
no solo registres tus sueños en tu diario
para dejarlo así, revisa tu diario de
sueños con regularidad
y busca cualquier patrón, rastrea
tus sueños para aprender los temas
de los paisajes; si sueñas con un
pariente pasado o con la casa de tu niñez,
tu mente comenzará a reconocerlo
inmediatamente como un sueño.
La meta es estar consciente de estos
motivos, para que tu mente te alerte
en tu estado de sueño.
Mientras más consciente estés de tus
señales de sueño, más rápido podrás
identificar cuándo estas en un
estado de sueño.
Haz chequeos de realidad.
Si quieres estar consciente en conciencia
en tus sueños, tienes que comenzar a
cuestionarte sobre la realidad diaria
como si fuera un sueño, lo que podría ser.
La mejor manera de entrenar tu
cerebro para cuestionar la realidad
es tomar al menos 5 descansos al día
y preguntarte:
Espera un momento, ¿es esto un sueño?
¿Es algo de esto real?
Una técnica poderosa que puede
ayudarte a descubrir si estas soñando
es mirar continuamente el reloj y
preguntarte si esto es un sueño.
Si de hecho estas en un sueño,
el reloj se comportará extrañamente,
probablemente girando al revés
o rotando como loco.
Si has visto eso en tus sueños,
entenderás que estas soñando
e instantáneamente estarás lucido.
Esta es la razón por el cual es una
forma poderosa de entrenar tu cerebro
para cuestionar la realidad.
Puedes hacer chequeos de la realidad al
mirar la página de un texto en un libro
luego mira rápidamente a otro lado
y regresa la mirada,
en un sueño, el texto probablemente
cambiará, pero en el mundo real seguirá igual.
También podrías observar con detalle
tus manos y pies,
estos suelen distorsionarse en los
sueños.
Otra cosa que puedes hacer es intentar
empujar tu dedo índice de una mano
a través de la palma de tu mano opuesta.
Hazlo con la expectativa de que serás
capaz de hacer que pase
mientras te preguntas tanto antes
como después, si estas soñando.
En un sueño esto pasaría, aunque
no funcionaría en la realidad.
Al tener la mente abierta y cuestionar
tu realidad de antes y después
te ayudas a reconocer si estas
soñando o no, además al hacerlo un habito
eventualmente repetirás el mismo
experimento en tu sueño
y cuando tu dedo atraviese,
sabrás que estas soñando.
Establece una intención, antes de dormir
di:
Recordaré mis sueños.
Tendré un sueño lucido.
Esta afirmación se establece en tu
mente y cuerpo, la posibilidad fértil
para que ocurra.
Cuando puedes entrar en un estado
de sueño con la clara intención
de lo que quieres experimentar,
tu cerebro puede fácilmente
conspirar para para orquestar
esto en el sueño lucido.
Cuando despiertes de un sueño,
quédate en la cama mientras escribes
lo que sea que recuerdes en
tu diario de sueños.
Luego, cierra los ojos y trata de volver
a dormir, concentrándote en el sueño.
Reproduce el sueño en tu mente,
pero esta vez imagina que
sabes que estas soñando.
Sigue concentrándote en esto
mientras vuelves a quedarte dormido.
También puedes intentar este método
alternativo, conocido como
Despertar inducido del Sueño lúcido.
Cuando se desactive tu alarma, haz lo
posible por mantener los ojos cerrados,
querrás volver a dormir lo más pronto
posible, así que no te preocupes
en escribir tu sueño en el diario.
Mientras estés en la cama con los
ojos cerrados, mantén tu mente
concentrada y consciente para poder
aumentar la oportunidad de experimentar
un sueño lucido.
Sin embargo, al mantener tu mente
despierta mientras dejas que tu cuerpo
se vuelva a dormir, puedes experimentar una
sensación conocida como parálisis del sueño
esto puede ser muy desconcertante para
algunas personas ya que tu cuerpo
se sentirá incapaz de moverse mientras
entra de nuevo en el sueño.
Mientras pasa, recuerda que estas
a salvo y que estás haciendo esto
para que puedas soñar lucidamente.
Usa la técnica Wake Back To Bed.
Esta técnica involucra establecer
una alarma para maximizar las posibilidades
de despertar durante el sueño REM
para que cuando vuelvas a dormir
sea más probable que entres de nuevo
al sueño.
Establece una alarma para que se
active 6 o 7 horas después de
quedarte dormido, solo elige una de
esas dos veces.
La marca de 6 o 7 horas hara que
sea más probable que te atrape
durante un escenario REM de sueño,
ya que el sueño REM dura mas
en la segunda porción de la noche.
Cuando la alarme se active, quédate
despierto de 30 a 60 minutos,
luego de escribir tu sueño en tu diario
sal de la cama y haz algo.
Querrás que tu cuerpo se despierte
mientras que tu cuerpo sigue con sueño.
Luego, regresa a la cama, concéntrate
en tu sueño e intenta quedarte dormido.
No recomendamos este método como
una práctica a largo plazo
ya que interrumpe tu sueño REM
lo que causará privación del sueño
el cual tiene consecuencias de corto
como de largo plazo en tu salud.
Comienza a jugar juegos de video,
si quieres jugas más aquí una gran excusa.
Este estudio de 2017 descubrió que
jugar videojuegos con frecuencia
se asocia con una mejor habilidad
para recordar tus sueños,
tanto los lucidos como los regulares.
La correlación tiene sentido, ya que
los jugadores se emergen frecuentemente
en un mundo ficticio y vibrante en donde
tienen control de sus movimientos
y de algunos aspectos de la trama.
Según este estudio, jugar videojuegos
puede aumentar tu recuerdo del sueño,
solo asegúrate de dejar el control al
menos una hora antes de ir a la cama
para que puedas poner tu mente
en un estado más descansado
antes de dormir.
Intenta que tu sueño siga, si comienzas
a experimentar sueños lucidos
¡felicidades! No te alteres si tienes
falsos comienzos al principio,
al principio es muy común tener
dificultad en pasar mucho tiempo
en el sueño; muchos soñadores
lucidos principiantes se emocionan
al darse cuenta que están en sueño
lucido, que inadvertidamente se despiertan
o su mente apenas se está acostumbrando
a la sensación, por lo que no se quedan
en él por mucho tiempo.
Para prolongar tu sueño,
intenta uno de estos tips.
Los soñadores lucidos profesionales
sugieren que esta ayuda te establece
en el estado del sueño y distrae tu
mente de las sensaciones físicas
de despertarse.
Cae de espaldas o da vueltas en el
sueño.
Frota tus manos entre sí en el sueño.
Sigue haciendo lo que sea que estabas
haciendo en el sueño e intenta
convencerte que sigues en el sueño.
Si quieres profundizar más en los
sueños lucidos y dominar las técnicas
del sueño lucido, puedes unirte a Danilo
de HoloVibes, quien ha aprendido
y experimentado los sueños lucidos
durante su retiro de oscuridad de 49 días
y ha publicado recientemente este
increíble video sobre los sueños lucidos.
Haz clic en la esquina superior derecha
para mirarlo o en el link de la descripción.
Contrario a lo que muchos piensan,
los sueños lucidos es una forma
muy segura y natural de tomar control
sobre los procesos de nuestra
mente y pensamientos, practicando y
aprendiendo cómo estar lucidos
en tus sueños hará que estés mas
consciente de tus acciones y alrededores
y también nos dará la habilidad de
experimentar lo que sea que imaginemos
dándonos confianza y seguridad que
incluso en nuestro mundo despierto
podemos lograr lo que sea que
deseemos.
Si alguna vez has tenido un sueño
lucido, por favor comparte tu experiencia
en los comentarios.
Gracias por vernos, no olvides
hacer click en el link de la descripción
para reclamar tu membresía gratis
de 2 meses en Skillshare.
Estamos seguros que encontraras
unos increíbles cursos y aprenderás
muchas habilidades nuevas.
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hello everyone i hope you are fine this is a
first lecture of our academic
lectures in linguistics so today I'll
ask you a question do you know what is
difference between language and
linguistics so what is language and
do you think that part and parcel of
human being to make use of language so
if we come to ask ourselves what's the
meaning of language what's a little
human language so when we have many
expressions telling you about
this is the language of music the
language of birds the language of flowers
language of love and so on
you listen to many exhibitions making
use of the word language then what's
the meaning of language? so the natural answer
for the natural question what is a human
language is a human language is a
means of communication that is to say human
language is a medium made use by humans
to achieve a sort of communication do
you say they are communicating meanings
with one another by means of the human
language however we have some
expressions metaphorically made use by
everyone around us every day so we had
expressions of the language of music you
then get your birds within bridge of
flowers the language of love so what
does it mean? of course every
metaphorical expressions of these
is meant to communicate a sort of meaning
that is to say when you listen to music
that is you are communicating a lovely
meaning to yourself when you let someone
else listen to the same music sit and
say you are trying to transport that
feelings of happiness to that one of
course also the way the same way
well the buds which communicated with
one another at the same time let us see
the sweetness of their voice or sounds
also I can ask myself another question
well it's not about the language itself
it's about the science of language
linguistics so another question must be
asked to you as a student what is
linguistics and if there is a difference
between language and linguistics of
course yes so if language on a human
language is the medium of communication
the medium of achieving a sort of
intelligibility between people are the
people within societies in a gavel
Society linguistics is a systematic
study of human language they will say it
is a systematic study of language it is
basically meant to answer certain
questions about a human language for
example the question of how does a human
language work so if the districts are to
answer the question of what is a human
language how does a human language work
however when we go deep in the meaning
of this systematic study of language
which meant by linguistics we will find
certain specification within the scope
of ingresses so when we go to the
minimum essence of language starting
by the sounds of language so the
systematic study of the sounds of
language or the sound patterns this is a
branch of linguistics is known as
phonetics and phonology however when we
come to the idea of the study of the
word formation so starting from the
morphine's so you say the word formation
the systematic study of word formation
this is morphology and when we come to
the upper step in the language
communication our formation to the level
of the words into one cluster there's
the study of syntax so the study of a
sentence structure so the term syntax is
the study of sentence structures and to
to see how a sentence is composed in a
given language to the structure of a
sentence however it doesn't mean that if we
have certain structures that we have a
linguistic form because sometimes we
have a set of structure yet these
structures lack the meaning; that is to say
we come to the
semantics this is a branch of
linguistics means the systematic study of
meaning - that is to say it doesn't mean that
we have the correct grammatical
structure that is we have a correct
grammatical meaning that is to say he might
have certain syntactic structure the good
syntactic structure but it lacks a meaning
that is to say when i have a sentence for
example like that of Noam Chomsky
it says that green ideas sleep
furiously so if we come to each word independently
that is, it has meaning however
when we come to the meaning of a
sentence we couldn't make a sense out of
zis collective meanings so when i say
green ideas so do we think that there is
a "great ideas" it's not now I'm speaking
literally not metaphorically you say you
like to say that we have green ideas
when effortless as this is amorphous
ideas that's not well ripen ideas no
I don't mean this but I mean they
collected meaning all the whole sentence
when I say that green ideas sleep
furiously so do you think that we have
green ID so if we suppose let me have
the green idea do you think that green
ideas sleep okay if we admit that is
good sleep so what I'd be furiously how
could it be furiously and at the same
time resting and sleep good so there's a
study of meaning so this is a branch of
linguistics known as semantics just
study of meaning another branch
which is the study of language within
society this is sociolinguistics the
study of language in use this is
pragmatics the study of language
development along the history that is
historical linguistics of course there are other
different types or branches of
linguistics that we will discuss in
detail whoever is the time to ask myself
and you at the same time what's the meaning of grammar
and is there is any relationship between
grammar and linguistics and when i mean
that is to say I mean grammar
the traditional meaning of grammar so
schoolers said that grammar is often
used in two meanings so narrow meaning
of grammar means that it's a synonym for
syntax that is to say grammar is a study of
the structure of a sentence so whether
it is correct or incorrect, grammatical
or nongrammatical so now it's the time
to ask yourself what is grammar and why
should i started my lectures whereas
teaching you grammar if we go to the
etymological origin of the word grammar
well the Greek word gramtike means the
art of good writing and when I say
the art of good writing it doesn't
mean that I speak about writing of
course no I mean that the art of
structuring within the language that is to say whether it is spoken or written
form, that is grammar just say when I mean
grammar and according to
to linguistics grammar could be seen in two
ways a narrow one and a wider one, the narrow one
we see grammar as a synonym for syntax
which is a study of the sentence structure
of sentence structure this is saying
together and it's narrow meaning means
it's syntax so how a sentence could be
correctly composed or structured. linguists
said the other meaning of the word grammar or
the other use of grammar is the wide
use and when I make use of that wide use
of grammar
I mean linguistics in its basic meanings
as you say grammar is used to be a
synonym of linguistics and basic
meanings when it's four or main four
branches phenomena phonetics and
phonology morphology syntax and
semantics as I say sometimes I make use
of that term grammar to refer to a
gamma linguistic structure from the perspective
of correctness or incorrectness
according to the four branches of
linguistics phonetics and phonology
morphology syntax and semantics the next
I will discuss what is the difference
between linguistics as a science and
traditional grammar I would be so
pleased to receive your comments
questions and suggestions if you find
this video helpful please drop a like
subscribe to my channel and press
notifications bell to get everything
new that's would help me a
lot to develop and promote my content
thank you very much for watching and see
you, salam
|
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everyone welcome back today we are
making apple cider vinegar and I know
there are tons of videos out there
online about how to make apple cider
vinegar and like I said in the pine
apple vinegar video a lot of them are
wrong and it's not wrong misleading or
perhaps they don't really understand the
science behind how cider vinegar is made
so I thought I'd do apple cider vinegar
pretty much the same as we did with the
pineapple vinegar video I'm going to
start out by juicing these apples
okay so what I have here is just over a
liter of apple juice it doesn't matter
what kind of apples you use use whatever
is available to you whatever is local
whatever is close whatever is at the
bottom of your fridge and you need to
use up and you want to juice them and if
you don't have a juicer that's fine if
you look at the pineapple video I just
use the blender you could use a blender
you could use a food processor
ultimately it's probably best to start
with just juice with as little pulp as
possible in it if you use a blender or
food processor
the pulp is going to be in it that's not
a problem it will settle out during the
first part of the process which is using
yeast to turn the sugars into alcohol
here's why I don't like most videos that
talk about how to make apple cider
vinegar making vinegar is a two-step
process you need an anaerobic step an
anaerobic step which is the first step
which is happens in the absence of
oxygen you're using yeast to convert
sugar to alcohol that step has to be
done first then the second step is
aerobic and we'll get to that in a
minute realistically at this point I
could put this bung on the top with an
airlock and the yeast that is naturally
occurring on the apples will start to
ferment you don't need to add anything
to this the yeast will start to ferment
they'll drive all of the oxygen out of
here through the airlock this will fill
up with carbon dioxide as soon as it
fills up with carbon dioxide the yeast
will start working faster and within a
day or two most of the sugar will be
gone and it will be replaced with carbon
dioxide alcohol and some flavors that
the yeast throw off here's something
that I'm going to tell you to do instead
instead of allowing the yeast that
occurs naturally on the apples to start
to work I would use a beer yeast a wine
Easter champagne yeast get them in a
little packet like this it doesn't take
very much to get the process started and
here's why first of all it could take
five or six days before the natural
yeast sort of builds up enough steam to
get fermenting so timewise this will
happen almost you know within hours
within five or six hours you'll start to
see some action in the airlock second
thing is the natural yeast you don't
know how flavorful it's going to be beer
yeast wine yeast or champagne yeast you
know that it's going to give off the
right flavors that you want never use
bread yeast bread yeast is definitely
not the right flavor profile it throws
off certain chemicals certain esters
certain alcohols that give a really sort
of strange taste of the whole whole
thing and the third thing is that the
natural yeast doesn't have the ability
to convert enough of the sugar into a
high enough alcohol amount as soon as
the alcohol amount gets up to like one
and a half percent by volume the natural
yeast gives out it can't do anymore
whereas beer wine or champagne yeast can
go even higher it could go
depending on how sugar your apples are
up to about 12%
higher alcohol better vinegar down the
road so these are really cheap and you
only need about a teaspoon worth of
these there's enough yeast in there to
do 30 liters and we've got one liter so
I've probably added too much already
so give it a little bit of a swirl you
could do this in any container that you
could put a stopper in an airlock on you
could use a old wine jug an old wine
bottle you could I don't know I've got
these beakers I thought it looked cool
it's going to allow us to see the
fermentation happening very easily in
the next step fermentation lock-in and
you just add a little bit of water in
the top and that's it for the first step
we'll just leave this on the counter
five or six days you'll see the action
in the bubbler stop and you'll know at
that point that you have reached the end
of the first step so come on back in
five or six days so but a week has gone
by and the airlock has stopped bubbling
and we've converted pretty much all of
the sugar in here to alcohol in fact
that happened in probably the first two
or three days I left it for a few more
days just to make sure that everything's
settled out so at this point what you
need is a large open mouth container it
could be anything it doesn't have to be
a beaker like this as long as you can
cover it with a piece of cheesecloth and
I would suggest using a really good
cheesecloth not super market cheesecloth
the holes in that are too big and you
don't want fruit flies to get in because
they will be attracted to this so we
will take what's in here and there's a
layer on the bottom of sediment you
don't want to pour that in well that
smells good you know what you could pour
it in if you wanted to but you're just
gonna have to strain it out later so if
you can be careful try to leave it in
the bottom and that is really just Apple
sludge and yeasts
there you go
so let's give that a taste I would
encourage you to taste everything at
pretty much every step of the process oh
that's good
tart happily that'd be good just you
know cold sitting in the back yard
instead of a beer so at this point if
you've never made apple cider vinegar
before you've got a couple of choices if
you have made apple cider vinegar before
then you already have a mother that you
can add from your last batch but if you
haven't if this is your first time
making vinegar you've got a couple of
different choices to make and you can
just cover this with cheesecloth stick
it over there on the counter and forget
about it there is a Siegel backer which
is the the next process there is a Seto
bacter everywhere it's in the air it's
on the countertop it's on your body it's
on any fruit that you've got in your in
your kitchen it's all around us and that
acetobacter will eventually find its way
into here and start the next process
which is converting the alcohol to
acetic acid which makes vinegar a couple
problems with that I use the word
eventually because it could take two or
three weeks before it really starts to
get going the acetobacter that's in the
air isn't isn't in a high concentration
so it needs to get in there needs to
establish itself it needs to start
working and that could take some time
the second thing is you don't know which
strain of acetobacter is in the air it
could be a strain that gives a really
good flavor it could be a strain that
gives a really bad flavor so you want to
start it with a strain that you know is
going to give a good flavor I mean why
wouldn't you you eventually want to eat
this drink this use it in salads however
so you want it to taste good so you can
buy online a strain of acetobacter that
would make a really good mother
for this or you could just get raw
unfiltered apple cider vinegar from the
grocery store
the acetobacter or the mother is in here
and it has to be raw has to be
unfiltered unpasteurized and you just
put a couple tablespoons in this amount
and what's gonna happen is the
acetobacter in here is going to activate
it's going to start eating all of that
alcohol that we've produced in the last
part of the process and it will multiply
and over the course of about a week or a
week and a half you're gonna start to
see like a mat grow on top a sort of a
thick slimy mat and that is the mother
that's exactly what you want that is the
acetobacter working hard and so what I'm
going to do now is I'm just going to
take this I'm going to sit it over here
on the back counter out of direct
sunlight at room temperature and we'll
come back to this and see it well we'll
come back and we'll see it when it's
done
and so there you have it this has sat on
the back counter for probably three or
four weeks smells absolutely amazing and
it has a very healthy mother sitting on
top so I'm gonna pull the mother out and
I'm gonna hang oh the mother is really
slippery but it's it's fantastic and
since this is really healthy I'm gonna
use it almost right away in a couple of
other vinegar experiments so keep your
eyes out for those videos and now what
you have is is you have the vinegar and
there's some sediment on the bottom I'm
gonna try to leave as much of that as I
can behind you can filter it out if you
want to you don't have to you can leave
all of that in and you can use it it's
edible tastes fantastic
oh my
that is some good dinner excellent
vinegar
so just a little bit of sludge left in
the bottom pour that down the drain
don't need to keep that the mother I'm
going to break into two or three parts
and use in other vinegars and this can
just stay on the counter
now this apple cider vinegar is loaded
with probiotics and it is really good
for you thanks for stopping by hope to
see you again soon
you
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- Hey everyone welcome
to SwimUniversity.com.
My name is Matt Giovanisci
and today I'm gonna show you
how to operate a multiport
valve on your sand filter.
(boogie music)
Today we're working with
a Pentair Sand Filter
and the multiport valve.
So on this multiport valve,
there are seven different positions
in which you can put it in.
Now I just want to note that
every time you turn the handle
on your multiport valve,
you wanna make sure that your pump system
is completely shut off.
I like to think of it
like a car with a clutch.
So every time you switch gears,
you need to push the clutch in.
Which in this case,
pushing the clutch in would mean
shutting off your entire system,
moving the handle,
and then flipping it back on.
It's that simple.
It's something you should do
and the reason why we do that is because
if there's water running
through the filter system,
and you move this,
there's a chance that the O-Ring
or the five-spoke gasket
inside the multiport valve
can shift out of place
or even get damaged,
which will cause water to
flow out your backwash port,
or your waste port,
while you're running your
regular filter system,
which is something that
you don't want happening
because you can waste a lot of water.
The first position and the
most important position
we're gonna talk about
is the filter position.
This is the position
that you'll use the most.
Water from your pool travels
into the multiport valve
and pushes down through the
sand bed where it filters.
When it reaches the bottom,
it travels into the laterals,
up through the center standpipe,
and back into your swimming pool.
The second position on
your multiport valve
that were gonna talk about
is the backwash position.
The backwash position
directs water from your pool,
into the multiport valve,
down through the standpipe,
and up through the sand,
taking all the dirt and pushing
it out the backwash port.
Remember,
always use a backwash hose.
After you backwash your pool,
it's good practice to
go into the rinse mode,
which is the third position
on your multiport valve
that we're gonna talk about.
The rinse position resets
the sand bed by working
the same way as the filter position,
but this time allowing the water to flow
out of the backwash port rather
than back into your pool.
The fourth position
that I wanna talk about
is the waste position.
The waste position takes
the water from you pool
and sends it directly
to your backwash port
where it never enters the filter.
This is used to quickly
remove water from you pool
or if your vacuuming
and have a lot of dirt
that your filter wouldn't
be able to handle.
The fifth position that
we're gonna talk about
is the recirculate position
which you won't use that often
but it's good to know about.
Recirculate takes the water from your pool
and sends it right back,
never entering the filter.
This is used to circulate the water.
Some chemicals suggest
using this position rather
than using the filter position.
And finally there is usually six positions
but this particular
multiport valve has seven.
And we'll talk about both of them,
which is the closed position
and the winterization position.
The closed position actually closes off
all of the imports and outports
in your multiport valve,
just completely shuts them off.
Which you will probably never
use or very very rarely.
The other position is called
winterize or winterization,
which essentially closes it off,
but it keeps all the valves
open so it allows condensation
that builds up inside the tank
to evaporate during the winter months.
Now that's it!
That's all you need to
know in order to operate
your multiport valve on your sand filter.
And now you know exactly
how your sand filter filters the water.
So if you have any more questions,
you can ask us on our Facebook page,
which is Facebook.com/SwimUniversity
and of course you can visit our website
which is SwimUniversity.com
and thanks for watching.
(upbeat boogie music)
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- IN THIS VIDEO, WE'RE GOING
TO LEARN HOW TO SOLVE
ANY QUADRATIC EQUATION
USING THE QUADRATIC FORMULA.
SO WHAT IS THE QUADRATIC
FORMULA?
WELL, IF YOU HAVE AN EQUATION
THAT'S QUADRATIC,
REMEMBER,
ALL QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
CAN BE WRITTEN LIKE THIS,
THEN, THE SOLUTIONS ARE
X = -B + OR - THE SQUARE ROOT
OF B SQUARED - 4AC ALL OVER 2A.
THIS IS A FORMULA CALLED
THE QUADRATIC FORMULA.
THIS FORMULA MUST, MUST, MUST,
MUST BE MEMORIZED,
WRITE IT DOWN A HUNDRED TIMES,
DO WHAT EVER YOU HAVE TO DO
IN ORDER TO REMEMBER IT.
SOME COMMON MISTAKES ARE THAT,
SOMETIMES STUDENTS DON'T PUT
THE WHOLE THING OVER 2A.
SO MAYBE THEY'LL JUST PUT THIS
PART OVER 2A, AND NOT THE -B,
SO THIS WOULD BE WRONG.
SOMETIMES, THEY FORGET THE -B,
RIGHT.
SOMETIMES, THEY JUST PUT B.
THERE ARE A LOT OF WAYS THAT
STUDENTS CAN MAKE A MISTAKE
HERE. OKAY.
YOU'VE GOT TO PRACTICE WRITING
THIS DOWN,
PUT IT ON A FLASH CARD
AND JUST MEMORIZE IT.
NOW, THIS IS A VERY USEFUL
FORMULA,
WE CAN SOLVE ANY QUADRATIC
EQUATION USING THIS FORMULA
SO WE DON'T NEED TO USE
FACTORING ANYMORE,
WE DON'T NEED TO USE
COMPLETING THE SQUARE,
WE DON'T NEED TO USE
THE SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY,
THIS FORMULA GIVES US
THE ANSWERS WE WANT. OKAY.
NOW, THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT
YOU DON'T EVER, EVER WANT TO USE
FACTORING.
FACTORING IS STILL THE EASIEST
METHOD THAT WE HAVE. OKAY.
WHAT THIS MEANS, THOUGH, IS
IF SOMETHING CAN NOT FACTOR,
THEN, ALWAYS GO FOR
THE QUADRATIC EQUATION. OKAY.
SO LETS PRACTICE USING
THE EQUATION.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS FIRST?
SO YES, THERE ARE A FEW STEPS
YOU SHOULD GO THROUGH FIRST
TO MAKE YOUR LIFE EASIER.
SO STEP ONE,
STEP ONE IS ALWAYS GOING TO BE
TO PUT IN STANDARD FORM,
REMEMBER, STANDARD FORM IS
AX SQUARED + BX + C = 0.
YOU HAVE TO GET IT ALL EQUAL
TO ZERO
AND YOU HAVE TO PUT IT
IN DESCENDING ORDER.
STEP TWO, ALSO,
CLEAR ALL FRACTIONS
BY FIRST, MULTIPLYING
YOUR EQUATION BY THE LCD.
NOW, YOU DON'T USUALLY HAVE
FRACTIONS BUT WHEN YOU DO,
THAT'S HOW YOU'RE GOING
TO GET RID OFF THEM,
YOU DON'T WANT TO STICK
FRACTIONS INTO THAT FORMULA.
TRUST ME, IT'S GOING TO GET
REALLY UGLY, REALLY FAST.
STEP THREE, IDENTIFY A, B, AND C
AND THEN, PLUG INTO FORMULA
AND SIMPLIFY.
I'D SUGGEST THREE STEPS AND THE
FIRST TWO ARE PRELIMINARY,
YOU DO THOSE BEFORE YOU EVEN USE
THE FORMULA. ALL RIGHT.
SO LET'S GET GOING, LET'S TRY,
FOR ALL OF THESE, BY THE WAY,
WE'RE GOING TO SOLVE USING
THE QUADRATIC FORMULA.
SO PROBLEM ONE, 5P SQUARED - P
- 3 = 0.
ALL RIGHT, SO FIRST OF ALL,
THIS IS ALREADY IN STANDARD FORM
BECAUSE EVERYTHING'S ON THE LEFT
AND IT'S IN DESCENDING ORDER,
SO STEP ONE IS DONE FOR US
ALREADY.
STEP TWO, THERE ARE NO FRACTIONS
WE CAN SKIP THAT ONE.
STEP THREE, IDENTIFY A, B,
AND C.
SO HERE, A IS 5, B IS -1,
AND C IS -3.
I WROTE DOWN ALL MY COEFFICIENTS
SO NOW I USE THE FORMULA.
REMEMBER, X IS -B, + OR - THE
SQUARE ROOT OF B SQUARED - 4AC
ALL OVER 2A,
WHICH IS -B + OR - THE SQUARE
ROOT OF B SQUARED
MINUS 4 x A x C ALL OVER 2A.
NOW, WE NEED TO SIMPLIFY,
WE CAN'T LEAVE OUR ANSWER
LIKE THIS,
SO LET'S FIGURE OUT
WHAT WE'VE GOT.
FIRST OF ALL, -(-1)
JUST BECOMES 1 + OR -,
SO WHAT DO WE HAVE
UNDER THE RADICAL?
WELL -1 SQUARED IS 1
AND 4 x 5 IS 20 x -3 IS -60.
SO THIS GUY IS NEGATIVE
BUT IT'S -(-60) SO + 60
ALL OVER 10,
WHICH IS 1 + OR - THE SQUARE
ROOT OF 61 ALL OVER 10,
SO THESE ARE MY TWO SOLUTIONS.
ALL RIGHT.
LET'S TRY ANOTHER ONE.
3R SQUARED + R = 10. OKAY.
SO A COMMON MISTAKE
THAT WE USUALLY SEE,
IS THAT STUDENTS
WILL IMMEDIATELY WRITE DOWN
THE A, B, AND C,
WITHOUT FIRST CHECKING
TO MAKE SURE THAT'S IT'S IN
STANDARD FORM.
THIS IS ALMOST IN STANDARD FORM
BUT WE NEED TO MOVE THIS GUY
TO THE LEFT ALSO,
SO IF I SUBTRACT 10
FROM BOTH SIDES,
I ACTUALLY GET 3R SQUARED PLUS R
- 10 = 0.
NOW, IT'S IN STANDARD FORM,
SO LET'S IDENTIFY, MY A IS 3,
MY B IS 1,
AND MY C IS -10.
PLUG THEM INTO THE FORMULA,
REMEMBER, THE FORMULA IS X
EQUALS
-B + OR - THE SQUARE ROOT
B SQUARED - 4AC ALL OVER 2A,
WHICH IS -1 + OR - THE SQUARE
ROOT OF 1 SQUARED - 4 x 3 x -10
ALL OVER 2 x 3,
WHICH IS -1 + OR -
THE SQUARE ROOT OF--
WE'VE GOT 1 AND THEN, 4 x 3
IS 12 x 10 IS 120,
BUT IT'S + SINCE YOU HAVE TWO
NEGATIVES SO + 120 ALL OVER 6.
SO IT'S -1 + OR - ROOT 121
ALL OVER 6.
THE SQUARE ROOT OF 121
IS ACTUALLY 11
SO THIS WORKS OUT NICE,
-1 + OR - 11 OVER 6.
WELL, SO IN THIS CASE, YOU
ACTUALLY WRITE OUT TWO ANSWERS,
-1 + 11 OVER 6, -1 - 11 OVER 6,
SO THIS ONE GETS THIS 10 OVER 6
WHICH IS 5/3
AND THIS ONE GIVES US -12 OVER 6
WHICH IS -2.
SO MY TWO ANSWERS ARE,
5/3 AND -2. OKAY.
ALL RIGHT, WE'RE GETTING
A LITTLE TOUGHER AS YOU CAN SEE
BUT STILL IT WON'T BECOME
ALL THAT BAD
AS LONG AS YOU PRACTICE
YOUR FORMULA.
LET'S TRY THE THIRD PROBLEM.
WE HAVE Y SQUARED + 4 = 6Y.
MOVE THE 6Y OVER,
NOTICE THAT ONE HAS TO GO
IN THE MIDDLE
BECAUSE THAT'S THE ORDER
OF THE TERMS,
SO LET'S WRITE DOWN OUR "A"
IS 1, OUR B IS -6, OUR C IS 4.
OKAY. SO WE HAVE OUR FORMULA.
X IS GOING TO EQUAL,
THIS TIME I'M NOT GOING TO WRITE
DOWN THE FORMULA AGAIN,
I GET -B + OR - THE SQUARE ROOT
OF B SQUARED - 4 x A x C
ALL OVER 2A, 2A.
THIS GIVES ME 6 + OR -
THE SQUARE ROOT OF 36 - 16
ALL OVER 2.
NOTICE THIS TIME, IT WAS A MINUS
BECAUSE WE ONLY HAD ONE NEGATIVE
THERE
WHICH IS 6 + OR -
THE SQUARE ROOT OF 20 OVER 2.
NOW, HERE WE CAN SIMPLIFY A BIT
BECAUSE THE SQUARE ROOT OF 20
CAN BE BROKEN DOWN.
REMEMBER, THE SQUARE ROOT OF 20
IS ACTUALLY 2 ROOT 5,
SO AFTER WE WRITE 6 + OR -
2 SQUARE ROOT OF 5 OVER 2.
NOW, WE'RE NEARLY DONE HERE.
WE CAN ACTUALLY FACTOR A 2
OUT OF THE TOP.
WHY WOULD WE DO THAT?
BECAUSE WE CAN CANCEL THE 2
AT THE BOTTOM,
WE END UP WITH Y = 3 + OR -
ROOT 5.
WHAT IF, WHEN I HAD THIS?
I JUST CANCEL THE 2s LIKE THIS,
NOTICE THAT WE END UP
WITH THE WRONG ANSWER. OKAY.
THE REASON IS BECAUSE YOU HAVE
TO CANCEL EVERYTHING ON THE TOP
EVEN THE 6,
SO THAT ACTUALLY WOULD GIVE US
THE RIGHT ANSWER.
EITHER WAY, I THINK, FACTORING
IS THE WAY TO PREVENT ERRORS.
OKAY. LET'S TRY ANOTHER ONE.
3/4 H SQUARED + 1/2H + 1/12 = 0.
THIS ONE'S NO FUN
BECAUSE WE HAVE FRACTIONS
ALL OVER THE PLACE,
BUT REMEMBER THE TRICK, RIGHT.
STEP TWO WAS IT?
YEAH, STEP TWO SAYS,
TO CLEAR ALL THE FRACTIONS
BY MULTIPLYING BY THE LCD.
IN THIS CASE, THE LCD IS 12,
SO I'M GOING TO MULTIPLY
EVERYTHING BY 12.
WHAT DO I END UP WITH?
WELL, LET ME JUST WRITE OUT 12
NEXT TO EVERYTHING
AND THIS I'M GOING TO CANCEL
SEPARATELY,
IT'S THE CLEAN WAY TO DO IT.
THIS BECOMES A 3 x 3H SQUARED
IS 9H SQUARED
AND THEN THE 2 AND THE 12
GIVE YOU A 6, SO 6H,
IT'S 1 AND THE 12, CANCEL
YOU GET 1
AND SO MY "A" IS 9, MY B IS 6,
AND MY C IS 1.
SO I PUT THEM
IN THE QUADRATIC FORMULA.
AGAIN, X = -6 + OR - THE SQUARE
ROOT OF 6 SQUARED - 4 x 9 x 1
ALL OVER 2 x 9,
WHICH IS -6 PLUS OR MINUS
THE SQUARE ROOT OF 36 - 36
ALL OVER 18.
BUT 36 - 36 IS 0.
SO I GET X = -6 + OR -
THE ROOT 0 OVER 18.
THE ROOT 0 IS JUST 0.
AGAIN, -6 + OR - 0
SO THAT'S JUST -6 OVER 18
WHICH IS -1/3.
NOTICE, I ONLY GOT ONE ANSWER.
THIS DOES HAPPEN SOMETIMES.
THIS JUST MEANS THAT WE HAVE
A REPEATED ROOT.
WE GOT TWO ANSWERS, THEY JUST
HAPPEN TO BE THE SAME ONE.
RIGHT?
BECAUSE REALLY,
WHAT WE HAVE IS -1/3 + OR - 0.
SO ACTUALLY,
THEY'RE THE SAME ANSWER.
OKAY, WE'RE GOING TO DO
ONE MORE EXAMPLE.
SO THE EXAMPLE IS GOING TO BE,
M x 5M - 2 = -3.
WHEN YOU HAVE SOMETHING
THAT LOOKS LIKE THIS,
YOU'VE ACTUALLY GOT DO
A LITTLE BIT OF WORK
TO PUT IT IN STANDARD FORM
FIRST.
THEY'RE ACTUALLY
MAKING YOUR LIFE DIFFICULT.
YOU NEED TO DISTRIBUTE THIS,
GET RID OF THOSE PARENTHESES.
WE GET 5N SQUARED - 2M = -3
AND THEN WE MOVE THIS GUY OVER.
WE GET 5M SQUARED - 2M + 3 = 0.
NOW, WE'RE READY TO GO, SO
WE GOT "A" = 5, B = -2, C = 3.
SO M IS GOING TO = -B + OR -
THE SQUARE ROOT OF B SQUARED
- 4 x A x C ALL OVER 2 x 5.
SO THAT BECOMES 2 + OR -
THE SQUARE ROOT OF 4
AND THEN 4 x 5 IS 20 x 3 IS 60
SO 4 - 60 ALL OVER 10
WHICH IS 2 + OR - THE SQUARE
ROOT OF -56 ALL OVER 10.
NOW, WE CAN STOP RIGHT HERE,
NOTICE THAT WE HAVE
A NEGATIVE UNDER A RADICAL.
THIS IS BEGINNING ALGEBRA
SO IN BEGINNING ALGEBRA,
WE CAN'T HAVE A NEGATIVE
UNDER THE RADICAL.
IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA,
WE CAN HAVE A NEGATIVE
UNDER THE RADICAL
AND WE'LL LEARN
HOW TO DEAL WITH THAT.
BUT FOR BEGINNING ALGEBRA,
WE HAVE A NEGATIVE
UNDER THE RADICAL
AND WE CAN'T GO ANY FURTHER.
IN FACT, WHAT WE WRITE DOWN
IS NO REAL SOLUTION.
IN INTERMEDIATE ALGEBRA,
WE'LL LEARN HOW TO FIND
THE SOLUTIONS THAT ARE NOT REAL
BECAUSE THEY'RE STILL NOT REAL
IN THAT CLASS,
WE JUST KNOW HOW TO FIND THEM.
OKAY.
SO NO REAL SOLUTION.
MAKE SURE YOU CHECK CAREFULLY
THE SIGN OF THE RADICAND
TO MAKE SURE THAT THE SOLUTIONS
ACTUALLY ARE REAL,
IF NOT, YOU DON'T NEED TO WORRY
ABOUT THEM IN THIS CLASS.
OKAY, SO HOPEFULLY,
THIS HAS BEEN USEFUL.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR WATCHING.
|
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LÍDERES
Supón que alguien tiene una buena idea
que estamos organizando algo y tú tienes una buena idea
Y el resto pensamos que la idea es muy buena
Vale, por ese momento tú eres un líder
Vale, quizás mañana él tiene una buena idea
así que él será el líder
Si designamos a alguien como líder y vamos a seguirle sin importar lo que diga
entonces tenemos un problema
Si quieres admirar a personas
deberías admirar, por ejemplo, a los trabajadores del SNCC [Comité Coordinador Estudiantil No Violento]
La gente que de verdad estaba haciendo el trabajo en el sur
Ellos tuvieron experiencias duras y amargas
No sólo ellos, sino muchos activistas negros
Y otros... Algunos blancos se unieron
Quiero decir, eso es lo que realmente deberíamos admirar
Tan pronto como empiezas a adorar a líderes, tienes un problema
¿Por qué?
Porque van a tomar el poder y establecer sistemas de autoridad y dominación
Cuando lo que buscas es independencia y libertad
Los líderes deberían ser representantes de la comunidad
con una posición con cierto grado de autoridad temporalmente bajo control popular
Consideremos a Martin Luther King
que era una figura muy importante
pero él estaba como montando una ola de activismo popular
Si no hubiese sido por los trabajadores del SNCC en el sur
y 'escritores de la libertad'
estudiantes negros ocupando cafeterías
y marchas populares masivas
no habría Martin Luther King... Quiero decir, habría alguien llamado así, pero nadie le habría escuchado
Lo que hizo fue reconocido como peligroso por sistemas de poder
si echamos un vistazo a la historia de cómo se ha reconocido y tratado a King
es muy iluminadora
El día de Martin Luther King hay mucha retórica muy elaborada
que normalmente acaba en 1963
con el 'Yo tengo un sueño'...
Porque eso es más o menos tolerable por los sistemas de poder y dominación
Quizás no les guste, pero lo van a aceptar
Por otra parte, ¿qué ocurre con lo que hizo justo después?
Poor People's Movement [el Movimiento de los Pobres]
Organizar y apoyar la huelga de trabajadores de saneamiento
No recibe atención
De hecho, dio otro discurso como 'Yo tengo un sueño' la noche antes a ser asesinado
Pero ese no se cita
|
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English:
I got the cancer, it's in my whole body
I gave myself up to a gang who could fix me
But they were evil, Francis and his cronies
Now I see
They shot my asshole
X-Men came for me, so I fled right out of sight
I miss her so much, my broken heart is my plight
I ain't right
I will kill all the henchmen
Like a samurai
I will slaughter all of them
Zero f*cks will be given by me
I am on a vengeance warpath
This will be a violent bloody bath
I will kill all Ajax's henchmen
Russian:
Всё моё тело сжирает рак не спеша
Пошёл к ребятам. Проблему они решат
Жаль что злодеи, Френсис и кореша
Болит душа
Пальнули в жопу
Но я смотался. Пришли люди-икс за мной
Разбито сердце. Любовь это минус мой
Вот отстой
Скоро сдохнут
Все говнюки
Их убью. Как самурай
Вот мой жест. Ну всё люлей получай
На трупу мести вышел я
Будет щас кровавая резня
Бойцы Аякса попляшут у меня
Polish:
Mam raka, jest w moim całym ciele
Dołączyłem się do gangu, który może mnie wyleczyć.
Ale oni są źli, Francis i jego kumple.
Teraz rozumiem
Oni strzelili mi w dupę.
X-Men przyszedł po mnie, więc uciekłem z pola widzenia.
Brakuje mi jej tak bardzo, moje serce jest złamene
Nie miałem racji.
Zabije wszystkich popleczników
Jak samuraj.
Ubije ich wszystkich.
Żadnego pierd**enia z mojej strony.
Jestem na wojnie w zemście.
Urządzę tam rzeź.
Zabije wszystkich współpracowników Ajaxa.
Turkish:
Kanseri aldım, tüm vücudumda
Kendimi iyileştiren bir çeteye verdim.
Fakat onlar kötülükler yapıyordu, Francis ve gafilleri
Şimdi anladım
Götümü vurdular
X-Men benim için geldi, ben de görüşten çıkıp kaçtım
Onu çok özlüyorum, kırık kalbim benim sözüm
Ben iyi değilim
Tüm adamları öldüreceğim
Samuray gibi
Hepsini katleteceğim
Hiç s*klemeyeceğim
Intikam savaş yolundayım
Bu şiddetli kanlı bir banyo olacak
Tüm Ajax adamlarını öldüreceğim
Portuguese:
Eu tenho câncer, está em todo o meu corpo
Entreguei-me a uma quadrilha que pudesse me corrigir
Mas eles eram maus, Francis e seus companheiros
Agora eu vejo
Eles atiraram no meu cu
Os X-Men vieram atrás de mim, então eu fugi para fora da vista
Eu sinto falta dela tanto, meu coração partido é a minha situação
Eu não estou certo
Vou matar todos os capangas
Como um samurai
Eu vou matar todos eles
Nenhuma importância, será dada por mim
Eu estou em um caminho de vingança
Este será um banho sangrento e violento
Eu vou matar todos os capangas do Ajax
Danish:
Jeg har kræft, det er i hele min krop
Jeg gav mig selv op til en bande, der kunne fikse mig
Men de var onde, Frans og hans Håndlængere
Nu ser jeg
De skød mit røvhul
Midt i en motorvejs kamp
X-Men kom efter mig, så jeg flygtede ud af syne
Jeg savner hende så meget, mit knuste hjerte er min skæbne
Jeg har det ikke godt
Jeg vil dræbe alle de håndlangere
Ligesom en samurai
Jeg vil slagte dem alle
Nul f * cks vil blive givet af mig
Jeg er på en hævn krigsstien
Det vil være en voldsom blodigt bad
Jeg vil dræbe alle Ajax håndlængere
Czech:
Mám rakovinu, je v celém mém těle
Dostal sem se do gangu, který by mě mohl vyléčit
Ale oni jsou zlý, Francis a jeho kumpáni
Nyní chápu
Střelili mě do prdele
X-Men si pro mě přišel, tak jsem mu utekl z dohledu
Stýská se mi po ní tolik, mé zlomené srdce je můj osud
Nejsem v pořádku
zabiju všechny kumpány
jako samuraj
Vysměju se jim
žádnej zku*venec mě nemůže zastavit
Jsem pomsta na válečné stezce
tohle je násilně krvavá lázeň
Zabiju všechny Ajaxovo kumpány
Dutch:
Ik heb kanker, het zit in mijn hele lichaam
Ik gaf mezelf aan bij een bende die me kon helpen
Maar ze waren kwaadaardig, Francis en zijn hulpjes
Nu begrijp ik het
Ze schoten mijn kont
X-Men kwam voor me, dus ik vloog meteen uit zicht
Ik mis haar zo erg, mijn gebroken hart is mijn situatie
Ik ben niet goed genoeg
Ik zal alle handlangers vermoorden
Als een samurai
Ik slacht ze allemaal af
Ik zal geen f*cks geven
Ik ben op oorlogspad voor wraak
Dit word een gewelddadig bloed bad
Ik zal all de handlangers van Ajax vermoorden
Spanish:
Tengo el cáncer, está en mi cuerpo entero
Me entregué a una pandilla que podía arreglarme
Pero eran malvados, Francisco y sus compinches
Ahora veo
Le dispararon a mi culo
X-Men vino a por mí, así que huí de la vista
La extraño mucho, mi corazón roto es mi suerte
No estoy bien
Mataré a todos los secuaces
Como un samurai
Voy a matar a todos ellos
Se dará zero follar por mi
Estoy en un camino de guerra de venganza
Se trata de un baño de sangre violenta
Yo mataré a secuaces todos Ajax
Turkish:
Yolumdan çekil yoksa bugün öleceksin
Kafa kestiği zaman kılıcım damlatır
Beni kızgın gördüklerinde tüm kötü adamlar titrer
Kızımın yemi, bunun için gideceğim
Çünkü bu benim kaderim, hepsini nefretle öldür
Bu yüzden şu 2 X-Men ucubesinden nefret etmeyi bıraktım
Demir Rus, Alien 3'ten Ripley
Kötü adamlara saldırır, aşkımı acı çekmekten kurtarırlar
Bahse girerim acıtıyordur.
Bütün kötü adamları öldüreceğiz
Nükleer bomba ve vinç gibi
Hepsini katledeceğiz
Hiç s*klemeyeceğiz
İntikam yolundayım
Şiddetli bir kan banyosu olacak
Ajax'ın tüm adamlarını öldüreceğim
Czech:
Nepleť se mi do cesty, nebo dnes zemřeš
Z mých mečů kape krev
Kumpáni se třesou, když jsem rozzlobený
Moje holka je mou návnadou
Protože tohle je můj osud, zabít všechny s nenávistí
Takže jsem přestal nenávidět obě 2 X-menovské zrůdy
Železný rusák, Riply od Alien 3
Zaútočíme na padouchy a osvobodíme mojí lásku od utrpení
vsadím se, že to bolí
Zabijem všechny kumpány
jako atomovku a jeřáb
vysmějeme se jim
žádnej zk*rvenec nás nemůže zastavit
Já jsem pomsta na válečné stezce
tohle je násilná krvavá lázeň
Zabiju všechny Ajaxovo kumpány
Dutch:
Blijf uit mijn buurt of je zal vandaag sterven
Mijn zwaard druipt wanneer ik ze onthoofd
Handlangers trillen wanneer ze me aan zien komen
Mijn meid's liefde, daar ga ik voor
Want dit is mijn lot, vermoord ze allemaal met haat
Uiteindelijk stopte ik met haten op die 2 X-men freaks
De ijzeren Rus, Ripley van Alien 3
Val de slechteriken aan, bevrijd mijn liefde van lijden
Ik wed dat het zal steken
Wij zullen alle handlangers vermoorden
Als een atoombom en hijskraan
Wij slachten ze allemaal af
Wij zullen geen f*cks geven
Ik ben op oorlogspad voor wraak
Dit word een gewelddadig bloed bad
Ik zal all de handlangers van Ajax vermoorden
Russian:
Уйди с моих глаз, а то сдохнешь сейчас
Меч в крови. Я им рублю людей
Все дрожат. Меня ведь нет страшней
Она приманка. Но я иду за ней
Судьбой предрешено. Всех мочить за одно
Я подружился с людьми икс, ты посмотри.
Железный русский и Рипли из ,,Чужой 3''
Спасать любовь мою будем хода заори.
Не ори
Скоро сдохнут все говнюки
Их отправим прямо в рай
Разорвём всех на куски.
Вот наш жест. Ну всё люлей получай
На трапу мести вышел я.
Будет щас кровавая резня.
Бойцы Аякса попляшут у меня.
Spanish:
Mantenerse fuera de mi camino o te vas a morir hoy
Mantenerse fuera de mi camino o te vas a morir hoy
Secuaces se mueva cuando me ven airados
El cebo de mi niña, voy a salir justo para él
Porque este es mi destino, matarlos a todos con odio
Así que dejé de odiar a estos fresas de X-Men 2
El ruso de hierro, Ripley de Alien 3
Ataca a los malos, libera a mi amor del sufrimiento
Apuesto a que pica
Mataremos a todos los secuaces
Como una bomba nuclear y una grúa
Mataremos a todos ellos
Zero será dado por nosotros
Estoy en un camino de venganza
Este será un violento baño de sangre
Mataré a todos los secuaces de Ajax
Danish:
Hold dig væk for mig eller vil du dø i dag
Mine sværd drypper, når de halshugger
Håndlangere ryster, når de ser mig vred
Min pige er mading, jeg vil gå lige efter det
Fordi det er min skæbne, dræbe dem alle med had
Så jeg holdt op med at hade på disse 2 X-Men freaks
The Iron Russian, Ripley fra Alien 3
Angrib de onde, befri min kærlighed fra lidelse
Vædder på at det svier
Vi vil dræbe alle de håndlangere
Ligesom en atombombe og kran
Vi vil slagte dem alle
Nul f * cks vil blive givet af os
Jeg er på en hævn krigsstien
Dette vil være en voldsom blodigt bad
Jeg vil dræbe alle Ajax håndlangere
Portuguese:
Fique fora do meu caminho ou você vai morrer hoje
Minhas espadas pingam quando decapitam
Capangas tremem quando me vêem irado
A isca da minha garota, vou certo para isso
Porque este é o meu destino, mate todos com ódio
Então eu parei de odiar essas 2 aberrações X-Men
O Iron Russian, Ripley do Alien 3
Atacar os bandidos, libertar o meu amor do sofrimento
Aposto que pica
Vamos matar todos os capangas
Como uma arma nuclear e guindaste
Vamos matar todos eles
Nenhuma importância, será dada por nós
Eu estou em um caminho de vingança
Este será um banho sangrento e violento
Eu vou matar todos os capangas do Ajax
English:
Stay out of my way or you'll die today
My swords drip when they decapitate
Henchmen shake when they see me irate
My girl's bait, I'll go right for it
'Cause this is my fate, kill them all with hate
So I stopped hating on these 2 X-Men freaks
The Iron Russian, Ripley from Alien 3
Attack the bad guys, free my love from suffering
Bet it stings
We will kill all the henchmen
Like a nuke and crane
We will slaughter all of them
Zero f*cks will be given by us
I am on a vengeance warpath
This will be a violent bloody bath
I will kill all Ajax's henchmen
Polish:
Zejdź mi z drogi, albo zdechniesz dziś.
Moje miecze kapią krwią, kiedy oni kapitulują.
Pachołek się trzęsie, gdy widzi mnie poirytowanego.
Mojej dziewczyny pułapka. Idę po nią.
Bo to mój los, zabij wszystkich wszystkich moją nienawiścią.
Więc przestałem nienawidzić tych dwóch X-Man'skich idiotów.
Stalowy Rusek, Ripley z 'Obcych 3'.
Atakujcie złych facetów, uwolnijcie moją miłość od cierpienia.
Założe się, że to szczypie.
Zabijemy wszystkich tych pachołków.
Jak Nuke i Crane.
Ubijemy ich wszystkich.
Żadnego pierd**enia z naszej strony,
Jestem na wojnie w zemście.
Będzie tam wanna pełnej krwi.
Zabije wszystkich współpracowników Ajaxa.
English:
Stay out of my way or you'll die today
My swords drip when they decapitate
Henchmen shake when they see me irate
My girl's bait, I'll go right for it
'Cause this is my fate, kill them all with hate
Watch us as we slaughter all, like a wrecking ball
Laugh as Francis crawls away
I'll put a bullet in his brain, make his brain blood stain
Then my chick reclaim today
Spanish:
Quédate fuera de mi camino o morirás hoy
Mis espadas gotean cuando decapitan
Los secuaces se sacuden cuando me ven furioso
cebo de mi chica, voy a ir a la derecha por ella
Porque este es mi destino, matarlos a todos con odio
Mírenos mientras matamos a todos, como una bola de demolición
Ríase mientras Francis se arrastra
Voy a poner una bala en su cerebro, hacer que su sangre en el cerebro mancha
Entonces mi chica recuperare hoy
Polish:
Zejdź mi z drogi, albo zdechniesz dziś.
Moje miecze kapią krwią, kiedy oni kapitulują.
Pachołek się trzęsie, gdy widzi mnie poirytowanego.
Mojej dziewczyny pułapka. Idę po nią.
Bo to mój los, zabij wszystkich wszystkich moją nienawiścią.
Oglądaj nas jak ubijamy ich wszystkich.
Śmiej się, gdy Francis odchodzi.
Wsadzę kulę do jego mózgu, sprawię, że z jego mózgu wyleje się krew.
I wtedy odzyskam moją laskę dziś.
Russian:
Уйди с моих глаз а то здахнишь сейчас.
Меч в крови. Я им рублю людей.
Всё дрожат. Меня ведь нет страшней.
Она приманка. Меня ведут за ней.
Судьбой предрешено, всех мочить за одно.
Их смету потом, как бульдозером.
Чтоб до Френсиса добраться скорей.
Ему я выбью мозги. Сдохли все враги.
И тёлка снова стала моей моей моей.
Danish:
Hold dig ud fra min vej eller du vil dø i dag
Mine sværd drypper, når de halshugger
Håndlangere ryster, når de ser mig vred
Min pige er mading, jeg vil gå lige til det
Fordi det er min skæbne, dræbe dem alle med had
Se os slagte alle, ligesom en nedbrydningskugle
Grin som Francis kravler væk
Jeg vil sætte en kugle i hans hjerne, gøre hans hjerne blod plet
Så min pige komme tilbage i dag
Czech:
Nepleť se mi do cesty nebo dnes zemřeš
z mých mečů kape krev
Kumpání se třesou, když mě vidí rozzlobeného
Moje holka je moje návnada
Protože tohle je můj osud, zabít všechny s nenávistí
Sleduj jak ho porazím, jako vykolejený vlak
Francis se směje, protože si myslí, že mě porazí
Střelím mu kulku do jeho mozku, aby jsem ho viděl krvácet
A po té si dnešek ještě užiju
Dutch:
Blijf uit mijn buurt of je zal vandaag sterven
Mijn zwaard druipt wanneer ik ze onthoofd
Handlangers trillen wanneer ze me aan zien komen
Mijn meid's liefde, daar ga ik voor
Want dit is mijn lot, vermoord ze allemaal met haat
Kijk naar ons wanner we iedereen afslachten als een sloopkogel
Lach als Francis weg kruipt
Ik schiet een kogel in zijn kop, bevlek zijn hersenbloed
En dan komt mijn meid weer terug vandaag
Turkish:
Yolumdan çekil yoksa bugün öleceksin
Kafa kestiği zaman kılıçlarım damlatır.
Beni kızgın gördüklerinde tüm kötü adamlar titrer
Kızımın yemi, onun için gideceğim
Çünkü bu benim kaderim, hepsini nefretle öldürmek
Hepsini yıkım güllesi gibi katlederken bizi izle
Francis sürünüp giderken gül
Onun beynine bir mermi yerleştireceğim, beynini kan lekesi yapacağım
Sonra benim çıtır bana geri gelecek.
Portuguese:
Fique fora do meu caminho ou você vai morrer hoje
Minhas espadas pingam quando decapitam
Capangas tremem quando me vêem irado
A isca da minha garota, vou certo para isso
Porque este é o meu destino, mate todos com ódio
Veja como nós matamos todos, como uma bola de demolição
Rir como Francis rasteja
Vou colocar uma bala em seu cérebro, faça a sua mancha de sangue no cérebro
Então minha garota recuperar hoje
|
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Hi there, folks!
Welcome to today's tutorial.
Before we begin a quick reminder to switch on the
Closed Caption button
and also give a Thumbs up if you liked this video,
consider
Subscribing to this channel
for even more useful information!
Allright folks, let me start by showing you why I prefer
to use the hairspray over gluestick:
If you look at this print
you can actually see the residue of the gluestick
wich I don't like, because is not uniform.
If you look at this piece, wich is printed over hairspray,
you can even see some splatters
but we are trying to correct this today.
Anyway, the surface is way smoother than with glue stick.
When it comes to what kind of hairspray you can use
any kind you can find in the stores.
What matters is this number over here wich shows how strong the hairspray is.
This is number 4,
but since I have some friends who are hairstylists
I got my hands on a number 5 super strong spray.
And we are going to test this to see the results.
First of all, what you need to do is to clean your glass bed with dishwasher solution.
Add a little bit over the glass, let it for a few minutes, then place it under the water jet.
In order to remove all the water stains and fingerprints
that might still be on the dried out glass, you use a clean cloth, soaked in alcohol
and gently rub the surface with it.
Now that we have a clean glass
we start to apply hairspray
You agitate it a little bit before (use).
And when you apply it, you start from outside the surface of the glass bed
and you add it in layers.
Like this!
So I've placed the glass bed back in the printer
and now I am going to heat up the bed to let's say 80 degrees (Celsius).
Allright. Now that temp has reached 80 degrees
we just let the bed simply to cooldown to room temperature again.
It is time to remove the glass bed and apply the second layer of the hairspray.
When you apply the second layer, you must do it perpendicular to the first one.
Repeat the steps with heating up, then let it cool down to room temperature.
After the heat up and cool down, you apply the 3rd and last layer, perpendicular to the second one.
And again, heat up, and let it cool to room temp and then you can start printing.
Allright, folks!
This is the end result of what I've showed you in this video.
This is a simple piece, it has 0.6 mm in height,
it has 0.2 mm per layer, so it's 3 layers.
The printer was perfectly calibrated,
hairspray applied like I showed you in this video.
And look at this!
Adhesion is perfect, it has perfect layers.
Why I have this gloves on my hands ?
It is simple.
It is because the tip I wanted to tell you about.
You dont't touch the plate with open hands!!!
Why ?
Because you leave fingerprints on the plate and you have a drop in adhesion!!!
You can use this to slowly remove (the piece) from the glass bed.
There we go!
Thank you for watching this video!
Please consider Subscribing to this channel and I see you on the next video!
BYE-BYE!
|
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Spanish:
¿Primera vez?
Sí.
Tu, eh ...
... elige tus fachadas todavía?
-No.
-Sí...
Quiero decir ... lo he pensado.
Eso es genial.
Por lo general, decidimos el nuestro en la sala de preparación.
-Lo mantiene picante.
-Mm-hm.
Sr. y Sra. Demir?
Fantasy Suite Cuatro ...
... está listo para ti.
Aquí están tus llaves.
Harás tus grandes entradas ...
a través de puertas separadas.
Olivia a la izquierda ...
... y Nick a la derecha.
Bien entonces...
Turkish:
İlk kez?
Evet.
Sen ...
... cephelerini seçtin mi?
-Yok hayır.
-Evet...
Yani ... Bunun hakkında düşündüm.
Çok havalı.
Biz genellikle hazırlık odasında kendimize karar veririz.
- Baharatlı tutuyor.
Mm ha.
Bay ve Bayan Demir?
Fantasy Suite Four ...
... senin için hazır.
Anahtarların burada.
Büyük girişlerini yapacaksın ...
ayrı kapılardan.
Olivia sola doğru ...
... ve Nick sağa.
İyi o zaman...
Portuguese:
Primeira vez?
Sim.
Você ...
... já escolheu suas fachadas?
-Não.
-Sim...
Quero dizer ... eu pensei sobre isso.
Isso é legal.
Geralmente decidimos a nossa na sala de preparação.
-Mantenha apimentado.
-Mm-hm.
Sr. e Sra. Demir?
Suíte Fantasy Quatro ...
... está pronto para você.
Aqui estão suas chaves.
Você estará fazendo suas grandes entradas ...
através de portas separadas.
Olivia para a esquerda ...
... e Nick para a direita.
Bem então...
English:
First time?
Yeah.
You, uh...
...pick your facades yet?
-No.
-Yes...
I mean...I've thought about it.
That's cool.
We usually decide ours in the prep room.
-Keeps it spicy.
-Mm-hm.
Mr. and Mrs. Demir?
Fantasy Suite Four...
...is ready for you.
Here are your keys.
You'll be making your grand entrances...
through separate doors.
Olivia to the left...
...and Nick to the right.
Well then...
English:
I'll leave you two to say goodbye to Nick and Olivia.
Olivia...
-Yeah?
...we need this.
-You need this.
-No.
We need this for our family...
...we need this for us.
-You're demented.
Come on...
Let's go in there and get a bit wild.
For old time's sake.
Olivia.
Don't call me that.
Whoa...
Please select your fantasy.
Mmm...Rachel.
Classic.
Your facade has been selected by your girlfriend.
Spanish:
Les dejo a los dos para que se despidan de Nick y Olivia.
Olivia ...
-¿Sí?
...necesitamos esto.
-Necesitas esto.
-No.
Necesitamos esto para nuestra familia ...
... necesitamos esto para nosotros.
-Estás demente.
Venga...
Entremos y nos volvamos un poco salvajes.
Por los viejos tiempos.
Olivia
No me llames así.
Whoa ...
Por favor selecciona tu fantasía.
Mmm ... Rachel.
Clásico.
Tu fachada ha sido seleccionada por tu novia.
Turkish:
İkinize de Nick ve Olivia'ya veda etmek için bırakacağım.
Olivia ...
-Evet?
...buna ihtiyacımız var.
-Buna ihtiyacın var.
-Yok hayır.
Ailemiz için buna ihtiyacımız var ...
... bizim için buna ihtiyacımız var.
-Ben bunalmışsın.
Haydi...
Hadi içeri girip biraz vahşi olalım.
Eski zamanların hatrına.
Olivia.
Bana öyle deme.
Oha ...
Lütfen fantezinizi seçin.
Mmm ... Rachel.
Klasik.
Cepheniz kız arkadaşınız tarafından seçildi.
Portuguese:
Vou deixar vocês dois para se despedirem de Nick e Olivia.
Olivia ...
-Sim?
...nós precisamos disso.
-Você precisa disso.
-Não.
Precisamos disso para a nossa família ...
... precisamos disso para nós.
-Você é demente.
Vamos...
Vamos lá e ficar um pouco selvagens.
Pelos velhos tempos.
Olivia.
Não me chame assim.
Uau...
Por favor, selecione sua fantasia.
Mmm ... Rachel.
Clássico.
Sua fachada foi selecionada por sua namorada.
English:
-Wife.
-Face the scanner.
Scanning in progress.
Calibration complete.
Remove your pants.
-Huh?
Care for a drink?
Sure.
Thanks.
Mm-hm.
It's incredible.
So strange.
Even your body seems different.
Your touch.
Your voice.
George. (laughs)
Rachel. (laughs)
Turkish:
-Kadın eş.
- Tarayıcıyı hızlandırın.
Tarama devam ediyor.
Kalibrasyon tamamlandı.
Pantolonunu çıkar.
-Huh?
Bir içki ister misin?
Emin.
Teşekkürler.
Hı hı.
İnanılmaz.
Çok garip.
Vücudun bile farklı görünüyor.
Temasın.
Sesin.
George. (Gülüşmeler)
Rachel. (Gülüşmeler)
Spanish:
-Esposa.
-Face el escáner.
Escaneo en progreso.
Calibración completa.
Quítate los pantalones.
-Huh?
¿Quieres tomar una copa?
Por supuesto.
Gracias.
Mm-hm.
Es increíble.
Tan extraño.
Incluso tu cuerpo parece diferente.
Tu toque.
Tu voz.
Jorge. (risas)
Rachel (risas)
Portuguese:
-Esposa.
-Face o scanner.
Digitalização em andamento.
Calibração concluída.
Retire as calças.
-Hã?
Quer tomar uma bebida?
Certo.
Obrigado.
Hum-hum.
É incrível.
Tão estranho.
Até seu corpo parece diferente.
Seu toque.
Sua voz.
George. (risos)
Rachel. (risos)
Turkish:
(Gülüşmeler)
Vay ... eh.
George Clooney, gerçekten mi? (Gülüşmeler)
(kıkırdar) Rachel McAdams?
Evet...
Rachel McAdams'ın fantezisini biliyorsun.
Güzel patlama olsa da.
Bu hoşuma gitti, hoş bir dokunuş.
Neden bahsediyorsun?
Bunlar benim patlamalarım.
Bilgisayar, simülasyonu durdur!
(ikisi de) Aman Tanrım…
-NE?!
... ah ... -I
Sen kimsin lan sen?
Ah ...
STEVE!
Portuguese:
(risos)
Eh ... Uau.
George Clooney, sério? (risos)
(risos) Rachel McAdams?
Sim...
Você conhece minha fantasia de Rachel McAdams.
Franja agradável, no entanto.
Eu gosto disso, é um toque agradável.
Do que você está falando?
Essas são as minhas franjas.
Computador, pare a simulação!
(ambos) Oh, meu Deus ...
-QUE?!
-Eu ...
Quem diabos é você ?!
Uh ...
STEVE!
Spanish:
(risas)
Eh ... Whoa.
George Clooney, ¿en serio? (risas)
(Risas) ¿Rachel McAdams?
Sí...
Conoces mi fantasía de Rachel McAdams.
Bonito flequillo, sin embargo.
Me gusta eso, es un buen toque.
¿De qué estás hablando?
Estas son mis explosiones.
Computadora, ¡pare la simulación!
(ambos) Dios mío ...
-¡¿QUÉ?!
-Yo ... eh ...
¿Quién mierda eres?
Uh ...
STEVE!
English:
(laughs)
Eh...Whoa.
George Clooney, really? (laughs)
(giggles) Rachel McAdams?
Yeah...
You know my Rachel McAdams fantasy.
Nice bangs, though.
I like that, it's a nice touch.
What are you talking about?
These are my bangs.
Computer, stop simulation!
(both) Oh, my God…
-WHAT?!
-I...uh…
Who the fuck are you?!
Uh...
STEVE!
Turkish:
Sakin ol, ben Nick.
STEVE!
-Sakin ol.
-Aman Tanrım. Sen benim erkek arkadaşım değilsin.
KAHRETSİN!
-HEEEELP!
-Çığlık atmayı kes!
YARDIM ET!
OLIVIAAAAAA ....
AAAAAAA ... (boğuk)!
(kısır çığlık atar)
Olivia?
Olivia!
George. (Gülüşmeler)
Rachel. (Gülüşmeler)
Portuguese:
Calma, eu sou Nick.
STEVE!
-Acalme-se.
-Oh meu Deus. Você não é meu namorado.
PORRA!
-HEEEELP!
-Pare de gritar!
SOCORRO!
OLIVIAAAAAA ....
(abafado) ... AAAAAAA!
(gritando abafada)
Olivia?
Olivia!
George. (risos)
Rachel. (risos)
English:
Calm down, I'm Nick.
STEVE!
-Calm down.
-Oh my God. You're not my boyfriend.
FUCK!
-HEEEELP!
-Stop screaming!
HELP!
OLIVIAAAAAA....
(muffled)...AAAAAAA!
(muffled screaming)
Olivia?
Olivia!
George. (laughs)
Rachel. (laughs)
Spanish:
Cálmate, soy Nick.
STEVE!
-Cálmese.
-Oh Dios mío. No eres mi novio
¡MIERDA!
-HEEEELP!
-¡Pará de gritar!
¡AYUDA!
OLIVIAAAAAA ....
(amortiguado) ... AAAAAAA!
(gritos ahogados)
Olivia?
Olivia!
Jorge. (risas)
Rachel (risas)
|
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Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande’s latest song
“Rain On Me” is officially out, so please
excuse us while we go add this to our social
distancing playlist and dance around our houses
all weekend.
Hey, everyone it’s Emile Ennis Jr. here
with Clevver News and Chromatica is already
proving to be well worth the wait!
Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande’s new single
“Rain On Me” is incredible and the music
video brings it to new heights.
Little Monsters have been waiting three plus
years for LG6, ever since Joanne came out
in October 2016.
Gaga blessed us all with her first single
Stupid Love off her new album, which we now
know is called Chromatica, back in February.
But unfortunately, in March, Gaga announced
that her album’s release had to be pushed
back due to the current global crisis.
In her post she wrote, “While I believe
art is one of the strongest things we have
to provide joy and healing to each other during
times like this, it just doesn't feel right
to me to release this album with all that
is going on in the world."
She also revealed that she had a surprise
appearance at Coachella in the works slated
for April, but as we all know that has since
been pushed back as well.
Gaga added, “I prefer that we spend this
time focusing on finding solutions.
It's important to me that the attention is
on getting essential medical equipment to
healthcare professionals, making sure kids
who depend on public schools for meals get
the assistance they need, and that we help
those who will be financially impacted."
But we are officially one week out from Chromatica’s
full release and Gaga just dropped the song
of the summer with Ariana Grande.
Fans of both stars went wild after the song’s
release with many taking to Twitter to hype
up the single just moments after its release
with one fan writing quote, “Wow Lady Gaga
and Ariana Grande really did that, absolutely
speechless.
What a SERVE HOLY SHIT.”
Another wrote, “Literally sweating from
dancing so much to Rain On Me!!!!! the gays
are thriving!!!!”
Another person chimed in and thanked the singers
for their honest music writing, “Gosh I
appreciate the way how music can heal you
so much more than ever !!! @ladygaga @ArianaGrande
thank you for this amazing art.
I love you guys..”
Someone else added that this was exactly the
kind of song we need to carry us through the
rest of this dark time, and we can’t say
that we don’t agree.
The fan wrote, “Just the duo I needed to
get me through isolation!!!
#RainOnMe.”
And possibly our favorite tweet of the release
was when Billy Eichner wrote, “Listening
to Rain on Me while sterilizing my door knobs.”
If that’s not relatable content I’m not
sure what is!
And just for a little back story, Ari and
Gaga’s friendship hasn’t always been the
way it is now, in fact, it started out just
the opposite.
While on Apple’s Beats 1 with Zane Lowe,
Gaga opened up about her friendship with Ariana
and how she feared she would be a bad influence
on Ari.
She said quote, "She was so persistent.
She would try over and over again to be friends
with me.
And I was too ashamed to hang out with her,
because I didn't want to project all of this
negativity onto something that was healing
and so beautiful."
Gaga also revealed that she has gone through
some “really hard life testing stuff”
before adding, “eventually she called me
on my sh*t.
She was, 'You're hiding.'
And I was like, 'I am hiding.
I'm totally hiding.'
And then this friendship blossomed."
And ladies and gentleman, that is how their
song “Rain On Me” was born, with Gaga
saying she wrote the song that night.
But when it comes to her new album Chromatica,
well, Gaga just has one simple message for
you saying, “If you're listening to this
album and you're suffering in any type of
way, just know that that suffering within
itself is a sign of your humanity and you
are not broken."
And, to seal the deal on this ultra sweet
friendship, Ariana shared a heartfelt post
just minutes after the song's release.
In the post, she said, “One time ..... I
met a woman who knew pain the same way I did...
who cried as much as I did, drank as much
wine as i did, ate as much pasta as I did
and who’s heart was bigger than her whole
body.
She immediately felt like a sister to me.
She then held my hand and invited me into
the beautiful world of chromatica and together,
we got to express how beautiful and healing
it feels to mothafinnnn cry ! I hope this
makes you all feel as uplifted as it does
for us both.
I love u Lady Gaga, you stunning superwoman!”
Gaga also had some sweet words of her own
to share writing, “One time I felt like
I was crying so much it would never stop.
Instead of fighting it, I thought bring it
on, I can do hard things.
Ariana Grande I love you for your strength
and friendship.
Let’s show them what we’ve got.
And speaking of the music video, we HAVE to
talk about it.
It was
the dance party we didn’t know we needed
and fans are saying it’s got all the best
things about both Gaga and Ari all in one
video.
One person commented on the vid writing quote,
“Director : how iconic do you want this
video to be?
Ari & Gaga : Yes”
Another person agreed chiming in with “oxford
dictionary should change iconic's definition
to this video”
And another fan added “This is a cultural
reset.
PERIODT”
And we couldn’t agree more.
Everything from the costumes, to the choreography,
to the PURE LOVE between them.
I mean can we roll the tapes on that shot
of Gaga and Ari embracing from the end of
the video.
But I want to know what you guys think about
all of this, be sure to let us know in the
comments below what you think of Lady Gaga
and Ariana’s new collab and what your favorite
part of the music video is.
And, if you want to hang out and stay on this
Little Monster train be sure to check out
this video right here
I’m your host, Emile Ennis Jr, bye guys!
|
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Where the jumped out of the bus has like fucking trails on they're all they're all try hards
They all our players have been playing for a while. Oh, there's trees down there Tyler. Look at that trees were growing back
It's starting to grow trees are doing
Nature's taking taking the divot back. Yeah good for them. We gotta check on the meteor dude. Maybe it's a fucking different now
It's true. There could be a monster coming out of it
yeah a
Monster coming out of it there could be there could be
People there a lot of people. Alright solid start. I'm gonna fucking semi-auto sniper. I'm a dead man. I'm dead as well
Nicola another sniper Nick looking good
What is exploding you me to come over
Here we're getting out of here get in quickly. Thank you
Oh
I see just slip over to our left go left. Yes inside this shopping market. Push me faster
Doesn't make very good turns
Valiant and see we always seen it over. It's just beginning
We're gonna make a big okay
We gotta park get out of my way you stay out quickly
Quickly, okay, sorry
Come on, get back in. All right. No, we're gonna do a drive-by with c4. This is perfect. But on the hill
I
Just realize they change the kill care is no longer school at all. It's more family friendly, dude
I'm into HP. He's right here. Wait. Okay, don't you take my shopping cart? Mr. Wick? I've already the rule
You never picked up my pump. I never picked up my pump on
The ground. Oh
I have two HP heels. I just read about with shield and I had one many left my bad. Oh
I mean out of it
Okay, all right we're shopping carts go I need
Heavy Kurt
Okay, leave it right it'll be like shopping Kurt. Oh my god, no one's coming
Let's go
Tell her what's time to take any zone damage? See? Let's see
What yeah, you can switch seats while you're going. Yeah
Push to tap. Oh you can do that. Oh my goodness. That didn't know that okay
You're gonna die do your can trouble I gotta get some heels
Gotta be something here, dude. Oh, oh goodbye each other. I'm leaving you
Nick you can't please come back
I'm gonna die. You gotta raise me, dude. Oh, yeah, it's doing right through my shopping cart those bandages up front here Tyler
Right here. Okay. Well, let me die first won't take long one and all right, you know be new
Okay, we'll get out of here. I threw my shopping cart toward the divot. It's over there somewhere
Give a shopping cart weight just manages. I got push me and I'm gonna use someone we're going gives you again
In for something cart, I found it
This is perfect we cover ground and I can still get a heel off on you
Push mush mush follow me go. I
Need that make it please. Oh my god
We've shotgun joust in the shop. Oh my god, we have to go all the way to Tilted dude. This game sucks
What is this game trying to ruin our fine?
Scheme is amazing this game ever fucking made. Oh
My lord, that is the funniest fucking shit in the world
I can't even breathe right now
Even breathe. Oh
My god
Joint oh shit. You see my sea for there you jerk
Diggs trickshot maybe. Oh, yes. Anyway miss appeals still but you know, we good we good we good for now
Almost like this shit eyes somebody on this thing y'all here we go. What happens if I get knocked while I'm here?
I don't know. We'll find out when you die. Oh, we fall off I got knocked right number
Let's get some speed babies a lot of shit. Dude. I like the wind strip shit. Yeah the wind stream
All we gained is some oh my
God
Yeah riding shotgun shot at a burger
Tiller
Fabiola evil problem. I don't get off this. I can't accept these
That'll work perfectly
Nailed it 100% first try
Niels oh shit, we gotta go again. What does he fork? Mine Oh,
Jeff back in here
What happened get peg what that saw is spacebar yeah, yeah
Keep trying to snipe us idiots not a chance no fucking shit. We're too fucking fast this way
No, son here push me in shotguns ready to LMG is ready. Goodbye. Bye
Stupid got a medkit on me. Okay? Okay. I don't work
About one minion here with me I thought it up there. I have six, okay
My shopping cart flipped over it's all good. We're good. We're good. I screw you down
Oh
You can you can flip it you a big deal good ready to go. There's no shopping cart. Let's look for the river do
shopping ready death Center out here
Keep going this way
Oh
It's hard to get used to because it's space to get off the other way and this eat on that side
All right, we're taking two. Yeah, we're just one weird one. Yeah, well this up
Pushing who's so worried? We'll go up here turn and then go down the red like you I like it
We're gonna go we're gonna make it here. We're gonna make it
Baby full speed ahead. He's got a shopping cart
Shopping carts
Oh
Drive out of destruction
He's fuckin good
This is the best game ever good news, I distracted them very well they're
Never touch. It's all of our experience of h1. That's helping us with these vehicles did
Yeah, it's definitely the only way we weren't in auction. It's the only way we win ever actually actually
Yeah, did you like to get in? Oh
Yeah, hold on I should probably use this medi for today put this big annoying pyramid. We don't have time. All right
Wait
So smooth oh yeah didn't covert quick tip. Well good. That's all good. We're good. We're good
Wow, you have some impeccable balance really, yeah
Goodness you're so bad kitchens over here and have to spray paint it
Yeah
That are ready to get from the war I didn't see any different tilted
I didn't have much time to look so glad I hired you as my personal slave to push me around ahead
We gotta go up this mountain it's time to make 20 this time 320
Yes tomatoes you can suppose me
Wait 20 okay over there. So like too many what a minute three. There's no right down here. Hold on
Okay, go grab that one no give you a few more come back come back come back, okay
This is the last team last one
I've gotta keep
Well ones in a window, well, this should be too too difficult ones in that window to the right
Come out
We gotta keep our shopping cart shouldíve alive you'll be laughing that they're shooting rockets get out of here. Oh
No, the rock is gonna be yummy
Mom, so sad dude
Fucking bastards
Good news, I could still so. Where's our rocket? Where's our where does it look? It's our there?
You can still push it down a hill and right on it. Yeah, you know, I will
There push close that's good
Crack rock car, where'd they get off? Clearly they just recently added some here
Oh my god, well, yeah that was the best game of my life how we had fun. We had fun. It was good
|
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Spanish:
Recientemente fui invitado
a una mega-iglesia
en San Antonio, Texas.
La iglesia Oak Hills.
Y es raro, porque
muchos ateos dirían:
"¿Te invitaron a hablar
en una mega-iglesia?
Me encantaría hablar en una mega-iglesia.
Sería increíble. Tengo tantas cosas que decirles.
Y es que:
"Sí, por eso es que no te invitan."
Pero eso pasó gracias a
uno de los pastores
de esa iglesia, Randy Frazee.
Hace mucho tiempo, visité su iglesia anónimamente
cuando escribía "Vendí mi alma en eBay"
y lo vi dando un servicio.
Escribí sobre lo que me gustó
de su sermón, y de lo que no me gustó.
Él se enteró, y me dijo:
"¿Sabes? Fuiste crítico comigo,
pero fue una crítica justa."
"¿Por qué no vuelves a mi iglesia?"
Estaba en Willow Creek, en Chicago.
Una enorme mega-iglesia
en Chicago.
Él dijo: "¿Por qué no subes
al escenario conmigo?"
"Hablaremos de lo que te gustó y no te gustó
de la iglesia y de los cristianos."
English:
Recently I got invited
to go to a megachurch
in San Antonio, Texas.
Oak Hills Church.
And that's weird,
because a lot of atheists are like,
"Oh, you got invited to speak
to a megachurch?
I would love to speak to a megachurch.
That would be amazing. I have so many things I would say to them.
It's like, "Yeah, that's why
you're not invited."
But the reason it even
came about is
one of the pastors at that church,
Randy Frazee.
A long time ago, I visited his church anonymously
when I was writing "I Sold My Soul on eBay"
and I saw him deliver a service.
And I wrote about what I liked about
his sermon, and what I didn't like.
And he caught wind of that,
and he said:
"You know, you were critical of me,
but it seemed like fair criticism."
"So, why don't you come back to my church?"
This was at Willow Creek in Chicago.
Big megachurch in Chicago.
He said: "Why don't you
come back onstage with me?"
"And we'll talk about what you liked and didn't like
about church. What you liked and didn't like about Christians."
English:
"And we'll do it on stage in front of," you know,
"thousands and thousands of Christians."
Because, you know, something that
they take very seriously
is evangelism and reaching out to people like me
who don't believe in God.
So, why not hear firsthand
how a lot of their
interaction comes off?
You know, so we had a really
pleasant conversation.
And it wasn't about,
you know, proving God's right or wrong. It wasn't about
scoring points with each other like a lot of debates are.
It was just about, you know, "Hey, look, if you are
a Christian, and you want to reach out to me,
don't preach a magical bible verse to me.
Don't put your hands on me like you're going to save me."
"Don't think that I haven't read the Bible,
because I promise you most atheists have read the Bible."
We talked about things like that. And the response
we got at Willow Creek was overwhelmingly positive.
That it wasn't contentious,
it was just a pleasant conversation.
And if a pastor and an atheist can do it on stage
in front of thousands of people,
why can't the Christians in the crowd do it with their
atheist friends at school, or at work, or in their own lives?
And so, that was
six years ago, or so.
Spanish:
"Y lo haremos en el escenario delante de miles
y miles de cristianos."
Porque algo que toman
muy en serio
es el evangelismo y llegar a personas como yo,
que no creen en Dios.
Entonces, ¿por qué no observar
de primera mano
el resultado de esa interacción?
Así que, tuvimos una conversación
muy agradable.
Y la intención no era
probar si Dios está bien o mal.
Ni tratamos de anotar puntos como si fuera un debate.
Eran cosas como:
"Oye, si eres cristiano, y quieres llegar a mí,
no me prediques con versículos mágicos de la Biblia.
Ni me impongas tus manos como si fueras a salvarme."
"No asumas que no he leído la Biblia, porque
te aseguro que la mayoría de ateos la ha leído."
Hablamos de esas cosas. Y la respuesta que recibimos
en Willow Creek fue abrumadoramente positiva.
No fue polémico, sólo fue
una conversación agradable.
Y si un pastor y un ateo pueden hacerlo
en un escenario delante de miles de personas,
¿por qué los cristianos presentes no pueden hacerlo
con sus amigos ateos en la escuela, en el trabajo, o en sus vidas?
Eso fue hace seis años,
o algo así.
English:
So, Randy Frazee now pastors
at a church in Texas, and he said:
"Why don't we try doing that again, because, you know,
for one, this crowd hasn't heard that conversation,
and it was fun.
Why not just try it again?"
And so, again, we went in with just those few ground
rules: We're not about to score points, we're not trying to
beat down the other with our arguments
and prove the other person is wrong.
The goal is just to have
a real conversation
about our differences of beliefs
and show the people in the congregation
that you can have these conversations,
you can talk about, you know,
how Christians make me feel,
and I think they deserve to know that.
You should know that if you treat me in a certain way,
there's nothing you can say or do
that's gonna make me want to come to your side.
And there are ways to have a conversation
where both sides feel respected, but
you could still kind of hold on
to your beliefs.
So, we had this conversation. We did it
four times over the course of a weekend.
There may have been, at least,
like 8,000 people there.
And apparently,
from what I read,
Spanish:
Randy Frazee ahora es pastor
en una iglesia en Texas, y dijo:
"¿Por qué no lo hacemos de nuevo?
Esta congregación no ha oído ese diálogo,
y además fue divertido.
¿Por qué no lo intentamos de nuevo?"
Y de nuevo, arrancamos con estas simples reglas
básicas: No anotamos puntos, ni estamos tratando de
derrotar al otro con nuestros argumentos,
ni demostrar que el otro está equivocado.
El objetivo es simplemente
tener una genuina conversación
sobre nuestra diferencia
de creencias,
y mostrarle a la congregación
que se pueden tener estas conversaciones,
que puedo decir cómo
los cristianos me hacen sentir,
y que merecen saberlo.
Que si me tratan de cierta manera,
no hay nada que puedan decir o hacer,
que me haga ponerme de su lado.
Y que hay formas de tener una conversación
donde ambos lados se sientan respetados, y
no obstante, puedes mantener
tus creencias.
Así que tuvimos esa conversación.
Lo hicimos cuatro veces durante un fin de semana.
Allí había, al menos,
8,000 personas.
Y al parecer,
por lo que he leído,
English:
a few people actually walked out before I ever got on
stage. So, they just didn't want to hear what an atheist have to say about anything.
And that's disappointing.
But most people stayed and most people--
A lot of people came up to me after the services.
And they were just very nice, and they said,
you know, they appreciated my being there.
You know, it's kind of weird
for an atheist to go in front of
8,000 Christians and talk about atheism.
But they made me feel very nice,
and comfortable, and at home.
And of course, you know,
a lot of people afterwards
they prayed for me. They told me
they prayed for me. They hoped
I would see the light.
They wished me luck on my path.
That's one I found interesting.
They wished me luck
on my journey.
As if I'm not done with my journey,
because the end of the journey would be
I believe in God.
And it's like I kind of want to tell them, you know,
"Well, you're praying for me, I will think for you, I guess."
And if you think I'm--
Wish me luck on my journey.
I feel like I've already
finished that journey
and I feel like I'm at the right place.
So, you know, it's funny how even after they heard
this conversation between myself and the pastor,
Spanish:
muy pocos se marcharon antes de que yo subiera al
escenario.No querían escuchar lo que un ateo tenía para decir, no importa qué.
Eso es decepcionante.
Pero la mayoría se quedó, y muchos se acercaron
a mí después del servicio.
Fueron muy amables, y dijeron
que apreciaban que yo estuviera allí.
Resulta extraño
para un ateo estar delante de 8,000 cristianos
y hablar sobre ateísmo.
Pero me hicieron sentir muy bien,
muy cómodo, y como en casa.
Y por supuesto,
muchos de ellos
oraron por mí. Dijeron que
oraron por mí. Que esperaban
que yo viera la luz.
Me desearon suerte en mi camino.
Esa me pareció interesante.
Me desearon suerte
en mi travesía.
Como si no hubiera terminado mi travesía,
porque el final del viaje sería
que yo crea en Dios.
Y yo quisiera decirles:
"Muy bien, oren por mí, y yo pensaré por ustedes".
Y si creen que yo...
Deséenme suerte en mi travesía,
Siento que ya he
finalizado ese viaje, y siento
que estoy en el lugar correcto.
Es gracioso cómo, incluso después de escuchar
la conversación entre el pastor y yo,
English:
they still said things that, in the back of
my head, I'm like, "That's really off-putting."
"And I know you mean well.
So, I'm not gonna like
start an argument
with you here."
But it's amazing how "Christianese" just kind of
seeps into their everyday language.
And, you know, one of the things I saw
when I went to the church.
Randy showed me the introduction-- Pastor Randy
Frazee showed me the introduction he was going to use.
And because my website is
FriendlyAtheist, he said, you know,
"Hemant isn't an angry atheist."
Then, you know, we had a conversation
about that, and I said,
"You know? I don't like that because
it suggests that every atheist but me is angry,
and we're really not.
And he was very nice. He's like, "Oh, well,
let me change that, because I don't want to
imply that at all."
And there were a few times back and forth
where, you know, we talked beforehand
about what we wanted
this conversation to be like.
And anytime
there was anything that
I didn't like, or he didn't like,
we could just say it to each other and
we fixed it
right then and there.
I thought it was a really good dialogue.
I thought it was fun.
I thought it was informative.
I think a lot of churches
would do well
Spanish:
seguían diciendo cosas que, en el fondo,
yo pensaba: "Eso es desagradable".
"Sé que tus intenciones son buenas.
Por eso, no voy a
empezar a discutir contigo aquí."
Pero es sorprendente cómo el lenguaje cristiano
se filtra en su lenguaje cotidiano.
Una de las cosas que observé
cuando fui a la iglesia.
El Pastor Randy Frazee me mostró
la introducción que iba a dar.
Y como mi sitio web es "FriendlyAtheist"
(Ateo Amistoso), él dijo:
"Hemant no es un ateo iracundo."
Tuvimos una conversación
al respecto, y le dije:
" Eso no me gusta, porque sugiere
que todo ateo, menos yo, es iracundo.
Y no lo somos.
Él fue muy amable y dijo:
"Muy bien, voy a cambiar eso. No quiero
implicar eso
en absoluto."
Y hubo ocasiones
en las que hablamos de antemano
sobre cómo queríamos
que fuera esa conversación.
Y cada vez que hubo
algo que
no me agradara, o a él,
lo decíamos el uno al otro, y
lo arreglábamos allí mismo.
Creo que fue un buen diálogo
y que fue divertido.
Creo que fue informativo.
Creo que muchas iglesias
harían bien
English:
to find local atheists
to come to their church and
just talk about religion and talk
about atheism in a way that's not,
you know, hammering it down
everyone's throat.
Because, believe me,
a lot of evangelical Christians
want to know how to
reach out to atheists.
I don't think it's gonna work,
but that doesn't mean I'm not going to have an
interaction with you, and if you're going to have those interactions, you should know how to do it.
So, that it's respectful
as much as it can be,
and so that you can leave
at the end of the day
shaking each other's hands
and still being friends.
And after four services
with pastor Frazee,
we shook each other's hands and we're still on good
terms. So, I think that's a victory for both of us.
My name is Hemant Mehta.
I write at FriendlyAtheist.com
And if you have any questions for us,
please leave them in the comments.
Spanish:
en buscar ateos locales
que vengan a su iglesia y
hablen sobre religión y ateísmo
de una manera que no sea
martillándolo en la garganta
de todos.
Porque, créeme,
muchos cristianos evangélicos
quieren saber cómo
llegar a los ateos.
No creo que vaya a funcionar,
pero no significa que no tendré una interacción
contigo. Y si la hay, deberías saber cómo hacerlo.
Es respetuoso en la medida
de lo posible,
y puedes salir
al final del día
con un apretón de manos
y todavía siendo amigos.
Después de cuatro servicios
con el pastor Frazee,
nos estrechamos las manos y seguimos en buenos
términos. Creo que es una victoria para ambos.
Me llamo Hemant Mehta.
Escribo en FriendlyAtheist.com
Si tienes preguntas para nosotros,
por favor déjalas en los comentarios.
|
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|
Say Happy Birthday, come on
you can do it, it is Karthi's birthday
Happy Birthday Karthi
Happy Birthday Karthi
Happy Birthday Karthi
Happy Birthday Karthi
Happy Birthday Karthi
I hope you get to enjoy all your favorite things
Happy Birthday to my friend Karthi
Wishing you a very happy birthday
from the tip of my tail
to the end of my nose
and may all your dreams come true
Breaking News: It is Karthi's birthday again!
How is that even possible?
Didn't we just celebrate this last year?
Stay tuned for a rundown on all the
birthday party festivities
Happy Birthday my friend Karthi!
Happy Birthday Karthi
Happy Birthday Karthi
Can you help me find Karthi's party?
Happy Birthday Karthi
Happy Birthday Karthi
Wait... What?
You can talk?
Please subscribe to our YouTube channel
Like this video and leave a comment.
Maybe tell me something special
about your dogs.
Now, let's get Karthi's party started!
[Music]
|
{
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
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|
[CHEERING]
- Lori!
- Hi, Bobby.
- Leni!
- Get it off!
Get it off!
- Luna!
Woo!
Luan!
Lynn!
- Hee-yoo!
- Lucy!
Aah!
Lana!
Eeh!
Lola!
Lisa!
- Hahahaha!
Lily!
Li-Li-Li-Li-Li-Li-Li-Li-Lincoln!
Woo-hoo!
[THEME MUSIC]
THEME SONG: Running
through the crowded halls.
Playing fetch with tennis balls.
Gotta stay awake till lunchtime.
Leaping into laundry piles.
Breath that you can
smell for miles.
A pug's gotta do what
he can to survive.
In the Pug House,
in the Pug House!
Bark, play, growl, and sleep,
and then we eat some treats.
In the Pug House,
in the Pug House!
Good boys, good girls
livin' in a doggy world.
Pug!
House!
Pug!
Pug House!
|
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}
|
Korean:
그는 사상 최악의 게임을 플레이 해요.
어떤 게임이 제일 부랄을 빠는지 알아보기 위해요.
Angry Video Game Nerd가 왔어요.
그는 리스트를 만들고 두번 확인해요.
집에 가서는 치킨 라이스를 먹고요.
Angry Video Game Nerd가 왔어요.
그는 구린내가 나는 게임을 싫어해요.
어떤 게임을 박살 내야 하는지 알고요.
그냥 모든 게임을 싫어하는 걸수도 있어요.
왜냐면 존나게 빡쳐있으니까요.
이 게임들을 해볼 생각을 가져선 절대 안 돼요.
플레이 해서는 절대로 안 돼요. 그가 이유를 말해줄테니.
Angry Video Game Nerd 가 왔어요.
-Angry Video Game Nerd 가 왔어요.
-소원 목록 1부
80년대 때 부모님들은 크리스마스 선물을 온라인으로 사주지 않았어요.
왜냐면 인터넷이 존재하지를 않았으니까요.
그때는 모두 카탈로그를 봤죠.
Italian:
Lui gioca ai giochi
peggiori che conosce,
e scoprirā quale fa pių cagare,
l'Angry Video Game Nerd č qui!
Oh, lui fa una lista
e la controlla due volte,
poi se ne va a casa
a mangiar pollo e riso,
l'Angry Video Game Nerd č qui!
Lui odia i giochi schifosi,
sa quali giochi spaccare,
puō darsi che li odi tutti
solo perché č pazzo,
per la miseria!
Dovresti far attenzione
a non provarli,
č meglio che non ci giochi
e lui ti dice il perché,
l'Angry Video Game Nerd č qui!
Negli anni '80 i nostri genitori
non ordinavano i regali online,
visto che Internet non esisteva ancora!
Allora si usavano i cataloghi!
Italian:
Ogni grande catena di negozi come Sears e JCPenney
stampava questi libri dei desideri delle vacanze!
Perciō ogni anno era tradizione
sfogliare questi libri
e cerchiare quello che avremmo
voluto ricevere da Babbo Natale.
In questi libri c'era qualsiasi
cosa immaginabile.
E c'erano i videogiochi ovviamente. Un sacco
di stronzate tipo il Roll and Rocker
e "Dr. Jekyll e Mr. Hyde"... a $39,87??
Criminali.
Parlando di prezzi, fa ridere che a un certo punto
il NES e l'Atari 7800 costassero uguale.
Ma il 7800 si diceva avesse
"joystick super sensibili",
dato che sapevano che i controller
del 5200 erano dei pezzi di merda.
Giā, avere un controller sensibile
č una necessitā, non credete?
Korean:
Sears나 JCPenney 같은 대형 백화점 에서는 선물 카탈로그를 만들어냈죠.
그래서, 이 책들을 훑어보고 산타가 가져다주길 바라는 선물에 동그라미를 치는것은 전통이 되었었죠.
상상할수 있는 거의 대부분의 선물들이 이 책에 다 있었죠.
물론 비디오 게임도 있었죠.
롤앤 락커같은 쓰레기들이 보이시나요?
그리고 지킬 박사와 하이드씨가 39.87 달러라고요?
완전 범죄네요.
가격 이야기가 나와서 말인데, 어쩔때는 NES랑 아타리 7800이 둘다 같은 가격인적도 있었어요.
7800 설명에는 "굉장히 반응이 빠른 조이스틱" 이라고 쓰여있습니다.
왜냐면 지들도 아타리 5200 컨트롤러가 똥덩어리 였다는걸 알았으니까요.
맞아요. 그러니 반응이 빠른 컨트롤러가 있는게 필수겠죠?
Italian:
Inoltre coesistevano videocamere
super8 e a VHS.
Una nuova videocamera VHS
poteva costare 1000 testoni!
Eh sė! Potervi registrare
direttamente era un lusso!
La mia famiglia ha sempre
dovuto noleggiarne una.
C'erano action figures,
Ninja Turtles, Inhumanoids,
i Real Ghostbusters e gli altri Ghostbusters
di cui a nessuno fregava un cazzo,
la gigantesca portaerei G.I. Joe,
qualsiasi tipo di giocattoli... tutto!
E si capiva che chi ha fotografato queste
action figures non ci capiva nulla.
Perché Lion-o e Mumm-Ra stanno
viaggiando assieme nel Thundertank?
E perché "laser" č fra virgolette?
L'ha forse scritto il Dottor Male?
Ma non riesco a rendere
giustizia a questi libri.
Vi consiglio caldamente, se ne trovate uno,
di darci un'occhiata. Č davvero un viaggio.
Quando dico che in questi libri c'era
di tutto, intendo proprio TUTTO.
Roba di scienza, cavalli,
gioielli, intimo,
in una pagina c'č roba per bambini
e in quella dopo del tabacco.
Korean:
그리고, 슈퍼 8 카메라 랑 VHS 카메라도 같이 있었어요.
새 VHS 카메라는 1000달러나 했었죠.
맞아요. 여러분 모습을 찍는것도 그때는 사치였죠.
우리 가족은 항상 빌려쓰거나 그랬습니다.
액션 피규어들도 있었죠. 닌자 거북이나...
인휴머노이드,
진짜 고스트버스터즈 도 있고, 아무도 신경 안쓰는 고스트버스터즈도 있고요.
거대한 G.I 조 항공모함도 있었고...
모든 장난감이란 장난감은 다있었어요. 모든것들이요.
이 피규어들을 찍은 작가들이 이것들에 대해 전혀 모르고 있다는것도 알수있었죠.
어째서 라이언 오 와 멈므라 가 같이 썬더 탱크에 타고있는거죠?
그리고 왜 레이저를 따옴표랑 같이썼죠? 닥터 이블이 썼나요?
그렇다고 전 이 책을 뭐라 할수 없어요.
만약 이런 책들을 발견하시면 꼭 읽어보시는걸 추천드립니다. 정말 빠져들어요.
제가 이 책에는 모든것들이 있다고 했던것은 말 그대로 모든것들을 말한거에요.
과학 물품들...
말들...
귀금속에 속옷에...
아이들 장난감 페이지를 넘기면 바로 담배가 있는 페이지를 볼수있고요.
Korean:
이런 책들은 대개 부모님에게 무슨 선물을 사달라고 할지 말하는 아이들 전용이지만..
색칠공부를 하는 칸도 있었어요.
그러다가 갑자기 칼이 나와요 그리고 총도!
끔찍하잖아요, 애들이 그냥 넘기다가 볼수도 있다고요!
여러분은 온갖 아이들 전용 침낭 페이지를 보고있다가
그 페이지 바로 뒤에 총 진열대가 있는 페이지를 보실수 있습니다.
마리오 침낭 페이지 바로 뒤에 총 들이 있다고요!
것도 엄청 많이요!
다시 비디오 게임으로 돌아가죠.
항상 설명칸은 의문이 가득했었죠.
예를들어 젤다는 뭐라 쓰여있냐면...
전쟁광을 막기위해 크리스탈을 모아라.
제가 들어본 젤다 설명중에 가장 최악이네요.
NES로 나온 가라데 키드는 전혀 다른 화면을 내놨고요.
대체 이건 어디서 구한겁니까? 이건 가라데 키드가 아니잖아요.
세가 마스터즈 시스템으로 나온 고스트 버스터즈에는 뭐라 적혔냐면...
"재미를 찾아보아라"
오, 그러시겠지.
그리고 고저를 고르자라고 써놓은 오타도 있네요.
그리고 타이거 게임들이 있습니다... 세상에...
Italian:
Questi libri erano principalmente per i bambini,
cosė che dicessero ai genitori cosa volevano,
ci sono anche pagine da colorare,
ma poi c'erano cose
come coltelli, e armi!
Č terribile che un bambino
sfogliando veda queste cose!
Una pagina č piena di sacchi
a pelo per bambini,
e subito dietro c'č
un armadietto per armi!
Proprio sotto il sacco a pelo di Mario
c'č un assortimento di pistole!
E ce n'erano un sacco!
Ma torniamo ai videogiochi. Un sacco di
volte le descrizioni erano discutibili.
Per Zelda dice: "Raccogli cristalli
per fermare signori della guerra".
...Questa č la peggior descrizione
di Zelda che abbia mai sentito.
Su "Karate Kid" per NES
c'č l'immagine sbagliata.
E questa da dove l'hanno presa?
Non č "Karate Kid"!
In "Ghostbusters" per Sega Master System
dice: "Spaventati dal divertimento".
Oh, ci puoi scommettere!
E conserva il refuso "Gorza"
invece di Gozer.
Poi ci sono i giochi Tiger! Oh mamma!
Korean:
당신은 초고속 레이스의 스릴을 느끼는 자동차에 탑승해있다!
신나는 액션들이 가득?
현실에 가까운 그래픽과 사운드 효과? 씨발 지금 장난까냐?
게임이 좋고 나쁘고는 전혀 적혀있지 않았어요.
젤다랑 같은 카탈로그에 있으면 다 좋은 게임이라고 생각할거 아닙니까.
아까도 언급했지만 이때는 인터넷이 없던 시절입니다.
어떤 게임이 꼬추를 빠는지에 대한 온라인 리뷰가 전혀 없었어요.
거의 도박이었죠.
가진 정보라곤 게임 화면과 대충 쓰인 설명, 그리고 가끔은 그 게임에 대한 소문들밖에 없었죠.
저희는 대부분 좀 유명한것들이 있는 게임에 끌렸었죠.
'스케이트가 아니면 죽음을' 이 그런것들이었죠.
스케이트에 대한것을 다루는 게임이였죠. 그리고 모히칸 머리의 로드니 데인져 필드에게 초대받는것하고요.
여러분이 스케이트 보드에 대해 아무것도 몰라도 그들의 문화에 같이 끼어들고 싶을겁니다.
멋져보이고 싶은거죠.
반짝이는 네온 의류를 입고 글램 락을 들으면서 스케이트 보드를 최소한 도전해보는거죠.
그리고 실력이 좋지 않다면 바닥에 넘어져서 다칠테고요.
Italian:
"Siete al volante in questa vera corsa
ad alto tasso di adrenalina!"
"Pieno di eccitante azione!"
"Grafica ed effetti sonori realistici!"
Mi state prendendo fottutamente in giro??
Non si poteva prevedere se un gioco
sarebbe stato bello o no,
se era nello stesso catalogo di Zelda..
pensavi sarebbe stato fantastico!
Come ho giā detto, questa era
l'era A.I., Avanti Internet,
non c'erano recensioni online che vi dicessero
se un gioco faceva cagare il cazzo.
Era un salto nel buio: avevate solo un'immagine,
una debole descrizione e a volte il passaparola.
Di solito eravamo attratti da giochi
che avevano una sorta di reputazione.
"Skate or Die" era uno di loro.
Un gioco sullo skateboarding e condotto
da Rodney Dangerfield con la cresta.
Anche se non sapevate nulla di skateboarding,
volevate far parte della cultura,
volevate essere alla moda!
Esattamente com'era essenziale indossare brillanti
colori neon e ascoltare glam rock,
si doveva almeno
provare lo skateboard.
Se non eravate bravi cascavate
di faccia facendovi male,
Italian:
poi giocavate a sto gioco
e vi punivate ancora di pių!
L'unica cosa che fate
č cadere, cadere, cadere!
Il solo modo decente per giocarci
č padroneggiare i suoi astrusi controlli.
Č come imparare a camminare
all'indietro su una fune.
E una volta che diventate bravi nei 5 minigiochi...
vi rendete conto che non c'č altro!
Due diverse gare di halfpipe, un torneo,
un time trial e una gara cosė corti
che li finite in meno di un minuto.
Quasi ogni bambino aveva questo gioco
nella sua collezione, prima o poi,
aveva una musica figa, uno slogan accattivante
e indicava tutto ciō che era ganzo negli anni '80,
ma il gioco... era una fottuta merda.
Merda che tenemmo con passione.
"Skate o Muori"... ripensandoci,
avrei voluto scegliere la seconda.
Poi c'č "Bad Dudes", o "Bad Dude"
come scritto sul libro.
Giā il nome, "BAD", indicava
che doveva essere figo,
un'altra prova di come non
capissimo un cazzo di niente!
Korean:
그리고 집에가서 대신 이걸 하는데 것보다 더한 고문을 직접 본인에게 선사하는겁니다!
이 게임에서 하는거라곤 넘어지고, 넘어지고, 넘어지는겁니다.
이 게임을 정상적으로 하고싶으면 이 어색한 조작을 마스터 하는겁니다.
꼭 외줄타기를 하면서 스스로 뒤로가는법을 배우려는거같아요.
그리고 이 5개의 미니게임들에 숙달되면 깨달으실겁니다. 이게 게임의 전부라는걸요!
두개의 다른 하프 파이프 경기,
자우스팅(넘어지면 패배)
그리고 1분안에 깰수있는 타임 트라이얼과 레이스가 있습니다.
거의 모든 애들은 이 게임을 가지고 있었어요.
멋진 음악에, 재밌는 제목, 그리고 80년대때 멋진 것들을 다 합해놓은거였죠.
그치만 게임은 씨발 병신이였죠.
열정을 가지고 했던 똥이었습니다.
스케이트가 아니면 죽음을?
지금와서 생각해보면.. 전 후자를 택하겠습니다.
그리고 '나쁜 녀석들'이 있습니다. 아니면 이 책이 말하는 대로 '나쁜 녀석' 이거나..
이름 그대로 '나쁜' 이라는 이름을 가졌으니 좋을거라 기대하지 않겠습니까?
실제로 했을땐 모든것이 개판이였죠.
그냥 단조로운 버튼 누르기 게임입니다. 거기에 어색한 움직임,
Korean:
큰 히트박스,
그리고 뒤바뀐 조작까지 가지고 있죠.
이 게임도 B와 A 버튼이 뒤바뀐 게임들중 하나입니다. B가 점프, A가 공격으로요. 원래는 뭐가 정상인지 아시겠죠.
물론 이건 80년대 초에 나온 비뎀업 게임이라 그때 당시에는 굉장했고 남자스러웠죠.
이 게임을 한다는건 여러분이 상남자라는 증거였죠.
그렇지만 그렇게 먹혀들진 않았어요. 차라리 파이널 파이트3 를 하고싶게 만들었죠.
그래도 남긴것은 있는 게임이죠. 그때 당시엔 가장 유명한 오프닝 장면까지 있었습니다.
"네놈은 대통령을 구할정도로 Bad 한가?"
'Bad'... 그게 대체 뭐길래요?
Bad 라는 단어를 멋지게 인식시켜준 마이클 잭슨탓을 할수도 있겠죠.
그리고 파워글러브에 대해 말하던 루카스의 말은 듣지 말았어야 했습니다.
그리고 뭐 가끔은...'Bad'는 원래 뜻을 의미하기도 하고요.
"나는 나쁘다!"
항상 제 최악의 리스트에 있는건 "가라데 챔피언" 이었어요.
이 게임은 지금 해봐도 그때 느낀 끔찍한 감정을 느낄수있죠.
1:1 격투 게임의 초기 게임이라고 볼수있죠. 그치만...
세상에.. 아주 떡을 쳐놨네요.
Italian:
Č un monotono pigiapulsanti con movimenti
sgraziati, orribile rilevamento dei colpi
e controlli del culo. Ed č un altro
di quei giochi con B e A invertiti,
con B si salta e con A si attacca, mentre
sapete come dovrebbe essere invece.
Certo, erano ancora gli inizi dei picchiaduro,
perciō all'epoca era splendido e macho.
Giocare a questo simboleggiava che eri
un vero uomo! Ma non č invecchiato bene,
ti invoglia a giocare
a "Final Fight 3", invece.
Comunque, ha un'ereditā e una delle
schermate d'apertura pių famose di sempre:
"Sei un tipo abbastanza cattivo
da salvare il Presidente?"
"Bad"... ma perché?
Forse dobbiamo incolpare Michael Jackson
per aver reso la parola "Bad" cosė stupenda,
ma non avremmo mai dovuto ascoltare
Lucas riguardo al Power Glove.
A volte "bad" vuol
dire proprio quello.
Uno che č sempre stato sulla
mia lista nera č "Karate Champ".
Č uno di quei giochi che era orribile
allora proprio come adesso.
Č uno dei primi esempi di picchiaduro
1vs1, ma BUON DIO se l'hanno sputtanato!
In tutti gli anni in cui
ho ripreso questo gioco,
Korean:
몇년에 걸쳐서 다시 이 게임을 해봤는데도, 아직도 어떻게 기술을 쓰는지 모르겠습니다.
그냥 버튼만 막눌러서 무슨일이 일어나는지만 보고있다고요.
설명서는 나름 말이 되게 쓰여있지만, 너무 복잡하고 직관적이지가 않습니다.
상대방을 때리는건 순전히 랜덤입니다.
대부분 공격은 거의 빗나가요.
상대방이 막고있는것 같지는 않잖아요. 주먹이랑 발은 상대방을 뚫고요! 마치 유령이랑 싸우는거같이.
상대방을 때리는게 힘든데,
상대방을 바라보게 하는건 더힘들어요.
스스로 자리를 돌게 하는 기술이 있는거 같은데요.
왜 게임이 다른 방향을 보고있게 해주는겁니까?
다시 그 기술을 써서 제자리로 오게 하는건 매우 드물기때문에
결국엔 점프만 해대서 맞대는 방향에 맞춰주는 방법밖에 없죠.
좀 돌아보라고!
이 조작감은 코난, 동계 올림픽, 어둠의 성 급입니다.
그렇지만 정확히 평가를 내리면... 이 게임이 제일 최악이네요.
현존 게임중 가장 최악의 조작감입니다.
Italian:
non ho mai capito come fare
qualsiasi mossa volontariamente.
Pestavo solo i pulsanti per
vedere cosa sarebbe successo.
Il manuale cerca di dargli un senso, ma č davvero
troppo complicato e non c'č nulla di intuitivo!
Si colpisce l'avversario per puro caso.
Il pių delle volte lo mancate.
Ma non perché stia bloccando, i vostri pugni
e calci gli passano attraverso!
Come se steste combattendo un fantasma!
Č giā abbastanza difficile colpire l'avversario,
ma lo č ancora di pių stargli di fronte!
A quanto pare alcune
mosse vi fanno girare.
Perché il gioco vi permette
di guardare dall'altra parte?
Raramente sono riuscito a rifare
quella mossa per riorientarmi,
perciō di solito salto ovunque per tornare
a guardare nella direzione giusta!
Girati!!
Questi controlli sono sullo stesso livello
di "Conan", "Winter Games" e "Dark Castle",
ma secondo un'analisi pių attenta...
credo li battano tutti.
I controlli fottutamente
peggiori esistenti!
Italian:
E non c'č varietā, a parte un livello bonus
in cui vi volano contro un sacco di merdate.
Č senza speranza, e a parte quello, affrontate
lo stesso tizio per tutto il gioco.
Anzi, non c'č alcuna differenza tra i due, č lo stesso
tizio che combatte se stesso per l'eternitā!
Certo, gli sfondi cambiano, ma non
influenzano affatto il gameplay.
Pure i personaggi non sembrano esistere
nella stessa dimensione degli sfondi.
Indipendentemente dalla prospettiva e
dall'illuminazione, sono sempre identici.
Come abbia fatto una tale spazzatura a venir
rilasciata, sarā sempre un mistero.
Pure noleggiarlo sarebbe
uno spreco di tempo.
Beh, nella tradizione della lista dei desideri,
i miei fan hanno fatto una lista per conto loro,
di giochi di cui vorrebbero che parlassi.
Perciō č ora di esaudire alcune richieste!
Guardiamo in fondo alla calza, scaviamo sotto la
montagna di carbone, dritti verso le pepite di merda!
La richiesta che sento in continuazione č:
"i giochi brutti di Sonic the Hedgehog".
Quali giochi brutti di Sonic?
Korean:
그리고 다양성도 없어요, 보너스 스테이지만 빼고요. 온갖 잡것들을 여러분에게 던지죠.
희망이 없는 상황입니다.
그걸 제외하면 같은 상대하고 끝까지 싸우는게 다에요.
그리고 보면 두 캐릭터 사이에 차이점이 없어요.
똑같은 사람끼리 영원히 싸우는거라고요.
물론 배경이 바뀌긴 하지만 게임 플레이에 영향을 주진 않습니다.
심지어 캐릭터들도 뒷 배경이랑은 전혀 다른 차원에 존재하는거 같아요.
어느 시점에서 보건, 빛이 있건 없건 항상 같은곳에 있습니다.
어떻게 이런 고물덩어리가 출시된건지는 평생 의문으로 남을겁니다.
심지어 빌려서 하더라도 시간낭비 일뿐입니다.
뭐, 전통적인 소원 목록처럼, 제 팬들도 제가 리뷰해주길 바라는 게임을 보낸사람도 있어요.
그러니, 그중 몇 게임에 대해 응답해줄 시간입니다.
그러니 스타킹속에서 석탄덩어리를 파내서 똥 조각들을 찾아보죠.
제가 가장 많이 받은 요청은 바로 구린 소닉게임입니다.
무슨 구린 소닉 게임이요?
Italian:
I giochi di Sonic the Hedgehog
erano fantastici!
Era il marchio di punta di Sega!
Anche senza la varietā dei giochi di Mario, fece
comunque voltare la testa ai fan Nintendo.
"Sonic 2" fu il gioco che mi fece
comprare un Sega Genesis.
Questi giochi ospitavano azione rapidissima,
grafica colorata e musica deliziosa.
Il personaggio era alla moda e vanitoso.
Era cosė divertente farlo correre
e rimbalzare dappertutto!
Perciō dove sono sti "brutti giochi
di Sonic" di cui parlano tutti?
Beh, ho approfondito.
Ecco "Sonic Blast" per Game Gear.
Urgh, qui di certo non
c'č il "blast processing"!
Dai dai dai!
..."Sonic BLAST"?
Si sarebbe dovuto
chiamare "Sonic Lumaca"!
Poco altro da dire, č solo
la versione povera di Sonic.
Poi c'č "Sonic Labyrinth",
che sperimentō la prospettiva 3D.
Fallendo.
Korean:
소닉 게임은 굉장했다고요!
세가의 주력 시리즈 였죠.
마리오 게임처럼 변종이 많은건 아니지만
닌텐도 팬들도 고개를 돌려보게 해줬다고요.
소닉 2 는 제가 세가 제네시스를 사게된 원인입니다.
소닉 게임은 빠른 스크롤링 액션, 다채로운 그래픽, 그리고 즐거운 음악이 특징이죠.
캐릭터또한 멋지고 잘나보였습니다. 그리고 이리저리 튀어다니게 하는것도 정말 재밌었죠.
그래서 사람들은 대체 어떤 구린 소닉 게임에 대해 말하는걸까요?
뭐, 꽤 살펴봤습니다.
게임 기어로 나온 소닉 블래스트 입니다.
빠른 처리 기능은 전혀 들어가있지 않군요.
가라, 가라, 가라!
소닉 블래스트(Blast)?
차라리 느림보 소닉 이라고 하지 (Slow-Ass) 그럽니까
말할 것도 별로 없습니다. 그냥 가난한 사람들 전용 소닉입니다.
그리고 소닉 미궁이 있습니다.
이 게임은 3D 시점을 실험하려고 만든 게임입니다. 그치만 실패했죠.
Italian:
I controlli sono un casino, la camminata di Sonic
č noiosa e la rotolata lo fa solo schiantare contro il muro!
A meno di non farle nel posto giusto.
Comunque, sono giochi portatili, che vi aspettate?
Allora la convenienza di portarsi dietro un gioco
significava spesso un compromesso
per la giocabilitā.
Poi c'č "Sonic R" per Sega Saturn,
che pure ho sentito sia terribile.
Oh mamma, avevano ragione.
Č praticamente un gioco di corse,
una versione merdosa di Mario Kart.
Lo sterzo č cosė poco sensibile che riesco
a malapena a stare sulla pista!
Oh, dai, dai!
E ho sempre paura che glitchi, che cascherō fuori
dai confini, nel limbo non programmato!
Un altro di cui mi hanno parlato
č "Sonic Shuffle" per Dreamcast.
Esatto, l'ultima console Sega!
Una buona console da far uscire,
ma lo stesso non si
puō dire di questo gioco.
Korean:
조작감은 정신없고
소닉도 지루하게 걷고,
스핀 동작을 하면 벽에다가 박기만해요!
정확하게 조종했을때는 아니지만요.
근데 이것들은 휴대용 게임이에요. 뭘 기대하신겁니까?
이때는 편리하게 게임을 하면 반대로 게임성은 줄어드는 그런 때 였으니까요.
그리고 세가 새턴으로 나온 소닉 R이 있습니다. 이것도 끔찍하다고 들었는데요.
오, 세상에 그 말이 맞았네요.
기본적으로는 레이싱 게임 입니다.
마리오 카트의 구린 버전이죠.
방향을 움직이는게 너무 반응이 느려서 트랙에 제대로 있지도 못하겠어요!
아 제발좀!
그리고 게임이 오류를 일으킬까봐 두려워요.
경계선으로 떨어져서 프로그램 되지 않은 연옥으로 빠질까봐요.
또 구리다고 들은건 드림캐스트로 나온 소닉 셔플입니다.
맞습니다. 세가의 마지막 콘솔이죠. 좋은 콘솔이긴 해요.
하지만 게임까지 그러리라는법은 없죠.
Italian:
Dopo aver passato tipo 10 minuti di storia,
e passate alcune schermate di caricamento,
finalmente il gioco inizia, ma solo
per bombardarvi con ancora altro testo!
Come immaginavo, č un
videogioco-gioco da tavolo.
Con alcuni mediocri minigiochi
tra i turni dei giocatori.
In pratica questa č la risposta
Sega a "Mario Party",
ma sfortunatamente non č
venuto altrettanto bene.
Un'altra richiesta č "Shadow the Hedgehog"
per Nintendo Gamecube.
Un gioco Sega su una console Nintendo..?
Cani e gatti che vivono insieme!
Masse isteriche!
Sega e Nintendo erano le due pių grandi
avversarie della mia generazione,
ma i tempi sono cambiati.
Non so nemmeno chi sia Shadow, nč quando i personaggi
del mondo di Sonic abbiano iniziato a usare le pistole.
Di nuovo, dovete vedervi un filmato
prima che il gioco inizi.
Č abbastanza spettacolare..
ma perché adesso č tutto cosė?
Č questo quello che fanno i bambini adesso?
Si siedono e guardano i videogiochi?...
Voi controllate Shadow,
con Sonic che lo segue.
Korean:
10분동안 스토리 장면이랑 지루한 로딩들을 끝냈다면
드디어 게임이 시작됩니다.
그리고 더많은 대사를 폭격하죠.
제가 생각했던것처럼 이건 보드 게임 비디오 게임 입니다.
각 플레이어 차례마다 형편없는 미니게임을 해야하는거죠.
기본적으로 이건 세가의 마리오 파티입니다. 불행히도 잘 먹히지 않았지만요.
또 많은 요청이 있던건 닌텐도 게임큐브로나온 섀도우 더 헤지호그 입니다.
세가 게임이 닌텐도 콘솔에?
고양이와 개가 같이 동고동락 하고! 집단으로 히스테리에 걸린 상황이잖아요!
세가랑 닌텐도는 제 세대 에서는 가장 큰 경쟁자들 이었다고요.
그렇지만 시대가 바뀌었죠.
누가 섀도우 인지도 모르겠어요. 그리고 언제부터 소닉 게임이 총을 들고 시작했었죠?
다시 한번, 게임을 시작하려면 영화 하나를 감상해야합니다.
굉장히 박진감 넘치지만, 왜 요즘엔 항상 이렇게 만드는겁니까?
요즘 애들은 이러고 논답니까? 앉아서 비디오 게임 감상하기?
여러분은 소닉이 뒤따르는 섀도우를 조종합니다.
Italian:
Correte, saltate, sparate.
Abbastanza semplice da capire.
Č di certo pių divertente
degli altri giochi,
ma ho trovato un po' difficile evitare
di perdere tutti gli anelli ogni volta.
Questo attacco a ricerca continua a uccidermi,
e casco sempre nei burroni!
A parte questo non ho molto da dire, mi sento
come se mi fossi svegliato dall'ibernazione,
da quello che sapevo i giochi di Sonic
erano in 2D, Nintendo e Sega erano rivali,
le pistole erano per Contra,
la nemesi di Sonic era Dr. Robotnik,
mentre ora si fa chiamare Dr. Eggman-quellocheč,
conosciuto anche come chessōio...
...cheddiavolo č successo qui??
Questo č il massimo della modernitā che
riesco a sopportare, scusate, torno al NES.
Quello lo conosco meglio.
Una delle richieste pių frequenti
fin dall'inizio č "Where's Waldo?".
Innanzitutto dovete avere familiaritā
con i libri: erano incredibili,
da bambino stavo ore
a fissare queste pagine.
Le illustrazioni erano fantastiche,
Korean:
달리고, 점프하고,
쏘고 다니죠.
꽤나 단순해요.
다른 게임들보다는 더 재밌는거 같아요.
그렇지만 고리를 잃는걸 피하는게 좀 힘들다는걸 알아냈어요.
이 유도 공격은 자살공격이나 다름없어요, 그리고 항상 구덩이로 빠져 죽고요!
뭐 그런걸 제외하면 말할거리가 별로 없어요. 마치 냉동수면을 하다가 방금 일어난 느낌이에요.
제가 마지막 까지 기억했던건 소닉 게임은 2D였고,
닌텐도랑 세가는 라이벌이였고,
총은 콘트라에나 있던거고,
소닉의 숙적인 닥터 로보트닉은 이젠 무슨 닥터 에그맨 인지 뭐시기인지로 부른다고요?
대체 무슨일이 일어난겁니까?
제가 다시 가야할 새로운 길이겠죠.
죄송해요, 전 그냥 NES로 돌아갈게요. 그게 제 전문이니까.
처음부터 요청을 받아온 게임은 바로 월리를 찾아라 였습니다.
일단 그 책을 아셔야 할텐데요.
엄청났었죠.
제가 어렸을땐 몇시간동안 이 페이지들을 뚫어져라 보고 있었어요.
Italian:
succedono cosė tante cose da tenervi lo sguardo
impegnato a esplorare per un sacco di tempo.
Ovviamente lo scopo era trovare Waldo
in mezzo alle altre cose nascoste.
Beh, come fate a prendere QUESTO
e a renderlo un gioco NES?
Ecco come.
Č come se le pagine del libro fossero state masticate,
digerite e cagate da un culo 8-bit.
Come fate a trovare
Waldo in questa roba?
Dove CAZZO č Waldo??
Non sa nemmeno lui dov'č!
E fate solo questo, muovete
il riquadro sullo schermo
e premete il pulsante se credete
che Waldo sia nell'area.
Pure quando lo trovo, continuo a
non sapere quale dovrebbe essere!
Non č neppure difficile, basta cliccare ogni
spazio dello schermo finché vincete.
L'unica cosa che succede, se premete l'area
sbagliata, č che perdete tempo sul timer.
Ma cercare di indovinare a caso č comunque meglio
che provare a trovare Waldo coi vostri occhi.
Korean:
일러스트들은 굉장했고, 엄청나게 많은일들이 일어나고 있었죠, 눈이 쉴틈이 없었습니다.
물론 목적은 숨어있는 월리를 찾는거였죠.
근데 어떻게 이걸 NES 게임으로 구현해냈을까요?
바로 이렇게 구현이 되었습니다.
마치 책 한켠이 씹어지고,
분리된걸 8비트 똥으로 다시 부풀린것같아요.
어떻게 여기서 월리를 찾는단 말입니까?
씨발 대체 월리가 어딨어?
자기도 어딨는지 모를걸요?
그리고 이게 전부입니다. 상자를 움직여서 월리가 있는곳 같은데에서 버튼을 누르는거죠.
만약 월리를 찾았다고 해도 여전히 누가 월리인지 모르겠어요!
그렇게 어렵지는 않습니다.
이길때 까지 그냥 하나하나 눌러보면 되니까요.
잘못된 곳을 눌렀을때 일어나는거라곤 타이머가 줄어드는것 뿐입니다.
그래도 이게 제일 게임을 깨는데 가장 좋은 방법인거 같아요.
여러분 눈으로 직접 월리를 찾는거 보다는요.
Italian:
Tra i livelli siete obbligati a vedere
Waldo che cammina da un posto all'altro.
Ma non cammina mai dritto, cammina a caso
come se non avesse idea di dove andare!
A cosa serve questa scenetta, comunque?
Non si poteva andare subito
al prossimo livello??
Alcuni livelli sono diversi, tipo trovare Waldo
nel buio, una merdosa slot machine
e una di quelle indescrivibili merdate che mi
ricordano quella parte di "Terminator 2" per GB
in cui dovevate collegare i fili.
O quel fottuto incubo
in "Bill and Ted"!
E una volta finiti tutti i livelli,
Waldo va sulla luna e il gioco finisce.
Ho finito l'intero gioco in 6 minuti!
Immaginatevi comprare questo
pezzo di merda per 50 testoni!
Al giorno d'oggi, rilasciare
un gioco cosė corto sarebbe imperdonabile!
Comunque, abbiamo un sacco
di altri giochi di cui parlare,
perciō restate sintonizzati
per la seconda parte!
Vado a prendere i giochi.
Korean:
각 스테이지마다 월리가 다음 스테이지로 들어가는 컷신을 강제로 구경하는데요
절대로 쭉 가지 않아요. 이리저리 돌아다니죠. 마치 자기도 어딜 갈지를 모르는것처럼요.
왜 이런 컷신들을 봐야합니까? 그냥 바로 다음 스테이지로 넘어가면 안돼요?
게임 방식이 조금 다른 스테이지들도 있습니다. 월리를 어둠속에서 찾거나,
쓰레기 같은 슬롯 머신,
아니면 형언할수없는 마치 게임보이의 터미네이터 2에서 선을 연결하던 그 개지랄 같은거나,
아니면 그 빌과 테드에 있던 그 씨발 악몽같은 거요.
모든 스테이지를 클리어하면 월리는 달로 가면서 게임이 종료됩니다.
전 이 게임을 6분안에 깼다고요.
이딴 똥쓰레기를 50달러나 주고 산다고 생각해보세요.
요즘에는 이딴짓거리는 절대로 용납못하죠.
뭐 아무튼, 아직 할게임은 많으니까 2부 까지 기다려주시죠. 전 게임좀 가져올게요.
Korean:
계속됨...
Italian:
CONTINUA...
Traduzione by Lucathegreat
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the two greatest threats facing humanity
according to the United Nations are
climate change and emerging infectious
disease particularly pandemic influenza
the current focus of pandemic
discussions and debate understandably
centers on what we in the public health
community refer to as secondary
prevention mediating the impact of the
next pandemic an intervention analogous
to mammography mammograms don't prevent
cancer but if caught early enough for
example we may be able to decrease
morbidity and mortality in the same with
pandemic planning but what of primary
prevention the possibility of preventing
the emergence of pandemic viruses in the
first place like cancer the root cause
is likely multifactorial difficult to
tease out but a question worth exploring
nonetheless and the question I'd like to
address here today let's go back a few
years 1981 here in the United States
Ronald Reagan takes the oath MTV starts
broadcasting Indiana Jones and pac-man
mania is all the rage in June the CDC
released a tiny bulletin five men in Los
Angeles it seems were dying with a
strange cluster of symptoms from humble
beginnings AIDS has since killed 25
million people now the spread certainly
of the AIDS virus has been facilitated
by promiscuity blood banking IV drug use
but where did this virus come from in
the first place
and of course AIDS is not our only new
diseases SARS Ebola mad cow bird flu but
from where do emerging diseases emerge
well let's go back a bit further much
further human beings have been on this
earth for millions of years yet
throughout most of you
Lucian there were no epidemic diseases
no one ever got the measles because
measles didn't exist
no one got smallpox no one got the flu
not even the common cold until about
here 10,000 years ago medical
anthropologists have identified three
major periods of disease since the
beginning of human evolution and the
first started just 10,000 years ago with
the domestication of animals we brought
animals into the barnyard
they brought their diseases with them
when we domesticated cows and sheep for
example we also domesticated their
rinderpest virus which turned into human
measles now thought of as relatively
benign disease over the last 150 years
measles has killed 200 million people
and in a sense all those deaths can
ultimately be traced back just a few
hundred generations to the taming of the
first cattle smallpox likely came from
camel pox we domesticated pigs and got
whooping cough we domesticated chickens
and we got typhoid fever and typhoid
mary and domesticated ducks and got
influenza before the domestication of
ducks likely no one ever got the flu
leprosy likely came from water buffalo
and the common cold from horses how
often did wild horses have the
opportunity to sneeze into humanity's
collective face until they were broken
and bridled until then the common cold
was presumably only common to them and
his Pulitzer prize-winning book Guns
Germs and Steel professor diamond tried
to explain why the diseases of the
landing europeans wiped out up to 95
percent of the native americans and not
the other way around
why didn't need of American plagues kill
the Europeans well because there were no
plagues in his chapter lethal gift of
livestock he explains how before the
Europeans arrived we had Buffalo but no
domesticated Buffalo so no measles
american camels were wiped out in the
Pleistocene
ice age so no smallpox no pigs and no
pertussis chicken some no typhoid so
while people were dying by the millions
of killers Courage's in Europe and Asia
none were dying with diseases in the
so-called new world because there
weren't essentially form animals to
domesticate there wasn't this spillover
of animal disease the next great a
period of human disease started just a
few hundred years ago with the
Industrial Revolution the 18th and 19th
centuries leading to an epidemic of the
so called diseases of civilization
diabetes obesity heart disease cancer
etc but by the mid 20th century the age
of infectious disease at least was
thought to be over we had penicillin we
conquered polio eradicated smallpox in
fact in 1968 the US Surgeon General
declared the war against infectious
disease has been won in 1975 the Dean of
Yale School of Medicine pronounced that
there were no new diseases to be
discovered except maybe lung cancer but
even Nobel laureates were seduced in the
heady optimism of the time one famous
virologist wrote in 1962 textbook to
write about infectious disease is almost
to write about something that's passed
into history the most likely forecast by
the future of infectious disease he
wrote is that it will be very dull but
then something changed after decades of
declining infectious disease mortality
the United States the trend has reversed
in recent decades this is a graph from
the CDC of infectious disease mortality
over time in the last 50 years or so and
as you can see it starts declining
declining declining decline but then
around 1975 it started to go back up the
number of Americans dying from
infectious disease started
to go back up starting around 1975 new
diseases started to emerge and reemerge
at a rate unheard of in the annals of
Medicine more than 30 new diseases in 30
years mostly newly discovered viruses in
fact the whole concept of emerging
infectious disease has gone from a mere
curiosity in the field of medicine now
it's an entire discipline really moved
to center stage we may soon be facing
according to the US since titute of
Medicine what they call a catastrophic
storm of microbial threats we are now
smack dab in the third era of human
disease which seems to only start at
about 30 years ago medical historians
have called this time in which we live
the age of emerging plagues almost all
of which come from animals but we
domesticated animals 10,000 years ago
what has changed in recent decades to
bring us to this current situation well
we are changing the way animals live
take Connecticut for example where in
1975 Lyme disease was first recognized
since spread across all 50 states
affecting an estimated 100,000 Americans
since its emergence Lyme disease is
caused by bacteria infected deer ticks
but the primary host is actually not
deer but the white-footed Mouse the
ticks themselves not quite as cute
really but we've been sharing the woods
with these fellows forever
what changed recently was suburbia the
black legged ticks live on the
white-footed Mouse kept at bay by
woodland predators the Zen developers
came in and chopped up America's
woodlands into subdivisions scaring away
the foxes and bobcats and now we have
more mice more ticks and more disease we
are changing the way animals live going
back a little farther with the big
cattle producing nations fighting during
the Second World War
what Argentina did took advantage of the
situation by dramatically expanding its
beef industry at the expense of its
rainforest they
we discovered the deadly human virus or
rather it discovered us and the
so-called hamburger ization of the
rainforest exposed hemorrhagic fever
viruses all across the continent
subsequently turning to the other side
of the world in cutting into Africa's
rainforests exposed a number of other
hemorrhagic fever viruses including loss
of iris Rift Valley fever and of course
Ebola now the inroads into Africa's
rainforest were logging roads cut by
transnational timber corporations
hacking deep into the rainforest drag
down along a hungry migrant workforce
which survived on bush meat wild animals
killed for food now this includes
upwards of 26 different species of
primates including a number of
endangered great ape species gorillas
chimpanzees who are shot butchered
smoked and sold as food now by
cannibalizing our fellow primates we may
be exposing ourselves to viruses
particularly fine-tuned to our own
primate physiology in fact recent
outbreaks of Ebola for example have been
traced to the exposure to the bodies of
infected great apes hunted for food now
Ebola is one of our deadliest infections
but not efficiently spread compared to a
virus like HIV the leading theory as to
the emergence of the AIDS virus is
direct exposure to animal blood and
secretions as a result of hunting
butchering and the consumption of
contaminated bush meat experts believe
the most likely scenario is that each
fight HIV arose from human song their
way into the jungle butchering
chimpanzees for their flesh along the
way
now in many countries in Africa the
prevalence of HIV exceeds 25% of the
adult population leaving millions of
orphan children and its way someone
butchered a chimp a few decades ago and
now 25 million people are dead
but mod life has been hunted for
thousands of years yes but never before
like this with a demand for wildlife
meat outstripping local supplies what
countries have done is set up these
intensive captive production farms
cramming wild animals in these cramped
filthy cages then smuggling them around
the world this intensive commercial
bushmeat trade actually started in the
live markets of Asia particularly the
Guangdong province of southern province
rounding Hong Kong from which the
current bird flu threat arose the civet
cat popular commodity in these Chinese
animal markets in addition to being
raised for their flesh they also produce
the most expensive coffee in the world
so-called fox dung coffee is produced by
feeding coffee beans to captive civets
and then you guessed it recovering the
partially digested beans from their
feces a musk like substance of buttery
consistency secreted by the anal glands
is said to give this coffee its
distinctive flavor one might say this
unique drink is good to the last drop in
this animal was blamed for the SARS
epidemic cloning from the medical
journal Lancet a culinary choice in
South China a culinary choice in South
China led to a fatal infection Hong Kong
subsequently eight thousand cases of
thar's you know a thousand deaths 30
countries six continents maybe they
should have just stuck the Starbucks
these live animal markets took a class
of viruses which in human medicine we
had only known for causing the common
cold and seemed to turn them into a
killer SARS which then spread around the
world viruses can escape rainforests and
animals live or dead as pets
or as meat in 2003 the exotic pet trade
brought monkey pox from the jungles of
West Africa to Wisconsin bird-smuggling
may have actually been what brought West
Nile virus to the Western Hemisphere
here it hits New York in 99 since spread
across the country hundreds of human
deaths of cases all perhaps because of a
single imported pet bird so we are
changing the way animals live
contributing to the emergence of these
new diseases but you know there's one
way we have changed our relationship
with animals they're really out shadows
all the rest in response to this torrent
of emerging and re-emerging infectious
diseases the world's three leading
authorities got together for a joint
consultation the World Health
Organization the Food and Agriculture
Organization the United Nations and the
World Organization for Animal Health the
world's leading veterinary Authority got
together to uncover the key underlying
causes of this age of emerging plagues
they came up with four four main risk
four main themes of risk factors for the
emergence and spread of these new
diseases yes they talked about the
exotic pet trade they talked about bush
meat but number one on their list was
this increasing demand for animal
protein the world over yes we
domesticated animals 10,000 years ago
but never before like this especially
pigs and poultry chickens used to peck
around the barnyard
but now chickens raised for meat are
typically warehouse and sheds containing
tens of thousands of birds about half of
the egg-laying hens on this planet are
now confined what are called battery
cages the small barren wire enclosures
extending down long rows and windowless
sheds can be up to a million birds on a
single farm about half of the pigs on a
planet are now again crowded into these
intensive confinement operations
you know old MacDonald's farm has since
been replaced by the new MacDonald's
farm these intensive systems represent
the most profound alteration of the
human animal relationship in ten
thousand years and no surprise they are
breeding grounds for disease few
snapshots China 2005
the largest pork producing nation
suffers an unprecedented outbreak of an
emerging Pig pathogen strep suus causing
meningitis and deafness and people
handling infected pork products hundreds
of people infected the deadliest strain
on record why well according to the
World Health Organization indeed it
seems to be these intensive confinement
conditions the USDA elaborates all strep
suah starts out harmless as natural gut
flora
but then the immunosuppressive effect of
stress due to overcrowding inadequate
ventilation causes the bug to go
invasive causing infections of the brain
blood lungs heart and death starts out
harmless turns deadly that's what these
kind of conditions seem to be able to do
this is not arguably how animals were
meant to live pig factories in Malaysia
birth the Nipah virus one the deadliest
of human infections a contagious
respiratory ailment killing 40 percent
of those infects causing relapse and
brain infections propelling it on the
official US list of bioterrorism agents
and again according to one of the
leaders of the field it seems to be the
way in which we now raise these animals
so the three eras of human disease can
be characterized perhaps as first the
diseases of domestication then the
diseases of industrialization of finally
of land-use and agricultural
intensification we took natural
herbivores like cows and sheep turned
them into carnivores and cannibals by
feeding them slaughterhouse waste blood
and manure and then we took down animals
too sick to even walk fed them to people
and now have ad cow disease
we feed antibiotics to farm animals by
the truckload this is the total amount
of antimicrobials used for all of human
medicine every year now contrast that
with the amount we feed to farm animals
just to promote growth or prevent
disease in such a stressful on hygienic
environment
millions of pounds a year and now we
have these multi drug-resistant bacteria
and we as physicians are running out of
good antibiotic options scientists at
NYU trace the path of some of these
superbugs quote-unquote starting for
example with the mass feeding of the
cipro class of antibiotics to chickens
and then we there is a fecal
contamination of the carcass at
slaughter we buy chicken at the
supermarket polluted with fecal material
leading to longer and more severe human
infections the CDC recently really
cinched it they they spend a million
dollars over three year period doing
rectal swabs newly admitted hospital
patients this is what they found
essentially in they found zero growth of
these antibiotic resistant bacteria
within the bodies of those that had zero
contact with fresher frozen poultry but
at least he's so-called superbugs aren't
effectively transmitted from one person
to the other
with the seeming propensity of
industrial animal agriculture to churn
out these novel lethal human pathogens
what if these animal factories gave rise
to a virus capable of a global pandemic
of disease let me put these new animal
disease threats in perspective SARS
infected thousands of human beings
killed hundreds niba infected hundreds
killed scores strep suus infected scores
killed dozens now AIDS has infected
millions but there's only one virus on
the planet that can rapidly infect
billions and that's influenza influenza
the so called last great plague of
humankind is the only known past and
capable of truly global catastrophe
these days unlike many other important
diseases like malaria which are largely
confined at the equator or a virus like
HIV which is only fluid borne the
influenza virus is considered the only
passed and capable of literally
infecting half of humanity within a
matter of months now in the 4,500 years
that we as
species have had influenza since the
first domestication of birds influenza
has always been one of our most
contagious known diseases but only since
the emergence of this highly pathogenic
highly disease causing strain h5n1 as
the influenza virus also emerged as one
of our deadliest h5n1 spreading out of
Asia 2004 2005 2006 and continuing to
this day has only killed about a hundred
few hundred people and not to minimize
each death is a terrible tragedy but in
a world in which millions of people
continue to die of diseases like AIDS
Tuberculosis why is there so much
concern about the so called bird flu
because it's happened before because the
last time a bird flu virus adapted to
human beings it triggered the worst
plague in human history the influenza
pandemic of 1918 modern flu strains tend
to spare young healthy adults but the
1918 virus killed people in the prime of
life in 1918 a quarter of all Americans
fell ill this is a chart of percent of
population die humanity's greatest mass
murderer eluded scientists for nearly a
century before a mass grave in Alaska
was unearthed victims of the pandemic
frozen in the permafrost for 80 years
traces of virus in her lungs allowed
scientists to piece together letter by
letter the genetic code of the 1918
virus solving perhaps the greatest
medical detective story of all time
humanity's greatest killer was bird flu
for
civilian casualty in the u.s. was
September 11th ironically 1918 and then
in a single month this was week one week
two week three week four and this is
1918 we're talking steam locomotive here
scientists at the Imperial College of
London ran a simulation to see how a
pandemic might spread today in the UK
scientists at Los Alamos ran a
simulation through their supercomputers
to see how a pandemic might spread in
the day of commercial airline travel
here at hits LA in this simulation and
in a few weeks the entire country is
blanketed in 1918 between 50 and 100
million people lost their lives a
similar virus today could kill many many
more what started out for millions as
muscle aches and a fever ended days or
even hours later with many people
bleeding from their eyes from their
nostrils from their ears into their
lungs homeless orphans their parents
dead wandered the empty streets one
agonized official in the stricken East
sent an urgent warning West quote hunt
up your woodworkers and set them making
coffins then take your street laborers
and set them to digging graves this is a
clipping from the New York Times at the
time victims of plague everywhere great
pyres of bodies consumed by the flames
many victims strangled and their own
bloody fluids their corpses tinged blue
from suffocation were said to have been
stacked like cordwood outside of morgues
as cities ran out of coffins so they dug
mass graves that bird flu originating
virus killed more people in 25 weeks
than AIDS is killed in 25 years no war
no plague no
famine has ever killed so many people
and so short a time as the 1918 pandemic
yet in 1918 the mortality rate of this
disease was less than 5% this estimate
here potentially tens of millions of
people dead in the next pandemic is
based on that same two to three percent
mortality rate what the CDC is now
calling a category five pandemic around
two percent mortality around two million
Americans dying so that's two percent
currently h5n1 is officially killing
over half of its human victims don't
even seem to get a coin toss as to
whether or not one lives through this
disease dr. Robert Webster the world's
leading authority on bird flu we go back
to 1918 2.5 percent of people died how
many people are dying with bird flu 50
percent we've never seen such an event
since the time of the plagues up to 60
million Americans come down with the flu
every year what if it suddenly turned
deadly that's what keeps everyone up at
night the possibility however slight
that a virus like h5n1 could trigger a
human pandemic that'd be like combining
one of the most contagious known
diseases influenza with one of the
deadliest like crossing a disease like
Ebola with the common cold where did
this virus come from well the current
dialog surrounding avian influenza
speaks of potential h5n1 pandemic as if
we're a natural disaster hurricane
earthquake of which we couldn't possibly
have control the reality though is that
the next pandemic maybe more of an
unnatural disaster of our own making in
poultry bird flu has gone from an
exceedingly rare disease to one which
now pops up every year the number of
outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian
influenza in the first few years of this
century have already exceeded the total
number of outbreaks recorded for the
entire 20th century
you'll note that these are five-year
intervals on just the first five months
of 2006 we were already up to here
without breaks continuing to this day if
one looks at the number of birds
involved the escalation is even more
dramatic at this scale not even a blip
until the 1980s bird flu seems to be
undergoing evolution in fast forward as
one leading flu expert told science
we've gone from a few snowflakes to an
avalanche and the increase in chicken
outbreaks has gone hand in hand with
increased transmission to humans a
little over 10 years ago essentially no
known people not a single person known
to get sick directly from bird flu but
since h5n1 rose in 1997 for other
chicken flu viruses have affected people
from Hong Kong to New York City we can
add another pink ring for the four cases
in England and Wales last year in the
Netherlands outbreak there's evidence
from a government investigation of a
thousand people infected with
symptomatic poultry workers passing the
virus on to whopping 59% of household
family members human-to-human
transmission at a rate of seasonal flu
so ten years ago the dozen years ago
essentially no one was getting infected
with bird flu and now there's been over
a thousand cases in continents around
the world now the Netherlands outbreak
30 million chickens died but only one
person one of the attending
veterinarians tragically died so the
Netherlands virus was good at spreading
but not a killing h5n1 is kind of the
opposite for h5n1 isn't even good at
spreading from birds to people look it's
been around 10 years over ten years only
a handful of people a few hundred people
have become infected and currently
certainly not good it's spreading from
person to person but the human lethality
of the strain is ferocious of ten times
deadlier than the worst flu virus on
record that which triggered the pandemic
of 1918 so what the Netherlands outbreak
shows us is that this virus can evolve
to go directly human to human
what h5n1 shows us is that this virus
can evolve into an efficient human
killer if this trend is allowed to
continue our nightmare may one day be
realized the worst of both worlds
contagious end deadly so to slow down or
stop this rapid recent emergence of
highly pathogenic flu viruses one must
first ask well what triggered this
avalanche in the first place what has
changed in recent decades to bring this
all upon us the emergence of h5n1 has
been blamed on free-ranging flocks wild
birds but people keeping chickens in
backyards for thousands of years and
birds have been migrating for millions
bird flu has been around forever what
turned bird flu into a killer well the
senior correspondent news hour with Jim
Lehrer posed that question to dr.
Webster the so called godfather of flu
research was there something
qualitatively different about this last
decade made it possible for this disease
to do something has never done before
some kind of changing conditions that
suddenly lit a match to the tinder
Webster reply he said farming practices
have changed she talks about growing up
on a farm but now we put millions of
chickens into a chicken factory next
door to a pig factory and this virus has
the opportunity to get one of these
chicken factories and make billions and
billions of these mutations continuously
and so what we've changed is the way we
raise animals and our interaction with
those animals then he talks about how
the virus is escaping from the factories
infecting wild birds he says that's
what's changed we've changed the way we
raise animals but we're changed the way
we raise handled by the billions the
number of chickens we slaughter every
day spread wing to wing would wrap more
than twice around the world's equator
the big shift in the ecology of avian
influenza has been the intensification
of the global poultry sector
the developing world meet Meg
consumption has exploded leading to
these industrial scale commercial
chicken facilities arguably the perfect
storm environment for the emergence and
spread the so called super strains of
influenza in the early 1980s nearly all
the chickens in China were raised in
tiny backyard outdoor flocks but now
there are 63,000 Kay foes and China
concentrated animal feeding operations
with a few of these so-called factory
farms confining 10 million birds on a
single form the World Health
Organization blames emergence of h5n1
SARS Nipah virus all these new deadly
emerging Asian viruses in part what they
call the over consumption of animal
products in this intensive animal
agriculture the Food and Agriculture
Organization the United Nations starts
up there seems to be an acceleration of
human influenza problems in recent years
this is what they mean this from the
World Health Organization these are all
the new influenza viruses infecting
human beings over the last century or so
now turn your attention to just 1995 on
seems to be kind of snowflakes to an
avalanche in people too but why well
according to the world's leading
agricultural thority this is expected to
largely relate to the intensification of
poultry production and possibly pig
production as well they elaborate an
internal FAO document chicken - chicken
spread particularly where assisted by
this intensive husbandry conditions
causes the virus to shift adapt to a
more severe highly pathogenic type of
infection intensive production favors
the rapid spread of the viruses in the
so called hotting up of the virus from
low pathogenicity to highly pathogenic
types factory farms it seems can be
thought of as the incubators for the
emergence of highly disease-causing
strains of this virus in this diagram
here they actually trace the path of a
human pandemic starting with increased
demand for poultry products and ending
up with a virus capable of
human-to-human transmission the United
Nations in fact is called on all
governments to fight the role of what
they call factory farming quoting from a
UN press release governments local
authorities international agencies need
to take a greatly increased role in
combating the role of factory farming
which combined with these live bird
markets provide ideal conditions for the
virus to spread and mutate into a more
dangerous form let me show you how it
works all bird flu viruses start out
harmless to both birds and people very
important to understand
they start out harmless avian influenza
has existed for millions of years as an
harmless intestinal virus of aquatic
birds like ducks waterborne virus I said
well how does in a duck's intestinal bug
end up in a human cloth well in people
the virus must make us sick in order to
spread must make us coffee in order to
shoot fires from one person to the next
when the viruses natural reservoir
Quantic birds like ducks the virus
doesn't need to make the Ducks sick in
order to spread in facts in the viruses
evolutionary best interest not to make
the Ducks sick is dead ducks don't fly
very far so the virus silently
multiplies and the intestinal lining of
the duck is secreted out into the pond
water is swallowed up by another duck
and the cycle continues as it has for
millions of years and no one gets hurt
but if an infected duck is dragged to a
live bird market for example crammed in
cages high enough to spot a virus
infected feces on land bass birds
terrestrial birds like chickens well
then the virus has a problem if the
virus finds itself in the gut of a
chicken no longer has the luxury of easy
waterborne spread chickens aren't
paddling around in the pond so the virus
must mutate or die unfortunately for us
mutating is what influenza viruses seem
to do best so in its natural reservoir
it's been described as being in total
evolutionary stasis harmless but when
thrown to a new host like land-based
birds it quickly starts mutating
acquiring mutations
adapt to its new host in the open air
must resist dehydration for example and
it may have to spread to different
organs to find a new way to travel the
intestines ain't going to work anymore
and they may find the lungs and become
an airborne pathogen which is bad news
for terrestrial mammals such as
ourselves goes into chickens as an
aquatic virus but may come out as the
flu in its new host the more virulent
the more violent this virus becomes the
quicker may be able to overwhelm the
immune system of its new host but if the
virus becomes too deadly though it may
not spread as form in an outdoor setting
at least if the virus kills its host too
quickly
the animal may be dead before it's a
chance to spread to too many others so
when nature is kind of a natural limit
on how virulent these viruses can get or
at least there was until now
enter intensive poultry production when
the next beak is just instant inches
away there may be no limit how nasty
these viruses can get evolutionary
biologists believe that this is the key
to the emergence of hyper virulent
predator type viruses like h5n1 disease
transmission from immobilized hosts see
when you have a situation where the
healthy cannot escape the disease where
the virus can knock you flat and still
transmit disgust you're so crowded then
there may be no stopping rapidly
mutating viruses from becoming truly
ferocious and this may explain the virus
of 1918 rising out of the trenches of
World War 1 there were these crowded
troop transports boxcars were labeled 8
horses or 40 men so when this harmless
virus found itself in these kind of
conditions that turned deadly millions
forced together into clamp cramped
quarters no escaping a sick comrade this
is thought to be where the virus of 1918
gained its virulence from the viruses
point of view though these same trench
warfare conditions
exist today in every industrial chicken
shed every industrial egg operation can
find crowded stress but by the billions
not just millions the industry is slowly
waking up to this growing realization
that viruses previously innocuous to
natural host species have an all
probability become more virulent by
passes to these large commercial
populations is from an industry rate
Journal starts out harmless turns deadly
that's what these conditions may be able
to do this is not arguably how animals
were meant to live so how does the
poultry industry feel about the
possibility that its own animal
factories may produce a virus capable of
killing millions of people around the
world well the executive editor of
poultry magazine wrote an editorial on
just that topic
she wrote the prospect of a virulent
flute which we have absolutely no
resistance is frightening however to me
the threat is much greater to the
poultry industry I'm not as worried
about the US human population dying from
bird flu as I am that there will be no
chicken to eat this is this is how the
Department of Interior puts it
domesticated poultry as the necessary
stepping stone to create a pandemic
strain of influenza now we used to think
pigs were an important link in this
chain so this probably not a good idea
h5n1 found a way it seems not only to
kill people directly but seems to have
gone full circle reinfecting its natural
hosts migratory aquatic species who can
potentially fly this factory farm virus
to continents around the world now
unfortunately for us there's there's
some quirk of evolution the respiratory
tract of a chicken seems to bear
striking resemblance to our own primate
respiratory tract on a molecular level
on a virus receptor level so as the
virus gets better at infecting killing
chickens the virus may be getting better
at infecting and killing us
viral gist Earl Brown specialists in the
evolution of influenza viruses you have
to say dr. Brown concluded again this
high-intensity chicken rearing whether
the perfect environment for the
evolution for generating virulent avian
flu virus now in contrast there has
never been a single recorded emergence
of a highly pathogenic flu virus ever
from an outdoor chicken flock never once
has dangerous deadly virus ever arisen
that we know of in chickens kept outside
you can breed a deadly virus here it can
escape in fact backyard birds
free-ranging flocks even wild birds but
that transition from harmless the deadly
always seems to happen in these kind of
conditions because of the overcrowding
remember transmission from immobilized
host because the sheer numbers because
of the inadequate ventilation the
dankness helps keep the virus alive
because of the stress crippling their
immune systems because of the filth the
virus is in the feces that they're lying
in which decomposing releasing ammonia
burning the respiratory tracts
predisposing to respiratory infection in
the first place and because there may be
no sunlight the UV rays and sunlight are
actually quite effective in destroying
the influenza virus 30 minutes of direct
sunlight completely inactivates h5n1 but
it can last for days in the shade and
weeks
in moist manure so you put all these
factors together when you have this kind
of perfect storm environment for the
emergence and spread of new super
strains of influenza but what about
biosecurity don't we want all the birds
confined indoors away from waterfowl I
mean does it matter if these kind of
conditions can turn a harmless virus
into a deadly virus if the harmless
virus can't get inside in the first
place well an FAO research report
addressed this very question they in
their evidence-based analysis they
looked at the best data set available a
massive survey of flocks in Thailand in
which over a million birds were tested
for h5n1 in factory farms and backyard
flocks and what they expected to find
was that backyard flocks would be at
higher risk for infection because
they're just out there in the open what
they found was exactly the opposite they
found a backyard flocks are at
significantly lower risk of infection
compared to commercial scale operations
industrial quail and chicken operations
were at least four times more likely to
become infected than backyard flocks so
not only may factory farms be the
incubators for the original emergence of
high path strains based on the best
science available they may also play a
role in the spread the subsequent spread
of the virus as well in part because of
the massive inputs and outputs required
for this industrial style of animal
agriculture tons of feed and water go in
tons of waste comes out tens of
thousands of flies buzzing around and
these these high volume ventilation fans
blowing dust and waste out into the
countryside potentially contaminating
the air soil insects rodents transport
industrial-style production can lead to
industrial style contamination of the
environment
researchers at Johns Hopkins University
School of Public Health I look back and
realize that their conclusions were
actually consistent with other high path
outbreaks whether in the Netherlands
Canada Italy other diseases factory
farms consistently at higher risk they
concluded them there's no empirical
evidence to support this myth that
backyard flocks or somehow the crux of
the problem and again people been
raising birds in their backyards for
about four thousand years before this
disease erupted out of control on other
factors the studies have uncovered
widespread disregard for biosecurity
even in developed countries which claim
to have the best biosecurity in the
world according to North Carolina
University poultry health management
high biosecurity is still wishful
thinking in many areas of intensive
poultry production a bird flu outbreak
in Virginia in 2002 led to the deaths of
four million birds found its way inside
200 factory farms highlighting just how
wishful the thinking is that industrial
poultry populations are somehow
completely protected against this kind
of infection based on the rapid spread
of avian influenza in Virginia recently
this decade USDA poultry virologist
conclude the obvious that biosecurity on
many farms is simply inadequate
investigators from the University of
Maryland surveyed chicken facilities
throughout the delaware maryland
virginia peninsula perhaps the most
concentrated density of chickens in the
world and concluded that us chicken
flocks constantly at risk for infection
triggered by these poor biosecurity
practices but even if the industry had
perfect compliance with these guidelines
even if everyone going in and out
stepped in antiseptic foot baths scrub
their boots wash their hands even with
perfect compliance it likely would not
be enough we now know that h5n1
can be carried by flies you cannot keep
flies out of a poultry shed see h5n1 is
a biosafety level 3 plus pathogen that
means in a laboratory setting this virus
must only be handled in unique high
containment buildings specially
engineered with airlocks double-door
access shower in shower out of floors
walls ceiling sealed waterproof all
electric outlets phone cords cocked
collared sealed to prevent any air leaks
all surfaces decontaminated daily all
solid waste incinerated that is supposed
to handle this virus that's biosecurity
in contrast to this the global
industrial poultry industry seems to be
breeding viruses like h5n1 and
essentially biosafety level zero so the
poultry industry may not only be playing
with fire with no way to put it out
there may be Fanning the flames and
firewalls to contain this virus do not
yet exist
unfortunately leading USDA poultry viral
just told an international gathering of
bird flu scientist unfortunately this
level of biosecurity just doesn't exist
in the United States and doubts really
it exists anywhere in the world and
according to Merida's poultry professor
author of handbook on livestock diseases
standards of biosecurity may actually be
in decline in an attempt for the
industry to cut costs now biosecurity
measures is there currently practiced
certainly better nothing but may not be
something we want to stake the lives of
millions of people upon for the sake of
cheaper chicken a pandemic caused by
h5n1 or some comparable future bird flu
virus has the capacity to trigger one of
the greatest catastrophes of all time so
to decrease the risk of generate
increasing ly dangerous bird flu viruses
the global poultry industry must reverse
course away from greater intensification
by for example here in the annals of New
York Academy of Sciences replacing these
large industrial units with smaller
farms with lower stock
densities of animals which could
potentially result in less stress less
disease susceptibility less intense
infectious contents and lower infectious
loads across the board in 2007 the
Journal of the American Public Health
Association published an editorial that
went beyond just calling for D
intensification of the poultry industry
they questioned the prudence of raising
so many chickens in the first place in
their editorial chickens come home to
roost it is curious that changing the
way humans treat animals most basically
ceasing to eat them are the very less
radically limiting the quantity of them
that is eaten is largely off the radar
as a significant preventive measure such
a change if sufficiently adopted or
enforced however even at this late stage
could still reduce the likelihood of the
much-feared influenza pandemic it would
even more likely prevent unknown future
diseases that in the absence of the
change may result from farming animals
intensively and killing them for food
yet humanity does not even seem to
consider this option we don't tend to
shore up the levees until after the
disaster hopefully won't take a pandemic
before we take these recommendations
into account the editorial concludes
those who consume animals not only harm
those animals and endanger themselves
but they also threaten the well-being of
future generations on this planet to
switch avian images it is time for
humans to remove their heads from the
sand and recognize the risk to
themselves that can arise from their
maltreatment of other species how we
treat animals can have global public
health implications it's not surprising
then that the American Public Health
Association the largest Association of
public health professionals in the world
has called for a moratorium on factory
farms urging all federal state local
authorities to impose a ban on the
building of new in
of livestock operations to protect the
health of the local communities in terms
of air water land contamination
pollution the prudence of this measure
certainly grows with our increasing
understanding of the role that these
operations play in emerging infectious
disease I'm often asked how the industry
responds to this kind of sentiment from
the scientific community
well last summer the United Nations
released yet another report on the
global health risks of intensive animal
agriculture let me show you that how US
agribusiness responded to this report
feedstuffs is America's leading
agribusiness publication and init Oriole
responded this way to the FAO research
report FAO claims to you scientists to
generate as reports but I wonder if
those scientists don't resemble a
bearded guy living in a cave in Pakistan
who wants the US on its knees all too
typical of the kind of year with us or
against us industry attitude
unfortunately now this is an extreme
example there are those within industry
who can take a step back and look at the
longer term view avian health expert in
longtime industry insider Ken Rudd wrote
a really candid article and poultry
Digest called poultry reality check
needed drawing on his 37 years
experience from within the poultry
industry he concluded with these
prophetic words he said now is the time
to decide we can go on with business as
usual
charging headlong towards lower costs or
we can begin making a prudent moves
necessary to restore balance between
economics and long-range avian health we
can pay now or we can pay later but it
should be known and it must be said one
way or another we will pay so cutting
down our consumption of chickens and
fighting the role of factory farming as
the United Nations has called for mainly
prevent emergence of future viruses but
h5n1 has
already been hatched already spread and
mutated into a more dangerous form and
now that it is endemic in poultry
populations across two continents
eradication is unlikely dr. Michael Haas
her home is the director of the u.s.
Center for infectious disease research
policy a associate director with the
department of homeland security he tried
to describe what an h5n1 pandemic could
look like in one of the u.s. leading
Public Policy journals called foreign
affairs he asked policymakers to
consider the devastation of the 2004
tsunami in South Asia
he said duplicate the tsunami in every
major urban center rural community
around the planet
simultaneously add in the paralyzing
fear and panic of contagion and we begin
to get some sense of the potential of
pandemic influenza that's what he thinks
it could be like a tsunami in every city
every town everywhere people drowning in
their own bodily fluids or we could
imagine Katrina
imagine every city New Orleans around
the world at the same time all perhaps
because people insisted on eating
cheaper chicken the next pandemic maybe
more of an unnatural disaster of our own
making a pandemic of even moderate
impact may result in a single biggest
human disaster ever far greater than
AIDS 9/11 all the Wars of the 20th
century and the tsunami combined has the
potential to redirect world history as
the Black Death redirected European
history in the 14th century
hopefully the direction world history
will take is away from raising birds by
the billions under intensive confinement
so as to potentially lower our risk of
us ever being in this precarious place
ever again my intention on today was
just to focus on primary prevention
getting to the root cause but with the
unprecedented spread of this truly
precedented virus it is important that
everyone be prepared for the next
influenza pandemic so let me just throw
out some resources the CDC has set up an
excellent pandemic preparedness website
pandemic flu gov if you click across
here you will find pandemic preparedness
checklist for businesses schools
communities face base faith-based groups
all the way down to individual and
family preparation which really focuses
on getting everyone right now to
stockpile weeks of essential supplies to
shelter in place during a pandemic
isolating ourselves and our families in
our homes until the danger passes the
u.s. department of homeland security is
now using as a key planning assumption
that the US population may be directed
to remain in their homes under self
quarantine for up to 90 days per wave of
the pandemic to support social
distancing kind of like a snow emergency
where you just told to stay inside don't
go out and let's emergency but instead
of lasting a day or two last weeks or
even months everyone ready to stay in
their homes for three months if we have
to go out to the corner store during a
pandemic to buy toilet paper or
something we be maybe bringing back to
our family more than just groceries this
is important topic I wrote three I have
six chapters on preparing for and
surviving the next pandemic in my book
on the subject all the proceeds I
received from the sale book go to
charity to address the problem and the
entire contents of the book is now
available free full-text online at bird
flu book dot org the goal is to be
prepared not scared this presentation by
design given the time constraints is an
oversimplification of a serious public
health issue so I encourage people to go
to the website learn more about the
topic all the citations are hyperlink
clickable all 3168 of them this is a lay
publication
for those interest in the technical
science the underlying evolutionary
biological theory allow me to refer you
to an invited review that I wrote for
the last issue of critical reviews of
microbiology anyone interested in a
reprint copy be happy to send you one if
you just email me at M G re ger at
Humane Society org let me end with a
quote from the World Health Organization
the bottom line the bottom line is that
humans have to think about how they
treat their animals how they form them
how they market the basically the whole
relationship between the animal kingdom
the human kingdom is coming under stress
in this age of emerging plagues we now
have billions of feathered and curly
tailed test tubes for viruses to
incubate and mutate within billions more
spins at pandemic roulette along with
human culpability though comes hope if
changes in human behavior can cause new
plagues
well then changes in human behavior may
prevent them in the future thank you
you
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- What would the audience
be surprised to know
about healthcare change or cost?
- Number one is obviously
reimbursement's going down,
cost going up, this is a
very fragmented industry.
When you talk about 20%
of the country's GDP
going to healthcare,
it's a staggering figure.
The cat's already out of the
bag, at least in terms of
cost containment.
I think most systems,
particularly what we're doing
is we're very focused on
operating cost containment.
That's the one thing that's
gonna stay regardless
of what the Supreme Court does.
Anything you can do to
basically wring cost out
of the system, and
there's this one company
out there now that is
looking at developing a
Travelocity site for healthcare.
Creating the transparency
in the marketplace,
very similar to what
other industries have.
One of the things that we're doing is,
been doing for the last few years is
taking existing office
assets and repositioning them
in a marketplace for medical.
Adaptive reuse, it seems
to be the buzzword.
One of the facilities related responses
that we have to some of that is really
seeing more growth In outpatient.
Looking at, what we call,
not just the retailing of
medical office real estate, but
putting these facilities where people are,
where people live, out in the suburbs.
Other areas are cost containment,
looking at innovation, and
one of the things I
consistently talk about is
if you wanna be innovative
in the facilities space,
you almost have to look
outside of healthcare.
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Estamos no Hyde Park, um magnífico
oásis urbano adquirido por Henrique VIII
e usado como local
de caça pela realeza.
Este espaço foi aberto ao
púbico na era dos Stuarts.
Estamos perto da Esquina do
Orador, local que representa
a liberdade urbana há
cerca de 140 anos.
Dizem que a origem da Esquina do
Orador vem da Árvore de Tyburn.
Era costume nesse local de
execução por enforcamento
permitir que o condenado dissesse as suas
últimas palavras em tom alto, aberto e livre.
Outra história sobre sua origem envolve
o projeto de lei de reforma de 1866,
proposto pelo primeiro ministro
Gladstone, de expandir o direito de voto
para que mais ingleses
pudessem votar.
O projeto não passou,
derrubando seu governo.
Manifestantes foras às ruas,
marchando por Londres,
indo até a extremidade
do Hyde Park,
na esperança de se reunirem sob
sua própria árvore da liberdade.
Seu caminho foi barrado, mas
eles atravessaram as barreiras.
Surpreendentemente, o exército
se conteve e não os atacou.
Os manifestantes voltaram
aqui em 1867 e, em 1872,
o direito de se falar livremente na
Esquina do Orador foi concedido.
Portanto, há 140 anos os
oradores vêm a essa esquina.
George Orwell veio,
Vladimir Lenin, Karl Marx,
todos discursaram
na Esquina do Orador.
Nos anos anteriores à Primeira Guerra
Mundial, as sufragistas vieram aqui,
exigindo que as mulheres também
tivessem o direito ao voto.
Há 15 anos, manifestantes protestaram
aqui contra a guerra no Iraque.
De certa forma, a Esquina do Orador
nos lembra do ditado alemão
“Stadtluft macht frei”:
"o ar da cidade liberta".
Pois, realmente,
esse era o princípio de que qualquer camponês
que fugisse de seu senhor medieval e
penetrasse nos muros da cidade poderia
desfrutar de sua proteção e liberdade.
E as cidades ainda hoje nos tornam
livres; em pequena escala,
ao nos oferecer mais opções de
restaurantes e de lojas para onde ir.
Livres em média escala, ao nos dar
mais opções de amizades e empregos.
E livres em grande escala, ao permitir
que nos reunamos para exigir democracia,
para exigir governos melhores.
Essa liberdade que as cidades criam
ao permitir que trabalhemos juntos
é, de certa forma, o maior
presente da cidade.
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it's $14 for four of them take it to do
all right here the here are the 18 650
batteries that I got from Walmart for
$14 for four and I'm reading the fine
print that the batteries can be charged
automatically by a solar fixture or by a
charger
so these are two thousand milliamp hours
you know for these really bright
demanding LED lights that I have a big
flashlight stuff through nights they may
not be big enough but see what I'm gonna
pop these in my charger my thrunite
charger and charge them all up and stick
them in a flashlight and see what they
look like well they're all charging damn
good charger mcc for good charger I may
have a package where you get four
thrunite batteries and this charger and
I think it's like 65 or 70 bucks so
nothing's warm that's good well I tell
you what this is a heck of a fine for
fourteen dollars for four brand new
batteries with a Walmart one-year
warranty not bad all right as soon as
he's finished charging stickmen a
flashlight to see how they do
all right it charged up real real nice
it took about an hour to charge so it
was really low I'm taking the thrunite
out put this in and we'll go outside and
see how it looks okay nothingness
sunshine
I can't believe it that's a heck of a
deal
brand-new flashlights batteries 1860 at
Walmart for for 14 bucks now there are
two thousand milliamp but uh
I'll tell you what you know if it just
makes the difference between you know
and our worth the light or look like
this see I did this last time I forgot I
put it on whether they call it Firefly
and you don't even know you got it on
why won't you focus there you go wow
that's that's good news there I'll tell
you what Walmart I got them over by
where they keep the solar lights in the
garden department all right that's good
good information to share these but
these batteries are really expensive the
good ones and if you buy the ultra fires
now you stand a pretty good chance of
getting scammed with a counterfeit
batteries so this is a safe way of
getting some reasonably priced batteries
all right thanks for watching y'all I
thought I would just add this the UPC
number that information there DC 807
three four four Dead Yet
and there's one little number up here
okay that's that's the number on the
back so in case you can't find it you
might be able to order it through
Walmart's website that's a heck of a
fine they're a heck of a deal okay this
time I really mean it
thanks for watching what a beautiful
blueSky breezy never just stop and think
how good it is to be alive you know when
you're broke and life just doesn't seem
to go perfect sometimes all it takes is
a little bit of sunshine on your face
and a little bit of wind blue sky and
you realize just how small and
insignificant your own little personal
problems are and how good it is to be
alive
|
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Turkish:
Bu videomuzda, içinden geçmekte olduğumuz dönemde ABD piyasalarında gözlemlediğimiz parasal genişleme üzerinde duracağız.
Ekonomide durumun normal olduğu zamanlarda FED,
ekonomik aktiviteyi kontrol etmek için federal fon oranlarını kullanır.
Kullandığım iki tanımı hemen kısaca açıklamaya çalışayım:
FED, Amerikan Merkez Bankası, yönetimi ağırlıklı olarak ABD'deki 12 bölgesel federal bankadan oluşuyor.
Federal fon oranları ise, ABD'deki finansal kurumların gecelik bazda borçlanmalarını gerçekleştirdikleri piyasa faiz oranıdır.
Haberlerde bahsedilen faiz oranı, genelde para politikası uygulamasında temel gösterge niteliğinde olan bu federal fon oranıdır.
Bu oranı, finansal kurumların gecelik bazda gerçekleştirdikleri borçlanma işlemlerinde uygulamaları
hedeflenen faiz oranı gibi düşünebilirsiniz.
Daha önceki videomuzda bu konu üzerinde durmuştuk,
'Bankalar kendi aralarındaki işlemlerde eğer Federal Fon Oranlarını uygulamazlarsa FED mutlaka müdahale eder' diye yazılı bir kural yok.
Bununla birlikte eğer piyasada gerçekleşmekte olan faiz oranları FED'in beklentileri ile uyumlu değilse,
FED piyasalara müdahale edebilir.
FED, Açık Piyasa İşlemleri yaparak piyasalara yön verebilir,müdahale edebilir,
yani piyasadan hazine kağıtlarını satın alarak piyasaya likidite verebilir.
Piyasadaki likiditeyi artırarak, yani para arzını artırarak ve kredi talebini azaltarak faiz oranlarının düşmesini sağlayabilir.
Japanese:
通常の経済状況では、連邦準備銀行は経済活動を制御するに
連邦資金率を利用します。
これが、欲にニュースで聞かれる利息です。
それは本質的に、連邦準備銀行が目標とする一般銀行間の
一日単位の貸付金の利子です。
先のビデオで見たようには、連邦準備銀行は銀行間の貸付金の利子が望ましくないとみなし、
連邦資金率を発表したとしても
銀行は、自主的にその率を変えるとは限りません。
そこで、連邦準備銀行は実際に介入します。
公開市場操作として財務省証券を購入することができます
すると、循環する現金の量が増加します。
供給の増加は、現金の需要が減少させ、金利を下げます。
French:
En temps normal dans l'économie, la Réserve fédérale (la "Fed") essaie de contrôler le volume de l'activité économique
par l'intermédiaire de son taux directeur.
C'est le taux dont on entend tout le temps parler aux infos
et qui correspond en fait au taux auquel la Fed veut voir les banques se prêter de l'argent,
se prêter des liquidités, entre elles au jour le jour.
On a déjà vu dans la dernière vidéo que si le taux auquel se prêtent les banques ne plaît pas à la Fed
- et même si l'annonce du taux directeur n'est pas suffisante pour que les banques se disent
"Hé, la Fed va intervenir si on ne se prête pas l'argent entre nous à ce taux-là" -
la Fed peut effectivement intervenir.
Elle peut aller ici, effectuer des opérations d'open market, c'est-à-dire généralement acheter des titres du Trésor
sur le marché général, ce qui a pour conséquence d'augmenter le volume des liquidités en circulation,
ce qui diminue la demande de liquidités, en augmente l'offre et devrait ainsi abaisser le taux d'intérêt.
Georgian:
ეკონომიკის ნორმალური პერიოდის განმავლობაშო, ფედერალური რეზერვი ცდილობს აკონტროლოს ეკონომიკური აქტივები რომელიც ხდება
ფედერალური ფოონდების განაკვეთის მიმართა- ფედერალური ფონდების გაანკვეი
და ეს არის განაკვეთი,რომელსაც თქვენ ყოველთვის გესმით ახალი ამბებზე საუბრისას
და ეს არსებითად არის სამიზნე განაკვეთი,რომელიც ბანკს სურს დაინახოს რომ ბანკებმა დააკრედიტონ ფული
ფულის დაკრედიტება ერთმეთისადემი წინა ღაის ბაზაზე
და ჩვენ დავინახეთ უკვე ბოლო ვიდეოში, თუ ფედერალებს არ მოსწონთ განაკვეთი,რომელსაც ისინი ასესხებენ ერთმანეთს
და თუ აცხადებს ფედერალური ფონდების განაკვეთი არ გამოიწვევს, ბანკები ამბობს
"ჰეი. ფედერალი აპირებს ჩარევასმ თუ ჩვენ არ ვასესხებთ ერთმანეთს ამ განკვეთზე"
ფედერალს რეალურად შეუძლია ჩარევა
ის გადის მას გარეთ, გამოდის ღია საბაზრო ოპერაციებით და ყიდულობ, ჩვეულებრვი , ფედერალური ფასიანი ქაღალდები
ზოგად ბაზარს გარეთ, და რასაც ეს აკეთებს არის, ზრდის ფულის რაოდენობას ამ ცირკულაციით
რომელიც არ ზრდის ფულის მოთხოვნას, ზრდის მიწოდებას, და ის იქნება უფრო დაბალი საპორცენტო განაკვეთზე
Portuguese:
Em tempos normais na economia,
o Banco Central tenta controlar
a quantidade existente
de atividade econômica,
fixando a taxa básica de juros.
É a taxa sobre a qual se ouve falar
nos noticiários,
que o Banco Central tem por objetivo
ver os bancos usando
nos empréstimos interbancários
de urgência.
Como vimos no vídeo anterior,
se o Banco Central
não gostar da taxa praticada,
se nem mesmo o anúncio
da taxa básica de juros
leva os bancos a temer uma intervenção
por não emprestarem àquela taxa,
o Banco Central pode realmente intervir
operando no mercado aberto,
e comprar títulos do Tesouro,
geralmente do mercado.
E isso aumenta a quantidade
de dinheiro em circulação,
o que reduz a demanda por dinheiro,
aumenta a oferta,
e deve baixar
a taxa de juros.
Czech:
V normální době v ekonomii se Fed snaží kontrolovat množství ekonomických aktivit, které se objevují tím,
že nastavuje cílovou sazbu Federálních fondů, sazbu Fed fondů.
A tohle je sazba, o které se mluví ve zprávách a
je to vlastně cílová sazba, za kterou chce Fed, aby si banky půjčovaly peníze,
půjčovaly hotovost jedna druhé na jednodenní bázi.
A již jsme v minulém videu viděli, pokud se Fedu sazba, za kterou si mezi sebou půjčují, nelíbí a
pokud ani oznámení sazby Federálních fondů nepřiměje banky říct,
hele Fed zasáhne, pokud si nebudeme půjčovat navzájem za tuhle sazbu.
Fed skutečně může zasáhnout.
Může provádět operace na otevřeném trhu a nakupovat obyvkle státní cenné papíry
na trhu a to způsobí, že vzroste množství hotovosti, která je v oběhu,
Což sníží poptávku po hotovosti, zvýší nabídku a mělo by to snížit úrokovou sazbu.
Ukrainian:
Під час звичайних часів в економіці, ФРС
намагалася контролювати загальну суму в економічній діяльності,
по визначених контрольних цифрах ставки
федерального фонду.
І це - рівень, про який ти постійно
будеш чути по новинах,
це, по суті, заплановані темпи росту що ФРС
хоче бачити в банках, коли позичає гроші,
на основі кредитування готівки
один в одного протягом доби,
ми вже бачили в останньому відео, якщо ФРС не
подобається вартість що вони позичили один одному,
якщо оголосили ставку по федеральних
фондах нема причини банкам сказати
Гей, ФРС збирається втрутитись, якщо ми не
кредитуєм один одному на цій процентній ставці, "
ФРС може насправді втрутитися.
може виконати операції на відкритому
ринку, і придбати казначейські цінні папери
загальний ринок робить збільшення на
суму грошових коштів, які є у коловому обігу,
що знижує попит на готівкові гроші, збільшуючи пропозицію, знижує процентну ставку.
English:
During normal times
in the economy,
the Fed tries to control the
amount of economic activity
that's occurring by targeting
the federal funds rate.
The fed funds rate.
And this is the
rate that you always
hear talked about on the news.
And it's essentially
a target rate
that the Fed wants to see
banks lending money-- lending
cash to each other--
on an overnight basis.
And we saw already
in the last video,
if the Fed does not like the
rate that they're borrowing
to each other, and if even
announcing the federal funds
rate does not cause
the banks to say, hey,
the Fed's going to intervene
if we don't lend to each other
at that rate, the Fed
can actually intervene.
It can go out there, perform
open market operations,
and buy, usually
treasury securities,
out from just the
general market.
And what that does is it
increases the amount of cash
that is in circulation, which
decreases the demand for cash,
increases the supply, and it
should lower the interest rate.
Turkish:
Merkez Bankası genelde bir hedef oran belirler,
ve bu oranı o aralıkta tutmaya gayret gösterir.
FED, açık piyasa işlemlerinde genelde kısa vadeli Hazine Bonolarını ve Devlet tahvillerini satın alır.
Bazı durumlarda, repo da yapabilir. Repoyu da kısaca açıklamaya çalışayım,
FED hazine bonosunu bugün satın alıyor, aldığı bu hazine bonosunu sadece belli bir süre için elinde tutacak,
anlaştıkları sürenin sonunda aldığı kuruma bu hazine bonolarını hangi fiyattan geri satacağı da bugünden belli.
Repo işlemleri için kısaca 'Bir kıymetin belli bir tarihte, belli bir orandan geri satım vaadi ile alımı' diyebiliriz,başka bir videoda daha detaylı olarak açıklarım.
Merkez Bankasının açık piyasa işlemleri yapmaktaki temel hedefi,
bankalararası piyasadaki faiz oranının kendi hedefleri doğrultusunda oluşmasını sağlamak.
FED, API işlemleriyle piyasadaki para miktarını düzenlemeyi amaçlıyor, bunu sağlamak için de genelde kısa vadeli hazine bonolarını alıyor veya repo işlemleri yapıyor.
Kısa vadeli bonoları tercih ediyorlar, zira kısa vadeli bonolardaki faiz riski daha düşük.
FED'in ekonomiyi canlandırabilmek için piyasaya para vermeye
ve faiz oranlarını düşürmeye devam etmesi durumunda neler olabileceğini düşünelim.
Diyelim ki Federal Fon Oranları %4'ten %3'e,
sonra %2 'ye düşüyor,
belki daha da düşecek ve %0 olacak.
Portuguese:
O Banco Central tenta manter
essa taxa de juros
dentro de certo limite,
em torno de certo alvo.
Os títulos que o Banco Central compra,
normalmente, são os de curto prazo,
porque é menos arriscado,
e às vezes pode ser
um acordo temporário.
Dirão: "Compro isso de você agora,
só se você comprar de volta
em uma data futura, por certo preço".
E isso se chama um contrato de recompra.
Farei outro vídeo só sobre isso.
Mas a razão das operações
de mercado aberto
é fixar a taxa de juros para empréstimos.
Mas eles geralmente lidam
com títulos de curto prazo
pois é mais seguro e expõe o Banco Central
a um risco menor na taxa de juros.
Pode-se imaginar o que acontece
se o Banco Central
ficar baixando a taxa de juros
para estimular a economia.
A redução sucessiva da taxa de juros
de quatro para três por cento
e depois para dois por cento,
talvez indo até zero por cento,
Japanese:
連邦準備銀行 は、通常、特定の枠内に、その金利を
持っていくように操作します。
連邦準備銀行は 通常、短期債を購入します。
なぜなら、リスクが低く、また一時的な契約に結ぶこともできるからです。
後日、既定の価格で買い戻すことを前提にして
購入を行えます。
これは、買い戻し契約と呼ばれています。これについては、また別のビデオで説明します。
公開市場操作のポイントは、この一日単位の借入金利を返ることです。
しかし、通常は短期債が安全なので、それを利用します。
連邦機関に対するリスクを軽減します。
しかし、、連邦準備制度が金利の引き下げ続けると、何が起こるかを想像できます。
これを、経済を促進するために行います。
連邦資金率を 4 ％ から 3％、2 ％へと
さらに最終的に 0% と下げるには
Georgian:
და ფედერალები ჩვეულებრვი ზურნავენ მიიღონ ეს საპორცენტო განაკვეთი ნულის დონის ფაგლებში
გარკვეული სამიზნის გარშემო
და სიმდიდრე რომელსაც ფედერალები ყიდულობენ არია მოკვე ვადიანი ფასიანი ქაღალდები
და ეს არის მხოლოდ, რადგანაც ეს არის ნაკლები რისი და ზოგჯერ, ისინი ხდიან მას დროებით შეთანხმებაზე
ისინი იტყვიან"შეხედეთ, ჩვენ ვიყიდეთ ის თქვენგან ეხლა, მხოლოდ თქვენ დათანხმდებით მის შესყიდვაზზე
მომავალში გარკვეულ რიცხვში გაკრვეულფ ასად
და ამას ეწოდება შეყსიდვის ხელშეკრულება, მე გავაკეთებ მთლიან დანარჩენ იდეოებს ამაზე
მაგრამ მთლიანი წერტილი ამ ღია ბაზრის ოპერაციბის არის მწკრივი ამ წინა ღამის ნასესხები გაანკვეთის
მაგრამ ისინი ჩვეულბრვი უკავშირდებიან მოკლე დროის სიმდიდრეს დებეტში, რადგან ეს უფრო უსაფრთხოა
ეს კარგად ჩანს ფედერალების ნაკლებ საპროცენტო გაანკვეთზე
მაგრამ თქვენ შეგიძლიათ წარმოიდგინოთ რა ხდება თუ ფედერალები გააგრძელებს დაწევას საპროცენტო განაკვეთსი
იმ მხრივ რომ ასტიმულირონ ეკონომიკა
ასე რომ, ეს გააგრძელებს დაწევას ფედერალური ფონდების განაკვეთის 4% დან 3% მდე, და 2% მდე
შეიძლება ყველა მხრივ ეცემა , საბოლოოდ 0% მდე
Ukrainian:
Завжди ФРС піклується про отримання
процентної ставка в певній зоні,
навколо планового показника
короткострокові казначейські сертифікати,
які зазвичай купує ФРС,
це - тільки тому, що це менш ризиковано, а
іноді вони, навіть, роблять тимчасові угоди.
Вони кажуть: «Дивись, ми купимо у вас
зараз, тільки якщо ви згодні, купити це
в майбутньому за певною ціною
що називається договір РЕПО.
Я зроблю інше відео про це.
Але весь сенс операції на відкритому ринку,
щоб встановити ставку протягом ночі за позиками.
Але вони, як правило, мають справу з короткостроковими
казначейським кредитом, тому що це безпечніше.
Це піддає ФРС меншим ризиком
процентної ставки.
Але ви можете собі уявити, що станеться,
якщо ФРС триматиме низькі процентні ставки,
в якісь мірі краще спробувати
стимулювати економіку.
Так, він продовжує зниження ставки по
федеральних фондах з 4% до 3%, до 2%
може бути, пройшовши весь шлях до 0%.
French:
En général, la Fed se préoccupe de maintenir ce taux d'intérêt dans une certaine zone,
autour d'un certain objectif.
Et les titres du Trésor que la Fed achète normalement sont des titres à court terme.
La raison en est qu'ils sont moins risqués, et parfois elle le fait même sur la base d'un accord temporaire.
Elle dit "On va vous en acheter, mais uniquement si vous acceptez de les racheter
à une certaine date future à un certain prix".
On parle alors de "prise en pension de titres" - je ferai une autre vidéo complète sur le sujet.
Mais tout l'enjeu des opérations d'open market est en fait de définir le taux d'emprunt au jour le jour.
En règle générale, la Fed opte pour la dette du Trésor à court terme parce que c'est plus sûr,
elle est moins exposée au risque de taux d'intérêt.
On peut toutefois imaginer ce qui arriverait si la Fed continuait d'abaisser les taux d'intérêt
en vue d'amorcer la pompe, en vue d'essayer de stimuler l'économie...
Donc, elle continue d'abaisser le taux directeur, de 4 % à 3 %, puis à 2 %,
peut-être même jusqu'à finir à 0 %...
Czech:
A Fed se obvykle stará o to, aby dostal úrokovou sazbu do určitého pásma,
okolo určitého cíle.
A pokladniční poukázky, které Fed normálně nakupuje jsou krákodobé pokladniční poukázky.
A to proto, že je to méně riskantní a někdy to dokonce dělají na základě dočasné dohody.
Řeknou, podívejte, koupíme to od vás teď jen pokud budete souhlasit s nákupem
k nějakému budoucímu datu za určitou cenu.
A nazývá se to dohoda o zpětném odkupu. Udělám o tom celé video.
Ale celý smysl operací na otevřeném trhu je nastavit tuhle sazbu za jednodenní půjčování.
Ale obyvkle se zabývají krátkodobým státním dluhem, protože je to bezpečnější.
Vystavuje to Fed menšímu riziku s úrokovou sazbou.
Ale dokážete si představit, co se stane, když bude Fed pokračovat ve snižování úrokových sazeb,
aby naplnil pumpu, aby se svým způsobem pokusil stimulovat ekonomiku.
Bude pokračovat ve snižování sazby Federálních fondů ze 4% na 3%, na 2%,
třeba až dokonce na 0%.
English:
And the Fed usually cares about
getting that interest rate
within a certain zone,
around a certain target.
And the treasuries that
the Fed normally buys
are short-term treasuries.
And this is just because
this is less risky,
and sometimes they'll even make
it on a temporary agreement.
They'll say, look, we'll
buy it from you now,
only if you agree to purchase
it at some future date
at a certain price.
And that's called a
repurchase agreement.
I'll do a whole
other video on that.
But the whole point of
open market operations
is to set this overnight
borrowing rate.
But they usually deal with
the short-term treasury debt
because it's safer.
It exposes the Fed to
less interest rate risk.
But you can imagine what
happens if the Fed keeps
lowering interest rates in
order to prime the pump,
in order to try to
stimulate the economy.
So it keeps lowering the federal
funds rate from 4%, down to 3%,
down to 2%, maybe going all
the way down eventually to 0%.
Czech:
A celou dobu to dělá tištěním peněz a nákupem krátkodobých cenných papírů USA.
A třeba v tomhle bodě vypadá výnosová křivka takto.
Ale třeba to nestačí. Třeba se ekonomika stále naplňuje.
Třeba lidé i nadále nedostávají hypoteční úvěry.
Nyní už Fed nemůže provádět své tradiční operace na otevřeném trhu a již to více nebude zaměřené
jen na sazbu Federálních fondů, protože ta již skutečně nemůže klesat, již je na nule.
Krátkodobé, jednodenní půjčování mezi bankami je již nula.
Ale když chce Fed nalít více hotovosti, může nyní nakupovat různé druhy cenných papírů.
Může nakoupit státní cenné papíry místo krátkodobých státních cenných papírů,
třeba to mohou být dlouhodobé státní cenné papíry.
Třeba ty, co jsou splatné za rok, za 5 let, za 10 let.
A byl by zde dvojí smysl. Jeden je nalít hotovost do systému,
vytisknout hotovost a dát ji sem, takže je zde pro lidi, aby investovali a pro provoz bankovního systému.
Ale může to být výlučně pro další kontrolu výnosové křivky,
English:
And the whole time, it's been
doing that by printing money
and buying short-term
US securities.
And maybe at this point, the
yield curve looks like that.
But maybe that's not enough.
Maybe the economy's
still tanking.
Maybe people aren't getting
mortgage loans still.
So now, the Fed can no longer
do its traditional open market
operations.
And it will no longer be focused
on just the federal funds
rate, because really,
it can't go any lower.
It already hit zero.
Short-term overnight borrowing
between banks is already zero.
But if the Fed wants
to inject more cash,
it can now buy different
types of securities.
It can buy treasury
securities that are-- so
instead of short term
treasury securities,
maybe it could be longer
term treasury securities.
So maybe stuff that's one
year out, five years out,
10 years out.
And the point here
would be two-fold.
One, to inject cash
into the system,
to print cash and put
it out there so it's
there for people to invest
and for the banking system
to operate.
But it might be to explicitly
control the yield curve further
French:
Elle a agi pendant tout ce temps en imprimant de l'argent et en achetant des titres américains à court terme.
À ce moment-là, la courbe des taux pourrait par exemple ressembler à ça...
Mais ça n'est peut-être pas suffisant, peut-être que le marasme économique se poursuit...
Peut-être que les gens n'arrivent toujours pas à obtenir des prêts...
Donc, maintenant la Fed ne peut plus réaliser ses opérations d'open market conventionnelles, et elle ne va plus simplement se focaliser
sur le taux directeur, puisqu'il ne peut plus descendre plus bas, il a déjà atteint 0.
Le taux d'emprunt à court terme au jour le jour entre les banques est déjà à 0.
Si toutefois la Fed veut injecter de nouvelles liquidités, elle peut maintenant acheter différents types de titres.
Plutôt que des titres à court terme du Trésor, elle peut acheter des titres du Trésor à plus long terme,
elle peut acheter des bons du Trésor.
Donc des produits à échéance un an, cinq ans, dix ans...
L'objectif ici serait double : d'abord injecter des liquidités dans le système,
pour imprimer des liquidités et les mettre en circulation pour aider les gens à investir et le système bancaire à fonctionner,
et ensuite ça pourrait être pour contrôler expressément le prolongement de la courbe des taux,
Ukrainian:
весь цей час,вони робили це, друкуючи гроші і
купуючи короткострокові цінні папери США.
в цей момент, крива прибутковості
виглядає так.
Можливо, це не є достатньо, можливо люди не отримують
іпотечні кредити як і раніше.
Так що тепер ФРС більше не можуть робити свої традиційні операції на відкритому ринку, і не буде більше зосереджена
тільки на ставку по федеральних фондах бо насправді
вона не може йти нижче бо це вже нуль.
Короткострокові протягом ночі запозичення
між банками є вже на нулі.
Але, якщо ФРС хоче вкласти більше грошей,
він тепер може купити різні види цінних паперів,
можна купити казначейські цінні папери, так в якості альтернативи короткострокових казначейських цінних паперів,
це може бути довгострокові
казначейські цінні папери.
можуть бути ці речі на один рік,
п'ять років, десять років
Основна ідея складається з двох частин. Перша буде вводити гроші в систему,
Щоб надрукувати готівку , щоб люди вклали
капіталі, щоб банківська система діяла.
Але це може бути точний контроль
кривої прибутковості
таким чином, займаюча вартість для довшого боргу йде вниз, таким чином, крива доходності виглядає так
Japanese:
この間、継続しお金を印刷して米国短期証券を購入します。
この時点で、貸付金の収益の曲線はこのように見えます。
まだ、経済の暴落が続いているとします。
多くの人はまだ住宅ローンが得られません。
連邦準備銀行は、もはや、連邦資金率を調整する従来の公開市場操作を行うことができません。
これ以上低くなりません。それは既にゼロです。
短期貸し付け利子は既にゼロです。
連邦準備銀行がより多くの現金を注入したい場合は、別の種類の有価証券を買うことができます。
短期の財務省証券ではなく、財務省証券を買うことができます。
または、長期財務省証券です。
１年、5 年間、10 年の満期の物です。
ここでのポイントは 2つになります。
1 つは、経済システムに現金を注入すること。
現金を印刷し、人々 が投資したり、銀行システムが動作するようになります。
しかし、これは、この曲線をさらに明示的に制御します。
Georgian:
და მთლიანი დრო, ეს ხდება ფულის დაბეჭდვით და ყიდვით მოკლე დროშ აშშ-ს ფასიანი ქაღალდების
და შეიძლება, ემ წერტილში, სარგებლიანობის მრუდი გამოყურება როგორც ეს
მაგრამ ეს არ არის საკმარისი
Turkish:
Bu faiz düşüşü sürecinde, FED sürekli para basarak
piyasadan kısa vadeli ABD hazine bonolarını alıyor olacak.
Bunun getiri eğrisi üzerindeki etkisi bu şekilde olacak.
Bunun da ekonomiyi harekete geçirmek için yeterli olmayacağı durumlar olabilir.
Ekonomik hareketlenme başlamayabilir.
Bu durumda FED alışılagelmiş Açık Piyasa İşlemlerinin ötesinde bir şeyler düşünmek zorunda kalacak,
zira artık federal fon oranını düşürebileceğiniz bir yer kalmamış,
oran zaten sıfır.
Bankalar arası piyasada gecelik borçlanma faizi 0.
Eğer FED hala piyasalara likidite enjekte etmek istiyorsa,
değişik tiplerde menkul kıymetleri satın almaya başlayabilir.
Kısa vadeli hazine bonolarının yanısıra,
uzun vadeli devlet tahvillerini de satın almaya başlayabilir.
1 yıl vadeli, 5 yıl vadeli, 10 yıl vadeli tahvilleri de satın almaya başlayabilir.
Bunun farklı etkileri olabilir.
Para basıyorsunuz ve bunu sisteme enjekte ediyorsunuz,
insanlar bu nakiti bankalara yatırıyor, bankacılık sistemi bunları reel ekonomiye kredi olarak kullandırıyor, ekonomi canlanıyor, bunlardan daha önce bahsetmiştik.
Getiri eğrisinde, özellikle uzun vadelere baktığınızda
Portuguese:
o tempo todo imprimindo moedas
e comprando valores de curto prazo.
Talvez, neste ponto, a curva
de rendimentos
fique assim.
Se isso não for suficiente,
se a economia continuar afundando
e as pessoas
pararem de pagar suas hipotecas,
o Banco Central não poderá mais
operar no marcado aberto
e não estará mais focado
na taxa básica de juros,
que não pode baixar mais,
já está em zero.
Empréstimos interbancários de curto prazo
ficaram zerados.
Mas o Banco Central pode injetar
mais dinheiro
comprando outros tipos de títulos,
como títulos do Tesouro.
Em vez de títulos de curto prazo,
compra títulos de longo prazo do Tesouro,
talvez com vencimento em um ano,
cinco anos, dez anos.
E aqui há duas questões.
Uma é injetar dinheiro no sistema:
imprimir dinheiro e distribuir,
para que as pessoas invistam
e o sistema bancário opere.
Mas pode ser um controle explícito
da curva de rendimentos,
French:
de manière à tirer vers le bas le coût d'emprunt à plus long terme, et que la courbe de taux devienne alors quelque chose comme ça...
Parce que si elle achète des titres du Trésor à plus longue échéance, elle va réduire leur rendement.
Elle pourrait aussi commencer à acheter des produits qui ne sont pas des titres du Trésor.
Par exemple des titres adossés à des créances hypothécaires, pour détendre un petit peu le marché du crédit hypothécaire,
le rendre un peu plus liquide.
Ce type d'intervention peu conventionnel, dans lequel la Fed ne s'intéresse plus au taux directeur
- celui-ci étant déjà à 0 -
dans lequel la Fed n'achète pas de la dette à court terme, mais essaie d'acheter de la dette à long terme,
des produits qui abaissent encore la courbe des taux, et peut-être même des produits qui ne sont pas forcément des titres du Trésor,
(elle peut par exemple acheter de la dette d'entreprise, ou encore des titres adossés à des créances hypothécaires)
s'appelle l'"assouplissement quantitatif".
Deux éléments distinguent ce type d'intervention des opérations d'open market conventionnelles de la Fed.
Elle ne s'intéresse plus désormais au taux directeur, puisqu'il est déjà à 0.
Czech:
takže náklady na půjčování za delší dluh klesají a výnosová křivka vypadá nějak takhle.
Protože pokud je to nakupování pokladničních poukázek s delší splatností, sníží to výnos.
Nebo mohou dokonce začít nakupovat věci jiné než pokladniční poukázky.
Třeba budou nakupovat cenné papíry kryté hypotékou, takže to trochu uvolní trh s hypotékami,
bude trochu více likvidní.
A tyhle netradiční druhy intervence, kde se Fed již neobává o cílovou sazbu,
protože cílová sazba je již na nule,
kde Fed nenakupuje krátkodobý dluh, ale snaží se nakupovat dlouhodobější dluh,
věci dál ve směru výnosové křivky a třeba věci, které pro začátek nejsou státní cenné papíry,
třeba začínají nakupovat korporátní dluh, třeba začínají nakupovat cenné papíry kryté hypotékami,
tohle se nazývá kvantitativní uvolňování.
Existují dva elementy, které to odlišují od tradičních operací Fedu na otevřeném trhu.
Již nejsou znepokojeni sazbou Federálních fondů, protože ta je již na nule.
Portuguese:
de forma que o custo dos empréstimos
de longo prazo caia
e a curva de rendimentos fique assim,
pois comprar títulos com prazo mais longo
reduz o rendimento.
Ou poderiam comprar títulos
que não são do Tesouro,
como títulos lastreados por hipotecas,
para fazer o mercado de hipotecas
um pouco mais líquido.
Nessa intervenção não convencional,
o Banco Central
não mais se importa com a taxa alvo,
por estar zerada.
Também para de comprar
títulos de curto prazo,
e prefere comprar títulos
de longo prazo,
o que empurra a curva para baixo.
Em vez de títulos de Tesouro, talvez
passe a comprar débito corporativo
ou talvez comece a comprar
títulos lastreados por hipotecas,
e isto se chama
relaxamento quantitativo.
Há dois elementos que o faz diferente
das operações habituais do Banco Central
no mercado aberto:
a falta de interesse pela
taxa básica de juros,
que agora é zero
e em segundo lugar,
Turkish:
baktığınızda getiri eğrisi değişecek,
zira FED artık uzun vadeli tahvilleri de almaya başladığı için bu vadelerde de faizler düştü.
FED daha uzun vadeli tahvilleri satın almaya başladığı için, uzun vadeli tahvillerin fiyatı yükseldi bu da getirilerini düşürdü. düştü.
API çerçevesinde kısa vadeli hazine bonolarını alıyorlardı.
İkinci aşamada uzun vadeli devlet tahvillerini de satın almaya başladılar.
Bir sonraki aşamada, ipoteğe dayalı menkul kıymetler piyasasının daha likid hale gelmesini hedefleyebilirler
ve ipoteğe dayalı menkul kıymetleri de satın almaya başlayabilirler.
Vadelerin bu şekilde uzaması ve satın alınan menkul kıymetlerin çeşitlendirilmesi, alışageldiğimiz API işlemlerinin oldukça dışında uygulamalar.
Burada FED'in federal fon oranı hedefini gözeterek hareket ettiğini söylemek zor, zira Fed Funds Rate zaten sıfıra inmiş durumda.
Ağzımdan kaçmadı, günlük konuşmada bu terim ülkemizde de 'Fed funds rate' diye kullanılıyor aslında.
Sadece kısa vadeli bonoları değil,
uzun vadeli devlet tahvillerini de alıyor.
Bir yer geliyor sadece devlet tarafından ihraç edilmiş olan menkul kıymetleri değil,
ipoteğe dayalı menkul kıymetleri de satın almaya başlıyorlar.
Gördüğümüz bu gelişmelere 'Parasal Genişleme' diyoruz.
Diğer parasal genişlemelerden ayrılması, ABD'de finansal kriz sürecinde yaşananları anlatması için bu terimin de orijinal haliyle, 'Quantitative Easing' olarak kullanıldığını duyabilirsiniz.
Hatta sadece QE olarak adlandırılıyor.
Bu parasal genişlemenin,
alışageldiğimiz FED açık piyasa işlemlerinden farklı olan yönleri var:
Artık temel hedef Fed funds rate değil, zira federal fon oranı zaten sıfıra inmiş durumda.
Japanese:
長期の借入コストがダウンし、収益の曲線はこのようなになります。
長い満期の米国債を購入した場合は、利子の収益が下がります。
または、米国債ではないものを購入することもあります。
住宅ローン担保証券を買うと、住宅ローン市場の
流動性が上がります。
これは、非伝統的な介入で、この時点では金利は既に０なので、
連邦準備銀行は、
短期債権ではなく、長期国債を購入しています。
収益の曲線をさらに下げる物です。財務省証券ではない物も可能です。
企業の負債や住宅ローン担保証券を購入し始めています。
これを量的金融緩和 ― quantitative easingと呼びます。
伝統的な連邦準備制度の公開市場操作とは異なる 2 つの要素があります。
これは、金利を考慮していません、それは既に０です。
English:
out so that borrowing
costs for longer debt
goes down, so that the
yield curve looks something
like that.
Because if it's buying
longer maturity treasuries
that will lower the yield.
Or they might even start to buy
things that aren't treasuries.
Maybe they'll buy
mortgage-backed securities.
So it makes the mortgage
market a little bit looser,
a little bit more liquid.
And this non-traditional
type of intervention,
where the Fed is no longer
concerned about a target rate,
because the target rate
is already at zero.
Where the Fed is not
purchasing short-term debt,
but is starting to
buy longer term debt,
things further down
the yield curve.
And maybe things that
aren't treasury securities
to begin with.
Maybe they're starting
to buy corporate debt.
Maybe they're starting to buy
mortgage-backed securities.
This is called
quantitative easing.
And there's two
elements to it that
make it different from
traditional Fed open market
operations.
They are now no longer concerned
about the Fed fund rate,
because it's already at zero.
Ukrainian:
Тому що, якщо він купує з великим терміном погашення казначейських цінних паперів, що знизить дохід.
Або вони можуть навіть почати купувати
речі, які не є Казначейськими.
Можливо, вони будуть купувати іпотечні цінні папери, так що це зробить ринок іпотеки трохи послабленим,
так, це загалом, його послабить.
І це - нетрадиційний вид втручання, де ФРС більше
не є стурбований запланованим темпам росту
тому що цільовий показник вже на нулі,
де ФРС не придбає короткострокової заборгованості, але намагається купити довгострокову заборгованість.
Наступні речі, згідно кривої прибутковості,
можливо, речі, які не є цінними паперами,
можливо, вони почнуть купувати корпоративний борг, можливо, вони почнуть купувати іпотечні цінні папери,
і ці різні варіанти називаються валютним стимулюванням.
Є два елементи , які роблять його відмінним від традиційних операцій ФРС на відкритому ринку.
в теперішній час вони більше не стурбовані ставками ФРС фондів, тому що вони на нулі.
Portuguese:
há o interesse em comprar valores
abaixo da curva de rendimentos
para tentar controlar a própria
curva de rendimentos.
E a aquisição
de títulos menos convencionais
tem o objetivo de tornar o mercado
mais operacional.
[Legendado por Laércio Junior]
Japanese:
さらに、収益曲線を下げるものを購入しています。
この曲線自体を制御しようとしています。
あまり伝統的でない有価証券でも、
市場に介入できれば、購入の対象となります。
English:
The other thing is, is
that they're buying things
maybe further down
the yield curve.
So they're trying to control
the yield curve itself.
And they're maybe buying
less traditional securities,
with the goal of maybe making
those markets a little bit more
operational.
Ukrainian:
по кривій прибутковості ще далі вони купують речі
так, вони намагаються контролювати саму криву прибутковості,
вони купують менше традиційних цінних паперів
з метою зробити ці ринки трохи більше активними.
French:
L'autre point, c'est qu'elle achète des produits à un niveau plus élevé sur la courbe des taux,
donc elle essaye de contrôler la courbe de taux elle-même,
et elle achète par exemple moins de titres traditionnels
avec l'objectif, par exemple, de rendre les marchés en question un petit peu plus opérationnels.
Turkish:
Daha uzun vadeli kağıtları da satın alarak,
aslında getiri eğrisinin tamamını kontrol altında tutmaya çalışıyorlar.
Alışageldiğimiz hazine kağıtlarının yanısıra,
API işlemleri ile başka menkul değerleri de satın almaya başlamış olmaları ise
o piyasalarda işlem hacmi olmasını,
derinliğin artmasını hedefliyor.
Czech:
Další věc je, že nakupují věci dále ve směru výnosové křivky,
takže se snaží kontrolovat samotnou výnosovou křivku a
nakupují méně tradiční cenné papíry
s cílem, aby tyto trhy byly trochu více funkční.
|
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- In this video, we're going to talk about
some terminology that we use to talk about
how circuits are put together.
In previous videos, we've talked about
the components or elements that are used
to make up circuits, so for example,
resistor, capacitor, and inductor
are circuit components, we
also call those elements.
In addition, we have some sources
like a voltage source or for
example, a current source.
Those would be the components
or elements of a circuit, el-e-ments.
Now we're going to start
assembling these things
into circuits, and we need a
few more words to talk about.
Here's some circuit
components that are laying
out on the tabletop,
and we're going to connect
those up with a wire.
For example, I could
connect this one to this one
with this yellow ideal wire, and an ideal
wire has zero resistance
and is perfect everywhere,
and this forms a junction
between these two components
and that is called a node.
Node is the word for junction,
meaning the same thing.
And that's what a node is.
If I connect up these
two other components,
I still have one node
because I have one junction
that's the same voltage everywhere,
so that's what a node is.
We're going to go over
to this circuit here
and we'll identify the nodes.
This is a little more
normal-looking, tidy circuit.
Here's a junction right here between
a resistor and this voltage source,
so that's one node.
If I move over here, I see resistors
connected together by ideal wires,
so that forms one single node like that.
So that's our second node, and down below,
same sort of thing, I see an ideal wire
connecting the resistors and the source.
So I can color that in and that's
node number three.
So this circuit has three nodes.
Now what's connecting the nodes?
The thing that's connecting
the nodes is called a branch.
And a branch is the same
thing as an element.
We'll cap the... the branches
are elements in this thing.
This voltage source
connects the third node
to the first node, so that's one element.
This resistor connects
node one and node two,
so that's the second branch.
This resistor connects
node two and node three,
so there's the third
branch, and this resistor
with a separate current also
connects those two nodes
so that's the fourth branch.
So this circuit has one, two, three, four
elements in it, and it also
means it has four branches.
Four branches, so that's
what a branch and a node are.
I can move the picture over a little bit
so that we can do this again on
a little more fancy circuit.
So the first thing we're going to do again
just to repeat the process,
we're going to count the nodes.
Here's a junction between a resistor
and a source, here's three resistors
connected by a perfect wire.
So that's the second node.
Here's three more resistors, connected
by a perfect wire, there's a third.
Down here we have, there's a junction
between two resistors, so
that's our fourth node.
And finally we have this node here
connecting these four elements
with one node.
This is sometimes called a distributed,
a distributed node when
it's all spread out
on the page like that, but
it's still just one node.
So this circuit has five nodes.
And if we count up the elements,
that will tell us how
many branches there are.
One element, two, three, four,
five, six, seven.
Seven elements.
All right, there's our two, two key words.
Elements and nodes.
Now I'm going to quickly move again
down, bring in another circuit here.
Now we're going to talk
about the idea of a mesh.
And the other thing
we're going to talk about
is the word loop.
The word mesh comes from screen doors
or screens that you put on your windows
to keep the bugs out.
If I draw a screen like this, this is what
it looks like, a bunch of crossing wires
and this little space
right here, that little gap
is called a mesh, that's
what that word comes from.
So we're going to find
the meshes of our circuit,
and what we look for, here's the branches,
and the mesh, it is a kind of a loop
that fills up this open space.
This circuit has one mesh,
two mesh, three meshes.
That's how that looks.
To draw a mesh, you start on a node,
you go through elements
until you come back
to where you started.
That's how we did those three,
and they fill the open
windows of the circuit.
So this circuit has three meshes.
Now a mesh is a loop, and we can have
other kinds of loops too.
They don't have to be just the ones
that fill the windows, so in general,
this circuit has other
loops, and we'll identify
some of those, let's just start
at one of these nodes here,
and go around like that
and this is a loop.
And I could draw other loops in here.
We'll make them all different colors.
There's a loop if I start right here,
I can draw a loop through these elements.
And finally, if I have a sharp eye,
there's one more loop in this circuit.
Let's just start right
here, and it actually
goes all the way around the outside.
So this circuit has three, actually,
if I add them together,
this has three loops
that I drew here plus the three loops
that were the meshes, so
this circuit has six loops.
Circuits always have a lot of loops,
and so usually we don't talk about these.
More often, it's more
organized and straightforward
to talk about how many
meshes are in a circuit.
All right, so that does it for this video.
We got mesh and loop, we talked
about components and elements.
And we finished up with the idea
also of nodes
and branches.
So that'll do it, there's
our new vocabulary
for talking about circuits.
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Korean:
이 동영상에서 제가 하고 싶은 것은
지수함수의 도함수에 대한 탐구입니다
우리는 이미 x에 대한
e^x의 미분값이
e^x임을 살펴보았습니다
이는 놀라운 것입니다
e가 특별한 이유들 중 하나입니다
만약 밑이 e인 지수함수를
가지고 있다면 그것의
미분값은 원함수에서의
기울기와 같습니다
하지만 다른 밑을 가질 때를 생각해봅시다
a^x의 x에 대한
미분값을 만약 a가 임의의 상수라면
알 수 있을까요?
알아낼 방법이 있을까요?
혹시 e^x의 미분에 대한 지식을
사용할까요?
만약 약간의 대수와
e의 성질로 다시 쓸 수 있다면
English:
- [Voiceover] What I
want to do in this video
is explore taking the derivatives
of exponential functions.
So we've already seen that the derivative
with respect to x of e to the x
is equal to e to x,
which is a pretty amazing thing.
One of the many things that
makes e somewhat special.
Though when you have an exponential
with your base right over here as e,
the derivative of it,
the slope at any point,
is equal to the value
of that actual function.
But now let's start exploring
when we have other bases.
Can we somehow figure out
what is the derivative,
what is the derivative with respect to x
when we have a to the x,
where a could be any number?
Is there some way to figure this out?
And maybe using our
knowledge that the derivative
of e to the x, is e to the x.
Well can we somehow use
a little bit of algebra
and exponent properties to rewrite this
Bulgarian:
В настоящия урок искам
да изследвам намирането на
производни на функции със степени.
Вече видяхме, че производната
спрямо x на e^x
е равна на e^x,
което е удивително нещо.
Едно от многото неща, които правят
'e' специално число по някакъв начин.
Въпреки че е дадена функция
със степен,
и с числото e за основа ето тук,
производната на функцията, т.е. наклонът
в коя да е точка от функцията,
ще бъде равен на стойността
на самата функция.
Нека сега да изследваме случаи,
в които имаме други числа за основа.
Можем ли по някакъв начин
да намерим на какво
е равна производната спрямо x,
когато имаме a^x, където
a може да е всяко число?
Има ли начин да отговорим
на този въпрос?
Може да е като използваме
знанието, че производната
на e^x е равна на e^x.
А може ли да използваме
малко алгебра
и свойства на степените,
за да запишем функцията,
Czech:
V tomto videu se chci zabývat
derivacemi exponenciálních funkcí.
Už jsme se setkali s derivacemi
podle x z (e na x), což je (e na x),
to je docela zajímavá věc.
Jedna z mnoha věcí,
která činí e neobvyklým.
Když zde máte exponenciální
funkci o základu e,
její derivace, sklon v jakémkoli bodě,
je roven hodnotě aktuální funkce.
Pojďme teď prozkoumat
funkce o jiném základu.
Můžeme nějak přijít na to,
co je derivací podle x,
pokud máme (a na x),
kde 'a' může být jakékoli číslo?
Lze to nějak vyřešit?
A možná s využitím znalosti,
že derivace (e na x) je (e na x)?
Můžeme nějak použít trochu
algebry a vlastností exponentu
Thai:
สิ่งที่ผมอยากทำในวิดีโอนี้
คือสำรวจเรื่องการหาอนุพันธ์ของ
ฟังก์ชันเอกซ์โพเนนเชียล
เราเห็นมาแล้วว่าอนุพันธ์
เทียบกับ x ของ e กำลัง x
เท่ากับ e กำลัง x
ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่น่าอัศจรรย์ทีเดียว
เป็นสิ่งหนึ่งที่ทำให้ e นั้นพิเศษ
เวลาคุณมีเอกซ์โพเนนเชียล
ที่ฐานของคุณตรงนี้เป็น e
อนุพันธ์ของมัน ความชันที่จุดใดๆ
เท่ากับค่าของฟังก์ชันตรงนั้น
แต่ตอนนี้ เราเริ่มสำรวจกรณีที่เรามีฐานอื่นบ้าง
เราหาได้ไหมว่าอนุพันธ์คืออะไร
อนุพันธ์เทียบกับ x
เมื่อเรามี a กำลัง x เมื่อ a เป็นจำนวนใดๆ
คืออะไร?
มันมีวิธีหาไหม?
อาจจะใช้ความรู้ของเราที่ว่าอนุพันธ์
ของ e กำลัง x เท่ากับ e กำลัง x
เราใช้พีชคณิต
และสมบัติเลขยกกำลัง เขียนอันนี้
Korean:
e가 밑인 것으로 볼 수 있을까요?
여러분은 a를 볼 수 있습니다
a가 다시 쓰자면
이렇게 다시 쓰겠습니다
a가 e^(ln a)임을
볼 수 있습니다
만약에 이것이 직관적이지 않다면
여러분이 이것에 대해
다시 생각해보기를 바랍니다
ln a 가 무엇일까요?
a의 자연 로그는 e에 지수로 취해
a를 얻기 위한 것입니다
만약에 e의 지수 형태로 얻고
싶을 때 여러분은
a를 얻기 위해 e의 지수형태로
올릴 수 있습니다
그럼 a를 얻을 수 있을 것입니다
이것에 대해 생각해 보겠습니다
이것을 맹신하지 마십시오
이것이 말이 되는 것처럼 보일 수 있습니다
이것은 진짜 로그에 대해 보여줍니다
따라서 우리는 a를 이 표현으로 대체할 수 있습니다
만약 a가 e^(ln a)와 같다면
Bulgarian:
така че да изглежда като нещо,
което има числото e за основа?
Може да разглеждаш числото a,
може да го разглеждаш като нещо,
което е свързано с числото e.
Нека да го запиша по следния начин.
Добре. Разглеждаме a като равно на
е на степен натурален
логаритъм от а.
Ако сега не е очевидно за теб,
то наистина искам
да помислиш върху това.
Какво представлява
натуралният логаритъм от a?
Натуралният логаритъм от a
е степента, на която следва
да повдигнеш числото е,
за да получиш числото а.
Ако действително повдигнеш
e на степен...
ако повдигнеш e на степента,
която е необходима,
за да се получи числото а.
Тогава просто ще получиш
числото а.
Така че наистина помисли
върху това.
Недей наготово
да приемаш това за истина.
Наистина трябва да го разбереш.
И това ще дойде от знанието
какво всъщност е логаритъм.
Може да заместим a с целия
този израз ето тук.
Ако a е същото нещо като
e на степен натурален логаритъм от a,
English:
so it does look like
something with e as a base?
Well, you could view a,
you could view a as being equal to e.
Let me write it this way.
Well all right, a as being equal to e
to the natural log of a.
Now if this isn't obvious to you,
I really want you to think about it.
What is the natural log of a?
The natural log of a is the power you need
to raise e to, to get to a.
So if you actually raise e to that power,
if you raise e to the power you need
to raise e too to get to a.
Well then you're just going to get to a.
So really think about this.
Don't just accept this as a leap of faith.
It should make sense to you.
And it just comes out of
really what a logarithm is.
And so we can replace a with
this whole expression here.
If a is the same thing as
e to the natural log of a,
Thai:
ให้มันดูเหมือนว่า e เป็นฐานได้ไหม?
คุณมอง a
คุณมอง a ว่าเท่ากับ e ได้
ขอผมเขียนแบบนี้นะ
เอาล่ะ a เท่ากับ e
กำลังล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
ถ้าคุณไม่เห็นชัดว่าทำไม
ผมอยากให้คุณคิดดู
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คืออะไร?
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คือกำลังที่คุณต้อง
ยก e จึงจะได้ a
ถ้าคุณยกกำลัง e ด้วยกำลังนั้น
ถ้าคุณยก e กำลังค่าที่คุณต้อง
ยก e เพื่อให้ได้ a
คุณก็จะได้ค่า a
คิดดู
อย่ายอมเชื่อง่ายๆ
แล้วคุณจะเข้าใจ
มันตรงมาจากนิยามว่าลอการิทึมคืออะไร
แล้วเราแทน a ด้วยพจน์ทั้งหมดนี่ตรงนี้ได้
ถ้า a เท่ากับ e ยกกำลังล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
Czech:
a přepsat to tak,
že 'e' bude základ?
Můžeme uvažovat,
že 'a' rovná se 'e'…
Napíšu to takto.
'a' se rovná 'e' na
přirozený logaritmus 'a'.
Pokud vám to není jasné,
chci, abyste o tom přemýšleli.
Čemu je roven přirozený
logaritmus z 'a'?
Přirozeným logaritmem 'a' je mocnina,
kterou umocníte 'e', abyste dostali 'a'.
Takže pokud umocníte e
exponentem, který potřebujete,
abyste po umocnění dostali 'a',
potom dostanete hodnotu 'a'.
Tak o tom popřemýšlejte.
Nepřijměte to jako slepou pravdu.
Mělo by vám to dávat smysl.
Vychází to z toho,
co je logaritmus.
Takže můžeme nahradit 'a'
tímto celým výrazem.
Pokud 'a' je shodné
s 'e' na přirozený logaritmus,
Thai:
แล้วอันนี้จะเท่ากับ
อันนี้จะเท่ากับอนุพันธ์
เทียบกับ x
ของ e กำลังล็อกธรรมชาติ
ผมเขียน la อยู่นั่นแหละ [หัวเราะ]
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
แล้วเราจะยกกำลังมันด้วย x
เราจะยกกำลังมันด้วย x
และตอนนี้ เมื่อใช้สมบัติเลขยกกำลัง
อันนี้จะเท่ากับอนุพันธ์
เทียบกับ x ของ
ผมจะใช้สีแทนความหมายไปเรื่อยๆ
ถ้าผมยกกำลังอะไรสักอย่าง
ด้วยเลขชี้กำลังค่าหนึ่ง
แล้วยกกำลังมันด้วยเลขชี้กำลังอีกตัว
มันจะเท่ากับ การยกกำลังฐานเดิม
ด้วยผลคูณของเลขชี้กำลังเหล่านั้น
นั่นก็แค่สมบัติเลขยกกำลังพื้นฐาน
มันจะเท่ากับ e
กำลังล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คูณ x
คูณ x
แล้วตอนนี้เราใช้กฎลูกโซ่
Korean:
이것은
x에 대해서
e ^(ln a)의 미분이
될 것입니다
계속 웃는 것으로 표기하였군요
a의 자연로그입니다
이것을 x 제곱할 것입니다
이것을 x만큼 제곱하면
e의 성질으로부터
x에 대한 미분값과
동일할 것입니다
계속하여 색을 칠하겠습니다
만약 제가 e에
지수를 취하면
원래 밑에
지수의 곱을 지수로 취하는 것과 같습니다
이것은 지수의 기본적인 성질입니다
결국 저것은 e에
a의 자연로그 제곱에
x제곱을 한 것과
같습니다
이제 우리는 연쇄 법칙을 사용해서
Bulgarian:
то тогава производната ще бъде...
Производната ще бъде
равна на производната
спрямо x
на е на степен натурален логаритъм.
О, продължавам да пиша la!
На степен натурален логаритъм от а.
След това ще повдигнем
този израз на степен x.
ще повдигнем този израз на степен x.
И сега, просто като използваме
свойствата на степените,
това ще бъде равно на производната
спрямо x на...
Продължавам да използвам
различни цветове.
Ако повдигна нещо на степен,
а след това повдигна
резултата на степен,
то това е нещо, което представлява
повдигането на нашата основа
на произведението
от тези две степени.
Това е просто основно
свойство на степените.
Следователно този израз ще бъде
същото нещо като
е на степен
натурален логаритъм от a...
На степен натурален логаритъм от a,
умножено по x.
Умножено по x
в степенния показател.
Сега може да използваме
верижното правило,
English:
well then this is going to be,
then this is going to be
equal to the derivative
with respect to x
of e to the natural log,
I keep writing la (laughs),
to the natural log of a
and then we're going to
raise that to the xth power.
We're going to raise that to the x power.
And now this, just using
our exponent properties,
this is going to be
equal to the derivative
with respect to x of,
and I'll just keep color-coding it.
If I raise something to an exponent
and then raise that to an exponent,
that's the same thing as
raising our original base
to the product of those exponents.
That's just a basic exponent property.
So that's going to be the same thing as e
to the natural log of a,
natural log of a times x power.
Times x power.
And now we can use the chain rule
Czech:
potom to bude rovno
derivaci podle x…
Derivaci e na ln(a) a potom to
umocníme na x-tou mocninu.
Teď s užitím vlastnosti exponentu
to bude rovno derivaci podle x…
Tady to zvýrazním.
Pokud něco umocním
a ještě znovu to umocním,
je to stejné jako umocnit
původní základ na součin exponentů.
To je základní
vlastnost exponentů.
Tedy to bude stejné jako 'e' na přirozený
logaritmus 'a' krát 'x'.
Czech:
A teď to můžeme použít pravidlo
o složené funkci a vyčíslit derivaci.
Takže teď uděláme to,
že první vezmeme
derivaci vnější funkce.
'e' na přirozený logaritmus
'a' krát 'x' podle vnitřní funkce,
tedy podle přirozeného
logaritmu 'a' krát x.
Bude se to rovnat 'e' na
přirozený logaritmus 'a' krát 'x'.
A potom vezmeme derivaci
vnitřní funkce podle x.
Přirozený logaritmus 'a'…
Nemusí to být hned
patrné, ale to je číslo.
Bude to vynásobené derivací.
Kdyby to byla derivace
(3x), byly by to 3.
Když to je derivace
přirozeného logaritmu 'a' krát 'x',
bude to přirozený
logaritmus 'a'.
A to nám dá přirozený logaritmus 'a'
krát 'e' na přirozený logaritmus 'a'.
English:
to evaluate this derivative.
So what we will do is
we will first take the derivative
of the outside function.
So e to the natural log of a times x
with respect to the inside function,
with respect to natural log of a times x.
And so, this is going to be equal to e
to the natural log of a times x.
And then we take the derivative
of that inside function
with respect to x.
Well natural log of a,
it might not immediately jump out to you,
but that's just going to be a number.
So that's just going to be,
so times the derivative.
If it was the derivative of
three x, it would just be three.
If it's the derivative
of natural log a times x,
it's just going to be natural log of a.
And so this is going to give us
the natural log of a times e
to the natural log of a.
Korean:
이 미분을 할 수 있습니다
우리가 할 것은
바깥의 함수의 미분을 취하고
따라서 e^(ln a)x
의 안쪽 함수 즉,
(ln a)x에 대한 미분을 구할 것입니다
따라서 이것은
e^(ln a)x와 같을 것입니다
그리고 안쪽의 함수의 x에 관한
미분을 할 것입니다
ln a는 미분이 바로 생각나지는
않을지는 몰라도
상수입니다
따라서 이것은
미분에 영향을 주지 않습니다
3x 였다면 미분값은 x가 될것입니다
만약 이것이 (ln a)x였다면
ln a가 될 것입니다
따라서 이것은
(ln a)e^(lna)^x와
같다는 것을 알 수 있습니다
Thai:
เพื่อหาค่าอนุพันธ์นี้ได้
สิ่งที่เราจะทำ
คือเราจะหาอนุพันธ์ของฟังก์ชันนอก
e กำลังล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คูณ x
เทียบกับฟังก์ชันใน
เทียบกับล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คูณ x
แล้ว อันนี้จะเท่ากับ e
กำลังล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คูณ x
แล้วเราหาอนุพันธ์ของฟังก์ชันในนั้น
เทียบกับ x
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
มันอาจไม่สะดุดตาคุณทันที
แต่มันจะเท่ากับจำนวนนั้น
มันจะเท่ากับ
คูณอนุพันธ์
ถ้ามันเป็นอนุพันธ์ของ 3x มันจะได้ 3
ถ้ามันเป็นอนุพันธ์ของล็อกธรรมชาติ a คูณ x
มันจะได้แค่ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
แล้วอันนี้จะให้
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a คูณ e
กำลังล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
Bulgarian:
за да намерим производната.
Това, което ще направим,
е първо да намерим
производната на външната функция.
Тоест на числото e на степен
натурален логаритъм от a по x,
спрямо вътрешната функция,
спрямо натурален логаритъм
от а по x.
И така, това ще бъде равно
на e на степен натурален
логаритъм от a по x.
След това намираме
производната на вътрешната функция
спрямо x.
E, натурален логаритъм от a,
може да не се досетиш веднага,
но това просто ще бъде числото ln(a).
Следователно това число просто ще бъде
умножено по производната.
Ако беше производната на 3 по x,
щеше да бъде просто 3.
Ако е производната на
натурален логаритъм от a по x,
то ще бъде просто
натурален логаритъм от a.
И това ще ни даде като резултат
натурален логаритъм от a
по e на степен
натурален логаритъм от a.
English:
And I'm going to write it like this.
Natural log of a to the x power.
Well we've already seen this.
This right over here is just a.
So it all simplifies.
It all simplifies to the natural log of a
times a to the x,
which is a pretty neat result.
So if you're taking the
derivative of e to the x,
it's just going to be e to the x.
If you're taking the
derivative of a to the x,
it's just going to be the natural
log of a times a to the x.
And so we can now use this result
to actually take the
derivatives of these types
of expressions with bases other than e.
So if I want to find the derivative
with respect to x
of eight times three to the x power,
well what's that going to be?
Well that's just going to be eight times
Bulgarian:
Ще го запиша по следния начин.
Повдигнато на степен x.
Вече сме виждали това.
Това ето тук е просто числото а.
Следователно резултатът
се опростява.
Опростява се до
натурален логаритъм от a
умножено по а на степен x,
което изглежда сравнително
добре като резултат.
Следователно ако търсиш
производната на e на степен x,
то просто ще е равна на
е на степен x.
Ако търсиш производната на
а на степен x,
тя е равна на натурален логаритъм от а, умножено по а на степен x.
Сега вече може да използваме
този резултат,
за да намираме производните
на такива видове
изрази, които имат основа,
различна от числото e.
Ако искам да намеря
производната спрямо x
на 8 по 3 на степен x,
то на какво ще е равна тя?
Това просто ще бъде равно
на 8 умножено
Thai:
และผมจะเขียนมันแบบนี้
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a กำลัง x
เราเห็นอันนี้มาแล้ว
อันนี้ตรงนี้ก็แค่ a
มันก็ลดรูปได้
มันลดรูปเหลือ ล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
คูณ a กำลัง x
ซึ่งเป็นผลที่สวยงามทีเดียว
ถ้าคุณหาอนุพันธ์ของ e กำลัง x
มันก็แค่ e กำลัง x
ถ้าคุณหาอนุพันธ์ของ a กำลัง x
มันจะเท่ากับล็อกธรรมชาติของ a
คูณ a กำลัง x
แล้วเราก็ใช้ผลนี้
หาอนุพันธ์ของพจน์ประเภทนี้
ที่มีฐานอื่นนอกจาก e ได้
ถ้าผมอยากหาอนุพันธ์
เทียบกับ x
ของ 8 คูณ 3 ยกกำลัง x
มันจะเท่ากับอะไร?
มันจะเท่ากับ 8 คูณ
Korean:
이렇게 쓰겠습니다
(ln a)e^(lna)^x입니다
이것을 이미 보였으며
이부분이 a이기에
단순화할 수 있습니다
따라서 ln a에
a^x를 곱한 것과 같습니다
매우 간단합니다
따라서 여러분이 e^x의 미분을 구하면
그냥 e^x가 됩니다
만약 여러분이 a^x을 미분하면
단순히 (ln a)a^x가 됩니다
따라서 우리는 이 결과를
이러한 경우에 대한 표현을
e가 아닌 밑에 대해 적용할 수 있습니다
만약 제가
x에 관한 미분을
8*3^x에 대해 하고 싶다면
어떻게 될까요?
이것은 8을
Czech:
A zapíšu to takto:
přirozený logaritmus 'a' na 'x'.
Už jsme to viděli.
Toto zde vpravo je jen 'a'.
Vše se zjednoduší na přirozený
logaritmus 'a' krát (a na x),
což je pěkný výsledek.
Takže derivace
e na x je e na x.
Pokud derivujete (a na x),
bude to přirozený logaritmus
'a' krát (a na x).
Takže můžeme
použít výsledek,
abychom dostali derivaci
výrazů o jiném základu než 'e'.
Takže když chceme najít derivaci
podle x výrazu 8 krát (3 na x),
kolik to bude?
Jednoduše: 8 krát…
Korean:
오른쪽의 미분값에 곱한 형태가 될것이며
우리가 방금 본 결과에 의해
밑의 자연로그인
ln3에 곱하는 값이
3^x가 되어
(8ln 3)*3^x의
형태로 표현이 됨을
알 수 있습니다
Thai:
แล้วอนุพันธ์ของตัวนี้ตรงนี้
จะเท่ากับ จากสิ่งที่เราเพิ่งเห็นไป
จะเท่ากับล็อกธรรมชาติของฐานเรา
ล็อกธรรมชาติของ 3 คูณ 3 กำลัง x
คูณ 3 กำลัง x
มันจึงเท่ากับ 8 ล็อกธรรมชาติ
ของ 3 คูณ 3 กำลัง x
คูณ 3 ยกกำลัง x
Bulgarian:
по производната на този израз тук.
Като се основаваме на това,
което току-що намерихме,
това ще бъде натурален
логаритъм от основата,
т.е. натурален логаритъм
от 3, по 3 на степен x.
Умножено по 3 на степен x.
Следователно производната
е равна на 8
по натурален логаритъм
от 3, по 3 на степен x.
Умножено по 3 на степен x.
Czech:
A teď derivace tady toho bude…
Na základě toho,
co už jsem říkal,
to bude přirozený logaritmus
našeho základu,
přirozený logaritmus 3 krát (3 na x).
Takže je to rovno 8 krát přirozený
logaritmus 3 krát (3 na x).
English:
and then the derivative
of this right over here
is going to be, based on what we just saw,
it's going to be the
natural log of our base,
natural log of three times three to the x.
Times three to the x.
So it's equal to eight natural log
of three times three to the x.
Times three to the x power.
|
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|
- So hello, my name
is Lyric Lewis,
and tonight we are discussing
the other queen of Egypt.
Oh yes, the queen that
was scheming, thieving,
thriving and surviving
off of stealing her way
from the bottom to the what?
To the top.
The other queen of Egypt.
So our story begins in 51 B.C.
We're in Alexandria,
the capital of Egypt
and Cleopatra has
just turned eighteen.
She's like, "Cleopatra
is coming at ya".
She's fresh, she's
young, she's supple.
She's like, "I'm looking
fabulous and fly".
And she marries her
brother Ptolemy.
- I'm sorry, marries?
- [Lyric] Yes, it
wasn't weird for them.
They were like, "we gonna
be blood on blood on blood,
stacks on stacks on stacks,
chicken racks on
racks on racks".
(laughs)
So, now she's the queen,
but their little sister Arsinoe,
she's like super
butthurt about it.
She's like, "yo, I know
that I'm eleven, but really,
I can't be
mother(beep)ing queen?
Nobody asked me if
y'all could get married.
So boo to that, boo to that".
She's a sneaky, thieving
ass, thriving tween.
And she had a eunuch that
was just like her homeboy.
Ganymedes was in the
shadows at all times.
Like, you would only see
a sliver of his face,
come out the corner.
And he be like, "dogs,
that's what we do in Egypt".
- [Derek] Dogs.
- [Lyric] Dogs.
So now, at this point,
Julius Caesar is kicking ass,
taking (beep)ing names all
over the Mediterranean.
Like, Julius Caesar's
like, "what's poppin'?
"Ah (beep) it, they
can get over it".
Cleopatra's in to that.
Like, she's like,
"I'm feeling this".
And so she's like, "hey
Ptolemy, husband, brother,
we should, like,
link up with Rome.
Hardcore, parkour".
Like, Cleopatra's like,
"yo, we should (beep) with
Rome, hard as (beep)".
She's like, "Rome
is (beep)-able".
Ptolemy is like, "I'm
not feeling this.
We're not gonna
link up with Rome.
That's it, boom, roasted".
Cleopatra is like,
very upset, right?
But Arsinoe is here hustling
all throughout the castle.
She goes to her
brother, Ptolemy.
She's like, "Yo, I know
I'm eleven, but peep this,
I'm not (beep)ing with
Julius Caesar either.
I don't think Egypt
should link up.
Matter of fact, you
should check your wife,
Because she's trying, like,
she not even listening
to you dude".
She's like, "you the husband
and she not listening, right?"
So Ptolomy goes to Cleopatra,
and he's like, "yo,
Arsinoe came to me,
"told me she not
(beep)ing with it,
She put some wisdom in my head,
so maybe I shouldn't (beep)
with it so we not gonna do it".
"And, not only that, I'm gonna
banish you from Alexandria".
So Cleopatra's like
"Excuse me, like,
you gon' come for
my, like, what?"
So Cleopatra now is pissed that
Arsinoe came for her throne.
She is set on getting
revenge on her little sister.
So hmm.
- Cheers.
- So Cleopatra's banished.
So Arsinoe's like "I'm cute
now bitch, I'm queen of Egypt".
It just so happens
at the same time,
Julius Caesar happens to
make a trip to Alexandria.
And he was like
"what's poppin' Egypt?"
So Cleopatra said to
herself, she was like "self,
I can either arrange a
regular meeting with this man
or I can get him
the Egyptian way".
So she crept in his room
in the middle of the night
and gives him the Egyptian
business right there
in that hotel room.
- Now that's a pyramid scheme.
- She was like "oh, you gonna
be reading from the book
of the dead after this
'cause you gonna be what?
Dead and gone".
- (beep) like an Egyptian.
- He was like "well this is
some new shit", like he was like
"Girl, what is you
doin' to my body?"
She's like "just some
Egyptian shit, don't worry
'bout none of that,
that's what's happening
to your whole body right now".
Right, he like fell for her
after that one (beep)ing night
and so Cleopatra was
like "I know we just met,
and I give you the business
immediately, my bad.
However my brother, Ptolemy,
banished me because why?
Because I wanted
to (beep) with you
and I need help to
get my throne back".
And Caesar was like
"say no more girl,
you put that Egyptian ass
on me, it's a done deal.
Let's go invade some shit, yes?"
And she's like "yes bitch,
go get my throne back".
So Julius Caesar invades
Alexandria right,
like it's like a whole
bunch of Romans and shit
and Ptolemy is captured
as a political prisoner.
But then Arsinoe
narrowly escapes
the palace with her eunuch.
Ganymedes goes "yo,
they invades the castle,
let's do this bitch".
So they escape from
Alexandria right?
They go to the
rebel Egyptian army
and the leader of
that army is Achillas.
By the way, also Achillas to me,
just sounds succulent,
you know what I mean?
He sounds like a succulent
man, but I'll continue.
- Doesn't need water?
(laughter)
- Shit, sure.
But anyways Achillas,
he's like "damn,
that's a little ass girl".
And she's like "hey, I
might be 11 and a half
or 12 years old but
I'm (beep)ing fierce.
We need to re-invade
Alexandria, take back my throne
because yo, I'm the true
queen of Egypt, okay,
my sister's not the
(beep)ing queen.
She's just some
bitch on the throne".
Achillas is like "no bitch,
we don't know you like that
first of all, second of
all you're mad young".
He's like "you're
11.5 or 12 years old".
He goes "we not here
for this mother(beep)
like, good night".
So then this little
shit, Arsinoe I told you
was off the chain 'cause
she's like "oh no?
Oh no, you not gonna
(beep) with me?"
So then Arsinoe turns to
Ganymedes and goes "yo,
(beep)ing kill this
little (beep)".
And he did.
Then he killed him in some
great Egyptian fashion
and he assassinates
him in cold blood.
It's crazy.
Ganymedes goes "yo, she
told me to kill him,
I killed him, don't
worry about it".
And Ganymedes says to all of
us "don't worry about it".
Don't ask him 'bout it.
So he be gone.
And he's dead.
So then, I forget her name.
I remembered it
the past two hours.
- Arsinoe?
- I've never done this in the
story, I'm very embarrassed.
(laughter)
High five, that's right, pew.
Arsinoe takes the army and
goes back to Alexandria
and she's like "I'mma take
this (beep)ing shit over".
And Julius Caesar's like
"bitch, no you not bitch".
She's like "yes I am bitch".
So she forced him to flee,
she runs into the light tower,
the pharaoh's, where she's
the 7th wonder of the world.
And so Caesar's pissed at
this point because he's like
"I'm (beep)ing Julius Caesar".
Like he's like, "I
conquered the Mediterranean
and this girl is about
to like run me, what?
What is this, she's
11 and a half or 12!"
He's mad, like he's surrounded
by the army and the sea.
He has literally no way out.
So he's like "(beep) either
I'm gonna go out there
and get killed as (beep) or
I'm gonna jump out this window
and be drowned as (fuck) and
hopefully swim and live".
He sheds himself of his
armor and his purple cloak.
Purple cloak is
iconic in Greece.
People know that
it's Julius Caesar.
And he jumps and
splashes into the water.
Arsinoe comes up, takes his
cloak and like waves his cloak
as like a victory flag
going "yes bitch".
Caesar finds the boat
that is waiting for him
and is like "damn,
she's very buck,
she nucks if she
bucks all the time".
So then Ptolemy meets
with Caesar and he's like
"I'll make a deal with you,
my little sister's wiling out.
She's very ratchet.
I will give you her if
you give me my freedom".
Caesar's like "all right,
dude, I'll take it".
With a sneaky look
on his face, right?
So then Ptolemy goes to
Arsinoe and he's like
"hey girl, hey" and she's
like "Ptolemy like, yo".
And then Caesar is like "aaaah!"
Arsinoe is captured, right,
and Caesar's like "Sike,
Romans, kill him".
So he's like "oh, this
mother(beep)er right here.
What a bad friend".
Then he runs to the Nile
river and he drowns,
so he dies anyway.
- Anyway.
(laughter)
- So then Caesar has Arsinoe.
He's so (beep)ing happy
because she has embarrassed him
and that's how fragile
his male ego was.
Cleopatra's mad but
she's like "yo".
She's like "yo"
like she's like "yo,
take her little ass
to Rome, I'm done".
So Caesar tries to bring Arsinoe
through Rome and the colosseum.
His plan is to
(beep)ing strangle her.
And Rome is like "we're
not (beep)ing with you
(beep)ing with
this little girl".
And Caesar's like "I
wanna strangle the (beep)
out of her in the
middle of the street".
Everybody in the
colosseum was like
"you're wack, you're wack".
So then Caesar is like fine,
just get the (beep)
out of my face".
So Caesar being embarrassed,
he sends her to Artemis' temple.
So her life as a priestess.
So we fast forward to 41 B.C.
and Cleopatra's still mad.
She thinks that her sister
will get revenge on her
so Cleopatra sends assassins
and she's like "yo,
go kill my little
sister that is like 21".
And the assassins come
and they strangle
Arsinoe and she dies.
- Wow.
- Yeah.
This girl was 11 and
overthrew Julius Caesar.
At 11 she outsmarted
Julius Caesar.
I think that's fascinating.
Moral of the story, don't
sleep on your siblings.
- Does that mean don't
(beep) your brother?
- And that too, don't
(beep) your brother either.
That should be a given.
- It should be.
- Oh my god!
(laughter)
|
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(car driving by)
- [Narrator] You know
that thing when you're
driving down a country road,
singing along to John Denver,
'cause you're kinda obvious like that,
when all of a sudden...
(laughter)
a big bug explodes across your windshield.
(laughter)
- That was a big one.
- Oh, god.
- It happens.
You go for a drive,
you get bug splats on your car.
- What do we got there?
- It's usually an annoyance.
- It's so gross.
- But here,
we're collecting splats intentionally.
Partly because we're doing
an absurd and gross experiment in Ecology.
And partly because
windshields might be a window
into something mysterious and disturbing
in the insect world.
- This bug splat is like...
It goes all the way up here.
- It could be a grasshopper.
- We actually got into insect
splats because of an app.
It's called That Gunk on Your Car
and it's the brain child of this guy.
- Mark Hostetler,
Professor,
Department of Wildlife
Ecology and Conservation
at the University of Florida.
- Mark studies how urban
areas effect biodiversity.
He's also looking for ways
to get non scientists thinking about bugs.
A few years back,
at a gas station in Florida,
he found a new way to do that.
- This guy pulled up next to
me covered in insect splats,
a lot of love bugs.
You know,
and he just kind of exasperated looking.
Like, "What is this anyway?"
And he asked the right person.
- Somehow this compelled Mark to catalog
all the splats he could find
and match the splat to
the bug that produced it.
He collected his findings
and wrote a book with
very detailed instructions
for identifying splats.
This is a nice creamy one
with some blood in it.
Weird as it is,
the project took off.
Mark won the Ig Nobel Prize,
which is sort of a joke Nobel
for the strange and gross.
Or more formerly,
for research that "cannot or
should not be reproduced."
Maybe a dubious honor,
but it got him onto The Tonight Show.
- How many times do you look
at your windshield and say,
"I would love to know what that is
smashed against my windshield?"
Is there any body?
Up to this point there was
no one that could tell you.
This man can tell you!
Professor Mark Hostetler is here.
(exuberant intro music)
- And earlier this year,
Mark's son Jamm adapted
the book into an app.
- I'm a computer science student
at the University of Florida.
- Truly, the family went
all in on the splats.
- I think I'm the only splatologist
in the world right now.
- And we decided to to try
some amateur splatology ourselves.
(airplane whirring)
- Step one was to meet up in rural Texas.
Lots of bugs in rural Texas.
Step two,
turn our rental car into
a bug collection mobile.
The catch was that not all bugs
just smoosh on the front of the car.
Some ricochet up and over the roof.
So Mark suggested we build
a little contraption he
calls a carcass catcher.
Take a heavy metal wire
and loop it in through the
car door here and here.
- And then there's a bottom wire
and then you put an aluminum screen there
and that screen kinda wraps around
the top and the bottom.
It forms like a little trap with a net.
- Then we can just
run some twine down to
the windshield wipers.
(twinkling music)
And we drive it around for a little while
and we see if it stays on.
- And finally,
step three: drive.
(upbeat music)
(car going by)
- This whole set up,
not the most rigorous science.
All of the locals have a lot of opinions
about where we can find the most bugs.
(twinkling music)
- But, it did give us a random sampling
of all the flying insects in the area.
We took back country roads
between Austin and Houston
and along the way we smooshed bugs.
- Less watery.
- We checked the carcass catcher.
- Its like a beetle or something.
- And we consulted the app.
- Cream, elongated...
- Midsized.
- Love bugs.
- Love bugs.
- The weirdest data point might
be the shape of the splats.
Mark says that basically
comes down to physics.
- So if you had a hard shell,
like think of a beetle,
it would hit and roll right off,
but the softer abdomens like Lepidoptera,
like butterflies and moths,
they would hit, stick,
and the wings and the
acceleration of the air
going up the windshield would
actually throw them up there,
the windshield.
It all kinda gives you a different splat.
- The carcass catcher got
us some good samples, too.
Some kind of fly,
a honey bee,
and love bugs.
Lots and lots of love bugs.
It was love bug season in the south.
- These ones are cute.
- Oh god there's one
flying by me right now.
- Yeah these one's are connected.
But all in,
we didn't get nearly as
many splats as we thought.
It was weird.
And we started to wonder
if it was because of this
other thing we'd read about.
A mystery in insect circles
that's actually called
"The windshield phenomenon."
- What you're referring to is
this idea that people thought,
"Wow, I used to get
a lot more insect splats on my windshield.
About 10 years ago or 20 years ago,
30 years ago.
I'm not getting as much nowadays."
- It's easy to ignore
the millions and millions
of insects all around you.
Often, you only notice the annoying ones.
The bugs that sting you,
eat your food,
or splat on your car.
But anecdotally,
there's a feeling that bug splats
just aren't as much of a thing these days.
Mark's noticed this himself.
- [Mark] Thinking about traveling
across country 20 years ago,
I just notice,
using those bug removers
at the gas station
a lot more than I do nowadays.
No one's quite sure,
but there's just enough
smattering of evidence out there
that'd make people think,
"You know,
we should be really looking at this."
- The phenomenon gets creepier
when you consider all the studies
that point to real trouble for insects.
Around the world,
insects face threats like habitat loss,
climate change,
pesticides,
and invasive species.
A couple recent studies
put numbers to the problem.
One paper looking at nature
preserves in Germany,
found a 75 percent decline
in all flying insects since the 90's.
And earlier this year,
a big meda study of insect research warned
that 40 percent of all insect species
could go extinct within a few decades.
Some news outlets called
it an insect apocalypse.
And we wondered if we might
of seen evidence of that.
(chiming music)
Back in the office,
we cataloged our samples,
and we asked Mark about the
existential threat to insects.
He's concerned,
but he also thinks it's really hard
to paint a broad picture
about the health of
all insects everywhere.
It's been hard enough to figure out why
honeybees alone have been struggling.
- [Mark] It took years and
years and years and years
of research to really say,
"Ah, it's probably pesticide,
it's probably some habitat going on.
There's...
You know."
That was focus concentration.
We're talking about hundreds,
thousands,
millions of different species
of insects across the world.
- For that reason,
there's been pushback to the
insect apocalypse narrative.
Critics argue that we
don't know nearly enough
to say one thing or
another about all insects.
There are roughly
one million identified
insect species in the world,
but scientists don't have a clue
how many species are really out there.
It could be a couple million.
It could be 30 million.
And really,
the windshield phenomenon just
isn't studied enough either.
Our bug splats and collections
make for interesting anecdotes,
but without a measured baseline,
it's not evidence of anything.
It's not science.
But Mark says it could be,
if someone really got serious
about driving around
with a carcass catcher.
They could put the windshield
phenomenon to the test.
- You could,
on a general level,
say hey,
if you get me this many splats
and do the same route
year after year after year
you could get at least a
monitoring protocol going
that could give you some
good scientific results.
- Mark says that would
come down to funding,
and he's not holding his breath.
For now,
he's content to hold court
as the world's foremost splatologist.
- [Narrator] You wanna
talk about unusual splats?
- [Friend] Sure.
How weird does it get?
- [Narrator] So,
you get a number of different splats,
but you can (speaking fades off)
(car wash sounds)
- This is all of our hard work.
Still waiting for this sucker.
(car wash whooshing)
- Like and subscribe.
|
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English:
Hi, guys.
Here is Seoul, South Korea.
I'm Junghee from Hello K Cookingclass.
Today, I prepared a zucchini.
Really big right?
It's really fresh zucchini!
With this one,
Today we're making zucchini pancakes
with curry powder.
Super tasty and different flavor.
I'm pretty sure, you've never tried these flavor of zucchini pancake before.
So follow me.
Easy ingredient.
We just need zucchini and red chili.
Even these red chilies we can skip it.
I'm adding this one on the top of the pancake for the decoration.
so we only need Zucchini.
Soybean oil as our cooking oil.
You can use any different types of vegetable oil.
But no coconut and no olive oil.
Why? It has strong flavor.
Plastic bag.
Hey, Junghee!
Korean:
안녕, 여러분.
여기는 대한민국 서울이고,
저는 헬로케이 요리교실의 정희 입니다.
오늘은 애호박을 준비했어요.
진짜 크지요?
정말 싱싱한 애호박이에요!
이걸로.
오늘은 카레가루를 입힌 애호박 전을 만들거에요.
정말 맛있고, 색다른 맛이에요.
난생 처음 맛보는 애호박 전일거에요.
그러니 절 따라오세용.
쉬운 재료.
애호박이랑 홍고추만 있으면 돼요.
심지어 이 홍고추도 필수재료가 아니에요.
데코용이거든요.
애호박만 있으면 돼요.
식용유 준비하시구요.
식물성 기름이면 아무거나 오케이에요.
코코넛기름이나 올리브유는 노노노
왜냐면 맛이랑 향이 너무 세요.
비닐봉지.
야, 정희야!
Spanish:
Hola, chicos.
Esto es Seúl, Corea del Sur.
de la clase de cocina de Hellrocope.
Hoy preparé un gran favor.
¿Es realmente grande?
¡Es una calabaza fresca y fresca!
Aquí.
Hoy es el día de hacer una torta de pandillas.
curry en polvo
Es realmente delicioso y diferente.
Debe ser la primera vez que prueben estas tortitas.
Así que ven conmigo.
Materiales fáciles.
Todo lo que necesito es una calabaza y un chile rojo.
Hasta estos pimientos rojos podemos saltar.
Esto es un panque encima y un adorno.
Todo lo que necesito es un diente postizo.
La salsa de soja es nuestro aceite de cocina.
Usted puede utilizar cualquier tipo de aceite vegetal.
Pero no hay coco, no hay aceite de oliva.
El sabor es fuerte.
bolsa de plástico
¡Hyun-hee!
Japanese:
こんにちは、皆さん。
ここは韓国のソウルです。
私はハローKクッキングクラスの ジョンヒです。
今日はズッキーニを用意しました。
本当に大きいですよね？
本当に新鮮なズッキーニです。
これなら
今日はズッキーニパンケーキを作ります
カレーパウダーで
とても美味しくて、違う味。
たしかに、こんな味のズッキーニパンケーキは食べたことないですね。
ついてきてください。
簡単な材料です。
ズッキーニと唐辛子だけでいいです。
この赤いチリでも飛ばせます。
デコレーションのために、パンケーキの上に これを付けています。
ズッキーニだけ。
食用油は大豆油。
植物油は、どんな種類でも使えます。
ココナッツもオリーブオイルもありません。
なんでですか？ 味が強い。
ビニール袋。
おい、ジョンヒ！
Vietnamese:
Xin chào các bạn.
Đây là Seoul, Hàn Quốc.
Mình là Jung Hee của lớp Hello K Cooking Class.
Hôm nay mình đã chuẩn bị bí dài.
To lắm đúng không?
Đúng là bí dài tươi sáng!
Với cái này,
Hôm nay chúng ta sẽ làm bánh kếp bí dài
với bột cà ri.
Vị cực kỳ ngon và vị khác nhau.
Tôi khá chắc chắn, anh chưa bao giờ thử món bánh xèo bí dài này.
Vậy hãy theo tôi.
Nguyên liệu dễ.
Chúng ta chỉ cần bí dài và ớt đỏ.
Ngay cả ớt đỏ này chúng ta cũng có thể bỏ qua.
Mình sẽ cho cái này lên trên bánh để trang trí.
Nên chúng ta chỉ cần Zucchini.
Dầu đậu nành như dầu ăn của chúng ta.
Bạn có thể sử dụng bất kỳ loại dầu thực vật nào khác nhau.
Nhưng không có dừa và không có dầu ô liu.
Sao vậy?
Túi nhựa.
Này, Junghee!
Italian:
Ehi, ragazzi.
Qui è Seoul, Corea.
Questa è la festa della scuola di cucina Hellocay.
Oggi ho preparato delle zucchine.
È davvero grande?
E' davvero una bella bimba!
con questo
Oggi è il giorno di fare le frittelle di zucchine.
polvere di curry
E' davvero delizioso e ha un sapore diverso.
Sicuramente la prima volta che assaggi una torta di zucchine come questa.
Quindi seguimi
ingredienti facili
Ho solo bisogno di zucchine e peperoni.
Anche questi peperoni rossi possiamo evitarlo.
Questo è su una frittella e lo metti per la decorazione.
Ho solo bisogno di un dente
L'olio di soia è il nostro olio da cucina.
È possibile utilizzare qualsiasi altro tipo di olio vegetale.
Ma niente cocco, niente olio.
Perché? Ha un sapore terribile.
sacchetti di plastica
Ehi, Chungry!
Indonesian:
Hi semuanya.
Ini adalah Seoul, Korea Selatan.
Ini adalah Chung Hee-hee di ruang kelas hidangan Helice.
Aku menyiapkan akomodasi untuk hari ini.
Apa ini besar?
Ini adalah pondok peristirahatan yang segar!
Ini.
Hari ini adalah hari untuk membuat pancake labu.
bubuk kari
Rasanya sangat enak dan berbeda.
Tentu saja, ini mungkin pertama kalinya Anda melihat rasa seperti itu.
Jadi ikut aku.
bahan yang mudah.
Yang kami butuhkan adalah kelucuan dan gochujang
Bahkan cabai merah ini pun bisa kita lewati.
Ini di atas panci dan memasukkannya ke dalam hiasan.
Hanya dengan mengetahui.
Minyak kedelai adalah makanan kita.
Anda dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis minyak nabati.
Tapi tidak ada donat dan tidak ada minyak zaitun.
Apa? Enak.
kantong plastik
Hey, itu pemanasan!
French:
Salut, guys.
Voici Séoul, en Corée du Sud.
Je suis Junghee de Hello K Cookingclass.
Aujourd'hui, j'ai préparé un zucchini.
Vraiment grand droit?
C'est vraiment frais zucchini!
Avec celui-ci,
Aujourd'hui, nous fabriquons des crêpes de courgettes
avec de la poudre de cari.
Super saveur savoureuse et différente.
Je suis presque sûr, vous n'avez jamais essayé cette saveur de crêpe de zucchini auparavant.
Alors, suivez-moi.
Ingrédient facile.
Nous avons juste besoin de courgettes et de chili rouge.
Même ces chili rouges que nous pouvons sauter.
J'ajoute celui-là sur le dessus de la crêpe pour la décoration.
Donc nous n'avons besoin que de Zucchini.
L'huile de soja est notre huile de cuisson.
Vous pouvez utiliser n'importe quel type d'huile végétale.
Pourquoi?
Sac en plastique.
Hey, Junghee!
Thai:
สวัสดีเด็ก ๆ
ที่นี่คือโซล เกาหลี
ฉันจองฮี อยู่ที่ห้องเรียนทําอาหารเฮลโลเคค่ะ
วันนี้เตรียมฟักทองอ่อนค่ะ
ใหญ่มากใช่มั้ย?
ฟักทองอ่อนของจริง!
อันนี้.
วันนี้เป็นวันทําแพนเค้กไส้ฟักทอง
ด้วยผงกะหรี่
มันอร่อยมาก รสชาติต่างกัน
รสชาติแพนเค้กไส้ฟักทองนี่จะต้องอร่อยแน่
อยู่กับฉัน.
ส่วนผสมง่ายๆ
แค่กินพริกกับซอสก็พอ
แม้กระทั่งพริกแดงเหล่านี้ เราก็ข้ามมันไปได้
อันนี้เอาไว้ใส่บนแพนเค้ก
เเตํมึอนทิ่ทํา
น้ํามันถั่วเหลืองคือน้ํามันพืชของเรา
คุณสามารถใช้น้ํามันพืชชนิดต่าง ๆ ได้
ไม่มีมะพร้าว ไม่มีน้ํามัน
ทําไมล่ะ? รสชาติมันเข้มนะ
ถุงพลาสติก
นี่ จองฮี!
Chinese:
嗨,夥計們
這是韓國首爾。
我是Hello Kooking班的貞姬。
今天,我準備了一杯古奇尼。
真的很大嗎?
真是新鮮的古奇尼!
有了這個
今天我們做的是意大利煎餅
用咖喱粉
超好吃,不同口味。
我敢肯定,你以前從沒嘗過這種味道的楚奇尼的煎餅。
跟我來
容易配料
我們只需要朱古力,紅辣椒
即使是這些紅辣椒,我們也能跳過。
我在煎餅的上面加這個作爲裝飾品。
所以我們只需要祖奇尼。
豆油是我們的食用油。
你可以使用任何種類的植物油。
但是沒有椰子,沒有橄欖油。
爲什麼?味道很濃。
塑料袋
嘿,貞姬!
German:
Hey, Leute.
Das ist Seoul, Korea.
Ich bin Junghee im Kochzimmer von Halloween.
Ich habe heute ein Lächeln vorbereitet.
Es ist wirklich groß, nicht wahr?
Das ist ein frischer Liebhaber!
Das hier.
Heute ist der Tag, an dem wir Pfannkuchen machen.
Karev Garrow.
Es ist wirklich lecker und anders.
Ich bin mir sicher, dass es das erste Mal ist, dass es so schmeckt wie Pfannkuchen.
Also, folge mir.
Einfache Zutaten.
Ich brauche nur ein Baby und ein Pfeffer.
Selbst diese roten Pfeffer können wir überspringen.
Das ist eine Dekoration auf einem Pfannkuchen.
Du brauchst nur einen Zauberspruch.
Sojabohnenöl ist unser echtes Öl.
Sie können eine andere Art von pflanzlichem Öl verwenden.
Aber es gibt keine Kokosnüsse und kein Olivenöl.
Warum? Der Geschmack ist dick.
Plastiktüten.
Junghee!
Russian:
Привет, ребята.
Это Сеул, Республика Корея.
Это Чон Хи в Охотском кафедральном зале для готовки.
Сегодня я приготовил аптеку.
Реальный большой?
Это очень свежий ажиотаж!
Вот так.
Сегодня день выпуска Ahobak pances.
Карелии.
Очень вкусно и в другом стиле.
Очевидно, что это будет первый раз такого вкуса блиновки.
Так следуй же за мной и днями.
Легкий материал.
и лишь анчоусы и кочушки.
Даже эти красные крючки можно пропустить.
Это то, что кладут на блины и используют для украшения.
Мне достаточно только на этой неделе.
Бобовый жир - это наше съедобное молоко.
Вы можете использовать какой-то другой вид растительного масла.
Но нет кокосов и оливкового масла.
Почему? Он вкусный.
Виниловый пакет.
О, Чонг Хи!
Chinese:
嗨,伙计们
这是韩国首尔。
我是Hello Kooking班的贞姬。
今天,我准备了一杯古奇尼。
真的很大吗?
真是新鲜的古奇尼!
有了这个
今天我们做的是意大利煎饼
用咖喱粉
超好吃,不同口味。
我敢肯定,你以前从没尝过这种味道的楚奇尼的煎饼。
跟我来
容易配料
我们只需要朱古力,红辣椒
即使是这些红辣椒,我们也能跳过。
我在煎饼的上面加这个作为装饰品。
所以我们只需要祖奇尼。
豆油是我们的食用油。
你可以使用任何种类的植物油。
但是没有椰子,没有橄榄油。
为什么?味道很浓。
塑料袋
嘿,贞姬!
Chinese:
這是烹飪課,對嗎?
是的。但是你需要一個塑料袋。
咖喱粉
麪粉(萬能麪粉)。
冷水
我們都準備好了
我們先切點古奇尼。
剪成這個尺寸和厚度。
做個圓圈
蝨子
不需要超薄。
我有這麼多胡椒粉
請放在塑料袋裏。
或者你可以直接使用帶蓋的容器。
別管它了。
奇利
你可以剪成很細的。
差不多了
我們這裏有塑膠袋的古奇尼。
在塑料袋裏,加入咖喱粉吧。
German:
Das ist ein Kochkurs, oder?
Ja, aber du brauchst eine Plastiktasche.
Karev-Pulver.
Mehl, (allmächtiges Mehl).
kaltes Wasser
Wir sind alle bereit.
Schneiden wir zuerst die Ackerbohnen.
Schneiden Sie diese Größe und diese Dicke.
Kreis zeichnen
Schneiden.
Es muss nicht zu dünn sein.
Die Apfel haben so viel.
Bitte geben Sie es in die Plastiktasche.
Oder Sie können nur einen Behälter mit Deckel verwenden.
Überlassen Sie es mir.
Chili.
Es ist einfach sehr dünn geschnitten.
Es ist fast fertig.
Wir haben Pappkartoffeln und Plastikbeutel.
Lass uns Karrepulver in die Plastiktasche stecken.
Indonesian:
Apakah ini kelas memasak?
Ya, tapi kau butuh kantong plastik.
bubuk kari
tepung terigu
air dingin
Kita semua sudah siap.
Mari kita potong dulu.
Potonglah dengan ukuran ini dan ketebalan ini.
menggambar lingkaran
Iya.
Tidak perlu terlalu tipis.
Ampunktur memiliki begitu.
Tolong masukkan ke dalam kantong plastik.
Atau Anda hanya bisa menggunakan naga dengan tutup.
Titipkan saja.
Curi.
Memotong saja menjadi sangat tipis.
Aku akan simpan di sana.
Kami memiliki sarang lebah dan kantong plastik.
Mari tambahkan bubuk kari di kantong plastik.
Korean:
이거 요리 수업 맞지?
네. 하지만 비닐봉지가 필요해요.
카레 가루
밀가루, (다목적용 밀가루).
차가운 물
다 준비 됐구요.
애호박 먼저 썰까요?
이 사이즈와 이 두께로 잘라주세요.
동그랗게
썰어용.
너무 얇을 필요는 없어요.
애호박이 요만큼 있어요.
몽땅 비닐봉지에 넣을게요.
뚜껑있는 통에 넣어도 상관없어요.
잠깐 두시고,
홍고추
얇게 잘라볼까요?
거의 다 됐어요.
애호박이 담긴 비닐봉지 있지요?
비닐봉지에 카레가루를 넣어요.
French:
C'est la classe de cuisine qui convient?
Oui, mais vous avez besoin d'un sac en plastique.
Poudre de cari.
Farine, (farine tout usage).
Eau froide.
Nous sommes tous prêts.
Coupons d'abord les courgettes.
Couper en fonction de cette taille et de cette épaisseur.
Faites un cercle.
Tranche.
Il n'est pas nécessaire qu'il soit très mince.
J'ai cette quantité de courgettes.
Veuillez le mettre dans un sac en plastique.
Vous pouvez aussi utiliser les contenants avec couvercle.
L’objectif est de faire en sorte qu’il n’y ait pas de discrimination.
Chili
Vous pouvez tout simplement couper comme une mince.
Presque terminé.
Dans le sac de plastique, ajouter de la poudre de curry.
Vietnamese:
Đây là lớp học nấu ăn đúng không?
Vâng. Nhưng bạn cần một túi nhựa.
Bột cà ri.
Bột mì, (bột đa dụng).
Nước lạnh.
Chúng tôi đã sẵn sàng.
Hãy cắt bí dài trước.
Cắt theo cỡ này và độ dày này.
Vẽ một vòng tròn.
Cắt ra.
Không cần phải quá mỏng đâu.
Tôi có một lượng bí dài thế này.
Cho vào túi nhựa đi ạ
Hoặc là chỉ cần dùng cái hộp có nắp là được.
Bỏ nó lại.
Tương ớt.
Chỉ cần cắt mỏng là được.
Sắp xong rồi.
Tụi mình có bí dài với túi nhựa.
Cho bột cà ri vào trong túi nhựa.
Russian:
Это подходит для занятий готовкой?
Да. Но тебе нужен полиэтиленовый пакет.
Гару, (1992)
) и метрополия (учитывая муки).
Холодная вода
Мы все готовы.
Сначала увидимся.
Порежьте этот размер и эту толщину.
Окружность
Изд.
Он не должен быть слишком тонким.
В аналоге такая доля.
Положите это в полиэтиленовый пакет.
Или можно использовать только смелость с крышкой.
Оставьте.
пер.
Просто он очень тонкий.
Почти сделано.
У нас есть тиски и полиэтиленовые пакеты.
Давайте положить пыль в полиэтиленовый пакет.
Spanish:
Es una clase de cocina, ¿no?
Sí, pero necesito una bolsa de plástico.
curry
harina, harina.
el agua fría
Estamos listos.
Vamos a cortar primero la calabaza.
Córtale este tamaño y este espesor.
trazar un círculo
trineo
No es necesario ser demasiado delgado.
La calabaza tiene esto.
Póngalo en una bolsa de plástico, por favor.
O solo se puede usar un recipiente con tapa.
Dejadlo.
¡Chili!
Puedes cortarla en rebanadas.
Ya casi llegamos.
Tenemos carpas y bolsas de plástico.
Vamos a poner crema de curry en una bolsa de plástico.
English:
This is cooking class right?
Yes. but you need one plastic bag.
Curry powder.
Flour, (all-purpose flour).
Cold water.
We are all ready.
Let's cut zucchini first.
Cut as this size and this thickness.
Make a circle.
Slice.
It doesn't need to be super thin.
I have this amount of zucchini.
Please put it in a plastic bag.
Or you can just use the containers with lid.
leave it.
Chili.
You can just cut as a really thin.
Nearly done.
We have zucchini with plastic bag.
Into the plastic bag, let's add curry powder.
Italian:
Questo è un corso di cucina, giusto?
Ma hai bisogno di un sacchetto di plastica.
polvere di curry
farina
acqua fredda
Siamo tutti pronti.
Tagliamo prima le zucchine.
Tagliate questo formato e questo spessore.
fare un cerchio
tagliare
Non deve essere troppo sottile.
Le zucchine hanno questo livello.
Mettilo in un sacchetto di plastica.
Oppure puoi usare solo un contenitore con coperchio.
Lascia perdere.
peperoncino
Puoi tagliarlo molto sottile.
È quasi finito.
Abbiamo un sacco di zucchine e sacchetti di plastica.
Mettiamo il curry in un sacchetto di plastica.
Japanese:
ここは料理教室ですよね？
はい。でもビニール袋は1つ必要です。
カレーパウダー。
小麦粉(万能粉。
冷たい水。
準備は万端です。
まずはズッキーニをカットしましょう。
この大きさと厚さに合わせて切ります。
円を描いて。
スライス。
あまり細くなくても大丈夫です。
ズッキーニはこれくらいあります。
ビニール袋に入れてください。
あるいは蓋付きの容器だけを使ってもいいですよ。
残して。
チリ。
本当に薄く切ればいいんです。
ほぼ完成しました。
ビニール袋入りのズッキーニがございます。
ビニール袋にカレーパウダーを入れましょう。
Chinese:
这是烹饪课,对吗?
是的。但是你需要一个塑料袋。
咖喱粉
面粉(万能面粉)。
冷水
我们都准备好了
我们先切点古奇尼。
剪成这个尺寸和厚度。
做个圆圈
虱子
不需要超薄。
我有這麼多胡椒粉
请放在塑料袋里。
或者你可以直接使用带盖的容器。
别管它了。
奇利
你可以剪成很细的。
差不多了
我们这里有塑胶袋的古奇尼。
在塑料袋里,加入咖喱粉吧。
Thai:
นี่เป็นคลาสการทําอาหารใช่มั้ย?
ใช่ แต่เธอต้องการถุงพลาสติก
ผงกะหรี่
แป้งสาลี (แป้งสาลีแบบเหนียวๆ)
น้ําเย็น
พวกเราเตรียมพร้อมหมดแล้ว
หั่นฟักทองอ่อนก่อนดีกว่า
ตัดเป็นขนาดเท่านี้และความหนานี้
วาดวงกลม
หั่น
สิ่งนั้นไม่จําเป็นต้องบางมาก
มีฟักทองอ่อนขนาดนี้
กรุณาใส่ไว้ในถุงพลาสติกค่ะ
หรือใช้เฉพาะภาชนะที่มีฝาเท่านั้น
ฝากไว้เถอะค่ะ
ชิลลี่
ตัดบาง ๆ ก็พอ
เกือบเสร็จแล้ว
เรามีฟักทองอ่อนและถุงพลาสติก
ใส่ผงกะหรี่ลงไปในถุงพลาสติกกันเถอะ
English:
One big tablespoon.
One more.
Let's add 2 big table spoons of curry powder.
Hold tightly and shake it!
Look at it.
It's perfectly covered with curry powder, right?
Just leave it.
We need to make a batter.
So to the empty bowl with a big tablespoon,
Let's add,
One two three four.
And water. Also 4.
One two three four.
Mix. Mix!
Look at it.
It's a bit watery right?
This is a perfect texture.
mmm so my curry pie....?!
Spanish:
Una gran cuchara.
Una más.
Ponemos dos cucharadas de polvo de curry.
¡Agárrense y agárrense!
Mira esto.
¿Se entierra perfectamente el polvo de curry, verdad?
Déjalo.
Tenemos que hacer un bateador.
Así que con una cuchara grande, caminé hacia el plato vacío
Por cierto,
Uno, dos, tres, cuatro.
Y el agua. Y cuatro.
Uno, dos, tres, cuatro.
¡ Mix, Mickers!
Mira esto.
¿Un poco de agua?
Este es un apetito perfecto.
Bueno, ¿por eso mi curry Page?
German:
Ein großes Löffel.
Noch eine Sache.
Lass uns zwei große Esslöffel Curry-Pulver geben.
Festhalten und schütteln!
Sieh dir das an.
Karev ist perfekt begraben.
Lass ihn in Ruhe.
Wir müssen eine Tastatur machen.
Also, mit einem großen Löffel auf eine leere Schüssel.
Und noch etwas.
Eins, zwei, drei, vier.
Und Wasser. Und 4.
Eins, zwei, drei, vier.
Mix, Mix!
Sieh dir das an.
Ist es ein bisschen dünn?
Das ist ein perfekter Appetit.
Also, mein Curry-Kuchen...?
Italian:
un cucchiaio
un altro.
Mettiamo due cucchiai di curry.
Tenere stretto e scuotere!
Guarda questo.
La polvere di curry era perfettamente sepolta, vero?
Lascialo andare.
Dobbiamo costruire un battitore.
quindi verso una ciotola vuota con un cucchiaio grande.
con l'aggiunta
Uno, due, tre, quattro.
E l'acqua. 4.
Uno, due, tre, quattro.
Mix, mix!
Guarda questo.
È un po' lento?
Questa è una sensazione perfetta.
Beh, allora la mia torta di curry...?!
French:
Tenez-le fermement et secouez-le!
Regardez-le.
Nous devons faire une batte.
Alors au bol vide avec une grosse cuillère à soupe,
Ajoutons :
Un deux trois quatre.
Et l'eau. Aussi, 4.
Un deux trois quatre.
Mélanger. Mélanger!
Regardez-le.
C'est un peu aqueux?
C'est une texture parfaite.
mmm so my curry tarte....?!
Korean:
큰 스푼 하나.
하나 더.
총 두 큰 숟가락의 카레가루를 넣었어요.
꽉 잡고 흔들어요!
이것 좀 봐용.
카레가루가 완벽하게 묻었지요?
잠깐 둘게요.
이제 반죽을 만들게요.
빈 스뎅그릇에 큰 숟가락으로
밀가루를 넣어요.
하나, 둘, 셋, 넷.
그리고 물도
하나, 둘, 셋, 넷.
섞어요 섞어.
이것 좀 보세요.
약간 묽지요?
이건 완벽한 농도에요.
음, 그래서 내 카레 @#)@ㅃㄲ*(뭐래니?)
Chinese:
一大汤匙
再来一个
我们来加两勺咖喱粉。
抓紧,摇一摇!
你看看
里面全是咖喱粉,对吧?
别管它了
我们需要做一个击球手。
所以,对于那只空碗,一只大汤匙,
我们再加一句
一二三四
还有水 还有4个
一二三四
混合,混合!
你看看
有点水吧?
这是完美的质感。
嗯,所以我的咖喱派....?!
Japanese:
大さじ1杯。
もう1つ
大さじ2杯のカレーパウダーを追加しましょう。
しっかり握って振って！
見てください。
カレー粉をまぶしてありますよね？
そのままにしておいてください。
生地を作らないと。
なので空っぽのボウルに、大さじをたっぷり入れて
付け加えましょう。
1、2、3、4。
そして水。 また、4.
1、2、3、4。
ミックス、ミックス！
見てください。
少し水っぽいですよね？
これは完璧な食感です。
うーん、私のカレーパイ…?!
Chinese:
一大湯匙
再來一個
我們來加兩勺咖喱粉。
抓緊,搖一搖!
你看看
裏面全是咖喱粉,對吧?
別管它了
我們需要做一個擊球手。
所以,對於那隻空碗,一隻大湯匙,
我們再加一句
一二三四
還有水 還有4個
一二三四
混合,混合!
你看看
有點水吧?
這是完美的質感。
嗯,所以我的咖喱派....?!
Russian:
Один большой ложка.
Еще одна.
Давайте положить две чашки для большого стола.
Захватите и потрясите!
Посмотри на это.
Карелка идеально снесена?
Просто оставь.
Мы должны сделать так, чтобы мы делали плитки.
Вот так, с большой ложкой к пустой чаше.
И я добавлю.
Один, два, три, четыре.
И вода. Также 4.
Один, два, три, четыре.
Микс!
Посмотри на это.
Немного жарко?
Это идеальное чувство вкуса.
Ну, итак... мой Карри Пэй...?
Thai:
หนึ่งช้อนใหญ่
อีกอันนึง
ใส่ผงกะหรี่อันใหญ่ลงไป 2 ช้อน
จับแน่นๆแล้วเขย่า!
ดูนี่ซิ
เมื่อกี้มันมีผงกะหรี่ติดอยู่
ปล่อยไปเถอะครับ
เราจําเป็นต้องสร้างพิมพ์ดีด
หันเหใส่จานเล็ก ๆ
เพิ่มเติม
หนึ่ง สอง สาม สี่
และน้ํา. 4.
หนึ่ง สอง สาม สี่
มิกซ์ มิกซ์!
ดูนี่ซิ
มันเหลวใช่มั้ย?
นี่เป็นเนื้อสัมผัสที่สมบูรณ์แบบ
งั้น แกงกะหรี่ของผม...
Indonesian:
satu sendok makan besar
Satu lagi.
Mari tambahkan dua sendok makan tepung kari.
Bergoyang sekali!
Coba lihat ini.
Apakah tepung kari benar-benar busuk?
Lepaskan saja.
Kita harus mengetik
Jadi jika Anda menggunakan sendok besar untuk mencoba menunjukkan mangkuk kosong.
Sebagai tambahan,
1, 2, 3, 4.
Air. Empat.
1, 2, 3, 4.
Wast, mix!
Coba lihat ini.
Apakah itu cair?
Ini rasa yang sempurna.
Um, jadi aku akan makan kari!
Vietnamese:
Một muỗng to.
Thêm một cái nữa.
Cho 2 muỗng lớn bột cà ri vào đi
Giữ chặt và lắc nó!
Nhìn nó đi.
Nó được phủ đầy bột cà ri đúng không?
Cứ để đó đi.
Chúng ta cần làm bột mì.
Vì vậy, vào cái bát rỗng với một thìa lớn,
Thêm vào đó,
Một hai ba bốn.
Và nước. Còn 4 cái nữa.
Một hai ba bốn.
Trộn lên. Trộn lên!
Nhìn nó đi.
Nó có hơi nhạt đúng không?
Cảm giác rất hoàn hảo.
Mmm, vậy bánh cà ri của tôi...?!
Vietnamese:
Bột cà ri Hàn Quốc có chút mặn.
Có loại bột cà ri nào vậy?
Nếu bột cà ri của bạn không có vị mặn,
Hãy cho một chút muối vào bột chiên.
Đến giờ nấu ăn rồi.
Mở lên nào.
Lửa vừa.
Cho chút dầu vào đi.
Cà ri bột bí dài, cho vào bột chiên.
Đặt chảo lên.
Và trên hết,
Cho ớt lên trên để tạo cảm giác đẹp.
Ôi trời ơi. Đẹp thật đấy.
German:
Der koreanische Karre-Garu hat ein bisschen Salz.
Was gibt es für Karev?
Ohne Salzwasser in Karregane.
Legen Sie ein bisschen Salz in die Tasse.
Es ist Zeit zu kochen.
Lass uns es anmachen.
In einem schweren Feuer.
Lass uns etwas Öl geben.
In Curry-Powder-Pulver-Pulver und Teig.
Heben Sie den Ventilator hoch.
Und auf der Spitze.
Lass uns Chili auf die Spitze legen, um die Schönheit zu erhalten.
Oh mein Gott. Es ist so schön.
Thai:
ผงกะหรี่ของเกาหลีมีเกลือนิดหน่อย
ผงกะหรี่มีอะไรบ้างคะ
ถ้าไม่มีเกลือในผงกะหรี่
ใส่เกลือลงในส่วนผสมหน่อยค่ะ
ถึงเวลาทําอาหารแล้ว
เปิดกันเถอะ
กลางไฟ
ใส่น้ํามันลงไปกันเถอะ
ใส่ผงฟู ฟักทองอ่อน แป้งในแป้ง
เอาแฟนคลับขึ้นสิ
ส่วนยอดบนสุด
เพื่อแม่ เราจะวางชิลลี่ไว้ด้านบน
โอ้มายก้อด สวยมากเลย
English:
Korean curry powders has a little bit of saltiness.
What kind of curry powder do you have?
If your curry powder doesn't have any saltiness,
Please add just a little of salt into a batter.
It's time to cook.
Let's turn it on.
On medium fire.
Let's add some oil.
Curry powder zucchini, put into the batter.
Put on a pan.
And on the top,
Let's add chili on the top for the beauty.
Oh my god. It looks so pretty.
Japanese:
韓国のカレー粉は少し塩味があります。
どんなカレーパウダーがありますか？
カレーパウダーに塩気がないなら
衣に塩を少しだけ入れてください。
料理の時間です。
つけよう。
中火です。
オイルを入れましょう。
カレーパウダーズッキーニ、生地に入れてください。
なべをのせる。
そして一番上に
キレイに唐辛子をつけよう。
何てことだ すごくきれいだね。
Spanish:
El polvo de curry coreano tiene un poco de sal.
¿Qué hay del polvo de curry?
Si no hay sal en el polvo de curry,
Ponga un poco de sal en la masa.
Es hora de cocinar.
Vamos a encenderlo.
Medio.
Vamos a echar un poco de aceite.
El polvo se mete en la masa, la masa, la hierba.
Levanta el ventilador.
Y en la parte superior,
Vamos a poner el barniz para la belleza.
Dios mío, qué hermoso.
Indonesian:
Panas kari Korea sedikit asin.
Apa itu?
Kalau tidak ada garam di dalam kari,
Tambahkan sedikit garam ke dalam adonan.
Sudah waktunya untuk masak.
Mari kita nyalakan.
di muka bumi
Mari tambahkan sedikit minyak.
Masukkan kerangnya ke dalam adonan.
Letakkan kipasmu.
Dan di atas,
Mari kita tempel kumis di atas untuk kecantikan.
OH TUHAN cantik.
Chinese:
韓國咖喱粉有點鹹。
有什麼咖喱粉?
如果你的咖喱粉沒有鹽分,
請在麪糊里加少許鹽。
該做飯了。
開門吧
中等火候
我們加點油吧。
咖喱粉朱古力尼,放進麪糊裏。
放在平底鍋上。
在最上面
爲了漂亮,我們在上面加點辣椒吧。
哦,我的天 看起來真漂亮。
Korean:
한국의 카레가루는 약간 짠맛이 있어요.
어떤 종류의 카레가루를 갖고 있나요?
카레가루에 짠맛이 없으면
반죽에 소금을 조금만 넣으세요.
조리할 시간이에요.
불을 켜구요.
중불에.
기름을 좀 넣죠.
카레가루 묻힌 애호박을 반죽에 퐁당!
후라이팬에 올려요.
윗면에
홍고추를 살포시 올려볼까용?
옹홍홍홍. 너무 이쁘네요.
Chinese:
韩国咖喱粉有点咸。
有什么咖喱粉?
如果你的咖喱粉没有盐分,
请在面糊里加少许盐。
该做饭了。
开门吧
中等火候
我们加点油吧。
咖喱粉朱古力尼,放进面糊里。
放在平底锅上。
在最上面
为了漂亮,我们在上面加点辣椒吧。
哦,我的天 看起来真漂亮。
Russian:
Карел имеет немного солёный вкус.
Что есть на карри?
Если нет соленой воды, то нечего есть.
Положите немного соли в тесто.
Пришло время готовить.
Давайте включим.
Поздайте, пожалуйста.
Давайте добавим масло.
Пороховая пуха, в тестах.
Поднимите вентилятор.
А сверху
Давайте начертим на них сверху для красоты.
О, Майтрейя. Очень красиво.
French:
Les poudres de cari coréennes ont un peu de salinité.
Quelle sorte de poudre de curry avez-vous?
Si votre poudre de cari n'est pas salée,
S'il vous plaît ajouter un peu de sel dans une pâte.
Il est temps de cuisiner.
Ouvrons-le.
En feu moyen.
Ajoutons du pétrole.
Curry poudre zucchini, mis dans la pâte.
Mettre sur un plateau.
Et au sommet :
Ajoutons le chili sur le dessus pour la beauté.
Oh mon dieu. C'est si joli.
Italian:
Il curry coreano è leggermente salato.
Cosa c'è di curry?
senza sale nel curry
Aggiungere un pizzico di sale all'impasto.
È tempo di cucinare
Accendiamo.
a metà
Mettiamo dell'olio.
Un batuffolo di polvere di curry, da aggiungere all'impasto.
Alza la padella.
in alto
Per la bellezza, mettiamoci sopra il peperoncino.
Omayad. Troppo bello.
Vietnamese:
Cho thêm chút dầu vào đi.
Lật lại nào.
Vậy thì để bên kia nướng đi
Bình thường tụi mình hay nấu món này vào ngày lễ quốc gia.
Đẹp quá.
Nhìn này.
Đẹp lắm đúng không?
Được rồi!
Với một lượng bột như vậy,
Mình ăn hết một nửa trái bí dài rồi.
Vì vậy, nếu anh muốn kết thúc ngay lập tức,
Chỉ cần làm gấp đôi là được.
8 muỗng bột mì với
8 muỗng nước.
Nhìn này.
Đẹp quá! Màu đẹp quá đi
Mùi thơm thật đấy.
German:
Lass uns ein bisschen mehr Öl geben.
Wir drehen es um.
Lass uns auf der anderen Seite kochen.
Normalerweise kochen wir das an Feiertagen.
Es ist so hübsch.
Sieh dir das an.
Sie ist wirklich hübsch, oder?
Es ist vorbei!
Mit so viel Mehl.
Ich bin nur halb fertig.
Also, um es auf einmal zu beenden...
Wir machen nur eine zweite Rute.
Mit 8 Spülen Mehl.
8 Löffel Wasser.
Sieh dir das an.
Sie ist hübsch! Die Farbe ist so hübsch.
Es riecht wirklich gut.
English:
Let's add a little bit more oil.
Let's flip over.
Let's cook the other side.
Normally, we cook this on our national holiday.
So pretty.
Look at this.
It is really pretty right?
It's done!
With that amount of flour batter,
I finished just half of the zucchini.
So if you want to finish at once,
you can just make a double.
8 spoons of flour with
8 spoons of water.
Look at this,
Pretty! Colors are so pretty.
Smells are really good.
Italian:
Aggiungiamo un po' di olio.
Giriamoci.
Cuciniamo il piatto opposto.
Di solito lo cuciniamo durante le vacanze.
È troppo bello.
Guarda questo.
È davvero bello?
È finito!
con quel impasto di farina
Ho finito solo metà delle zucchine.
Quindi per finire alla volta.
Puoi fare due rutine.
con otto cucchiai di farina
8 cucchiai di acqua
Guarda questo.
Bella! Colorata così bella.
L'odore è davvero buono.
Korean:
기름을 조금 더 넣고,
뒤집어요.
뒷면도 익혀야 하니까용.
이거 명절요린데 그쵸?
너무 예뻐요.
이것 좀 봐요.
정말 예쁘지요?
끝났어요!
아까 밀가루 반죽으로
준비한 애호박 반 구웠어요.
그러니까 한 번에 끝내려면
반죽 2배로 만들면 돼요.
밀가루 8스푼과 함께
물 8스푼.
이것 좀 보세요.
홍홍홍. 색깔 이뻐요.
냄새 오지구요.
Russian:
Давайте добавим еще немного масла.
Перевернуть.
Давайте готовить блюдо с другой стороны.
Обычно мы готовим это для праздника.
Очень красиво.
Посмотри на это.
Очень красиво, не так ли?
Закончилось!
Какого-то количества муки
Я только что закончил половину ночи.
Поэтому, чтобы закончить за один раз, нужно сделать все за раз.
А если сделать 2 руты,
С тетрадь октавы.
Воды с половиной.
Посмотрите на это.
Красиво! Цвета очень красивы.
Пахнет очень хорошо.
French:
Ajoutons un peu plus d'huile.
Revenons.
Faisons cuire l'autre côté.
Normalement, nous le cuisinons pendant nos fêtes nationales.
C'est si joli.
Regardez cela.
C'est vraiment bien?
C'est fait!
8 cuillères de farine avec
8 cuillères d'eau.
Regardez cela,
C'est vrai que les couleurs sont très belles.
Les odeurs sont vraiment bonnes.
Chinese:
我们再加点油吧。
我们翻个底朝天
我们把另一边烧熟吧。
通常,我们在国庆节的时候做这个。
真漂亮
看看这个
真的很美吗?
搞定了!
用那么多面粉糊,
我只喝了一大半的古奇尼。
所以,如果你想马上完成,
你可以做双份的。
八勺面粉
八勺水。
看看这个
漂亮!颜色真漂亮。
味道真的很好
Indonesian:
Mari tambahkan sedikit minyak.
Ayo lakukan ini.
Ayo makan di sisi lain.
Biasanya kita memasak ini di hari libur.
Ini sangat indah.
Coba lihat ini.
Apakah itu indah?
Selesai!
Dengan adonan itu,
Saya minum setengah mati.
Jadi untuk menutup acara ini sekaligus
Kalian harus membuat 2 pukulan.
Dengan tepung 8 sendok
Air delapan sendok.
Coba lihat ini.
Cantik! Warna sungainya sangat indah.
Baunya sangat baik.
Thai:
ใส่น้ําอีกหน่อยแล้วกัน
กลับด้านกันเถอะ
มาทําอาหารฝั่งตรงข้ามกันเถอะค่ะ
โดยปกติ, พวกเราจะทําอาหารนี้ในวันหยุด
สวยมากเลย
ดูนี่ซิ
ลูกน่ารักมาก
เสร็จแล้วครับ!
ด้วยแป้งสาลีนั่น
ฟักทองอ่อน แค่ครึ่งเดียว
ดังนั้นถ้าคุณอยากจะจบมันในแต่ละครั้ง
เล่นเบสสอง
แป้ง 8 ช้อนชา
น้ํา 8ช้อน
ดูนี่ซิ
สีสวยจัง
กลิ่นหอมจริงๆ
Japanese:
もう少し油を加えましょう。
ひっくり返そう。
反対側を作ろう。
普段は祝日に作ります。
すごくきれいです。
これ見て。
本当にきれいですよね？
できた！
そのくらいの小麦粉の衣で
私はズッキーニの半分しか食べませんでした。
だから、早く終わらせたいなら
二塁打を打てばいいんです。
小麦粉8スプーンと
水8スプーン。
これ見て。
きれい！色がすごくきれい。
香りがすごくいいんです。
Spanish:
Vamos a añadir un poco más de aceite.
Al revés.
Comamos al otro lado.
Normalmente, cocinamos esto en el festival Chung Yeung.
Muy bonito.
Mira esto.
¿No es hermoso?
¡Se acabó!
y esa masa de harina
Comí media calabaza.
Así que para terminar de una vez,
Si quieres construir la segunda base.
con un peso de harina de trigo
Ocho gramos de agua.
Mira esto.
¡Son hermosos! Los colores son tan hermosos.
El olor es muy bueno.
Chinese:
我們再加點油吧。
我們翻個底朝天
我們把另一邊燒熟吧。
通常,我們在國慶節的時候做這個。
真漂亮
看看這個
真的很美嗎?
搞定了!
用那麼多面粉糊,
我只喝了一大半的古奇尼。
所以,如果你想馬上完成,
你可以做雙份的。
八勺麪粉
八勺水。
看看這個
漂亮!顏色真漂亮。
味道真的很好
Vietnamese:
Và tôi cần phải thử một lần.
Cái nào đẹp?
Cà ri và vị ngọt từ bí dài.
Một chút muối từ dầu.
Ngon thật đó.
Được rồi!
Cảm ơn các bạn đã xem kênh của mình.
Hẹn gặp lại.
Tạm biệt, tạm biệt!
Xin chào các bạn.
Đây là Seoul, Hàn Quốc.
Mình là Jung Hee của lớp Hello K Cooking Class.
Japanese:
そして一つ食べてみないと。
どれが美しいですか？
ズッキーニのカレーと甘さ。
油から少し塩味が出てきました。
本当においしいです。
できた！
僕のチャンネルを視聴してくださって。
また会いましょう。
バイバイ~
こんにちは、皆さん。
ここは韓国のソウルです。
私はハローKクッキングクラスの ジョンヒです。
Chinese:
我要试试看
哪一个漂亮?
咖喱和甜味来自朱古力酒
油里有点咸味
真的很好。
搞定了!
谢谢你收看我的频道。
下次再见。
拜拜,拜拜
嗨,伙计们
这是韩国首尔。
我是Hello Kooking班的贞姬。
Korean:
하나 먹어볼게요.
뭐가 더 먹음직 스럽나~
카레향과 애호박의 달큰함.
짭짤함과 기름향
정말 맛있어요.
끝났어요!
제 채널을 봐주셔서 감사합니다.
우리 또 봐용.
안녕, 안녕!
안녕, 여러분.
여기는 대한민국 서울이구요.
저는 헬로케이 요리교실의 정희 입니다.
Spanish:
Y me comeré uno.
¿Qué es hermoso?
Dulce curry y dulce.
un poco de sal de aceite.
Es realmente delicioso.
¡Se acabó!
Gracias por mirar mi canal.
Nos vemos.
¡Hola!
Hola, chicos.
Esto es Seúl, Corea del Sur.
de la clase de cocina de Hellrocope.
Chinese:
我要試試看
哪一個漂亮?
咖喱和甜味來自朱古力酒
油裏有點鹹味
真的很好。
搞定了!
謝謝你收看我的頻道。
下次再見。
拜拜,拜拜
嗨,夥計們
這是韓國首爾。
我是Hello Kooking班的貞姬。
French:
Et je dois en essayer un.
Curry and sweetness from the zucchini.
Un peu de salinité de l'huile.
C'est vraiment bon.
C'est fait!
Merci d'avoir regardé ma chaîne.
Vous verrez la prochaine fois.
Bye, bye!
Salut, guys.
Voici Séoul, en Corée du Sud.
Je suis Junghee de Hello K Cookingclass.
Thai:
ฉันต้องกินสักอันแล้วล่ะ
อันไหนสวย
แกงกะหรี่และมันหวานของฟักทอง
เกลือที่ออกมาจากน้ํามัน.
อร่อยจริงๆ
เสร็จแล้วครับ!
ขอบคุณที่ดูช่องของฉัน
แล้วเจอกัน
บ๊ายบาย บ๊ายบาย!
สวัสดีเด็ก ๆ
ที่นี่คือโซล เกาหลี
ฉันจองฮี อยู่ที่ห้องเรียนทําอาหารเฮลโลเคค่ะ
English:
And I need to try one.
Which one is beautiful?
Curry and sweetness from the zucchini.
A little bit of saltiness from the oil.
It is really good.
It's done!
Thank you for watching my channel.
See you next time.
Bye, bye!
Hi,guys.
Here is Seoul, South Korea.
I'm Junghee from Hello K Cookingclass.
Indonesian:
Dan aku juga harus mencoba.
Yang mana yang indah?
Kopi luwak dan manis.
garam dari minyak.
Sangat enak.
Selesai!
Terima kasih telah menonton saluran saya.
Sampai jumpa lain kali.
Dadah, halo!
Hi semuanya.
Ini adalah Seoul, Korea Selatan.
Ini adalah Chung Hee-hee di ruang kelas hidangan Helice.
German:
Und ich muss auch eins probieren.
Was ist schön?
Curry und Süßheit der Apfel.
Ein bisschen Salz aus dem Öl.
Es ist wirklich lecker.
Es ist vorbei!
Danke, dass du auf meinen Kanal geschaut hast.
Bis zum nächsten Mal.
Hey, hey!
Hey, Leute.
Das ist Seoul, Korea.
Ich bin Junghee im Kochzimmer von Halloween.
Russian:
И я тоже должен попробовать это.
Какая красота?
Карьер и сладость Ахобака.
Немного соленой из нефти.
Очень вкусно.
Закончилось!
Спасибо, что смотрели мой канал.
Увидимся в следующий раз.
Привет, ребята!
Привет, ребята.
Это Сеул, Республика Корея.
Это Чон Хи в Охотском кафедральном зале для готовки.
Italian:
E ne ho bisogno.
Quale è bello?
Carre e dolcezza di zucchine.
Un pizzico di sale dall'olio.
È davvero delizioso.
È finito!
Grazie per aver guardato il mio canale.
Ci vediamo la prossima volta.
Ciao, ciao!
Ehi, ragazzi.
Qui è Seoul, Corea.
Questa è la festa della scuola di cucina Hellocay.
|
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- What's up ya'll?
I'm Nore Davis, and we are
playing Marvel's Spider-man,
exclusively for Playstation 4.
And I am here with my
man Chance Perdomo.
How you doing?
- Huh?
Hey, I'm good.
How you doing?
- My man already in there.
He's from the
Chilling Adventures
of Sabrina on Netflix.
This is Marvel.
He already played!
[LAUGHTER]
Already got my
man Chance in there.
You're already
playing it right now.
How you feeling?
How you feeling so far about it?
Like, happy stressed.
I'm trying to get
all these guys.
But--
Yes.
--this is the first time
I played this, so I'm hyped.
So that's good, man.
All you gotta do
is, just like, yep.
A lot of square,
and then you got
triangle and circle together.
- That one?
- Look at that, man.
Yes, exactly.
Perfect.
- This one?
- Bong.
Bong.
- Boom.
Perfect, man.
So, like, your
character, Ambrose.
Ambrose Spellman.
Ambrose Spellman, yes.
Now he's always in the house.
So when he's locked in
the house in Sabrina
is he, like,
playing video games?
What's he doing
with his downtime?
Well 'cause Netflix has
our show as, like, timeless?
Yeah.
So, I mean, they
wanted a laptop in there,
but there's no video
games as such, you know?
No video games.
So, no Spider-man video games?
No Uno cards?
- No.
My man just be walking around?
He plays chess.
He plays chess?
He plays chess, and he reads
magazines and books and tomes.
Oh, man.
Ooh, you got some gadgets.
Hold L1, and then
you can pick that.
And then press R1 to use it.
Too much pressure.
Yeah, that's a lot of
pressure right there.
So, then, just beat them up.
Ooh, you swinging.
My man swinging.
Oh, snap.
Get out that building and
go swinging around, man.
Go swinging around?
So, you X, and then R2.
Whoa!
OK.
Now let go.
Let go of R2.
And then hold R2.
Ooh!
Hold R2, and
then let go of R2.
And then swing around the city.
If you had Spider-man's
powers for a day,
what power would you have?
Or, what would you do?
- What would I do?
Yeah.
I would probably go around
the city, wherever I was,
trying to do as much
good as possible.
Because like, I'm
going to say it.
I'm going to say it.
With great power comes great--
Responsibility.
100 percent, right?
If it was given to me for a day,
I'm going to use it for a day,
well.
He's a Spider
Man OG, right here.
And he got the t-shirt.
He ready.
He ready.
Amen.
He ready.
In Spider-man we trust.
So I hear you would love
to play Miles Morales.
Of course.
So, did you, like,
conquer the American accent
yet to also be able to do that?
- We'll say yes.
- You say yes?
OK, you say yes.
All right, so I'll see
you at the auditions, man.
I'm gonna be there too.
I got the hair going already.
Spidey's just sprinting.
Just sprinting up a
building, like how dope--
Can you imagine being
on the other side?
- Yeah.
- And you see see somebody--
Yeah, I mean, I could
never be Spider-man
because I'm afraid of
heights, so I would
be like scared Spider Man.
Ahh!
Ahh!
And then all you
gotta do is jump.
So when you dive,
you press in L3
and he dives, right
on the ground.
So let's do it, baby.
I can imagine him walking up
and like saluting, and then.
- Yeah, saluting, and just--
- Just fall backwards.
And he just walks off.
There it is.
Like how we just so quiet.
Aw, man, you
pressed it so early.
I did.
I did.
I did.
- You would think I was scared.
There we go.
Nice, man.
Yo, Chance, thank you so
much for coming through, man.
I appreciate you, dog.
Thank you for having me, man.
My man is dope.
All right, everybody,
please check
him out on Netflix, the
Chilling Adventures of Sabrina.
And you can pick up
Marvel Spider-man
exclusively on Playstation 4.
This is Marvel, your universe.
Wait!
No, Miles.
[LAUGHTER]
|
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Instant Tutoring @ MathCabin.com
|
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My name is David Ziaya and I am
currently the Chief
Administrative Officer of the US
Census Bureau.
I'm a first generation
professional from a small rural
based community in Michigan of
roughly fourteen hundred people.
My father worked at the local A
and P grocery store fifty miles
away as a Stocker/Checker in the
evening shift.
My mother worked as a medical
transcriptionist at the local
hospital to help supplement
income once my brother and I
were old enough to be home
alone.
Going to college was always part
of the plan for me as my parents
wanted me to do better and more
with my life.
I earned some scholarships as
the salutatorian of my class and
the scholarships covered about
half of my room and board and
tuition.
So I supplemented my financial
aid with a work study program.
Having to balance work and
school helped me develop a
strong work ethic and a
determination to succeed.
My first job in the federal
government was in the Chicago
office of public housing as a
housing management assistant GS7
with the promotion potential to
the GS12.
There are many ways in which I
was inadequately prepared for my
career but this example of
financial illiteracy is one I
will never forget.
I found a great high rise
apartment allowed me to walk to
work and get to know the city.
Although I had never paid rent
before I did the math based on
my annual salary and thought it
was fine.
But I wasn't informed about
things like retirement, life
insurance, thrift savings plan,
and other deductions that
mysteriously appeared on my pay
stub.
In the end my first paycheck
barely covered half of my rent
and I quickly realized this was
an unsustainable situation.
I wish there would have been
programs or classes to help
think about this and felt
foolish for not thinking about
it when deciding where to live.
My mentors and supervisors
helped me learn skills that
allowed me to be confident in my
new found abilities.
I learned how to be a part of a
workplace culture and how to
successfully navigate within
that culture through
observation, commitment, and
being genuine to my colleagues
and the mission at hand.
I think that my parents example
of hard work to provide for
their family and sacrifices were
massive influencing factors on
who I am today.
|
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been away for a long time and now I want
to take my dad to his happy place that's
gonna be a real memory that I'll never
forget
|
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Where’s Iron Man when you need him? Robert Downey Jr. shared the awkward experience of almost coming to blows with a Hollywood exec in the green room of “The Howard Stern Show” just moments after it took place, saying the industry exec attempted to belittle him while asking Downey Jr
to move away from the Sirius XM monitors. “I was just standing out there … standing in front of the TV screen when this little nebbish bigwig says, ‘Out of the way,'” Downey, 54, shared
When the actor informed the unnamed exec that his group was taking in the show before going on-air, the executive replied, “Who the f—k are you?” While Downey considered getting physical, admitting he thought he was “going to have to light this guy up,” he chose to brush off the encounter instead, chalking it up to the “bigwig’s” ego
According to the Oscar-nominated actor, execs of a “certain status” in Hollywood “are the master of their environment,” and typically take issue when they can’t assert control over others
The Marvel mainstay also shared his thoughts on Martin Scorsese’s recent take that superhero movies shouldn’t be considered “cinema,” admitting there is something to be said for “genre movies … denigrating the art form of cinema
” However, for Downey, to say the blockbuster films aren’t cinema “would be like saying Howard Stern isn’t radio
” Ultimately, he feels the director of “The Irishman” has a right to share his opinion, even if the masses disagree
“It’s his opinion. I appreciate his opinion because I think it’s like anything. We need all of the different perspectives so we can come to center and move on
” Share this:
|
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intro
As you saw on the thumbnail
this is the number one OIL PASTEL tip for the beginners
here we are using camel oil pastel colors
so the most important thing for a beginner...
....is to leave some light shade after filling the color
in most of the videos, we see that...
pastel colors and blended with the help of tissue paper
that is also correct BUT after a certain point
If you are a Beginner
then you must learn to fill colors properly
do not leave white marks like this
fill colors with some pressure
here we are putting the second color
and in most of the tutorials, you must have seen that...
...people start blending these two colors with tissue paper
this is also one of the many techniques...
but if you are just starting out...
and want to learn properly
then DO NOT blend like this
it is important to learn the basics first...
especially if you are a beginner
so fill the colors like this...
fill them dark and leave some light area in order to blend ...
...the next color
If you understand this and learn this method
then it will become very easy for you
to learn each and every oil pastel techniques.
it is like a baby who is learning to walk
it is like a baby who is learning to walk
so first learn to walk, then run, and then start FLYING
so first.
learn to fill colors properly
with pressure, without leaving white marks
I teach this to all my students
and they have achieved a good result
later on, they are ready to easily grab all other different techniques
so, in the beginning, do not take shortcuts
do not use a tissue or your fingertip to blend your colors
First, learn the basics
use tissue later...
your heart will shout to use any tools for blending
the body will ask not to put so much effort
But stick to this method
If you really want to good at Oil pastel art
then you must know how to leave the light area after filling up the colors...
and while leaving light area there must not be gaps in between
gaps in the light area will not give good result
do like this
so that the next color can blend smoothly
in the beginning...
...you must know how to blend without any tool
blending oil pastel with your skill is the core, not by using any tool
so it is the most important thing to learn
If you like this video then please hit the Like button
Share with all the art lovers
and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE
if you have any doubt, ask me in the comments below
|
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21st Century, Zinc, 50 mg, 110 Tablets
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Take one (1) tablet daily with any meal or
as directed by your healthcare provider.
Do not exceed recommended dosage.
Indididual results may vary.
Other Ingredients
Cellulose, stearic acid, silicon dioxide,
croscarmellose sodium, polyvinyl alcohol,
titanium dioxide, magnesium stearate, peg,
talc.
No added sugar, yeast, preservatives or artificial
flavors.
Gluten free.
Warnings
Consult a healthcare provider prior to use
if: pregnant, nursing, on medications, have
a medical condition or are planning a medical
procedure.
Stop use and contact a physician if adverse
reactions occur.
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if product appears to be tampered
with or seal is broke.
Store at room temperature.
Disclaimer
While iHerb strives to ensure the accuracy
of its product images and information, some
manufacturing changes to packaging and/or
ingredients may be pending update on our site.
Although items may occasionally ship with
alternate packaging, freshness is always guaranteed.
We recommend that you read labels, warnings
and directions of all products before use
and not rely solely on the information provided
by iHerb.
|
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HI YOUTUBE IM A COOL GUY
What is up DramaAlert nation I'm your host killer Keemstarrr Leeets geet riiiight into the nuudes(news)
Our first story is on that security footage of poopy pants Chance itsss FAAAKE
(ear rape) th...the guy never sent us the footage and he kept delaying it he was saying I'm away in vacation
my wife's gonna send it oh maybe my brother could send it in
NOW we've confirmed contacts with Jake Paul's actual neighbors and we reached out to them
and they were like this is Bullshit, we know all the neighbors none of this is real
So we started trying to figure out where the ip adress from this guy that was telling us
that he had the footage was from and we found out THAT...that he was FROM, Jake Paul's
area! So is it real?! We noticed everytime this person said "neighbour"
they spelled it the British way, and with an ip adress that's so close to actual Jake Paul's house
I'm pretty sure mister EINGLANG is their fucking city
is trying to fuck with us. I know you're sad you wanted the footage
I'm sad too but listen we got alot more news for you let's get right into it
Yesterday we reported on a story by a "gurl" known as Clarissa May
who uploaded a video talking about her being raped her friend being raped
her being sexually assaulted and she kept saying in the video that these were MASSIVE YouTubers, MASSIVE
social media stars, and in the tags of her video she had Jake Paul and Cameron Dallas
But then she came out later saying that it wasn't Cameron Dallas and it wasn't Jake Paul
that raped her and her friend, SOO we're trying to figure out why the fuck she put their names in the TAAAGS
Last night she did and interview with YouTuber known as GayFlannelShirtGuy69 and this is what she admitted
...through and I usually do in my videos is umm I go through and I add in the tags that are relevant to the
video and I like re-add in the tags that I %&#? to try to get the video boosted in views
WHAT THE ACTUAL FUCK! She literally admitted to putting Jake Paul in the tags of her rape story
So it would get more VIEWWWS
...add in the tags that I %&#? to try to get the video boosted in views
WHAT THE FUCK IS YOUTUBE 2017?! Like I just can't %&^! this!
For any of you that are still confused this is basically what she did: ROLL IT!
So I'm uploading a video about the story that my whole family actually died
Alright, umm I just...I need some good tags let's see, familyyy, my family, my family dies, my famm
OH I know!!
Perfect!
(Keem Laughter)
I..
(More Keem Laughter) I can'...
Also in the news,
Poopy pants Chance, tweeted out something interesting last night, he tweeted out
Yo Jake Paul stop making distracks you trash laughing my ass off my boy RiceGum stay spittin' flames
Now that's weird why would Team 10 member Chance be talking shit about Jake Paul and defending RiceGum?
because he got HAAACKED!
Two hackers by the name of Froza and cal hacked Chance on Snapchat they hacked him on Twitter
OH it was BAD!
They went as far as releasing snap pictures of Chance where he was supposedly cheating on Tessa
But not only that, Chance smokes WEEEEED!
HOW could you Chance how could you do drugs? You're a role model to preschools
around the WHOLE country...uhh so saad..
BUT NOT only that, the hackers released a dick pic which they claimed belonged to Chance
Chance responded on Instagram by saying this: ROLL IT!
*ape screaming*
*more ape screaming*
*still ape screaming*
The only thing I care about THAT'S NOT MY DIIIIIIIIIICK
*nevermind*
Now we reached out to the hackers to find out why they actually hacked Chance, and this is what they said:
He tried to act hard to RiceGum when he's soft like feathers, lauging out loud, he made a video with 3 of his friends
While Rice was with females and he used it to seem like the tough one
He got what he deserved, Fuck Chance and Fuck Team 10
And that's when RiceGum tweeted out this:
I have nothing to do with these Team 10 guys getting hacked but just know I got shooters in real life and the
internet
(Keem Laughter)
He ended up deleting that tweet, but THEN, TESSA BROOKS got HACKED TOO!
All of a sudden a tweet went out saying: I'm jealous of Alissa Violet
And then she tweeted: It's ok Chance cheated on me, I cheated on him first
AAahh well at least the hacker has a sense of humor, but Tessa got hacked really bad
'Cause not just her twitter got hacked, her fucking YOUTUBE got hacked
Random anime videos has been uploaded to her channel
AND so far today she has lost over 35 THAWSEND subscribers because of the hacker
Now this isn't the same hacker that hacked Chance, this is a different hacker, we reached out to him
and said: WHY DID YOU HACK TESSA?!
Snail responded by saying: because bored and shit, plus she's rude to Alissa Violet, her and Banks are cool,
Snail don't like rude
And thats when Banks tweeted out this:
Just to be clear we obviously had nothing to do with anyone getting hacked. That shit's whack. A lot of time
and hardwork goes into this shit
And there ya have it
Alsoo in the news;
Today Adam Saleh uploaded a video: WROETOSHAW IS THE FAKEST YOUTUBER I'VE EVER MET
Now in the video Adam Saleh says he was at some YouTuber party and KSI was there and the Sidemen
were there, and apparently Harry, Wroetoshaw ran up to him and took a picture and tweeted out:
Fuck Delta
(Keem Laughter)
So obviously they're triggered
For those of you who don't know the back story, Adam Saleh like uhh I think it was like a year ago
He was on a Delta flight him and his friend uuuh Slim Shady or whatever the fuck his name is
were on the flight and they were joking around saying some meme back and forth
and screaming it on the plane in a different language, so then other passengers complained about it
and they got escorted off the plane, and then Adam Saleh lied to everyone and made a video
saying that he was getting kicked off the plane just because he was speaking in Arabic
which was proven not to be true
So this is why Wroetoshaw was fucking with him
Alsooo in the news;
Yesterday we told you about NetNobody or SkyDoesMinecraft getting in a fight with KSI
And then threatening to make disstracks on each other
Which is completely out of our field, well last night, KSI releases DMs between him and NetNobody
He tweeted out: Are you dense fam? Get the fuck out of my DMs
Apparently SkyDoesMinecraft landed in LA and he asked KSI if he knew where to get weed...
(Keem Laughter) What the fuck
And speaking about KSI, apparently he's getting DEPORTED!
He uploaded a video titled: I'm Getting Deported explaining that you know he has to go back to the UK
But he does say in his video he's actually planning to get a VISA and moving to America
BANKS, tweeted at him saying: I miss you already JJ
KSI responded by saying "I miss you too bro"
Awwwwwwwlso in the news
Do you like that transition I thought it was fucking smooth I mean that just, it just really whack
The Huffington Post tweeted out: Man who marched in Charlottesville white supremacy rally disowned by family
Showing a picture of the man
(Keem Laughter) Do y..Do you know who that looks like, you..you must know who that looks like
IT LOOKS EXACTLY LIKE FUCKING PEWDIEPIE
PewDiePie responded to this tweet by saying this: Dear Nazis: Stop looking so identical to me. You're really not
helping my case here...
(Keem Laughter)
And now for our final story:
Collars stays poppin' England is my City Nick Crompton tweeted out this:
Team 10 can perform "It's everyday Bro" at opening ceremony." Showing a picture that Los Angeles has
confirmed to host the 2028 Olympics
Now I want to report this story because most of the Team 10 fans you know they haven't went through
school they haven't learned math yet so I wanted to do some math for them just so they could understand
alright? This will be going down when you're 17 years old
Alright? So on your 17th birthday make sure you ask Mom and Dad for ticket, to the Olympics
Ladies and Gentlemen that's for the news today if you love DramaAlert make sure you slap a like on it,
And if you're new here make sure you're subscribed so you don't miss any drama going on in the community
And if your subbin', sub with those notifications ON
DramaAlert nation now over 2 million 500 THAWSEND, subscribers
KEEMIZ THE BIST
|
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music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
music
tone
beeping
beeping
|
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|
Hi everyone! My name is Sara Riobom and I am the blogger behind Portoalities,
your blog about Porto, where every week I answer your questions about Porto.
Today I am here at Jardim do Morro, enjoying this beautiful view over the Douro river and Ribeira,
to answer a question sent by José, from Italy. He asks: Why are Port wine cellars in... Gaia?!
It is a very relevant question.
If you think about the entire production process of Vinho do Porto, you will notice that this wine,
that brings Porto so much notoriety, actually never “sets a foot” in the city.
The wine is produced at the Douro Valley, a wine region demarcated in 1756 under the orders
of Marquês do Pombal, making it the first demarcated wine region in the world.
Then it is transported to Gaia, in ancient times by rabelo boats and nowadays by trucks,
where the Port wine ages in large wood barrels until it is bottled.
So, given the importance of the Port wine cellars, why are they located in Gaia and not in Porto?
Come with me, I will explain it to you!
Here I am at Gaia's cable car - a journey that I really enjoy doing, both because of the gradually descending
view over Porto on my right hand side, and the unusual view over the Port wine cellars on my left hand side.
The Port wine cellars are located in Gaia mainly due to political reasons.
In 1255, our king D. Afonso III established a royal town in Gaia,
which was later united with the town Villa Nova to create the current city called Vila Nova de Gaia.
He did it in an attempt to divert part of the maritime trade from the city of Porto to Gaia.
Porto was under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Church, which, through the bishop of Porto,
was entitled to charge the so called "Toll of the land", a heavy tax on all goods traded in Porto.
D. Afonso III, in an attempt to divert part of the profits to the Portuguese royal crown,
gave a royal document to Gaia, to make this town independent from Porto.
Naturally, Port wine traders, eager to escape the "Toll of the land", established their cellars in Gaia.
There are also other reasons. Gaia is a city in the Northern hemisphere facing North
which means it has a lower sun exposure. On the other hand, Gaia is more sheltered from the wind,
so this side of the Douro river has a fresher climate, ideal for the slow aging of Port wine.
I hope you enjoyed this first video of Portoalities! You can follow me on the social media - I am on Facebook,
Twitter and Instagram. Send me your questions about Porto, your photos or simply comment on my posts.
Make yourself comfortable at your Portoalities!
|
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Spanish:
espere desierto, Dios mío, es gracioso que ustedes me estén haciendo reaccionar a esto.
Gambino oh dios mio oh si esto es América
gambino
Sí, tío, espera, voy a subirlo yo
amo esta canción tanto oh mi dios mi
primo Maeby reaccionó es que es un tal
artista increíble que en realidad no he visto
El video como acabo de ver algunas cosas en
Twitter lo que comienza super como super
agradable y luego se pone súper intenso
Hay tanto simbolismo en esta música.
vídeo
English:
wait wilderness oh my god it's funny that you guys are making me react to this.
Oh
Gambino oh my god oh yes this is America
childish gambino
yeah dude hang on I'm gonna turn it up I
love this song so much oh my god my
cousin Maeby reacted is he's such an
amazing artist I actually haven't seen
the video like I just saw some stuff on
Twitter what starts off super like super
nice and then it gets super intense
there's so much symbolism in this music
video
English:
he's killed this girl is so nasty that
was shocking cuz like that's when he
immediately knew is taking a turn that
gun was being dragged off very gently
well this dead body is just being
dragged off without a care his demos are
really good too I loved his performance
in this oh my god there's so much chaos
hey Wilson this is e my boy well oh my
gosh it's so weird to be crazy coming
into the audition process they were just
like oh we just have a huge artist this
this will be one of his last songs it's
gonna be great they played the song and
rehearsal we were like trying to guess
who was this and then he walked in he
Spanish:
Ha matado a esta chica es tan desagradable que
fue impactante porque eso es cuando él
Inmediatamente supo que está dando un giro que
La pistola estaba siendo arrastrada muy suavemente
Bueno, este cadáver solo está siendo
arrastrado sin cuidado sus demos son
realmente bueno también me encantó su actuación
en esto oh dios mio hay tanto caos
Hola Wilson, este es mi hijo, bueno, oh
Dios mío, es tan raro estar loco viniendo
en el proceso de audición eran solo
como oh, solo tenemos un gran artista este
esta será una de sus últimas canciones es
va a ser genial tocaron la canción y
Ensayo estábamos como tratando de adivinar
¿Quién era este y luego entró él
Spanish:
tipo de nos dijo que a pesar de que el
La canción es agresiva, tenemos que ser la única.
Ser la felicidad que simboliza ese pop.
La cultura es algo así como que toma el
centro del escenario de la conciencia pública
donde cuando hay todo esto como
la violencia que ocurre en el fondo y
nadie lo está notando porque todo el mundo está
solo bailando y saliendo de fiesta
Bueno, hay mucho que hacer a la vez
Hay tantas cosas pasando cada vez que
Míralo capto una cosa nueva
Oh, esa parte hizo que mi corazón se hundiera más
Eso fue como me gusta el disparo en el arma
el comienzo que uno fue impactante pero
que uno me consiguió más porque yo siento como
Estaba casi atado a que Charleston me gustara
donde era como desgarrador
English:
kind of told us like even though the
song is aggressive we have to be the one
to be the happiness symbolizing that pop
culture is kind of like it takes the
center stage of public consciousness
where when there's all this like
violence happening in the background and
no one's noticing it because everyone's
just dancing and partying away
well there's so much going on at once
there's so much going on I every time I
watch it I catch a new thing
oh that part made my heart sink the most
that was like I like the gun shoot at
the beginning that one was shocking but
that one got me the most cuz I feel like
I was almost tied to like Charleston to
where it was just like heart wrenching
Spanish:
es la luz
Piel de gallina mi brazo para ver esto como lo vi
Vive pero para verlo todo se juntan.
todavía me está dando la piel de gallina estoy
bastante seguro de que va a impactar
La vida de todos y hacerlos pensar.
Es realmente cínico al mismo tiempo
era tanto caos pasando alrededor
Nosotros o era como si tuvieras que quedarte.
Enfocado y solo enfócate en el baile que
Solo sé feliz todo el tiempo esta parte
esta parte me dio escalofríos cuando lo veo
por primera vez todo sobre esto
es como parpadear lo extrañas
English:
it's the light
goosebumps my arm to see this like I saw
it live but to see it all come together
it's still giving me goosebumps I'm
pretty sure it's gonna impact
everybody's lives and make them think
it's really cynical at the same time it
was just so much chaos going on around
us or it was just like you have to stay
focused and just focus on the dance you
just be happy the whole time this part
this part gave me chills when I watch it
for the first time everything about this
it's like blinking you miss it
English:
I'm pretty sure that's isn't it says I
love her too just like it's genius this
is beautiful cinematography I really
really liked all the shots that they've
been doing you could just see the fear
in his face oh my God look at that whoa
gives me chills this music video the
song is everything about it is beautiful
I see what you mean is doing where it's
like talking about pop culture but then
also bringing in that seriousness of
this is America and it's so just
artistically cool but also just
heart-wrenching to watch so we know that
you're not a college kid but since you
were actually in part of the video we
wanted to bring you in to give us
further insight thank you when they
first you know showed us the set and
they were like okay let's start shooting
it and we were like okay let's see how
this looks and then we look in to like
Spanish:
Estoy bastante seguro de que no es lo que dice
ámala también como si fuera un genio
Es hermosa la cinematografía realmente
Me gustaron mucho todos los tiros que tienen.
estado haciendo, solo podías ver el miedo
en su cara oh Dios mío mira eso whoa
Me da escalofríos este video musical del
La canción lo es todo, es hermoso.
Veo a lo que te refieres con hacer donde es
Me gusta hablar de cultura pop pero luego
trayendo también esa seriedad de
esto es América y es tan solo
artísticamente genial, pero también justo
desgarrador para ver por lo que sabemos que
No eres un niño universitario pero ya que
En realidad eran parte del video que
Quería traerte para darnos
más información gracias cuando
Lo primero que sabes nos mostró el set y
estaban como bien, vamos a empezar a disparar
y estábamos como bien, vamos a ver cómo
Esto se ve y luego miramos para gustar
English:
the TV screen and we're looking a
playback we're like wow like it's gonna
blow everybody's mind so that was the
music video for this is America the
newest single by rapper childish gambino
obviously you've seen this before yeah I
mean who has it so many people are
pointing out that there is an
overwhelming amount of cultural
allusions and symbolism found in the
video although we can't show you
everything because the scenes are still
being dissected we're gonna show you
some of the most talked about moments
and get your thoughts on them okay cool
cuz he I know I like already as soon as
this music video dropped everyone on
Twitter was just giving their own
analysis so here's the first one
oh yeah yeah the whole Jim Crow thing is
I mean just a Twitter you know Twitter's
an encyclopedia for everything these
days I heard that he was he was like
modeling after a painting but I didn't
know like what it was for him to subtly
drop that in there unless you knew about
it unless he really went digging for it
you wouldn't have known so several
reports have noted that the video seems
to tackle various social issues
including police brutality gun violence
all while dancing in a Jim Crow style
caricature a type of anti-black imagery
that was meant for entertainment in the
19th and 20th century why do you think
that can be no decided to include this
Spanish:
La pantalla del televisor y estamos buscando un
la reproducción somos como wow como si fuera a
soplar la mente de todos por lo que fue la
video musical para esto es América la
nuevo single de rapero infantil gambino
Obviamente has visto esto antes, sí, yo
significa quién tiene tantas personas son
señalando que hay una
abrumadora cantidad de cultura
Alusiones y simbolismos encontrados en el
video aunque no podemos mostrarte
todo porque las escenas estan todavia
siendo diseccionados te vamos a mostrar
Algunos de los momentos más comentados.
y obtener sus pensamientos sobre ellos bien fresco
Porque él sé que me gusta ya tan pronto como
Este video musical dejó a todos en
Twitter solo estaba dando su propia
análisis así que aquí está el primero
oh sí, sí, todo el asunto de Jim Crow es
Me refiero solo a un Twitter que conoces de Twitter
Una enciclopedia para todo esto.
Días escuché que era como era
modelando después de una pintura pero no lo hice
Saber como era para él sutilmente
suelta eso allí a menos que sepas
a menos que él realmente fuera a cavar para ello
no habrías sabido tantos
Los informes han señalado que el video parece
para abordar diversos problemas sociales
Incluyendo la violencia policial con armas de fuego
todo mientras bailas al estilo de Jim Crow
Caricatura un tipo de imágenes anti-negras.
que estaba destinado para el entretenimiento en el
Siglos XIX y XX ¿por qué crees?
Eso no puede ser decidido a incluir esto.
English:
in his video because as much as we want
to say that things have changed a lot of
things happened he's trying to bring to
the
forefront that all these issues that
happen in the past haven't really been
solved yet because we're really as a
country we're really distracted Jim Crow
especially like that whole image of him
was supposed to bring down black people
so the fact that like Gambino himself as
a black man is sort of like taking that
himself and doing it himself is kind of
showing like I'm taking ownership of
this now so you can't hurt me with it
anymore a lot of people probably don't
even know about this stuff and it's like
for an artist to use their medium to
educate somebody while also entertaining
them it's pretty needed yeah they just
threw someone off the off the balcony I
just see like people being chased by
police go ahead and watch it again okay
oh my god I did not notice that I was
Spanish:
En su video porque tanto como queramos.
decir que las cosas han cambiado mucho
Sucedieron cosas que está tratando de llevar a
la
vanguardia que todas estas cuestiones que
sucedió en el pasado realmente no han sido
resuelto sin embargo, porque estamos realmente como
país realmente estamos distraídos Jim Crow
Especialmente como esa imagen entera de él.
se suponía que iba a derribar a los negros
por lo que el hecho de que como el propio Gambino como
un hombre negro es algo así como tomar eso
él mismo y hacerlo por sí mismo es una especie de
mostrando como estoy tomando posesión de
esto ahora, así que no puedes lastimarme con eso
más mucha gente probablemente no lo haga
incluso saber acerca de estas cosas y es como
para que un artista use su medio para
educar a alguien mientras que también entretiene
ellos es bastante necesario, sí que sólo
tiré a alguien fuera del balcón que
Solo veo como personas perseguidas por
La policía sigue adelante y lo mira de nuevo bien
oh dios mio no me di cuenta de que estaba
Spanish:
tan distraído por el baile cuando
estabas viendo el baile que hace
no te das cuenta de lo que está pasando en el
fondo entonces hablamos de noticias
puntos de venta o como incluso diferentes como
tipos de medios de comunicación es como lo intentan y
distraerte con una historia para guiarte
lejos de otra historia, así que señalé
que también podría reflejar la noción
que nuestra sociedad desea emular y ser
entretenido por artistas negros todavía
ignorar las dificultades de los afroamericanos
cara en este país, sí que es casi
tipo de decir como solo amamos el negro
La gente cuando son como darnos.
Algo divertido y divertido, pero luego
Los estamos ignorando cuando tienen
problemas que se enfrentan ellos mismos
sentir el cien por cien de movimiento como
todo como mis piernas importan y es
tan importante pero no solo afecta
así porque lo ves también con
La cultura latina y lo ves con
como cualquier otra cultura
Sí por ahora esto, sé que vas a
Hablamos de esta parte porque sus líneas.
va
es un vendedor que esta siendo celular
y dicen que sí, eso es una herramienta del
En el momento en que pasa algo tenemos que
Informe de inmediato en lugar de ayudar
como si hay dos personas luchando nosotros
nunca la gente no ayuda que eran
cortejando a mucha gente tiende a gustar
English:
just so distracted by the dancing when
you were watching the dancing it makes
you not realize what's going on in the
background then we talked about news
outlets or like even like different
types of media it's like they try and
distract you with one story to lead you
away from another story so I pointed out
that it could also reflect the notion
that our society lusts to emulate and be
entertained by black entertainers yet
ignore the hardships african-americans
face in this country yeah he's almost
kind of saying like we only love black
people when they're like giving us
something like fun and cool but then
we're ignoring them when they have
issues that they're facing themselves I
feel a hundred percent of like movement
everything like my legs matter and it's
so important but it's not only affecting
like that because you see it also with
the Latino culture and you see it with
like every single other culture
yeah by now this I know you're gonna
talk about this part because his lines
it goes
it's a seller which is being cellphone
and they says yeah that's a tool the
moment something happens we have to
report right away instead of helping
like if there's two people fighting we
never people don't help they were
courting a lot of people tend to like
English:
when they when they see something wrong
instead of like trying to intervene they
just kind of just videotape it and just
stay on the side well Sally I think
could maybe have it's like a double
entendre where it's a cell phone but
also like a prism cell so you know
there's a lot of police brutality that's
been brought to the surface because
people have filmed it videotaping police
brutality is the only way to combat it
because you know Anna your word versus
their word situation you're never gonna
win why a white horn dude that's one of
the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse for
sure
it's weird I thought the horse would
freak out because of all the chaos and
the fire and everything but the horse
was very professional so in this scene
we see a hooded figure riding a horse
followed by a cop car which a lot of
people believe is an allusion to the
Horsemen of the Apocalypse
interesting there's just so many people
dying and no one cares and no one's
Spanish:
cuando ellos cuando ven algo mal
en lugar de como tratar de intervenir ellos
Sólo una especie de video y simplemente
Quédate en el lado bien Sally creo
tal vez podría tener es como un doble
entender donde es un celular pero
También como una célula prismática para que sepas.
Hay mucha brutalidad policial que es
sido traído a la superficie porque
La gente lo ha filmado grabando en video a la policía.
La brutalidad es la única forma de combatirla.
Porque conoces a Anna tu palabra versus
su palabra situación nunca vas a
ganar por qué un tio cuerno blanco que es uno de
Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis para
Por supuesto
es raro, pensé que el caballo lo haría
asustarse por todo el caos y
El fuego y todo menos el caballo.
Fue muy profesional así que en esta escena.
Vemos una figura encapuchada montando un caballo
seguido de un coche de policía que una gran cantidad de
La gente cree que es una alusión a la
Caballeros del Apocalipsis
interesante hay tantas personas
Morir y a nadie le importa y a nadie.
Spanish:
realmente tratando de hacer nada y eso es
Me gusta el país en el que vivimos, sí
Piensa igual especialmente con la iglesia
uno con todos los cantantes de gospel como
Eso me recordó a los disparos que
Sucedió en el sur y en la iglesia.
después de cada tiroteo es un coche rojo
paño lo que estás diciendo que las armas
Son más importantes que los humanos.
y el rojo se supone que representa el
sangre en el set eran como oh por
la forma en que uno de los niños va a sostener una
arma real si ustedes no les importa el
Los padres eran como oye un arma real es todo
cargados y son como no no no es
no cargado pero va a tener que poner en
Sus manos y luego simplemente regalarlo.
enseguida me hizo sentir como
Hay mucha gente en el poder que
preferiría proteger las armas que proteger
la vida de la gente esta fue para es amable
de mostrar como los cuerpos negros no son
tratado como bastante o con suavidad o
algo así en absoluto como personas
no les importan lo suficiente, pero Dios
prohibir que me quites el tema de mi arma sobre
Las armas son tan complicadas que solo tengo miedo
sobre dar todo el poder a una
English:
really trying to do anything and that's
like the country that we live in yeah I
think alike especially with the church
one with all the gospel singers like
that reminded me of the shooting that
happened in the south and in the church
after every shooting it's a red car
cloth what you're saying that the guns
are more more important than the humans
and the red is supposed to represent the
blood on set they were just like oh by
the way one of the kids is gonna hold a
real gun if you guys don't mind the
parents were like hey a real gun is it
loaded and they're like no no no it's
not loaded but he's gonna have to put in
his hands and then just give it away
right away it just made me feel like
there are a lot of people in power who
would rather protect guns than protect
people's lives this one was to is kind
of showing how like black bodies aren't
treated like fairly or gently or
anything like that at all like people
don't care about them enough but God
forbid you take away my gun topic about
guns are so complicated I'm just scared
about giving the whole power to a
English:
government and you being unable to
defend yourself at at the same time if
there's no like regulation for it that's
freaking scary now that the video has
been released what are your feelings
towards how the video has been received
by critics in the general public I felt
like this was just another video to
spread awareness and he portrayed it
perfectly so as you've seen the video
has a lot going on in some point
the videos worth multiple viewings
because you don't really catch
everything the first time you watch it
100% I've seen it four times that I
still don't catch everything the song
itself shifts throughout going from
happy upbeat verses to that dark and
aggressive chorus we broke down some of
the most important parts of the video
for you what form the video stood out to
you the most I think the most jarring
part of it honestly it was like the gun
handling and shooting I think the first
scene is what caught my eye the most cuz
I like I saw people like tweeting about
it a ton and then you watch it and you
don't really know what's gonna happen
and then he shoots the guy and then it
just mayhem occurs what's standing out
the most is that like especially the
ending we're trying to like get away
Spanish:
El gobierno y tu no pudiendo
defenderse al mismo tiempo si
no hay una regulación similar para eso es
maldito miedo ahora que el video tiene
sido liberado cuales son tus sentimientos
Hacia cómo se ha recibido el video.
por la crítica en el público en general me sentí
como esto era solo otro video para
difundió la conciencia y lo retrató
perfectamente así como has visto el video
Tiene mucho que hacer en algún punto
Los videos que valen múltiples visionados.
porque realmente no atrapas
Todo la primera vez que lo miras.
100% lo he visto cuatro veces que yo
todavia no atrapas todo la cancion
sí cambia a lo largo de ir
felices y alegres versos a ese oscuro y
coro agresivo nos rompimos algunos de
Las partes más importantes del video.
para ti qué forma se destacó el video para
Eres el que más me parece más discordante.
Parte de ella, honestamente, era como el arma.
manejo y disparo creo que la primera
escena es lo que más me llamó la atención porque
Me gusta, vi a gente como twittear sobre
Es una tonelada y luego lo miras y tú
Realmente no sé qué va a pasar
y luego le dispara al chico y luego
solo caos ocurre lo que se destaca
Lo más es que como especialmente el
Terminando estamos tratando de que nos guste escapar
Spanish:
de estos problemas lo que estamos viviendo en
Ellos todavía y no podemos salir más
parte importante de ti fue sólo el
simbolismo general de cómo de cómo las armas
estaban siendo tratados con más respeto
que los seres humanos reales vive porque yo
Siento que es muy relevante y con
especialmente con como todas estas armas
Problemas de control y todos estos disparos.
que han estado sucediendo últimamente hay
esta esperanza sin embargo, hay este cinismo que
como la yuxtaposición entre el
niños y adolescentes que están bailando mientras
Hay tanta violencia sucediendo en
el fondo, así que has estado involucrado
en un montón de videos musicales y otros
oportunidades emocionantes a lo largo de su
carrera pero como se siente ser parte
de algo que está causando varios
Conversaciones importantes en nuestra sociedad.
el video cayó alrededor de la noche del sábado
y me fui en mi teléfono de inmediato y
La gente ya me estaba enviando mensajes de texto y eran como
¿estás en este video era que yo soy
feliz de haber podido ser parte de
algo de lo que todo el mundo habla
de una manera genial
Ninguno de nosotros sabía que el grupo nos tiene
English:
from these problems what we're living in
them still and we can't get out the most
important part from you was just the
overall symbolism of how of how the guns
were being treated with more respect
than actual human beings lives because I
feel like it's very relevant and with
especially with like all these gun
control problems and all these shootings
that have been happening lately there's
this hope yet there's this cynicism I
like the juxtaposition between the the
children and teens who are dancing while
there is so much violence happening in
the background so you've been involved
in a lot of music videos and other
exciting opportunities throughout your
career but how does it feel to be a part
of something that's causing several
important conversations in our society
the video dropped around Saturday night
and I went on my phone right away and
people already texting me and were like
are you in this video was that you I'm
happy that I was able to be a part of
something that everybody's talking about
in a in a great way
none of us knew that the group us have
English:
guns none of us knew about the choir
being shot or anything but Childish ever
or Donald or mr. Glover he came up to us
and he was like you guys whenever you
guys feel uncomfortable just tell me and
let me know and I'll stop it and we
could take a step back take a break come
up to me or the director and I'll take
care of you guys like that was one thing
I respect this man 100% and I'm it's so
overwhelming to be in this man's vision
for his video and I felt like this was
so creative while you were filming did
you think he was gonna have this big
I okay I did all the parents they were
just kind of like like what's going on
there's so much chaos and I was like
trust me I trust mr. Bluebird I trust
hero I just a director and you know I
trust a choreographer and I was like you
know what they're going for this 100% I
am too and I was like this is gonna take
over the world when these types of
videos are released that depicts some
issues within this country and focus on
racial undertones they almost always
cause divisions between people as both
left and right can get very vocal over
Spanish:
Pistolas, ninguno de nosotros sabía del coro.
ser disparado o cualquier cosa menos infantil
o Donald o mr. Glover se nos acercó
y él era como ustedes cuando ustedes
chicos se sienten incómodos solo dime y
Déjame saber y lo detendré y nosotros
podría dar un paso atrás tomar un descanso venir
Depende de mí o el director y me quedo
cuidar de ustedes como esa era una cosa
Respeto a este hombre al 100% y lo soy.
Es abrumador estar en la visión de este hombre.
Por su video y me sentí como si esto fuera
tan creativo mientras estabas filmando
crees que iba a tener este gran
Yo bien hice todos los padres que fueron
Sólo como algo así como lo que está pasando
Hay tanto caos y yo estaba como
confía en mí confío en mr. Bluebird confio
héroe acabo de un director y sabes que
Confía en un coreógrafo y yo era como tú
Saben lo que van a hacer por este 100% yo
Soy demasiado y yo estaba como esto va a tomar
en el mundo cuando este tipo de
Se lanzan videos que muestran algunos
problemas dentro de este país y se centran en
matices raciales que casi siempre
causar divisiones entre las personas como ambos
La izquierda y la derecha pueden ser muy vocales
English:
their opposing viewpoints do you think
that this type of reaction and
conversation is good or bad to come from
a music video I think it's amazing that
you can have such a music video or they
could have a music video that's so
profound that it causes this kind of
political reaction this video generates
valuable discussion things can change
but nothing's gonna happen unless people
talk about it I already know millions of
people have already watched this video
today and I feel like that's you know it
needs to be talked about and it needs it
needs to be shown like everyone needs to
see this kind of stuff and realize like
what's actually happening people pay
attention to pop culture and
entertainment and that's exactly what
Gambino is trying to get across
even though race is such a like a
politically charged issue it's still
gonna start conversations between people
to hopefully open each other's eyes kind
of thing and understand each other's
perspectives more if we can't talk about
these things and like normal
conversations and we have to have like
deaths happen and stuff like this
happened before we actually talk about
it and really sit there and have the
conversation then it's like what are we
Spanish:
sus puntos de vista opuestos crees
que este tipo de reacción y
la conversación es buena o mala de la que viene
un video musical creo que es increíble que
Usted puede tener un video musical o
podría tener un video musical que es tan
profundo que causa este tipo de
Reacción política que genera este video.
discusión valiosa las cosas pueden cambiar
pero nada va a pasar a menos que la gente
hablar de eso ya sé millones de
La gente ya ha visto este video.
hoy y siento que eso es lo sabes
Hay que hablar y lo necesita.
necesita ser mostrado como todos necesitan
ver este tipo de cosas y darse cuenta como
lo que realmente está pasando la gente paga
atención a la cultura pop y
entretenimiento y eso es exactamente lo
Gambino está tratando de cruzar
a pesar de que la raza es como una
tema políticamente cargado sigue siendo
va a comenzar conversaciones entre personas
con suerte abrir los ojos de los demás
de cosas y entenderse mutuamente
perspectivas más si no podemos hablar de
estas cosas y como normal
conversaciones y tenemos que tener como
las muertes ocurren y cosas como esta
sucedió antes de que realmente hablamos de
y realmente sentarse allí y tener la
conversación entonces es como lo que somos
Spanish:
nunca voy a reconocer realmente estos
cosas así que finalmente el video musical es
Hacer que mucha gente piense críticamente
sobre los temas presentados que algunos
La gente piensa que es lo que debe hacer el buen arte.
¿Por qué crees que a veces necesitamos
no son así para profundizar en nuestra
vive versus poder verlo dentro
nosotros mismos eso es exactamente lo que es el arte
Se supone que hacer es hacerte pensar
puede permitirte ver los problemas de otra manera
que tal vez no eres capaz de ver solo
a través de las cosas que ves en las noticias
es necesario tener arte como este
Es necesario hacer videos musicales como
que para llegar a la gente porque
crea un shock en sus mentes que no es
Realmente una de esas cosas que muchos
la gente disfruta pero es uno de esos
Cosas que mucha gente necesita porque
como bien, así que es una tragedia
esto está sucediendo un segundo no, esto es como
sistémica esto es cosas que han sido
pasando
Durante años y años y años el arte es
más efectivo que discutir con alguien
Siento que cuando alguien ve una obra de
Arte y realmente sienten el mensaje.
eso es más impactante que alguien
diciendo hey esto es lo que creo y
English:
ever gonna really acknowledge these
things so finally the music video is
making a lot of people think critically
about the issues presented which some
people think is what good art should do
why do you think that we sometimes need
aren't like this to dig deeper into our
lives versus being able to see it within
ourselves that's exactly what art is
supposed to do is to make you think it
may let you view issues in another way
that maybe you're not able to see just
through things that you see on the news
it's necessary to have art like this
it's necessary to make music videos like
that to reach out to people because it
creates a shock in their minds it's not
really one of those things that a lot of
people enjoy but it's one of those
things that a lot of people need because
like okay well that's such a tragedy
this is happening a sec no this is like
systemic this is things that have been
going on
for years and years and years art is
more effective than arguing with someone
I feel like when someone sees a work of
art and they really feel the message
that's more impactful than someone
saying hey this is what I believe and
English:
this is what I think you should do
you
Spanish:
esto es lo que creo que deberías hacer
tú
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*singing* Can you hear my neighbours playing their music?
*singing* Zim Zimma -
Can you hear that?
the gyaldem suga!
My white neighbours
Sooo... Adele
Hunnyyy
It's actually been so long since I've done a talking video
but
it's about hair sooo *laughs*
What's good guys? It's Aida and welcome back to my channel
If you're new here please subscribe
Cos my aim on this channel is to teach you how to become hairdress free
How to do your own hair, in the comfort of your own home
So make sure you turn on that notification bell
So you can be notified
every time I post
Sooo... Adele
Hunnyyy
f you can’t already tell from my accent. I was born and raised in London, England.
A lot of the viewers on my channel are actually from the States.
And that is 49.4% to be exact
When I did my first how to cornrow tutorial, I called them canerows and people in the comments section were confused as to why.
Because of this whenever I did a "How to Cornrow" tutorial after that
I always mention the fact that I may call them “canerows” in the video
But I didn't really fully understand why that was
I just knew that I grew up calling them canerows
I later realised that it was because of the major majorrr
influence the Jamaicans on the culture in London
and that even includes the way that we speak
Loads of words such as canerow, yard, crep, tune, butters, my man, shook
So many of these words came from the Jamaican diaspora
In a youtube video by Khaleel Muhammad, he claims that 80% UK slang is actually from Jamaica
Though the terms may be English in it's origin
The way that we use it the same way that it is was used in Jamaica
Ask any African living in the UK over the age of 25
If they, or anyone they knew, ever wanted to be Jamaican growing up
I'm sure you'll find a few of them
I grew up listening to music from the Caribbean. It wasn't until maybe 17 and onwards
I started to be introduced to music from different African countries
You really have to understand how deep rooted Jamaican culture is over here
In London especially, and probably throughout the UK
I was born and raised in Tottenham
Which is a part of Haringey
Which is a part of North London
A place that is currently only 22.3% white British.
Meaning that 77.7% of people living in Tottenham, most likely do not class themselves as from this land
Many schools in Haringey were majority Black.
I went to an all girls secondary/high school and I could tell you that I can probably count how many white British girls there were in my year group, on my hands
Probably even less than 10
The students were mainly from African, Caribbean and Asian descent
I had white friends who knew how to canerow their own hair, and how to canerow black girls hair
Like I mentioned in my blackfishing video
It is because they grew up amongst us all
Amongst the culture
It wasn't like they were trying to copy, or emulate or appropriate
But they were just doing what we were all doing
Adele also grew up in the culture
She was born in Tottenham like me. Then moved outside of London for a few years
Came back to London, and this time she lived in the South Side
Brixton to be exact
Also known as London’s Little Jamaica
Brixton has the largest population of Jamaicans within London
When the passengers of the cruise ship, Empire Windrush docked in 1948
Many of them ended up living in Brixton.
Adele then moved from Brixton, to nearby West Norwood
Both Brixton and West Norwood are a part of this place called Lambeth
Which is a segment of South London
Which currently has a population of 44% Black and Ethnic Minorities (BAME)
That means that almost half of the people that live in Lambeth are not white
and even more that that probably don't class themselves as English
Adele grew up in council estates, which for my American viewers is very similar to the projects
She then attended a really well known performing arts school, called The BRIT School in Croydon
Which is part of South London
Croydon has 50.7% population Black and Ethinic Minorities (BAME)
Are you seeing where I am going with this?
Now fast foward to 2020
This year... has been a madness
And it is actually the first time that the annual Notting hill Carnival has been cancelled
Since it first took place on the streets of Notting Hill in 1966
The original idea for the carnival, which was actually called the Caribbean Carnival in 1959
Was a result of race riots that happened a year before
The first Caribbean Carnival was held indoors in St Pancras Town Hall
Carnival quickly became a place were people from all cultures came to enjoy the music, the food, the vibes and the beautiful costumes
Every year people would book time off work, just so that they could go down to Notting Hill Carnival
Which is held over a bank holiday/public holiday weekend in August, on Sunday and Monday
Today would have been the second day of carnival
The Monday's are known to be the adult days
The days were everything goes mad!
Adele posted a photo of her with a Jamaican flag bikini top, carnival style feathers and bantu knots
And people, mainly African-Americans are vex
I get it
You see a white girl with a black hairstyle and you're immediately
annoyed
You're used to our culture being appropriated over
and over
and over again
But this time round you kinda have to understand the culture
You have to understand were Adele grew up
You have to understand the occasion that it is
You have to understand that many of us grew up calling bantu knots, ‘chiney bumps’ because were so influenced by Jamaican culture
She didn’t do modern day black face, nor was she blackfishing
She doesn’t rock bantu knots on a day to day basis
I understand that you may still have an issue, and it that is fine
But this is the backstory
This is why many of us in London don’t have an issue
This is why many Jamaicans don’t have an issue
Unfortunately cultural appropriation isn’t that straight forward
Unfortunately there are going to be exceptions
Unfortunately issues surrounding race change depending on location and time
I say all of this to say that, we as a people are emotionally drained
2020 has made us mourn
From start to...
Just over midway through
This year has drained us
Adele wearing chiney bumps, and a Jamaican flag during carnival weekend, isn’t something that I believe pour your energy into
Protect your spirit!
Play some soca and dance!
It's carnival weekend
Peace... Love...& Life!
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The Robot Tries to reach out for the bottle
on the table.
This test is to pour water from the bottle
to a glass
So left hand gets into position the right
hand will try to open the bottle by rotating
the cap. and get it off.
While maintaining a safe position in order
not to collide with the bottle.
the left hand will serve the bottle now inside
the glass.
and then get back into position to close back
the bottle.
the right hand already had the cap with it
, tries to close it back. and get back into
position.
left hand will put the bottle back again on
the table where it moved it at the first time.
now both hands get back
to zero position.
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We will go forward to the
Moon with technology.
Explore Moon to Mars.
We will use world-class
propulsion systems,
land spacecraft with
unparalleled precision,
and use our Moon as a
test bed for technology.
We will live, explore and
build a sustainable human presence,
using next-level
power generation systems,
breakthrough laser
communications,
and on-demand 3D printing
and manufacturing
With some of humanity's
most advanced technologies
we will use the Moon's
resources to make fuel,
deploy rovers and robots
like never before,
developing technologies
for space and our daily lives
and forge a path
to Earth-independent exploration.
Technology drives
explorations and we are driven to explore,
not
just our Moon but to Mars and beyond.
We will go forward with
American leadership in space.
Explore.
Visit: nasa.gov/moontomars
|
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One of the top conventions areas in the USA
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|
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My name is Kristala Prather, or Kris. I'm an associate professor
in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT
and today I'm going to talk to you about metabolic engineering and synthetic biology,
two fields in which I work and which have a very, very strong influence from biology.
If you think about biology in the world around you,
if you look around at nature, you'll see a lot of beauty and a lot of diversity.
You might see feathers on a peacock.
You can look at a nautilus shell
and see the structures, the symmetry, all of the details that are there.
You might look at the wing of a butterfly, for example,
and you see colors, and patterns, and lots of richness,
or even as you look at the leaf of a tree, you'll see lots of wonderful details and structures.
And all of that we see on a very large scale,
thinking about how nature gives us a lot of beauty, a lot of diversity,
a lot of function. If we actually look deeper, though, at that same leaf that came from the tree,
you'll notice that as you go closer and closer in scope,
or in scale, you'll see details that you couldn't see before.
You'll see that that leaf is actually composed of a series of individual cells,
and even within those cells, you see even smaller structures, structures we call organelles
that are all giving you this macroscopic property, or phenotype you see,
that you recognize as a leaf. And when we look at structures like this,
what we really realize is that it's really all about the DNA.
Everything that gives us what we see from nature,
that gives us the color, the structure, and the function,
the things that we think are beautiful, and the things that we think are useful,
really come back down to the DNA.
And it's really this focus on the DNA which is a hallmark of synthetic biology.
Synthetic biology has been defined in many different ways,
and it's actually interesting to think about some of the older definitions.
One of my favorite actually comes from 2000,
in a publication called Chemical and Engineering News.
And in that publication, synthetic biology was defined in the way that you can see on the screen now.
In particular, there's a focus on the use of non-natural, synthetic molecules.
That is, things that aren't really of biological origin,
and being able to use those molecules in order to give you function.
Ok, so the keys here are things being non-natural,
and the function that you would get in biological systems.
In the 10 to 15 years since this definition came out,
really synthetic biology has changed and the work that's going on in synthetic biology has become much broader.
And the definitions that are used more commonly than this first one that's given
are the following. One is that synthetic biology is the design and construction
of new biological parts, devices and systems.
And those parts, devices and systems are words that actually come from engineering.
So, one of the ways that we also think about synthetic biology, then,
is to re-design existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes,
which is really what engineering is all about.
Engineering is about design, it's about re-design, for useful purposes,
and that is, for specific applications.
So, you can see in just looking at how the definitions have changed,
from one in 2000, to the working definitions that are used more today,
we don't have to focus on unnatural pieces giving us natural or biological functions,
but rather, there's more of a focus on taking what nature has given us,
repurposing or re-using that for intentions that we as engineers
actually design.
So, for us, within what's called the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center,
this also a center in which I work,
we have what I describe as a practical definition of synthetic biology.
And that is synthetic biology is the effort to make biology easier to engineer.
And it's this fusion of engineering principles with biology
that really gives synthetic biology its heart and its purpose.
And here are some of the engineering principles that we think about as engineers.
Things like design; by design, what we mean in that case is saying,
I want to build a certain machine that has this specific function,
and I know how to draw out or sketch out a way in which I get there.
If I think about modeling in an engineering sense, modeling is really about mathematics.
That means I can write an equation that actually will support my design,
and it represents as well the understanding I have of the underlying principles
that allow me to have that design.
And then we have these principles of characterization and abstraction,
and that really means the practice of going through your design,
what you have actually designed, to the point where you build that and then you test it,
and in the process of testing it, you characterize the system as a whole,
as well as the individual parts.
And finally, abstraction means actually being able to take, now,
a larger view and if go back to my definitions of parts and devices,
it means not always having to look at the very specific level of detail,
but knowing that if I want some bigger function,
I could encode that in a simpler way.
So, the key technology in synthetic biology for all of this
is DNA synthesis.
And DNA synthesis is really about having biology or biological function
but taking a step where you really remove biology from that process.
Here's actually an example of how that works;
so if we think about biology and think about DNA,
I've already told you that all of biology is really about the underlying DNA,
there's a sequence of A's and G's and C's and T's
in the natural system that is the DNA and how those strings of nucleotides, as they're called,
are strung together, actually gives us the function that we're interested in.
So, I may study the biological system,
and then figure out, what is that sequence that gives me the function that I actually want,
or the function that I'm looking to be able to now design,
into a new system,
I can then go now to a computer, store that information digitally
and go through the design process that I talked about
where I can specify now my own sequence of those A's and G's and C's and T's,
to give me the function that I want and then rather than having to go back into the biological host,
I can take advantage of DNA synthesis to make the DNA that I want,
without actually having to go back into a biological host to do this,
but by rather recognizing that those sequences of A's and G's and C's and T's
are just chemicals and those chemicals can be synthesized without biology,
and they can be strung together without biology.
I can though, once I've made those, put those, put them back into a biological host,
and that gives me then the function, as far as biology is concerned, that I'm interested in.
So, this is a nice representation of this type of process,
from Seed magazine, this was drawn by Drew Endy,
who's now at Stanford University,
and it's just a cartoon representation of exactly what I described,
where you start at the beginning, with actually defining what that sequence is,
of the A's, the G's, the T's and the C's, from now a natural host,
you can then reconstruct those now as synthetic DNA,
and then this abstraction is actually the line that I'm crossing here,
where we think about now that I have that DNA, if you will,
encoding a function that I'm interested in,
and that may result in taking a certain input, converting it to a different output,
or stringing together different devices here now,
one that may have one function, one that has another function,
and having now a composite device,
as we would call it, that would give us this feature that we're interested in.
And I might be able to string these together in many different ways,
in order to get different kinds of functions now,
putting two devices together, or maybe multiple devices together that may give me a certain structure,
or feature, that has the function that I'm interested in.
So, if we now think about some examples of how we could make this work,
that is designing different pieces of DNA such that we put them together and get different functions,
you can see a movie that's playing on the screen now
where there are individual cells that are growing, they're dividing,
and you can see that they're actually blinking.
They're sometimes having light turned on and sometimes having light turned off.
This is actually an example of something that's called an oscillator,
that process of turning on and off means that the expression, in this case of this protein,
is oscillating. And that feature of being able to have a system now that blinks, if you will,
is something that can be encoded in the DNA,
by taking advantage of different parts,
for example, what's shown here is a Tet repressor,
a Lac repressor and a lambda repressor,
that all work together in a way that you have now a system that gives you sometimes the gene expression being on,
that is the light is on,
and sometimes the light being off.
So, this is an example of how a specific function, that is, oscillation, or blinking,
could be designed, there were models that were built in this system,
that is mathematical equations to describe how that had to happen,
and then you could actually build in those pieces with DNA,
these circles here are plasmid DNA, and the output, finally, is GFP.
And that's actually the protein that gives you the lightness or the darkness,
that is the blinking pattern.
Here's a different example of being able to string those pieces of DNA together
in order to get a particular type of function that we want,
and in this case, the goal was to have effectively a bacterial photography system.
And in this case, there was DNA taken from many different pieces,
there was something called phytochromes, or light sensors, from an organism called Synechocystis.
There was something called an osmoregulation system,
and this is really just a way to make proteins from E. coli
and then a protein called LacZ, which has really been around for quite a long time,
in biological standards, since the late 1970's,
which allows you to either have color or not have color.
And you can see now in the pictorial diagram here the way this is supposed to work
is that when light is present, you're going to have now activation of this osmoregulation system,
that gives you an output which in this case is going to be black.
If there's no light that's present, then you'll have an output that's going to be light.
So, we can have a table that's written here, that would be our design table that says,
the first condition that we want is a light condition,
and in that case the LacZ is going to be low,
and the result is a light color.
The second condition now would be a condition that's dark.
In that case, the LacZ output is going to be high, and that's actually going to give us a dark color.
How does this actually work?
Well, what you can do now is to create a mask where if you look on the left-hand side here,
what's shown is 'Hello World,' where everything now that's white would be white,
and you would actually be able to shine light through the words hello and world
and you can see next to that then the result of what happens.
When the light output was low,
you have no color, when it's high, you have a dark color,
and that actually gives you now, in bacteria, bacteria that are dark that say hello,
bacteria that are dark that say world, and will actually recapitulate, or give you that image,
much like a camera would.
Here's an example of this same system now, taking it a little bit further,
with images that are even more complex.
And you see in this case, now, from a paper published in Nature from the same group,
that you can actually end up with a picture of a bacteriophage
based on this same principle of having a mask and exposing light,
and in the places where the light is there, you have a dark color,
when it's not, you have a lighter color.
And you can even go even further and make a picture of Andy Ellington,
who is the professor in whose lab this was developed.
These are examples, now, of being able to put biology, or biological pieces together
for functions, but as engineers, we often want to think about how do we actually solve problems,
whether they be problems in healthcare, in energy or the environment.
And so I'd like give you a few examples of applications
that are emerging from synthetic biology
where researchers are actively working to build these biological systems
to address some of these global problems.
And the first example I'm going to give you is from the lab of professor Ron Weiss
who's in biological engineering at MIT,
and he's been looking at the issue of diabetes.
There are two types of diabetes: type I and type II.
In type I diabetes, what actually happens is that your body destroys
the cells that make the insulin that you need
to control your glucose levels in the blood.
And so, you may have seen an image like this before,
where patients who have diabetes have to check their blood glucose levels,
they actually have to prick themselves to extract blood,
expose that to a glucose meter, and then based on their glucose levels,
decide to dose themselves with insulin or not.
Well, if we say the problem is in the pancreas,
the question is, can you actually engineer an artificial pancreas
or engineer cells that will perform the function of the pancreas
so that you now no longer need to have this process of measuring blood glucose levels,
and then actually dosing yourself with insulin.
So, what Professor Weiss is doing is looking at engineering stem cells
to be able to stay in an undifferentiated state
to then sense when the presence of these insulin producing cells has gone very low,
and then to differentiate and produce new cells, only up to a point,
and then to stay quiet again, or quiescent,
such that you maintain this population of cells
that can spontaneously produce new insulin producing cells whenever your body needs them.
That's an application in health.
There are other applications, for example, in the environment,
and this is actually a significant problem in agriculture,
which is that you have to provide a lot of nitrogen
to plants in order to get them to grow.
Proteins, for example, have a lot of nitrogen in them, and so it's necessary to provide that
because it can be difficult to actually extract it in a way that's usable.
But it turns out that there are certain organisms that will actually live on the roots of plants
that have the ability to fix nitrogen, that means they can take nitrogen from the atmosphere,
and convert it into the kind of nitrogen which is useful for plants.
And so Professor Chris Voigt, who's in biological engineering at MIT
has been looking at whether or not you could take that ability to fix nitrogen, as we call it,
that is to take nitrogen out of the atmosphere and put it into a usable form for plants,
can you actually take that capacity from these microorganisms and put it directly into the plants
so that you actually have a need for much less fertilizer in the environment.
Here's a third example of a way that now a group of students
were looking at using synthetic biology to be able to really address a critical problem in both health and the environment.
And this is actually part of the iGEM program, you can see the URL for that at the bottom of the screen,
where iGEM stands for international genetically engineered machines
and the iGEM competition is an opportunity for students from all over the world to come together
and decide for themselves, here's a problem that we want biology to try to solve
and then to go through this process of designing, modeling, characterizing and building these systems
to see if they can address those problems.
The University of Edinburgh iGEM team in 2006
decided to try to tackle the problem of groundwater contaminated by arsenic in Bangladesh.
They studied the problem, found that it really is significant,
in terms of a lot of the groundwater being contaminated
and there not being really any easy systems for villagers to know whether or not a source of water
was safe to drink or not.
So, they decided to take pieces from biology that naturally responded to arsenic
and to build a sensor that would tell them whether or not there was arsenic in the water or not.
And it was actually designed after something you may have seen,
which is just a sensor that tells you, for example, the chlorine level and the pH level in a pool.
The idea being that you could take a sample of water, you could add now this sample of bacteria,
E. coli in this case, that could detect the arsenic.
If the arsenic was present at a certain level, the colors would become very bright,
and you would know that that water was not safe to drink.
Now, I want to actually switch gears a little bit and talk about metabolic engineering,
which is an area that's been around for awhile,
but we're increasingly seeing a merger between principles of metabolic engineering and those of synthetic biology.
And metabolic engineering is really about the fact
that biology is very good at doing chemistry;
that is, from biological systems, you can get a wide range of chemical molecules
that have useful functions. And I've shown two of them here.
The first one is called caspofungin, and then there's another one that's shown here that's called lovastatin.
Caspofungin is actually an antifungal organism, that is, it's used to treat fungal infections,
and lovastatin is one of the first cholesterol lowering drugs.
So, you've heard about statins, perhaps, and there are lots of them now,
but lovastatin was one of the first that was discovered.
Both of these are naturally produced by biological systems
and they've been very useful as natural products, we would call them in this case,
to have therapeutic functions. And traditionally, when we think about biology being used for chemistry,
it's usually for molecules like this.
If you look at caspofungin, for example, you can see that it has complexity
both in terms of just the number of atoms that it has, it's a pretty big molecule,
and then you'll also see a lot of these hydroxyl groups, you'll also see chiral centers,
which are shown now by the bold, or the arrows that go back and forth.
And so traditionally, if you think about how synthetic chemistry works
it's not that chemistry can't make a molecule like that,
but the yields would be very low, it would take a large number of steps
to get to that compound, whereas you have a biological organism
that can make these molecules very easily.
And so it's molecules like this that traditionally have been made by biology.
Now, I want to introduce as well a couple of other molecules, one being an amino acid, glutamic acid,
and the other being an organic acid, malic acid.
And these are also molecules that biology can make efficiently
using biological means as opposed to chemistry.
And what I mean by that is they can be produced commercially through fermentation.
So, you have an organism that's capable of making these compounds,
you can grow them up in very large quantities,
and now you have a product that you can bring to market.
What's true about all of these molecules is that they are produced by organisms
that naturally make them and the goal when metabolic engineering first arose
was to figure out how do you actually get these organisms
to do what they do better.
And better, in an engineering extent means to make more of the molecule, to make it faster,
and to make it more efficiently and the efficiency part, it's typically considered as yield.
That is, how much of the starting material that goes into the system
ends up in the product that you're interested in.
So, I have a graduate student who once came up with this analogy, or this cartoon,
to describe how metabolic engineering actually works in terms of improving these natural producers.
And what you see here is a maze, where you have this poor mouse, Wemberly,
that's lost its pet rabbit Petal, and Wemberly has to figure out how to get to Petal.
And you can see, as with any maze, there are a number of different starting points
that the mouse could use in order to get to the end point.
However, we know not all of those are going to be productive.
So, with metabolic engineering, what you want to do is to remove those routes
that are going to be non-productive.
That means to actually knock out, or delete, competing pathways.
Pathways that would actually take your substrate, your intermediate or your carbon
a place that you don't want it to go.
The other thing that you might want to have in order to have this faster objective met
is a little bit of a stimulation or motivation
for the enzymes to be overexpressed.
And overexpressing those enzymes, you can increase the amount of a limiting enzyme
in order to get more of that through the system.
And now again, in our cartoon fashion, what that means is encouraging the mouse to run a little bit faster
and to get through the maze quicker than it otherwise would.
So, I finally want to introduce just as background two other molecules that are interesting
both from a metabolic engineering and a synthetic biology standpoint.
And these are 1,3-propanediol and artemisinic acid
and you can see on the slide the uses for them.
1,3-propanediol, or PDO, as it's called, is an industrial chemical that's also used for materials production,
and artemesinic acid is a precursor to an anti-malarial drug.
Now, these are also compounds that are produced by biology,
meaning that we can make them through fermentation,
that is growing up a large number of microorganims to produce the compound that we're interested in.
They're also natural products, meaning that they're naturally produced by organisms.
But the difference between these two molecules and the first four examples that I gave
is that those molecules are produced naturally by one particular host,
but it's actually a different host that's been able to be used to have them produced economically.
And this allows us now to think about that DNA that we talked about, in terms of moving that around,
to be able to move it to reconstitute natural pathways in heterologous hosts,
or in hosts that don't normally contain that pathway.
Here's actually an example of doing just this thing.
So, the artemisinic acid that I told you about is a precursor to the drug that's shown here,
which is called artemesinin. It's naturally produced in a plant that's called Artemisia annua
and the goal is to be able to have, rather than that plant, a yeast cell
make this same compound. The reason for that is that you can put yeast cells into a factory
that looks much like factories that you may have seen before,
or, if you think about yeast and fermentation, this might actually be a brewery,
or a beer manufacturing unit.
And you can't take plants and actually scale them up in that same way.
Instead, you have to plant plants in the ground,
and wait for the proper amount of sunlight and nutrition in order for them to grow.
So, if my goal is to actually have a compound that's produced in Artemisia annua,
to have that be produced in a yeast, so that I can put it into a factory,
what that really means is identifying the DNA that encodes for those enzymes
that gives me the chemical that I'm interested in. I now can go through this process that I talked about before,
of sequencing that DNA and then synthesizing the DNA to get just those pieces that I need,
and then I can move that DNA now into my unnatural, or my heterologous host,
and that host, once it's properly engineered, is able to make the compound that I'm interested in,
and I can actually grow it up now in a large factory.
And this is work that's been done by Professor Jay Keasling, in chemical engineering at UC-Berkeley.
So, the work that's done in my lab is really focused on expanding this capacity of biology
to do chemistry. And we're motivated by the diagram that's shown here,
where if we think about the materials that we get in our world today,
where they come from and what they're used for, most of it comes from crude oil as the input,
and the outputs are things that you're familiar with, which include fuels,
which I think is mostly what we think about in terms of oil being used for,
but also quite a large bit of petrol chemicals.
And these are actually the molecules, olefins and aromatics are highlighted here as examples,
that are used for polymers, for resins, for adhesives, et cetera.
That is, those are molecules where the chemicals that are being produced
are being used for their mass properties, or their properties as chemicals
and not for their energetic properties, which is what we use them for for fuels.
And we've talked a lot in this country and across the world
about replacing crude oil as the input for this process,
and instead we can think about creating what we might describe as a bio refinery,
where the input in that case, rather than being oil, is glucose or other sugars,
that might come from biomass, in the same way that we now want to be able to make biofuels,
we want to be able to make more chemicals,
that is, the same chemicals that give us the function that we're used to from petrochemicals,
we want to be able to access those from biomass as well.
In the second part of my talk, I'm actually going to give you examples from my lab,
where we focus on exactly this, that is, building new kinds of chemical molecules
from biology in different ways that really take advantage of the key principles of synthetic biology,
but also are very firmly rooted within metabolic engineering as well.
So, this is actually our vision of how that happens, this is a cartoon representation from an artist at MIT,
where really what we're looking at doing in expanding the capacity of biology to do chemistry,
is to think about these microbes as they were, this is an E. coli representation,
as little chemical factories, where we can now, inside the cell, engineer different pathways
to make different products and that same image that I showed you before
of a large factory, we can think about that on a greatly, greatly magnified scale
or a greatly miniaturized scale, I should say, in terms of having now small microbes give us this same capacity.
So, let me give you my final thoughts about the field of synthetic biology
and a little bit about metabolic engineering. Synthetic biology is a very diverse field
and it's actually composed of very diverse individuals as well,
and so people like myself, who work in metabolic engineering are in that field,
those who are trained as electrical engineers, as computer scientists, as biological engineers,
as physicists, they are a lot of different people in this area who are looking at how do you actually use DNA
in order to get important functions of interest to solve the problems that we have to solve in the world.
The problems that are being worked on are very diverse problems;
I gave you examples that come from health, from the environment, from energy,
and again, this diverse set of people are working on this diverse set of problems
and are also taking diversity of approaches towards solving those problems.
And I would say that the goal for all of us as we go through this
is to actually make biology easier to engineer,
so that we really can bring solutions to some of our most pressing global problems.
In the second half of my talk, I'll talk much more about examples from my lab,
but this is my overview for metabolic engineering and for synthetic biology.
|
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Two-third of the Nepalese population depends on agriculture.
Moreover, agriculture is predominantly climate-dependent.
In both cases, if there is less rain or if there is heavy rain the agriculture sector is heavily affected.
Since agriculture sector is highly dependent on climatic factors,
climate change have high impact on agricultural development of the country.
The growing trend toward industrialization is directly affecting the environment and agriculture is one of the most affected sectors.
Majhthana VDC is facing several problems.
We don’t have enough water to cultivate rice.
During the harvest season, hail storms damage the crops.
Floods and landslides are more frequent and make it difficult to live in our houses.
Floods and landslides also affect transportation.
Before we could work easily in the day, but now we feel scorching heat.
The amount of rainfall and the intensity seem to have increased, which makes it more difficult to work.
Climate Smart Agriculture is one way to minimize these kind of effects of climate change in agriculture.
Plastic pond make it easier to cultivate vegetables like cauliflower and cabbage.
Plantation in plastic house is also difficult due to water problem.
With the water we collect in the pond, we can cultivate tomatoes very conveniently.
Before, we used to fetch water from the river and cultivated few vegetables.
We could not produce this many vegetables before.
Now, with the convenience of water in the pond,
Before, we could not cultivate these many kinds of vegetables.
Now, with availability of water we have been able to cultivate diverse vegetables.
And also been able to sell the surplus vegetables such as tomato, bitter gourd and sponge gourd...
and earned about 4,600 rupees.
Before, it rained until September/October but now it is dry in July/August.
We are using tap water brought from water source very far away.
The water in tap lasts for 2-3 hours in the morning.
Around 13-14 houses use water from the tap.
We face a problem collecting water.
We don’t have any other water sources.
It takes about one and a half hours to fetch water from the nearby water sources.
Earlier, there was not enough water for drinking,
so there is no question of using it for agriculture.
The rainwater is collected here,
and the water is used for household chores like washing utensils.
The water used for washing utensils are collected in the plastic pond.
The collected water is used for the irrigation of the crops.
This tank has helped us a lot.
Using the Multiple Use Water System, we have been able to implement a “1 house/1 tap” programme among fifteen households.
The objective of initiating this project is that...
we can use the water for household chores and agriculture...
so we can cultivate more fresh vegetables to eat and sell the surplus to earn income.
We had to fetch water from places far from the house...
and carry it in gagri in Doko.
We were not able to sleep well because we had to be engaged in threshing, grinding and collecting water.
Now, we don’t have to thresh rice.
There are mills. It is easy.
There are taps in each house.
Now we can cultivate vegetables in every season.
We can also provide water to our cattle.
Through this programme we have been able to improve our livelihood and live more happily.
It is now easier for women.
We used to water the plants using jugs earlier.
We did not use pipes for irrigation.
We used to cultivate fewer vegetables, only what was necessary.
With the solar pump and drip irrigation,
it has been much easier to provide adequate water to our crops.
In less time with less water, we are irrigating many places with the help of drip irrigation.
It is much easier than before.
In less time with less water, we are able to irrigate more land.
So this technology is comparatively efficient.
We need to buy pipes and drums so there will be a little more expenditure.
There is a need for more money in this system...
but as it is very efficient, it will definitely be more effective in the long run.
It helps to protect from wind, rain, fungus and hailstones.
After observing this, we really find this to be very good.
I cultivated cucumbers and earned two to four thousand rupees.
We are growing and selling tomatoes.
In a week, we sell about 15 to 20 kilograms.
We have to calculate the total amount earned later.
We have high hopes for this tomato crop.
Before, we constructed cattle sheds using mud.
There were small pits formed by livestock urination.
It war very difficult and time consuing to clean the shed.
With project support, we have plastered the floor.
The shed looks cleaner than before.
There are no pits anymore.
It's easier to keep the cattle and takes less time to manage.
It takes less time than before to clean the shed.
I really like it.
Before we improved cattle shed management,
the urine was not managed well either and got wasted,
making our backyard dirty.
Now, we collect and use urine by mixing it with water and spraying it on the vegetables.
The vegetables are growing well and are less affected by disease and pests.
So, it is very useful!
I have been using this service since last year.
There is information about the weather and market prices for vegetables in Narayanghat.
While cultivating Chaitye dhan (Rice) and during the harvest season,
my neighbours come to me and ask about the weather,
“Is it going to rain?”
My nephew called me to ask about the weather when he was about to harvest Chaitye dhan.
I looked for the details and told him not to harvest that day because rain was forecast.
I told him to harvest after three days.
He did not harvest and the information was accurate.
It rained that day!
We look for the market price of the vegetables like tomatoes on our mobile phones.
If the market price of the nearest market is good, we will decide to take it there and sell them.
Since we have prior information of weather,
we cultivate rainfed crops based on weather forecast.
We collect water and then only cultivate crops when it is appropriate.
Other weather information such as thunderstorm has also helped us to take precautions while outside.
Things have improved a lot after installing the solar irrigation system.
It is very easy and convenient now.
It was very difficult before.
We had to wait for water all night.
Sometimes we did not get our turn in the queue.
We had to queue till midnight.
For cultivating, we depended on rainfall,
otherwise we had to buy water.
We have little water sources here since the river is usually dry.
This area is quite dry.
Now, we have cultivated all this area using the solar pump.
Activities such as preparing nursery beds is also done using the solar pump for water.
We have been sharing it and expanding the area of cultivation.
When there is sunlight, you can use it whenever you want.
Now, all of us can use it whenever needed.
Our daily activities are not affected like before when we only had to focus on irrigation.
The installation of solar irrigation is progressing in Aghyauli, Rajahar, Tamasariya and Narayani...
getting financial and technical support from LI-BIRD...
and resources sharing from community and District Agriculture Development Offices.
Farmers really like it,
and it is environmentally friendly.
The District Agriculture Development Offices are also working to develop programmes like this.
It is not important to just develop a technology.
It is another challenge to make the technology accessible to farmers.
That is why we are prioritising both developing technology...
and providing the technologies to farmers.
These issues are also the top concerns of this project.
Many climate smart technologies can be promoted through the market.
Zero Tillage Machine is an example.
If the government provides some subsidies for zero tillage,
the farmers will be able to adopt it.
Another scaling up strategy would be Agriculture Extension.
There is a need for training farmers.
For example, there are knowledge related technologies...
such as Improved Cattle-shed and Farm Yard Manure preparation,
where you don’t have to buy anything.
That could be scaled up through Agriculture Extension.
Other technologies can be implemented through small changes in policy.
To mitigate the negative impacts of climate change in agriculture,
the Government of Nepal, especially the Ministry of Agriculture Development,
has been collaborating with organizations such as...
LI-BIRD, CCAFs and CDKN on Climate Smart Agriculture.
The approach of Climate Smart Agriculture and Climate Smart Villages is highly relevant.
Some of such technologies are being introduced in the government system already...
and more will be implemented in the future.
There will be improvements in policies...
and new knowledge will be included in university curriculums.
We at Ministry are mainstreaming CSA and CSV...
through our formal extension system, and we are planning to implement it in larger communities.
To implement the new Agriculture Development Strategy, policy is not enough.
To reach out to a larger population,
these technologies proven by the project and methodologies developed need to be used at a national level.
If agriculture is to feed Nepal’s population,
then our agriculture must become climate smart.
|
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AND EGAN MAN IS GETTING
NATIONAL ATTENTION FOR THE
CREATIVE WAY HE'S DEALING WITH
ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF OWNING
A DOG.
HE CAME UP WITH A WAY TO
KEEP HIS DOG FROM SQUIRMING
WHILE HE TRIMMED HIS NAILS.
CHECK OUT OLIVER WHO IS IN AN
OLD PURSE.
PATRICK'S DAUGHTER POSTED
PICTURES OF THIS ON TWITTER AND
WITHIN DAYS IT WENT VIRAL.
ANGELA DAVIS SHOWS US HOW THIS
CREATION CAME ABOUT.
Reporter: OLIVER IS A
SPIRITED THREE-YEAR-OLD RESCUE
DOG AND PATRICK AND HIS FAMILY
WELCOMED HIM INTO THEIR HOME.
Reporter: HOW TO DESCRIBE
HIS PERSONALITY? HE IS KIND
OF LAZY, HE SLEEPS A LOT, AND
HIS FAVORITE THING IS THE BED.
Reporter: HE DOES NOT LIKE
GETTING HIS NAILS TRIMMED. SO
THE FIRST TIME MY DAUGHTER HELD
HIM WHILE I TRY TO CLIP HIS
NAILS AND IT JUST DID NOT GO
WELL BECAUSE HE WAS SQUIRMING
AROUND.
|
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HI folks, we actually do have one more
thing to do in Chapter 12. We'll call
this twelve, part three. We haven't
discussed the long run, essentially if
firms are making profits should they try to
get bigger.... and when they're all profit
maximizing and trying to choose the
optimal scale in the long run what does
that look like??? Most folks are going to
tell you the perfect competition is in
fact the ideal for efficiency. You're
going to get productively efficient
outcomes and allocatively efficient outcomes. So I'll show you real
quickly why everyone thinks that's going
to be the case. In order to attack this
problem we're going to have to revisit
economies of scale. If you'll recall
sometimes a firm getting bigger would
actually improve its long-run average
costs ,so throughout this green region
here as you get larger your average
costs are improving... and in this flat
spot you actually have constant returns
to scale and constant returns to scale
means you get bigger but your costs
aren't getting any better.... and then over
here you're going to have decreasing
returns to scale and decreasing returns
to scale clearly implies that getting
bigger makes your average costs worse.
So if you're in a position where you're
making profits and getting bigger can
actually lower your cost structure why
would you not do that??? That's what we're
going to talk about. Okay, so let's go
ahead and take a look at a situation
where you have a price that is plenty
large enough to generate profits and you
can see that if you draw in a short run
average total cost and a marginal cost
to go with it... (and let's say that this is
one possibility here on your lrac)... you
can see that your Q star as suggested by
the intersection between price and
marginal cost is going to generate
profit. You're going to have a revenue
box that is larger than your total cost
box. The difference between the two of
them
is going to be your profits. Well if
you're making profits but you can make
this same quantity in a more
cost-effective way by increasing your
scale... right?... down here this point
suggests that there is a way to produce
that quantity at a lower average total
cost.....You're going to want to do that.
You're going to want to buy the extra
machines, the factory space, whatever it
may be and you'd lower your overall
average total costs. This would expand
your profit box of course. Now expansion
can increase profits if it lowers ATC,
because what we're talking about really
here is you would switch from ATC zero
here and all the sudden now you would be
at an ATC that's much lower, right? In
fact you may even choose to go further
than this... you may choose to expand clear
out to here, right? The whole point is that there's
options to expand and keep lowering your
costs at high prices that's really
attractive.
Okay
in our last slide we started to
recognize that any firm that was making
profits at the going market price would
start to recognize that if there were
economies of scale that they could take
advantage of they were going to want to
expand and the ATC was going to start
dropping. As that firm expands you're
going to see more supply in the market
and I want you to remember also that the
perfectly competitive firm.... there are no
barriers to entry that protect them. Anyone
can join this market that wants to, so
you should totally expect imitators... and
when people start to imitate and join
your market you are going to end up with
more supply.... and more supply of course
means that we should expect lower prices.
So price starts falling and that's okay
this firm is still making money.... they're
still profiting and in fact they're
still actually saying this looks pretty
good to me. I think that I'm going to
expand some more, because if I expand
some more I'm actually going to be able
to jump out and I'm going to be able to
get my ATC to go even lower.... So they may
choose to expand so more, and other firms
may look around and say these guys are
still making profits. I think I'm going
to actually join that market as well. And
so as you have people that continue to
join this market you're going to see
that the supply keeps getting pushed out
and the price keeps falling.... and as the
price continues to fall you may end up
with a situation where you're in
breakeven.... doesn't matter.... even if you're
breaking even you still want to get
bigger if by getting bigger you can
lower your cost structure. This firm and
every other firm is going to continue to
keep entering and entering in at larger
scales until there is no way to improve
on the average total cost structure, the
LRAC
Finally once you have enough of these
folks who have entered in you are going
to see that the supply curve has jumped
out and the price is driven down to the
absolute lowest that it can possibly go.
I shouldn't say possibly, it's the lowest
price that can be acceptable to firms in
the long run, because of course at this
lowest price here, what we have is
situation where the firm is breaking
even. You would have in essence a revenue
box that was equal to your total cost
box. Zero profits means that no other
firm is going to want to join anymore. this does not look like an attractive market
to enter, and at this point we've got a
couple of nice things going for us. We
have driven our price down to its
absolute lowest possible spot.
We have also at the same time driven our
quantity out as far as it can possibly
go. So this situation is really
attractive to the economists, because
once profits equal zero (at this point)
you've got a couple of things happening.
Your price is actually P star because it
is the minimum price that keeps these
firms around. It's also the lowest
possible cost for producing this product,
because you reach the minimum of your
LRAC.
Therefore, it is productively efficient.
It is also the minimum of your ATC, so you
know they're breaking even;
hence, the profit equaling zero... and it's
still equal to MC so it's allocatively
efficient. The last unit generated a
benefit (as expressed by the price) that
was equal to the marginal costs that
were required to create it. So it's
allocatively efficient, productively
efficient, and firms have essentially
exhausted all of their possible options...
right? There at the best scale they can get to.
This is long-run equilibrium.
|
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what is going on everybody
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something
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Salinas cash registers to a
customs and if idea might of
it might as well for me
to delay reach at we hardly as I
like user restaurante leakage
and everything is being blown
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can't believe I know how much of
a legitimate event
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you how EL believe me that was
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study is not the player body
to know he is running the
canister
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scale
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the mess up and take the helm of
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will be any bandages for NATO's
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fees have a fair halt my
teammates bush's brothel and
have the light into the bushes
in San
all they also increasing drops
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the forest in between all of us
if it has allowed into the
forest is a blue jacket attack
and it's got a walking between
those two discounted and only
god can use a psychopath man
walked and the ones have to open
the lie all men are going
you're doing it is the view
is away like nine people are no
ice of a David things off and
summon all are the lawyers
working as
a runoff I have the words of
your setup
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needed some anno
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and
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gallon
all told
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much
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the West L.a.
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killed in the
aloha
ghost of women
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in the monetize I got the way we
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along this memo did it as a
resource is pretty much
faster circles
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at all city might be a little
too fast or anyone in jail.
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two Federal cents
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shreds in this game of the
author of the awesome and Amazon
zoltan signs all Openview Touche
reminded its
what's hot and if you come
calling tenant
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me that the man
was killed both the boys elite I
was just three games
as new bow blitz or nicer rights
to th that he was awesome it
solace and so fast that the
border destroys boys
which means you cannot live
outside the circle are actually
played here but decent election
in
U.S.
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, Dr. Anton
bill this only old volume of
9948 volume was going on was
read it will sell out will sell
offering
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that so we can like for playing
to a mentally and ago
when Willie and I tells us the
best rated into the data storm
is that allow people to the use
of like the fact the canyon sort
but until that happens if
the judges while and
foremost a billion and all I
never told novels like many
years and times of my plate was
here to
level that would a default
notice
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you kill me until I amply HIV
journal from the
football teams and audiences are
uneasy 9 to 19 as I die so the
saint
of the dead of as a GC in about
the life of cable DDS
appointment of NDS body as I
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shows, at the pregame rest of
the U.S. and
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like to get the kind
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share
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all the drop was 120 a shot of
the new tactical the only time
that contact it's insane
, a 45 seconds
of storm is moving an eye to go
any of the time I thank you very
your nozzle Oslo bird
young would the money would be
better
a bad colleges mail
as a steal at
the top 10 money
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bold eyebrow that got an
just a move OK, Juliet
all died that superman
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can't only been in a homey
for
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teammates he's been
of a knot in my life to date we
are ago
become one
is the nation's foreign
at him three times a Cisco
Desormeaux circle
, Norman
and Bach and Erp rollback E and
fifth. I know where he was added
for a second cell's look at any
given a tour to go into the
league and I set of attack on
as I get that if fields list was
a little does so fast it and so
on sack full of lint acronym of
body was going
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its blitz mode and squads is no
difference between boxes caught
up with the raises the game over
everything is like pretty much
bigger for my tenant times abide
too so everything for telecaster
to the circles as much to the
supply the senate in everything
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minutes of us with some
again to
the bee dead
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shooting a
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again
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really bad
combo go back to back away
from him a circle
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Rangers running for the circle
legality but is rethinking dying
use the left will have the UAL
think as a prom
Atty. as I know unless I like
this on your cooling game play
were never sure
idle the army
Oakland hills southeast
down as much a limp as a window
for
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a charade of an active as native
of five
and got a good team eight
over this was a tent city
a clue circles of 25 from us
that they can
of a competitive old nice and
one AR much your stack boys
when I was a land
of finding a likable say to a
chess benefit that if the two
jets wilder of the same
only of four rockets
because when you place a
saying the things we want
anything
to be sent
was it was a very
to 1/2 smack my head on the
three guitars was at point Loma
safe
of the idea right is
a guess, get them to for
Canadian
all shyness ever know
what pushes guys I am not turn
back in one script of care
you'll
as get
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knocking over here
as no others
call us at and they use a
alls last game
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right there is
, this
whole
lotta loudoun game of
housing title itself
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act
all my
if an out of the league's daily
and design at a boys
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it until each other
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regulator of
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light
of that event
no list until be viewed itself
as
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off
off
your life, and
all of the man
and wife us until tunes like 10
guys it's awful
of a anno shields against couple
rock is a gap that base was
knighted by editors and settings
on the
refuses dropping like Frick and
flies Perot
got
hit 800 break
notion pots
the men
despite low shot and shot are
the team and
then it
all off by circuit in as little
as a Seattle of IDs to streaming
into the EPA on weight all tests
of all the U.S.
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heard
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the peace even every have
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control of our
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wanted
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the scoring
that have opened the scoring
all we got the hell you brother
are all share a share of
allowed
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Susan off
its learn a whole health bills
novel will look to see where
half
did all play on the issue lasers
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a whole icon just rolling do
that that was his list of stream
I do not condone anything
happening in the scorn of a
fine until we do
I sign a
waffle plan a honestly audio
player now in an era
in
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the
do what
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was in the shop,
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pressing points off a careless a
fifth and th
in
fine on a plate club dues
greater than for the do not I
regret and hope that if
they just had an enclave, like
the board only like I was
possibly make every game is all
ages sox if there was so good
that
what has rattled please
homer in god and
the lovely duos if if that just
if
Dallas on joins yesterday that
all my eight on channel these
are now signing the event URL
just don't like enough not to
ban as
a cert
buy meals play with the team a
leader and if those custom a
crazy so this resort in the
month of the fire started this
goes
on the blitz is a sponsor me
of a
was on joyce's which is
attacked and all the
encounter
and everyone wanted
to give
this is a just a game of 40
briefly tent reserve your Mac
salute
and troll up a bit
if there's an idle prenuptial
and 19 states did not the
in
the care you do
to fifth all but have any effect
on the circle yet
all duties and save
data inside 9:50 seconds was
this
by Kersey any as insane
had twice throughout his
Haiti La as did
the two were bought the diet
half that
and
the rockets
to 15th
of them I've
a
automated tells the user
to have off
to if the fifth and
to one to lead the state's
banking
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the meaner
half and if desired all material
table at a
custom press only
to elian and that while the loss
and
III 1 boy designer
of this left to and it's
all issue of our Atty. is
upbeat on also pressing issue
wasn't given this is another
to half that if
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the believing it wants the
dialer believe in the hands of a
because of their time into China
record right now on his Allies
face as a lever whether China
records so is the guy on the
Times' the way the game unless,
as is a fine people left
obviously the Fairwood but
dislike this as a
move of an
IP and a
was added a new game of just
everything twice as fast
double the materials, which as a
live-and
to doze off and mike as the
meaning of life at the Anna Liu
December hole to
OK guys ready as mentioned
Bobbie Eller Ito
go to Moscow to denounce
Montaigne
to monetize a lady
on a strolling in Soviet
staff that one of the dad if
the loss of you ought
to the bronze
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fifth of his top as good
if half and get off to a
site
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a runaway basis to a
wish
right, get
to and what a day of her life
into effect if the eight classic
thing if concentrate my boat
filled out a yearlong plant and
Don Carlos Ickes
and we bought his half-flopping
and
what are the only everybody
right now selling squads are on
the site plan does run around
to an
old ones Miami
on one exit mcguffin of a second
all president and
water at
all and all was wary of
invoice
the king and
when my age, she from their
allotted to an
and deer and its walls goal
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of environment in a similar to
which fits to the saint
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road and rose another if that
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is loaded their saddest of limp
all's well that
your team's trash to 50 if the
domain of installment of all his
shoulders, then we love Laughlin
the moment
what don't
if-you know the ban people from
you to
or dealing
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see any sympathy update
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longer one
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work
to activity that if
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dazzler trump tower
of a
car bomb clock tower break it
effect on TV is a good
bond light of these break your
money buys
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mean
which I write for second
or L
you're gonna love and delimited
brought as resource on the state
but
the ally of 500 all myself if
the health and well
what elementary way water was
all your idea right
away to one side and are
the
if
you allow madonna sell it to be
one that
to if they have an
ethical and little shack are in
the right
to some juice
, all of their miles as many as
we would have the ideas to go
tilted
a vendetta of the
womb
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dow's wooden bows with it
the very much the city was a
great
if
water where are you calling
right here are
a lot when a
to
date had loaded on have 15
handle and let me I need any
three was the shock of
the firefighters and the answer
will present a list of many
decorator
me as a son here
it was right at him and
the San
Yu Taylor will take that as
a way to cook until after there
is
any daughter five
to
the fraction fifth bottler $1.00
bill to update if if that if
I
press and were you don't
have died in 1990 and
what a toss
to present
can yell to one
by one of the decision-making
yes sir
, Weisman
to hohensee four balls and
the hostile node and is the sea
floor and Wesley play the title
diaz's Cadiz
water really
tough and
Dole out out
if fifth and if if if if you
don't have an imposter if
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see $3.00 yearly facility and
island avenue office
as acting as having
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fifth off the law permits
and have an added to the U.S.
and the message of Temples of
Soros
us it bought the old
then when I spy trap what
happened and what other DDE yet
again for a
half
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addresses or are you
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user of honors
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away what
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a
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action that may have more houses
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signed off
the smallpox and a lot of
an
is on top of the brick would be
tossed out average of
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bustle of
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if-if-it out in July of that
when you a lot of the Kissimmee
got a lot of water out of
billboards tell
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thing of the
double as a walk to and
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that if
users on users
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away from those much for its
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see
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people
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cop unlike
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lev Ivanov is now in
the nominee of this
will
build a structure in which
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fifth
half the fifth
and
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after the first five shrink or
despite damage its 32nd
sensation in its Lillian same
of the past
month into the past and if it
to it and
if effect if that
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for that
others is no chance
of winning both ended
to
roses the most awkward like if
it's true he wondered if if if
this figure that one thing
if if if if we'll hit the mine
data was on the party leaders
wife died on the island told him
as the one play
every sorry tale
and to be fair to salty freeze
the Alex 60 people are
down some nuns Leno
and to
what
all those are the targets are
the challenges is a win like
that of
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washcloth as many as
to what is a history
is history
buyout
to have an
intelligent use
or SS trained as straight as at
the night or interact and
religious images to get
by Vermeer from a
data I have nothing in
one of my mama
by visiting on
the list also was shot
data and
attacks that have an NT,
although not correct
as one aide
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head
and I got a lot of hurdles at
eight and
it's been the most and singing
buzzer as the reference
as is the guy on the
SMS of
loan
than
war here tonight the F.W. Mary
to an ill of an
ms Irvine here and that is
what I need any any
doubt of
that
fifth
is that
we ought to witnesses earlier
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miss it became
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and
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wares about
on top of the sea
way of the right to write
into one does you to
die dusty
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in
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about a lot out
of scale
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we all nice designers up
to 50 and
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telling all sides over
by a sniper shot me to 25 north
is the smut and
to
the grass and
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of Chirac it's
the Herrera and
by five
at Watson was lost and
fully blown
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where Arthur when Arthur
and
doesn't
all guys fight over money can't
buy the cover
yet the fighting
the enemy that
ground for a fifth and to it and
you I doubt that slurp on the
press and
a weight or selling up as a
server here by us
on a sign
that the supply done so far away
the ball where here's the
death of a free but
in another slower
and
if the hot and the half that if
the haft if not happen at Holton
wolf and is there
to Hafif and that if that if
this isn't a very honest and
jumped back
a SLA to an all out in the class
drought Allies
stay at home and
that to
them and threw me don't
will star
copper bowl assaulted
to half the fat and an
average of their
to half that if if if if if
young guys are in the supply the
jockeys a jump and we're here
is that of the colors gatherings
calling for balls
on ads on the hill and assign
us on the wheel rocky watch me
to
it and I'll tell you where every
rocky road retail
and
our team and of
course, none of
us have an egg and Taiwan didn't
deny holes and is made up as an
aide Paul Hsu we aren't always
, for all people not have
another thing
you'll see it
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to people of
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you add them at the Max game
time that in this game of his 15
minutes later, circle likens
selling itself aren't
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of no other job data in this
gracious
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of us are five
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ways to wait with the trick is,
of the supplied up
to trap of data border
and
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others donated
if
if
a law that banned that if if
they have a base and wishing to
if brought think I saw like 15
john pads they came
as up to those are so flawed
as gold
and all its squab as it
is a squad's there's a blitz
if it would be willing
are supplied us a point
of shoot
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the on
wall will allow plan your key
point
at suite
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fifth place the remaining yelled
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terminal stages of the one of
the 11th of the U.S.
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last game
the back as often as the infant
is also a boys
week local some say
that isn't a pretty good for me
if an office full Senator Phil
Iraq your ideals is jumping the
team at the king is a jump as a
self on grow only anything the
store everyone's I'm out
competent as the enough of a
star we mean estimate me out
all body of
the soul many of the play was
laid a full team
, to a second box
a risk and
that is up
Los Kelly
pokey scares customer of Lani
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that, as
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online as an ADP the fiesta's
bottles and clicked and
had fully mysteries his head and
that an
as-you hear a lot of
notice the Dalles a pigpen the
way you've somehow there's a
dozen register call Piggly
wiggly without
bobby and
that this guy is actually the
swimming in
Alza say
it can
exhaust even $10.00 and seven
to an office coast fifth and if
they have been
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you I wish it was a demo the
sensitivity setting for
a blitz, added to such thing as
one
big site dependable timeline
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net
11 Jackie Chan
, December
fifth
as insane
hasn't felt I would rate of the
files. The
limit of
the house had no one gets
I'd love I love the job
very happy five
th and
the two
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the ozone is the
whites go two the mall
to hire
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pot luck
by
ways and the Isa can be anywhere
on
the relay in the trees as a city
like Thailand like in a building
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I place like three a stray and I
was like two and a scene three
decades
to
the living room and
as if the divine across a street
auld back Ashok Ira boys
as a lucky guy
do we have a shiny is an ability
to laugh off line
is that there were losses, and
the building at
bass guess is another lover
a Liu father
are still out
to
a hotel
and W and sewer leader these
guys are other Montana is to
them on
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if his fist if that
the worst effect of hope that an
old Glory
unifies a new candidate, sleet
and that your family
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time be better
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are huge
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if it
the debt
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is pretty well known
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opportunity to welcome
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at a house on a limb of us to be
for the ethical building
are
along and home
walk when I'm at Meta I may have
done as a photo on the telegrams
and maybe a blue screen address
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screen on foot after he lifted
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actually is so sad
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day and
at nine and
in a celebrated
up, when I was pretty door to
the gavel tackle me
in the bottom until you're dead
of a
and
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to an
its own share the
offer does is get
all the way down
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it at your bluff by Ali
this issue action in the fifth
and he's just give up if he has
goes numb to sell tool rental
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windows are you going
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break the one that did the duo
squads for the game on
at all play out of
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two ages
of
have so many for qwest launching
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to swap and you to write an
eight era as the underfunded,
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the mourners
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all that 1494
in Randolph ES
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South & North Korea’s capitals are just
120 miles apart, with Seoul within 35 miles
of the border.
Covering only about 12% of the country's area,
the Seoul Capital Area is home to more than
48.2% of the national population, and is the
world's third largest urban area.
Seoul is populated with 25 million people.
Most of the North’s artillery pieces—numbering
in the thousands—are already in place camouflaged
and dug in, some being very close to the border.
Commonly referred to by the nicknames “Warthog”
or “Hog” The A-10 was designed for close
air support (CAS) of friendly ground troops,
attacking armored vehicles , artillery pieces,
and providing quick-action support against
enemy ground forces.
Hence, the Warthog is expected to play a major
part if any conflict starts between U.S &
North Korea.
In this video, Defense Updates analyzes IF
THE A10 WARTHOG CAN COUNTER THE NORTH KOREAN ARTILLERY ?
United States undoubtedly possesses the military
hardware and capabilities to deliver an effective
strike on Pyongyang's nuclear facilities,
retaliation by the North is highly likely
to occur.
While this could of course come in the shape
of one of the regime's much vaunted intercontinental
ballistic missiles armed with a nuclear warhead,
observers believe the north's artillery would
almost certainly inflict devastating damage
against the south, regardless of the missile
program.
While a substantial part of North Korea's
military is made up of old antiquated Soviet
weaponry, its artillery capabilities remain
exceptionally powerful.
The North Korean People’s Army Artillery
Command has an estimated 12,000 pieces of
tube artillery and another 2,300 multiple
launch rocket systems.
Koksan 170mm self-propelled guns and 240mm
and 300mm multiple launch rocket batteries
are capable of striking Seoul.
For North Korea, deciding exactly what to
target with all of those heavy guns would
prove vital in any conflict.
There are two realistic options: a counterforce
attack or a countervalue attack.
In a counterforce attack, North Korea would
target South Korean and possibly even U.S.
military facilities near the demilitarized
zone (DMZ) and north of Seoul.
A countervalue attack, on the other hand,
is intended to shock South Korea by causing
significant civilian casualties and damage
to economically critical infrastructure.
Both the strategies would leave North Korean
artillery vulnerable to counter barrages and
airstrikes, giving the U.S. and South Korea
a chance at containing and eliminating the threat.
Placed into hard granite mountain faces and
protected behind blast doors, artilleries
can be hard to detect even harder to neutralize.
The constrained, mountainous terrain on the
Korean Peninsula and the heavily fortified
nature of the demilitarized zone massively
favor the use of artillery.
Based on the few artillery skirmishes that
have occurred, roughly 25 percent of North
Korean shells and rockets fail to detonate
on target.
Even allowing for improvements and assuming
a massive counterstrike artillery volley would
be more successful, a failure rate as high
as 15 percent would take a significant bite
out of the actual explosive power on target.
The rate of fire and accuracy of North Korean
artillery systems is also expected to be subpar.
This belief is founded on the observably poor
performance of North Korean artillery crews
during past skirmishes and exercises.
The A-10 Thunderbolt II is a single-seat,
twin turbofan engine, straight wing jet aircraft
developed by Fairchild-Republic for the United
States Air Force (USAF).
It was intended to improve on the performance
of the A-1 Skyraider and its lesser firepower.
Its airframe was designed for durability,
with measures such as 1,200 pounds (540 kg)
of titanium armor to protect the cockpit and
aircraft systems, enabling it to absorb a
significant amount of damage and continue
flying.
Its short takeoff and landing capability permits
operation from airstrips close to the front
lines, and its simple design enables maintenance
with minimal facilities.
The A-10 served in the Gulf War (Operation
Desert Storm), the American intervention against
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, where the A-10
distinguished itself.
The A-10 also participated in other conflicts
such as Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada,
the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq, and against
ISILin the Middle East.
The A-10 was designed around the 30 mm GAU-8
Avenger rotary cannon.
The General Electric manufactures this hydraulically
driven seven-barrel Gatling-type auto cannon.
The Avenger delivers very powerful rounds
at a high rate of fire.
The magazine can hold 1,174 rounds, although
1,150 is the typical load-out.
Muzzle velocity when firing Armor-Piercing
Incendiary rounds is 1,013 m/s.
The GAU-8/A is extremely accurate and can
fire 4,200 rounds per minute without complications.
The 30-mm shell has twice the range, half
the time to target, and three times the mass
of projectiles fired by guns mounted in comparable
close air support aircraft
There is no technical limitation on the duration
the gun may be continuously fired, and a pilot
could potentially expend the entire ammunition
load in a single burst with no damage or ill
effects to the weapons system itself.
The aircraft can carry 16,000 pounds of mixed
ordnance; 8 can fly under the wings and 3
under-fuselage pylon station, Air Force statements
said.
The A-10 carries a full complement of weapons
to include Joint Direct Attack Munitions,
or JDAM GPS-guided bombs; its arsenal includes
GBU 38s, GBU 31s, GBU 54s, Mk 82s, Mk 84s,
AGM-65s (Maverick missiles), AIM-9 Sidewinder
missiles and rockets along with illumination
flares, jammer pods and other protective countermeasures.
Since the 1990s, right about the time the
Clinton administration decided not to undertake
military action against North Korea’s nuclear
program, the general consensus has been that
Pyongyang had enough artillery to turn nearby
Seoul into “sea of fire”.
U.S has now has better intelligence about
the North Korean artillery sites and they
will one of the high priority targets.
After the initial barrage by F22 Raptor, F
35 Lightning 2 fighter jets and B 52, B2 Spirit
bomber, the Warthog will be able to take out
the remaining with close in bombing raids.
The capability of North Korean artillery to
keep firing will reduce with each hour as
more of them get destroyed.
But according to a new report by Stratfor,
a geopolitical strategic forecasting firm,
a single volley from the North Korean artillery,
“could deliver more than 350 metric tons
of explosives across the South Korean capital,
roughly the same amount of ordnance dropped
by 11 B-52 bombers.”
So, the human casualty will still be very
high, if North Korea chooses a countervalue
attack, and targets
the civilians.
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I hope you guys will enjoy
Love you guys
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Professor Shelly Kagan:
The first question we want to
discuss has to do with the
possibility of my surviving my
death.
Is there life after death?
Is there a possibility that I
might still exist or survive
after my death?
Now at first glance--and in
fact, I think,
at second glance it's going to
turn out to be true--you might
think that the answer to this
question would depend on two
basic issues.
Do I survive my death?
Do we survive our deaths?
You think, the first thing we
have to get clear on is well
what am I?
What kind of a thing am I?
Or generalizing,
what kind of thing is a person?
What are we made of?
What are our parts?
It seems plausible to think
that before we could answer the
question, "Do I survive?"
we need to know how I'm built.
And so the first thing we're
going to spend a fair bit of
time on is trying to get clear
on what's a person?
What are the fundamental
building blocks of a person?
The second question that you
might think we'd want to get
clear on is, "What's the idea,
or what's the concept,
of surviving?"
Before we ask, "Do I survive?"
we need to get clear on "What
am I?"
and "What is it to survive?"
What is it for something that
exists in the future to be me?
Now this question can be
discussed philosophically in
quite general terms.
What's the nature of
persistence of identity over
time?
But since we're especially
interested in beings like us,
people, this topic,
this sub-specialized version of
the question of identity,
gets discussed under the rubric
of the topic,
personal identity.
What's the key or the nature or
the basis of personal identity?
As we might put it:
What is it for somebody who's
here next week to be the same
person as me?
What's the nature of personal
identity?
So, as I say,
at first glance you might think
to get clear on the answer,
"Do I or might I or could I
survive my death?"
we need to know, what am I?
What's a person?
What's the metaphysical
composition of people,
on the one hand?
And we need to get clear on the
nature of identity or
persistence or,
more specifically,
personal identity.
Now as I say,
I believe that when push comes
to shove, we do need to get
clear about both of those
questions and so that's going to
take the first several weeks of
the class.
We're going to spend a couple
of weeks talking about,
"What's a person?"
And then we're going to spend
several weeks,
or at least a week or so,
talking about the nature of
personal identity.
But before we can even get
started, there's a question,
really an objection to the
whole enterprise.
So we're about to spend a lot
of time asking the philosophical
question: Is there life after
death?
Could there be life after death?
Might I survive my death?
But there's a philosophical
objection to the entire
question.
And the objection is fairly
simple.
It says the whole question is
misconceived.
It's based on a confusion.
Once we see the confusion,
we can see what the answer to
our question is.
Could I survive my death?
The answer has got to be--this
is what the objection says--the
answer has got to be,
obviously not.
All right, so here's the
objection.
I should mention that the very
first reading that you're going
to be doing is a couple of pages
from Jay Rosenberg,
a contemporary philosopher.
He gives us a version of this
objection.
So I'll give you one version.
You'll have another version in
your readings.
The objection basically says:
What does it mean to say that
somebody's died?
We're asking,
"Is there life after death?"
What does it mean to say that
somebody has died?
Well a natural definition of
death might be something like
the end of life.
So then, if that's right,
then to ask,
"Is there life after death?"
is just asking,
"Is there life after the end of
life?"
The answer to that ought to be
pretty obvious.
Well, obviously,
the answer to that is no.
After all, if we're saying once
you've run out of life,
is there any more life?
Well, duh!
That's like asking,
when I've eaten up all the food
on my plate, is there any food
left on my plate?
Or what happens in the movie
after the movie ends?
These are stupid questions,
because once you understand
what they're asking,
the answer is just built in.
It follows trivially.
So although it has seemed to
people over the ages that the
question, "Is there life after
death?"
is one of the great mysteries,
one of the great philosophical
things to ponder,
the objection says that's a
kind of illusion.
In fact, once you think about
it, and not all that long,
you can see the answer's got to
be no.
There couldn't possibly be life
after death.
There couldn't possibly be life
after the end of life.
Or suppose we ask the question
in a slightly different way.
Might I survive my death?
Well what does the word
"survive" mean?
Well, survive is something like
we say that somebody's a
survivor if something's happened
and they haven't died.
They're still alive.
When there's a car accident,
you ask, so-and-so died,
so-and-so survived.
This person survived.
To say that they survived is
just saying that they're still
alive.
So, "Might I survive my death?"
is like asking,
"Might I still be alive
after"--well what's death?
Death is the end of life.
So-- "might I still be alive
after I've stopped living?
Might I be one of the people
who didn't die when I died?"
Gosh, the answer to that is,
again, duh!
No.
You couldn't possibly survive
your death, given the very
definition.
It should remind us of--at
least it reminds me of this joke
that you probably told.
It seemed hysterical when you
were seven.
The plane crashes exactly on
the border of Canada and the
United States.
Exactly on the border.
There's dead people everywhere.
Where do they bury the
survivors?
The answer is:
You don't bury the survivors.
So when you're seven you think,
"I don't know.
Do they bury them in Canada?
Do they bury them in America?"
The answer is:
You don't bury the survivors,
because survivors are people
that haven't yet died.
So, "Can I survive my death?"
is like asking,
"Could I not have yet died
after…?"
The answer is,
of course, you have to have
died if you died and you haven't
survived if you've died.
So the question can't even get
off the ground.
That, at least,
is how the objection goes.
Now I don't mean to be utterly
dismissive of the objection.
That's why I spent a couple of
minutes trying to spell it out.
But I think there's a way to
respond to it.
We just have to get clearer
about what precisely the
question is that we're trying to
ask.
This is something that
Rosenberg tries to get clear on
as well.
So here's my attempt to make
the question both a bit more
precise, and a question that's
an open question.
A question we can legitimately
raise.
Well, now as you will hear on
several occasions over the
course of the semester,
I'm a philosopher.
What that means is I don't
really know a whole lot of
facts.
So I'm about to tell you a
story where I wish I knew the
facts.
I don't know the facts.
If I could really do it right,
I'd now open the door and bring
in our guest physiologist,
who would then provide the
facts that I'm--what I'm about
to go is "blah,
blah, blah."
But we have the physiologist
come in and he'd actually tell
us these things.
I don't know them.
I don't have that person.
But take a look at what happens
when a body dies.
Now, no doubt,
you can kill people in a lot of
different ways.
You can poison them,
you can strangle them,
you can shoot them in the
heart.
The causal paths that result in
death may start different,
but I presume that they
converge and you end up having a
set of events take place.
Now what are those events?
This is exactly where I don't
really know the details,
but I take it it's something
like: because of whatever the
original input was,
eventually the blood's no
longer circulating and oxygen
isn't making its way around the
body.
So the brain becomes
oxygen-starved.
Because of the lack of oxygen
getting to the cells,
the cells are no longer able to
carry on their various metabolic
processes.
Because of this,
they can't repair the various
kinds of damage they need,
or create the amino acids and
proteins they need.
So as decay begins to set in
and the cell structures begin to
break down, they don't get
repaired as they would normally
do,
and so eventually have
breakdown of the crucial cell
structure and boom,
the body's dead.
Now as I say,
I don't really know whether
that's accurate,
the little rough story I just
told, but some story like that
is probably right.
And in typical philosophical
fashion, I've drawn that story
for you up here on the board.
So the events that I don't
really know the details of,
we can just call B_1,
B_2,
B_3,
up through B_n.
Before B_1 begins,
you've got the body working,
functioning,
in its bodily way--respirating,
reproducing the cells,
and so forth and so on.
And at the end of the process,
by B_n,
the body's dead.
B for bodily.
B_1 through
B_n;
that's what death is.
At least, that's what death of
the body is.
As I say, it's the sort of
thing that somebody from the
medical school or a biologist or
a physiologist or something
could describe for us.
So here's the question then.
Suppose we call that process
"death of the body."
Call what has occurred by the
end of that sequence of events,
"bodily death."
Now here's a question that we
can still ask,
at least it looks as though we
can still ask it.
Might I, or do I,
still exist after the death of
my body?
Might I still exist after
bodily death?
I don't mean to suggest in any
way that we yet know the answer
to that question,
but at least that's a question
that it seems as though we can
coherently raise.
There's no obvious
contradiction in asking:
Might I still exist after the
death of my body?
The answer could turn out to be
no.
But at least it's not obviously
no.
If the answer turns out to be
no, it's going to take some
sustained argument to settle it
one way or the other.
The answer could turn out to be
yes, for all we know at this
point.
This just brings us back to the
thought that whether or not I
could still exist after the
death of my body looks like it
should depend on what I am.
So in a minute,
that's the question that I'm
going to turn to.
But it's a bit cumbersome to
constantly be asking:
Might I still exist after the
death of my body?
So no harm is done,
once we've clarified the
question that we're trying to
ask, if we summarize that
question in a bit of a jargon or
slogan.
We say, instead of asking:
Might I survive?
Or: Might I continue to exist
after the death of my body?
--you might put it this way.
You might say for short:
Will I survive the death of my
body?
No harm done.
Or: Will I survive my death?
Because what we were just
stipulating we mean when we talk
about my death in the context of
this question is the death of my
body.
No harm done.
We can just say for short:
Will I survive my death or
might I survive my death?
For that matter,
no serious harm done if we ask:
Is there life after death?
As long as we understand that
what we're not asking about
there is life of my body.
Just another familiar way of
trying to ask:
Will I still be around after my
death?
Will I still exist after my
death?
So I think there's a perfectly
legitimate question and that's
the question we now want to turn
to.
As I said, it looks as though
to answer the question,
"Could I continue to exist
after the death of my
body?"--"Is there life after
death?"
"Could I survive my death?"
for short--to answer that
question, we need to get clearer
about: What exactly is it for
something to be me?
That's a question we'll turn to
in a couple of weeks.
First, we've got to get clearer
about: What am I?
What kind of an entity am I?
What am I made of?
In philosophical jargon,
this is a question from
metaphysics.
So we're asking the
metaphysical question:
What kind of a thing is a
person?
It seems plausible to think
that whether or not a person can
survive or continue to exist
after the death of his or her
body should depend on how he's
built,
what he's made of,
what his or her parts are.
So, let me sketch for you two
basic positions on this
question.
What is a person?
Two basic positions.
They're both,
I imagine, fairly familiar.
What we're going to have to do
is try to decide between them.
They're not the only possible
positions on the question of the
metaphysics of the person.
But they're,
I think, the two most prominent
positions and definitely the
ones most worth taking seriously
for our purposes.
So, first possible position is
this.
A person is a combination of a
body and something else--a mind.
But the crucial thing about
this first view that we want to
talk about is that the mind is
thought of as something separate
from,
and distinct from, the body.
To use a common enough word,
it's a soul.
So people are,
or people have,
or people consist of,
bodies and souls.
The soul is something,
as I say, distinct from the
body.
I take it the idea of the body
is a familiar one.
It's this lump of flesh and
bone and muscle that's sitting
here in front of you and that
each one of you sort of drags
around with you.
It's the sort of thing that we
can put on a scale and prod with
a stick and the biologists can
study,
presumably made up of various
kinds of molecules,
atoms and so forth.
So we've got the body.
But on this first view,
we also have something that's
not body.
Something that's not a material
object.
Something that's not composed
of molecules and atoms.
It's a soul.
It's the house of,
or the seat of,
or the basis of,
consciousness and thinking,
perhaps personality.
But the crucial point for this
view is that the proper
metaphysical understanding of
the mind is to think of it in
nonphysical terms,
nonmaterial terms.
That, as I say,
is the first basic view.
I'm going to say more about
that view, a fair bit more about
that view, over the next couple
of weeks.
First, let me sketch the other
basic view.
So this first view we can call
"the dualist view."
Dualist, of course,
because there's two basic
components--the body and the
soul.
Although I may occasionally
slip, I'm going to try to
preserve the word "soul."
When I use the word "soul," I'm
going to have in mind this
dualist view according to which
the soul is something
immaterial, nonphysical.
Some other kind--the body is a
material substance.
The soul is an immaterial
substance.
That's the dualist view.
The alternative view that we're
going to consider is not
dualist, but monist.
It says there's one basic kind
of thing and only one basic kind
of thing.
There are bodies.
So what's a person?
A person is just a certain kind
of material object.
A person is just a body.
Of course, it's a very fancy
material object.
It's a very amazing material
object.
That's what this second view
says.
The person is a body that can
do things that most other
material objects can't do.
So on the monist view--which
we'll call "physicalism,"
because it says that what people
just are,
are these physical objects--on
the physicalist view,
a person is just a body that
can…now you fill in the blank.
You point out the kinds of
things that we can do.
We can talk.
We can think.
We can sing.
We can write poetry.
We can fall in love.
We can be afraid.
We can make plans.
We can discover things about
the universe.
According to the physicalist
view, a person is just a body
that can do all of those things:
can reflect,
can be rational,
can communicate,
can make plans,
can fall in love,
can write poetry.
That's the physicalist view.
As I say, we've got two basic
positions.
There's the dualist
view--people are bodies and
souls.
And there's the physicalist
view, according to which there
are no souls.
There are no immaterial objects
like that.
There are only bodies,
though when you've got a
functioning body like ours,
so the physicalist says,
these bodies can do some pretty
amazing things.
The kind of things that we all
know people can do.
Two basic views.
From a logical point of view,
I suppose you might have a
third possible view.
If we've got the monist who
says there's bodies but there's
no souls, you could imagine
somebody who says there are
souls but there are no bodies.
This would roughly be a view
according to which there are
minds, but there aren't really
physical objects.
Physical objects are a kind of
illusion, perhaps,
that we fall into.
Or thinking about them in
materialistic terms might be
greatly confused or mistaken.
This view is sometimes known in
philosophy as idealism:
all that exists,
are minds and their ideas.
Physical objects is just a way
of talking about the ideas the
mind has or something like that.
Idealism is a position that's
got a very long history in
philosophy and for many classes
would be worth taking a fair bit
of time to consider more
carefully.
But for our purposes,
I think it's not a contender.
So I'm just going to put it
aside.
The positions that I'm going
to--and there are other
possibilities as well.
There are views where mind and
body are just two different ways
of looking at the same
underlying reality where the
underlying reality is neither
physical nor mental.
That view's also worth taking
seriously in a metaphysics
class, but for our purposes,
I mention it and put it aside.
The two views we are going to
focus on are,
on the one hand,
the dualist view--people have
souls as well as bodies--and the
physicalist view--all we have,
all we are, are bodies.
Let me say something more then
about the dualist position.
According to the dualist,
the mind is this immaterial
substance and we could call it
by different names.
No harm would be done if we
call it a mind,
though the reason I will
typically talk about a soul is
to try to flag the crucial point
of the dualist view.
The mind is based in,
or just is something
nonphysical, something
nonmaterial…The soul can
direct and give orders to the
body, on the one hand.
On the other hand,
the body generates input that
eventually gets sensed or felt
by the soul.
You take a pin and you stick it
through my flesh of my body and
I feel pain in my soul,
in my mind.
So, two-way interaction.
As always with philosophy,
there's more complicated
versions of dualism where maybe
the interaction doesn't work
both ways,
but let's just limit ourselves
to good, old-fashioned,
two-way interactionist dualism.
So my mind controls my body.
My body can affect my mind in
various ways.
But for all that,
they're separate things.
Still there's this very tight
connection.
We sometimes put it:
the soul is in the body,
though talking about spatial
locations here may be somewhat
metaphorically intended.
It's not as though we think
that if you start opening up the
body you'd finally find the
particular spot.
Here's the place where the soul
is located.
Though it does seem,
from this dualist perspective,
as though souls are located,
I'm sort of viewing the world
from here.
Just like each of you is
viewing the world from a
particular location.
So maybe your soul is located,
more or less,
in the vicinity of your body.
Crucial point,
of course, the attraction of
the dualist view,
from our point of view,
is that if there's a soul as
well as the body,
and the soul is something
immaterial,
then when the body dies,
when we have B_1
through B_n and the
death of the body occurs.
So at the end of B_n,
the body stops repairing
itself.
Decay sets in.
We all know the sad story.
The worms crawl in,
the worms crawl out.
At the end of the day--well it
maybe it takes longer than a
day--the body has decomposed.
Yes, all that bespeaks the end
of the body.
But if the soul is something
immaterial, then that could
continue to exist,
even after the destruction of
the body.
That's the attraction,
at least one of the
attractions, of the dualist
view.
The belief in the soul gives
you something to continue to
exist after the end of your
body.
So what's death?
Well, if normally there's this
super tight connection between
my soul and my body,
death might be the severing of
that connection.
So the body breaks and no
longer is able to give input up
to the soul.
The soul is no longer able to
control the body and make it
move around.
But for all that,
the soul might continue to
exist.
And so at least the possibility
that I'll survive my death is
one worth taking very,
very seriously if we are
dualists.
A couple of things to point out
about this view.
One is I've been talking as
though a person is a
combination, kind of a soul and
body sandwich.
So a person has two basic
building blocks.
The bodily part and the soul
part.
It's natural to talk that way,
but if we want belief in the
soul to help us hold out the
possibility at least that there
might be life after death,
then I think we need to
actually say that strictly
speaking, it's not that a person
is a soul plus a body.
Strictly speaking,
I think we need to say the
person just is the soul.
After all, if the person is the
combination, if the person is
the pair, soul plus the body,
destroy the body,
you've destroyed the pair.
If the person is the pair and
the pair no longer exists,
the person no longer exists.
So if we want belief in a soul
to help us leave open the door
to the possibility that I
survive the destruction of my
body,
it had better not be that the
body is an essential part of me.
It's simpler,
more straightforward to say
instead, "What I am strictly
speaking is a soul."
As long as the soul exists,
I exist.
Of course, my soul,
me, I, have a very tight
connection to a particular body.
But still, you could,
in principle,
destroy the body without
destroying me.
Look, I have a particularly
close connection to the house I
live in.
But for all that,
you can destroy my house
without destroying me.
So that's I think the position
that we ought to ascribe to the
dualist.
The person is,
strictly speaking,
the soul.
The soul has a very intimate
connection with the body,
but the person is not the soul
and the body.
The person is just the soul.
So even if that intimate
connection gets destroyed,
the person, the soul,
could continue to exist.
The second point to clear up is
that there's really three
different issues that might
interest us.
One, metaphysically,
are bodies and souls distinct?
Is the mind to be understood in
terms of this immaterial object,
the soul?
So are there two kinds of
things?
That's the first question.
Are souls and bodies distinct?
Second question,
though, is: Does the soul,
even if it exists,
survive the destruction of the
body?
It could be something separate
without surviving.
That's why I've tried to say if
there are souls,
at least that opens the door to
the possibility that we will
survive our death.
But, it doesn't guarantee it,
because absent further
argumentation,
there's no guarantee that the
soul survives the death of the
body.
Even if it's separate,
it could be that it gets killed
at the very same time or
destroyed at the very same time
that the body's being destroyed.
Maybe when these physical
processes, B_1 through
B_n,
take place,
they set into motion--remember,
after all we're interactionist
dualists.
There's this very tight causal
connection between the body and
the mind and the soul and the
body, the body and the soul.
Just like when you prick my
body, that bodily process sets
up certain things taking place
in my soul.
Maybe when B_1
through B_n take
place, they set up some other
processes in my soul.
Call them S_1 through
S_n.
And maybe S_1 through
S_n results in the
destruction of my soul.
So simultaneously with my body
dying, my soul dies.
Okay, this one's going to be a
little bit trickier to draw.
The first part,
S_1...,
that's easy.
S_n.
The question is:
How do I draw the soul?
I don't really know .
So the mere fact that we
decide, if we do ultimately
decide that there is a soul,
something nonphysical,
separate and distinct from the
body, doesn't guarantee that we
survive our physical death.
That's going to be a separate
question we'll have to turn to.
The first question's going to
be: Are there any souls?
Next question is going to have
to be: If there are,
do we have any good reason to
think that they survive the
death of the body?
Third question that might
interest us, that does interest
us, is this: If it survives,
how long does it survive?
Does the soul continue to exist
after the death of the body?
Does it continue to exist
forever?
Are we immortal?
Most of us would like that to
be true.
We want there to be souls so
that we can be immortal.
And so the question's got to be
not only, is the soul distinct?
Does it survive the death of my
body?
But does it continue to exist
forever?
Those questions--hang on one
second--are ones that especially
interest Plato.
So in about a week or so we'll
start reading Plato's
Phaedo.
The purpose of that dialogue,
of that philosophical work,
is to argue for the immortality
of the soul.
That's a question we'll be
turning to.
Yeah?
Student: [inaudible]
Professor Shelly Kagan:
Great.
So the question is this.
If the very idea of soul that
we're working with here under
the dualist picture is the soul
as an immaterial substance,
it's not made of ordinary
atomic matter.
If the soul is immaterial,
doesn't it follow
automatically,
trivially, that the soul can't
be destroyed by a material
process?
After all, there was death of
the body, B_1 through
B_n.
That's a material process,
a physical process.
Doesn't it follow that a soul,
an immaterial entity,
can't be destroyed by a
material, physical process?
That's a great question.
What I want to say is,
the short answer for now is,
I don't think it follows
automatically.
It doesn't follow trivially.
It may follow.
Plato's actually going to give
us some arguments for pretty
much that same claim.
Plato's going to argue once we
understand the sort of
metaphysical nature of the soul,
we'll see why it couldn't be
destroyed.
That's going to take some fancy
arguments.
The reason I think it doesn't
follow trivially is because,
remember, I said we're dealing
with interactionist dualism.
We've already admitted that
bodies are able to affect the
soul, right?
The body is having all sorts of
light bounce off my eyes of
various wavelengths.
And because of that my soul is
having various visual sensations
about the number of people in
front of me, colors,
and so forth and so on.
I gave the example of pricking
my body.
That's a physical process that
causes some sorts of changes in
the mental processes occurring
in my soul.
Once we've admitted that on
this kind of dualist picture the
material body can influence what
happens in the immaterial soul,
then it doesn't seem that we
have any grounds for shutting
the door to the possibility that
the right physical process,
B_1 through
B_n,
might set up this horrible
mental, soul process,
S_1 through
S_n,
resulting in the destruction of
the soul.
It's a possibility.
It's going to take more
arguments to rule it out.
Yeah?
Student: [inaudible]
Professor Shelly Kagan:
Yeah, another great question.
The question was:
I said it seems plausible to
say my soul is located,
more or less,
here because I seem to view the
world from here.
But maybe that's not right.
Maybe we shouldn't talk about
the location of the soul at all.
After all, if the soul is an
immaterial object,
can immaterial objects have
locations?
I don't know.
The short answer is I don't
know.
I know very little about how
immaterial objects are supposed
to work.
So although I'm trying to
sketch the dualist position,
as I explained on Tuesday,
I don't myself believe in
souls.
I don't actually think that the
dualist view is correct.
You might say,
I'll leave that problem--are
souls spatially located or
not--to be worked out by those
who believe in it.
For our purposes,
I think it doesn't really
matter.
If you want to say souls have a
location, where are they
located?
They're located more or less
where my body is.
At least, as long as my body's
working.
Maybe at death the soul gets
liberated from the body and is
able to wander more freely.
Sometimes people talk about,
in fact we'll be reading about
this, out-of-body experiences.
And so maybe during those
unusual times the soul wanders
from the body and comes back to
it.
Or, alternatively,
maybe the soul doesn't have any
location at all.
Maybe that's just an illusion
created by the fact that I'm
getting this visual input from
my body.
My body certainly has a
location.
Maybe the right way--imagine
somebody who was in a room with
remote control television setup
and so forth and so on.
And he's seeing what's
happening in Chicago,
even though he's sitting in a
room in New Haven.
Well, you could understand why
he might fall into the trap of
thinking of himself as located
in Chicago with all the visual
inputs coming from Chicago.
So maybe that's how it works
with the soul.
We get lulled into thinking
that we are where our bodies
are.
But that's really a
metaphysical illusion.
I don't really know.
For our purposes,
I think it's not crucial.
Though it's a great question,
but I'm not going to try to
pursue it any further.
All right.
So one question:
Is there a soul?
Second question:
Does it survive the death of
our body?
Third question:
If it does, does it live
forever?
Does it continue to exist
forever?
Is the soul immortal?
We will initially think about
the first question:
Do we have any good reason to
believe in souls at all?
And only after a while will we
turn to the second and third
question: Does it survive and,
more particularly,
is it immortal?
That's the first basic view
about the nature of a person.
A person has a soul,
something immaterial and not a
body.
I take it that the view is a
familiar one.
Many of you probably believe in
it.
Those of you who don't believe
in it have probably,
at least, been tempted to
believe in it.
I'm sure you all do know people
who believe in it.
It's a very familiar picture.
But, of course,
the question we're going to
have to ask ourselves is:
Is it right?
Is there reasons to believe
it's correct?
Turn now to the second basic
view, the physicalist view,
according to which a person is
just a body.
This is a materialist view.
People are just material
objects, the sorts of things
biologists poke and prod and
study.
It's important--I think this is
the crucial point--that when we
say a person is just a body,
we don't understand that to
mean--the physicalist doesn't
mean that as--a person is just
any old body.
It's not as though there aren't
important differences between
different physical objects.
Some physical objects can do
things of a far more interesting
sort than other physical
objects.
Here's a piece of chalk.
It's a physical object.
It's just a body.
What can it do?
Well, not a whole lot.
I can write on the board with
it.
I can break it in two.
You let go of it, it drops down.
Not a very interesting physical
body.
Here's a cell phone.
It's just a body.
It's not the most interesting
physical object in the world,
but it's a whole lot more
interesting than a piece of
chalk.
It can do all sorts of things a
piece of chalk can't do.
If the physicalist is right,
then here's another physical
object for you--me,
Shelly Kagan.
I'm a pretty impressive
physical object.
Now arrogant as I may be,
I don't mean to suggest I'm any
more impressive than you guys
are.
Each one of us,
according to the physicalist,
is just a body that can do some
amazing things.
We are bodies that can think.
We are bodies that can plan.
We are bodies that can reason.
We are bodies that can feel.
We are bodies that can be
afraid and be creative and have
dreams and aspirations.
We are bodies that can
communicate with each other.
We are bodies that are--well,
here's a word for it:
We're bodies that are people.
But on the physicalist view,
a person is just a body.
And that's where we'll take it
up next time.
|
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JIM: TWO YEARS WILL GO IN A
HURRY.
WHAT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE ANOTHER
DAY ON PRACTICE FIELD TURNED TO
SOMETHING SPECIAL.
TEAM MADE THE WA WAYAN MASS TO
INGLEWOOD.
TEAM WITH UP CLOSE LOOK.
THEY DEVELOP TO WHAT WILL BE
SOMETHING VERY SPECIAL.
QUARTERBACK JARED GOFF THREW
FIRST PASS IN STADIUM HISTORY TO
RECEIVER WOODS, IT WAS COMPLETE,
AND HAVING FUN WITH CONSTRUCTION
WORKERS.
AND STAN KROENKE ON HAND.
YOU THIS FEEL PRIDE, YOU GUYS
ARE BIG PART OF WHAT MADE THIS
HAPPEN.
I THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
IT IS AMAZING, YOU GET IN
HERE, I THINK YOU CAN GET A FEEL
FOR MAGNITUDE OF THE PROJECT.
WHAT A SPECIAL THING IT IS, IT
IS EXCITING.
IT IS GREAT FOR OUR PLAYERS TO
SEE IT.
JIM: IT WILL BE SOMETHING
SPECIAL.
WHATEVER YOU HEARD ABOUT IT DOES
NOT SCRATCH THE SIR SURFACE.
SO EXCITING TO SEE IT.
JIM: WE'VE BEEN WATCHING IT GROW
AND DEVELOP.
JEFF: IT LOOKS MASSIVE,.
JIM: IT'S GOING TO BE SOMETHING.
|
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if you want to edit your videos or maybe
you're looking for a platform to edit
your videos on
in today's video i'm going to be taking
you on a spin on a tour
a guided tour of the platform i use keep watching
hey Mike Blissett here founder of
speak like a pro online sharing
ideas tools and techniques to help you
speak with more confidence
make better videos and grow your
business on this channel you'll see book
review
how to and tech videos just like this
one so if you're enjoying it remember
hit the like button and also if it's
your first time here remember also to
click the subscribe
and the notification bell so you get to
know every single time
i upload a new video so if you are
at the point in your business where
you're already making videos or you're
thinking about making videos and you'd
like to move them on
to the next level whatever the next
level is
in today's video i'm going to be sharing
the software that i use and also
giving you an introduction to it as well
now the editing software that i use is
called screenflow for mac
and it's by a company called telestream
and i'll leave some links just below
this video so
if you want to check them out if you
want to try it out for free
and just see if this is the kind of
thing you're looking for
then as i say i'll leave the links just
below this video
in a nutshell screenflow for mac has
two primary functions number one is
to give you the ability to edit a video
so you would film a video on your
on your phone or in your maybe a
camcorder or maybe a dslr camera
you'd import the file into your computer
and then edit it
so that's the main function that's the
one that i think most people use i
certainly
use it for that and i've used screenflow
for mac for about six or seven years now the other and it's kind of a usp
that screenflow for mac has is it gives
you the ability
to record your screen and to record your
screen
with sound as well and then afterwards
of course you can go back and edit it
because it's an editing software so
what i mean by recording your screen is
that you can
potentially if you want to record a
webinar
so whether you use powerpoint or keynote
if you're on a mac or a pc
you can record yourself basically
narrating
slides you can include within your
slides
a video of you presenting or doing
something or a video of some content
and then whilst you're recording your
video to camera
also record your screen and that
captures that
real time as well so when you take all
of that content
into screenflow and i'll show you how to
do that in a moment it means that
you can not only use the content that
you recorded from your camera as i'm
doing now but you can also record the
content
you will have recorded from the screen
and that gives you
as a trainer as a speaker as someone who
is creating content
a greater possibility of being
being able to create content for your
client base so let's jump into the
software now i'm going to share my
screen so you can
look over my shoulder and see what i'm
doing on the computer now i'm going to
be opening the
app screenflow and you can see it's
going to open an initial screen a box and it's
going to give you options of what
it's really asking you what kind of
material
do you want to work on so it can be a
new recording where you just talk to
camera or you're talking to your camera
and you just
we call it real time into the screenflow
you can import a document
and that's where you import some film
you've maybe recorded before
an example is i'm recording this
video into my iphone and then
i'm going to be uploading that
document onto my computer and into
screenflow so that's my process if
you're on a dslr camera or a camcorder
you record your video onto a
a memory card and then when you
finish recording it take the memory card
out of the camcorder or the
camera
and put it into the sd the
the memory slot on your computer and
then you can
upload that file so that's what a new
document means
recent documents are basically projects
you're working on so if you click that
you'll see all the
recent documents you've been working on
you can see it's got
various presets so the the preset the
standard preset
and you can just click this blue
arrow up and down over there and get all
the different presets as well
but i'm just going to click the standard
one and it's called a preset because
it's preset it's the standard one is
it's 1080p
okay so the dashboard is the main screen
on the top left and it's the majority of
the screen here this is
you can call it a viewfinder or
the video screen so this is where in a
moment when i
import a file you'll see the video
and what that will show you is what your finished edited video will look like
one of the additional benefits of
working with screenflow
is that it comes with a media library
where you've got
an endless supply of clips of b-roll and
equally in music as well so you don't
have to go hunting around the internet
unless you want and some people do that
but equally you can get a version of
screenflow and i'll talk you through
that in a moment
where it's all in there as well and
equally with b-roll
you can record your own b-roll so you
can go out with your phone with your
camera whatever it is
and record things on the street in
the city in a coffee shop and you know
wherever you might want to record video
to use as additional just mini segments
of additional video which we call
b-roll
so you put all these files in this
top right hand corner and this is where
your media library is and now just
above the media center you've got some
icons
and so i'm going to talk you through all
of these if you want a more in-depth tutorial training video on how to use
screenflow and equally edit a video and
upload it and all the rest of it
let me know in the comments box below
and i'll gladly do that for you
as well but the icons the tools that i use are these so
the first one is i'm just gonna click on
it so it's in the top
right hand column just above media
library and
it's i'll zoom in a little bit there you
go and it's this
and this is the i'll just click that it's
basically an icon of a movie tape
basically and so you click that and
you'll see when i
import a video in a moment you this will
then
be activated and i can make
the video i can zoom in
zoom out i can change the rotation move
it around a little bit
i can change the colour so there are
things you can do that to make it look
the way you want it to look
in the viewfinder the next icon along
i use every single video yeah it's the
audio that's it and again when we bring
the video into this suite and in a few
moments you'll see this is activated the next icon i use is the t
it's for text and it's where you can
create a text box over your video
where if you want to for example have a
title so if
you've seen in many of my videos i
sometimes share three or five or ten top
tips or how to's or
mistakes to avoid or something and when
i introduce each one
there'll be some titles slide across the
screen and then slide out again
and then the final icon on the right is
it just
clicks you back to the media library
all right and so then we move into the
bottom third of the screen and this
is the timeline so this is where we'll
be putting
the file and depending how long your
file is whether your video is
two minutes or ten minutes or an hour
you'll see it in here
there are various grey areas here
where
that i'm sure you can see on this
recording there are lines there are dark
grey lines here
basically these are channels so each
piece of content you
upload into screenflow will be a channel
so
the first channel is usually your video
that's it
if you import a some music
that will be another channel if you
import some slides that will be
another channel
if you import some intro and outro
graphics that will be another channel if
you import
some b-roll each of those will be
another channel
so there are some other tools here
one is this
red bar that goes across the
the timeline and this is your splicer so
this is where
when we import the content
in a moment you
you'll be able to see we can start to
move this depending where we want to splice so cut content and then maybe
delete a bit where there's nothing
happening or we make a mistake
and it's gone and so this is your splice
like a chopper tool that's that
at the bottom of the screen on the left
hand corner
is a zoom in zoom out slider and
again
there we go it just zooms in and zooms
out and then finally
we've got the the three controls here
that you've you'll have seen on every
mp3 player and tape recorder probably
ever seen and this is the play the
rewind and the fast forward button
one final box and you'll see this in
action in a moment is your timer as your counter it'll show
you where you are in your clip
as you're working through the project
right
so let's let's begin this project so
i think a good place to start and i'm
not going to go into how to edit a video
today it's really that's quite in depth
and if you want to know how to do that
i will talk you through one of those
videos real time you can look over my
shoulder again
leave a comment in the box below and let
me know that you'd like to see
a video where i edit a video so
step-by-step guide you can do that as
well so i'm just going to whistle
through it today i'm not going to really
spend a lot of time
showing you how to edit a video but i am
going to
import a video so you can see it as well
okay so the next step is where we
import a file the main
i guess the main body of work your video
so that you can start
seeing what you need to edit as well so
i'm going to click
insert so on this top toolbar you can
see
the words here are from the left is
screenflow and then file edit mark
insert i'm going to click insert and
the bottom option is choose
i'll hit play and you can see what we do
here i'm just going to show you how you
can
use the splicer just one time and maybe
a couple and then you can see what we
can do there so i'll just hit play
so if i wanted to start the video here
this bottom red square is well if you
click that
now you've just spliced it you've cut
your video down that
down to that point and let's zoom out a
little bit again so you can see it all
so this first bit if you click on it it
highlights that first bit
you can see that that is now cut that's
a segment
and we don't want that segment so all
you do is hit delete
and it's gone and then if you click on
the
part of the timeline that you still
got that you want to keep
then you hold your mouse or your
finger on your tracker pad down and just
slide the timeline
to the zero to the beginning and then
click the rewind button and play it
again it should go straight into the
video now
if you've ever wondered what software
there you go
if you want to edit a mistake in the
middle of a video and i'm just going to
do this very quickly i'm not even going
to play it so
i can see there's a gap there so i would
slice that
and i can see there was another gap kind
of
here maybe so if you
played this through if this is your clip
and you think i made a mistake there i
want to cut that
30 seconds or a minute or 10 minutes out
you just
splice at the beginning and the end of the
bit that you want to remove
click it and it highlights it hit delete
and it deletes and then you can just
again move
slide the clip over and join it together
you can even overlap it if you want to
but
and that's when one one shot fades into
another that's what you do when
when you overlap a clip like that but
equally if you just want it to be
one shot moving very nicely and
smoothly into our next shot that's where
they sit
side by side okay so next let's look at
the
media library this is additional
content that you can
include in your screenflow if you want
to and i'll explain how that works
in a few moments but
as i mentioned in the beginning you can
have three main types of content video
audio and graphics
and so if you're going to include some
b-roll and
by the way b-roll you
remember
i mentioned in the beginning you can
shoot b-roll yourself with your own
camera or your
your cell phone as well and then import
that into this but equally if you want
to
use the b-roll that's supplied within
the media library
from screenflow they have like i don't
know how many like
thousands upon thousands and thousands
of little clips
of b-roll that you can use as well so
let's just unclick audio and graphics
and by the way if you're looking for
audio like background music or intro
music or you have
sound effects that's in audio and
graphics obviously what things happening
on the screen like explosions or
whatever
they're in graphics so the same would be
for that so let's just say
we want video and you put in a
description of someone
or a description of what you're looking
for example
office worker i don't know let's see
if there's anything comes back
okay office workers so and equally there
are just literally
and as you scroll down it uploads more
and more and more and there's so
many here so let's find something that
just shows someone
using a computer just for a few seconds
remember
a picture or graphic or a video can tell
a thousand words it can explain what
you're talking about
so let's select this one so you just
double click it
and it downloads it into this place on
the timeline
where my cursor was okay so but equally
we can move this wherever we want to
move it as well
now if you're interested in downloading
the free trial version of screenflow for
mac
obviously it kind of does what it said
on the can for
this software it is for mac users and
then just follow the link below the
screen and you can get that free trial
and then use it for as long as you want
and that's that's good to go that's
great
and then if you want to then get the
screenflow for mac so get the paid for
version where you can use it for real to
upload your content and create your
courses
then there are two versions the first
one is
everything i just showed you so
screenflow for mac editing suite
and then the other version is where it's
all of that and
it comes with the media library as well
so one is without the media library so
you would upload your own music or
get music from elsewhere and then bring
that into
screenflow and equally you could
shoot your own b-roll i'd get view often
somewhere else and then upload it to
a screenflow for mac or you can get the
but it's called a bundle where you get
the screenflow for mac editing software
and the media library imported
or included in that as well and it means
you have the
royalty-free rights to use whatever
content is there
within your programs within your videos
within your whatever you use promotional
materials etc you've got the license to
do that
so the price of the two editing
softwares if you want to get the
screenflow for mac editing software and
all that it comes with
without the media library that's a
i think it's $129US and
if you're here in the uk i'm in the uk
that works out to about £97-£99
depending on currency exchange rates i guess and if you
want to get the
the what it's just the word screenflow
use the bundle so you get the
editing software and the media library
as well that's a $175 and that works out
to
around about £130 to £135
here in the uk and i think it's a
really
really useful framework to use now
i have tried some other platforms before
and i do use some other platforms at the
moment as well and i'll share those if
you're interested
in the coming weeks or months so if
you have enjoyed this video remember
click the like button
and if it's been your first time here
remember hit the subscribe and the
notification bell so you get to know
next time i upload a new video
and remember this channel is all about
sharing ideas
tools and techniques to help you speak
with more confidence
make better videos and grow your
business online i'm Mike Blissett
take care
|
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Hello. I'm the author.
In this video will I, who am almost a MMD beginner, teach you the most basic of the basic MMD operations, using a Hetalia MMD model.
The recent release of the Hetalia MMD models caused an incredible rush.
So people who wasn't interested in MMD, might want to begin with MMD now. I bet it!
The MMD world is giving people an impression that the MMD world is quite a big hurdle.
So I think it would be good if there were tutorial videos for complete beginners.
I don't understand the more difficult MMD things well yet.
But I think that it's better for complete beginner to be taught by a user with only slightly better skills.
That's my theory.
So if you relax and watch this video, then I will be glad.
First let's download the MMD software!
Our story starts from here.
But...
Huh? There are many versions...
I will explain these versions.
For people who want to use Hetalia, Basara Models. -> Ver.5 or 7 (*1).
For people who lack a powerful computer. -> Ver.5.
If ver.5 doesn't work well on your computer. -> Oh, then I'm sorry...
After downloading MMD, please download the models you want to use.
Generally, the download URL is in the release video of the model.
After download, please store the model files in a "model" folder under the "UserFile" folder in the MMD folder.
And without doubt, there is read-me text file among model files.
Make sure to read the read-me text.
The readme text contains various precautions.
The precautions tell about allowed modifications of model, allowed categories of videos that model may be used in, etc...
Please respect model creator's wishes!
Sorry to keep you waiting.
Now let's start MMD!
And let's load and manipulate a model!
When you start MMD, MMD shows nothing on the screen.
Models and stages will be loaded at the white space.
There is russet "model manipulation" panel in the lower left of the screen.
Please push the "load" button under "camera/light/accessory".
Then the "model" folder, where you stored your model files a little while ago, is opened.
The pmd file is the model data file.
You select the pmd file and push the "open" and "OK" buttons.
Then Prussia appears!
Prussia! You are so adorable, Prussia!
After loading Prussia, let's look at him from every possible angle carefully.
First you drag while keeping down the right mouse button.
That way, you can watch and enjoy him from every possible angle, like this:
90% of the MMD users will try to let the angle change with right-drag at other's videos.
Oh, how silly!
There is a green cross shape arrow icon in the upper right part of the screen.
If you move the cursor onto the icon and drag it with left mouse button,
you can move the POV (Point of View) and enjoy Prussia!
There is a magnifier icon at next to the green cross shape arrow icon.
If you move the cursor onto the icon and drag it with the left mouse button, then you can zoom in/out.
Incidentally, you can zoom in/out also with mouse scroll wheel.
Furthermore, if you drag with the left mouse button while pushing Shift or Ctrl Key, then you can move the POV with smaller steps.
It's good to use them to control the camera.
And there is dark blue "view" panel in the lower right of the screen.
You can change the POV by pushing the buttons.
When you push the "front" button, you will return to face view,
so you can enjoy Prussia again.
Prussia! You are so cute, Prussia!
If we keep on watching, the sun will set.
For now, I will explain the bone control.
As you see, there are bones in the models.
There is dark blue "bone manipulation" panel in the lower middle of the screen.
If you push the "select" button, then MMD goes to the selectable bone mode.
Incidentally, I am telling you a MMD shortcut.
By pushing the "C" key you can change between selectable/non-selectable bone mode, without pushing the "select" button.
If you push the "C" key and click the circle mark of a bone,
then the bone is selected and turns red.
The selected bone name is in the upper right of the bone operation panel.
If you select the right shoulder, then "shoulder_R" is seen there.
If you select the neck, then "neck" is seen there.
And this black table in the left part of the screen is the "bone/frame manipulation" panel.
The table is lined with names of bone (upper body, arm, etc).
If you select a bone in the right part of the screen, then the bone name is highlighted in the table.
And if you click a bone name in the table, that bone is selected.
Please click the bone name in the table, when it's hard to select bone in the the right part of the screen.
Then, let's watch the "bone manipulation" panel while selecting neck bone.
There is a "rotate" button in the panel.
It you push this button, then the bone manipulation handle appears.
The handle is colour-coded in 3 different colours.
You can rotate the bones in each direction.
You move mouse cursor onto the handle.
Then the part of handle under cursor becomes yellow.
Incidentally, a shortcut of "rotate" button is "X" key.
Please remember following sequence.
1. Please push the "C" key (to turn MMD into selectable bone mode).
2. Please click a bone (to select it).
3. Please push the "X" key (to show the bone control handle).
Please move mouse cursor onto red part of the handle,
and look at the vertical bar.
Now you can rotate the bones in the forward and rear directions.
When you rotate the bones like this, you will think "Oops! I fractured his neck! Please return!"
If you push the "reset" button in the "bone control" panel, Prussia will recover instantly.
Please don't give up! Please move the mouse cursor onto blue part of the handle.
Then, you can rotate the bones in the right and left directions.
On green part, you can rotate the bones clockwise or anticlockwise.
After you have enjoyed this fully, let's reset it.
*Sigh*
With this handle, you control the angle of the bones in the current screen.
For example:
When you use the handle in side view,
if you use same part of the handle at in front view,
then you will rotate the bones in different directions.
Probably, you'll get it as you go along.
There is also another way to control bones.
There are red, green, blue icons at the lower right of the screen.
These are different from the handle.
First, please push the "C" key and select a bone,
and move mouse cursor onto these icons.
Then, 3 bars will appear.
There are a red one, a blue one, and a green one.
Please move mouse cursor onto red icon (the X icon).
Then, you can rotate the bone around the red X-axis by dragging with the mouse.
When the cursor is onto the red icon, then the X-axis is red, red bar.
When the cursor is onto the green icon (Y icon), the Y-axis is green, green bar.
When it's onto blue icon (Z icon), the Z-axis is blue, blue bar.
By using them, you will get to know the difference between using the handle or the icons.
In the beginning, it's no problem that you only will use the one you like best.
After you are finished with the bones and have made pose, then please push the Enter key.
Then, red diamond shape will appear in the "frame manipulation" panel is the black area in the left part of the screen.
This red diamond means that the bones were fixed in the pose at the frame.
Without bone save registration onto the frame by pushing enter key, no matter how much you manipulate the bones, your pose will disappear when you move on to the next frame.
Pushing the "C" key, selecting a bone, showing the handle by pushing the "X" key,
manipulating the bones, and pushing enter key to save properly...
...The basic control of MMD is to repeat that sequence over and over.
The way to control the bone movements is like this:
Select a bone, rotate the bone, push the enter key.
You will do nothing else than repeating this routine.
Hey! It's very easy, isn't it?
So in next part. let's make pose.
Good bye, everyone!
(Grammar Checking: goishikaigan mademou)
|
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Hi everyone
[Alex] Are you vlogging?
[Alex] Say "Hello everyone"
[Paul] What's your name?
[Paul] What's your full name?
Seve Soriano
[Alex] Severiano
Severiano Elliot
Bye bye
Okay, hi everyone welcome to the vlog I'm with my favorite Seve
What's your name?
Seve Boy!
How old are you?
Twenty three
What do you mean twenty three?
We said that...
Five years old
You're not five years old.
You're just...
Five!
We said, "Seve, you wanna play that?
"Yeah, when I was five."
You're only three years old.
You're getting into my nerves.
Okay, come here.
Are you ready for a fast talk?
No
You want me naked?
Okay first.
Seve or Chambe?
Seve or Chambe?
Our celebrity started acting out.
Seve or Chambe?
Wake up time
[Toni] Seve, you need to answer your auntie okay?
You need to...
[Paul] I won't get the train.
[Toni] Oh no.
Good thing your parents are here.
Sour candy or lollipop?
Cake or ice cream?
[She's getting frustrated but his parents are here.]
We're having a problem right now.
Our main star is acting out right now in the vlog.
[Paul] Seve, you answer the questions.
Are you gonna sing or gonna say?
[Alex] Wake up time
[Seve] I'm going to sleep
I'm going to sleep. He said
Seve, please talk to me.
[Paul] Seve, answer the question so we can get the train.
Time out or get hit?
[Paul] Seve, answer now or I'll get the train.
[Paul] I'm going to get it if you don't answer.
His getting the train already. Answer now.
Time out or get hit?
Get hit
Seve crying or mama crying?
You want mama to cry or Seve to cry?
[Alex] Which one?
[Seve] Mommy to cry
Oh you want mommy to cry.
Oh no. No love for her mom.
Tata or Mikee?
Tata
Okay
Mikee
Don't change your answer. You got it right already.
Who's handsome...
Jojo or Mikee?
[We can prove here that kids can tell lies.]
Jojo!
Oh no
bad eyes
It should be Mikee.
Pinty or Bonoy?
No!
Answer now
Oh! Bonoy will leave if you don't answer
Pinty or Bonoy?
Pinty
Mama or Bonoy?
Mama
You don't love Bonoy?
Yes or no?
Yes
Oh no! What happened?
Lights on or lights off?
Lights off
Remember brown out?
Oh what happened?
[Toni] Lights off
There was lights off
You we're scared?
Were you scared?
You were crying?
You said, "Mama I'm scared."
"I don't want to see light at the tunnel."
Dedmatology?
Sex or chocolate?
Sex!
Brother, sister, or cousin?
Tata
Where's your cousin?
Show them your cousin.
Oh no
This is where the cousin is okay
Tata or train?
Mama
Your choices are always not in the choices.
Popoo or wiwi
popoo
Baba time or baho?
baho time
Who's beautiful, mama or Pinty?
Mama is beautiful
The mom is about to cry.
Now, we will know...
Yaya or tata?
yaya
What you said is really painful.
Why don't you like tata?
Who's beautiful, mama or tata? Look
mama
What about me?
No
Who's sexy, mama or tata?
mama
This kid is annoying.
Stop that!
What did you say?
Stop that!
Okay, last question.
Joker or Red Eye
Joker
Okay, so that's it
What else do you want?
[Toni] Train or subway?
crashing subway
[Toni] Sour candy or lollipop?
sour candy
[Toni] Cookies or chocolate?
Oh, he bit me.
Who do you want to come here in your house...
Tata or Bonoy?
tata
Why don't you like Bonoy?
This kid is just acting.
Tata!
Do you see that? The tree fell down.
Where?
There...
What are you seeing that I can't see?
Tata, see that?
there...
The tree fell down.
Why?
Seve has better grammar than I do.
Why is the fell?
[Toni] What do you mean why is the fell?
If you don't talk, no train.
His dad said to him, "If you don't talk, no train."
Seve, stop it now!
Oh no, he removed my hair clip.
Seve!
He messed me up.
Seve, look at you did!
I'm very ugly now.
Seve, tata is crying now.
[Toni] Tata crying or tata happy?
Tata happy
Tata crying!
You're my number one.
Tata number one or number two?
Number one
I love you
I love you so much my son.
Taytay...
or
Taguig?
Taytay or Taguig?
or hair pull?
Taytay or Taguig?
Taguig
Taguig
He knows where he lives.
What do you want, the condo of tata or Taytay?
hitting
He said hitting.
[Toni] Oh, enough.
Where's the train?
You're really hurting me now.
Seve, what's tata and Mikee doing?
Where's the ghost train?
What is tata and Mikee doing?
Where's the ghost train?
What is mama and Mikee doing?
[Oh, it changed]
See, the train is there. You don't answer it.
[Toni] Answer first!
Look, he's thrilled.
What is tata and Mikee doing?
Kissing
Kissing...
and more.
Kissing where?
in the neck... down there.
Do you love tata?
Yeah
Okay
Please hug tata.
He's already looking at...
Kiss tata.
[Toni] Kiss tata
Thanks for watching
I love you tata!
I love you netizens.
I got mauled.
It's finished daddy.
[Alex] So what do you want now if you're finished?
You got bribed.
Wow, you look great but look at me after our interview
I got mauled.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Now you've seen...
this is our...
You remember this?
He doesn't care anymore.
|
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Hi everyone, I am Sui Wenjing, a pair skater from chinese national team
Hi everyone, my name is Han Cong
(the show incredible charisma on the ice)
Do you want to know Cong's gossip stories？I know a lot!
"sister Sui, Please help me"...
(They are lovely and cute off the ice)
(She) is like the disney Tigger , jumping around every day
(Sui and Han answered fans' questions)
Hello everyone, my name is Hancong
My name is Sui Wenjing
we got many many questions from our fans
ok,the first question
Is there any chance we can still see the the unfinished exhibition program "the men from uncle" from last season?
it's possible in the future
We need to polish those exhibition programs
that program was still in its original shape
Need more time. Will be on the ice some day
(Sui reading the question) in this season, which one you like better? Hallelujah or Turando?
Only 3 months left for the olympics , what do you think you still need to improve
Are you going to change something in Hallelujah and Turando?
This question is very long.
First, we like both the programs very much
that's why we choose music
we will try our best to perform the programs like the past seasons, and even better than ever before
there are still a lot of places needed to be improved.
first, we are still not very familiar with the programs
and the jumps, transitions and other details are needed to be improve as well
we just need more time
we might make some changes in the program
but we will discuss with our coaches and the team based on our training
next question
Please describe what animal your partner is. and the reasons
this is too difficult
what do you think you are?
the questions is to describe your partner!
let me talk about you
I think Cong is like a spider
oh yeah what did I say about you before?
Don't interrupt me! use your brain!
The reason is Cong is a very considerate and thoughtful person.
And he is like a spider that can make very complex webs
paying attention to many details , very thoughtful
He did things in a very rigorous way
like a spider can capture the bugs very precisely
（Cong said I am full）
Little Sui..... like the disney Tigger
jumping around every day
she is like the Tigger very much
your turn
Readingn questions: how to reduce mistakes in the program
How do you deal with the pressure during competition
I like to talk a lot, talk to someone else
And I will read some books.
Or I will call my mom and talk to her is a good way to relieve the pressure
Because I am not the person like to hiding myself. I like to talk it out.
what kind of gifts do you like most after the competition
Last time I got so many green onions ( same pronuciation as "cong"in chinese )
I got so many and can't eat them all.
I can still sense the smell from those green onions
All the fans' gifts are lovely and creative , the Cong is a good one too.
Other gifts with chinese influence like panda I like it too
We both just brought some skate cover with panda color. And we will use it later
and lions.. etc.. they are all very good
I love whatever the fans give us
reading questions :what do you do to challange yourself?
this question is like the first one
we still have quad throw in reserve
we will see if we need it or not based on our training and discuss with our coaches
reading questions: are you asking to do more to yourself?
we always have very high standard to ourselves
and we didn't skate our best performance in this competition
we have another two weeks to train
We are hoping we can present two clean programs to everyone in the GPF
our ultimate goal is to make them classic programs of our own
We try our best to perform the best to our every program and make each of them a classic one
whenever people hear the music, they can relate to us. that's all we want
question no.4, do you like the green onion stuff toys during the Cup of China?
Yes, i like them very much, thanks a lot.
Question no.4, which one is more important before the competition ? Adjust the mindset/emotions or increase training?
they are both important!
No.5, you both come from northeastern China, what is your favorite food?
Cong Said 鱼香肉丝 （Fish-flavored pork) Sui said 锅包肉 （Double Cooked Pork Slices）
Question:do you have any music that you like it very much but didn't make it to skate?
do you have one?
the men from uncle !
I watched the move Black Swan and I like the music a lot.
And Xiaoyu's music is from black swan. I heard them during training and it's very brain-washing
We might think about using the music to create a exhibition program
Cong:the question is to ask any music you want to skate but didn't make it to skate
sui:I want to skate this music but not start yet
Cong:then you just want it, but not didn't make it
this is my question， ok?
I just like... （Cong interrupt her）
I like the .. Black Swan
And I saw Takahashi‘s version
and we want to try Hip Hop some day
maybe next year , or the year after in the exhibition, we want something new for us.
Is Cong still monitoring Sui's diet to remind her lose weight?
I didn't monitor her diet. I let her eat.
I am still keeping an eye on her diet. But very infrequently now.
what will be a good age for a kid to start skating?
I will say 3 year old. 2 year old seems to be too little
cong: you see some 2 year old on the ice too
Sui:I believe 3 year old. 2 year old? forget about it...
this is my question, ok?
question no.7 , what do you do to relax when you are not in training?
I don't play the PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds
I like to watch movies , watch a lot of movies.. and sometimes watch some videos, funny videos
or talk to my friends, and share our stories
and keep learning new things
for me, it's reading, watching movies and talk talk talk.
Cong:it's my question!
are you still posting hair making tutorials or make-up tutorials (Sui shared her lipstick collection before on Weibo)?
Will you make some suggestion to Cong's costumes?
He didn't listen to my suggestion!
I am not done yet! one more question
I found a bug when I try to do the hair tutorial. If
If I put the camera in front of me, I don't know whether to take video of my face or my hair ? it's hard to manage
and about the make-up tutorials , i might post one when I have time
And share my lipsticks color.
I would like to post the review of my Chanel lipstick collection recently.
I will do this when i have time. Pretty busy right now.
question no.8 , can you tell us what Sui like to do when she has free time?
reading, watching movies , and talk a lot!
|
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|
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Esperanto:
Saluton, mi estas John Green, ĉi tio estas Crash Course U.S. History, kaj hodiaŭ ni parolos pri la Usona Konstitucio.
Kaj, farante tion, ni esploros, kiel la Usona stilo de registaro fariĝis la envio de la tuta mondo, tiel ke ĉiuj aliaj kopiis nin.
Kio estas tio, Stan?
Ĉu ni ne parolos pri aliaj landoj, ŝtelantaj nian formon de registaro?
Ĉar neniu alia lando ŝtelis nian formon de registaro?
Tio - tio ne ŝajnas ebla, Stan.
[Patriotisma Rokenrola Muziko]
Ne, Stan, ne la Libereco, komencu la enkondukon!!
[Tema Muziko]
Do hodiaŭ ni ekscios, kial la verdaj areoj de ne-Ameriko ne kopiis nin.
Ĝuste, kiel usonanoj eble malmulte memoras de historiaj klasoj, la Konstitucia sistemo, kiun ni vivis sub ekde 1788, la jaro de la unua Prezidanta elekto, ne estis la originala Usona registaro.
La unua registaro starigita de la Kontinenta Kongreso nomiĝis la Artikoloj de la Konfederacio kaj ĝi estis, en vorto: Malbona.
En du vortoj, ĝi estis ne bona, tial ĝi daŭris nur 10 jarojn.
Portuguese:
Oi, eu sou John Green, este é o Crash Course, que trata da História dos Estados Unidos e hoje vamos falar sobre a Constituição dos Estados Unidos.
E, ao fazer isso, vamos explorar como o estilo do governo americano se tornou a inveja de todo o mundo,
tanto que todos os outros nos copiaram.
O que é isso, Stan?
Não falaremos sobre o roubo dos outros países da nossa forma de governo?
Por que nenhum outro país roubou nossa forma de governo?
Isso não parece possível, Stan.
[Música Rock Patriótica]
Não, Stan, a introdução!
[Música Tema]
Então, hoje vamos aprender porque as áreas verdes não americanas não nos copiaram.
Ok, como os americanos podem lembrar o trem da história, essa é a constituição que eles viveram desde 1788, quando a primeira eleição presidencial aconteceu, não a forma original do governo dos EUA.
A primeira constituição adotada pelo congresso continental foi chamada de Artigos da Confederação e era, e uma única palavra: Ruim.
Em duas palavras: nada bom. É por isso que durou apenas 10 anos.
Spanish:
Hola, soy John Green,
esto es Crash Course Historia EE.UU.,
y hoy vamos a hablar
acerca de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos.
Y, al hacerlo, vamos a explorar
cómo el estilo de gobierno estadounidense
se convirtió en la envidia de todo el mundo,
tanto es así que todos los demás nos copian.
[Hey Oh]
¿Qué es eso, Stan?
No vamos a hablar de otros países
el robo de nuestra forma de gobierno?
Debido a que no hay otros países
robó nuestra forma de gobierno?
Eso no parece posible, Stan.
[ 'MURICA!]
[Libertâge]
No, Stan, no el Libertâge.
Cue la intro!
[MEJOR]
[Música de la introducción]
[Música de la introducción]
[Música de la introducción]
[Música de la introducción]
[Música de la introducción]
[REVA]
Asi que,
Hoy vamos a aprender por qué el verde
zonas de no-Latina no nos copian.
[NonMurica]
Muy bien, así como los estadounidenses pueden
vagamente recordar de las clases de historia,
el sistema constitucional
hemos estado viviendo bajo desde 1788,
el año de la primera
Elecciones presidenciales,
No fue el gobierno estadounidense originales.
El primer gobierno creó
por el Congreso Continental
fue llamado de los artículos
Confederación y fue,
en una palabra: Malo!
En dos palabras, que no era bueno.
Es por ello que sólo duró 10 años
English:
Hi, I’m John Green, this is Crash Course U.S. History, and today we’re going to talk about the United States Constitution.
And, in doing so, we’re going to explore how the American style of government became the envy of the entire world, so much so that everyone else copied us.
What’s that, Stan?
We’re not gonna talk about other countries
stealing our form of government?
Because no other country stole our form of
government?
That – that doesn’t seem possible, Stan.
[Patriotic Rock Music]
No, Stan, not the Libertage, cue the intro!
[Theme Music]
So, today we’re going to learn why the green
areas of not-America didn’t copy us.
All right, so as Americans may dimly remember from history classes, the Constitutional system we’ve been living under since 1788, the year of the first Presidential election, was not the original American government.
The first government set up by the Continental Congress was called the Articles of Confederation and it was, in a word: Bad.
In two words, it was not good, which is why
it only lasted 10 years.
Danish:
Hej, Jeg hedder John Green. Dette er Crash Course US History og i dag skal vi tale om den amerikanske forfatning.
Og mens vi gør det, vil vi undersøge hvordan den amerikanske model for politisk styre, blev så misundt over hele verden, at alle andre lande kopierede os.
Hvad siger du, Stan?
VI vil ikke tale om hvordan andre lande stjal vores model for politisk styre?
Fordi ingen andre lande faktisk stjal vores model?
Det - det lyder ikke sandsynligt, Stan.
Nej, Stan, introen!
I dag skal vi lære hvorfor de grønne områder kaldet ikke-Amerika ikke kopierede os.
Ok, som amerikanere måske kan huske tåget fra historietimerne, så er den forfatning de har levet under siden 1788, hvor det første præsidentvalg fandt sted, ikke den oprindelige amerikanske regeringsform.
Den første forfatning vedtaget af kontinentalkongressen kaldtes Articles of Confederation og var med ét ord: Dårlig.
Med to ord: Ikke god. Det var grunden til at den kun varede i 10 år.
Spanish:
El problema con la confederación es
que no era tanto un marco
para un gobierno nacional, ya que
era una "liga firme de amistad"
Que por desgracia sólo suena como un equipo de Care Bear Superheroes.
[Impuesto del oso del cuidado de la escalera?]
Los artículos establecen un "gobierno"
que consistía en una sola casa
cuerpo de delegados,
y cada estado tiene un solo voto,
quienes de manera colectiva,
podría tomar decisiones sobre ciertos
cuestiones que afectan a todos los estados.
No hubo ningún presidente y poder judicial.
Usted puede tratar de decirme que John Hanson,
el presidente del congreso
fue el primer presidente de Estados Unidos,
pero no es simplemente verdad.
Cualquier decisión que requiere
9 de los 13 congresistas votos,
la cual prácticamente garantizado que
alguna vez se harán decisiones.
Ahh, supermayorías: Siempre tan eficiente.
[SARCASMO]
Pero además de la exigencia de 2 / 3rds,
el Congreso fue muy limitado
en lo que realmente podía hacer.
El gobierno podría declarar la guerra, la conducta
Asuntos Exteriores y hacer treaties-
Básicamente, las cosas que necesita
que hacer para ir a la guerra con Inglaterra.
Se podría acuñar dinero, pero no pudo
recaudar impuestos, que quedó en manos de los estados,
por lo que si necesita dinero para, por ejemplo,
ir a la guerra con Gran Bretaña,
[Sabes, cosas regulares Martes]
había que pedir a los estados cortésmente.
Los artículos pueden ser modificados,
pero eso requiere un voto unánime,
por lo que fueron alguna vez pasado el cero enmiendas.
El gobierno fue deliberadamente débil,
Danish:
Problemet med konføderationen var, at den ikke fungerede så meget som en ramme for en national regering som det var en "stabil venskabs-liga",
hvilket desværre kun lyder som en gruppe Care Bear-superhelte.
The Articles skabte en "regering" der bestod af delegerede, hvor hver stat havde én stemme. De kunne, i fællesskab, træffe beslutninger på bestemte områder, der vedrørte alle staterne.
Der var ingen præsident og ingen domstole.
Du kan forsøge at fortælle mig, at John Hanson, kongressens præsident, var den første amerikanske præsident, men det er simpelthen ikke rigtigt.
Alle beslutninger krævede 9 ud af 13 stemmer, hvilket næsten garanterede at ingen beslutninger kunne træffes.
Åh, super-flertal: Altid dejligt effektivt.
Men udover to-tredjedeles-kravet var kongressen også meget begrænset i, hvad de faktisk kunne gøre.
De kunne erklære krig, føre udenrigspolitik og indgå traktater - grundlæggende alle de ting du har brug for, hvis du vil føre krig mod England.
De kunne udstede penge, men ikke indsamle skatter; det var op til staterne.
Så hvis du manglede penge, for eksempel for at føre krig mod Storbritannien, skulle man spørge staterne pænt.
Der kunne vedtages tilføjelser til The Articles of Confederation, men kun ved enstemmighed - så ingen tilføjelser blev nogensinde vedtaget.
English:
The problem with the confederation is that it wasn’t so much a framework for a national government as it was a “firm league of friendship,”
which unfortunately only sounds like a team
of Care Bear Superheroes.
The Articles set up a “government” that consisted of a one-house body of delegates, with each state having a single vote, who, acting collectively, could make decisions on certain issues that affected all the states.
There was no president and no judiciary.
You can try to tell me that John Hanson, the president of the congress, was the first American president, but it’s just not true.
Any decision required 9 of the 13 congressional votes, which pretty much guaranteed that no decisions would ever be made.
Ahh, super majorities: Always so efficient.
But besides the 2/3rds requirement, the Congress
was very limited in what it could actually do.
The government could declare war, conduct foreign affairs and make treaties – basically, the stuff you need to do to go to war with England.
It could coin money, but it couldn’t collect
taxes; that was left to the states.
So if you needed money to, say, go to war
with Britain, you had to ask the states politely.
The articles could be amended, but that required a unanimous vote, so zero amendments were ever passed.
Esperanto:
La problemo kun la konfederacio estas, ke ĝi ne estis tiel kadro por nacia registaro, ĉar ĝi estis "firma ligo de amikeco,"
kiu bedaŭrinde nur sonas kiel teamo de Care Bear Superheroes.
La artikoloj starigis "registaron", kiu konsistis el unu-doma korpo de delegitoj, kun ĉiu ŝtato havanta solan voĉdonon, kiu, agante kune, povus fari decidojn pri iuj aferoj, kiuj tuŝis ĉiujn ŝtatojn.
Ne estis prezidanto kaj neniu juĝistaro.
Vi povas provi diri al mi, ke John Hanson, la prezidanto de la kongreso, estis la unua Usona prezidanto, sed ĝi ne estas vera.
Ajna decido postulis 9 el la 13 kongresaj voĉdonoj, kiuj sufiĉe garantiis, ke neniuj decidoj estos farita.
Ahh, súper-plimultoj: Ĉiam tiel efika.
Sed krom la 2/3-a postulo, la Kongreso estis tre limigita en tio, kion ĝi povus efektive fari.
La registaro povus deklari militon, fari fremdajn aferojn kaj fari traktatojn - esence, la aferojn, kiujn vi devas fari por iri al milito kun Anglio.
Ĝi povus moneri monon, sed ĝi ne povis kolekti impostojn; kiu restis al la ŝtatoj.
Do, se vi bezonas monon, diri, iru al milito kun Britio, vi devis petegi la ŝtatojn ĝentile.
La artikoloj povus esti ŝanĝitaj, sed tio postulis unuaniman voĉdonon, do nulaj amendoj iam estis pasita.
Portuguese:
O problema com a confederação é que não tinha uma estrutura para um governo nacional, sendo apenas um “elo firme de amizade”,
que infelizmente soa como uma equipe de super-heróis da Care Bear.
Os artigos criaram um "governo" composto por delegados em que cada estado tinha uma só voz. Eles poderiam tomar decisões conjuntas em áreas específicas que envolvessem todos os estados.
Não havia presidente nem tribunais.
Você pode tentar me dizer que John Hanson, o presidente do congresso, foi o primeiro presidente americano, mas isso não é verdade.
Qualquer decisão exigia 9 dos 13 votos do Congresso, o que praticamente garantiu que nenhuma decisão fosse tomada.
Ah, super maiorias: sempre tão eficiente.
Mas, com a exigência de 2/3, o Congresso era muito limitado no que poderia realmente fazer.
O governo podia declarar guerra, conduzir as relações exteriores e fazer tratados - basicamente, tudo que fosse necessário para entrar em guerra com a Inglaterra.
Podiam emitir dinheiro, mas não podiam arrecadar impostos, pois foi deixado para os estados.
Então, se precisasse de dinheiro para, digamos, ir para a guerra
com a Grã-Bretanha, tinha que perguntar educadamente aos estados.
Os artigos poderiam ser alterados, mas isso requeria uma votação unânime, de modo que zero emendas foram aprovadas.
Spanish:
que siguió lógicamente de los estadounidenses '
temores de los gobiernos tiránicos
gravarlos de popa o soldados
en sus casas y así sucesivamente.
Pero aquí está la cosa, gobierno débil
es como la cerveza sin alcohol:
Es inutil.
Dicho esto, el gobierno de los artículos
Qué logró un par de cosas.
En primer lugar, se ganó la guerra.
Así yay-
a menos que fueras un esclavo o una
Nativos americanos, en cuyo caso,
usted sabe, abucheo probable.
En segundo lugar, el gobierno desarrolló reglas
para hacer frente a uno de los más persistente
problemas que enfrenta la nueva nación:
Ohio.
[Deveras]
Que fue llamado el noroeste,
presumiblemente debido a que es
norte y oeste de ... Virginia.
[gusto]
Conseguir el control de la tierra significaba tomar
que a partir de los indios que vivían allí,
y el gobierno de los artículos está facultado
hacer tratados, lo que hizo.
ventiladores Curso acelerado la historia del mundo
Recordemos los atenienses diciendo a los habitantes de Melos
que los fuertes hacen lo que pueden y
los débiles sufren lo que deben,
y los americanos definitivamente fueron a
la Escuela de Atenas del Tratado de decisiones.
A través de los tratados firmados en
Fort Stanwix y Fort McIntosh,
los indios se entregaron tierras
al norte del río Ohio.
El mayor logro
el gobierno de los artículos era
la Ordenanza del Noroeste de 1787, que
establecer un proceso para crear
5 nuevos estados entre el
Ohio y Mississippi ríos.
Dos cosas que debe saber acerca de esto:
English:
The government was deliberately weak, which followed logically from Americans’ fear of tyrannical governments taxing them and quartering soldiers in their houses and so on.
But here’s the thing, weak government is
like nonalcoholic beer: It’s useless.
That said, the Articles government did accomplish
a couple things.
First, it won the war, so, yay – unless you were a slave or a Native American, in which case, you know, probable boo.
Second, the government developed rules for dealing with one of the most persistent problems facing the new nation: Ohio.
Which was called the northwest, presumably
because it is north and west of Virginia.
Getting control of the land meant taking it from the Indians who were living there, and the Articles government was empowered to make treaties, which it did.
Crash Course World History fans will remember the Athenians telling the Melians that “the strong do as they can and the weak suffer what they must,”
and the Americans definitely went to the Athenian
School of Treaty-Making.
Through treaties signed at Fort Stanwix and Fort McIntosh, the Indians surrendered land north of the Ohio River.
The biggest accomplishment of the Articles government was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which set up a process to create 5 new states between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
Danish:
Regeringen var bevidst svag - hvilket var en logisk konsekvens af amerikanernes frygt for en tyrannisk regering, der beskattede dem og indkvarterede soldater i deres hjem og så videre.
Men de glemte en ting, svage regeringer er ligesom ikke-alkoholisk øl: Nyttesløs.
Når det er sagt, så lykkedes den første regering med et par ting.
Først og fremmest vandt de krigen, så Yeah! - med mindre du var slave eller indfødt, i så fald formentlig buh!
For det andet udviklede regeringen regler for at håndtere en af de mest vedholdende problemer for den nye nation: Ohio.
Ohio blev kaldt The Northwest, formentlig fordi det lå både nord og vest for Virginia.
For at få kontrol over det nye landområde måtte man tage det fra de indfødte, der boede der. The Articles gav regeringen lov til at indgå traktater - og det gjorde de.
Crash Course Verdenshistorie-fans vil huske at athenerne fortalte melianerne at "de stærke gør hvad de kan og de svage lider som de må",
og amerikanerne tog helt sikkert den athenske tilgang til traktater til sig.
Gennem traktater underskrevet ved Fort Stanwix og Fort McIntosh opgav indianerne land nord for Ohio-floden.
Den første regerings største bedrift var Nordvest-forordningen fra 1787, der skabte et grundlag for 5 nye stater mellem Ohio- og Mississippi-floderne.
Esperanto:
La registaro estis intence malforta, kiu logike sekvis la timon de la usonanoj pri tiranaj registaroj impostante ilin kaj soldatojn en siaj domoj kaj tiel plu.
Sed jen la afero, malforta registaro estas kiel ne alkohola biero: Ĝi estas netaŭga.
Dirite, la Artikoloj-registaro faris kelkajn aferojn.
Unue, ĝi gajnis la militon, do, hura - krom se vi estus sklavo aŭ indiĝena amerikano, en kies kazo, vi scias, probabla hui.
Due, la registaro disvolvis regulojn por trakti unu el la plej konstantaj problemoj de la nova nacio: Ohio.
Kiu nomiĝis nordokcidenta, supozeble ĉar ĝi estas norde kaj okcidente de Virginio.
Kontroli la landon signifis preni ĝin de la indianoj, kiuj loĝis tie, kaj la Artikoloj-registaro rajtis fari traktatojn, kiujn ĝi faris.
Crash Course Monda Historio-fanoj memoros la ateniensojn dirantan al la Atenanoj, ke "la fortaj faru kiel ili povas kaj la malfortuloj suferas kion ili devas,"
kaj la Usonanoj sendube iris al la Atenea Lernejo pri Traktatoj.
Per traktatoj subskribitaj en Fort Stanwix kaj Fort McIntosh, la Indianoj kapitulacigis landon norde de la Ohio River.
La plej granda realigo de la Artikoloj-registaro estis la Nordokcidenta Ordono de 1787, kiu starigis procezon por krei 5 novajn ŝtatojn inter la riveroj de Ohio kaj Misisipi.
Portuguese:
O governo era deliberadamente fraco, que seguia logicamente o medo dos americanos de governos tirânicos taxando-os e aquartelando soldados em suas casas e assim por diante.
Mas eles se esqueceram de uma coisa: governos fracos são como cerveja sem álcool: inúteis.
Dito isto, o primeiro governo conseguiu algumas coisas.
Primeiro de tudo, eles ganharam a guerra, então Yeah! - a menos que você fosse escravo ou nativo, nesse caso provavelmente buh!
Em segundo lugar, o governo desenvolveu regras para lidar com um dos problemas mais persistentes da nova nação: Ohio
Ohio foi chamado de "Noroeste", provavelmente porque ficava a norte e a oeste da Virgínia.
Para obter o controle da nova área de terra, tinha que pegá-la dos nativos que moravam lá. Os Artigos permitiam ao governo fazer tratados - o que foi feito.
Fãs do Crash Course World History vão lembrar o que os atenienses disseram aos Melians: "os fortes fazem o que podem e os fracos sofrem o que precisam"
Os americanos definitivamente foram para o ateniense uma espécie de Escola de Criação de Tratados.
Por meio de tratados assinados por Fort Stanwix e Fort McIntosh, os índios desembarcaram ao norte do rio Ohio.
A maior realização do governo foi a Lei do Noroeste de 1787, que estabeleceu um processo para criar cinco novos estados entre os rios Ohio e Mississippi.
Esperanto:
Du aferoj scii pri tio: unue, ĝi agnoskis, ke Amerikaj Indianoj demandis la landon kaj ke ili pli bone traktus se la kolonianoj volis eviti perforton.
Kaj due, Stan, ĉu mi povas akiri la antaŭvideblan filtrilon? Jes, perfekta.
La ordono neaktivigita sklaveco en ĉiuj kvin el la novaj ŝtatoj.
Tamen, la Artikoloj-registaro estis kompleta katastrofo por precize unu kialo: ĝi ne povis kolekti impostojn.
La nacia registaro kaj la individuaj ŝtatoj forkaptis multan ŝuldon pagi por la milito, kaj ilia ĉefa fonto de enspezoj fariĝis tarifoj, sed ĉar la Kongreso ne povis postuli ilin, ŝtatoj devis fari ĝin individue.
Kaj ĉi tio faris internacian komercadon tute koŝmaro, fakto plimalbonigita de la Britoj, ke li kverelas pri ni gajnante la militon kaj do ne volonte komerci kun ni.
En 1786 kaj 1787, la problemo akiris tiel malbone en Masaĉuseco, ke kamparanoj leviĝis kaj fermis la tribunalon por malhelpi ilin ekkalkuli siajn ŝuldojn alkalkulitajn bienojn.
Ĉi tio nomis Ribelo de Shays, post veterano de Revolucia Milito kaj farmisto Daniel Shays.
La ribelo estis detruita de la ŝtata milicio, sed por multaj, tio estis la signo, ke la Artikoloj-registaro, kiuj tute ne povis trakti la krizon, devis foriri.
Sed ne por ĉiuj; Thomas Jefferson, ekzemple, estis fervorulo de la Ribelo de Shay.
English:
Two things to know about this: first, it acknowledged that American Indians had a claim to the land and that they had to be treated better if settlers wanted to avoid violence.
And second, Stan, can I get the
foreshadowing filter? Yes, perfect.
The ordinance outlawed slavery in all five
of the new states.
Still, the Articles government was a complete disaster for exactly one reason: It could not collect taxes.
Both the national government and the individual states had racked up massive debt to pay for the war, and their main source of revenue became tariffs, but because Congress couldn’t impose them, states had to do it individually.
And this made international trade a total nightmare, a fact worsened by the British being kinda cranky about us winning the war and therefore unwilling to trade with us.
In 1786 and 1787, the problem got so bad in Massachusetts that farmers rose up and closed the courts to prevent them from foreclosing upon their debt-encumbered farms.
This was called Shays’ Rebellion, after Revolutionary War veteran and indebted farmer Daniel Shays.
The uprising was quelled by the state militia, but for many, this was the sign that the Articles government, which couldn’t deal with the crisis at all, had to go.
But not for everyone; Thomas Jefferson,
for instance, was a fan of Shay’s Rebellion.
Portuguese:
Duas coisas a saber sobre isso: Primeiro, reconhecia que os índios americanos tinham direito à terra e que eles precisavam ser tratados melhor, se os colonos quisessem evitar a violência.
E segundo, Stan, eu posso pegar o
prenunciando filtro? Sim, perfeito.
O decreto proibiu a escravidão em todos os cinco dos novos estados.
Os Artigos, no entanto, ainda eram um completo fracasso por uma razão: eles não podiam cobrar impostos.
Tanto o governo nacional quanto os estados individuais acumularam dívidas enormes para pagar a guerra, e sua principal fonte de receita tornou-se tarifas, mas como o Congresso não conseguiu impor-lhes, os estados tinham que fazê-lo individualmente.
E isso fez do comércio internacional um pesadelo total. Um pesadelo que piorou quando os britânicos perderam a guerra e não mais negociaram com a América.
Em 1786 e 1787, o problema se tornou tão grave em Massachussett, que os fazendeiros se rebelaram e fecharam os tribunais para impedi-los de colocar suas fazendas endividadas em venda forçada.
Esse ato foi chamado de "Rebelião de Shays", em homenagem ao veterano da Guerra Revolucionária e fazendeiro endividado Daniel Shays.
A insurreição foi sufocada pela milícia do Estado, mas para muitos, esse foi o sinal de que o governo dos Artigos, que não conseguia lidar com a crise, teve que partir.
Mas não para todos; Thomas Jefferson, por exemplo, foi o defensor da Rebelião de Shays.
Danish:
I skal vide to ting om forordningen: Den anerkendte at indianerene havde krav på landet og at man blev nødt til at behandle dem bedre, hvis nybyggere skulle undgå vold.
For det andet, Stan kan jeg få varsels-filtret? Ja, perfekt.
Forordningen forbød slaveri i alle fem nye stater.
The Articles var dog stadig en komplet fiasko af én årsag: De kunne ikke opkræve skatter.
Både den nationale regering og de individuelle stater havde opbygget en massiv gæld på grund af krigen og deres største indtægtskilde var told og afgifter. Men fordi kongressen ikke kunne opkræve dem, måtte staterne gøre det én for én.
Og det gjorde international handel til et mareridt. Et mareridt, der kun blev værre af at Briterne ikke ville handle med et land, der lige havde slået dem i en krig.
I 1786 og 1787 blev problemet så slemt i Massachussetts at landmænd gjorde oprør og lukkede domstolene for at forhindre dem i at sætte deres gældstyngede gårde på tvangsauktion.
Det blev kaldt Shays' Rebellion, opkaldt efter en krigshelt og gældsramt landmand Daniel Shays.
Oprøret blev slået ned af statens milits, men for mange var det et tegn på at den første regering, som ikke havde kunnet håndtere krisen, måtte gå af.
Men ikke for alle; Thomas Jefferson for eksempel, var tilhænger af Shays' Rebellion.
Spanish:
En primer lugar, reconoció que América
Indios tenían una demanda a la tierra
y que tenían que ser tratado mejor
Si los colonos querían evitar la violencia,
[solo un pensamiento]
y en segundo lugar, Stan,
puedo obtener el filtro presagio?
Si perfecto.
La esclavitud ordenanza fuera de la ley
en los cinco nuevos estados.
Aún así, el gobierno de los artículos era una
desastre para completar exactamente una de las razones:
No podía recaudar impuestos.
Tanto el gobierno nacional y
los estados individuales habían acumulado
enorme deuda a pagar por la guerra, y su
principal fuente de ingresos se convirtió en aranceles,
sino porque el Congreso no podía imponerlos,
estados tenían que hacerlo de forma individual,
Y esto hizo internacional
comercio una pesadilla,
un hecho agravado por el ser británico
un poco de mal humor sobre nosotros ganar la guerra
y por lo tanto dispuestos a comerciar con nosotros.
En 1786 y 1787, el problema se puso tan mal
en Massachusetts que los agricultores se levantaron
y cerrado los tribunales
para evitar que excluir
en sus granjas gravado por la deuda.
Esto fue llamada Rebelión de Shays,
después de veterano de la Guerra Revolucionaria
y agricultor en deuda Daniel Shays.
El levantamiento fue reprimido por el Estado
milicia, pero para muchos, este fue el signo
que el gobierno de los artículos, los cuales
no pudo hacer frente a la crisis en absoluto,
Tuvo que ir.
Pero no para todos.
Thomas Jefferson, por ejemplo,
era un fan de la rebelión de Shay.
Spanish:
"Una pequeña rebelión de vez en cuando
es una buena cosa.
El árbol de la libertad debe ser
refrescado de vez en cuando
con la sangre de patriotas y tiranos ".
[No pise en que la vieja historia]
Lo cual está muy bien y bueno, quiero decir, a menos
ustedes son los patriotas de sangrado o tiranos.
Sin embargo, para la mayoría de las élites, Rebelión de Shays
mostró que el exceso de libertad democrática
entre las clases bajas podían
poner en peligro la propiedad privada.
Asimismo, las personas que tenían bonos del gobierno
estaban nerviosos, porque sin los ingresos fiscales,
era poco probable que se les paga de nuevo.
Y cuando las personas se sienten como ricos
Hay que hacer algo,
[Robotney Mitt]
algo se hace generalmente.
Vamos a ir a la burbuja de pensamiento.
El primer intento de hacer algo era una reunión
en Annapolis en 1786 el objetivo de una mejor regulación
el comercio internacional. Sólo seis estados enviados
delegados, pero estuvieron de acuerdo en cumplir con la siguiente
año en Filadelfia para "revisar" los artículos
de la Confederación.
Los delegados que se reunieron en Filadelfia el próximo año
tenía una definición divertida de "revisión"
aunque. En lugar de hacer ajustes a los artículos,
escribieron una nueva carta de gobierno, el
Constitución, que es, con alguna significativa
alteraciones, la misma que viven estadounidenses
bajo y discutir sobre la actualidad.
A pesar de lo que algunos parecen creer, el 55
los hombres que se reunieron en Filadelfia y elaboraron
Esperanto:
"Iom de ribelo nun kaj tiam estas bona aĵo.
La arbo de libereco devas esti renovigita de tempo al tempo kun la sango de patriotoj kaj tiranoj."
Kiu estas bona kaj bona, mi volas diri, krom se vi estas la sangantaj patriotoj aŭ tiranoj.
Sed al la plej multaj elitoj, la Ribelo de Shay montris, ke tro da demokratia libereco inter la pli malaltaj klasoj povus minaci privatan posedaĵon.
Ankaŭ, homoj, kiuj tenis registarajn interligojn, estis nervozaj, ĉar sen impostaj enspezoj, ili neŝajne pagis reen.
Kaj kiam riĉuloj sentas ion por fari, io kutime fariĝas.
Ni iru al la Pensa Bobelo [Thought Bubble].
La unua provo fari ion estis renkontiĝo en Annapolis en 1786 por pli bone reguligi internacian komercon.
Nur ses ŝtatoj sendis delegitojn, sed ili konsentis renkonti la venontan jaron en Filadelfio por "revizii" la Artikolojn de Konfederacio.
La delegitoj, kiuj renkontis en Philly la venontan jaron, havis amuzan difinon de "revizio", tamen.
Prefere ol realigado de la artikoloj, ili skribis novan leteron de registaro, la Konstitucio, kiu estas, kun iuj gravaj ŝanĝoj, la saman, ke la usonanoj vivas kaj argumentas pri hodiaŭ.
English:
“A little rebellion now and then is a good
thing.
The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time
to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.”
Which is all fine and good, I mean, unless
you’re the bleeding patriots or tyrants.
But to most elites, Shays’ Rebellion showed that too much democratic liberty among the lower classes could threaten private property.
Also, people who held government bonds were nervous, because without tax revenue, they were unlikely to get paid back.
And when rich people feel like something has
to be done, something is usually done.
Let’s go to the Thought Bubble.
The first attempt to do something was a meeting in Annapolis in 1786 aimed at better regulating international trade.
Only six states sent delegates, but they agreed to meet the next year in Philadelphia to “revise” the Articles of Confederation.
The delegates who met in Philly the next year
had a funny definition of “revision,” though.
Rather than make tweaks to the articles, they wrote a new charter of government, the Constitution, which is, with some significant alterations, the same one that Americans live under and argue about today.
Portuguese:
“Uma pequena rebelião, de vez em quando, pode ser uma coisa boa.
A árvore da liberdade pode ser regada de tempos em tempos com o sangue de patriotas e tiranos.
É tudo muito bom, a menos que você seja um dos patriotas ou tiranos sangrentos.
Mas, para a maioria das elites, a Rebelião de Shays mostrou que, muita liberdade democrática entre as classes mais baixas, poderia acabar ameaçando a propriedade privada.
As pessoas que tinham títulos do governo também estavam preocupadas porque sem receita tributária, era improvável que recuperassem seu dinheiro.
E quando as pessoas ricas sentem a necessidade de fazer algo, algo geralmente é feito.
Vamos para a bolha do pensamento.
A primeira tentativa de fazer algo foi uma reunião em Annapolis em 1786, com o objetivo de regular melhor o comércio internacional.
Apenas seis estados enviaram delegados, mas concordaram em se reunir na Filadélfia no ano seguinte para corrigir os Artigos da Confederação.
Os delegados que se reuniram em Philly no ano seguinte tinham uma definição engraçada de “revisão”.
Em vez de fazer pequenos ajustes, eles escreveram toda uma nova base para o governo, a Constituição que, com mudanças importantes, é a mesma que os americanos vivem e discutem nos dias de hoje.
Danish:
"Et lille oprør nu og da er en god ting.
Frihedens træ må fra tid til anden vandes med patrioters og tyranners blod".
Det er alt sammen meget fint, altså med mindre man er en af de blødende patrioter eller tyranner.
Men for de fleste i eliten viste Shays' Rebellion at for meget demokratisk frihed til underklassen kunne true den private ejendomsret.
Folk der havde statsobligationer var også bekymrede fordi uden skatteindtægt, var det usandsynligt, at de fik deres penge tilbage.
Og når rige mennesker føler behov for at der skal ske noget, så sker det som regel.
Lad os gå til Tænkeboblen.
Første forsøg på at gøre noget var et møde i Annapolis i 1786 som skulle forbedre reguleringen af international handel.
Kun seks stater sendte delegerede, men de enedes om at mødes året efter i Philadelphia for at rette The Articles of Confederation til.
De delegerede der mødtes i Philly året efter havde dog en sjov definition af at rette til.
Snarere end at lave småjusteringer, skrev de et helt nyt grundlag for regeringen, forfatningen, som med vigtige ændringer er den samme, som amerikanerne lever under og skændes om i dag.
Portuguese:
Apesar do que alguns acreditam, os 55 homens que se conheceram na Filadélfia e formaram uma nova forma de governo não eram deuses, mas estavam longe de serem comuns, especialmente para a época.
A maioria era rica, alguns muito ricos.
Mais da metade tinha educação universitária, o que era super raro, pois 0,001% dos americanos frequentavam a faculdade na época.
Cerca de 40% tinham servido ao exército durante a guerra.
Mas, uma coisa que todos compartilhavam era o desejo
de se ter um governo nacional mais forte.
Os delegados concordavam em muitas coisas:
o governo deve ter um executivo, um legislativo, e um judiciário;
E deve ser republicano, com representantes, em vez de uma democracia direta.
Mas, o diabo aparece nos detalhes.
Alexander Hamilton, provavelmente o maior defensor de um governo muito forte, por exemplo, queria que o presidente e o senado ganhassem uma vida inteira.
Essa idéia não deu em nada, porque a preocupação predominante de quase todos os delegados era criar um governo que protegesse contra a tirania do próprio governo e a tirania do povo.
Eles não queriam muito governo, mas não queriam muita democracia. É por isso que o Presidente ainda não é eleito pelo povo comum, mas por 538 membros da assembléia eleitoral.
Danish:
I modsætning til hvad nogle synes at mene, var de 55 mænd som mødtes i Philadelphia og konstruerede en ny statsstyreform ikke guder, men de var langt fra almindelige - især for deres tid.
De fleste var rige, nogle af dem meget rige.
Mere end halvdelen havde en universitetsuddannelse, hvilket var meget sjældent da kun 0.001% af amerikanerne gik på universitetet dengang.
Omkring 40% af dem havde tjent i krigen under Uafhængighedskrigen.
Men en ting de alle havde til fælles var deres ønske om en stærkere national regering.
De delegerede var enige om mange ting:
Staten skulle have en udøvende, en lovgivende og en dømmende magt;
den skulle være en republik, med repræsentanter, snarere end direkte demokrati.
Men djævelen gemte sig i detaljerne.
Alexander Hamilton, nok den største tilhænger af en meget stærk regering, ønskede for eksempel at præsidenten og senatet skulle tjene for livstid.
Idéen var dog dødfødt da de fleste delegeredes klare målsætning var at skabe en regering, der kunne beskytte mod både regeringens eget tyranni og folkets tyranni.
De ønskede ikke for meget statstyring, men de ønskede heller ikke for meget demokrati. Det er derfor præsidenten teknisk set stadig ikke vælges af almindelige mennesker, men af 538 medlemmer af valgmandsforsamlingen.
English:
Despite what some seem to believe, the 55 men who met in Philadelphia and hammered out a new form of government were not gods, but they were far from ordinary, especially for the time.
Most were wealthy, some very much so.
More than half had college educations, which was super rare since .001% of Americans attended college at the time.
About 40% had served in the army during the
war.
But, one thing they all shared was a desire
for a stronger national government.
The delegates agreed on many things:
the government should have executive, legislative,
and judicial branches;
and should be republican, with representatives,
rather than direct democracy.
But the devil appeared in the details.
Alexander Hamilton, probably the biggest proponent of very strong government, wanted the President and Senate to serve life terms, for example.
That idea went nowhere because the overarching concern of almost all the delegates was to create a government that would protect against both tyranny by the government itself and tyranny by the people.
They didn’t want too much government, but they also didn’t want too much democracy, which is why our Presidents are still technically elected not directly by regular people but by 538 members of the Electoral College.
Esperanto:
Malgraŭ tio, kion iuj ŝajnas kredi, la 55 viroj, kiuj renkontis Filadelfion kaj marteligis novan formon de registaro, ne estis dioj, sed ili estis malproksime de ordinaraj, precipe por la tempo.
Plej multaj estis riĉaj, iom tre multe tiel.
Pli ol duono havis kolegiajn edukojn, kiuj estis super maloftaj ekde .001% de usonanoj ĉeestis al la kolegio tiutempe.
Ĉirkaŭ 40% servis en la armeo dum la milito.
Sed unu afero, kiun ili ĉiuj dividis, estis deziro por pli forta nacia registaro.
La delegitoj konsentis pri multaj aferoj:
la registaro devus havi plenumajn, leĝdonajn kaj juĝajn branĉojn;
kaj devus esti respublika, kun reprezentantoj, prefere ol rekta demokratio.
Sed la diablo aperis en la detaloj.
Aleksandro Hamilton, verŝajne la plej granda proponanto de tre forta registaro, volis, ke la Prezidanto kaj la Senato servu vivkondiĉojn, ekzemple.
Tiu ideo iris nenie pro tio, ke la ĝenerala koncerno de preskaŭ ĉiuj delegitoj estis krei registaron, kiu protektus kontraŭ la tiraneco de la registaro mem kaj de tiraneco fare de la homoj.
Ili ne deziris tro da registaro, sed ili ankaŭ ne deziris tro da demokratio, tial niaj Prezidantoj ankoraŭ estas teknike elektitaj ne rekte de regulaj homoj sed de 538 membroj de la Elektada Kolegio.
Spanish:
una nueva forma de gobierno no eran dioses, sino
estaban lejos de ser normal, especialmente para
el tiempo.
La mayoría eran ricos, algunos y mucho. Más
de la mitad tenían educación universitaria, que fue
súper rara, ya que, 001% de los estadounidenses asistieron
universidad en el momento. Alrededor del 40% había servido
en el ejército durante la guerra. Pero, una cosa
todos compartían era el deseo de una mayor
Gobierno nacional.
Los delegados estuvieron de acuerdo en muchas cosas - la
gobierno debería tener ejecutivo, legislativo
y judicial y deben ser republicano,
con representantes, en lugar de la democracia directa.
Pero el diablo apareció en los detalles. Alejandro
Hamilton, probablemente el más grande defensor de la
muy fuerte del gobierno, quería que el presidente
y el Senado para servir términos de vida, por ejemplo.
Esa idea no prosperó debido a que el general
preocupación de casi todos los delegados era
crear un gobierno que proteja contra
tanto la tiranía por el propio gobierno y
tiranía por el pueblo. No querían
demasiado gobierno, sino que también no lo hicieron
quieren demasiada democracia, por lo que nuestro
Los presidentes son técnicamente aún no elegidos
directamente por la gente normal, pero por 538 miembros
del colegio electoral.
Danish:
Systemet er så snørklet og mærkeligt at når amerikanske politikere snakker om at sprede demokrati i verden, så snakker de aldrig om valg efter den amerikanske model.
Tak, Tænkeboble.
Ja, jeg ved I har fantastiske valg i Canada.
Ja, det er rigtigt, også alt det andet. Jeg forstår det, ok?
Det er amerikansk historie det her, Tænkeboble.
Konflikter mellem modsatrettede interesser viste sig hurtigt ved forfatningskonventet i Philadelphia.
Den første modsætning var mellem stater med stor befolkning og stater med lille befolkning.
Store stater støttede James Madisons Virginia-plan, som ønskede et to-kammer-parlament med repræsentation i begge huse baseret på staternes indbyggertal.
Mindre stater, i frygt for at de store drenge ville dominere, bakkede op om New Jersey-planen.
[brummende] New Jersey.
New Jersey-planen ønskede et enkelt kammer med lige repræsentation for hver stat - ligesom med The Articles of Confederation.
Men selvfølgelig, når den kom fra New Jersey, havde den ingen chance for at komme igennem - og det gjorde den heller ikke.
Istedet fik vi det store kompromis mæglet igennem af Connecticuts Roger Sherman, som gav USA to kamre:
Repræsentanternes Hus med medlemmer baseret på staternes indbyggertal og Senatet med to medlemmer fra hver stat.
English:
This system is so byzantine and strange that when American politicians speak of spreading democracy through the world, they never actually advocate for American-style elections.
Thanks, Thought Bubble.
Yes, I know, you have fantastic elections
in Canada.
Yeah, right, OK. All that too.
I get it, OK?
It’s U.S. History, Thought Bubble.
So conflicts between competing interests arose quickly at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
The first being between states with big populations
and those with small populations.
Large states supported James Madison’s Virginia Plan, which called for a two-house legislature with representation in both proportional to a state’s population.
And smaller states, fearing that the big boys would dominate, rallied behind the New Jersey plan.
[muttered] New Jersey.
This called for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state, as with the Articles of Confederation.
But, of course, coming from New Jersey, it had no chance of succeeding, and sure enough, it didn’t.
Instead we got the Great Compromise, brokered by Connecticut’s Roger Sherman, which gave us two houses:
a House of Representatives with representation proportional to each state’s population, and a Senate with two members from each state.
Spanish:
Este sistema es tan bizantino y extraños que
cuando los políticos estadounidenses hablan de difusión
la democracia a través del mundo, que en realidad nunca
defensor de elecciones al estilo americano.
Gracias, Burbuja de pensamiento.
Sí, lo sé, usted tiene
elecciones fantásticos en Canadá.
Sí, claro, está bien. Todo lo que también.
Lo entiendo, ¿de acuerdo?
Es la historia EE.UU., Burbuja de pensamiento.
Así conflictos entre competir
intereses surgieron rápidamente
en la Convención Constitucional
en Filadelfia. El primer ser
entre los estados con poblaciones grandes
y aquellos con poblaciones pequeñas.
estados grandes apoyaron James Madison de
Plan de Virginia, que pidió
un legislatura de dos cámaras con
la representación es proporcional tanto
de la población de un estado.
Y los estados más pequeños,
por temor a que los grandes dominarían,
reunido detrás del plan de Nueva Jersey.
New Jersey…
Esto llama para una sola cámara legislativa
con igual representación para cada estado,
Al igual que con los Artículos de la Confederación.
Pero, por supuesto, procedente de Nueva Jersey,
no tenía ninguna posibilidad de éxito,
y por supuesto no lo hizo.
[Oh oh oh, él está en llamas ...]
En su lugar tenemos el Gran Compromiso,
negociado por Roger Sherman de Connecticut,
lo que nos dio dos casas,
una Cámara de Representantes
con la representación proporcional
de la población de cada estado, y
un Senado con dos miembros de cada estado.
miembros de la Cámara, también llamados congresistas,
Portuguese:
Esse sistema é tão bizantino e estranho que, quando os políticos americanos falam em espalhar a democracia pelo mundo, eles nunca defendem as eleições no estilo americano.
Obrigado, balão pensante.
Sim, eu sei, você tem eleições fantásticas no Canadá.
Sim, certo. Tudo isso também.
Eu entendi, ok?
É a história dos EUA, bolha pensante.
Conflitos entre interesses opostos se mostraram rápidos na convenção constitucional na Filadélfia.
A primeira contradição foi entre estados com grandes populações e estados com populações pequenas.
Os principais estados apoiaram o plano da Virgínia de James Madison, que queria um parlamento de duas câmaras com representação em ambas as casas com base na escolha da população.
Estados menores, temendo que os grandes garotos dominassem, apoiaram-se no plano de Nova Jersey.
[murmurou] New Jersey.
Isso exigia uma única casa legislativa com representação igual para cada estado, como acontece com os Artigos da Confederação.
Mas, claro, vindo de New Jersey, não havia chance de sucesso, e com certeza não aconteceu.
Em vez disso, obtivemos o grande compromisso intermediado pelo Connecticuts Roger Sherman, que deu as duas câmaras aos EUA:
Uma Câmara dos Representantes com representação proporcional à população de cada estado e um Senado com dois membros de cada estado.
Esperanto:
Ĉi tiu sistemo estas tiel bizanca kaj stranga, ke kiam usonaj politikistoj parolas pri disvastigo de demokratio tra la mondo, ili neniam efektive defendas por Usonaj elektoj.
Dankon, Pensa Bobelo [Thought Bubble].
Jes, mi scias, vi havas fantazajn elektojn en Kanado.
Jes, justa, bone. Ĉio tio ankaŭ. Mi komprenas ĝin, OK?
Ĝi estas Usono Historio, Penso Bubble.
Do konfliktoj inter konkurencaj interesoj ŝprucis rapide ĉe la Konstitucia Konvencio en Filadelfio.
La unua estas inter ŝtatoj kun grandaj loĝantaroj kaj tiuj kun malgrandaj loĝantaroj.
Grandaj ŝtatoj apogis la Virginia Planon de James Madison, kiu petis du-doman leĝdonan periodon kun reprezento en ambaŭ proporcia al ŝtata loĝantaro.
Kaj pli malgrandaj ŝtatoj, timante ke la grandaj infanoj regus, kolektiĝis malantaŭ la plano de Nov-Ĵerzejo.
[murmuris] Nov-Ĵerzejo.
Ĉi tio vokis unu leĝdonan domon kun egala reprezento por ĉiu ŝtato, same kiel kun la Artikoloj de Konfederacio.
Sed kompreneble, venante el Nov-Ĵerzejo, ĝi havis nenian ŝancon sukcesi, kaj certe, ne faris tion.
Anstataŭe ni akiris la Grandan Kompromison, rompitan fare de Roger Sherman, kiu donis al ni du domojn:
Ĉambro de Reprezentantoj kun reprezento proporcia al ĉiu loĝantaro de la ŝtato, kaj Senato kun du membroj de ĉiu ŝtato.
English:
House members, also called Congressmen, served two year terms while Senators served six year terms, with 1/3 of them being up for election in every 2 year cycle.
The House was designed to be responsive to the people, while the Senate was created to never pass anything and it was so masterfully designed that it still works to this day.
However, this solution created another problem:
Who should be counted in terms of representation?
Slaveholding states wanted slaves to count toward their population, even though of course they could not vote, because they were property.
States with few slaves argued that slaves shouldn’t be counted as people because, just to be clear, none of these dudes were not racist.
This issue was solved with the notorious 3/5ths
compromise.
For the purpose of determining the population, the total number of white people plus 3/5ths the population of “other persons” – the word “slave” was never used – would be the basis for the calculation.
So yeah, that’s still in the Constitution.
The Constitution also contains a fugitive slave clause requiring any escaped slave to be returned to their master.
And this meant that a slave couldn’t escape slavery by moving to a state where slavery was outlawed, which meant that on some level some states couldn’t enforce their own laws.
Portuguese:
Os membros da Câmara, também chamados de congressistas, cumpriram mandatos de dois anos, enquanto os senadores cumpriram mandatos de seis anos, com 1/3 deles sendo eleitos para cada ciclo de dois anos.
A casa foi projetada para ser responsiva ao povo, enquanto o Senado foi criado para nunca passar nada e foi tão magistralmente projetado que ainda funciona até hoje.
Mas essa solução criou outro problema: Quem deve ser contado ao calcular o número de membros?
Os estados escravistas queriam que os escravos fossem contados, embora, é claro, eles não pudessem votar, porque eram propriedade.
Estados com poucos escravos argumentavam que os escravos não deveriam ser contados como pessoas porque, só para ficar claro, nenhum desses caras eram racistas.
O problema foi resolvido com o infame compromisso de três quintos.
Para calcular a população, o número total de pessoas brancas foi tirado 3/5 de "outras pessoas" - a palavra escrava nunca foi usada.
Então, sim, isso ainda está na Constituição.
A Constituição também contém uma cláusula de escravo fugitivo, exigindo que qualquer escravo fugitivo seja devolvido ao seu dono.
Isso significava que um escravo não poderia escapar da escravidão fugindo para um estado onde a escravidão era proibida. Desta forma, os estados não poderiam impor suas próprias leis.
Danish:
Medlemmer af huset, også kaldet Kongresmedlemmer, tjener i to år, hvor Senatorer tjener i seks år med 1/3 af dem på valg hvert andet år.
Repræsentanternes Hus var designet til at skulle lytte til folket, hvorimod Senatet var skabt til aldrig at vedtage noget, og det var så godt designet at det stadig virker sådan i dag.
Men denne løsning skabte et andet problem: Hvem skulle tælles i forbindelse med udregning af antal medlemmer.
Slavestaterne ønskede at tælle slaverne med, selvom de selvfølgelig ikke kunne stemme fordi de var ejendom
Stater med få slaver ønskede ikke at slaverne skulle tælles med. Bare for at gøre det helt klart: Alle disse mænd var racister.
Problemet blev løst med det berygtede tre-femtedele-kompromis.
For at udregne befolkningen tog man det samlede antal af hvide mennesker og lagde 3/5 af "andre personer" - ordet slave blev aldrig brugt - til.
Så ja - det står stadig i forfatningen.
Forfatnignen indeholder også regler for flygtede slaver, der kræver, at de skal leveres tilbage til deres ejer.
Dette betød at en slave ikke kunne undgå slaveri ved at flygte til en stat hvor slaveri var forbudt. På den måde kunne stater ikke håndhæve deres egne love.
Esperanto:
La membroj de la domoj, ankaŭ nomitaj Kongresanoj, servis du jarojn dum la Senatanoj servis sesjarajn terminojn, kun 1/3 el ili elektitaj dum ĉiu 2-jara ciklo.
La Domo estis desegnita por esti respondema al la homoj, dum la Senato estis kreita por neniam pasi ion kaj ĝi estis tiel bone desegnita, ke ĝi ankoraŭ funkcias ĝis hodiaŭ.
Tamen, ĉi tiu solvo kreis alian problemon: Kiu devus esti kalkulita laŭ esprimoj?
La ŝtatoj de sklavoj volis sklavoj kalkuli al sia loĝantaro, kvankam kompreneble ili ne povis voĉdoni, ĉar ili estis posedaĵoj.
Ŝtatoj kun malmultaj sklavoj argumentis, ke sklavoj ne devas esti kalkulataj kiel homoj, ĉar, nur por esti klaraj, neniu el ĉi tiuj aferoj ne estis rasisma.
Ĉi tiu afero estis solvita kun la fama 3/5-a kompromiso.
Por determini la loĝantaron, la tuta nombro da blankaj homoj pli 3/5-a la loĝantaro de "aliaj personoj" - la vorto "sklavo" neniam uzata - estus la bazo de la kalkulo.
Do jes, tio ankoraŭ estas en la Konstitucio.
La Konstitucio ankaŭ enhavas fugitivan paŭzon postulante, ke iu eskapita sklavo revenu al sia mastro.
Kaj tio signifis, ke sklavo ne povis eskapi de sklaveco movante al ŝtato kie sklaveco estis malpermesita, kio signifis, ke en iuj niveloj iuj ŝtatoj ne povis plenumi siajn proprajn leĝojn.
Spanish:
servido períodos de dos años, mientras
Los senadores sirven términos de seis años,
con 1/3 de ellos para
elecciones en cada ciclo de 2 años.
La casa fue diseñada para ser
sensible a las personas,
mientras que el Senado se ha creado
para que nunca pasa nada
y fue diseñado de forma magistral
que todavía funciona en la actualidad.
[misión cumplida]
Sin embargo, esta solución
creado otro problema:
¿Quién debe ser contado
en términos de representación?
estados esclavistas querían esclavos
a contar para su población,
aunque por supuesto no podían votar,
porque eran propiedad.
Los estados con pocos esclavos argumentaron que los esclavos
no debe ser contado como personas porque,
Solo para aclarar,
ninguno de estos tipos no eran racistas.
[#ForefatherProblems]
Este problema se resolvió con
el notorio 3 / compromiso 5as.
Para
la determinación de la población,
el número total de personas de raza blanca, más
3 / 5ths la población de "otras personas"
- La palabra "esclavo" nunca fue utilizado -
sería la base para el cálculo.
Así que sí. Eso sigue siendo en la constitución.
[Palabra "incómoda no llega siquiera a acercarse]
La Constitución contiene también
una cláusula esclavo fugitivo
requerir ningún esclavo fugitivo
para ser devueltos a su maestro.
Y esto significaba que un esclavo no podía
escapar de la esclavitud moviendo a un estado
donde se prohibió la esclavitud,
lo que significa que en algún nivel un poco
los estados no podían cumplir sus propias leyes.
Portuguese:
Alerta de spoiler: será problemático mais tarde.
Mas, exceto pela tirania da escravidão, os criadores realmente odiavam a tirania.
Para evitar a tirania do governo, a Constituição adotou dois princípios: separação de poderes e federalismo.
O poder do estado acabou sendo dividido em três: legislativo, executivo e judiciário, e a Constituição introduziu vários órgãos para se controlarem mutuamente.
O legislativo pode fazer leis, mas o presidente pode vetar essas leis.
O Judiciário pode declarar as leis nulas, mas também deveriam se submeter a essas leis.
Você não vai encontrá-lo na Constituição - eu prometo, você pode procurar por isso.
E o federalismo é a ideia de que a autoridade governamental repousa tanto no governo nacional quanto no estadual.
Como americano, eu sou um cidadão tanto do Estados Unidos e do estado de Indiana.
E o governo nacional, que é governado pela Constituição, deve ser limitado a certas áreas específicas.
A maioria dos outros poderes, especialmente a proteção de
saúde, segurança e moral, são deixados para os estados.
Mas, a Constituição também procura proteger contra o radicalismo que a democracia demais pode trazer.
English:
Spoiler alert: this becomes problematic.
But except for the tyranny of slavery, the
framers really hated tyranny.
To avoid tyranny of the government, the Constitution embraced two principles: Separation of powers and federalism.
The government was divided into three branches – legislative, executive, and judiciary, and the Constitution incorporated checks and balances: each branch can check the power
The legislature can make laws, but the president
can veto those laws.
The judiciary can declare laws void, too,
but that’s a power they had to grant themselves.
You won’t find it in the Constitution – I
promise, you can look for it.
And federalism is the idea that governmental authority rests both in the national and the state governments.
As an American, I am a citizen both of the
United States and of the state of Indiana.
And the national government, the one set up by the Constitution, is supposed to be limited in scope to certain enumerated powers.
Most other powers, especially the protection of
health, safety and morals, are left to the states.
But the Constitution also seeks to protect against the radicalism that too much democracy can bring.
Esperanto:
Alerta de spoiler: ĉi tio iĝas problema.
Sed krom la tiraneco de sklaveco, la kadroj vere malamis tiranon.
Por eviti la tiranon de la registaro, la Konstitucio ampleksis du principojn: Disiĝo de povoj kaj federismo.
La registaro estis dividita en tri branĉojn - leĝdonaj, ekzekutivaj kaj juĝistoj, kaj la Konstitucio korpigis ĉekojn kaj ekvilibrojn: ĉiu branĉo povas kontroli la potencon
La leĝdona periodo povas fari leĝojn, sed la prezidanto povas vetoi tiujn leĝojn.
La juĝisto povas ankaŭ deklari leĝojn senvaloraj, sed tio estas potenco kiun ili devis doni al si mem.
Vi ne trovos ĝin en la Konstitucio - Mi promesas, ke vi povas serĉi ĝin.
Kaj la federismo estas la ideo, ke registara aŭtoritato ripozas en la naciaj kaj ŝtataj registaroj.
Kiel Usonano, mi estas civitano de Usono kaj de la ŝtato de Indiana.
Kaj la nacia registaro, la starigita de la Konstitucio, devas esti limigita al iuj certigitaj povoj.
La plej multaj aliaj potencoj, precipe la protekto de sano, sekureco kaj moralo, restas al la ŝtatoj.
Sed la Konstitucio ankaŭ serĉas protekti kontraŭ la radikalismo, kiun tro multe da demokratio povas alporti.
Spanish:
Spoiler de alerta: se convierte en un problema.
Sin embargo, a excepción de la tiranía de la esclavitud,
los autores realmente odiaba la tiranía.
Para evitar la tiranía del gobierno, la
Constitución abrazó dos principios:
La separación de poderes y el federalismo.
El gobierno se dividió
en tres oficinas-
legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial,
y la constitución incorporado
pesos y contrapesos:
cada rama puede comprobar
el poder de los otros.
El legislador puede hacer leyes,
pero el presidente puede vetar las leyes.
El poder judicial puede declarar nulas las leyes, también,
pero eso es un poder que tenían la concesión de sí mismos-
usted no lo encontrará en la Constitución.
Lo prometo. Puede buscar.
[Pausa de prensa. bueno, espera.]
Y el federalismo es la idea de que
autoridad gubernamental se apoya tanto
en el que los gobiernos nacionales y estatales.
Como estadounidense, soy un ciudadano tanto de la
Estados Unidos y del estado de Indiana.
Y el gobierno nacional,
la creada por la constitución,
se supone que es limitada en su alcance
a ciertos poderes enumerados.
La mayoría de los otros poderes,
especialmente a la protección de la salud,
seguridad y la moralidad, se dejan a los estados.
Pero la Constitución también busca proteger
contra el radicalismo que
demasiada democracia puede traer.
Los autores en su mayoría ricos preocupados
que el pueblo,
muchos de los cuales eran pobres y endeudados,
podrían votar en las personas de congresos,
o Dios no lo quiera un Presidente, a favor de,
Danish:
Spoiler alert: Det bliver problematisk senere.
Men bortset fra slaveriets tyranni, så hadede forfatningsfædrene virkelig tyranni.
For at undgå regeringens tyranni omfavnede forfatningen to principper: Magtdeling og føderalisme.
Statens magt blev tredelt: lovgivende, udførende og dømmende, og forfatningen indførte at de forskellige organer kontrollerer hinanden.
Den lovgivende magt kan vedtage love, men præsidenten kan nedlægge veto.
Domstolene kan også erklære love ugyldige, men den magt tildelte de sig selv.
Du finder ikke den ret i forfatningen - kig selv efter!
Og føderalisme er idéen om at statsmagten deles mellem den nationale regering og staternes regeringer.
Som amerikaner er jeg statsborger i både USA og Indiana.
Og den nationale regering, den der reguleres i forfatningen, skal være begrænset til visse specifikke områder.
De fleste andre områder, især hvad angår helbred, sikkerhed og moral, efterlades til staterne.
Men forfatningen forsøger også at beskytte mod den ekstremisme som for meget demokrati kan medføre.
Danish:
De hovedsageligt rige forfatningsfædre var bekymrede for at folket, som ofte var fattige og forgældede, ville vælge Kongresmedlemmer eller, Gud forbyde det, en præsident, som var tilhænger af omfordeling af formuer.
For at forhindre dette blev Senatorer valgt af staten, oftest i staternes parlamenter, og det var meningen at de skulle være de ledende borgere.
Du ved, den slags gode amerikanere, som tager imod bestikkelse, boller udenom på lufthavnstoiletter, går til prostituerede og skyder Alexander Hamilton.
Den anden afskærmning mod for meget demokrati var den førnævnte Valgmandsforsamling, som mange amerikanere hader fordi den kan vælge en præsident, som ikke fik flest stemmer. Men det er meningen.
Valgmændende skulle være prominente, veluddannede og ejendomsbesiddende mænd, som ville være bedre til at vælge en præsident end, du ved, rosset.
Men USA's forfatning er et meget imponerende dokument, især hvis man tænker på dens lange levetid.
Jeg mener, som Crash Course Verdenshistorie-fans vil huske, så er nationalstaten ret ny på den historiske scene, og USA, som grundlagt i forfatningen er faktisk en af de ældste.
Men forfatningen ville være meningsløs hvis ikke den var blevet ratificeret. Det blev den, men ikke uden en kamp, der blotlagde USA's politiske ideologi.
9 ud af 13 stater skulle ratificere forfatnignen i specielle kongresser indkaldt til formålet.
Esperanto:
La plej riĉaj kadroj maltrankviliĝis, ke la homoj, multaj el kiuj estis malriĉaj kaj endeudataj, povus voĉdoni en kongresaj homoj, aŭ Dio malpermesas al Prezidanto, al favoro, kiel redistribuado de posedaĵoj.
Por kontraŭstari ĉi tion, senatanoj estis elektitaj de la ŝtatoj, kutime laŭ ŝtataj leĝdonaj periodoj, kaj ili supozis, kiel, kondukante civitanajn tipojn.
Vi scias, la bonan Usonanojn, kiuj prenas sobornos kaj havas adulterajn aferojn en flughavenaj banĉambroj kaj mastrumas prostituitojn kaj pafas Alexander Hamilton.
De ĉiuj modoj, la alia heĝo kontraŭ la tro da demokratio estas la menciita Elektada Kolegio, kiun multaj Usonanoj malamas ĉar ĝi havas la eblon elekti prezidanton, kiu ne gajnis la popularan voĉdonon, sed tio estas tia punkto.
La elektantoj supozis esti elstaraj, edukitaj homoj de posedaĵo, kiuj pli bone povis elekti prezidanton, ol, kiel la rabulo.
Sed la Konstitucio de Usono estas vere impresa dokumento, precipe kiam vi konsideras sian longevivecon.
Mi volas diri, ĉar la fanatikaj de Crash Course World History memoros, la nacioŝtato estas sufiĉe nova sur la historia sceno, kaj Usono establita de la Konstitucio, fakte estas unu el la plej malnovaj.
Sed la Konstitucio estus sendifekta, se ĝi ne estus ratifikita, kio estis, sed ne sen batalo, kiu helpis klarigi la politikan ideologion de Ameriko.
9 el la 13 ŝtatoj postulis ratifiki la Konstitucion en specialaj konvencioj nomitaj por la celo.
English:
The mostly rich framers worried that the people, many of whom were poor and indebted, might vote in congress people, or God forbid a President, in favor of, like, redistribution of property.
To hedge against this, senators were elected by the states, usually by state legislatures, and they were supposed to be, like, leading citizen types.
You know, the kind of good Americans who take bribes and have adulterous affairs in airport bathrooms and patronize prostitutes and shoot Alexander Hamilton.
Anyway, the other hedge against too much democracy is the aforementioned Electoral College, which many Americans hate because it has the potential to elect a president who did not win the popular vote, but that’s kind of the point.
The electors were supposed to be prominent, educated men of property who were better able to elect a president than, like, the rabble.
But, the Constitution of the United States is a really impressive document, especially when you consider its longevity.
I mean, as Crash Course World History fans will remember, the nation-state is pretty new on the historical scene, and the United States established by the Constitution, is actually one of the oldest ones.
But the Constitution would be meaningless if it hadn’t been ratified, which it was, but not without a fight that helped clarify America’s political ideology.
9 out of the 13 states were required to ratify the Constitution in special conventions called for the purpose.
Portuguese:
Os redatores, em sua maioria ricos, temiam que as pessoas, muitas das quais eram pobres e endividadas, pudessem votar no povo do congresso, ou que Deus proibisse um presidente ser a favor da redistribuição de propriedade.
Para evitar isso, os senadores foram eleitos pelo estado, mais frequentemente nos parlamentos dos estados e deveriam ser os principais cidadãos.
Você sabe, o tipo de bons americanos que aceitam suborno e têm casos adúlteros nos banheiros do aeroporto, patrocinam prostitutas e atiram em Alexander Hamilton.
De qualquer forma, o problema de ter democracia demais é a eleição, pois muitos americanos odeiam a possibilidade de se eleger um presidente que não ganhou pelo voto popular, mas esse era o objetivo.
Os eleitores deveriam ser homens de propriedade proeminentes, educados, que fossem mais capazes de eleger um presidente que não fosse de classe mais baixa.
Mas a Constituição dos Estados Unidos é um documento realmente impressionante, especialmente quando se considera sua longevidade.
Quero dizer, os fãs da Crash Course World History vão lembrar que o estado-nação é novo no cenário histórico, e os Estados Unidos, estabelecido pela Constituição são, na verdade, um dos mais antigos.
Mas, a Constituição não teria sentido se não tivesse sido ratificado. A ratificação ocorreu, mas não sem uma luta que ajudou a esclarecer a ideologia política dos EUA.
9 dos 13 estados foram obrigados a ratificar a Constituição em convenções especiais convocadas para o feito.
Spanish:
al igual que, la redistribución de la propiedad.
Para protegerse contra esto,
senadores eran elegidos por los estados,
por lo general por las legislaturas estatales,
y se supone que son, como,
líder tipos de ciudadanos.
Ya sabes, el tipo de bien
Estadounidenses que toman sobornos
y tienen relaciones adúlteras en el aeropuerto
baños y los servicios de prostitutas
y disparar Alexander Hamilton.
De todas formas,
Por otra cobertura contra la demasiada democracia
es el colegio electoral mencionado,
la cual muchos estadounidenses odio porque
que tiene el potencial para elegir presidente
que no ganó el voto popular,
pero eso es una especie de punto.
Los electores se suponía que eran
prominentes, hombres educados de propiedad
que eran más capaces de elegir a un
presidente que, al igual que, la chusma.
Sin embargo, la Constitución de los Estados
Unidos es un documento realmente impresionante,
sobre todo cuando se
considerar su longevidad.
Es decir, como Crash Course Historia del Mundo
aficionados recordarán,
el Estado-nación es bastante nuevo
en la escena histórica,
y los Estados Unidos
establecido por la constitución,
es en realidad uno de los más antiguos.
Pero la Constitución no tendría sentido
si no hubiera sido ratificado,
que se encontraba,
pero no sin una pelea que ayudó
aclarar la ideología política de los Estados Unidos.
9 de los 13 estados eran
requerido para ratificar la Constitución
en los convenios especiales llamadas
con el propósito.
Con el fin de convencer a la
delegados a votar por él,
Portuguese:
A fim de convencer os delegados a votarem nela, três dos fundadores: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison e John Jay, escreveram uma série de 85 ensaios que, juntos, são conhecidos como Documentos Federalistas.
Juntos, eles são um argumento poderoso e, em última instância, persuasivo, sobre por que um governo nacional forte é necessário e, em última análise, não é uma ameaça à liberdade das pessoas.
Oh, é hora do Documento Misterioso?
As regras aqui são simples.
Se eu dar o nome do autor do Documento Misterioso, terão um choque de surpresa. Se não se chocar ... [ruído gorgolejante]
Tudo bem Stan, vamos ver o que temos.
“Se as circunstâncias devem a qualquer momento obrigar o governo a formar um exército de qualquer magnitude, esse exército nunca poderá ser formidável para as liberdades do povo enquanto houver um grande corpo de cidadãos, pouco ou nada inferior a eles em disciplina e o uso de armas, que estão prontos para defender seus próprios direitos e
os dos seus concidadãos.
Isto parece-me o único substituto que pode ser inventado para um exército permanente e a melhor segurança possível contra ele, caso exista. ”
Papéis federalistas. Alexander Hamilton.
[barulho] sim.
Muito fácil, Stan, embora eu aprecie o
oportunidade para um divertido.
Danish:
For at overbevise de delegerede om at stemme for forfatningen, skrev tre af forfatningsfædrene, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison og John Jay, 85 essays som til sammen er kendt som Federalist Papers.
Alt i alt er de et kraftfuldt og i sidste ende overbevisende argument for, hvorfor en stærk national regering er nødvendig og IKKE en trussel mod menneskers frihed.
Åh, det er tid for Mysteriedokumentet?
Reglerne er simple.
Hvis jeg kan nævne forfatteren af Mysteriedokumentet får I et chok, som i overraskelse. Ellers får jeg et chok som i strømstød.
All right, Stan, lad os se hvad vi har at gøre med.
"Hvis omstændighederne skulle, på noget tidspunkt, forpligte regeringen til at danne en hær af en hvilken som helst størrelse, kan hæren aldrig være drabelig over for folkets friheder, hvis der er en stor gruppe af borgere, der kun er hæren en smule underlegen i diciplin og våbenbrug, som står rede til at forsvare deres egne rettigheder og deres medborgeres.
Dette fremstår for mig som den eneste erstatning der kan anvises for en stående hær og den bedste sikring mod den, hvis den skulle eksistere."
Federalist Papers. Alexander Hamilton. Yes
For nemt, Stan, selvom jeg sætter pris på muligheden for et rant.
English:
In order to convince the delegates to vote for it, three of the framers, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of 85 essays that together are known as the Federalist Papers.
Taken together, they’re a powerful and ultimately persuasive argument for why a strong national government is necessary and ultimately not a threat to people’s liberty.
Oh, it’s time for the Mystery Document?
The rules here are simple.
If I name the author of the Mystery Document, shock as in surprise. If I don’t shock as in [gurgling noise]
All right, Stan, let’s see what we’ve
got here.
“If circumstances should at any time oblige the government to form an army of any magnitude that army can never be formidable to the liberties of the people while there is a large body of citizens, little, if at all, inferior to them in discipline and the use of arms, who stand ready to defend their own rights and
those of their fellow-citizens.
This appears to me the only substitute that can be devised for a standing army, and the best possible security against it, if it should exist.”
Federalist Papers. Alexander Hamilton.
[dinging noise] YES.
Too easy, Stan, although I appreciate the
opportunity for a rant.
Esperanto:
Por konvinki al la delegitoj voĉdoni por ĝi, tri el la kadroj, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, kaj John Jay skribis serion de 85 provoj, kiuj kune estas konataj kiel la Federismaj Paperoj.
Kune ili estas potenca kaj finfine persvada argumento pri kial forta nacia registaro estas necesa kaj finfine ne minaco por la libereco de homoj.
Ho, estas tempo por la Mistero-Dokumento?
La reguloj ĉi tie estas simplaj.
Se mi nomumas la aŭtoron de la Mistero-Dokumento, ŝoku tiel surprizite. Se mi ne ŝokas kvazaŭ en [ŝvela bruo]
Bone, Stan, ni vidu, kion ni havas ĉi tie.
"Se cirkonstancoj iam devigas la registaron formi armeon de iu grando, tiu armeo neniam povas esti formidebla al la liberecoj de la homoj dum ekzistas granda korpo de civitanoj, malmulte, malpli, malpli ol ili en disciplino kaj la uzado de armiloj, kiuj staras pretaj por protekti siajn proprajn rajtojn kaj siajn samkuritanojn.
Ĉi tio ŝajnas al mi la sola anstataŭaĵo, kiu povas esti konceptita por staranta armeo, kaj la plej bona ebla sekureco kontraŭ ĝi, se ĝi devus ekzisti."
Federismaj Paperoj. Aleksandro Hamilton. [sonoranta bruon] JES.
Tre facila, Stan, kvankam mi dankas la ŝancon por patoso.
Spanish:
tres de los autores, Alexander Hamilton,
James Madison y John Jay
escribió una serie de 85 ensayos que en conjunto
que se conoce como la "Federalist Papers".
Tomados en conjunto, son un poderoso
y en última instancia, argumento persuasivo
por qué un gobierno nacional fuerte
es necesario y en última instancia
no una amenaza a la libertad de las personas.
Oh, es hora de que el Documento de misterio?
Las reglas son sencillas.
Si el nombre del autor del documento de misterio,
choque como en sorpresa.
Si no como en shock ...
[Huevos revueltos del verde consigue]
Muy bien, Stan,
vamos a ver lo que tenemos aquí.
Si las circunstancias en cualquier momento obligará
el gobierno para formar un ejército de cualquier magnitud
que el ejército nunca puede ser formidable para las libertades
de las personas, mientras que hay un cuerpo grande
de los ciudadanos, poco, en todo caso, inferior a
en la disciplina y el uso de armas, que
estar preparados para defender sus propios derechos y
los de sus conciudadanos. esto parece
para mí el único sustituto que se pueden ideó
para un ejército permanente, y lo mejor posible
la seguridad en contra de ella, si debe existir.
Papeles Federalistas. Alexander Hamilton.
SÍ.
Demasiado fácil, Stan,
aunque aprecio la
oportunidad para una perorata ..
Esperanto:
La tuta ideo de la Dua Amendo estis ke la homoj povus protekti sin mem de staranta armeo per samkapablo.
Kiu, ĉi tiuj tagoj, signifus ne, ke civitanoj rajtas aĉeti atakajn fusilojn, sed ke ili rajtas aĉeti, kiel ekzemple, nekapablajn fusilojn.
Kaj eble, valizaj nukoj.
Kaj laŭ la vojo, en la Konstitucio, ĉi tio ne estas listigita kiel privilegio, ĝi estas listigita kiel rajto.
Kaj, kiel rajto, se mi ne povas pagi mian propran depredanton, mi supozas, ke la registaro aĉetos unu por mi.
Preskaŭ kvazaŭ Alexander Hamilton tute ne sciis, ke armilo unu tagon antaŭeniras antaŭ la musketon.
(Postskribo) Ĉu vi scias, kiel mortis Alexander Hamilton?
PAFILPAFO. Bedaŭrinde, mi nur devis.
Mi estas sur rulo.
Do facile estus ignori la homojn, kiuj kontraŭstaris la Konstitucion, ĉar vi scias, ili perdis.
Sed iuj el la ideoj de ĉi tiuj nomataj Kontraŭfederismoj estis aparte potencaj, kaj ili meritas iom da atento.
Kontraŭfederismaj, kontraste kun la plej riĉaj federistoj, kutime estis subtenataj de komunaj homoj, malgrandaj kamparanoj, kiuj ne partoprenis en komerca aktiveco.
Ili vidis malpli bezonon por forta nacia registaro, kiu nutrus komercon kaj protektos kreditantojn.
Kaj la kontraŭfederismanoj tre timis fortan registaron, precipe unu regitan de la riĉuloj.
Spanish:
La idea de la segunda enmienda era
que la gente pudiera protegerse
de un ejército permanente por
siendo igual de bien armados.
Lo cual, en estos días,
no significaría que los ciudadanos deben tener
el derecho a comprar rifles de asalto,
pero que ellos deben tener la
derecho a comprar, como, aviones no tripulados.
Y podría decirse que, maletines nucleares.
Y, por cierto, en la Constitución,
esto no aparece en la lista como un privilegio,
que está catalogado como un derecho.
Y, como un derecho,
si no puedo pagar mi propio avión no tripulado depredador,
Creo que el gobierno
debe comprar uno para mí.
Es casi como si Alexander Hamilton
no tenía forma de saber que el armamento
un día se avance más allá del fusil.
PD usted sabe cómo murió Alexander Hamilton?
CAÑONAZO. Lo sentimos, sólo, tenía que hacerlo.
Estoy en un rollo.
Por lo tanto, sería fácil hacer caso omiso de las personas
que se opuso a la Constitución porque,
usted sabe, que perdieron.
Pero algunas de las ideas de éstos
los llamados antifederalistas
fueron particularmente poderosa,
y que se merecen un poco de atención.
Antifederalistas, a diferencia del mostly-
federalistas ricos,
por lo general fueron apoyados por la gente común,
los pequeños agricultores que no eran
como implicados en la actividad comercial
Vieron una menor necesidad de una
gobierno nacional fuerte que
fomente el comercio y proteger a los acreedores.
Y, los antifederalistas estaban
mucho miedo de un gobierno fuerte,
especialmente uno dominado por los ricos.
Escritores como James Winthrop sostuvieron que una
grupo grande de estados unidos sería
Portuguese:
A ideia da Segunda Emenda era que o povo pudesse se proteger de um exército permanente, estando igualmente bem armado.
O que, hoje em dia, significaria ter o direito de comprar drones não tripulados em vez de fuzis.
E sem dúvida, malas com armas nucleares.
E, a propósito, na Constituição, isso
não está listado como um privilégio, está listado como um direito.
E, como um direito, se eu não puder pagar meu próprio drone predador, acho que o governo deveria comprar um para mim.
É quase como se Alexander Hamilton não tinha como saber que o armamento um dia passaria a ser um mosquete.
Obs.: Você sabe como Alexander Hamilton morreu?
TIRO. Desculpe, eu tinha que dizer isso.
Eu estou em um rolo
Então, seria fácil ignorar as pessoas que se opunham à Constituição porque, você sabe, elas perderam.
Mas, algumas das idéias desses chamados anti-federalistas eram particularmente poderosas e merecem um pouco de atenção.
Os anti-federalistas, ao contrário dos federalistas mais ricos, geralmente eram apoiados por pessoas comuns, pequenos agricultores, que não eram tão envolvidos na atividade comercial.
Eles viram menos necessidade de um governo nacional forte, que fomentaria o comércio e protegeria os credores.
E os anti-federalistas tinham muito medo de um governo forte, especialmente um dominado pelos ricos.
English:
The whole idea of the Second Amendment was that the people could protect themselves from a standing army by being equally well-armed.
Which, these days, would mean not that citizens should have the right to buy assault rifles, but that they should have the right to buy, like, unmanned drones.
And arguably, suitcase nukes.
And by the way, in the Constitution, this
is not listed as a privilege, it is listed as a right.
And, as a right, if I can’t afford my own predator drone, I guess the government should buy one for me.
It’s almost as if Alexander Hamilton had no way of knowing that weaponry would one day advance past the musket.
P.S. You know how Alexander Hamilton died?
GUNSHOT. Sorry, I just, I had to.
I am on a roll.
So, it would be easy to ignore the people who opposed the Constitution because, you know, they lost.
But some of the ideas of these so-called Anti-Federalists were particularly powerful, and they deserve a bit of attention.
Anti-Federalists, unlike the mostly wealthy federalists, were usually supported by common people, small farmers who weren’t as involved in commercial activity.
They saw less need for a strong national government
that would foster trade and protect creditors.
And, the Anti-Federalists were very afraid of a strong government, especially one dominated by the wealthy.
Danish:
Hele idéen med den anden forfatningstilføjelse (retten til at bære våben) var at folk kunne beskytte sig selv mod en stående hær, fordi de selv var bevæbnede.
I disse dage svarer det ikke til at befolkningen skal have ret til at købe automatrifler, men at de skal kunne købe droner.
Og velsagtens atombomber i kuffertstørrelse.
Og forresten, i forfatningen er det ikke nævnt som et privilegie, men som en rettighed.
Og siden det er en rettighed, går jeg ud fra at regeringen skal købe våben til mig, hvis jeg ikke selv har råd.
Det er næsten som om Alexander Hamilton ikke havde nogen måde at vide, at våbenteknologi ville udvikle sig forbi forladergeværet.
PS: Ved du hvordan Alexander Hamilton døde?
Han blev SKUDT. Undskyld, jeg blev nødt til det.
Jeg kører bare.
Det ville være nemt at ignorere de mennesker, der var imod forfatningen fordi, du ved, de tabte.
Men nogle af de såkaldte anti-føderalister havde meget magt og de fortjener en smule opmærksomhed.
Anti-føderalisterne, i modsætning til de hovedsageligt rige føderalister, blev normalt støttet af almindelige mennesker; små landmænd som ikke var så meget involveret i handel.
De så mindre grund til en stærk national regering, som kunne understøtte handel og beskytte udlånere.
Og anti-føderalisterne var meget bange for en stærk regering, især én, der blev domineret af de rige.
Spanish:
como un imperio y
"Que no puede ser extenso imperio
gobernado en los principios republicanos ".
Como evidencia, podría apuntar a Gran Bretaña,
o todo el camino de regreso a Roma.
Más pequeño, más gobiernos locales,
son más sensibles a las personas y
más capaces de proteger sus derechos.
Para los anti-federalistas,
eso significaba que los gobiernos estatales.
Y si bien en última instancia, los federalistas ganaron
y la Constitución fue ratificada,
la cuestión de qué tan grande Gobierno
debe ser no desapareció.
Así, la Constitución fue
en realidad sólo un punto de partida.
Es un documento vago,
y los detalles serían
elaborado en el proceso político.
Y luego en el campo de batalla.
[Misma dif?]
Gracias por ver.
Nos vemos la próxima semana.
Curso acelerado se produjo y dirigió
por Stan Muller.
Nuestro supervisor guionista
Meredith es Danko.
El espectáculo está escrito por mi secundaria
profesor de historia, Raoul Meyer, y yo.
Editado por
Stan y Mark Olsen.
El productor asociado
es Danica Johnson.
Y nuestro equipo de gráficos
Se cree Cafe.
Si tiene preguntas sobre el vídeo de hoy,
o nada acerca de la historia de América,
¡buenas noticias!
Hay historiadores en los comentarios,
así que pregunte a distancia.
Gracias por su atención Crash Course
y como decimos en mi pueblo,
No se olvide
La historia es una mentira acordado.
Portuguese:
Escritores como James Winthrop sustentavam que um grande grupo de estados unidos seria como um império e "que nenhum império extenso pode ser governado sobre os princípios republicanos".
Como prova, ele poderia apontar para a Grã-Bretanha ou para todo o caminho de volta para Roma.
Governos menores, locais, são mais receptivos às pessoas e mais capazes de proteger seus direitos.
Para os anti-federalistas, isso significava estado de governos.
E, quando os federalistas finalmente venceram e a Constituição foi ratificada, a questão do governo grande não foi embora.
Então, a Constituição foi realmente apenas um ponto de partida.
É um documento vago e os detalhes deveriam ser trabalhado no processo político.
E, então, no campo de batalha.
Obrigado por assistir.
Até a próxima semana.
Crash Course é produzido e dirigido por Stan Muller.
Nosso supervisor de roteiro é Meredith Danko.
O texto foi escrito pelo meu professor de história do ensino médio, Raoul Meyer e eu.
Editado por Stan e Mark Olsen.
A produtora associada é Danica Johnson.
E nossa equipe de gráficos é o bolha pensante.
Se você tiver dúvidas sobre o vídeo de hoje, ou qualquer coisa sobre a história americana, boas notícias:
há historiadores nos comentários, então perguntem.
Obrigado por assistir o Crash Course e como dizemos em nossa cidade natal, não esqueça de ser incrível.
English:
Writers like James Winthrop held that a large group of united states would be like an empire and “that no extensive empire can be governed upon Republican principles.”
As evidence, he could point to Britain, or
all the way back to Rome.
Smaller, more local governments, are more responsive to the people and better able to protect their rights.
To the Anti-Federalists, that meant state
governments.
And while ultimately the Federalists won out and the Constitution was ratified, the issue of how large government should be did not go away.
So, the Constitution was really only a starting
point.
It’s a vague document, and the details would
be worked out in the political process.
And then on the battlefield.
Thanks for watching.
I’ll see you next week.
Crash Course is produced and directed by Stan
Muller.
Our script supervisor is Meredith Danko.
The show is written by my high school history
teacher, Raoul Meyer, and myself.
Edited by Stan and Mark Olsen.
The associate producer is Danica Johnson.
And our graphics team is Thought Bubble.
If you have questions about today’s video,
or anything about American history, good news:
there are historians in comments, so ask away.
Thanks for watching Crash Course and as we
say in my hometown, Don’t Forget To Be Awesome.
Esperanto:
Verkistoj kiel James Winthrop tenis, ke granda grupo de unuiĝintaj ŝtatoj estus kiel imperio kaj "ke neniu ampleksa imperio povas esti regita sur Respublikaj principoj".
Kiel evidenteco, li povus noti al Britio, aŭ ĉien reen al Romo.
Pli malgrandaj, pli lokaj registaroj, pli respondas al la homoj kaj pli bone kapablas protekti siajn rajtojn.
Al la kontraŭfederismaj, tio signifis ŝtatajn registarojn.
Kaj dum finfine la federistoj gajnis kaj la Konstitucio estis ratifikita, la problemo pri kiom granda registaro devus ne foriri.
Do, la Konstitucio estis vere nur komencpunkto.
Ĝi estas pigra dokumento, kaj la detaloj funkciiĝus en la politika procezo.
Kaj poste sur la batalkampo.
Dankon por rigardi. Mi vidos vin venontsemajne.
Crash Course estas produktita kaj direktita de Stan Muller.
Nia skripta kontrolisto estas Meredith Danko.
La spektaklo estas skribita de mia mezlerneja historio majstro, Raoul Meyer, kaj mi mem.
Redaktita de Stan kaj Mark Olsen.
La asociita produktanto estas Danica Johnson.
Kaj nia grafika teamo estas Thought Bubble.
Se vi havas demandojn pri hodiaŭa video, aŭ pri io pri amerika historio, bonaj novaĵoj:
estas historiistoj en komentoj, do demandu for.
Danke por rigardi Crash Course kaj kiel ni diras en mia hejmurbo, Ne Forgesu Esti Mirinda.
Danish:
Forfattere som James Winthrop mente at en stor gruppe forenede stater ville blive et slags imperium og "at intet vidstrakt imperium kan regeres efter republikanske principper."
Som bevis pegede han mod Storbritannien eller hele vejen tilbage til Rom.
Mindre, mere lokale regeringer lytter mere til folk og er bedre til at beskytte deres rettigheder.
For anti-føderalisterne betød det stats-regeringer.
Og selvom føderalisterne vandt og forfatningen blev ratificeret forsvandt spørgsmålet om hvor stor staten skulle være ikke.
Så, forfatningen var i virkeligheden kun en begyndelse.
Det er et uklart dokument og mange detaljer skulle klargøres i den politiske proces.
Og senere på slagmarken.
Tak fordi du så med. Vi ses i næste uge.
Crash Course produceres og instrueres af Stan Muller.
Vores manuskriptansvarlige er Meredith Danko.
Showet skrives af min gymnasielærer i historie, Raoul Meyer, og mig selv.
Redigeres af Stan og Mark Olsen
Medhjælpende producer er Danica Johnson.
Og vores grafiske team er Thought Bubble.
Hvis du har spørgsmål om dagens video eller noget som helst om amerikansk historie er der gode nyheder:
Der er historikere i kommentarfeltet, så spørg løs.
Tak fordi du så Crash Course, og som vi siger i min hjemby, Don't Forget To Be Awesome.
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There are a lot of theories about how the
universe came to be, and for many, the idea
of an "explosion of life" is the one they
feel is the most plausible.
So join me as I reveal to you the truth about
the Big Bang Theory.
8.
What Is The Big Bang Theory?
Well that would depend.
Because for some, the Big Bang Theory is a
possible explanation for the beginning of
the universe.
And one that has been debated for many decades
since it was "proved" to be real.
The other version of the Big Bang Theory is
a hit TV show from CBS that lasted over a
decade and was the #1 show on television in
many ways.
Would you like to guess which one we're talking
about today?
Yeah, the sitcom!
I kid, we're talking about the space version.
But that begs the question, what IS the Big
Bang Theory?
It's something that is thrown out as the "answer"
to how the universe was made, but is that
really true?
And how do you explain it to those who don't
know about it in full?
Well, to put it at its most basic, when the
universe was "born", a single point in space
exploded with energy.
Though to be clear, it wasn't an actual explosion,
more like it was an...expansion.
Expansion of what?
Matter.
Material, whatever you want to define it as,
it was a point in time when the universe went
from nothing in it, to having objects of various
sizes, colors, and phases of matter (liquid,
gas, solid, plasma).
By the time the "expansion" was done, the
universe was "born" in its earliest of states.
To be clear, life on Earth was NOT there just
yet.
Rather, Earth is believed to have been a rocky
and magma-filled mess.
But, at least it was there.
What's more, the creation of the universe
birthed stars planets, moons, and set everything
in place for where we are right now.
So in short, the Big Bang Theory is a belief
on how the universe went from nothing, to
everything in the matter of seconds.
7.
Why Do They Believe This To Be Real?
Now, hearing all of this on a most basic of
levels may make it sound pretty sci-fi.
After all, the idea that we went from "nothing
to something" in the course of seconds seems
preposterous, right?
Except, in our own world, we know this to
be true in regards to other items that use
this kind of property.
Like how electricity is stored and then used.
Or how a bomb will go from inert to explosive
in milliseconds.
And on and on, so as weird as it sounds, it's
not that far-fetched.
What's more, many scientists have proven that
this is a plausible theory just by looking
at the universe itself.
It all started back in 1922 when Russian mathematician
Alexander Friedmann noted via his own observations
of the universe...that the universe itself
was expanding.
Which struck many as odd, because how can
a universe expand?
But, he was not wrong, in fact, he was proven
correct by other astronomers in other countries
a little over 5 years later.
Knowing that the universe was expanding, it
would make sense that there was a singular
"point of origin" for it all.
Thus, he birthed The Big Bang Theory.
Stating that there was once a "cosmic egg"
from which all life was born from, or in this
case, expanded from.
And it was due in part to the energy of that
expansion that the universe is still growing.
The decades that followed had more and more
scientists pilling in and noting that various
things that they spotted in the universe backed
up the Big Bang Theory.
Such as light worked in the universe, the
distance of galaxies in the universe, and
so on and so forth.
In fact, you could argue that just about every
decade added a new fact or belief in how the
Big Bang Theory was real.
Such as...
6.
When Was It "Proven" To Be Real?
The reason that the Big Bang Theory is still
called a "theory" is because while it was
discussed to be real in all manners and with
real science, it still had be discovered and
technically proven.
Which is very hard to do when you're talking
about an event that started potentially billions
of years ago.
But, there is some proof that the Big Bang
actually happened.
It all started with Robert Wilson and Arno
Penzias, who were radio astronomers.
They would listen to the stars above and see
what signals they could pick up.
During a test of the Holmdel Antenna, which
is in New Jersey, the duo heard a sound they
couldn't explain.
They went through all the likely suspects
but didn't figure out what was going on.
Then, they found out about a theory from a
professor named Robert Dicke, who theorized
that radiation from a universe creating event
could still exist today as "background cosmic
radiation".
Sure enough, this is what Wilson and Penzias
found, and after detailing what they had discovered,
the Big Bang Theory was officially born as
a realistic and believable avenue for the
creation of the universe.
For their efforts in proving this, the two
won a Nobel Prize.
The irony of this is that there were people
at the universe not 5 miles from them that
were ALSO trying to find that "background
cosmic radiation", but they were beaten to
it.
Showing that timing is everything.
Before we get to why the Big Bang Theory may
be flawed, be sure to like the video and subscribe
to the channel!
That way you get to watch all of our weekly
videos!
5.
The Problems With The Big Bang Theory
Here's the rub, because while it's true, and
fair, to say that the Big Bang Theory CAN
be proven, and that there are numerous people
across the decades (including Albert Einstein)
who helped shape the Big Bang Theory into
what it is today...it's still near impossible
to prove that the Big Bang happened at all.
"What do you mean by that?", you ask?
Well, think about it, most people who believe
in the Big Bang Theory state that the universe
was birthed over 10 million years ago, give
or take a few billion years.
So, if that were to be true...and the universe
has been expanding ever since that point...AND
the universe has been growing and evolving
since that point as well...how do we know
it happened like we think we do?
What's more, if we can't find the "Point of
Origin", which many scientists are honestly
trying to find, how can we know what's out
there in terms of remnants to the Big Bang?
Now, as noted before, there is the "background
cosmic radiation" that would indicate that
there was a 'universe creating event", however,
as we've proven many times over our lives,
we don't know everything there is to know
about space and the universe.
We've had many theories over the generations
that were proven to be either ignorant, wrong,
or missing key facts.
What if that's the case here?
What's more, despite all the facts and figures
that state that the Big Bang could've happened
and COULD explain what's going on in the universe...scientists
are honestly really puzzled about what happened
in those early moments of the Big Bang.
Sure, they have theories as to how the expansion
happened, and why it went out in all directions
and what not, but when it comes to the hard
science or proving or nailing a definitive
theory on the early stages of the Big Bang?
It's just not there, and a lot of scientists
dismiss the Big Bang Theory because of that
lack of knowledge.
And they're not the only ones who dismiss
it.
4.
God vs. Science
By and large, one of the biggest debates taking
place in history, and one that continues to
this day, is that of how the universe was
born.
Because while many people believe in the Big
Bang Theory, there is a counter-argument that
technically can't be dismissed either.
The God Theory.
Even if you're not religious, you likely know
the score, whether it's Christianity, Islam,
the Greek or Roman pantheons, Norse lore or
what have you, there was stated to be a God
or gods that have helped shaped the universe,
and watch over us to this day.
In the eyes of those who believe in these
faiths and religions, it's very clear how
the universe came to be.
So imagine their...disappointment...that there
are people trying to explain how the universe
was made...in arguably a more outlandish notion
than a god.
To them, this is science trying to disprove
their faith, while in the eyes of scientists
this is them doing their due diligence to
try and explain the universe in a way that
isn't "blind faith'.
Needless to say...the arguments get pretty
heated.
The irony though is that both sides have merit.
For example, one of the biggest flaws of the
Big Bang Theory is that the "placement" of
the universe is too perfect in some ways.
For example, Earth.
The Earth is perfectly placed so we get enough
light and heat from the sun to survive without
being burned alive, overexposed, or pumped
full of deadly radiation.
If the Big Bang was the birth of it all, how
can we have gotten such a perfect result?
Was it really dumb luck?
In contrast, if there was a God, or gods,
that made the universe, why would they make
it expand infinitely in a way we have truly
proven?
Would they not want there to be a finite limit
to their works?
Or was this a part of their "divine plan"?
No one side can prove the other wrong, and
that's why the God vs. Big Bang debate rages
on in all the ways that matter.
Because both sides want to be proven right...and
not be proven wrong.
3.
Recent Events
Further adding fuel to the fire of what the
Big Bang Theory is and isn't the 2019 Nobel
Peace Prize winner, Jim Peebles, who noted
in his accepting of the Nobel (for his work
in physical cosmology) that he did not support
the Big Bang Theory for reasons that were
very clear to him:
"It's very unfortunate that one thinks of
the beginning whereas in fact, we have no
good theory of such a thing as the beginning."
Not exactly a ringing endorsement, don't you
think?
After all, if a guy who helped study the physics
of space doesn't like the Big Bang Theory,
it makes you wonder why so many others do.
But in the end, it all traces back to the
theories of WHY the universe is expanding
at all, and when you get more theories...you
get more problems.
2.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy
For example, one of the things that many Big
Bang Theorist believe is that the universe
is expanding now not because of the original
Big Bang energy (which in their minds would've
burned out billions of years ago) but because
of another force in the universe.
Mainly, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
These two theoretical properties are said
to have been made during the Big Bang.
Dark Energy is said to be what keeps the universe
held together, as scientists believe that
the energy of the Big Bang would've kept things
flying apart from each other.
To the extent that 85% of the universe may
be comprised of Dark Matter.
Meanwhile, Dark Energy is what is causing
the "expansion" wave throughout the universe.
The problem?
Well...they're both theoretical.
By the admission of the scientists who proposed
them, these "entities" are both invisible
and undetectable by our current instruments.
Which is a problem when you're trying to prove
that they're a factor in the creation and
expansion in the universe.
But, should they be proven, and scientists
are working to prove them right now with things
like the Particle Accelerator, then it would
be a big step forward to the proving of the
Big Bang Theory.
1.
Counter Theories To The Big Bang
So, if some scientists don't believe in the
Big Bang Theory...what other options are there?
Honestly...quite a bit.
In fact, there have been numerous counter
theories to the Big Bang and many of them
go from basic, to crazy...to Star Trek, and
back.
But, one of the most popular ones is known
to many comic book fans...the Multiverse Theory.
Mainly, that our universe is not alone, that
the expansion of life created not just one
universe, but many.
In fact, certain scientists who believe in
the Big Bang Theory also believe in the Multiverse
Theory.
"It's hard to build models of inflation that
don't lead to a multiverse," Alan Guth, a
theoretical physicist at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, said during a news
conference in March 2014 concerning the gravitational
waves discovery.
(Guth is not affiliated with that study.)
"It's not impossible, so I think there's still
certainly research that needs to be done.
But most models of inflation do lead to a
multiverse, and evidence for inflation will
be pushing us in the direction of taking [the
idea of a] multiverse seriously."
I'm loving this already!
Of course, the Multiverse Theory also states
that there are a near infinite number of Earths,
but all of them are different based on the
different choices the people of that particular
Earth made.
Like one where a war didn't happen, or went
on longer than it did on our Earth.
Or a certain "close encounter" changed everything,
and so on and so forth.
Look up theories on the creation of the universe,
and you're going to find some very interesting
things.
Thanks for watching everyone!
What do you think about the Big Bang Theory
as a whole?
Do you think that it really is the explanation
for how everything came to be in the universe?
Or do you think that there is another explanation
for where we came from?
Let me know in the comments below, be sure
to subscribe, and I'll see you next time on
the channel!
|
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- So a lot of people around the world
right now are at home,
and I thought it'd be fun to join them
on video chat, and pull off
a few illusions for 'em.
So let's get into position.
All right, let's go.
What's up?
- Hi!
- [Woman] Can you say hi?
- Hi. (chuckling)
- Wait, this is so cool.
I can't believe this is real.
- Magnetism is when you
drop things in your room,
and your neighbor has such a big magnet,
that it goes to your back wall.
- How do you do this stuff, man?
- That's what's crazy.
- Whoa.
- If I do this.
- Whoa.
- Here's a baseball glove.
I paid for a large coffee,
and they gave me a small.
- That's not fair.
- Wait, hold on, I don't
need a small coffee.
I can actually make it a large maybe.
(children laughing)
What if I just put it right
here and try to, like,
maybe I could.
- Oh my god.
- Oh my god.
- How are you doing this?
- If you're low on toilet
paper that you know you can
just put it up to a mirror
if you have one, and just
duplicate all day long.
- Shut up, shut up.
- So we have two of these,
and then, all you gotta do
- Oh my god.
Is push into the mirror, and...
You just keep duplicating it all day.
- You're doing some pretty
cool tricks right now.
- One, put it in.
And then you duplicate it.
- What?
Wait, how do you do that?
- That's so cool.
Oh, I've always wanted to talk to you,
'cause I love your videos.
- Oh, thank you.
So now, you know the trick,
and you can try it at home.
The only thing you have to be careful of
is if you guys put toilet paper up
and you turn away for a
moment, your reflection,
(sighs)
- Oh no.
- Your reflection can steal it.
- This literally made
my day, so thank you.
- Well, that's great to hear.
- I didn't expect you to do
one live right here right now.
That was cool.
- I'm magic, what would you expect?
How 'bout I do something simple like grab,
I'll grab that apple.
- Oh my god!
Wait, that's insane!
- Oh my gosh.
- And yeah.
- That's so cool.
And this is a live video?
- This is a live video.
I mean, you were just
asking me a question,
and I answered it.
(girl laughs)
- Oh!
I wish I could do that.
- That's so weird.
Can you put it back on the table?
- Sure, yeah, let's put
it back on the table.
(laughs)
- That is so cool.
- Since I've been at home, I
feel kind of like I'm going
crazy a little bit.
So, some days, I'll feel
like I'm getting really big
for the room, and I can't
even fit through a door.
- That's...
That's a small room.
- I know, but then sometimes, I feel
really small.
- What?
(laughing)
- I don't know what's
going on, but hopefully,
you're not feeling--
- That's on you, man.
It's me, too.
- I've looked up to you for a long time.
So, for me to be able to
talk to you, it's super cool.
- Here, I'm not really at work.
I'm actually just...
- That's cool.
- Just lying in bed.
Fun at home, you know?
That's why I'm really
working here, you know?
(laughing)
- Oh my gosh.
- Chillin' in bed.
Have your family pick one, like
whether they're gonna shrink
or enlarge, magnify something.
- Oh.
- What do you guys think?
- Shrinking, I'd love to see that.
- Okay, we can do shrinking.
So we'll just take it and
shrink maybe right there.
A little chair.
- [Observers] Aw!
- Magnification, that sounds more fun.
- Okay, magnification's always good.
So I'm just gonna try doing
it on the pencils then.
- Okay.
- And let me if I can go
see if that worked or not.
(laughing)
- Oh, that's so cool.
- Oh, what the heck?
- Who the...
Even I wouldn't be able to carry that.
- I'm trying to tell you, a few years ago,
I was in the hospital a lot.
And I watched your videos a lot,
and that really helped
me get through that.
So I really appreciate
your videos, thanks.
- Good, appreciate that,
thanks for the message.
All right, well, good to see you guys.
Have a good night.
- Yeah, thanks so much, Zach.
- Thank you so much.
- Bye.
- You guys take care.
(uplifting music)
|
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the shift in employment patterns and the
shift in the way we work and live is a
little bit nuanced when uber came along
they didn't redesign the taxi they
didn't change the technology of the car
what they did is they changed the way we
thought about a journey they also
changed the way you pay for a taxi so
you know you get to your destination you
have to worry about finding your purse
or your wallet or a credit card or cash
because you just use the app but there
was another part of this was quite
interesting in the u.s. uber employs
over a million drivers on a full-time
basis it's a big big employer in the
United States but 30% of ubers drivers
in cities like New York had never had a
bank account now this is a problem
because they used to drive yellow cabs
and get paid in cash and now uber saying
you need a bank account a plastic card
to get paid so what they did is uber
said well we need to make it easy for
drivers to get a bank account so in the
driver app when you sign up as a driver
for uber they allow you to sign up for a
bank account in doing so uber became one
of the largest banks in the United
States for small business entrepreneurs
now you probably don't think of uber as
a bank but they had to enable access to
banking services to fix this problem of
recruiting drivers and this is a good
indication of the sort of design changes
we're seeing as a result of technologies
like uber banking and other you know
payment services and things like that
are becoming integrated into our life
because of the technology of smart
phones will soon have augmented reality
glasses and all of these sorts of things
that will integrate technology into our
lives more fully
|
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YOU MAY JOIN OUR FACE BOOK PAGE NAMED MOTHER'S GUIDE.THANK YOU
|
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Discovery of Gold
Asa : Casa!
What are you doing?
Casa : I am collecting gold.
Asa : In that?
Casa : Yes, this is how ancient people collected
gold.
Gold was first found as shiny nuggets on river
beds and people made sieves with sheep fleece
to separate water, dirt and sort the pebbles
from the small gold nuggets.
It was a very tiring process.
Asa : Yes, but who discovered gold?
Casa : Come, let us take a look.
People in Chalcolithic age, which is also
known as the early Bronze and sometimes the
Copper Age of human civilisation.
They were the first to use gold.
In those days, only the kings and gods, wore
gold, as it was something they considered
precious.
Asa : Wow!
Where are we Casa?
Casa : We are in Varna Necropolis, an ancient
burial site discovered in October 1972, by
an excavator operator Raycho Marinov.
This is an ancient burial site in Bulgaria,
where they discovered the earliest gold.
The gold found here along with other artifacts
dates back between 4560 BC to 4450 BC, according
to radiocarbon dating methods conducted
in 2006.
Asa : Wow!
What's happening Casa!?
Look!
The streets are turning to gold.
Casa : Yes, we have now landed in Egypt!
Infact, the ancient Egyptian king Tushratta
of Mitanni claimed Egypt has more gold than
dirt in 2600 BC.
Asa : Really?
Casa : Well, the ancient Egyptians were one
of the first people to have detailed map of
their gold mining region in Nubia in the Turin
Papyrus Map, which also showed the structure
of the early gold mining facility.
Apart from the Egyptians, the ancient Romans
and Greeks had become experts in mining and
processing gold.
The Romans had even designed a hydraulic gold
mining machine!
Asa : Oh!
I'm so excited.
Let's go to our riverbed and look for gold!
|
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German:
Tote Bienen - wütende Imker!
Ihre Proteste richten sich gegen den
Bayer-Konzern und seine Insektizide.
Wir sind Opfer. Wir bringen der
Gesellschaft eine Mordsleistung,
wir sorgen dafür, dass bestäubt wird
oder unsere Bienen.
Und als Dankeschön haben wir das.
Seit Jahrzehnten warnen Studien
vor enormen Gefahren.
Der Konzern setzt Wissenschaftler
aus der ganzen Welt unter Druck.
Nichts sollte veröffentlicht werden,
was dem Konzern schadet.
Das Ziel war, die Debatte stoppen, denn alles
was sie ínteressiert ist Kohle zu machen.
Mit diesen Insektiziden, den Neonicotinoiden
verdient Bayer Milliarden.
Geht bei Bayer Gewinn vor Gewissen?
Was nicht normal ist:
Gesetze zu brechen, Dinge zu verbergen.
English:
With bees dying
at record rates,
these beekeepers are protesting
against German chemicals giant
Bayer and its
insecticides.
We’re the
victims.
We provide a huge
service to society.
Our bees pollinate
food crops.
And this is the
thanks we get.
For decades, studies around
the world have highlighted
the dangers of certain
insecticides —
something Bayer was
keen to hush up.
They wanted to keep it secret.
They didn't want to publicize
something which will be
damaging for the company.
The aim was to stop the debate, so
they could carry on making money.
These insecticides, known
as neonicotinoids,
have earned Billions
for the company.
A case of placing
earnings over ethics?
What isn’t normal is breaking
the law, concealing facts.
German:
Welchen Einfluss hat der Konzern?
Haben die Behörden die solche Mittel
zulassen versagt?
Das Breisgau bei Freiburg. Eine
fruchtbare Gegend. Viel Mais, viel Raps.
Hier hält Christoph Koch seine Bienen.
Für ihn ist sein Beruf eine Leidenschaft.
Die Tiere sind für ihn
wie Familienmitglieder.
Probleme mit Pestiziden
hatte der Imker fast nie —
bis zu jenem Frühlingstag vor 11 Jahren.
Ein neuer Schädling war
im Rheintal aufgetaucht.
Er bedrohte die riesigen Maisfelder.
Um die Ernte zu retten, erlaubten die
Behörden den massiven Einsatz
eines für den Maisanbau neuartigen
Insektizids: Neonicotinoide.
English:
How influential is
the Bayer Group?
And did the authorities fail
to exercise proper oversight?
Breisgau in southwest Germany
is a fertile region,
and home to plenty of
canola and cornfields.
Christoph Koch runs
a bee farm here.
He’s passionate
about what he does.
His bees are like
part of the family.
He had rarely experienced any
problems with pesticides.
Until one spring
day 12 years ago.
A new pest had appeared
in the Rhine valley
and was threatening to
devastate the cornfields.
To save the
harvest,
the authorities allowed the
large-scale use of neonicotinoids,
or neonics as
they’re also known.
German:
Vor mir fährt ein Maisbauer
seinen Mais säen.
Und von einem Moment auf den anderen
haben die Bienen nicht mehr geflogen.
Es war schönstes Wetter,
Trachtflug, alles wunderbar.
Und während der da seine Spuren zieht,
hört es auf.
Keine Bienen mehr geflogen.
Die Giftwolke tötet 12.000 Bienenvölker.
Mehr als 500 Millionen Tiere
sterben einen qualvollen Tod.
Das war die weltweit größte Bienenvergiftung
aus legaler Anwendung,
seit man überhaupt Bienenschutz bestreibt.
Sehr frustrierende Geschichte,
sehr emotional.
Mich hat das sehr tief runtergezogen.
Das war sogar soweit, dass ich nicht mehr
zu den Bienen konnte,
weil, wenn man da an den Bienenstand
gefahren ist,
English:
I could see the farmer
sowing his corn.
And from one moment to the
next, the bees stopped flying.
It was perfect weather, the bees were
out foraging, everything was wonderful.
But as the farmer sowed his
seed, everything stopped.
All the bees in the
air disappeared.
The insecticide the seeds
had been treated with
resulted in a
toxic dust cloud
that killed 12,000 bee
colonies in the region.
More than 500 million bees
suffered an agonizing death.
It was the world’s worst
case of bee poisoning
by legal means since bee
conservation began.
It was very frustrating
and very emotional.
It really got
me down.
It got so bad that I couldn’t drive
over to the beehives anymore.
German:
der Geruch von verwesenden Bienen
einem entgegengekommen ist.
Das habe ich überhaupt nicht mehr
wegstecken können.
Bei der Aussaat hatte sich damals
das rote Pestizid
von den Maiskörnern gelöst
und gelangte so in die Umwelt.
Und das wurde sozusagen eingesät?
Das sind die mit dem Insektizid
behandelten Maiskörner.
Und was war das Problem dann damals?
Du siehst das rote, diesen roten Staub.
Das ist sozusagen der Abrieb.
Und dieser Belag,
der nicht am Maiskorn dran war,
der ist in die Umwelt gelangt.
Und davon starben die Bienen sofort?
Ein Teil sofort, die Flugbienen,
die durch diesen Nebel durchgeflogen sind,
die sind sofort gestorben.
Das wirklich schlimme war, dass
dieser Staub auch auf Pollen,
also auf blühende Pflanzen gelangt ist
und die Bienen dann kontaminierten
Pollen gesammelt haben.
English:
Every time I got near, I was met
by the stench of decomposing bees,
I just couldn’t
handle it anymore.
During
planting,
some of the red pesticide coating
the corn seeds rubbed off —
and was released into
the environment.
So that’s what
was sown?
Yes, corn seeds dressed
with insecticide.
And what
happened?
You see this
red dust.
That’s insecticide residue
that has rubbed off the seeds.
And that was released into
the air during planting.
And the bees
died instantly?
Those that passed through
the dust cloud — yes.
But the worst bit was that the
dust settled on flowering plants —
so the remaining bees then
gathered contaminated pollen.
German:
Dabei war die Aussaatmethode
damals revolutionär.
Denn das Gift, die Neonicotinoide,
werden nicht versprüht,
sondern fast immer an das Saatgut gebeizt.
Die Insektengifte haften an den Körnern
und werden von Maschinen im Boden abgelegt.
Die Gifte wirken dann von der Wurzel
bis in die Stengel.
Die Pflanzen sind dadurch immun gegen
Schädlinge im Boden und im Feld.
Doch etwas lief schief.
Das Landwirtschaftsministerium Baden-
Württemberg sollte den Vorfall aufklären.
Zum Erstaunen der Imker machte es als
Hauptursache die Sämaschinen verantwortlich.
Bei richtiger Anwendung hätte
nichts passieren können.
Das war auch der Standpunkt von Bayer.
Erstaunlich: Trotzdem wurden die
Neonicotinoide in Deutschland verboten.
Aber nur im Mais. Für andere Kulturen
blieb die Zulassung bestehen.
Bayer bot den Imkern eine Soforthilfe
von 2,2 Millionen Euro an.
Aber nur unter einer Bedingung:
"Im Gegenzug trete ich sämtliche bestehenden
oder zukünftigen Schadenersatzansprüche
an das Land Baden-Württemberg ab.“
English:
Rather than being sprayed onto
crops like traditional pesticides,
neonics are often applied in
the form of a seed dressing.
The seed coated with
insecticide is then drilled
into the ground using
a seed planter.
The toxins are effective from the
root to the entire plant as it grows,
making it immune to pests both
in the ground and the field.
The state of Baden-Württemberg
investigated
what had gone wrong
in Breisgau.
To the beekeepers’
amazement,
blame was placed on the
mechanical seed planters.
The agriculture ministry
echoed Bayer’s official line,
saying that had the seeds
been sown correctly,
everything would
have been fine.
Neonics were nevertheless banned
for use on corn in Germany,
though still permitted
for other crops.
Bayer offered 2.2 Million
euros in fast-track aid.
But only on one condition
for the beekeeper —
“In return I shall cede all existing
and future claims to compensation
German:
Der Aufklärer, das Land Baden-Württemberg,
sollte plötzlich also zum Mittelsmann werden.
Denn pikant ist, dass das Angebot von Bayer
über das Ministerium unterbreitet wurde.
Das Land Baden-Württemberg und
Bayer wollten sich freikaufen.
Verkauft wurde es natürlich als
imkerliche Soforthilfe.
Der Witz war, dass man da so gedrängt hat
auf schnelle Abwicklung,
was ja eigentlich, wenn wir jetzt keine
Vergiftungen gehabt hätten,
hätten wir unser Geld auch
sehr viel später gesehen.
Viele Imker nahmen die Entschädigung an -
und Bayer hatte seine Ruhe.
Für den Konzern war das Verbot
im Maisanbau verkraftbar,
denn in vielen anderen Kulturen wurden
die Insektizide weiterhin eingesetzt.
Allein in Deutschland wurden
von 1992 bis 2017
rund 3700 Tonnen des Wirkstoffs verkauft.
English:
to the state of
Baden-Württemberg.”
The
investigator —
the government of
Baden-Württemberg —
had suddenly become
the mediator.
The offer from Bayer was actually
made via the agriculture department.
Bayer and the state of
Baden-Württemberg wanted
to buy their way
out of this.
It was touted as emergency
aid for the beekeepers,
but they were just
covering themselves.
There was a real push to
settle the matter quickly.
They knew the bees
had been poisoned —
otherwise it would have taken a
lot longer to get the money.
Many of the beekeepers accepted the
compensation and Bayer was left alone.
The ban on neonicotinoids
in corn wasn’t a problem,
as they were still approved
for many other crops.
Between 1992 and 2017, around 3
thousand 700 tonnes of the agent
were sold in
Germany alone.
English:
Bayer and other manufacturers like Syngenta
supplied various neonicotinoids to
more than a hundred countries,
earning billions of euros.
Scientists accuse
the producers of
making money at the expense
of the environment.
Because studies show that neonicotinoids
actually impact entire ecosystems.
Dutch toxicologist Henk
Tennekes has spent years
studying the substances sold
by companies like Bayer.
He believes neonicotinoids are the
most toxic insecticides ever produced.
We met Tennekes at a
clinic in the Netherlands.
Even though he was undergoing
treatment for pneumonia
when we saw him
late last year,
he agreed to
speak to us.
Neonicotinoids are water-soluble and
relatively mobile in the ground.
So when it rains they are easily washed
into the groundwater and runoff water.
This means they affect the
whole environment and are
German:
Bayer und andere Hersteller wie Syngenta
liefern diese Insektizide in über 100 Länder.
Sie verdienen Milliarden Euro.
Wissenschaftler werfen den Produzenten vor,
dass sie ihre Gewinne auf Kosten
der Umwelt machten.
Denn Studien belegen, dass Neonicotinoide
nicht nur Schädlinge töten.
Der Niederländer Henk Tennekes
forscht seit Jahren über die Bayer-Gifte.
Sein Resümee: Noch nie gab es
ein gefährlicheres Insektizid.
Die Bienen seien nur ein Indiz,
die ganze Umwelt sei betroffen.
Wir treffen Tennekes in einem Reha-Center.
Obwohl er eine Lungenentzündung hat,
nimmt er sich Zeit für uns.
German:
Henk Tennekes ist überzeugt:
Die Neonicotinoide seien der Hauptgrund
für das weltweite Insektensterben,
das sie über die Nahrungskette auch für
den Rückgang von Vögeln, Reptilien
und Amphibien verantwortlich sind.
Und: Es gibt Hinweise,
dass sie uns Menschen schädigen.
Wieso werden diese Insektizide
dann noch verkauft?
Zumindest hat die EU seit 2018 drei von
insgesamt fünf Neonicotinoiden
English:
also absorbed by wild flowers
and plants via their roots.
The entire landscape
becomes toxic for insects.
So it’s fair to assume that this
will result in mass insect deaths.
And if the insects disappear,
the ecosystem collapses.
That’s why this is an
ecological Armageddon.
We are destroying the
whole of nature.
Henk Tennekes believes that
neonics are the main cause of
insect deaths
around the world,
and that via the food chain
they’re also responsible for
the decline in the
populations of birds,
reptiles and
amphibians.
And there’s evidence that
they’re harmful to humans too.
So why are these insecticides
still being sold?
In 2018, the European Union did at least
ban three of the five neonicotinoids —
German:
die Zulassung entzogen
- wegen der Gefahr für die Bienen.
Aber: Schon 1999 hat Frankreich
ein Produkt mit den Giften verboten.
Dazwischen liegen neunzehn Jahre.
Warum haben die französischen Behörden
so viel früher gehandelt?
In Paris treffen wir den Wissenschaftler
Jean-Marc Bonmatin
und den Imker Henri Clement.
Sie haben einen großen Anteil
am Verbot von 1999.
Imker beklagten ein rätselhaftes
Bienensterben.
Bonmatin wies dann nach, dass die von Bayer
hergestellten Neonicotinoide schuld waren.
Als die Erkenntnisse öffentlich wurden
und die Imker protestierten,
reagierte der Konzern.
Sehr schnell hat also Bayer versucht,
auf uns Imker Druck auszuüben,
um uns zum Schweigen zu bringen,
weil wir gestört haben.
Bayer hat mich vor das Gericht von Mende
gezerrt wegen Anschwärzung übler Nachrede.
Dabei produziere ich weder Sonnenblumen-
noch Rapshonig.
Ich war damals Präsident der Berufsimker,
English:
because of the
threat to bees.
But France had already banned
one product containing
the toxins
back in 1999.
It took nineteen years
for the EU to catch up.
So why did the French authorities
act so much earlier?
In Paris, we meet scientist
Jean-Marc Bonmatin
and beekeeper
Henri Clement.
They helped instigate
the 1999 ban.
At the time, beekeepers were
experiencing mysterious die-offs.
Bonmatin proved that the neonicotinoids
produced by Bayer were to blame.
When the results were made public
and the beekeepers protested,
the company was
swift to respond.
Very quickly Bayer started to exert
pressure to get us to keep quiet.
They didn’t want us
beekeepers causing problems.
Bayer sued me
for libel.
I don’t produce honey from
sunflowers or canola,
I was acting in my capacity as head
of the National Union of Beekeepers.
German:
sie haben mich als Privatperson verklagt,
nicht in meiner offiziellen Funktion.
Unser Anwalt hat uns verteidigt
und wir haben gewonnen.
Sie sind nicht in Revision gegangen.
Aber ich war nicht der Einzige.
Die Wissenschaftler gerieten
ebenfalls unter Druck.
Das Ziel: die ganze Debatte stoppen,
sie wollten weiterhin ihr Zeug verkaufen.
Denn alles, was sie interessiert,
ist Kohle zu machen.
Auch das französische
Landwirtschaftsministerium
war vom Bienensterben alarmiert,
gab eine Studie in Auftrag.
Ja, bevor wir überhaupt unsere Studie
angefangen haben,
hat Bayer versucht, uns ihre Methodik
und ihre Schwellenwerte
über das Landwirtschaftsministerium
aufzudrücken.
Das begann also schon mal schlecht.
Als wir dann die Ergebnisse hatten,
sind sie zu uns ins Labor gekommen,
um nochmals meine Analysen zu prüfen,
um einen Fehler zu finden.
Sie wollten unbedingt einen Fehler finden!
Da wir aber fehlerfrei bewiesen hatten,
dass das Gift bis in die Blüte gelangt,
mussten sie die Ergebnisse akzeptieren.
Und als ich dann die Einflussnahme von Bayer
gegenüber der französischen Presse
English:
But they sued me as a
private individual.
Our lawyer defended
us and we won.
And Bayer chose not
to appeal the ruling.
But I wasn’t
the only one.
The scientists also
came under pressure.
The aim was to
stop the debate,
so they could carry
on making money.
But the French government
was also alarmed by
the mass bee deaths and
had commissioned a study.
Before we even started
our research,
Bayer began using the
agriculture ministry to try to
impose its methods and
threshold values on us
So that wasn’t
a good start.
Then when we got
our results,
they came into the lab to check
my analysis and find any errors.
They were desperate
to find a mistake!
But I hadn’t
made any.
And because we had proven
that the toxins penetrate
even the blossoms
of the plant,
they were forced to
accept our results.
Later I mentioned the pressure exerted
by Bayer to the French media.
English:
I then received two letters
from a Bayer lawyer,
one addressed to me personally and
one to the head of my institute.
They wanted to use their influence
to force me to keep my mouth shut.
They expected me,
a scientist,
to hide my results in order
to protect Bayer’s sales.
But that wasn’t his
first brush with Bayer.
Jean-Marc Bonmatin
works for
one of the top research
institutions in France.
It was back in the mid 1990s
that he was commissioned by
the French agriculture ministry to
investigate the mass bee deaths.
Suspicion had fallen
on a neonicotinoid
first made by Bayer
called imidacloprid.
Bomantin says that at the request of
the regional agriculture authorities,
Bayer employees were actively
involved in the first study.
I believe it’s normal for a company
like Bayer to be informed if
one of its products is
being investigated.
German:
geschildert hatte, erreichten
mich zwei Anwaltsschreiben von Bayer,
einmal an meine Person und einmal
an die Institutsleitung.
Sie solle ihren Einfluss auf mich geltend
machen, damit ich den Mund halte.
Ich, der Wissenschaftler,
sollte also still sein
und seine Ergebnisse verstecken,
um nicht die Geschäfte von Bayer zu stören.
Jean-Marc Bonmatin arbeitet an einem
der renommiertesten
staatlichen Forschungsinstitute Frankreichs.
Er war einer der ersten, die sich mit den
Neonicotinoiden kritisch auseinandersetzten.
Der Toxikologe erhielt Mitte der 1990er
Jahre den Auftrag
vom französischen
Landwirtschafts-Ministerium,
das rätselhafte Bienensterben aufzuklären.
Im Verdacht: Das Bayer
Neonicotinoid Imidachloprid.
Bomantin erzählt,
dass auf Wunsch desMinisteriums
auch Bayer Mitarbeiter beteiligt waren.
Ich glaube, es ist normal, dass ein
Unternehmen wie Bayer informiert wird,
dass zu einem seiner Produkte
eine Studie läuft.
German:
Aber es ist absolut nicht normal,
dass dann Vertreter dieses Unternehmens,
über dessen Produkte ja
letztlich entschieden werden muss,
am Studiendesign
bis ins Detail beteiligt sind,
auch an der Finanzierung und sogar an der
Veröffentlichung der finalen Ergebnisse.
Für Bayer ging es um viel Geld!
Für die Untersuchung wurden einerseits
Bienen auf Sonnenblumenfelder
mit Neonicotinoiden geschickt.
Und dann auf Kontrollfelder
ohne jegliche Insektizide.
Ein sinnvoller Vergleich:
Ein Feld mit den Giften, eines ohne.
So dachten das zumindest Jean-Marc Bonmatin
und seine Kollegen.
Sie sollten dann ausschließlich die Felder
mit dem Bayer-Gift analysieren,
nicht aber das Kontrollfeld.
Doch später bemerkten sie:
Auch das Kontrollfeld war mit einem
Insektizid kontaminiert.
Wir Wissenschaftler haben uns beschwert,
über diese Versuchsreihe,
als wir gesehen haben, dass die
Kontrollfelder mit Fungiziden
und mit anderen Insektiziden
behandelt worden waren.
English:
But what absolutely isn’t normal is
when representatives of that company
whose product is being assessed are
involved in determining details of
the approach
to be taken —
including the financing and even the
publication of the final results.
There was certainly a lot of
money at stake for Bayer.
The investigators were sent on
the one hand to fields of sunflowers
treated with neonicotinoids, on
the other to untreated fields —
for control
purposes.
At least that’s what Jean-Marc
Bonmatin and his colleagues were told.
They were only supposed to analyze the
fields containing the Bayer pesticides.
But later they realized that
the control fields were
also contaminated
with insecticide.
We scientists complained
when we realized that
the control fields had been treated
with fungicides and other insecticides.
German:
Und das erschien uns nicht normal für eine
Versuchsreihe dieser Qualität.
Aber unsere Beschwerde fand beim
Leitungskomitee dieser Studie kein Gehör.
Stattdessen wurden die Ergebnisse
dieser vergleichenden Studie,
von der wir heute wissen,
dass sie wertlos war,
als Beweis für die Unschädlichkeit von
Imidachloprid für die Bienen interpretiert.
In der Öffentlichkeit waren Bayers Gifte
plötzlich über jeden Verdacht erhaben.
Ein Verbot war zunächst vom Tisch.
Bonmatins Institut unternahm dann
im Auftrag der Imker
eigene Studien — diesmal ohne Bayer,
und mit erdrückenden Ergebnissen.
Wir konnten in der Folge nachweisen,
dass der Mais, die Sonnenblumen,
Pollen, Nektar, Wasser,
alles, was die Bienen betraf
kontaminiert waren,
English:
It’s just not normal for an
experiment at this level.
But the management committee for
the study ignored our complaints.
Instead, the results of
this comparative study,
which we now know
were worthless,
were taken as proof that
imidacloprid is harmless for bees.
Suddenly, Bayer’s insecticides
appeared beyond suspicion.
Any possibility of a ban
had been dismissed —
for now
at least.
But Bonmatin and his colleagues
at the institute then
carried out their
own study,
on behalf of the
beekeepers.
This time Bayer was not involved,
and the results were staggering.
We were able to prove that
everything relevant to the bees —
whether it was the corn, the
sunflowers, pollen, nectar, water —
everything was
contaminated.
German:
und dass die Dosierungen,
die man in der freien Natur finden konnte,
so hoch waren, dass sie ausreichten,
um bei den Bienen zum Tod zu führen
oder zumindest zu schweren
Langfrist-Effekten.
Im Jahr 1999 entzog Frankreich
den Neonicotinoiden die Zulassung -
zunächst aber nur für Sonnenblumen.
Den Imkern reichte das nicht.
Ihr Ziel: Ein Verbot aller Neonicotinoide.
Sie sammelten Geld und engagierten
einen Pariser Anwalt.
Bernard Fau prozessiert seitdem gegen
die Hersteller, darunter auch Bayer.
. Dafür geht er auch bis zum obersten
Verwaltungsgericht, dem Conseil dÉtat.
Fau deckte auf,
wie geschickt die Hersteller
Schwächen der Zulassungsbehörden ausnutzen,
um ihre Produkte auf dem Markt zu bringen.
In den europäischen Richtlinien gibt es
etwas, dass der Schädigungsquotient heißt.
Und wenn dieser Schädigungsquotient
überschritten wird,
hat der Fabrikant die Verpflichtung,
English:
And the levels of toxins in the
open countryside were so high
that they were sufficient
to either kill the bees
or at least cause grave
long-term problems.
In 1999, France then banned
the use of neonicotinoids,
but initially only
for sunflowers.
That wasn’t enough
for the beekeepers.
They wanted a blanket ban
on all neonicotinoids.
So they hired the services of
a Paris lawyer, Bernard Fau.
He took up the case against
Bayer and other manufacturers.
Eventually it went to
the Conseil dÉtat,
France’s highest court for
administrative cases.
Fau realized the companies
had exploited weaknesses in
the licensing systems to get
their products on the market.
European directives refer to what’s
known as the “hazard quotient”.
If this quotient is exceeded,
the manufacturer is obliged to
German:
einen Feldversuch unter realen
Bedingungen durchzuführen,
um die Unbedenklichkeit eines Produktes
zu beweisen.
Und wir hatten festgestellt,
dass dieser Kontrollversuch,
der für die Zulassung verpflichtend
gewesen wäre, nicht stattgefunden hat.
Wir haben bemerkt, dass diese Produkte
- wenn die Kontrollen,
die die europäische Richtlinie erfordert,
durchgeführt worden wären — nicht
zugelassen hätten werden dürfen.
Auch der Hartnäckigkeit des Anwalts
ist es zu verdanken,
dass Frankreich als erstes Land der Welt
alle Neonicotinoide im Freiland
verbieten wird.
Und in Deutschland?
Auch hier macht Bayer mit den Mitteln
gute Geschäfte.
Die Gifte werden als Universalmittel
gegen viele Schädlinge
in vielen Kulturen eingesetzt.
Die Erkenntnisse aus Frankreich alarmierten
die deutschen Behörden nicht.
Obwohl auch hier die Imker über mysteriös
hohe Verluste bei ihren Bienen klagten.
Wir treffen Walter Haefeker, den
Präsidenten der europäischen Berufsimker.
English:
carry out a field experiment
under realistic conditions to
prove that the product
is not harmful.
We discovered that this
control experiment,
which was obligatory in order to
gain approval, never took place.
If the tests had been carried out
as European regulations dictate,
these products would never
have been authorized.
It’s in part thanks to Bernard Fau’s
persistence that France became
the first country in the world to
ban the use of all neonicotinoids —
in 2018.
In Germany meanwhile, Bayer continued
to earn well from the insecticides.
Neonics were used on many different
crops, as a panacea for all pests.
The discoveries in France didn’t appear
to bother the German authorities.
Even though beekeepers here
complained of heavy losses.
Walter Haefeker was,
until recently,
German:
Die atmeten zunächst auf, als auch in
Deutschland eine Studie
das Bienensterben aufklären sollte.
Doch schon bald vermuteten sie den
eigentlichen Zweck des Bienenmonitorings.
Das deutsche Bienenmonitoring entstand,
nachdem die Gefahr bestand,
dass die Vorgehensweise aus Frankreich
nach Deutschland übergreifen konnte.
Die Angst, dass die Insektizide auch hier
verboten werden könnten, war offenbar groß.
Wollte die Industrie das Risiko ausschließen?
Wohl deswegen nahmen an der Studie auch
Bayer und Syngenta teil,
zwei Hersteller der Neonicotinoide.
Schon bald bemerkte der Imker-Chef,
dass etwas massiv schieflief.
Jedes Jahr gab es einen Jahresbericht
und jedes Jahr gingen wieder
die Meldungen durch die Presse.
Die Varroamilbe ist ganz furchtbar.
Bei den Pflanzenschutzmitteln
können wir leider nichts finden.
Das hat ja eigentlich perfekt funktioniert.
English:
president of the European
Beekeepers Association.
He told us of his organization’s
relief when Germany finally announced
a study on the declining
bee population.
But the relief
didn’t last long.
We realized that the initiative only
began once the threat was perceived of
Germany having to adopt the
same stance as France.
There was clearly
great concern that
the insecticides could
be banned here too.
Was the industry looking
to pre-empt that move?
It would appear that was the reason
why Bayer and another neonics maker,
Syngenta, took
part in the study.
Walter Haefeker soon realized
something was very wrong.
Every year there was an annual report
and every year the findings would
go through
the media.
The varroa
mite —
which causes
honeybee deaths —
is really terrible, but we’ve found
no problems with pesticides.
It was like a public
relations coup for them.
English:
Obviously we became
increasingly critical of
how the whole project
was structured.
With the methods
they were using,
they wouldn’t have
found any link between
pesticides and honeybee
deaths anyway.
“Neonics have nothing to do
with the mass bee deaths”,
that was the apparent finding
that defined public opinion
right up until the disaster
in Breisgau in 2008.
The industry had put half a million
euros into the bee monitoring project.
When you look at how the
project was financed,
it’s pretty obvious that the one
who pays the piper calls the tune!
The German bee monitoring project
was financed almost entirely
by the insecticide
makers.
The beekeepers association walked
out of the project in protest.
But by this point, questions
were also being raised about
whether neonicotinoids
harm not just bees,
but other
wildlife too.
We’ve come to Munich’s
botanical gardens,
German:
Wir haben natürlich zunehmend kritisiert,
wie das ganze Projekt aufgebaut ist.
Dass man mit der Methodik einen
Zusammenhang gar nicht finden könnte,
selbst wenn er da wäre.
?Die Neonicotinoide haben
mit dem Bienensterben nichts zu tun“,
dieses vermeintliche Ergebnis beherrschte
bis zum Massensterben im Breisgau
die öffentliche Meinung.
Die Imker waren empört,
auch weil die Studie
mit einer halben Million Euro von der
Industrie voll finanziert wurde.
Wenn man sich die Finanzierung
des Projektes anschaut,
dann gibt es eine relativ
naheliegende Erklärung:
Wer zahlt, schafft an.
Das Geld für das deutsche Bienenmonitoring
kam mehr oder weniger ausschließlich
von den Pflanzenschutzherstellern.
Aus Protest verließen die Berufsimker
das Projekt.
Sie haben der Industrie nicht vertraut.
Ein Verdacht: Schädigen die Neonicotinoide
nicht nur die Bienen,
sondern auch weit mehr Lebewesen?
Im Münchner botanischen Garten
treffen wir Francisco Sanchez-Bayo.
English:
where we meet Spanish toxicologist
Francisco Sanchez-Bayo.
He conducted a major study on neonics
that has attracted global interest.
So, when you published your study
in the beginning of this year.
What was the
conclusion?
We found in the countries
where this has been studied,
which are mostly
European, American,
but also countries around the
world like Brazil or Japan,
that 40 percent of the species
of insects are declining.
And among those one third of them
are really declining rapidly
and they are threatened
with extinction
He too says neonicotinoids
play a key role in that trend.
And they don’t just kill insects,
they damage entire ecosystems.
Sanchez-Bayo proved
that in Japan —
where he studied irrigated rice
fields over a 2-year period.
These ecosystems are home to minute
water fleas known as Daphnia
as well as crayfish and Japanese
rice fish, called medaka.
German:
Der Toxikologe hatte
für weltweites Aufsehen
mit einer großen Studie
zum Insektensterben gesorgt.
Zu welchem Ergebnis kamen Sie,
als Sie die Studie
im Frühjahr veröffentlichten?
Die Studie wurde weltweit durchgeführt:
Also vor allem in Europa,
in den USA, aber auch in Ländern
wie Brasilien oder Japan.
Das Ergebnis ist, dass 40 Prozent
der Insekten bedroht sind
und von diesen ein Drittel besonders stark
betroffen und vom Aussterben bedroht ist.
Auch für ihn ist klar:
Die Neonicotinoide spielen dabei
eine dominierende Rolle.
Doch die Gifte töten nicht nur Insekten,
sondern verursachen große Schäden
in ganzen Ökosystemen.
Das hat Sanchez-Bayo in den Jahren
2002 bis 2004 in Japan
in bewässerten Reisfeldern nachgewiesen.
In diesen Ökosystemen leben Wasserflöhe,
Flusskrebse und eine spezielle Fischart.
Eines Tages bemerkten die Reisbauern, dass
bis auf die Wasserflöhe viele andere Tiere,
German:
vor allem die Flußkrebse tot waren.
Ein Labor der Universität von Chiba
sollte den Vorfall untersuchen.
Schnell geriet dasselbe Neonicotinoid
unter Tatverdacht,
das auch in Frankreich
die Bienen getötet hatte.
Wir haben bei unserer Untersuchung
eine sehr merkwürdige Sache beobachtet.
Die Medaka-Fische waren nach dem Kontakt
mit den Neonicotinoiden
plötzlich zu 100 Prozent mit
Parasiten kontaminiert.
Wir erklärten es uns damit,
dass Imidachloprid, also das Neonicotinoid
das Immunsystem schwächt.
Alle Arten außer den Wasserflöhen
waren betroffen.
Das war das Ungewöhnliche.
Die Wasserflöhe waren eine Ausnahme.
Bedauerlich ist, dass sie als Referenz-
tiere bei der Zulassung herangezogen wurden,
als Beweis, dass dieses Insektizid
sicher für die Umwelt sei.
English:
One day the rice farmers noticed that
much of this wildlife was dying,
apart from the
water fleas.
The crayfish were
especially hard hit.
A laboratory at Chiba University
was asked to investigate.
The researchers soon found the
culprit, the same neonicotinoid
that had killed the
bees in France.
We nevertheless observed
a very curious thing.
The medaka that were
in the mesocosms
treated with
imidacloprid were all,
absolutely all 100
percent of the fish,
were contaminated with
protozoan parasites.
And of course we put it down
to the fact that imidacloprid,
like all neonicotinoids,
inhibits the immune system.
So all the species were sensitive
to the insecticide except Daphnia.
So that was the
unusual thing.
So Daphnia was an anomaly and
the unfortunate fact is,
that this anomaly had been
used as the reason to say,
German:
Aber sie waren eine absolute Ausnahme.
Das Gift tötete nicht
die winzig kleinen Wasserflöhe,
sondern weitaus größere Arten.
Es schwächte deren Immunsystem so stark,
dass Parasiten leichtes Spiel hatten.
Ein eindeutiges Ergebnis also,
dachte der Toxikologe.
Nur - er hatte nicht mit einem ehemaligen
Bayer-Wissenschaftler gerechnet,
der die Neonicotinoide
mit entwickelt hatte.
Er setzte den Toxikologen
massiv unter Druck.
Als ich meine Erkenntnisse
meiner einjährigen Studien
den Wissenschaftlern präsentierte,
konnte er die Ergebnisse so nicht glauben.
Er fragte mich, was ich nun vorhatte.
Und ich antwortete ihm, dass ich
die Resultate veröffentlichen werde,
weil sie eine Neuigkeit waren.
Er wusste dann nicht, was er sagen sollte,
er war sprachlos.
Er meinte, ob ich das wirklich
veröffentliche wollte.
Ich sagte, ja, es ist wichtig,
dass das die Welt erfährt.
Aber sie wollten es verheimlichen.
English:
that this insecticide was
safe for the environment.
But it was a
complete anomaly.
The poison did not kill
the tiny water fleas,
but it did effectively
exterminate much larger species.
It weakened their immune
system so severely
that they were easy
prey for parasites.
The results were
indisputable —
or so Sanchez-Bayo
thought.
But he hadn’t reckoned with a former
Bayer scientist who had actually
helped to develop
neonics.
The day I explained the results of
the first year mesocosm studies to
the whole group and to
the faculty at the end
he just couldn't understand
the results himself.
And he asked me, so what are you
going to do with these results.
And I said,
well,
the first thing I’m going
to do is to publish them
because it’s something
that’s a novelty.
And he really didn't
know what to say.
He was speechless and said, do
you really want to publish it?
English:
I said yes, I think it’s important to
let the world know what’s happening.
But they wanted to
keep it secret.
They didn't want to publicize something
which will be damaging for the company.
The toxicologist says the laboratory
then terminated his contract.
But he published the
results anyway.
The events he witnessed indicate that
at least one Bayer scientist knew
right back in 2004 about the kind
of devastation that neonicotinoids
can cause in
ecosystems.
From our research it’s clear
that Bayer tried for decades
to prevent any kind of universal
ban on neonicotinoids.
In France, the
company sought to
intimidate beekeepers
and scientists,
and played a leading role
in a questionable study on
bee mortality that
exonerated the insecticides.
In Germany, insecticide makers
funded a bee monitoring project.
It led to the widespread
belief that neonicotinoids had
nothing to do with
mass bee deaths.
German:
Sie wollten nichts veröffentlichen,
was dem Unternehmen schaden könnte.
Sanchez-Bayo erzählt, dass das Labor
ihm daraufhin kündigte.
Die Ergebnisse veröffentlichte er trotzdem.
Die Vorfälle beweisen: Mindestens ein
Bayer-Wissenschaftler wusste bereits 2004,
was die Neonicotinoide in Ökosystemen
an Schäden anrichten können.
Nach unseren Recherchen hat Bayer
offensichtlich über Jahrzehnte hinweg
versucht, ein generelles Verbot
der Neonicotinoide zu verhindern:
In Frankreich bedrohte Bayer
Imker und Wissenschaftler
und war federführend an einer fragwürdigen
Studie zum Bienensterben beteiligt,
deren Ergebnis die Gifte
zunächst frei sprach
In Deutschland haben Insektizid-Hersteller
Studien mitfinanziert;
das Ergebnis eines Bienenmonitorings
prägte die Meinung,
dass die Gifte nichts mit Bienensterben
zu tun hätten.
Und in Japan wollten Bayer-Mitarbeiter
English:
And in Japan, it would
appear Bayer employees even
sought to suppress the
publication of a crucial study;
scientists had proven
that neonicotinoids were
responsible for the collapse
of entire ecosystems.
So what does Bayer say to all these
allegations and research results?
We spent weeks trying to
communicate with the company —
and were then denied
entry to its premises.
Bayer representatives refused
to talk to us on camera.
Our written questions
went unanswered.
Instead the company criticized
what it described as
unfair treatment by the media and
merely sent us this general statement:
“Bayer remains convinced that
the use of neonicotinoids is
safe for humans and the environment
provided they are used
responsibly and in accordance
with the instructions for use.”
Neonicotinoids only
kill pests, we’re told.
Bayer studies claim that not even
long-term use is harmful to bees,
other insects
or fish.
As for the allegation that
Bayer employees sought to
German:
die Veröffentlichung einer kritischen
Studie sogar verhindern.
Wissenschaftler konnten nachweisen,
das Neonicotinoide
für den Kollaps ganzer Ökosysteme
verantwortlich sind.
Doch was sagt Bayer zu den Vorwürfen
und den Recherchen?
Wochenlang waren wir mit Bayer im Gespräch.
Aber vor dem Werkstor ist Schluss.
Bayer lehnt jegliches Interview
vor der Kamera ab.
Keine einzige unserer schriftlichen Fragen
wird beantwortet.
Stattdessen kritisiert der Konzern
die seiner Meinung nach unfaire Behandlung
durch die Medien und schreibt uns
in einem allgemeinen Statement:
Die Neonicotinoide töten nur Schädlinge,
keine Bienen, keine Insekten, keine Fische
- auch nicht langfristig.
Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt Bayer
in seinen Studien.
German:
Zum Vorwurf, Mitarbeiter hätten versucht
Studien zu beeinflussen, kein Wort.
Unsere Recherchen führen uns nochmals
zu Henk Tennekes.
Der Toxikologe forscht seit Jahren
über die Gifte.
Dabei ist er auf zwei Bayer-eigene
Studien gestoßen.
Der Inhalt ist explosiv.
In einer Studie beschreibt
ein Bayer-Wissenschaftler
die negative Wirkung von Imidachloprid,
auf die Nervenzellen einer Fliegenart.
Diese seien ?irreversibel“,
also unumkehrbar.
Pikant ist:
Eine der Bayer-Studien stammt von 1991,
also ein Jahr vor der ersten
EU-weiten Zulassung.
Als Tennekes Bayer mit seinen
Erkenntnissen konfrontiert,
bekommt er eine erstaunliche Antwort.
English:
manipulate other
studies —
no
comment.
We return to Dutch
toxicologist Henk Tennekes.
He’s spent years studying
these pesticides.
During that time he discovered two
studies carried out by Bayer,
the findings of which
are astounding.
In one, a Bayer scientist
describes the effects of
the first neonicotinoid on the
nervous system of a species of fly.
These effects are described
as “irreversible”.
Imidacloprid is the first highly
effective insecticide that
works on the principle of almost
completely blocking receptors,
in a way that is
virtually irreversible."
One of the Bayer studies
was completed in 1991 —
so one year before the product
was granted EU-wide approval.
When Tennekes confronted
Bayer with these studies,
he was taken aback
by the response.
Bayer now claims that the
blocking of receptors
English:
in the nervous system
is reversible.
So they’re contradicting
themselves.
If the effect is reversible, it
depends on the concentration
and so you can define
a threshold level.
If the blocking
is irreversible,
you can’t define a threshold level
and so the effect is cumulative.
The original Bayer
study is key,
because if the toxins remain
in the nervous system,
that can lead
to death —
even if the insects were only
exposed to a small dose.
So if Bayer knew that, why did
the company take no action?
Imidacloprid alone generates annual
turnover of nearly a billion euros.
So I think that led them
to just claim something
so they could keep
selling this pesticide.
If they had considered the
impact this substance has,
German:
Das brisante Ergebnis bedeutet:
Die Gifte bauen sich langfristig
in den Nervenzellen nicht ab.
Sie können tödliche
Folgeschäden verursachen.
Egal, wie niedrig die Dosis ist.
Wenn Bayer dies wusste: Warum hat der
Konzern dann nicht gehandelt?
English:
they would have had to
take it off the market.
We also asked the Bayer
Group about these studies,
carried out by its
own scientists.
And once again, the company
declined to comment.
There’s enough evidence to
prove the dangers of neonics.
But authorities have either
been slow to respond
or taken no
action at all.
If we take the European
Union, for example,
a look at how pesticides are
authorized is highly revealing.
First, the active ingredient
is approved for EU-wide usage.
The manufacturer can apply
in any member state.
France was chosen for the
first neonicotinoid.
But only the manufacturers
test the substance
for toxicity and
environmental impact.
The authorities just
do the paperwork.
In Germany,
that’s the
Federal Office of Consumer
Protection and Food Safety.
Along with three
other agencies.
None of them test
the products.
German:
Wie steht der Bayer-Konzern
zu seinen eigenen Studien?
Auch das haben wir nachgefragt.
Aber auch hierzu kein Kommentar.
Weltweit gibt es genügend Beweise,
wie gefährlich die Neonicotinoide
tatsächlich sind.
Doch die Zulassungsbehörden reagierten
nur zögerlich oder gar nicht.
Um deren Verhalten zu verstehen,
lohnt sich ein Blick,
wie in der EU Pestizide zugelassen werden.
Zunächst wird der Wirkstoff
EU-weit zugelassen.
Dazu darf sich der Hersteller ein
beliebiges EU-Mitgliedsland aussuchen.
Beim ersten Neonicotinoid
war das Frankreich.
Nicht die Behörden, sondern die Hersteller
testen ihren eigenen Wirkstoff
auf Giftigkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit.
Die Behörden machen nur Schreibtischarbeit.
In Deutschland federführend
für die Zulassung
ist das Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz
und Lebensmittelsicherheit
zusammen mit drei weiteren Behörden:
Auch diese Behörden machen
keine eigenen Studien.
German:
Maßgeblich sind also die Studien
der Hersteller.
Für Imkerpräsident Walter Haefeker
öffnet dieses System der Industrie
Tür und Tor für Manipulationen.
Das fängt an dabei,
dass sie schon mitreden,
auf allen erdenklichen Ebenen,
wie die vorgeschriebenen Tests
überhaupt gestaltet werden.
Bisher war es dann auch noch so,
dass diese Studie,
die der Hersteller in Auftrag gegeben hat
oder erstellt hat,
das Geschäftsgeheimnis des Herstellers war.
Die also nicht veröffentlicht
werden konnte.
Und damit für Außenstehende
nicht nachvollziehbar war,
was jetzt eigentlich die Zulassungsbehörde
dort überprüft hat.
Das macht es auch für die
Zulassungsbehörde sehr einfach,
English:
So everything depends on studies
carried out by the manufacturer.
As the European Beekeepers
Association points out,
it’s a system that’s all
too easy to manipulate.
The manufacturers can
intervene at all levels,
they even get a say in how any
prescribed tests are structured.
Up until now it’s also been
the case that these studies
that the manufacturer
commissioned or undertook,
remained a
corporate secret.
They couldn’t
be published.
So no one else could
tell what the
licensing authorities
actually checked.
That makes life easy
for the authorities
German:
weil, niemand kann die Entscheidungen
wirklich überprüfen.
Da war also ein sehr bequemes Zusammenspiel
zwischen Industrie und Regulierungsbehörde.
Und das ist bis heute so.
Ein krankes System.
Wäre es nicht besser, wenn
die Zulassungstests zukünftig
von unabhängigen Laboren durchgeführt werden
— anstatt von mächtigen Chemiekonzernen?
Wir wollen darüber mit der zuständigen Landwirtschaftsministerin sprechen.
Wochenlang bemühen wir uns
um ein Interview.
Dann ein Gespräch, aber ohne Kamera
und ohne Ministerin Klöckner.
Die habe auch nach Wochen keine Zeit
und teilt uns lediglich mit.
Man setze sich dafür ein, ?
Allerdings liegt eine EU-Richtlinie,
die die Zulassungsregeln von Pestiziden
verschärfen soll, seit sechs Jahren auf Eis.
An der Verzögerung ist auch
Deutschland beteiligt!
Für Kritiker, wie den französischen Anwalt,
English:
because no one can really
question their decisions.
It’s been a very convenient
relationship between
industry and
regulatory authority.
To this day, it remains a
distinctly sickly system.
What if independent laboratories were
to carry out tests prior to approval —
instead of these powerful
chemicals companies?
We’d like to discuss this with the German
agriculture minister Julia Klöckner.
For weeks we tried
to get an interview.
When we finally got
an appointment,
we were told we couldn’t
use our camera,
and that the minister
had no time for us.
Instead we received a statement
saying the ministry was committed to
continuing to develop the
approval and licensing procedures
on the basis of the latest developments
in science and technology.
And yet an EU directive
aimed at tightening the
approval regulations for pesticides
has been stalled for years,
with Germany among those
standing in the way.
German:
das Ergebnis erfolgreicher Lobbyarbeit
von Herstellern wie Bayer.
Man darf nicht naiv sein.
Ziel und Zweck dieser Unternehmen ist es,
Geschäfte mit diesen Produkten zu machen.
Und das tun sie mit allen Mitteln,
die ihnen zur Verfügung stehen.
Bis dahin ist das normal.
Was nicht normal ist: Gesetze zu brechen,
Dinge zu verbergen,
Zeit zu schinden, um zu verhindern,
dass Produkte vom Markt genommen werden,
die schädlich sind.
Obwohl die Beweislage eindeutig ist:
Die Neonicotinoide gehören immer noch
weltweit zu den meistverkauften Insektiziden.
Bayer hat Studien beeinflusst,
Kritiker bedroht und verklagt.
English:
Critics like French lawyer Bernard
Fau say it’s the result of
successful lobbying by
manufacturers like Bayer.
We mustn’t
be naive.
The goal and purpose of these companies
is to make money with these products.
And that’s what they do, with
all means at their disposal.
That’s normal. What isn’t
normal is breaking the law,
concealing facts and playing
for time in order to
prevent products that are harmful
from being taken off the market.
Even though the
evidence is clear,
neonicotinoids are still one of the most
widely used insecticides in the world.
Bayer on the
one hand
German:
Lasche Zulassungsregeln, Behörden die
kritische Studien ignoriert haben,
verhindern richtige Kontrollen.
Wenn sich etwas ändern soll,
dann müssen die Konzerne stärker überwacht
und Warnungen früher ernst genommen werden.
English:
has influenced scientific studies and
intimidated and sued its critics.
While on the other, lax licensing
rules and authorities who
have ignored deeply troubling studies
have prevented meaningful controls.
And meaningful change will
mean companies being monitored
more closely and
warnings heeded earlier.
|
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Chapter 50: Takatsuki Makoto speaks about the Goddess
“…Why…did my charm…my singing…not work?”
The Harpy Queen who is now only a severed head was letting out a pained voice.
Eh?
You can still speak?
“What’s with this woman…?
Why is she alive?
This is scary.” (Lucy)
Lucy is shocked.
Yeah, me too.
I feel like it might come out in my sleep, so please stop with the speaking severed head.
“That Bitch…where is Elder Sister-sama?” (Aya)
Sa-san is speaking to the severed head.
It is quite the surreal sight, but it is a serious topic, so let’s not say anything.
“…I don’t know…
After she opened the entrance of the lamia lair, she disappeared somewhere…”
“…I see.” (Aya)
Sa-san’s voice portrayed her disappointment.
I see, there’s still one more target she has to take her revenge on.
So, what do we do about this severed head?
“The lifeforce of a monster that has lived for more than a hundred years is abnormal after all.
But the source of power for monsters is their heart.
With her head and body separated, she will most likely die soon.” (Nina)
Nina-san explains to me who is a bit scared.
What a relief.
“By the way, why were you not controlled, Takatsuki-kun?” (Aya)
“That’s something that I am interested in too!” (Nina)
Nina-san and Sa-san turn with a question of their own.
Lucy is using her staff to poke the head of the Harpy Queen.
Stop that.
“It is apparently difficult to affect me with temptation magic or charm skills.
I have [Clear Mind] after all.” (Makoto)
“Hmm, I did hear that mind stabilizing skills can allow you to resist charms and illusions…” (Nina)
Nina-san is tilting her head.
“It is weird that it doesn’t work at all.” (Makoto)
“But it is thanks to Takatsuki-kun’s acting that I was able to get my revenge.” (Aya)
Sa-san is still burying her face on my chest.
It is already getting embarrassing, you know.
Can we separate already?
“Aya, get off Makoto already.” (Lucy)
Maybe she got bored of poking the head, Lucy came here.
“Eeh, just a bit more, a bit more…” (Aya)
Lucy tried to tear her away from me, and Sa-san is going no no.
It is like I am watching a little sister and big sister, and it is heartwarming.
But I would prefer if they did this without me in between.
“Now that I think about it, you have seen a Goddess, Takatsuki-sama?” (Nina)
Nina-san says this with deep interest.
“Yeah, she shows up in my dreams every now and then.
She did so yesterday too.” (Makoto)
“Ooh!
If it is after you saw an actual Goddess, I can understand why the charm effect of the siren song didn’t work at all!” (Nina)
Is that how it works?
“Takatsuki-kun, what’s a Goddess?” (Aya)
“Makoto is the believer of an Evil God, you know.
She is apparently incredibly beautiful.” (Lucy)
“Yeah yeah, she is incredibly beautiful and tries to seduce me every now and then.” (Makoto)
“A-A Goddess tries to seduce you?!” (Nina)
“She had some real provocative attire yesterday, and she touches my body pretty often…” (Makoto)
That really makes my heart throb, so I would like her to stop that.
“Eeh…could that Goddess-sama be a bitch?” (Lucy)
Lucy!
What a thing to say!
It isn’t true, right?
(Hey, I am a Virgin Goddess!) (Noah)
“The Goddess is saying that she is a virgin.” (Makoto)
I announce this for the sake of her honor.
“The fact that she says it herself is suspicious.” (Aya)
Sa-san, don’t say that.
“E-Everyone, saying all that about a God will invite divine retribution, you know?
Ah, looks like the Harpy Queen has died.” (Nina)
While we were having a stupid conversation, the Harpy Queen apparently died.
Well, who cares.
“Is there some sort of rare material?” (Makoto)
“The feathers might serve as materials.
But for a monster that has lived for more than a hundred years, their hearts are the most important part.” (Nina)
“Hoh, this?” (Aya)
Sa-san took out the heart of the Harpy Queen without any hesitation.
Grotesque…
“There should be a magic crystal in the heart.” (Nina)
“Hm, is it this?” (Aya)
There’s a magic crystal shining in orange on the hand of Sa-san.
“Ooh!
What a splendid sized magic crystal.
This will definitely be worth a good coin.” (Nina)
“There’s one other one.” (Aya)
“What?” (Nina)
Sa-san took out a magic crystal shining purple of around the same size.
“For some reason, it calms me down when I hold this magic crystal…” (Aya)
Sa-san was looking intently at the magic crystal.
“This magic crystal is most likely the one from the Lamia Queen…” (Nina)
“?! This is?” (Makoto)
I see, so it is a memento of Sa-san’s mother.
“Shouldn’t it be better if Aya were to keep it?” (Lucy)
“Yeah, it is Sa-san’s.” (Makoto)
I agree with Lucy.
“Eh?
But…” (Aya)
“I think Goshujin-sama will also happily say the same thing.” (Nina)
“Thanks…” (Aya)
Sa-san hugged the magic crystal gently into her chest.
I really am glad we managed to get her revenge.
?? “Now then, how about we go back?” (Makoto)
“Are we going through the hole again?” (Lucy)
Lucy doesn’t seem to like the idea.
“It can’t be helped.
There’s no other path.” (Makoto)
“We safely won, so—everyone!
Silent!” (Nina)
“Someone has come.” (Lucy)
Nina-san’s eyes got sharp and Lucy took a stance with her staff.
After that, my Detection also reacted.
“Looks like a party of humans are fighting monsters.” (Aya)
Looking at the place Sa-san is pointing, there’s a group of around 20 surrounded by monsters.
“What should we do?” (Makoto)
“I leave it to you, Makoto!” (Lucy)
Hm, Sa-san and Nina-san are also looking at me.
“For now, I still have a bit of leeway in the number of times I can use Spirit Magic, so let’s save them.” (Makoto)
I took 1 week, and yet, it didn’t have much of a turn.
“Spirit-sans, Spirits-sans, please help me for a bit.
[Water Magic: Water Whale].” (Makoto)
A giant water whale appears.
It swims in the underground lake area, and drags the party of 20 as it flails the monsters with its tail.
“Wawa!” “Hey!”
Lucy and Sa-san hugged me.
A massive amount of water washes to our location with the group of humans.
“Takatsuki-sama, I am surprised you can control water in such a skillful manner…” (Nina)
Nina-san says this amazed.
“Hm?
These guys are the Sun Knight Order.” (Lucy)
“That’s true.” (Makoto)
They do have the phoenix crest at their chest.
That means he is also here?
“Is everyone okay?!”
The one who appeared was the Light Hero, Sakurai-kun.
“Hey there, Sakurai-kun.” (Makoto)
“T-Takatsuki-kun?
Was that magic yours?” (Sakurai)
“Uhm, how to say it…” (Makoto)
“Ryousuke, are you okay?!
Wait, hm?
You are…”
The one who came right after was our classmate, Yokoyama-san.
“Saki-chan?” (Aya)
“Eh?
Could you possibly be Aya-chan?” (Yokoyama)
‘No way, you were alive?’, ‘It has been a while’, ‘Where were you?’, ‘Your atmosphere has changed’, ‘Yeah, a bit’.
The two girls were having a heated conversation.
Sa-san and Yokoyama-san were good friends, huh.
“Thanks for saving everyone.” (Sakurai)
Sakurai-kun gives his thanks.
“What happened?” (Makoto)
The Sun Knight Order is an elite group with everyone having high class professions.
I don’t think they would have trouble with Mid Floor monsters in Laberintos.
“Aah, actually, we encountered the Taboo Dragons at the floor down, and ended up in a battle, but…” (Sakurai)
Looks like the remaining 2 Taboo Dragons are cooperating with each other and are a hard fight.
They were thinking about separating the two, but even the Low Floor monsters attacked them, and with them having the numerical inferiority, the Taboo Dragons attacked, and they retreated.
What we saw was after they managed to escape to the Mid Floor.
“Fortunately, there were no deaths, but this time around we failed…” (Sakurai)
It is rare to see Sakurai-kun with a dark expression like that.
“If the observer, the White Great Sage, were to be more cooperative, the situation would have been a lot more different though…” (Yokoyama)
Yokoyama-san says vexed with a scowl.
“That person is our insurance for when we fail.
We can’t depend on them.” (Sakurai)
Sakurai-kun doesn’t seem to mind it.
“Eh?!
The White Great Sage is here?!” (Lucy)
Lucy shouts in surprise.
“Hey, Lucy, the White Great Sage is the one that’s said to be the strongest in the continent?” (Makoto)
“Heeh, it is rare that Makoto knows.” (Lucy)
I learned this in the temple after all.
“It can’t be helped, Saki.
We were told that we should be the ones to do something about the subjugation of the Taboo Dragons.” (Sakurai)
“But if we were to report that we failed, the Prince Faction will poke at that chance…” (Yokoyama)
“Yeah, we would be troubling Princess Noel.” (Sakurai)
I don’t know the details of it, but it seems like they are quite troubled.
Help the Light Hero ?
Don’t help the Light Hero
This is that.
The event where I listen to the Goddess’s request.
“Sakurai-kun, should I help out?” (Makoto)
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Hip Hop R&B Workout Music 2018
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THIS WEEKEND, A MAN NAMED GRAHAM
WILL HOLD A CRUSADE
IN THE TRI-CITIES.
TWO MONTHS AFTER THE DEATH OF
WORLD-FAMOUS
EVANGELIST BILLY GRAHAM...
HIS GRANDSON WILL GRAHAM WILL
HOST A THREE DAY PREACHING EVENT
AT FREEDOM HALL IN JOHNSON CITY.
LIKE HIS GRANDFATHER AND HIS
FATHER FRANKLIN
GRAHAM, WILL GRAHAM IS TRAVELING
THE WORLD
PREACHING THE MESSAGE OF THE
BIBLE.
TODAY, HE TOLD ME HE WAS INVITED
COME TO PREACH IN
JOHNSON CITY.BUT AT FIRST, IT
WAS AN INVITATION HE
DIDN'T WANT TO ACCEPT.
(WILL GRAHAM INT)
3:20"I REALLY DIDN'T WANT TO
COME AND IT'S JUST BECAUSE IT'S
THE BIBLE BELT.BUT PEOPLE IN
THE BIBLE BELT NEED
JESUS.DOESN'T MEAN EVERYONE
HERE IS A CHRISTIAN IN
JOHNSON CITY, BRISTOL, AND
KINGSPORT.
WILL GRAHAM TALKED ABOUT THE
RECENT DEATH OF HIS
LEGENDARY GRANDFATHER - WHAT IT
WAS LIKE TO MOURN A
FAMILY MEMBER ALONG WITH
STRANGERS FROM AROUND THE
WORLD.
THAT REPORT TOMORROW ON NEWS
CHANNEL 11 AT 6.
THE WILL GRAHAM CELEBRATION WILL
BE HELD AT FREEDOM HALL IN
JOHNSON CITY TOMOROW AND
SATURDAY NIGHT AT 7 P.M.
AND SUNDAY AT 4 P.M..
A KIDZFEST FOR CHILDREN WILL BE
HELD SATURDAY AT FREEDOM HALL
STARTING AT 9 A.M..
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כתוביות בעברית
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My name is Zachary Catuci, I am in the Culinary
Arts program at HFM Boces and my home school
is Gloversville High School. We learn things
from ordering food, then math in the food
world to actually preparing the food and plating
it for real hospitality issues and all that.
It taught me that it is hard work but in the
long run it pays off. I think it's helped
me out tremendously for the future cause I've
learned so much about how the real kitchen
works and what to expect there. Chef has helped
me a lot. He is the one that taught me basic
knife cuts to the harder stuff like actually
plating the dish and preparing the dishes
and math wise. He's helped me tremendously.
If we enroll in the Culinary Institute, we
put this on as reference and it makes it easier
for us to get accepted into colleges. I'd
say definitely go for it. It helps you out
a lot. You learn so much here that when you
go into college, you won't have to...you wont
look like a fool basically, trying to learn
these things. You'll already know them and
be like, "Oh, I learned this at HFM Boces."
We learn as much as we would in any other
kitchen here. It's pretty cool.
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Chinese:
伊德里斯·阿贝尔坎
神经科学专家
《怎样解放和煅炼你的大脑？》
2018年3月21日
旺代是我启步的地方，我非常高兴能回到这里。
“老乡见老乡，两眼泪汪汪”，
我想，你们一眼就能看出我有一副“旺代相”吧。
嗯，事实上我出生在Pithiviers（法国卢瓦雷省的一个市镇），
而且我的长相还带给我其它的好处，那就是:
每次我出入美国海关，那些自以为是神探可伦坡的海关官员们，
看着我护照上的那些章印，不由地想找出点什么来。
“你出生在哪儿？啊，你出生在Pithiviers"
English:
[Music]
I am very happy to be back in
Vendée This is where I started in a way
I was expecting myself to tear up
a bit I look like someone from Vendée
on top of that it’s obvious in fact I
was born in Pithiviers which is in Vendée
as you know and in fact my mother
wasn’t expecting to give me such
a gift because with a face like mine
when I cross the American border
every time with all the stamps on my
passport the man at the
border directly thinks he is Inspector
Columbo so he’s going to try something
Chinese:
然后因为这个“Pithiviers”, 会要你在贵宾室里呆6个小时。
我最近一次接受这样的礼遇，是在特朗普选举期间。
谢谢你们的热情接待，谢谢你们的光临！
关于这次讲座，我们将直接进入主题。
威尔逊，是美国总统的那个，而不是打篮球的那个。
他说过，如果你想要，真的想要，一个最最强大的敌人，
有一个最简单的方法就是尝试做一些新事物。
有这么一个笑话：有一个人想买些蜗牛做晚餐，
于是他就去了市场。
卖蜗牛的商人有两盆蜗牛，
一盆有盖子，另一盆没有盖子。
他问商人： 为什么这盆要盖上盖子？
English:
“where were you born?” “Pithiviers”
“doesn’t say that on your passport it says Pithiviers”
this is when you know you’ll spend 6 hours there
on top of that last time it was
during Trump’s election
they were all so tense
thank you for this awesome welcome for
this full house at this conference
that we’re going to start without any ado
as an introduction the
president Wilson the one from the United States
not the one from the basketball
he said that if you laughed at
this one everything is going to be alright
he said if you want if you want
to make a lot but really a
lot of enemies you just need
to make something new and there’s
a joke about that it’s the joke
of the guy who wants to buy snails
for dinner so he goes to the
snails vendor and the snails
vendor has two basins there’s one with
a lid and there’s one without
a lid so he asks the vendor
why is there a lid on this
basin what’s happening the thing
Chinese:
那商人回答道： 先生，因为这个盆子里装的是英国蜗牛，
英国蜗牛会想尽一切办法逃走，
如果不盖上盖子，你看着，到了下午，它们就全跑没了。
那人问：那盆没有盖子的蜗牛是怎么回事？难道它们病了吗？
哪有的事，先生，商人回答说:它们好着呢。
挠挠它们，咯叽，咯叽，你瞧，
这些是法国蜗牛，没有必要盖上盖子，
因为一旦有一只蜗牛爬上盆子边沿，
马上就会有其它的蜗牛把它拽下来。
【笑声】
这位是圣奥古斯丁，
圣奥古斯丁，他是一位天才，
出生于卡比尔（现位于北非阿尔及利亚），
他能直接“把真相印入大脑”。
不错，你看，他正在“把真相直接下载”到他的大脑里。
English:
is answers the merchant it’s
because in this basin there are
British snails and the British
snail no matter what you
do tries to escape it
is not dumb so if at the end of the
day you haven’t put the lid on the
50
00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:11,310
basin is empty but the other basin
why is there no lid on it
mister vendor are your snails
sick of course not mister not at all
those little snails are fine
tickle tickle here you’ve got
French snails and the French snail
doesn’t need a lid
because as soon as one tries to escape
the other ones jump on it
to bring him back
this one is on me so this guy
this guy is Saint Augustine
Saint Augustine was kabyle like all
the genius
and at that moment in fact he doesn’t give a damn anymore
he is directly downloading the truth
in his head
of course you’re seeing him he is
downloading the
Chinese:
这是一幅极具颠覆性的画作。
看，画作中的他，脚踩在书堆上，
这可不是为了搞笑，而是为了表达他根本就对书本不以为然。
对他而言，真相是直接装进他的大脑里的。
他是用什么方法做到这样的呢？
用他的心。
哪怕是在那个年代，我们也已经知道，
当我们对一件事情感兴趣时，我们学习起来会更容易。
我们知道这个事实很久了，从古罗马时代就知道了。
这幅画重申了这一点。
也就是说，带着热情学习，能把知识直接印入大脑。
事实上，这正是“磁石”这个词的来源，
早在亚里士多德时代，我们真的认为磁石的磁性类似于一种爱的感应，
它能在两个对象之间相互传递。
这就是为什今天法语里有“aimant”这个词，意为“吸引力”
English:
truth directly in his head and in
fact this painting is really
subversive as much as a painting during
Louis XV’s reign could be
subversive and in fact he is
stepping on books and there’s no
joke that is at that moment he doesn’t
give a damn anymore he is downloading the truth
directly in his head
and what does he use to
download the truth in his head his
heart he uses his heart because
already at that time they knew that when you like
something you learn it more
easily
in fact we’ve been knowing that for a long time
since the ancient times
but this painting is a reminder that
is to download the
knowledge directly in his
brain he is going to use his passion
for the truth the word magnet comes
from there in fact in Aristotle’s time
they were really thinking that
a magnet magnetism was a sort
of sympathy a sort of love which
connected two objects and it’s
for that reason that today in
French we call it a magnet and here
English:
his magnet for knowledge
is his heart and that’s the main
subject of my work on education or
more simply on one of the
biggest lie of the industrial
revolution which is to produce or
to flourish a choice needs to be made
you can’t have both you can either be
productive and depressed or
you’re fulfilled and you’re a
bum and this opposition is in fact
obvious when you say it out loud
you can feel it’s fake you can feel it’s
not relatable as soon as you make
a sentence out of it
you can quickly understand its limits
but the worst lies
are the tacit lies which
are subconscious you know that
in French the etymology of the word work
comes from the latin tripalium which means
torture instrument in Italian
it’s lavoro which means
the pain of giving birth
so we’ve got in the Latin world a real
notion that in fact the arduousness is
the equivalent of work and that you
can’t measure someone’s
productivity without measuring his pain and
Chinese:
当我们说吸引力，事实上是在说吸引人心。
这正是我在教育方面的工作主题之一，
或者更简单地说，这实际上是有关于工业革命的谎言中的一个，
即：你必须在生产率和快乐之间做选择，
不能两者兼得，
或者你很有生产能力，却很抑郁；
或者你很快乐，却是个懒汉。
如果有人宣扬这样一种对立情况时，
那么无论哪个通情达理的人都会感到有问题，
它根本站不住脚，
我们马上就能发现它的局限性。
但是最厉害的谎言是心照不宣，是无意识的。
法语里“工作”这个词来源于拉丁语的“tripalium”，
这是一种古代的工具，用来折磨反叛的奴隶。
工作这个词的意大利语是“lavoro”，意思是分娩时的疼痛。
所以，在拉丁语种的世界里，
我们可以得到这个概念，工作必定是痛苦的。
更彻底地说，当我们衡量某人的生产效益时，
少不了要计量他所承受的痛苦。
Chinese:
就这样，择优原则引申为了“痛苦原则”。
这就是说，如果没有痛苦就没有贡献。
虽然当有人这么说时，我们会觉得这个说法不怎么站得住脚，
可是在不少国家，这样的潜在的逻辑影响着许多人的思想。
在韩国就是如此，
人们很少使用他们的假期，
如果他们使用一周的假期，他们会感到心中有愧，
他们甚至发明了“微型假期”：
你能看到，下午7点到9点时，有父亲们在公园里支起帐篷，
就这样，父亲和孩子野营，每天一起享受几个小时的假日时光。
似乎是如果你完全享受了假期，
就有愧于国家的经济发展。
嗯，关于这点，真的是需要我们有智慧地应对的，
因为，富有成效的人不一定快乐，
这是可以肯定的。
English:
and so the meritocracy by extension
is a suffercracy which means if you
haven’t suffered you’re not deserving
once again as soon as you say it you can
feel it’s not working that way in fact
but there’re so many country where there’s
this software in the back room of
many people’s minds Korea works
that way in Korea people barely
take days off they’ve got a
week off but they really take
it furtively they even
invented the concept of mini
vacations you see family man
who are deploying the Quechua
tent in a public park from 7pm to
9pm to spend time under the tent
with their children just like that
some hours in the day
because if you go on a real
vacation it would be too much
and it’s really the idea that if you’re
fulfilled you’re a
traitor to the national economic
recovery it’s really the thing that
we need
to work on intellectually because
not all productive people are
fulfilled it’s for sure not all
English:
productive people are
fulfilled you can have an engineer
who is really good at his job and at some
point because someone
keyed his car pulls out a gun
and kills someone it’s common
in the States you can have
someone clever you can
have someone competent who
at some point will become a burden
for the society and the 20th century showed
on a very big scale
that it’s not because someone is productive
that he/she is fulfilled but all fulfilled
people are for sure productive
you’ll never see someone fulfilled
in jail it doesn’t exist
of course you don’t have to
believe me I have two hours to
convince you about that all
unproductive people are not necessarily
fulfilled of course you already knew that
but all fulfilled people are for sure
without any doubt
productive and for that we need
to question the roots of
productivity in fact what you’re
seeing here is the new F-35’s helmet
in other words the plane that cost a boatload
to the American taxpayers and that still
doesn’t fly perfectly and that
Chinese:
你可能会看到，一位优秀的工程师，
因为某人当着他的面划坏了他的汽车，
他就拿出枪把那个人打死了，
这种突然失去理智的事在美国很常见。
一个有才华，有能力的人，
在一定的时候，就可能成为社会的重负，
这种情况，在20世纪时就已大规模地显示了。
富有成效的人不一定快乐，但快乐的人却是富有成效的。
你会在监狱里看到一个快乐的人吗？这是不存在的。
当然，你们不必全信我的话。我还有2个小时可以用来说服你们。
富有成效的人不一定快乐，
但快乐的人却是肯定地，必然地，毋庸置疑地富有成效的，
为此，我们需要对生产效益这个问题追根求源。
现在你们看到的是驾驶着最新的F-35多用途战斗机的飞行员戴的头盔。
尽管美国为军用飞机花费了大量的纳税人的钱，可是结果并不那么理想。
English:
plane has the the most neuro
ergonomic helmet on earth
a single helmet costs 450 thousand
dollars only the helmet I’m not talking
about the researche to create it
I’m talking about the helmet if you
want to buy yourself one for Christmas
you’ll need to spend 450 thousand bucks to
use this helmet and in fact
this helmet illustrates a discipline which
strove to be known
it was very difficult and which is
called neuro ergonomic this
discipline was in fact born in the US
air force and the reason why
it was born in the US air force is not
because the guy who created it
who is called Raja
Parasuraman who is dead now
it’s not because that guy wanted
to work for the US air force
it’s because he had nobody else to
work for that is in the 70’s
when he introduced the concept of
neuro ergonomy everyone laughed
everyone and the US air force thought
your idea is not that dumb and spent
a lot of money only to
enhance the pilot’s lever and the
pilot’s lever it’s apparently clear
that is not to plant carrots
Chinese:
这架飞机里的飞行员戴的头盔是最新科技产品，
价值45万美元，这仅仅是这个头盔的价格。
我且不说这个头盔的开发研究成本，
我只说这个头盔的价格，
如果你想买它做为圣诞节礼物，只需支付45万美元。
实际上，这个头盔充分印证了一个科学研究领域，
要在这个领域里有所突破是非常困难的，
它就是神经工效学。
这项研究最早是美国空军开始的。
当时做这个研究的人名为Raja Parasuraman，
现在他已经去世了。他一开始并没想为美国空军工作，
后来他为美国空军工作，是因为在当时没有其他人选。
也就是说，在1970年代，
当他阐述神经工效学这个概念时，
所有的人都觉得好笑，
是的，所有的人。
但美国空军认为这个点子不错，
当时，他们为了提高战斗机操作杆的性能投入了海量的资金，
在这点上应该没有异议，战斗机不是为了播种蔬菜，
它的目标是歼灭敌人，
English:
it’s to kill people so the aim of
enhancing the pilot’s lever is to
make it easier for him to attack
more targets
I mean to control
the airspace they send hunters
interceptors today multirole
hunters who can as well
bomb as intercept and to have a
good control of the airspace they need
the hunter to engage many
other hunters and that’s what we
call avionic and the avionic is
still not automatic even
today there’re some aspects that are
automatic but they need the pilot
to decide if he shoots
or not so the pilot needs to have
a good understanding of the things that
are happening miles away
from him obviously during WWI
aerial fights were almost
hand to hand but now
they do it from further away so the main issue
for the Americans during the Cold War
and still today was
to develop a helmet which would allow the
246
00:08:42,669 --> 00:08:46,750
pilots to understand what was going on
100km away from them in all
directions who were the allies and
who were the enemies when to
shoot and so on so so they developed
this helmet before that for example to send
a missile they needed to slowly
lock the target with a kind of
Chinese:
所以，提高战斗机操作杆的性能的目的是为了一次性攻击尽可能多的目标。
为了控制空域，以前我们派出截击机，
现在使用多用途战机，
它能消灭敌方战机。
为了更好地控制空域，需要单架飞机能同时与多架飞机交战，
这就有了航空电子。
航空电子设备还不完全是自动的，
尽管现在已有很多的自动设备，
但仍然需要由飞行员来决定是否发射武器，
这就要求飞行员能感知周围百公里内的情况。
我们知道，一战时期的空中战斗，战机之间是近战，
但现在战域扩展至百来公里，
所以，从冷战期间直到现在，
美国一直努力发展飞行员头盔技术，
为了让飞行员能很好地了解周围百公里内的情况。
清楚在他的周围，哪些是敌人，哪些是伙伴，
他该向谁射击。
在投入使用这个头盔之前的情况是：
在发射导弹之前，
先要使用手柄慢慢瞄准目标，
English:
joystick but now they just need to
look at it and blink and the missile
goes off this is to show you
till where we can go
when we really care about
the ergonomic it is not
impossible to care about
cerebral ergonomy I won’t say
it’s simple because it took them
time but when you really want it
here how powerful is the ergonomy
and when you don’t give a damn
it can give that what you’re seeing now
in fact I’m a bit mean because
it’s not that we don’t really give a damn
this was the Rolls Royce of the military
shoes in 1840
believe me and those
shoes why were they the
Rolls Royce of the military shoes in
1840 it’s because they were
one of the first shoes in history that
had a left and right foot
the concept of left and right
feet for example during Napoleon’s reign
was a complete decadent lux
if one soldier had
asked to make a shoe with a
Chinese:
而现在只需要通过飞行员转头的动作来追踪目标。
我说这些是为了让你们知道，
当我们真正关心神经工效学时，我们能走到哪儿。
实际上，只要我们真正关心神经工效学，
神经工效学就会发展。
我没有说它很简单，这需要时间，
但如果我们什么都不做，
那就会是这样——【图片 鞋子】
你们看到的是一双1840年的高级军鞋。
为什么我要让你们看这个呢？
因为这是历史上第一双区分左右脚的鞋。
在以前，鞋要分左右脚这个概念完全是一种奢侈，
试想，在拿破仑的时代，
如果听到一位士兵说：
嗨，不能按照我们的左脚和右脚分别做鞋吗？
大家都会笑起来，
Chinese:
真的，所有的人都会笑。
因为这支大军所穿的鞋，
全部都是一样的。
无论左脚还是右脚
两只脚的鞋是完全一样的。
它有好处，从某个意义上说，
至少批量制作起来更为容易。
所以，当时如果有人胆敢提出要按照左右脚分别做鞋，
不但会遭到嘲笑，
没准还会被怀疑是另有用心。
为什么要提这样的要求？
这难道不是浪费时间？
总之，这个提议在当时是不会有结果的，
而这些，正是我的研究课题。
比如，你去鞋匠那里，
如果鞋匠对你说，
你要知道，不是我做鞋子来习惯你的脚，
而是你的脚来习惯我做的鞋子。
你肯定会这样回答，
你这个蠢货，
简直是胡言乱语。
我的脚可要比你的鞋重要得多，长久得多，
你的鞋会坏，
不出五年就得换新的。
而我的脚，我会一直使用它们，
所以，绝不是让我的脚去适应你做的鞋，
English:
left foot and one with a right foot
for a change everyone would have laughed
everyone
the big army’s shoes was
the same one you would take one for the
right foot and one for the left
foot but it was the same shoe and
it had a meaning because you could
imagine that industrially speaking
it was easier to produce
so if someone had asked if someone
would have had the audacity to ask for a shoe
only for the right and left foot
everyone would have laughed at him
he would almost have been called
a traitor a waste of time
for Napoleon and nobody would have looked further
that’s my subject and it’s almost
all my subject you see if you
go to a shoemaker and he
says you know what
it’s probably not my shoe that
has to adapt to your foot it’s your foot that
has to adapt my shoe so you’re
going to answaer that he is a jerk who
doesn’t know how to do his job because
I’m going to wear my feet a bit
longer than your shoes your
shoes are going to last 4 or 5
years I won’t wear them anymore I’m
going to change them my feet though
I hope I’m going to wear
them a bit longer so it’s
Chinese:
而是你按照我的脚来设计鞋子的形状。
这是常识吧。
我说这是常识，
可是别忘了，
最早的时侯并不是这样的。
要想这类事情理所当然地，
为现在坐在这里的每个人所拥有，
需要通过高智慧的斗争，斗争得到的结果就是：
现在在座的任何一位听到某鞋匠说，
“该是你的脚来习惯我做的鞋”时，
都会说这个鞋匠绝对不是一位好鞋匠。
说到我们的大脑，
虽然不会使用这位鞋匠理论，
但涉及的是同一个主题，
也就是说，如果听到有人对你说，
“应该是你的大脑要来适应我所设计的机器，
而不是我的机器去适应你的大脑。”
事实是，他正在试图欺骗你。
因为人类是世界万物里最高级的物种，
毋庸置疑，
不存在优于人性之上的人造物。
以人为本，人性至上，
即“人”的不可凌架性。
任何人造物，比如，金字塔，罗马帝国……
随你想到其它什么，都不凌架于“人”之本身。
一句话，是人性至上！
然而，如今，人性正处于一种巨大的焦虑之中，
因为我们正在思忖，
是否还有什么事物，
不在人工智能所能及的范畴内。
English:
definitely not my feet that have to take
the shape of your shoes it’s your
shoes that have to take the shape of
my feet it’s simple what I’m telling you
it’s simple but remember that
through History it wasn’t that simple
they needed to fight
intellectually to make it
simple for everybody in this
room today but this high
flying intellectual fight led
to the fact that anyone in this
room knows that a shoemaker who comes
and says that it’s your feet
that have to adapt to his shoes is a
bad shoemaker we don’t have the
word shoemaker for the brain but it’s
the same subject that is someone
who comes and says it’s your
brain that has to adapt to
my system and not
my system that has to adapt to your brain
in fact he is ripping you off
because the human being is superior to
all those creations you won’t
find any human creation that is
superior to the humanity the humanity
is superior to all the things
it created from the pyramids
to the Roman Empire
anything the humanity is
superior to all those creations and
the humanity today is worrying
because it is wondering
if one of its creation won’t
exceed it that is the artificial
English:
intelligence but so far
the humanity stayed superior to all
its creations and the humanist movement
gave its importance to mankind
that is it’s not to
mankind to enter our
systems it’s to our systems to
adapt itself to mankind of course
it’s easy to say it
theoretically like that
but how do we apply it
concretely first we can ask ourselves
if that much efforts were
put into neuro ergonomy
to kill people
it could be interesting to put
them into the daily life
if you know a bit my work you
know that a big subject of my
research is what I called
the pacifist industrial complex
the opposite of the military industrial complex
that is how to put the same
economic and intellectual efforts
put into war
in peace and the neuro ergonomy is
about that precisely so
on one side we can observe that it took
years to accept a shoe for the right
foot and one for the left foot when they
wanted to spend more money they made a helmet
Chinese:
尽管到目前为止，
人性还一直优先于其它事物。
人文主义思潮确立了个人价值，
肯定了人是生活的创造者和主人。
这也就是说，
绝不应该让人去适应机器或环境系统，
而应该去设制符合人类的机器或环境系统。
按理说，这很容易做判断，
像这样权威性的词汇已有很多。
但是，如何实际应用呢？
嗯，我们已经在提出这类问题了，
【头盔图片】
看看这个，我们在神经工效学投资如此之多，
目的却是杀人。
如果投资神经工效学的目的是为了我们的生活呢？
也许你听说过我的工作，
我所研究的一个重要主题之一，
就是我所说的与“军事工业复合体”相对的“和平工业复合体”，
也就是说，如何实现在“军事工业”，在“和平工业”，
投入同样多的金钱和智慧？
这就是神经功效学的课题。
你们看，一方面，我们已知道，
在民事生产中，要花多少年，
我们才接纳了做鞋要分左右脚这样的事；
另一方面，在军事生产里，只要我们愿意
——比如，为了能在即时锁定多个攻击目标时，
English:
that cost 400 450 thousand dollars according to
the variations that could instantly
identify many targets reduce the pilot
cognitive load so obviously
we can legitimately ask
ourselves that’s a classroom
in 1875
that’s a classroom today
and I’m not here to criticize that
is in fact I’m a
structuralist I’m never criticizing
people I’m criticizing the structures I’m
criticizing you know mankind is obviously
superior to all his creations
but he still has quite a short
lifetime in his history
himself in human history so
we tend to let ourselves be
overwhelmed by systems we created
without questioning them because
we’ve got automatism and we can
really be overwhelmed by
systems and structures we created
that goes for the economy mankind
created the economy to help himself
but ends up dying for it mankind
created the states and nations
to help himself but ends up dying
for them the Indians from America
for example didn’t have flags they
didn’t have the concept of nation state
Chinese:
尽可能地减少飞行员的脑力负担，
——我们马上投下巨额资金以生产这样的头盔；
对此，我们可以合理地提出上面这个问题。
【图片 教室】
这是一间1875年的教室。
【图片 教室】
这是今天的教室。
我不是为批评谁，
实际上，我是一个结构主义者，
我从不批评人，
我只批评结构。
虽然人类是世界万物里最高级的物种，
但是人生很短，
而且人类的历史也并不长。
可是现在的趋向是，我们创造机器，
让机器超过了我们，并对此毫不置疑。
这是因为我们有全自动技术，
它们的生产能力是比人力强，
有效地促进了经济发展。
只是，人类创造这些，
本来是为人类自己，
最终却牺牲了我们自已。
同样的，人类创造了国家，民族等，
最终却为国而亡，为族而亡。
以美洲印第安人为例，
他们没有自己的旗帜，
English:
as we know it because they
didn’t feel the need to
but as soon as they met states
with a flag and a national anthem
they all died and the state nations
were created in the beginning to protect themselves
from the others
it was bad luck for a people to
met another people that had a
state nation while it didn’t have one
and it’s precisely what happened
with the romans in Gaul but it’s also
what happened with the Indians
from America what’s
even worse it’s that
this desk here is more
ergonomic than this one because it’s
inclined so this one reduces
the risks of carpal tunnel
syndrome
I admit
I would’ve liked that we could have done better
but how can we do to do better
it’s all the subject I’m going to be very sincere
I don’t have a more important message
that the one that’s going to appear
on the screen if you already
have seen some of my conferences
you already know for some of you
this message but I really don’t have
a more important message than this one
Chinese:
没有我们所说的民族国家的概念，
这是因为他们不感到有这个需要，
但是一旦他们遇到了那些打着旗帜，唱着国歌的人，
他们全都死了。
最初，我们创建民族国家，
是为了人们之间互相保护，
可是民族国家对美洲印第安人来说，
却是不幸。
发生在印弟安人身上的事，
在罗马人和高卢人之间，
也同样发生过。
【图片】更重要的是，
（以前的）这个教室比（现在的）这个
更符合人体工程学，
因为它的课桌是倾斜的。
这能降低得腕管综合征的风险。
我必须老实对你们说，
我们原本可以做得更好。
但如何才能做得更好？
这就是我要说主题。
真的，我想传递给你们的最重要的信息，
就在这两个小泡泡里。
也许你们中的一些人已经听过我的讲座，
那你们已经知道了这个信息，
除此之外，我真的其它更重要的信息了，
Chinese:
所以，我很真诚地对于你们说，
你们可以起身离座，
去哪里喝上点夏郞德甜酒……
呵呵，看来我徒是一位地方主义者，
完全不称职……（演讲者意识到自己搞错了，
因为夏郞德甜酒不是此次演讲地点旺代地区的特产。）
总之，我真的没有比这个更重要的消息了，
那就是：历史上任何一次我们会记得的革命性改变，
不论是哲学、政治、道德、科学技术、宗教……
还是其它任何领域，都一样，
如果它是一场革命性改变，
它总是有步骤地，必然地分三步走——
首先，它被认为是可笑的，
然后它被认为是危险的，
最后它被认为是显而易见的。
——可笑，危险，明显。
English:
that is to be very
honest once I will have given it
to you you can stand up and leave
have a glass of Pinot des Charentes
yes I regionalize my jokes it’s not even appropriate
I couldn’t find an alcohol from Bressuire
someone at the front row is telling me
there are a lot but I think if
I had said there were a lot
you might have been offended
I don’t have a more important message
than this one this message
is that any revolution in the
human history that is
philosophical political moral
scientific technical religious legal
whatever in each
area if it’s a revolution
it systematically has to go
through three stages first it’s
always considered ridiculous
then it’s considered dangerous
and finally it’s obvious
Chinese:
以妇女的投票权为例：
【看手表】
统计表明，现在在座的一千个人里，
肯定有人会说，今天真是可笑。
【笑声】
我总是在三月八号开这个玩笑。
玩笑结束，回归正题，
在1789年《人权和公民权宣言》里提到的“人”，
仅仅是针对“拥有市民权的男性”而言的，
并不包括“女人们”，
这很可笑吧。
当时为妇女争取权利的奥兰普·德古热，
后来在法国革命期间，
被推上了断头台，
起诉要点之一是:
在她的作品《女性与女性公民权宣言》中，
她向男性权力和男女不平等的观念发出挑战。
可见，虽然被认为是笑话，但也和危险沾边了。
法国革命之后100年，19世纪末，1889年，
有一位英国妇女要求投票权时，男人们开始思忖这个问题，
“谁来带孩子？谁来做饭洗碗？”
于是这就成了问题，而且变成危险了。
于是，那些为争取女性参政权的英国妇女们遭到迫害，
English:
ridiculous dangerous and obvious
women’s vote for example
statistically in a room of a
thousand people there’s inevitably one
that’s going to say no it’s still ridiculous
today make this joke 12 days
before the 8th of march done let’s be
serious 1889 bill of rights
1789 sorry 1789
French bill or rights for men
and men citizens but no woman
in sight no missus leave me alone
I’ve got work to do
it’s ridiculous Olympe de gouges was
beheaded she was beheaded
because she tried to write
the bill of rights for women
and women citizens
directly beheaded so we’re flirting
with the dangerous but after
the beheading of olympe de gouges
a woman who asks for the right to vote
they don’t behead they laugh so it’s
ridiculous a 100 years later 1889
it’s dangerous who’s going to look after the children
and wash the dishes because after
a 100 years men started to ask
Chinese:
她们被监禁在监狱里，被折磨，
被关入精神病院，
被杀。
在19世纪末的伦敦，
可以因为一位女性“读小说”而把她关入精神病院，
所以，关于女权的革命进入了第二个阶段，
即被视做是危险的阶段。
现在，妇女拥有选举权，且“为什么不呢？”
这已成为一件显而易见的事。
另外，我要说明一下，
这样的事例并不是在世界各处同步发生的，
同样的事，在不同的地理位置，有些尚处在荒谬阶段，
有些已经在显而易见的阶段。
我们应把这种现象当做机遇，
试想，如果我们想要一次性改变整个世界，
这无疑太困难了。
这些革命性改变，
无论是技术上的，
还是政治上的，
English:
themselves real questions
so they torture lock up in psychiatric
hospital or in jail the suffragettes
and as a last resort they kill them
a legal criterion to get a woman admitted
into a psychiatric hospital at the end of the 19th century
was she reads books end of the joke
so we’re in the dangerous
period and then today
women vote and so what
it’s completely obvious
except for some countries to whom we give
the Legion of Honour
I’ve made this joke in front of
prefects
if you’re looking for me you’ll find me
at the nearest sm club only to tell you
it’s not synchronous it’s not
synchronous there are places
where it’s ridiculous and others
where it’s obvious and that’s
kind of an opportunity because if we
had to change the whole world at once
it would probably be too complicated for
those revolutions a technologic revolution
as well as a political
revolution
Chinese:
由于地理位置的原因，
有些地区已到了显而易见的阶段，
有些还处于危险或可笑的阶段。
所有的革命性变革都经历过了这三个阶段——
地球是圆形的：可笑，危险，明显。
地球绕着太阳转：可笑，危险，明显。
废除奴隶制度：可笑，危险，明显。
废除种族隔离制度：可笑，危险，明显。
女人可以穿长裤：可笑，危险，明显。
问问可可香奈儿就知道了。
男人和女人一起参加讲座：可笑，危险，明显。
现在为这个大厅所有的设备提供电源的是交流电，
可在19世纪初，托马斯·爱迪生认为交流电是危险的，
虽然托马斯·爱迪生是一位电力系统专家，
但是他始终认为交流电是危险的。
在爱迪生手下工作的尼古拉·特斯拉开发了交流电，
由于爱迪生不认同交流电系统，
导致尼古拉·特斯拉斯与乔治·威斯汀豪斯合作，
开办了西屋电气公司，从此与爱迪生的直流系统直接竞争。
为了让大众产生交流电比直流电更危险的印象，
托马斯·爱迪生联合利益集团，动用一切手段妖魔化交流电：
当他听说纽约州政府正在考虑用电椅的时候，
他大力推荐使用交流电；
他还曾经在纽约的公共场所，
English:
well sometimes there are geographical
areas where it’s obvious
and others where
it’s dangerous or ridiculous
but any revolution went through
those three steps all of them the earth
is round ridiculous dangerous obvious
the earth goes round the sun ridiculous
dangerous obvious the abolition of slavery
ridiculous dangerous obvious the abolition
of the apartheid ridiculous dangerous obvious
women can wear
pants ridiculous dangerous obvious
ask coco chanel women and
men can attend a conference
together ridiculous dangerous
obvious the alternating current that
supply all the electronic
devices of this room well the
alternating current according Thomas Edison
who was quite a competent
guy in electric current well
it was dangerous
Thomas Edison during the 19th century beginning of 20th
even lobbying to prove
the dangerousness of alternating current that
had been discovered by nikola tesla
who had worked for his
rival
the Westinghouse society and precisely
Thomas Edison did lobbying for
being electrocuted becomes
English:
being Westinghouse he even
electrocuted dogs and
cats on a public place in New York City
with alternating current to prove
it was dangerous he even
dared to buy
an elephant retired from a circus to
kill him with alternating current in new
york so ridiculous dangerous obvious the
problem is we go straight from
dangerous to obvious so the cynicism
goes on we forget that everything
that surrounds us
the diversity of this room as well as
the alternating current or the personal
computer and so on
well we forget that everything that
surrounds us went through those
three steps it’s obvious for us now but there was
a time where it was between
ridiculous and dangerous
so obviously it’s very easy now
to laugh at our
ancestors to say that they didn’t know
that the alternating current wasn’t
dangerous some of them at the time
of incandescent lamps were
unscrewing the lamp to try and lit
the coil with a candle with a
match and I mean it’s easy
to laugh at it but what’s difficult
Chinese:
用交流电当众电死狗和猫。
他做这些都是为了向市民宣传交流电的危险性。
为了打垮西屋电气公司，
他甚至从马戏团里买回一头退役的大象，
然后亲自用交流电电死了这头大象。
你们又看到了吧：可笑，危险，明显。
问题是，看待发生在我们身边的事物时，
我们直接进入显而易见的阶段。
比如在这个厅里，男人和女人坐在一起听讲座，
使用交流电，个人电脑等
对于这些事物，
我们习以为常，引以为然，
我们忘记了，在这之前，
在历史上的某时某地，
它们或是可笑的，
或是危险的，
直到今天才成为显而易见的。
当然，笑话前人前事，
是件容易的事，
笑话以前的人不知道交流电其实不危险，
笑话以前的人不会使用白炽灯，
试图用蜡烛或火柴去点灯丝……
笑话别人总是很容易。
困难的是提出问题，
English:
is to ask ourselves what’s
ridiculous today and what
could become obvious tomorrow because
we’re far from finishing in this
dynamic the idea of having shoes
with a right and left foot
went trough ridiculous dangerous
obvious and it’s the military necessity
that made it slowly evolve well
the idea of having neuro ergonomy in
school I beg you to believe me
will go from ridiculous dangerous
and obvious too
in fact those three steps are so
true ridiculous dangerous and obvious and
Schopenhauer that originated this
idea in fact and Gandhi too well
it’s so true that if an idea doesn’t
go through ridiculous it’s not
revolutionary at all if an idea
doesn’t go through ridiculous
it can’t be revolutionary the
reciprocity isn’t true that is
that every revolutionary idea must
go through ridiculous but every
dumb idea isn’t necessarily
revolutionary it’s very difficult
for a decider and today we’re
all deciders
it’s very difficult for a decider to
make the difference between a
Chinese:
哪些事在今天我们看来是可笑的，
在明天会变得显而易见？
这才是真正的智慧。
路漫漫……
从产生做鞋分左右的想法，
到现在成为常规，
主要是由于军事的需要，
并且经过漫长的进程，
走过了三个阶段才实现的。
可以想见，在学校里推广神经工程学，
相信我吧，
它也将会经历可笑，危险，明显这三个阶段。
事实上，这个三个阶段的概念是叔本华提出的，
甘地也提出过。
这是肯定的，
如果一个点子没有经历可笑阶段，
它就不会是革命性的。
换言之：如果一个想法不可笑，
它就不可能具有革命性。
反之则不然——
也就是说，
愚蠢可笑的想法，不一定是革命性的。
这样一来，就增加了决策者的难度，
尤其在今天，每个人都是决策人，
各种新点子充斥在生活中，
我们怎样才能判断，
Chinese:
它究竟是一个会引发革命的点子，
还是一个蠢念头呢？
苏菲派教徒说：“红宝石比矿山小。”
没错， 红宝石具有革命性，
矿山是笨人的主意。
如果你想拥有一颗红宝石而又不想费力开采，
自然是去找珠宝商，
赚大钱的人是珠宝商，
是在无数不可分辨的砾石中找到红宝石的人，
这样才产生了市场。
当我们把红宝石从砾石里分离出来，
打磨后放在用绸缎镶边的垫子上，它就身价百倍了。
嗯，革命性变革也是如此，
想要发动一场革命性变革，
就要在诸多的难以分辨的各种想法里，
找到具有革命性的想法。
显然地，不是任何砾石里都有红宝石，
也不是任何想法都具有革命性。
你永远不会在砾石之外找到红宝石，
你也不可能在那些当时看似愚蠢的想法之外，
找到具有革命性的点子。
English:
revolutionary idea and simply a
dumb idea I can see on your faces that
you’re facing them every day in fact
the Sufis say that the ruby is smaller
than the mine
to that I want to say thank you
for coming but it’s true that is
the ruby represents the revolutionary
idea and the mine represents
the dumb ideas well if you want
to find a ruby without getting your hands
dirty you need to go to the
jeweller
but you won’t earn any
money on that the one that
earns money thanks to the ruby
is the one who goes get them
when they look like rocks it works
there in fact and when he pulls it
out of the rock and shape it and put
it on a silky embroidered cushion
all of the sudden the value rose and
it’s the same for the revolutions to change
to bring a revolution to the world you
need to go get it when it’s
indistinguishable from the other dumb
ideas so obviously every rock
doesn’t hide a ruby it’s for
obvious but each dumb idea
doesn’t hide a revolution either
but you’ll never see you’ll never
find a ruby somewhere else than
in a rock and you’ll
never find a revolution somewhere else
English:
than in ideas that look dumb at
their time
so obviously let’s try to put
it into practice on this notion
of neuro ergonomy and let’s enter the heart
of the matter this is Mr Alexis
Lemaire and Alexis Lemaire is a
scientist in quantic physic
he is not autistic I insist because
now you’re going to see what’s
on the board and you could doubt it
and he calculated the 13th
square root of a number with a 100 digit numbers
in his head in 3 seconds 62
his brain can make it and in fact
yours actually it’s quite a
debate on that for this particularly
13 square root because I really like
Alexis Lemaire but he wouldn’t
agree on the fact that anybody
could do the same but he also
published his methodology
he is quite an open minded guy there was
a guy named Viem Klein and his
job was calculator and
Viem Klein was calculating the 73rd
Chinese:
现在我们进入神经工效学这个概念。
请允许我向你们介绍亚历克西·斯勒梅尔先生，
他是量子物理学的研究员
他没有自闭症，
我这样强调，
是不想你们因为照片产生某些联想，
他是一个心算世界记录保持者，
（2004年12月）他用时3.62秒，
心算出了一个100位数的13次方根。
他的大脑能做到这样，
我们的大脑呢，
当然，我在这里不是为了讨论关于13次方根的心算问题。
亚历克西也不会同意说，
这是谁都能做到的事，
而且他还是出了书，
解释了他的计算方法。
另有一位名叫Wim Klein（克莱因）的人，
他是一位计算师，
他能在1分钟内计算出任意一个500位数的73次方根。
Chinese:
他曾为CERN（欧洲核子研究组织）工作，
他的工作是做大量复杂的计算，
他的计算速度比当时的电脑快。
他的大多数计算是心算，
他的工作之一是计算和检验其它计算师的计算结果。
他曾说，在一定的情况下，
进行相当数量的特定训练后，一般人也能做到。
我们知道有很多悖论，
可能相信“天才和白痴只—線之隔。”
其实根本不是这样，
事实上，这需要进行超常的明确的训练。
在克莱因的例子里，我可以告诉你们，
克莱因的数字天份是与生俱来的，
在他的生活里，数字包围着他，
就好像如果他走进这个大厅，
身不由己地，就会有无数的数字，
比如圆周率小数点后的数字，
跃出他的脑海，投映在四周的墙上。
问题是，这给克莱因带来一些困难，
正因为他的大脑会在墙上“投射”出如此之多的数字，
这反而对他造成一种限制，
比如他可能会很难找到他所住的宾馆的房间，
如果你告诉他“你的房间号是362”，
English:
square root of a number with 500 digit numbers
in less than a minute his job was
calculator for the CERN in fact at
that time he was better than the
computers so his job was to
calculate and check the
calculations of the CERN’s computers
and this Viem Klein was saying that
if someone was well enough
trained anybody could
do it because those people are
extraordinarily trained and in fact
that’s all the paradox he is
not an idiot savant I hate this
term idiot savant but it’s
absolutely not the case here he is someone
extraordinarily trained in Viem
Klein’s case I’m going to give more
details he was born with the desire of
spatializing the numbers according to Viem
Klein numbers are in the space
that is if he had entered the
room he would have started
to project decimals of PI on the
walls in his head
to the point that he had problems
Viem Klein because his brain
was projecting so many numbers on
the walls that he was almost ending
up seeing them that is
he could barely find
his hotel room because if someone
Chinese:
而在他眼前，到处都是数字，
这造成他必须走到房门前，
才能确认他看到的“362”是真正的房门号，而不是他大脑投射在墙上的数字。
我说的这些是否会让你们觉得，自己的大脑越来越不行了？
其实不是这样的。如果说绝大部分的人不能算出100位数的13次方根，
这不是因为大脑不能，
那是因为没有这个需求，
是因为这一能力在进化过程中从来就不是生存之绝对必要。
不能因为我们达不到计算师的能力，
就错误地认为，我们的大脑变弱了，
我们的智力减退了。
事实上，很多人缩小了智力的定义。
有一件很有趣的事是，
已有研究团队对人工智能系统进行了智商测试，
但这很糟糕，真的很糟糕。
智商测试是一种很有趣的测量工具，
我们不能说它是一种反科学的方法，
可是做为一种值得关注的测量方法，
它还远未达到全面性，
远不能代表人类的智慧。
English:
said to him it’s room 362 he was
seeing numbers everywhere so he had
to get close to the door to check
which one was the real 362 of the
room and which ones were simply
projected by his habit to project
numbers into the space all of that
to show you that in fact the brain is well
constructed if it doesn’t know how to calculate
the 13th square root of a number with a 100 digit numbers
it’s the case for most people it’s because
it doesn’t need it
if it had needed it it would have done it
but it doesn’t need it
there was no situation in
the human adventure when it was
useful to save lives that’s why our
brain is the way it is it
would be wrong to believe that our brain
is weak because it doesn’t know how to do
what a calculator does in fact and
many people are reducing
the intelligence to that so there’s
something I like a lot it’s that
today the artificial intelligences
can pass
IQ tests
it hurts it hurts so bad because
IQ is an interesting standard
we can’t say that it’s a pseudo
scientific standard it’s not the case
it’s an interesting standard that is far from
being complete that is far from
being perfect and from representing
Chinese:
智商作为认知尺度是有用的，
其实，最初也是为了这个原因而设计它的，
为了检查大脑受伤的病人，
评估他们的认知能力，
我们需要一种既可重复操作的又足够简单的测试方法，
这才有了这种测试。
可自从有了人工智能，
而且我们还对工智能系统进行了智商测试以后。
摆在我们面前有两条路：
要么承认我们的大脑已经没有用武之地了，
因为机器人已和我们一样聪明；
要么我们说大脑和人工智能的关系，
就好像手和手影的关系，
手影能反映手能做的事情，
这是真的，
但我们手能做的事情，
却不能都从手影里观察到。
好，现在来看看智慧这个概念，
科学家们对加姆很感兴趣，
吕迪格尔·加姆是德国著名的记忆术及脑力训练专家，
他能通过心算将素数除到小数点后第六十位。
科学家们使用断层扫描技术，
对他的大脑和其他“正常人的大脑”分别扫描，
这是电脑断层扫描结果。
我说一下扫描的原理：
向人体注射能发射正电子的显像剂，
一种脱氧葡萄糖，
大脑的活跃部位，即糖消耗量高的部位，
English:
the human intelligence but that is useful
for example to check a certain level of
cognitive loss in strokes it’s one of
IQ’s first roles in history
to check when someone had
a trauma if he/she have had
cognitive loss or not and it allowed
to have a reproducible standard quite
simple but from the time when
an artificial intelligence can
pass IQ tests we have 2
that it’s over because
solutions we can either say
the robot is now as
clever as we are or we can say that the IQ
is to the brain what the shadow is to
the hand the shadow of my hand can teach you
many things about my hand
it’s true but it’s not my hand
many things are not taken
into account let’s reflect
on this notion of intelligence there’re
researchers in Caen that compared
a prodigy calculator
named rüdigergam that calculates
divisions of primary numbers
until the 60th decimal in his head
and they put in imagining and
compared it to quotes normal people
so here you can see the
result it’s a tomography with
positrons emissions that calculates
the sugar consumption to simplify
it calculates the sugar consumption
English:
in comparison of different brain’s
areas and in red you have
rüdigergam
in red you only have
the brain’s areas that are mobilized
by rüdigergam for its mental calculations
and only by him and in red and green
I mean in green sorry you have the ones
that are mobilized by it and the others
that is you put 30 peoples in
imagining and ask them to calculate
in their head like six by seven and so
on not too much by heart
calculations not by heart like 12 by 13
things like that and then you observe the
area of their brain that activates on
average the area of the brain that
activates on average for rüdigergam
and in red you highlight the difference and
it’s very interesting because what the
researchers discovered that
rüdigergam uses its
spatial memory to count
we’ve been knowing it for some times
because the neuron in fact isn’t there
for language in the evolution the
neuron is here for movement in the
evolution it appears for
movement
at the very beginning it appears
in the corals’ ancestors to throw
Chinese:
会有“发光”的迹象。
你们看到的红色部分，
就是加姆的大脑在心算处于活跃的部位，
明确地说，只有加姆的大脑在心算时才会使用到这些部位，
而绿色的部分，就是加姆和所有其他人都使用的部分，
就好比，如果你让三十个人去扫描室，
要求他们做心算，
不需要做复杂的计算，
做做6乘以7之类的，
再做做12乘以13之类的，
然后将他们的大脑被激活的部位与加姆的做比较，
显示为红色的部分就是不相同的地方。
这是非常有趣的，
因为研究人员发现，
加姆运用了他的记忆空间来帮助心算。
我们已经知道，神经元的起源并不是为了拥有语言功能，
它首先是为运动服务的。
原始的刺胞动物（如珊瑚）就是使用神经元来发射毒液的，
Chinese:
然后就是水母，
水母的肌肉收缩运动就是由神经元控制的，
通过喷水推进的方法使自己向相反的方向游动，
它的运动方式被认为是地球上能量利用率最高的方式之一。
这就是神经元的用处，
它不是为了说话，不是为了思考，
它是为运动服务的。
就是这样！
再接着，神经元数量逐渐增加，
现在人类大脑中约有860亿个神经元，
每个神经元会和别的神经元形成大约1000个突触，
这样就会有10的19次幂以上个突触（约125万亿），
于是在进化过程中，
我们开始使用部分神经元做其他的事情。
事实上，在这个例子里，
看这里，这是小脑，
它的主要功能是，
控制行走，跳舞等身体姿势，
比如，在花样游泳时，
要使动作和音乐节奏合拍。
加姆主要使用小脑做数学计算，
并同时使用前额叶区，
English:
poisoned stingers first known neuron
in the evolution is this one
it’s a thing that serves to throw poisoned
stingers and then it’s in medusas
and it serves to coordinate a propulsive
movement that is in fact the movement
effective propulsion movement
energetically on earth medusas’
movement and a neuron is useful
for that it’s not for speaking it’s not for
thinking it’s for moving
that’s it and later slowly
our brain that has many
neurons 86 billiards and in
synapses even more obviously it’s
hundreds and hundreds of trillions
well quickly our brain is going
to recruit neurons that are here for
movement to do other things and in fact
we can observe for example here and there
what you can see here is the
cerebellum the cerebellum is a bit
like the brain’s graphic map we use
it to walk dance to adopt a
posture in general but most of all
when we try to coordinate
like dancing synchronised swimming
and it uses the cerebellum
to do maths
Chinese:
前额叶区的功能是记忆，
加姆的能力是运算能力与记忆能力完美结合的体现，
真的很有意思。
嗯，我这里有瓶水，
它有一定的重量。
假设它代表一个数学问题，
嗯，这个瓶有一定的重量，
而这只手代表你的大脑。
显然我们没有能力像加姆那样，
能用心算将素数除到小数点后第六十位。
因为你，我，我们就好像是用小手指提瓶子，
570
00:28:25,100 --> 00:28:26,380
就像这样，但这不是正确的方法。
看到我这样做，你会对我说，
你的姿势不对，
用这个姿势提瓶子浪费力气。
我们能看见我们的手，
但我们看不见我们运行中的大脑，
打这个比方，是为了思考我们运用大脑的方式。
因为我们看不见我们运行中的大脑，
所以无法判断我们是否很好地利用了我们的大脑，
是否符合神经工效学原理，
是否充分发挥了大脑的潜能？
我可以回答，一般来说不是的。
因为就手的神经工效学来说，
它等待了几万年，
人的双手是在劳动中演化的。
古人类学家们研究原始人的生活，
研究他们打磨燧石制造工具的过程，
English:
among others and then it is going
to uses his systems prefrontal
linked to episodic
memory this is really
interesting because someone left me
a bottle
let’s imagine that this is a math
problem it has a certain weight
it’s a certain congestion this is
a math problem and this is your
brain
well you and I the problem of
dividing 2 primary numbers till the 60th
decimals you and I we’re going to catch
it this way it isn’t the right way of
doing it and again you’re going to say
thanks for coming Idriss because
we can see with the hand in fact
because we can see our hand but
we can’t see our brain I’m giving you
knowledge right now
and you can’t see
how your brain is catching it
your brain is catching it but you can’t
know if it’s ergonomic and I can even
tell you that in general it isn’t
because the cerebral ergonomy
it took years and years to manual
ergonomy
the paleoanthropologist are looking
at the evolution the way they cut
the silex and the way they catch the
rock to cut the silex well without
English:
cutting their hand
the ergonomy isn’t obvious it took
years and years to understand
the hand ergonomy
the brain ergonomy is also a
challenge today because we the
humans have a chimpanzee brain
more or less that is
we mainly see the world as tangible the
tangible world
our brain doesn’t have to do anything
to see it because our brain
has evolved for the tangible world
why because it’s the tangible
world we can eat or it can eat
us so in the neuron’s
evolution it’s practical it’s moving
it’s to escape it’s to
see it’s to bite it’s to
eat or avoid being eaten
the intangible the immaterial our brain
is capable or imagining it but it
requires a systematic effort
the immaterial requires an effort and that’s
why in Singapore for example they
have some of the best math teaching
techniques in the world because
they’re achieving maths
they’re making it more practical
more tangible and more sensuous and
obviously we’re then capable of doing
abstract but it requires
some efforts this is why an abstract work
of art is more boring to watch
than a figurative work
Chinese:
拿取石头的方式，
以及如何做到在击断石头时不伤到手，等等……
在人手经过几万年的进化后，
才开始有了现在的关于手的人体工效学的研究，
大脑的人体工效学也是我们今天需要挑战的问题。
事实上，我们人类的大脑和黑猩猩相差无几，
即我们所能看见的，主要是有形世界。
对于有形的世界，
我们的大脑无需做任何努力就可以看见，
因为我们的大脑本来就是为有形世界而进化的。
为什么呢？
是为了让我们可以看见可吃的东西或看见会吃我们的东西。
大脑神经元的功能是具体的：
为了运动，为了逃跑，
为了感知，为了咬食，
或为了避免被咬食。
对于无形的，非物质的东西，
我们的大脑能够想象它，
但需要做出一定的努力，一贯如此。
以新加坡的数学教学为例，
新加坡的数学教育在亚洲一直保持领先水准，
教材质量在国际上也倍受推崇，
这是因为他们将数学具体化，有形化，感性化，
用图形代替抽象的数字和问题，
让孩子直观地理解数学概念、算式。
当然，我们能做抽象思维，
但需要做出一定的努力。
Chinese:
这就是为什么，
我们很容易欣赏具像艺术，
却很难理解抽象艺术，
因为具像艺术有形象，是具体的，
我们大脑能直接感知，
而抽象艺术不然。
在神经科学里，有一条绝对的规则：
所有费脑力的，都是不受大众欢迎的；
所有毫不费脑的，都是受大众喜爱的。
我留给你们自己去考虑这个规则，
它可能会给政策制定造成什么后果。
它可以使你很容易出售你的“商品”，
比如希特勒，在30年代时，
就成功卖出“国家困难是犹太人造成的”这个故事，
因为它简单，是一个好故事。
大脑喜欢下意识的想法，
如果大脑不得不在容易和真相之间做选择，
它常常选择容易。
让我们回到瓶子来。类比大脑的使用方式，
呃，加姆是这样拿的，利用了整个手掌，
而我们只用小手指。
看着我的小手指，
这个小手指代表“工作记忆”，
工作记忆相当于我们大脑里的便利贴，
不是为了长期保留信息。
如果在课堂上问：
“你还记得15秒前我说过的话吗？”
这不是一个聪明的问题，
English:
of art
because the figurative is concrete
it’s direct our brain perceives it
abstraction requires an effort
and the absolute rule in
neurosciences is that anything
which requires an effort is unpopular
everything that requires an effort
anything that requires no effort
is popular I let
you think of the political consequences
consequences of this rule which means
915
00:30:20,460 --> 00:30:23,219
that you can sell when you are
Hitler in the 30’s you can sell
that all the problems boil down
finally to the Jews
it’s because it’s very simple to imagine
there’s no effort to make
it’s simple it’s a narration which works
and when our brain has to choose
between a simple fake narration
and a complicated true narration
it generally chooses
the fake simple narration and if
we get down to the bottle
well Rüdigergam catches it
like that meaning that what I showed
in reality my little finger
represents what we call the work
memory in your brain the working
933
00:30:48,869 --> 00:30:51,299
memory
is the brain’s sticky note it is saturated after
15 seconds, this is what I said
seconds
this is why it is
Chinese:
因为工作记忆只能维持很短的时间，
约15秒。
我们还有其它种类的记忆，
如：空间记忆，
它帮我们记住我们把车停在哪里了。
情节记忆，
它能让我回想起早上吃了什么。
程序记忆，
它能让我们知道如何打领带，如何走路，
如何骑自行车……
这三种记忆，空间记忆，情节记忆和程序记忆，
它们很稳定。
我们还可以加入味觉记忆，
而它可能是一切记忆里最稳定的，
它甚至能抵抗阿尔茨海默氏症。
人就是动用这些记忆来做心算的。
嗯，这次讲座的标题是
《怎样解放和煅炼你的大脑？》。
回答是这样的，
我们的大脑不是肌肉，它不能像肌肉那样锻炼。
当我们锻炼肌肉，
肌肉会越练越大，
之所以能这样，是因为我们不是昆虫。
我们有肌肉和内骨骼，
肌肉固定在内骨骼外面，
昆虫却相反，昆虫有外壳，
它们的肉长在外壳里，
正因如此，昆虫需要蜕皮，
English:
stupid to ask this question in class
because the memory works
saturates very quickly it isn’t there to
do long-term retention
we’ve got other memories we have
the spatial memory that we use to know
where we parked our car the
the episodic memory we use to know
what we ate in the morning the processing
memory we use to do a
948
00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:20,130
a knot’s tie or to walk or
to ride a bicycle and these 3 spatial
episodical processing memories have a
a very good stability
we could add the smell and taste memory
which is maybe the most stable of all
and which resists even to Alzheimer
actually people have a tendency
to mobilize these memories
to do their mental calculation
the public title of this lecture
was how to muscle one’s brain well
the answer is that the brain is not a muscle
which can be muscled
and why? Because all our muscles
when we train them get bigger
because we are not
insects
we’ve got an endoskeleton our muscles are
on the skeleton
whereas for insects they’re inside
the skeleton and that’s why
the insects moult because after
a while their skeleton is too small
well we have an endoskeleton so
English:
when we train our
muscles they get bigger
but our brain is in a skull
it can’t get bigger so when
we train it well it reorganizes itself
but it has to work at a
constant mass whereas the muscle
doesn’t work at a constant mass
when we train it the brain does
it almost works at a constant mass
there’s a bit of neurogenic for the
adults but we also loose neurons
let’s say they work at a constant mass
so it’s mainly the software that
changes and clearly I can tell you
that Alexis Lemaire doesn’t work
with windows so how is it
interesting to develop all of
Chinese:
因为外壳使昆虫的生长受到限制。
我们有肌肉和内骨骼，
当我们训练肌肉时，
肌肉会膨胀，
但我们的大脑长在颅骨里，
它不能膨胀。
当我们训练它，它会重组自己，
但需要它不断地做海量的工作。
我们的大脑能持续不断地做海量的工作，
肌肉却做不到。
虽然随着年龄增长，新生神经元逐渐减少，
通常成年后神经元就基本无法再生，
但最新研究表示成年人也会有新生神经元。
无论如何，大脑能一直不停地做大量的工作，
所以，我们需要的是换“软件”（使用方法）。
就好比说，亚历克西跟我们的“计算机硬件”一样，
但“操作系统”不同——他使用的不是视窗系统。
为什么要发展这些呢？
Chinese:
【乔布斯的访谈视频】
嗯，我在这里放这段视频，
不代表我赞同所有他做的事和所有他说的话。
不过我很同意他刚才说的那些话。
你不需要对别人完全赞同或完全否定，
只需要理智地思考。
你可以去听听亨利·吉伊曼谈伏尔泰，
他谈到伏尔泰时分为三个部份：
第一部份，伏尔泰是个坏人；
第二部份，伏尔泰不是坏人；
English:
that
I’m quoting Steve
Jobs but it doesn’t mean that
I’m defending what he has done
or said but you’ll
immediately detect someone who is
intellectually immature if he
says that he disagrees with a thinker
because he heard he said that
or that if you take for example
Voltaire’s case it’s horrible
I encourage you to watch
Henry Guillemin’s conferences
and when he talks about Voltaire
part 1 Voltaire is a bastard part 2
Chinese:
第三部份，伏尔泰究竟是谁。
对我来说，每个思想家都是一个果实，
每个果实里都有籽。
我第一，乔布斯第一，
皮埃尔·哈比第一，
随你们怎么认为。
每个思想家都是一个果实，
每个人有不同的烹饪方法。
有人做果酱时不放果皮，
有人喜欢含有果皮，
但在前面的视频里，
乔布斯所说的非常有意思。
乔布斯的述说，
冷静而合理，
他在说“热爱”。
他说的是：“如果你不热爱你正在做的事，
你会放弃。”
想像你正准备开展一个计划，
可能是有关企业创新的，
可能是有关政治的，
也可能是有关科学的，
随便你想像一个，
如果你不热爱它，当它变得很困难时，
你会放弃它。
乔布斯说的是当你热爱它，
你会变得不屈不挠，战胜一切。
我说到过生产率和快乐，
也说过，不应该在两者间做选择。
English:
Voltaire isn’t a bastard and
part 3 who is Voltaire and in fact
according to me each thinker is a fruit
each thinker is a fruit there’re
seeds inside including me steve jobs
pierre rabhi anyone you
want each thinker is a
fruit and you simply need to cook your
own opinion you can take out the skin
the seeds or leave them it’s as
you want but what steve jobs
just said is very
interesting it’s very
interesting because it’s cold and
rational it deals with love
that is he is saying
if you don’t love what
you’re doing you’re going to give up if
you don’t love what you’re doing
if you’re not if you’re working
on a project it might be
associative
entrepreneurial political scientific
whatever you want well if you don’t
like it when it will become a bit too hard
you’re going to give up
and that’s what they’re really saying
and if you really like it you’ll hold
on way more than
the adversity and that’s really cold
that is the only subject of my conference
English:
is to tell you that to produce or to flourish
you don’t need to choose it’s a lie
to say that you’ve got the choice between
producing or flourishing edgar morin
for example said it’s a
beautiful observation he said
the first thing I learned in our
educative system is to
resign myself to boredom and it’s not
a fatality
that is we don’t have to
suffer to be good at something to be
productive
it doesn’t mean we won’t make any effort
but effort and pain are
two different things if for example
you want someone to burn a
maximum of calories well make him
play football but don’t make him
run around the field
if you do that he is
going to stop and won’t come back
next time except if you’re on his
back if you make him play football
he might come back on his own
like a grown up and burns even more
calories he will make even more
efforts but he won’t perceive it as
something annoying or painful
so lets see this notion of
perseverance when we like what we’re doing
that’s a good example it’s the
story of airbnb but why
Chinese:
如果有人说我们能在生产率和快乐间做选择，
这是一个谎话。
埃德加莫兰，一位优秀的思想家，
例如，他说过，
我在我们的教育体系里学到的第一件事，
就是不要去学自己不喜欢的东西，
这不是天命，
也就是说，
我们没有必要为了有好成绩而承受痛苦。
这不是提倡我们不去努力，
而是需要我们明白，努力和痛苦是两码事。
打个比方，
如果某人想最大程度地消耗体能，
可以让他去踢足球，
而不是要求他在空地上转圈子。
如果你要求他在空地上不停地转圈。
他会停下来，除非你逼他，他不会回来。
如果你让他踢足球，
他可能会自己再来，
这样消耗的卡路里可能更多，
虽然他付出更多的体力，
可是他却不会觉得很痛苦。
让我们来看看这个概念：
“当我们热爱我们所做的事情时，我们会坚持不懈。”
【图片 早餐麦片】
爱彼迎网站（英语：Airbnb）的故事，
是一个非常好的例子。
为什么它的名字里有“空气（air）”这个词？
English:
is there air in airbnb according to
you yes
well yes it’s completely true that
is at the beginning airbnb was made of
design students who san
Francisco is an obscene city in
terms of real estate prices it’s the most
expensive city in the US and so
some people thought we’re going to
sublet our living room we’re going to
sublet an air mattress in the living room
an air bed and because we’re not animals
we will share our breakfast so we’re
going to do air bed and breakfast and
that’s the concept air bed and
breakfast so it works between buddies
but as soon as they asked
bankers a loan it didn’t work
anymore I mean they meet an
investor and say we’ve got a great
idea strangers are going to live at
your place well the investor live
in a penthouse with a different
key for the elevator he doesn’t
really see how he’s going to let it to a
stranger so this project doesn’t
have credibility it doesn’t work
it’s ridiculous so they go into debts
don’t have anymore money they’re close
to go bankrupt and just before
declaring bankruptcy they decide
to do a last stand and to print
Chinese:
你们是怎么想的？
【听众回答】
说对了。真是这样的。
两位创始人是在大学学设计时认识的，
为了一起创业，他们搬到圣弗朗西斯科（即旧金山）。
圣弗朗西斯科的房价格很高，
是美国房价最贵的城市。
于是他们想到在自己公寓里摆上几张气垫床，
出租给旅行者们，
并且提供早餐。
“气垫床+早餐”（AirBed & Breakfast），
这就是Airbnb的概念。
初创时，公司运作良好。
当他们想扩大公司，
想向银行贷款时，
遇到了问题。
于是他们去找人投资，
进展很不好，
因为人们不能理解，
为什么会有人愿意让一个陌生人住到自己家。
这个计划的可靠性在哪里？
这简直可笑，
是行不通的。
筹措资金失败后，
为了能够维持公司，
他们思忖，
既然用AirBed这个点子筹不到钱，
Chinese:
那就先用Breakfast来赚钱。
于是，搞设计的他们创作了早餐燕麦特别版本，
图片里的是0.8 X 1米的纪念版本。
真正的版本相当于一台自动售货机那样大，
里面放的是30克一袋的小包装。
他们以每款40美元的价格出售。
在美国就是这样，
他们就那样卖。
最终，他们卖掉800盒，
虽然不能完全解决资金问题，
但这让他们有了信心。
他们继续带着“让一个陌生人住到自己家”这个点子，
寻找投资者。
最后一次是这样的：
“如果你们没有其它的点子，
那你们可以走了，
门就在那里。”
“不是的，我们还有其它的点子。
我们做了麦片盒”
“哦？我好像听说过，
你们卖掉多少啊？”
“我们卖掉800盒，先生。”
“了不起，孩子们，你们赚到一千美元对吧。”
“不，不，我们赚到三万二千美元。”
如果说投资者会做什么，
那就是他们会做算术。
“什么? 40美元一盒，
你们在开玩笑吧。"
“绝对是真的，给你看我们的交易单和税单。”
然后杰比亚不再说什么，
English:
special offers
so we could have done air bed
but as they don’t have money anymore
they decide to do breakfast and so
they print cereal boxes
these are the commemorative boxes
they are 80 cm, 1 meter high
but the original were as big as
a small box from a vending machine
with 30g of cereals inside
and they sell them 40$ apiece
you cannot explain this we are
in the USA so this is going to work
they will sell 800 of them but
it is not going to pay back their mortgage
I mean the debt on their credit cards
but it’s going to bring back their confidence
so they go to meet their
investors we’ve got a great idea
strangers are going to sleep at your house
the answer was if you’ve got nothing
more solid to offer the door
is this way
we have got other arguments
you remember these cereal boxes
I heard about it in the San Francisco Chronicle
how many did you sell
800 sir 800 that makes 1000$
right no no we earned
32000$
if there’s one thing the investor knows it is
how to calculate
and you sold them 40$ each
you’re pulling my leg no no
it’s true have a look at the order forms
Chinese:
只是把盒子放在桌子上，
对方看着，沉默着，
足有一分钟后，然后打开支票簿，
同时说了具有历史性意义的话：
“听着，关于你们的项目，
我马上就能回答，
我不相信，完全不相信，
但是如果你告诉我，
你有本事把2.5美元一盒的麦片，
以40美元一盒卖出，
我肯定投资你。”
这位投资人说，
在生活里，你必须能够成为“谷物早餐企业家"，
因为这样的企业家，富有韧性和创意，
为了能继续发展他的计划，
不惜做任何事，
哪怕要去打印谷物早餐盒。
一般来说，
通常会有很多项目摆在投资人面前，
它们各有各的优势，
并不是看上去最好的那个项目，
一定会赢得青睐。
“谷物早餐企业家"与
硅谷企业家不同，
硅谷企业家们大部分是从哈佛大学出来的，
他们就不会那样，
他们读哈佛不是为了打印谷物早餐盒。
所以，一旦事情变得困难，
到了一定的时候，他们就不再坚持，
English:
look at the tax receipts and so he
puts the box back says nothing
during at least one minute
then takes his ckeck book out
and utters an historical sentence
listen guys your project
let me tell you straight away
I don’t believe in it but if you say
you are capable of selling
40$ boxes which cost 2,50$
in the vending machine
at my door of course I will
invest and the founders will say
you need to be a cereal entrepreneur
because the cereal entrepreneur
is the guy ready to
print damned cereal boxes
to finance his project
and as a rule it’s true that what makes
this kind of project for an association
an NGO a foundation
a firm or movements the best
profile are not the winners
because for example in the Silicon
Valley this consensus
on the entrepreneur side
the guys from Harvard won’t do that
because they did not go to Harvard
to print cereal
boxes
as soon as it becomes tough
English:
the guys say here’s Google right there
which offers a 150000$ salary
a year why should I bother
and eventually they quit
but if the project is your
baby if truly you are emotionally
bound it’s in your guts
it’s your project and you are not going to
quit in the open countryside because it’s
your project so we see why loving what
1178
00:39:13,970 --> 00:39:19,580
we do may make us more
competitive because that’s the topic
once again flourishing
productivity for example in the knowledge
economy which is my hobby
why loving what to do
makes us more performing
we are transferring knowledge
here I am giving you knowledge
and in exchange what
are you giving me
attention very good and what else
time these are the most
fundamental ressources of human
existence and attention is very
important because if you stay 20 years
in a coma
we can say that you lost those 20 years
20 years in a comma are 20 years lost
essentially so the attention is
Chinese:
反正他们可以去别处就职领高薪，
比如去Google工作，
何必为了某一计划而烦恼呢？
但是，如果你把你的计划视作是你的孩子，
你从内心里对它充满了感情，
你是不会放手的。
这就是说，当我们做我们热爱的事，
我们会变得更有竞争力。
我再次重申我的主题：快乐产生效率。
例如，在经济领域，
“我的大数据”显示，
当我们做我们热爱的事时，
我们会更有效率。
此刻，我正在把知识传授给你们。
相对的，你们给我什么?
注意力。
很好，还有什么?
时间。
对，这是两种人类最基本的资源。
注意力非常重要，
如果你昏迷了20年，
我们可以说，你失去了20年，
自然，昏迷20年等于失去20年。
在我们昏迷时，
我们的注意力是零。
Chinese:
注意力是有价值的，它能卖钱，
甚至能卖很多钱。
如今，“销售注意力”的人
都是超级富有的人。
他们叫做facebook，google，twitter，
还有属于谷歌的youtube。
当今，经销注意力的人，
是手握王牌的人，是最有钱的人。
“每桶注意力”的价格要比“每桶石油”高得多。
正因为卖注意力比卖石油赚得多，
所以才成就了Facebook现在的市值。
哪怕我们最近知道了Facebook
出售数据的丑闻。
使用“注意力”这个词时，英语使用的动词是"支付"——"pay"
(pay me your attention)
而法语使用的动词是"给予"——"donnez"
（donnez moi votre attention）
注意力是有价值，它是需要你支付的。
另外，毫无疑问，
时间也是生命里最珍贵的资源。
当甘地放弃所有的物质享受的时候，
他唯一保留的是他的怀表，
English:
really important in a coma our
attention is at 0 you have to pay for
attention it costs money it even costs
a lot of money people who are selling
attention today are very rich
people
they’re called facebook google twitter
youtube that belongs to google
people who are attention
dealers today are loaded
facebook is worth 5 times
total in stock exchange because the attention
is worth much more than oil
you’re selling attention barrels you’re
richer than when you’re selling
oil barrels otherwise Facebook wouldn’t
be worth it 5 times total in stock exchange
1215
00:40:25,990 --> 00:40:32,410
and you’ve seen recently the scandal of
data selling at facebook and the
Americans are not saying give your
attention
they’re saying pay attention we pay the
attention in English it’s not give me
your attention we say pay me
attention pay me something
because we pay attention and
time is the most precious
resource of our existence there’s
no doubt Gandhi
when he gave up all his
material goods
English:
the only thing he kept is his
watch that’s it he even threw away
the chain he kept a small
cord he kept his 1 dollar Ingersoll
watch as his only material good
that followed him in his
grave and in fact he checked
it just before getting
killed so attention
and time it is
impossible to download
knowledge in your head without
having paid attention and time it
is impossible you can’t download
knowledge in your brain without having
paid attention and time that are the
two sinequanone things to save
a knowledge in your head
so it gives this small equation
very cute
I’m doing a parenthesis people
are so disgusted by math nowadays
that there are some people
1252
00:41:34,750 --> 00:41:37,030
when they’re shown an
equation there’s a part of their
brain that activates and says
don’t even try it so I’m going
to talk about this phenomenon of this
don’t even try it in psychology it’s called
the taught powerlessness we can convince
a child very quickly that he is
bad it’s dramatic but it also
works for the adult but please
delete this app that says
don’t even try it really delete it
Chinese:
他把表链也扔了，改用一根绳系着。
他常看他的表，
那只价值1美元的英格索尔牌怀表。
这是唯一一件陪伴他终生的物质财富。
在被谋杀之前，
他曾最后一次看过时间。
因此，说到注意力和时间，
想不花时间，不花注意力地，
把知识直接印到大脑里，
是不可能的。
你们不可能做到，
不花时间，不花精力地，
就把知识存入脑海。
这二个要素是必不可少的，
它可以籍由这个可爱的方程式来表达。
我插入一句，
现今的人，讨厌数学，
甚至于，当有些人看到方程式时
大脑的某一部份会被激活，
叫他不要去试着解这个方程。
我要和你们谈谈“大脑发出不要去试的指令”这个现象，
心理学术语是“习得性失助”。
我们能够很容易地说服一个孩子，
使他认为自己是个坏孩子。
这很不幸，但就是这样的，这在成人身上也起效，
这和“大脑发出不要去试的指令”的现象是一个道理，
赶走它，不要让它在大脑里扎根。
English:
because in fact it is super
what’s the aim of an equation
remind it to me do you know it
is there someone in the room that
knows why it was invented
because a clue it wasn’t invented to
piss you off in fact but we don’t have time
to learn it at school but what’s
the use of an equation what are the
specifications for an equation in
human history is to squeeze an
expression in as few digits possible
in math history the equation
slowly appears
with only one red line
to reduce the digits number for a
long
sentence for example the sign equal was
invented by a Scottish mathematician that
was just fed up of writing equal to
everyday he was writing lines of
equal to and he was fed up so he just
said I’m going to write two lines that’s it
and the x in the equations was invented
in bagdad during Charles the Great or
Chinese:
回到方程式，它有什么用处？
这个房间里的人，
是否有人知道，方程式为什么被发明？
我给你们一个提示，
并不是为了让你们费神而发明的。
它到底有什么用？
在人类的历史中，
方程式被认为的是用最少的符号去表达一个意思的式子。
在数学史上，方程式的出现是非常缓慢，非常艰难的。
例如，等号的发明，
是一位苏格兰的数学家发明的等号，
他每天要写无数次“est égal à”这些字，
他感到烦透了，
为了避免枯燥地重复“est égal à”，
他就划了两道等长的平等线段来代替，
这就有了等号。
而方程中的未知数“X”，
是在查理曼大帝时代的，8月19号，
或其它日期，随你喜欢，【笑声】
English:
during Iznogoud depending on
your references and Arabians
were just writing x with a letter
they were pronouncing rh and when
Spaniards Latinised this letter
they were pronouncing rh they
replaced it by a letter they themselves
were pronouncing rh the x from mexico
the x is pronounced rh in in andalousia
when they latinized it they replaced it
by a x when Descartes invented
the sign I mean the symbol the notation
sorry square by square x squared and then
x cubed 4 x it was just
because he was fed up of writing too
many x so an equation in the
beginning is only useful for this obviously
when we switch to morse when you switch
to a code you need to decode it
it’s annoying but at least when you
write it you have all the
expression at once this
equation is very simple it just says
that the drawn knowledge the downloaded
knowledge phi of k the flow of
knowledge k is obviously knowledge in
English knowledge meaning knowledge
the drawn knowledge from a well
Chinese:
从巴格达传入欧洲的。
阿拉伯人在表示“（尚未知的）东西”使用的字符是"chay"
而西班牙语中没有这个发音。
于是，西班牙人从古希腊文字母中选取“X”（chi），
这个发音接近的字母来代替这个阿拉伯字符。
后来，笛卡尔发明了指数符号，如X²,X³,X⁴...，
也是因为他烦透了写 “X*X*X*X*X...”
就是这样。
当然，符号在生活中的作用不仅仅是这样，
它可用来写密码，
比如摩尔斯电码，
可是我们必须会解码。这很烦人。
但使用符号的好处是，
你所写的东西一目了然。
这个方程式表示：
“所交换的知识与注意力和时间的乘积成正比"。
Φ 在这里代表流量，
K 是指知识，即英语单词knowledger，
我们从井里汲取的知识，
例如，这口“井”，
Chinese:
我放在中间的那个符号∝，
是正比符号，
我没有放等号，
因为它们两边的量不一样，
只成比例关系。
“At”代表注意力和时间的乘积，
因此，这个方程可以理解为：
你们将从这个讲座里获得的知识，
与你们付出的注意力和时间的乘积成正比。
这个方程不是完美的，
没有加入睡眠时间，
你们知道当我们睡觉时，我们是在巩固。
这在方程里没有体现。
此外，也没有加入经验，
要知道，当我们对一件事已有所了解，
继续学习它时会更容易，
这也没有被标记在这个方程里。
但是它完全适用于这个讲座，
也就是说，在今天结束时，
你将从这个讲座里萃取的知识，
与你付出的注意力和时间的乘积直接成正比。
那么，它会产生什么后果？
首先，为什么我要使用乘积。
为什么我不用加法，如A+T，
我也可以用除法，A/T，
English:
for example that well so the drawn
knowledge from that well is directly
proportional the middle sign only
means proportional
I didn’t write equal because it’s not the same thing
it’s just proportional to the product
of attention and time the quantity of
knowledge you will remember from
this conference is directly
proportional to the attention and
time you will have paid so this equation
is not perfect it does not take
into account sleep you know when you sleep
you consolidate it’s not written here
it’s written nowhere that you consolidate
when you sleep it’s not written
there’s also experience it is not taken
into account in this equation
you know that when you already know
something it’s easier to learn the
next thing it’s not written here but
1338
00:44:36,050 --> 00:44:39,050
it works very well for this lecture
meaning that the sum of
knowledge you are going to draw from
this lecture
at the end of the day is directly
proportional to the product of the tension
and time you will have paid
so what are the consequences
why did I write a product I could have written
a plus on the T I could have
English:
written time T I could have written
power T but why did I write
by T because in maths
the product has a particular
property which is called contagion
of the zero and the contagion of the zero
means exactly this meaning that if
you do a by b by c by d until
z and your letters have a zero
then your product equals zero this is
what I wanted to show as in
real life this is how it goes
you are here listening to me
well if you give me an hour of your
time but during one hour you are
as if listening to Barry White’s music
in your head there will be no
transfer of knowledge
I like this example because
statistically there will necessary be
somebody in the room who is going to
have let the music play
can you feel it is coming
or not this is dirty of me and if
you give me all your attention
you are into it but can only
do it for thirty seconds
1375
00:45:43,520 --> 00:45:46,430
only
well there will be no transfer as well
so we see that we must give both
a by t and we see there food
for thought about school because
at school obviously the only thing
Chinese:
或者用A的T次幂，
因为在数学里，
数字0的性质很特殊，
0乘以任何实数都等于0
也就是说，如果“a乘以b乘以c乘以d ... 乘以z”，
无论有多少个乘数，但只要这些乘数里有一个0，
那乘积将是0
我想说的是，
这个现象同样出现在生活里，
比如，现在你们正在听我的讲座，
假如你给我一个小时，
但在这一个小时里，
你的脑海里回响着Barry White的歌。
那就不会有多少知识进入你的大脑。
我喜欢这个例子，
因为从统计上说，
在这个厅里，在这一个小时里，
将不可避免地会有人这样，
【“Let the music play” （Barry White的歌）】
是不是被我说中了？
如果你全神惯注于我的讲座，
完全沉浸于我讲的内容里，
可惜只有30秒，
哦，你能获得的知识也多不了多少。
由此可见，我们必须同时给予这两者，
A 乘以 T ，（注意力乘以时间）
这使我想到学校，
因为在学校，唯一能够控制的是这个“T”（时间）。
假使你们每周学习三个小时的英语，
English:
you can control this is t you will be
doing three hours of English each week
you will not become bilingual
finally because three hours do not
mean three hours of maximal
attention
yes if school were competitive to
catch one’s attention we would know
it I am not here to attack
school in fact you should know that
school was very competitive
to catch the attention at a time
we have completely forgotten this
why did Ferry create compulsory
public instruction and why does he
write a law
well it’s for the parents because the kids
the pupils wanted to go to
school
if you asked to a countryside kid
if you can choose between wrapping
straw sheaves and listening to
Jules Caesar’s life
the calculation is soon done
the countryside kids wanted to go to
school when the parents said
what do you think is the use
of learning Jules Caesar’s life
to wrap straw sheaves at first
it was the parents who did not want
public compulsory instruction
from a legal point of view
it was to compel the parents to leave
children at school clearly there were
many other stakes it is not the point
to debate on this today but at
first it was really to
compel the parents and some
Chinese:
我们并不能就此成为说双语的人，
因为这三个小时，
并不一定是全神全神贯注的三个小时。
哦，是的，如果学校有吸引注意力的能力，
那可能会达到。
要知道，我不是来批评学校的。
其实，以前，对孩子们来说，
学校其实很吸引人。
为什么茹费理（Jules Ferry）建立了免费、世俗的强迫性小学教育？
为什么制定费里法（Lois Jules Ferry）？
嗯，这是为了父母，
因为那时的孩子们想去学校。
试想，如果乡村的小孩有权
在绑好一捆捆干草与学习恺撒大帝的历史之间做选择，
结果不言而喻——
孩子们想去学校。
但是他们的父母反对子女接受教育：
“为什么要知道凯撒？
这对捆干草有帮助吗？”
因此，要求所有15岁以下儿童必须入学，
首先是为了迫使父母们能让孩子去学校，
当然，还有其它的目的，
但这不是今天的论题。
起初学校的强制性主要是针对父母，
Chinese:
直到父母们感受到了受教育的好处，
如能改变社会地位等，
父母们推着他们的孩子去上学，
于是，以前让父母们讨厌的上学义务变成了孩子们讨厌的义务。
但请记得，学校曾经是很有吸引力的。
等有了出版产业，有收音机，有电视，
互联网，youtube，
社交网络，电子游戏……
就好像一场军备竞赛，
个个都为了捕获注意力。
当然，赢的不会是课程。
想想在50年代，
当你拿起电话听筒，
线的另一端，有一个真实的人，
你拿起电话，不需拨号，
就有电话操作员和你对话，为你服务。
因为在那个时代，对付出注意力，
要求的费用，还不是太昂贵。
可现在，你基本没有可能找到
一个售后服务电话是由服务人员直接接听的。
要想获得人类的可支配注意力，变得越来越难了。
在此同时，各种传播媒体，极尽所能地捕获
所谓的“可自由使用的人脑时间”，
这很可悲，但却是事实。
English:
generations later
the parents have perfectly understood
that it was also a matter of social
promotion and so they said to their
children now go school is now
compulsory for the children not
for the parents why because at the
time school was competitive to
catch attention and in the meantime
there was the written press the radio
the television internet you tube
social media video games there has
been a race to arms to catch
your attention to receive human
attention it’s has become more and more
precious think of the 50’s
you would take your phone and
you had a real person in front
of you you had an operator
you did not need to dial a number
there was a real operator
who talked to you because at the time
giving human attention
was still really possible
and not too expensive but today
only for after-sales service try
to talk to a real human just to test
it has become more and more difficult
to have human attention available for
a problem
meanwhile the media have fought
to try to catch a maximum of shares
of our attention which has been
tragically called human available
English:
brain time unfortunately it is true
and so the good news is that
school could be competitive
it’s just that it did not have to do
it because it was compulsory
it did not to fight to have the
sum of attention it required but
thing is that you can force time
1461
00:48:08,560 --> 00:48:12,220
you cannot force attention
you cannot absolutely even if
you are in Clockwise Orange Stanley
Kubrick with the guy who has
the eyes wide open you cannot force
somebody to give his attention
it is not possible
you can seduce yes it’s possible to
seduce people’s attention this is
possible but forcing their attention
is not possible you cannot rape it
you can just seduce it which
by the way is a good thing
but obvisouly in teaching
this is what should be done if your
money is your purchasing power
in AT so there are many happy
consequences but sorry an AT
is the currency for the economy
of knowledge it is not time it is
an AT meaning one hour with maximum
attention
and beware maximal is very easy to
define this is when you are so
caught up by a book that you miss
your station when you are so caught
up by a book or by a candy crush
game and you miss your
station well you have reached
an equal of 100% attention
and when you are in elevator music
Chinese:
不过也有好消息，那就是学校是有可能取得更多的注意力的，
只是它没有去做。
既然义务教育已成为必须，
就不需要再去争取。
事实是，你可以规定学习的时间，
却不能规定付出多少注意力，
哪怕象斯坦利·库布里克的电影《发条橙》里那样，
用机器扒开眼皮，也做不到。
你可以使用诱惑的手段来获得人们的注意力，
但用武力是做不到的，
你不能强廹，你只能吸引，
幸好是这样，
在教育领域里，我们本应该这样做的。
在知识经济中，如果购买力的单位是“At”（注意力和时间的乘积），
也就是说钱的单位是“At”，
会有哪些结果？
不是时间， 而是“At”。
“1At”即1小时的“全神贯注”。
“全神贯注”可以理解为：
当你专心致志地看一本书，
为此而坐过站时，
当你看一本书或做其它的事，
而错过你的车站时，
你付出的是百分之百的注意力。
如果在你的大脑里回响着音乐，
Chinese:
那你的注意力就是零。
在这两种极端中，存在着其它的各种状态。
当你的注意力是百分之百时，
你处于心理学里说的“Flow”状态。 （心流）
参照这个方程里的 Φ(k)，
知识流处于高流量。
虽然这个方程不是完美无暇的，
但它的美妙之处是，
如果你的购买力单位是At，
在贫穷的国家里，
孩子出生时不拥有财富，
但拥有注意力和可支配的时间。
也就是说，在知识经济里，
所有人生来就具有购买力。
显然，这个购买力，不同于常规商品的购买力。
是的，如果你有一百万欧元，
哪怕银行不营业，你也有一百万欧元。
至少在税务上说，你有这些钱。
对市场经济来说，
有两个独立的因素:
你有多少钱，
商店是否开门。
显然，贫穷国家的孩子缺少机遇，
他们缺少进入“知识商店”的机会，
缺少进入知识市场的机会去使用他们的At，
尽管智能手机的普及使他们有了新的机遇，
English:
mood in your head sorry Barry
well your attention equals zero
and there is a whole spectrum between
the two when your attention equals
100% this is what we call in
psychology the blurry we call it
1498
00:49:07,060 --> 00:49:10,780
the flow and this is a precise reference
to the flow of knowledge in a
position of flow the knowledge comes
high-speed
well on one hand the beauty of this
equation
despite all its imperfections well
if your purchasing power is in
TA
the young Somali wasn’t born
with 1000$ but he was born with
attention and time in the economy
of knowledge well everyone has a
purchasing power at birth
obviously in economy purchasing power
and access to a shop are separated it isn’t
the same thing
if you have 1 million at
the bank and that banks are
closed you have 1 million at the bank
at least for the fisc you have them
so in economy we completely separate
the how much you have in purchasing
power and are the shops
open it’s two different
things
obviously the Somali doesn’t have the same
access to knowledge shops than
us it’s obvious he doesn’t have the
same opportunity can’t take the same
Chinese:
我不会说是平等的机遇，
因为这是不可能的，
但至少给了他们更多的可能，去使用他们的At。
再如，失业者比就业者有更多的At。
因为比起就业者，
失业者有相对多的供个人消费的At，
除非就业者混淆了他的“个人At帐户”和“公司At帐户”。
这是什么意思呢？
这是指他把本来需要使用个人时间学习的内容，
放在工作时间里学。
现在，这样的做法受到越来越多的鼓励。
为什么呢？
因为我们意识到，这样做是很有成效的。
对我来说，知识经济最令人愉快的地方是，
在怎样的条件下，能最大化一个人的At。
当你把所有的时间全心全意地，奉献给一个人时，
我们称这种现象为什么？
爱。
当你爱一个人时，
English:
path to get access to spend his TA
but the arrival of smartphones
in Africa starts slowly to I
won’t say equalize the opportunities
it would be wrong but to give
more opportunities to spent his TA
in constructive things
1535
00:50:09,830 --> 00:50:14,400
finally the unemployed has more
purchasing power than the employed because the
unemployed has a quantity of TA
for his personal consumption
superiors to the employed except if the
employed confuses his personal
accountancy and his professional
accountancy in TA
what does it mean to confuse one’s
personal accountancy and
professional accountancy in TA
it means learn at your workplace
something you would have wanted
to learn during your free time
and that’s more and more encouraged
because we realize that
It’s efficient to do that obviously
according to me the prettiest dimension of
the knowledge economy it’s the
condition to what we maximise our
purchasing power
how do we how is it called
when we give all our attention and
time to someone how do we call
this phenomenon
love when we love someone it is
very easy to spend your TA
Chinese:
你能很容易地为他(她)而使用你的At。
我们爱我们的孩子，
所以，我们很容易为他们使用自己的At，
在学习上也一样，
如果你喜欢数学的话，
你也会很容易把At支配给它，
如果你讨厌它，就很不容易做到。
这意味着，知识经济必然使爱恋者的购买力最大化，
它是一种热爱的经济。
这并不是我的发现，
达芬奇早就指出过这一点，
在他的《大西洋古抄本》里写得很清楚，
“没有热爱就不会卓越”。
如果你想又快又好地学一样东西，
试着去爱它。
通常我们会感到，这是在浪费时间，
还有其它很多事等着我们去做，我们没有时间。
但是，如果你能去爱它，享受为它所花的时间，
这将非常值得，
因为，在接下来的几个月你将学习得更快更多。
是的，如果你有5个小时，且你热爱它，
你就有5At。
如果你有5小时，你不热爱它，
你最多1At，
因为你的平均注意力只有百分之二十，
English:
for this person
we love our children it’s easy
to give them TA well it’s the same
for a discipline if you love
something if you love math
it’s very easy to give it TA
if you hate it it’s more complicated
it means that the knowledge
economy literally maximise the
lovers purchasing power
1572
00:51:17,479 --> 00:51:22,170
normally here I have to throw the mic
and leave I didn’t discovered it it’s
Leonard Da Vinci
before him Aristophane but
Da Vinci clearly wrote
in the Atlanticus Codex if you
want to learn something efficiently
treat yourself to the luxury he really
used the word luxury to try and like
it luxury because you’ll have the
impression of losing time
I don’t have time I have to
deliver someone tomorrow I have to
fill this form yes but if you have
the luxury of finding the time to love
it’s worth it because during the
next months you’ll learn
faster and much
longer
yes if you have 5 hours and you
like it you have 5 TA if you have 5
hours and don’t like you might
have on TA because your attention
Chinese:
而当你热爱它时，你的注意力能达到百分之百。
这就是我说的知识经济最大化，
等同于热爱的程度，
能使我们工作起来更有效率。
在各种结果中，主要的不同是苦差或是热爱，
当我们做喜欢的事时，
进入的门槛很低，
退出的门槛很高。
做苦差的情况正相反。
举例来说，如果你回家时已经很疲劳，
但你有一件事要做，
有两种可能的情况：
如果要做的事是你热爱的事，
你一回到家，马上就会去做。
即进入的门槛很低，
事实上我们甚至可以说几乎没有，
甚至呈成负数，
它意味着，
你在回家之前就已经开始考虑它了。
然后，你投入工作，
听到电话铃声，
有时你也不去接，
这意味着退出的门槛很高。
这就是热爱，是激情。
现在来说苦差，
English:
will roughly average 20% so
if you like it your attention will be
at 100% during the 5 hours
so yes mathematically the knowledge
economy maximise the lovers
purchasing power and here we can see
why the love of one’s job makes one more competitive
to use the term
so there are many consequences we could
see to this but it is above all the
difference between a chore and a
passion actually a passion is a
very weak entrance barrier and a
very strong exit barrier whereas
1609
00:52:23,190 --> 00:52:26,279
it is the contrary with a chore
in other words if you come back home
and you are exhausted you’ve got something
to do
well there are two possible versions
to make it simple either it is
a passion and you are going to do it
straight away as soon as you are home
you are going to do it
the entrance barrier is thus very
weak actually we can even say that
the entrance barrier is negative so
low it is because it means
you started thinking about it before
even being back home so the
entrance barrier is negative because
it is so low and then you’re doing your thing
you are into it
when the telephone rings but
you don’t take the call because it is a
a passion so the exit barrier is very
high to distract you is going to
be very tough
English:
this is passion now for the chore
well the chore you get back home
you are exhausted but you don’t feel
like doing it you will need an effort
to start doing it
so a high entrance barrier the effort
is necessary and then once you have
started the telephone starts
ringing and you stop suddenly
exit barrier very weak and this is
the difference between a passion and a
a chore and here we can see immediately
why passion is more productive
than a chore and this is what
1646
00:53:22,710 --> 00:53:27,150
this equation stands for
I use my heart to get into my head
the knowledge in my brain
I use the fact I love it the passion
to get the knowledge into
my brain so obviously just below
love there is addiction
yes addiction because all love is addictive
but all addiction is not necessarily
love I will leave you ponder on this
for five minutes and so there are
technologies there are media which are
great at catching the TA and there
are media which are sponges for TA
and these media are the games
and not only video games
Chinese:
同样，你回家时已感到很累，
你要做的事并不是你喜欢的，
必须付出努力，
勉强自己去做，
这就是说进入的门槛高。
然后，当你听到电话铃响，
你马上就会停下来，
那就是退出的门槛低。
这就是苦差和热爱之间的区别。
一目了然，
热爱更有成效。
这个方程表达的意思是，
如果你想使自己在某个主题上的知识流量最大化，
那么尽量热爱这一主题，
用“心”把知识带入大脑。
在爱的状态里，
存在着另一种状态——“上瘾”，
所有的爱都具有成瘾性，
然而具有成瘾性的不一定是爱。
于是，新技术和媒体能捕获我们的At，
真的很厉害。
有些媒体，特别是游戏，就好似“At海绵”
游戏不仅仅指电子游戏。
自古以来，游戏就是“At海绵”，
古代奥林匹克运动会是和平的象征，
当时，人们约定在奥运会举行期间，
Chinese:
各城邦互不交战。
聚集到奥林匹亚的各城邦的人，
罗马的人，
雅典的人，
斯巴达的人，
尽管在其它时间里，
他们常互相交战，
但在奥林匹亚举行运动会的期间，
全体休战，
大家一起观看竞技。
如今，当TF1（法国电视一台）想卖出广告时，
不会插播在中学教学节目里，
而是在游戏节目里，
如电视综艺节目，足球比赛。
我们都知道，
世界杯足决赛获得的At，
比全世界大学十年的At还要多。
这就是基利安·姆巴佩赚钱比我多的原因。
（Kylian Mbappé 法国足球明星）
【笑声】
同样的，对于建筑师，市长或镇长来说，
他们可能会拆资建造一个1万人，
2万人甚至8万人的体育场，
但不会去建造一个8万人的圆形剧场，
English:
it’s known since Antique times
that games are TA sponges when the
Greeks wanted peace they organised
Olympic Games everybody watched
and Thebes came Athens came
Sparta came they were three cities
which spent their time fighting the
rest of the year but there was the
Olympic truce
they watched the Games they did not
fight the Romans the Romans when they
wanted peace they organised the
circus games
everybody watched and there was
peace and still today when TF1
wants to sell an ad we agree that
they don’t offer a lecture at the
French Academy they offer games
either television games or football
we agree that a world championship
final is going to catch
1683
00:54:31,230 --> 00:54:35,880
much more TA in one instance than
the whole university world in ten years
and this is why Neymar is much
more paid than me
don’t laugh it’s not supposed to be funny
actually we agree that for an
architect or for the mayor of a
town or for a chairman of
local council community it makes sense
to build a stadium for 10 20 until 80
000 persons but you will never see
a 80000 persons auditorium
English:
because to spread the cost of a
80 000 people stadium it takes 5 years
to spread the cost of a 80000 people
auditorium it’s harder it doesn’t
mean it’s impossible today
we’ve got MOOC with on line classes
well we start to welcome TA in
big quantities on curves but it
stays lower to football because
games are great to capture
attention and time why because
games are very neuro ergonomic
and I’ll be back on that
so for example I’ve got two questions
to ask you on that we’ll start
with the most special the most
technical
you know that in china there’s a
university that trains professional
players it’s called Lanxiang
institute of technology it’s a
state university and this state
university trains professional players
that’s what we call electronic
sports the E sport Korea have a
1720
00:55:54,059 --> 00:55:57,990
state secretary a state
secretary for e sports there are
Chinese:
因为摊销体育场的承建费用只需5年，
摊销圆形剧场，那可就费劲了，
尽管这不是不可能。
再以慕课（MOOC）为例，
这种大规模开放在线课程，
正在获取越来越多的At，
虽然暂时还不如足球，
毕竟，游戏捕获注意力和时间的能力是令人生畏的，
这是因为人们在消遣时，人类工效学的效果达到最佳状态。
稍后我会详说。
现在，有两个需要思考的问题，
先说比较特殊性和技术性的，
在中国，蓝翔技师学院
在2017年开设了电子竞技专业，
培养专业的电竞职业选手。
该专业属于体育类，
早在2003年，电子竞技就经中国国家体育总局批准，
成为体育运动项目。
在韩国，建立了韩国职业电子竞技协会（KeSPA），
负责举办电子竞技。
2000年创办世界电子竞技大赛，
Chinese:
该赛事照搬奥林匹克运动会的模式，
参赛基本单元是国家。
你们能想像，《星际争霸II》或《刀塔2》冠军队的收入是多少吗？
他们能靠电竞能养活自己吗？
事实上，他们不但可以养活自己，
还可以在比斯卡罗斯（法国朗德省的一个市镇）购买几幢海滨别墅。
我不确定最新的数字是多少，
我知道，在2014年，
韩国选手在《星际争霸II》或《刀塔2》的
电竞比赛里获得的
总奖金收入达6百万美元。
谷歌，facebook，苹果，特斯拉
这样的公司向足球运动员支付薪水，
让运动员训练人工智能。
这就回到了我们的主题，
让大脑工作的问题。
在坐的诸位，有物理学家吗？
物理学上，劳动的计量单位是什么？
【观众回答】
按天数计算，嗯，很好
体力劳动就是能量输出，
对大脑而言，是一样的。
关于认知神经科学的研究，
在95％的科学出版物里，
都与比较脑内葡萄糖等相关物的代谢率有关，
English:
competitions and Olympics
according to you how much earn
the e sports Olympic winners
on a game called
starcraft ii or dota ii how much
do you think they can live with it
well they can totally live with it in fact
they can even buy several villas with an
ocean view in biscarosse it’s 6
millions
I’m talking about a number from 2014
I’m not even sure it’s the same
price now in 2014 the
dota and starcraft winners won
6 millions of dollars
behind that there was google
facebook apple tesla that offered them
football players’ salaries to
train their artificial intelligence
that’s the subject let’s go back on
the work of the brain question are there
physicians in the room what’s the
unit of measure of work in physic
how do you measure work in physic
in Jouls good work is
an energy in physic well it’s the same
for the brain it’s a
simplification but 95% of all
scientific publications in
Chinese:
就像前面我象你说讲解过的，
【图片 大脑扫描】
这个图表现的就是葡萄糖的消耗情况。
它是利用正电子发射断层扫描术，
记录光子的出现的动态过程，
计算脑内葡萄糖等相关物的代谢率，
当某块脑区工作的时候，它需要的能量巨增，
因此，我们通过比较脑内葡萄糖等相关物的代谢率变化，
我们就能知道当脑执行某种任务时，
哪一部分脑区最兴奋活跃或者工作最努力。
你们能看到数据吗？（图片不对)
简单地说，
这个技术是测量我们的大脑，
在工作时消耗了多少燃料。
你们认为在以下几个任务中，
哪件事让大脑消耗的葡萄糖更多？
确切地说是消耗的乳酸更多？
下象棋时？
下围棋时?
系领带时?
做蛋黄酱的时候？
English:
cognitive neuroscience what they’re
looking at is the compared consumption
of glucose by the brain that’s it
exactly like this one for example
this one I showed you what it is
looking at is the compared consumption
1757
00:57:06,150 --> 00:57:09,960
of glucose tomography with positrons
emission the functional resonance
imaging well functional and
magnetic also called
the bold answer meaning blood
oxidation level dependence that
answers roughly which part of the
brain is more irrigated and more
irrigated because it needs more
oxygen to metabolize more lactate
so to simplify sorry have you
seen the number
well good
in fact to simplify really the
work in the brain it can be
measured in how much fuel was
spent today according to you in
which of the following tasks your
brain works the most meaning
consume the most glucose or lactate
more precisely when you play the chess
when you play a weiqi game
when you tie a tie when you cook
mayonnaise when you calculate the 13
English:
square root of a 100 digit numbers
as you’ve seen previously
when you solve differential equations
with stochastic partial derived
every morning at
breakfast
or when you play starcraft 2 your opinion
in which situation your
brain is going to burn the most glucose
so from very far starcraft 2 actually
according to you which one is the
most simple in terms of
consumption which one
1794
00:58:30,470 --> 00:58:34,869
consumes the lest glucose the
mayonnaise
the tie well the answer is the
the 13 square root of a 100
digit numbers well obviously don’t make
me say what I haven’t everyone
doesn’t know how to
admitting that you can do it
Chinese:
算一个任意100位数的13次方根？
或是每天早餐时做个随机微分方程？
或者当你玩星际争霸2时？
你们认为是在哪种情况下，
大脑会燃烧更多的葡萄糖？
嗬，星际争霸2大大地胜出。
在你们看来，哪件事最简单，消耗最少？
做蛋黄酱吗？
系领带吗？
答案是算一个任意100位数的13次方根。
【笑】
我没有说所有人都不会算，
如果你会算，
Chinese:
你的大脑为此消耗的葡萄糖不会很多。
真正有趣的事情在后面，
随机微分方程消耗的葡萄糖也不多。
虽然求解随机微分方程很复杂，
但仅求得一个近似值的话，
有一个网站可以做到这一点，
网站名是wolframalpha，
你只需要记住的是，
使用Wolfram Alpha做题消耗的能源比使用Google搜索少。
也就是说你用谷歌搜索布雷叙尔的披萨店，
需要消耗的焦耳，
即千瓦时，
要比Wolfram Alpha解答随机微分方程时耗能多。
谷歌的服务器为搜索布雷叙的披萨店而支付的电费，
也比解答随机微分方程而支付的多。
好了，另一方面，
大脑的糖消耗可以用数学来解释，
想知道一个问题的难易程度，
有一种简单而精确的方式，
English:
the consumption of glucose is not
incredible also and it’s extremely
interesting what just comes after
are differential stochastic
derived partial equations but
don’t let me say what I haven’t said
we cannot solve them
analytically but to do
numerical approximations
there is a website which does it very
well called wolfram alpha and this
is just what you must remember
wolfram alpha
consumes less energy doing this
than a request on Google meaning
that looking for a pizzeria at Bressuire
consumes more Joules more
kilowatt-hour than to solve
a stochastic partial derived
differential equation the Google
webservers will have a higher
electricity bill if you ask them
to find
pizzeria at Bressuire than if you asked
them to solve numerically a
a stochastic differential
equation apart from this
question because beyond the
consumption of glucose in the brain
there is a very easy way in maths
so very rigorous as it is for the group in
maths to explain the difficulty of
a problem
English:
the difficulty of a problem in maths
is very simple it is the length of a
minimal program which resolves the task
precisely if you are interested in this
in a programming language which is
called the assembler
if you have to calculate the complexity of
a problem it’s the length it’s a
pattern of repetition you count the
repetitions obviously but the
length of the program that makes the
tasks well the 13th square root equals one page
one page of the program can
calculate the 13th square root of a 100 digit
numbers you can program a big
calculator to do it like a
TI92 it can do it
big up to all the nerds who once had
it in their bag
so it’s not crazy same the differentiated
equation will
consume less kilowatts
than a google request
after that you’ve got chess game
that’s always under the google
request to be very
rigorous
the chess game and yes
it’s hard ok but in fact machines
beat humans it’s over
since 1995 it’s over the
Chinese:
它的标准非常简单，
就是看在一个程序里，
用了多少长度解决这个问题。
如果你感兴趣，
这个程序的专业名称是“汇编语言”。
如果你要计算一个问题的复杂性，
汇编语言程序的长度就代表了问题的复杂程度。
只要一个页面的程序，就可以算出一个任意100位数的13次方根。
当然，一个大计算器也可以算出来，
比如 TI-92（美国产图形计算器，尺寸210mm x 115mm x 30mm）。
所以不必吃惊，
解答随机微分方程所用的电量就是要比使用谷歌查询少。
然后，我们说国际象棋，
它也比使用谷歌查询耗能少，
对比结果是很准确的。
国际象棋很难下，是的，
但现实是，
机器已经击败了人类，就是这样。
从1995年起，
最优秀的人已经不能打败最好的机器了。
English:
best human cannot defeat the best
machines anymore it’s over
deeper blow and deep blow of ibm have
beaten the best humans and it’s over
we can’t go back
no human can beat the best machines
to a chess game it’s over
and after that there’s the weiqi game
the weiqi game is even harder than the
chess game from a math point
of view but no human can beat the best
machines anymore
Lee Se-Dol the weiqi game master
was beaten by alpha go the google
1880
01:01:22,229 --> 01:01:25,079
software and that’s over
no human can beat the machines
anymore and after that you’ve got
the tie so yes a robot
can also tie a tie but how can
you explain it that a tie is
fashion
how do you explain it that the knot
is balanced how do you explain that the
fabric matches the shirt and the colour
matches the suit how do you incorporate
it in the machine how do you
code it google would love to have an
artificial intelligence that can do it
google would love to have an
automatic karl Lagerfeld that can
choose the next trends
it could send it to the next
speculator on cotton he would
go crazy the guy would love
to have that but they can’t
Chinese:
IBM开发的Deep Blue（深蓝），Google开发的AlphaGo（阿尔法围棋），
击败了所有的最优秀的人类选手。
一切都结束了，不可逆了，
再也没有任何人类象棋好手能够
战胜最好的象棋机器。
这之后，是围棋，
虽然从数学的角度看，围棋比象棋难，
但是，同样的情况又发生了，
现在已经没有任何围棋好手
能够击败最好的机器。
如，Lee Sedol已输给了AlphaGo。
（李世石，韩国围棋九段棋手，2016年代表人类与AlphaGo比赛）
所以，都结束了，
没人能打败最好的机器。
现在我们来说说系领带，
嗯，机器人可以做到系领带这件事，
但是你怎么向它解释，
哪个领带时尚，
怎样把领带结打得四平八稳，
哪种面料配哪种衬衫，
哪种颜色搭配哪套西装……等等
诸如此类的问题，
怎样将这些问题用电脑编码？
谷歌非常希望有一种人工智能可以做到这些，
谷歌希望有做出自动版的Karl Lagerfeld（卡尔·拉格斐）
能够选择下一个流行趋势，
可想而知，利用这样的人工智能，
投机商人们可获得更多的利润。
相信我，他们会这样做的。
只是就目前而言，
English:
because for the moment
artificial intelligences can’t
do it and after that you’ve got the
mayonnaise same principle
how do you tell the robot the egg is
here the mustard here the oil here
you need to mix this way and
incorporate the oil you need to
separate the white from the yolk
go explain it to the robot how do you
program it and if you’re playful
you put a golf ball too how do you
explain the robot that this is a
golf ball and this is an egg and that
an egg is cracked like this
we don’t know how to do it
there’s no robot today that knows
how to cook mayonnaise
when it’s easy for us
during a long time we believed that
intelligence was the capacity to
express yourself without any ambiguity
it was very controversial in the 90’s
there was an philosopher named Jacques
Derrida and he had an honoris
causa PHD from Cambridge university
there was a tribune written
against him that was signed by
I won’t say the greatest philosophers
of their time because no one
knows them anymore today but
by great professors who said that
derrida wasn’t a philosopher
they signed the tribune in the London
time it was serious they said that
derrida wasn’t a philosopher
Chinese:
人工智能还做不到。
然后是蛋黄酱，同样的道理，
你怎么告诉机器人，
鸡蛋，芥末，油，都在这儿了，
你怎么告诉机器人，
怎样分开蛋白和蛋黄，
怎样加入油，
你怎么向机器人解释？
另外，如果你爱开玩笑，
加进一只高尔夫球，
你怎样教会机器人区分高尔夫球和鸡蛋？
以怎样的方式打开鸡蛋?
目前，我们不知道该怎么编这类程序，
至今还没有机器人能够制作蛋黄酱。
而这对我们来说，是很简单的。
其实，在很长的一段时间里，
我们认为高智商代表着能毫不含糊地表达一切。
在90年代时，曾有一个极大的争议，
是关于雅克·德里达，这位伟大的哲学家的，
当英国剑桥大学决定授予德里达教授荣誉博士学位时，
曾遭到来自于20位左右来头很大的学者的抗议，
他们抗议的信件被刊登在《泰晤士报》。
他们认为雅克·德里达不是哲学家，
因为他们认为德里达的作品“不符合公认的清晰、严谨标准”，
English:
because he was speaking a language
extraordinarily ambiguous
and ambiguity is contrary to
philosophy you don’t need to have
read Esope to say bullshit like that
but at the time
well it was clearly declared
that ambiguity couldn’t have its
place in the philosophical
language
so let’s go back on ambiguity I was
talking about ambiguity at a time
when it was considered that expressing
yourself in an ambiguous language was a sign
of low intelligence or at least
a lack of philosophical rigor and
today everyone who works in
1954
01:03:25,050 --> 01:03:27,270
artificial intelligence knows that
the AI future
is to deal with ambiguity when you ask
to an AI something
you go on your
smart TV and you shout
in the remote’s mic
the next movie you want to see
at the beginning if you say play a
clint eastwood movie
it might write it like
k l i m t because the
artificial intelligence
didn’t get that you switched
that fast between French and
English
Chinese:
“令人难以理解”……等等，
总之他们认为这种模糊性是与哲学对立的，
在那个时代，不少流派认为模糊的言辞缺乏哲学的严竣性，
在那个时代，含糊的表达方式被认为是不智慧的表现。
今天，工作在人工智能(法语缩写IA)领域的人都认为，
未来的IA，就是需要解决模糊问题。
假如你使用人工智能，比如你的智能电视，
你对着遥控器的麦克风说你想看的电影的名字，
如果你说要看克林特伊斯特伍德（Clint Eastwood）的电影，
出现在搜索框里的可能是“lim t es ist aux ide”
因为人工智能没有马上明白，
你在一个法语句子里组合了英语单词。
Chinese:
这个从法语到英语的快速的跳转很模糊，
这种模糊导致很多种可能的翻译，
我们的大脑处理这类模糊问题很在行，
而对利用算法来处理的机器来说，却很困难。
算法应包含一系列清晰定义的指令，
这是计算机算法的数学定义，
一个算法的每一步骤必须有确切的定义。
正因如此，煎饼食谱还没有一个算法，
因为煎饼食谱有太多的自由选项，
根据个人喜好，配料的种类和数量都会不同。
嗯，我们说到哪了？
我们说了蛋黄酱，我们的领带……
对了，星际争霸2的复杂性远远超过其它的事。
我知道这听起来很疯狂，
但是一位玩星际争霸2的职业选手，
每分钟要做400个动作，
每分钟要做400个动作是什么概念？
我给你们一个参照，
English:
it was ambiguous it could have
been interpreted in many
ways our brain deals the ambiguity
very well
but the definition of an algorithm
the rigorous definition of an algorithm
is a list of instructions to
execute without any ambiguity it’s the
mathematical definition of an algorithm
list of instructions to do without
ambiguity and that what makes the
crepes recipe isn’t an algorithm
yet because in the crepe
recipe
there’re many freedom degrees according
to the quantity of grand marnier
you pour in the paste or not
you can’t actually copied and afterward
where were we I said nanani
the mayonnaise our tie and way
before that you played
starcraft 2 I understand it seems
crazy but a professional gamer
of starcraft 2 is doing 400 actions per
minute
400 actions per minute to give you an
English:
idea it’s like to play Chopin’s great
waltz in replay
at least the most dense part
of the great waltz in replay
during 30 minutes
you can see them on their
keyboard for 30 minutes without
stopping
a piano keyboard has more keys
than a computer
keyboard because it has 85
keys while a computer keyboard has
less useful keys but if you add the
computer mouse let’s say that it
also makes 85 a professional
game lasts 30 minutes
a professional gamer does 400 actions
per minutes there’re 85 actions possible
how many different game
are possible it makes 85 power 30
by 400 the weiqi game next to it
looks like a tic-tac-toe game because for
the weiqi game the number of possible
games is 10 power 800 it’s huge
but it’s less than the number
I just gave you and the number
of chess game possible is 10
power 120
it’s also huge but it’s less
than weiqi game so in fact
the artificial intelligence in
AI history started on a
Chinese:
相当于持续演奏30分钟，
肖邦的华丽大圆舞曲里最快速的部分。
就像我们常看到的钢琴家的双手
连续不停地在琴键弹30分钟。
钢琴的按键比电脑的多，
钢琴有85个键，
电脑键盘的键虽然稍微少一点，
但如果我们算上鼠标，
那就基本上与琴键的数量相当。
电竞职业选手的一局比赛约30分钟，
每分钟做400个动作，
有85种可能的行动，
那么，打一局共有多少动作？
85乘以30乘以400，
结果太可观了。
除了围棋，还有井字棋，
围棋的的变化总数，
约为10的800次方，
这个数字远远超出人类的想象。
国际象棋的变化总数可能达到10的120次方，
它也很庞大，但比围棋小得多。
事实上，在人工智能历史上，
人机对战是从井字棋（Tic-Tac-Toe）开始的。
English:
tic-tac-toe game the first AI
during Voi noi man
could beat a tic-tac-toe player then
the chess game arrived it didn’t go
straight from tic-tac-toe to chess
but the next step was chess
in 95
then the weiqi game in 2014 and the
new future is
starcraft 2 that is today
google tesla apple and facebook
are paying professional players
to train their AI
and because AI is expensive
well those players are
very well paid so it’s weird
because I understand that if you’re
in a train you’re cool
and you go have a coffee
at the dining car you go
through 3 wagons
you go through the first one
and you see a guy who plays
chess
that’s cool you go through the next one
and then you see a guy who plays a
weiqi game that’s even cooler you
can come to my place whenever you
want I’ll introduce you to my daughter
and finally you arrive just before
the dinning car
there’s a guy playing on the computer
like a no life or a nerd on
starcraft 2 so you don’t stop
Chinese:
1950年制作的游戏《Bertie the Brain》
是电子游戏史最初的游戏之一，
该游戏便是和人工智能对弈井字棋。
这之后，是在1995年和人工智能对弈国际象棋，
然后是2014年的围棋比赛。
下一个界线将是星际争霸2。
目前，谷歌，特斯拉，苹果和脸书，
支付职业球员薪水，
让他们训练人工智力，
因为IA将创造巨大的财富，
所以这些公司愿意为此支付很高的报酬。
可能你会感到有点怪，但假设一下这样的场景，
你在火车里，
准备去餐厅用餐，
而你需要穿过三节车厢才能到餐车，
当你穿过第一节车厢时，
你看到一个人在玩国际象棋，
有档次！
你经过下一个车厢时，
你看到一个人在玩围棋，
档次更高！
“来我家做客吧，
我把女儿介绍给你认识。”【笑】
然后你就到了餐车。
有一个人在玩星际争霸2，
你看也不看他，径直走过去，
玩游戏，没档次。
English:
or look at him because it’s not
cool but in fact from a mathematical
point of view all of that is much
harder all of that to tell you that
arduousness and productivity are
not the same thing suffering isn’t an
indicator
for productivity and to think that if you
don’t suffer you’re not productive
is a big mistake and in this
math case we can clearly see
that it’s easier to get into
starcraft2 than a weiqi game but
still it’s much much harder
to be a professional
player
the other question I’m asking you
I told you that games are TA
vacuum cleaner
according to you how much time humanity
accumulated on this game world of warcraft
if we link all the hours
how long it is who thinks it’s equivalent
to the US’s age which is
242 years old more or less
who thinks it’s the France’s age that is
1500 years old who thinks it’s the
civilisation’s age 15 thousand years
Chinese:
实际上，从纯数学的角度看，
玩星际争霸2比其它的复杂得多，
所有这些都是为了让你知道，
工作的繁重程度不是生产能力的指标，
把痛苦做为生产率的标志是大错特错的。
学会玩星际争霸2
要比学会玩围棋容易得多。
然而，想成为一名职业选手，那将是很难的。
我要问的另一个问题是，
我们说游戏是一个“AT的抽引器”。
请你们猜猜，
人类一共花费了多少时间在星际争霸2这个游戏上？
如果我们每小时每小时地累加，
它会达到多少时间？
来，你们谁认为大约是截止到现在的美国建国时间，
242年？比这多？
好，那谁认为是法国的年齡，
1500年？更多吗？
那谁认为是至今为止的人类文明的时间，
1万5千年？
English:
because yes the civilisation’s age is
in fact superior to
France’s age when I make this
joke in the US they directly do a
standing-ovation who thinks
it’s more than 15 thousand years
enjoy
if we join all the hours that were
spent on world of warcraft
it equals 7 million years
between 2004 and 2014 only
it’s 50 more times than all the
worked hours by apple and all its
suppliers since 1976
if you join all the
worked hours by apple and all
its suppliers apple is the richest
society of the world
parenthesis when I say rich
I really mean rich when they call
their banks to know how much they have
on their bank accounts what does the
2112
01:08:51,810 --> 01:08:58,620
bank says according to you I’m talking
Chinese:
嗯，尽管与我们想的不一样，
但人类文明的出现的确比法国早。
【笑】
有谁认为超过一万五千年？
肯定？
好好回味吧【图片文字：七百万年】
如果累积游戏者从2004年到2007年，
玩魔兽世界的所有时间段，
总计达七百万年。
仅在2004年至2014年之间。
这是50倍于自1976年以来，
苹果公司员工及其供货单位员工的总工作时间。
苹果公司是世界上最富的公司。
说句题外话，当我说它富，它是真的富。
你能猜到苹果公司往来帐户里有多少钱吗？
请注意，所谓的“往来账户”，
是指可以随时提取的现金的账户。
English:
cash I’m not talking of their market
value I’m talking cash the bank says
your account is a credit yes a
credit
you’re following good of Quatar’s GDP
plus the German’s defence budget plus
the French one and when I say this
in the US they say bad example
250 billions in cash with 1 50th of the
hours spent on world of warcraft and here
I’m giving the advantage to apple
because I consider that 1 hour equal an TA
and we all know that it’s not true in the office
people are like no it’s false
so obviously if I told you
that one day maybe we could
create quatar’s GDP by playing a game
it’s non sense
Chinese:
银行回答：“您的往来账户总金额相当于卡塔尔的国内生产总值，
加上德国的国防预算，
再加上法国的国防预算”。
即2500亿现金，
而这仅相当于花在魔兽世界上的总时间的五十分之一。
另外，我把这每一个小时看做是一个AT，
你们都知道在办公室工作时做不到这样。
也许，以后我们可以
通过玩游戏创造出卡塔尔的国内生产总值，
目前听起来太荒谬吧。
English:
so here’s what starcratf’s
competitions look like as I told
you here you can see someone being
photographed it’s entire
stadiums being committed to a
project I really like this example let’s
do a test who in the room has heard
of Samuel pirponte the
british that’s the problem
that is according to my trust
level in fact I bet a different
part of my anatomy that no one in the
room has heard of Samuel pirponte
the british but because there’s
always someone to raise it’s hand
I’d rather tell you straight away
I won’t go lower than my appendage
in fact
believe me this guy is
a guy who
doesn’t matter for most people today
it was the guy paid by the
president of the USA
to fly the first plane and the guy
was the perfect son-in-law he had
Chinese:
【图片】好了，这是星际争霸竞赛现场，
站在众多新闻记中间的那个人无疑是超级明星。
执着于自己的事业，我真的很喜欢下面这个例子，
让我们先做一个小测试，
有谁听说过塞缪尔·皮尔庞特·兰利这个人？
（Samuel Pierpont Langley）
根据我的经验，不会有人知道他。
鉴于总有人会举手，
我还是选择尽早告诉你们。
现在大多数人都没听说过塞缪尔·兰利这个人，
此人曾获得美国政府以及史密森学会的经济支持，
试图建造一架载人飞机。
他是史密森学会的秘书长，
Chinese:
他和总统打高夫球，
纽约时报对他的研究做跟踪报道，
还有一点，他很有钱，
总之，此人具备了一切有利条件，
去飞起第一架有人驾驶的飞机。
你们知道是谁成功起飞了第一架载人飞机？
稍稍有点争议，
有人会说是奥托·李林塔尔（Otto Lilienthal），
也有人说是莱特兄弟，
在美国历史上，是莱特兄弟。
为什么在飞行史上，
莱特史弟的知名度高，
而塞缪尔却不那么有名。
莱特兄弟是谁？
一开始，莱特兄弟在他们的家乡俄亥俄州的代顿市，
开办了一家自行车销售和维修店。
他们的背景就是这样的。
他们两个人中只有一个人完成了高中学业，
他们团队里的其他人也都没有完成高中学业。
他们一边卖自行车的零配件，
一边在玉米田里试验飞机。
为什么是他们获得成功，
而不是其他人？
为什么不是来自理工学院的人，
剑桥的，牛津的……为什么是他们？
因为当莱特兄弟每次去试飞的时候，
他们会带上五套部件，
也就是说，他们每天会失败5次。
English:
a sit at the Smithsonian it was the
American French college he played gold
with the president the new york times
was following him everywhere and of
course he was rich so this guy had
the perfect conditions to fly
the first plane who flied the first
plane I know it’s controversial
some will say that it was
Clement Adder they’ll be right
there’re also the wright brothers
they are in the american
history books they flied the
first plane why do we know the
wright brothers better and not
Samuel pirponte the british who were the
wright brothers at the beginning
they were spare parts bike sellers
60 km away from Dayton in Ohio
their pedigree was that
one of them had graduated from
high school only one of them and
no one in their team had graduated from
high school those guys were
selling bike spare parts
in corn fields
why them and why not
somebody else why isn’t it a guy
from MIT Polytechnic Cambridge
oxford why them
2186
01:11:52,000 --> 01:11:55,790
because when they were going on the
field they were sending 5 packs of
spare parts a day that is they were crashing
English:
5 times a day
so obviously at 30 miles per hour that’s
why it was a biplane a biplane is
to have a low velocity lift
or levitation but still
they were crashing 5 times a
day
but when you’re Samuel fucking
pirponte the british you can’t
crash not only once because
you play gold with the president
because the new york times
follows you everywhere because you’ve
got a grant and because you have a chair
at the Smithsonian so failure is
expensive and in order to learn well
failure can’t be too expensive
in fact if you want to learn well
to innovate well to create well
or to change the world or to receive a
nobel price whatever failure needs to
be not too expensive because it’s
tests and failure that create
novelty and when failure is expensive
you won’t try as much right after the
first failure you’ll stop everything
so the paradox of the guy who has the
best pedigree and whom no one
knows anymore not even the name
it’s because for that guy
failure was very expensive whereas
when you’re the wright brother
in Ohio nobody cares that
you’re crashing with your machine
Chinese:
这是当然的，因为它是双翼机，
时速30公里，
双翼机在低速飞行时可以产生较大的升力，
但是它很容易失衡坠落。
他们每天会失败五次啊！
但当你是“塞缪尔·皮尔庞特·兰利”，
那就不允许失败了，
一次也不行，
因为你和总统打高尔夫球，
因为纽约时报的记者总会出现在你身边，
因为你手握证券，
因为你身居要位，
所以你的失败成本昂贵。
如果你想学会什么，
就必须降低失败成本。
如果你想学习，你想创新，
甚至于想改变世界，
获得诺贝尔奖……
失败的代价必须很低，
因为创新是建立在无数次失败的试验上的。
当失败成本昂贵时，
你没法多次试验，
从第一次失败起，
你就停下来了。
就这是塞缪尔虽然拥有最好的背景，
现在却没有人知道他的名字的原因，
因为对这个人来说，
失败的代价太高。
当莱特兄弟在俄亥俄州的田野里试验时，
没有人在乎，
他们驾驶着可怕的机器，
一天坠毁了多少次，
English:
in corn fields
so you can try 5 times a
day so you’ll beat that guy
I didn’t discover this great principle
it’s a guy who’s
named simon sinek I recommend
you his word he clearly says
that failure is a diploma and if
you don’t have that failure diploma
if you haven’t dealt with failure
in your life you can’t try to do
something new because the
definition of something new
can’t work at the first try
if so someone would have done it
before you a good example sorry
I made a mistake I didn’t
that’s why it was in italian it’s not
my fault
I’ve made this conference in italian
I changed slides sorry yes I’m half
kabyle and half Italian the world is
divided in two categories the
kabyles and the ones who want to
Chinese:
所以他们可以每天试验5次，
所以他们会打败这个人。
为什么莱特兄弟成功，而塞缪尔却不行？
是因为有一个法则，这个法则不是我发现的，
是西蒙·斯涅克（SimonO.Sinek）发现的，
我热切地向你们推荐他的理论，
他直截了当地说：“失败是一张文凭，
如果你在生活中没有过这张文凭，
没有从失败中走出来过，
就不必去尝试创新，
因为创新意味着不会一次成功。
否则，早就有人做成了。”
还有一个好例子，
这位先生，
啊，
抱歉，
是意大利文的，
我没有换好图片，
说起来，我是半卡比尔人半个意大利人。
世界上的人分为两类，【笑】
卡比尔人和梦想成为的卡比尔人的人。
English:
be kabyle
there’s a clapping that almost
started
good bejaïa power right so what’s
written is failure is a
diploma and bill gates says and it’s
linked with what I said about
the apple he says I failed exams
at the university I failed
some exams and by the way
he doesn’t have his licence he
never finished his licence
but I have friends who didn’t
they’re the ideal son in laws they’re
so clever they passed all
their exams
well my friends who passed all their
exams are engineers at Microsoft
it hurts so bad failure is a diploma
and you can’t try something new
if you don’t have that diploma
an other good example that I
really like is the effect bannister roger
bannister arrives in a context
where there’re medical
Chinese:
我知道你们就要鼓掌了。【笑】
现在，回到正题，失败是一个文凭。
这张图片上写的是比尔盖茨说的话，
说的也是这个意思。
他说，“在我上大学时，
曾在一些科目的考试中失败了，”
我插一句话，他没有拿到学士学位。
“但是我的朋友却通过了所有科目，
这位通过所有考试的我的朋友，
现在是微软的工程师。”
失败是一张文凭，缺少它，不可能在新事业上获得成功。
另一个我喜欢的例子，
是“罗杰·班尼斯特效应”。（Roger Gilbert Bannister）
当时的背景是，
运动学家与生理医学家们都信誓旦旦地宣称，
Chinese:
人类不可能在四分钟内跑完一英里（1609.344米），
这是人类生理挑战的极限。
很多人都试着挑战这个极限，
但是专家们已经说了，
这是不可能的，
就是这样，
因为这是人体的极限。
然而，罗杰班尼斯特在在牛津大学的操场上，
以3分59秒4的成绩跑完一英里。
真正有趣的是，
在班尼斯特打破纪录的半年里，
在全世界，先后共有300名运动员，
在四分钟内跑完一英里。
我们怎么解释这个现象呢？
这是什么回事？
难道是因为我们摄入的营养成分改变了吗？
或是改变了训练方法？
或者是我们的身体本身有所改变？
难道他们受过某种不知名的辐射？
才使他们得以打破了他们的极限。
亦或是，仅仅因为，
他们在心里说“这可能的”，
因为他们知道已经有人做到了。
我们把这种现象称为“班尼斯特效应”，
在各个领域里，都有“班尼斯特效应”的例子，
English:
congresses at the university that
say that it’s impossible to run a
mile in less than 4 minutes it’s a
physiological limit of the human body
you can’t so you have many
guys that make amazing congresses
that absolutely don’t run the mile
for a start but those guys say that’s
that’s impossible we say that you
couldn’t do it that is how it is
that’s a limit of the human body you
can’t run a mile in less than 4
minutes
and then roger bannister didn’t listen
to that medicine course of
Cambridge so he ran a mile in
three minutes and fifty nine seconds
and what’s interesting it’s once he
did it in the whole
world
well three hundreds people in six
months ran a mile in less than
four minutes
so how do we interpret that what does
it mean was it their nutrition
2297
01:15:38,940 --> 01:15:42,360
that changed was it their training
that changed was it their physiologic
that changed have they been exposed
to a radioactive cloud
that we don’t know of so have they
succeeded in surpassing their limits
or is it only because they knew
mentally they knew it was
possible because someone
had done it we call it the bannister
effect and you’ll find the effet
English:
bannister in a lot of areas
not only physically it can also be
intellectually that’s my drunkenness
test what colour is the
elephant in fact I’ve heard that
some people were saying that
it was a legend but I can
assure that it was
verified we know and archaeologist
who studied what we called the
collapse of bronze age which is a very
significant area of
human history the bronze age the
iron was a precious metal at the end
of the bronze age iron was
difficult to found and that’s why
the Egyptians were making
removable boats I’ll talk about
it later in the conference
because iron nails for a boat
isn’t very good and the elephants
to tie them a bronze chain isn’t
good either so mahouts had
understood that the best way
to tie an elephant was to tie
him in his head that is they tied
2334
01:16:52,280 --> 01:16:56,780
a small cord to his leg as
a baby of course and it couldn’t
break this small cord obviously
Chinese:
且不限于生理方面，
比如也出现在智力方面。
这是我的醉酒测试，
大象是什么颜色的？
事实上，
有些人说这是一个传奇，
但我可以向你保证这是真的。
考古学家得出结论，
在人类历史的一个重要时期，
青铜器时代，
在青铜器时代末期，
铁是比金更昂贵的金属，
在当时的冶练技术来说，无法大量生产铁。
这就是为什么埃及人造船是可拆卸的，
整个船体没有用一根铁钉，
全部用棕绳固定连接，
因为用不起那么多的钉子。
关于大象，嗯，也不用铁链来栓大象。
照看大象的人有更好的办法来栓住大象，
那就是“栓住大象的脑子”，
具体做法是，
当大象还很幼小的时候，
用一根绳子栓住它的脚，
幼象没有力量挣脱那绳索。
Chinese:
直到它成年以后，
我们用相同的绳子，就算那强子根本不结实，
大象也不会逃脱。
因为在它的记忆里，
在它的心灵里……随你怎么理解，
它完全认为这根绳子是无敌的，
任凭怎么做，
都是无法挣脱这根绳子的，
所以它呆在那里不动。
在Rodeo大赛（牛仔竞技比赛）里获胜的牛仔高手们，
有时把马随便地栓在花园里的椅子上，
那些马也不逃走。
为什么？
因为它们看到绳子上有一个结。
如果栓马的绳子上没有结，
立刻就会跑掉。
它们可不傻！
于是，需要问这样一个问题，
在我们的大脑里，
究竟有多少个这样的结。
其实，我们所有人都有这样的结，
我们的大脑有点像智能手机，
预装有很多应用程序和情境。
比如“害怕被抛弃”这个情境，
从一出生起，
已经被安置在大脑里了。
小时候，害怕被抛弃，
长大以后，害怕被群体排除在外。
当一个成年人被群体排除在外时，
这会使这个人非常痛苦。
我们有证据证明，
当一个人被群体排除在外时，
English:
but as an adult they tied the same
small cord and the elephant didn’t
move because it understood
in it’s training it’s memory
its psyche call as you want
it had understood that this cord
was invincible and it couldn’t do
anything against it
so he wasn’t moving and there’re
a lot of not rodeo but rather western
riding champions that tie their
horses to a chair in the
garden
and what’s crazy is the horse is
tied to a garden’s chair and it doesn’t
move because it can see the node
if they don’t tie the cord
it runs away it’s not dumb
so the question we have to ask
ourselves is how many cords we have
in our minds because we all have some
our brain is a bit like a smartphones
because it has apps
there’re an app environment
it is here since birth
it’s installed by the
constructor if you want and it’s the
fear of being abandoned our brain
fears to be abandoned when we’re
young than as an adult it becomes
the fear of being excluded by
the group as an adult it becomes the
fear of being rejected by the group
it’s very painful we have the proof
2371
01:17:56,150 --> 01:17:59,390
today in functional imagery
Chinese:
他大脑里与痛苦相联系的那个部位，
变得很活跃。
事实上，心理上的痛苦
要比身体的疼痛，
更让人难以承受，
虽然很多人不这样认为。
想象一下，你骑马时摔断了腿，
严重的伤势让你经受了很多痛苦，
六个月后，
或十个月后，你还会去骑马。
再想象一下，当你刚跨上马背时，
有人过来对你说一件，
在你一生中听到过的最可怕的事，
你的母亲去世，你的孩子去世……
总之，是在你听来最残酷的事，
我可以肯定地说，
一半的可能，你不会再去骑马了。
因为摆脱心理痛苦，
要比摆脱身体痛苦困难得多。
例如创伤后压力综合征（Post-traumatic stress disorder），
这类在战争等创伤事件后产生的精神疾病。
所以，要问的是：在我们的头脑里究竟有多少这样的绳索？
【大象图片】
我再给你们举一个小例子，
美国教师沙里塞尼克松所做的实验。
她让一个班的孩子们做易位构词游戏，
见图，左栏的三个单词，
English:
that when the human is rejected by his
group the part of the brain that
activates is a part associated to
physical pain and the psychological
pain is much more painful
than physical pain
many people think it’s the
contrary but imagine you ride
a horse
and you break your leg like really hard
like an open fracture really painful
and six or ten months
later you’ll go back on riding a horse
now imagine that you’re riding a horse
and
someone tells you the worst news
of your entire life like the death of
your mother or father or
child something really bad I can
guarantee you that half the time
you’ll never ride a horse again
because it’s much more difficult to get
over psychological pain than
physical pain that’s why the post
traumatic stress exists in
conflict zones so the question to
ask ourselves is how many cords
we have in our heads I’ll give you a
a quick example there’s an american
teacher named charice Nixon
and she did a test with her pupils
and asked them to do write anagrams you
Chinese:
她本该将这三个单词发给班上所有的
三十位学生，
要求他们，
通过改变三个单词的字母顺序创出新的单词，
每次当有人找到一个单词的答案时就举手示意。
她有意给其中三个学生右栏里的三个单词，
在右栏里的前两个单词，
无论你怎么改变字母顺序，
都不可能组成新的英语单词。
但是，右栏的第三个单词和左栏的是相同的。
你们在座的人能想到答案吗？
试一下吧，虽然不是你们的母语，
有想到的吗？
没有？
啊，“american”，答案正确，
看来我们这里有Scrabble高手。
你们看，尽管不是你们的母语，
你们还是马上找到了答案。
老师给了那些学生5分钟，
那三个词是由易到难排列的，
bat 蝙蝠 —— tab 标签
lemon 柠檬 —— melon 瓜
cinerama 宽银幕立体电影 —— american 美国人
发生了什么？
拿到右栏的三名学生，
怎么也没有办法把前两个词组成新词，
而此时，课堂里的其他人都举手了，
English:
can see on the left column
the paper she gave to all of her
students in her class so thirty pupils
and said when you’ll solve this paper
2408
01:19:03,990 --> 01:19:08,610
that is find all the anagrams of those
words raise your hand and she tricked
three of her pupils she gave them
the right column paper and on the right
one the first two words you can try as
much as you want there’s no
anagrams for them in English
but the last one is the same one
maybe someone here has found it
you may be not a native
it’s harder when you’re not a
native but it’s a quick test
American that’s right I can see we’ve got
a scrabble double black belt
so as you can see it’s not your
mother language but you’ve found it
right away
in fact let five minutes to the
pupils especially because they’re used
to it it gets harder but it starts
with the most simple so bat
tab melon lemon and Cinerama american
right so what’s happening in fact
when the other students who had
the paper with the impossible first two
see all the class raising their
hand main
English:
well they’re convinced the last
one is also impossible and they say it
they go through a lie detector
and according to them the third one
is impossible their brain told them
don’t even think of trying don’t you
see it’s impossible don’t even try
and what the pupils say
afterward when asked how did you
feel they say they’ve never felt
this dumb we call it the
taught helplessness
in English it wouldn’t
surprise if I told you it’s a
paradigm discovered by the
CIA during cold war it was
discovered by a teacher named
martin Seligman and who
tortured dogs because we can
also do that you mustn’t laugh at
at that one and that man took a
cage with a wall inside it and from one side of
the cage he throws an electric discharge
the dog can jump over the wall
and goes to the other side of the
cage for protection then he throws
a discharge on that side and he
observes that the dog can also jump
then he acts like a jerk and throws
discharges from both sides and once the
dog figured it out it can’t do
Chinese:
他们马上确定，
第三个单词也是不可能的。
无需测谎，
他们真的认为第三个词是不可能的，
他们的大脑对他们说
“不用试了，
你已经知道是不可能的。”
此后，当那些学生被问及当时的感受时，
他们当时都觉得自己真的笨，
这就是“习得性失助”，
英语写做“Learned helplessness”。
你们不用惊讶，
冷战期间的中央情报局已注意到了这个规律。
是马丁·赛里格曼教授（Martin.Seligman）首先提出这个理论，
他用狗作了一项经典实验，
不幸的狗。
马丁·赛里格曼教授安置了一个箱子，
用隔体将箱子分为两部分，
实验人员只对一边的箱底通电，
如果狗跳过阻隔体到另一边，
就可以逃脱电击。
当狗跳入另一边以后，实验人员再对该箱底通电，
迫使狗再跳到对面的箱子……如此反复。
在加强实验里，
实验人员让两边都同时通电，
那只狗不断地跳，直至它意识到无论怎么做都无济于事时，
它不再企图跳离箱子，只躺在原地不动，
English:
anything else
it lies down and accepts its fate and
when they open the door
it doesn’t come out taught helplessness
it thinks it’s ok and hostage
takers know that farcs for
example when
they had hostages in the jungle
they couldn’t keep them in jail
because they had to constantly
walk so what they would do they
made their hostages repeat
blindfolded and hands tied in their
back I’m alone I’m
alone
hundreds of time a day you have to
repeat all morning I’m alone
I’m alone if you not you take a
blow
and it works very well because it’s
known that people don’t try to
escape afterward taught helplessness
it’s also known that the more people
know this phenomenon in advance the more
they resist to it
that’s a bit why I’m giving those
conferences I don’t think you’ll
get kidnapped by the farcs tomorrow
2494
01:21:50,940 --> 01:21:57,630
but we never know to be
honest I decided to
Chinese:
消极地接受自己的命运。
当我们打开笼子以后，
它也不出来。
这就是习得性失助。
劫持人质的人知道这个道理，
例如，FARC（哥伦比亚反政府武装）
他们的做法很特别，
由于他们在丛林地带从事游击活动，
必须频繁移动，
所以不能一直把人质关起来。
他们怎么做？
他们把人质的眼睛蒙住，双手反绑，
强迫人质不断重复地说：
“我独自一人，我独自一人……”
每天人质必须数千次地
重复这一句话，
否则就会挨打。
这样做相当有效，
因为结果是，人质不再尝试逃跑。
这就是习得性失助。
同样我们已经知道的是，
如果一个人事先了解这一现象，
那他的抵抗能力相对强一点，
这也是我来做这个讲座的原因之一，
虽然我不认为你会被FARC绑架，
但谁知道呢？【笑声】
说实话，我决定出本书，
Chinese:
是因为有公开在酷刑项目的背景下从事研究的心理学家，
也有在这些秘密项目与公开学术项目之间
可能存在交叉领域开展工作的更具争议性的心理学家。
如马丁 赛里格曼教授，
他是美国心理学会的成员，
美国心理学会是美国最权威的心理学学术组织。
正是这促使我想写书，
因为我觉得科学被滥用，
我想跟大众谈谈神经科学，
正如有些人研究如何操纵人们的大脑，
也该有些人能跟人们讲讲如何避免被操纵，
这是我的工作主题之一。
习得性无助在学校里得到充分的验证，
最糕的是，
当一个学生学业失败时，
我们不能确定失败是由于这个学生太笨，
有认知障碍，
还是因为这个学生认为他自己很笨。
也许大脑核磁共振成像能帮助我们找出原因，
目前，我们不可能在每个学校都安放一台核磁共振成像机，
但以后是可能的，
就像以前我们不能在每个学校都安放一台电脑，
那时的IBM电脑有一间台球房那么大，
English:
write a book because we didn’t
know that professor Seligman had
participated to the CIA torture
program we didn’t know and
it was revealed later he was part of
the American psychological association
which is a great association that works
well not criticized at all but he
was a very important member of that
association we’ve got many proofs
nowadays that he participated to
a CIA torture program that’s when I
wanted to write a book because I
thought it was a bit too much
we could talk
neurosciences to the public
because there’re people who work
on how to manipulate others
it would be great that some other
work on trying to tell
them about it it was the main
subject of my work
the taught helplessness tested at school
works really great and the worst is
when there’s an academic
failure we can’t tell if the failure is due
to the stupidity of the student let’s say
a cognitive disability or if it’s because
he thinks he is dumb to know it
the student should receive a
cerebral imagery and we can’t have
one MRI by school today maybe tomorrow
we could same as yesterday we couldn’t
have a computer by school when
English:
the computers were as big as a
2531
01:22:59,010 --> 01:23:01,170
pool room and today
there’re many computers
in one school maybe tomorrow we’ll
have the money for it but for now
we can’t so when a student fail we
can’t tell if it’s because he’s convinced
he’s bad or if it’s because he isn’t
good enough and the taught
helplessness I insist can happen
in fifteen minutes fifteen minutes
and for the adult only
that’s another test
called Asch’s conformity
experience
Solomon Asch during the 60’s
presents the lines you can see here
the lines you can see on the right
and asks adults which one of this
three lines is the same length of the
one on the left
it’s line number 2 it’s very easy
but afterward he pays
fifteen actors to say of course not it’s
number three
and observes how many persons
change their mind 8 out of 10 in
Chinese:
现在，每个学校都有很多电脑。
所以说，也许以后会有办法，
但现在没办法。
现在，当学生在学业上失败时，
我们没法确定，究竟是他自认没有能力，
这是因为他真的没有能力。
只需15分钟，
就能让一位成年人，
产生习得性无助。
这里有另一个实验，
被称为“阿希的从众实验”。【图片】
是所罗门·阿希（Solomon E. Asch）
在60年代做的一个实验。
他向被试者出示两张画有线条的卡片。
要求被试者判断左图里的线条，
与右图里三条线中哪一条线等长。
你们说呢？
正确答案是右图的第2根线，
非常简单。
但实验者故意安排了一些演员混在被试者里，
这些演员一致说是右边的第3根线，
然后看有多少人改变他们的想法，
结果，十个人里有八个人改变了他们的想法。
事后，自然地，
English:
general so obviously when interrogated
the majority of those 8 out of 10 will
say I knew it but I won’t fight
for lines and they’re
right it’s the good answer
but in general there’s one out those 8
that won’t believe that is he
auto hypnotised himself to follow
the group it’s very scary
because it’s ok for a line but when it’s
to say that torturing people is
2568
01:24:22,230 --> 01:24:25,050
good
because there’re fifteen people
who tell you that torturing people
is good
so what do you think is it good
or not it’s harder here it’s what
we call the Nuremberg effect
typically why good family men
can kill people without
any problem because their surrounding
told them it was ok in fact that’s
the problem our brain when it has
to choose between conformity
and truth it chooses conformity
why because when you were in the jungle
or during ice age for our
ancestors
if you were right but excluded
from the group
you were right but dead
so it was great to be right but if
Chinese:
那些被问到的改变了想法的人几乎都说，
我知道是第2根线，
但我不想为了一根线条而和别人争吵。
他们是有道理的。
但是，平均每八个人中有一个，
会回答说：“噢? 真的吗？”
说明他在当时受别人的影响发生了知觉歪曲。
这很可怕，
就一条线来说没什么，
但如果是关于其它的事，
比如：折磨他人是正确的。
这当然是不对的，但如果有十五个人告诉你，
折磨他人是对的。
然后，你会怎么判断？
这就是我们说的“纽伦堡效应”。
为什么一个好父亲
会毫不犹豫地杀人？
因为他们周围的人都说没问题。
这就是问题所在，
当我们必须在合乎群体标准和遵守事实之间做选择时，
我们的大脑选择从众。
为什么？
因为当我们的祖先生活在冰河时代或采集时代时，
你这样做就是对的，
否则就会被排除在群体之外，
从众是对的，是为了避免死亡。
如果你被群体排除在外，你无法独活，
English:
you were excluded from the group
you were dead admitting you could
survive you couldn’t have a progeny
because you were excluded from
the group
single parenthood doesn’t work for
humans so we’re the descendants of
those who stayed in the group in
fact
another experience that I love is a
creativity test where you have to
the test itself isn’t that interesting
the only thing that matters is what the
psychologist is going to do with it
the test is you’ve got all of this and
you have to entirely burn the candle
2605
01:25:33,460 --> 01:25:37,119
and keep it parallel to the wall and
left no wax on the table
so it’s not the most exiting thing of
your day
I’ll give you the result straight
away
the result is that nothing else
that’s why it’s a creativity
test because it’s badly done because
you normally have to keep the thumbtacks
inside the box
that’s here it’s a creativity test
because it forces the person to
see the box as an integral part
of the problem resolution
not simply a thumbtacks container
Chinese:
就算你侥幸存活，
你独自一人，
无法生育后代，
人类无法单性繁殖。
结论是，我们是那些选择留在群体里的人的后代。
【笑声】
这是另一个我很喜欢的实验。
是一个创造力测试。
这个测试的内容并不是很有趣，
有趣的是对于实验结果的分析。
实验要求被试者运用桌上的任何物品，
将一支点燃的蜡烛固定在墙上，
蜡烛要与墙面平行，
不能让烛油滴落在桌子上。
让我告诉你们结果，
应该这样做。【图片】
这是一个测试创造力的实验，
前面那张图片不好，
本来图钉应该是放在盒子里的，
应该看上去是一根蜡烛，一盒图钉和火柴，
而不是一根蜡烛，一个盒子，图钉和火柴。
因为当图钉放在盒子里的时候，
Chinese:
我们潜意识里认定了它是用来装图钉的，
如此一来就限制了盒子的用途，同时也限制了我们的思维。
不要紧，这不是最重要的，
重要的是科学家把实验分为两组，
告诉第一组，
如果解决这个问题，
每人将得到一百美元的奖励，
而告诉第二组，
如果解决这个问题，
我会和你们每一个人握手表示祝贺。
你们认为，哪一组表现更好？
是握手的这一组。
原因是，虽然奖励能让我们集中精神，
从而提高了记忆力，
但是它只适应那些已经见过的事物。
比如，对于在课堂上订正练习，
奖励非常有效，
奖励能有效地激励我们的工作表现。
对于那些简单的、反复的、机械式工作，
奖励机制非常有效。
然而，对于需要发挥创意才能解决的问题，
English:
that happens to be here
well it’s not that which is important
what’s important is that they have
a psychologist who’s going to tell a
room as big as one row
all the people on the left
side
if you solve this problem I’ll give
you 100 dollars each and everyone on
the right
if you don’t solve this sorry
if you solve this problem I’ll
shake your hand according to
you which group works best
as you know it you know it’s
the shake of hand group
the reason is the
reward enhances the focus and
memorization on things already seen
the reward works well for an
exercise we corrected in class
2642
01:26:45,849 --> 01:26:49,329
it works well
the reward it works for strengthening
a behaviour already repeated the
reward works well for a repetition
English:
the reward is counter productive
to an original solution because it puts
the brain when the brain faces
a reward instinctively it puts itself
in the situation it’s something
we’ve repeated it won’t tell you
of course but the brain when it is
in a rewarding situation positive or
negative strengthening something
stimulating
it directly thinks ok it’s something
I’ve already seen so it’s going
to saturate the solving
problems space by its memory
when it shouldn’t because the
solution isn’t in its memory
so it reduces its performances so
there’re situations when
the reward reduces the performances
we call it the effect of
over-justification it’s a bit scary
because engineers say that when we
only have a hammer in hand we
only see problems as nails so
when we only have the reward in hand
we only see problems as problems
we can reward and innovation in
human history doesn’t fit in
this category it doesn’t mean
we have to stop rewarding
and or grading even it it’s a
real subject but in any case the real
subject you have to know
2679
01:27:55,920 --> 01:28:00,449
that correction and grading aren’t
Chinese:
金钱激励反而会起到反作用。
也就是说，越丰厚的金钱奖励，绩效反而越低。
这是因为人们很难把金钱的诱惑与压力完全排开，
所以自然无法专注在问题本身，阻碍了大脑的自由发挥。
奖励在许多情况下有效，
当我们的大脑遇到简单的、反复的问题，
会马上进入思维的定势。
胡萝卜加大棒的模式会造成正的或反的效果，
对简单的，无需创意来解决的问题来说是正效果，
因为奖励机制使大脑自主地提升了记忆力空间，
但却因此挤占了寻求解决策略的空间，
这是不应该的，因为解决方案并不在记忆空间里，
于是绩效反而变低了。
这就是在有些情况下，
奖励会降低绩效的原因，
这种现象被称做“过度理由效应”，
这是令人焦虑的。
正如工程师说，
当你手上有一把锤子的时候，
看所有的东西都是钉子。
当我们只有奖励这一个方式，
我们会认为所有的问题都是可以获得奖励的问题，
然而创新不属于那个类别。
这并不意味着我们必须停止奖励，
虽然这是一个需要思索的问题。
但是至少，需要好好理解订正和分数的区别，
Chinese:
这两者之间有很大的区别，
它们之间的差别之大，就像螺丝和钉子，
它看起来非常相似，
虽然我们可以用锤子推螺丝，
但正确的方式是用螺丝刀来拧螺丝。
订正是用来改善一种行为，
如果你在钢琴上，弹错一个音，
你可以纠正它，
但分数是为了区分等级，
证明你是否达到某一水平，
超过某一标准。
在一个竞赛里，
有参加人数和预定奖项，
不是每个人都能得奖，
这时需要用分数来解决这个问题。
但订正只是用来改善一种行为。
想学得好，
就必须经常纠正错误。
如果我们使某人对订正产生了厌恶感，
就破坏了他的学习兴趣。
当我们让某人害怕被纠正，
使这个人想到改正就害怕时，
我们减慢了他的学习速度。
因为越想学得快，
就越需要经常纠正错误。
就像一个调制解调器。
一个56k调制解调器,
理论速率可以达到每秒传输五万六千个字节。
English:
the same thing it’s something we
need to understand correction and
grading aren’t the same thing there’re
as many differences between correction
and grading than between screws
and nails it looks alike and you can
hammer a screw but you usually need a
screwdriver for a screw
correction is here to
improve a behaviour if you play
piano and play a wrong note
you correct yourself it’s useful to
classify that is to tell if you’ve got
the level or not if you’re in the
norm or not and if there’s
a contest the grade is useful
to tell there’re that many
places and that many people
everyone can’t have it that’s the use
of the grade but correction is simply
to adjust a behaviour and to learn well
you need to be often corrected
and when you discourage someone
from correction you destroy his learning
when you make someone being
afraid of being corrected when
someone is terrified of receiving
a correction we slow down his
learning
because to learn fast you need to be
often corrected it’s like a
modem if you want I’ll talk about it
again when we’ll talk about games a modem
English:
is 56k that 56 000 signals a
second octet even more than signals
today it’s optical fibres it’s
10 20 millions of octets a second
well learning is the correction
in an hour if you want to
learn quickly you need to be often
corrected in an hour but if you’re
disgusted by correction you’ll stop
being corrected and the grade isn’t
the same thing
I didn’t say there was a tool
that was superior to the other I
just said they’re tools that haven’t
the same role and often because we don’t
2728
01:29:28,560 --> 01:29:31,830
have time we mix the two of them
it’s normal we don’t have time
to do one part correction and one
part grading but in fact we need to
understand it isn’t the same
tools
that’s it another example
used in marketing you need to know
that marketing is about associating
a product to something people
want but can’t have
see the vicious aspect or not that’s
Chinese:
现在使用的光纤，
每秒可以传输一千万字节。
当我们把学习视作是每小时里的订正，
如果你想学得快，就要经常订正错误。
如果你对订正感到反感，
你就会停止学习。
订正和分数不是一回事，
我并不是说哪个更好，
我只想说这些都是工具，它们的功能不同，
我们却常因时间所限而混淆这两者，
我们需要做的就是将更多的工具装到我们的大脑里面。
另一个例子，是关于市场营销的。
【烟盒图片】
所谓市场营销，就是通过把产品与人们想要却又得不到东西联系起来，
从而促进产品的销售。
你看出它的策略了吗？
这是一个香烟品牌，
English:
a cigarette brand that made a
hit in Africa you associate the brand
to something people
want but can’t have a visa
this brand made
a big hit
so if you want to sell a beer you
put a gorgeous blonde the brain
thinks I bought the gorgeous blond
when I bought the beer it’s
unconscious and because drinking
the beer won’t satisfy his thirst
for gorgeous blonds he’ll buy another
one you’ve noticed that a lady laughed
we often say that to sell a product
to a guy you need to target the
testosterone so power
domination success and to sell
something to a woman you need to
target oestrogens like
commitment for example when cacharel
wants to sell a perfume to a lady
it calls it promise more than a perfume
a promise
I don’t invent anything I don’t draw
2765
01:30:56,910 --> 01:31:01,440
any conclusion
Chinese:
在非洲获得了巨大的成功。
烟盒上写着的是非洲青年想要，
但无法得到的东西 —— 签证，
结果获得了巨大的成功。
你想卖啤酒吗？
那就采用美女为广告主角，
大脑被吸引，产生美好的联想，
于是消费者们就买了啤酒。
“秀色可饮”，
一瓶还不够解渴，
那就再来一瓶吧。【笑声】
我看到那边的一位女士笑了。
人们常说，如果想把商品卖给一位男士，
那一定要瞄准“雄激素”做文章，
让商品具有明显的男性特征，
因为那象征着权力，支配力和成功。
卖给女性的话，
瞄准“雌激素”，注重女性情感因素。
如果你想女士们买你的香水，
要像卡夏尔(Cacharel)那样，
给香水命名为“爱的承诺”（Promesse）。
那你买到的不只只是香水……【笑】
我没有胡说，
我也不做任何结论。
English:
so if we go back to experiences of
conditioning where the goal is to
free yourself you’ve heard of
the Stanford jail experience
or not and still everyone should
have heard of it
because it’s an experience
extraordinarily interesting very
controversial at the time that doesn’t
respect rule n1 of nowadays
scientific doxa that is don’t be
part of your own
experience
it’s supposed to be rule n1 don’t be
part of it and yet still
the experimenter did it and took
a quarter of students no not only
students family men people who had
their background checked
who had no judicial antecedent
or psychiatric so he takes
a quarter and says
from now all the people to my
left you’ll play false
prisoners in false jails and all the people
to my right you’ll play false
guardians in a false jail and to play
it well he’s going to ask the
palo alto police to arrest them
to set the mood to arrest
them take a mug shot
Chinese:
让我们回到心理学实验。
在研究人性心理的实验里，
也许你们听说过“斯坦福监狱实验”，
我觉得每个人都有必要知道这个实验。
这个实验在当时引发了极大的争议，
理由之一是它没有遵守科学实验的首要原则，
即实验组织者不能参与到实验里去，
但该实验的志愿者里有组织方的学生。
此外，实验者选了一些普通的成年人：
没有犯罪前科，身体健康，没有精神病史。
志愿者们被平均分成两组，
让其中一组的人在模拟监狱里饰看守，
另一组人饰演囚犯。
为了让演囚犯的人更好地进入实验状态，
他们被真的警察“逮捕”了，
随后被带到模拟监狱。
English:
with a serial number from the side face
and everything and then he
thought that maybe in two
weeks he would begin to see
prisoners who are so into the
2802
01:32:06,480 --> 01:32:08,430
game that they would think they’re
guilty
and maybe he would see guardians
who are so into the game that
they may start we never
know to abuse from their power
and maybe in two or three
weeks
he thought that he may see if he
was vigilant enough a beginning of effect
he had to stop the experience after
72 hours because it went crazy
and he was the first because he
wasn’t playing any role he was the
the boss of the jail and he went crazy
first he started to abuse you give a
baton to someone he’ll think maybe I
could start using it you come here
he did that that is there’s the side
I’m powerful I can’t deprive them from
anything I can take away their
mattress I can cancel food
I can turn the light on in their cell
those guys have signed for it
let’s go in 72 hours there were
prisoners who really thought
they were guilty and that they
deserved their sentence and some
Chinese:
本来实验者估计需要两周，
才能观察到人性心理的变化，
比如，演囚犯的人会真的以为自己是有罪的。
然后，也许还会看到演看守的人，
也会认为自己是真的看守，
并因此而滥用看守的权力。
可事实不像预想的那样，
事后认为，实验者们应该在第三天就停下来，
因为那时实验已经失控。
实验时，为了方便监督和管理，
心理学家津巴多教授自己担任典狱长，
并对实验者产生了影响。
在这个试验中的所有人，
很快就不再能清楚地区分是角色扮演还是真正的自我。
看守们滥用权力，
他们强迫囚犯做俯卧撑，
拿走他们的饭菜，
拿走他们的枕头、毯子和床，
不给牢房照明……
不到三天，有些演囚犯的人
就真的以为自己是犯人，
不再反抗了，
而演看守的人以为自己在履行职责。
Chinese:
从来没有哪项研究能预想到这样的情况。
津巴多把这个现象称为路西法效应（l'effet Lucifier ）
在正常的情况下，不会是全部的人，
都会因为受到环境的影响而产生行为和人性的显著改变，
总有人会反抗的。
在预设的情况下，
在守卫里有一个是教授的学生，
会说停下来，
因为我们开始变得疯狂，
于是实验结束。
这样的结果是不错的，
可是，当人们不知情时，结果会很糟糕。
津巴多说：“看守们非常享受并开始滥用他们所获得的权力，
没有一种性格测试能预测到。”
所以我说，如果我们不知情，
结会就会很坏。
English:
guardians became completely
sadistic and nothing that’s the
experts conclusions
nothing in the antecedents researches
could have gave away a clue nothing
Philip zimbardo called it the lucifer
effect in right conditions you
can transform a significant part
of the population it’s never
a 100% never a 100% there’s always
someone who will rise in this
case there was a student who played
a guardian who told him stop
stop everything you’re turning
crazy and they got married later it
wasn’t supposed to be funny
so it ends well but
what I want to say is it’s when people
aren’t aware that it ends bad
in fact what really says
zimbarlo it’s that the guardians seemed
to really deeply enjoy the
power they received and no personality
test was able
to detect it so when I say
it can end badly when we don’t
English:
know it’s true because this
story happened for real it’s called
the abou ghraïb torture during the Irak
war and Philip zimbardo and this
time was for real it wasn’t an experience
what I’m showing you Iraqi
prisoners were treated this way
during more than 6 months and
zimbardo testified during the
soldiers’ trial who did this he was
right because he said you knew
that when you give too much power to
some people they’re going to
abuse it just for fun and we knew it
and moreover they were working
for the US navy
in the 70’s for the US
navy
they had the file they knew it
hasn’t been showed enough to
come back on a funnier not
it’s someone I really like
he’s called fritz wicked he
is completely crazy totally but
he was a genius a very important
American physician with swiss origins
and it’s someone who discovered
who speculated sorry the dark matter
the black energy and the
neutrons stars problem he speculated it
in the 40’s and all of that was
Chinese:
是的，历史不断重演这样的事，
比如发生在伊拉克战争期间的“阿布格莱布监狱虐囚事件”，
（Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse）
又称“美军虐待伊拉克战俘事件”。
这不是实验，是真实发生的事。
在六个月里，
美军军人就是这样对待伊拉克战俘的。
津巴多曾做为此案的专家证人，
他说：“我们知道，某些人，一旦得到过多的权力，
他们就会滥用权力，有时仅仅为了好玩。
在70年代时，我就做过相关的心理实验。
美国海军有我的实验记录，
他们是知道的。"
现在让我们来说一些轻松有趣的事的吧，
这个人，是我非常喜欢的一个人。
他是弗里茨·兹威基（Fritz Zwicky）
他是一个天才，
瑞士人，在美國做研究。
他发现了“暗物质”，发现了超新星，预言了中子星的存在。
问题是，他在四十年代时就推测暗物质的存在，
直到六十代至八十年代，才被证实。
Chinese:
他的职业生涯，由此可见一斑，
所幸他有自闭症，
所以他完全不在乎别人对他的评价。
他最厉害的骂人字眼是：
“球形浑蛋！”
这表示”无论从哪個角度看，
你都是一个浑蛋“的意思。
“spherical bastard !”
但是我所学到的知识让我知道，
“球形浑蛋并不存在”。
这是一个强大的社会定理：即使一个人再糟糕，
也会有一个角度，
透露出他的敏感和脆弱。
问题是，社会鼓励人们向身边人呈现相同的角度，
工作的时候，
甚至在家里和孩子相处的时候，
我们都倾向于只露出一个表面。
English:
discovered between the 60’s and the
80’s so obviously his career was quite
annoying but lucky for him he was
autistic
so he didn’t care at all
of what people thought of
him
and he had a favourite insult
and it was spherical bastard
spherical bastard it means no matter
the angle you’re
a bastard in fact spherical bastard
in English if there’s one thing I’ve
learned in fact I’ve learned
it’s that the spherical bastard
doesn’t exist it’s a true wisdom
the spherical bastard doesn’t
exist someone who is the worst bastard
with you there’s an angle where he
isn’t the problem is
in life we only show one angle
always when we work even to
our children we show them the same
one in a family situation
we tend to show the same angle
of ourselves and we’re almost
Chinese:
由于受习惯影响而产生的各种条框限制，
使我们呈现出来的自已看上去总是一样的。
事实上，与你有冲突的人总存在某个角度，
在这个角度下，你们可以成为朋友，
但你必须自己寻找这个角度。
这是马可·奥勒留（Marcus Aurelius）
我曾想在我的书里谈谈“神经元智慧”
事实上，这个词并不存在，
而这正是我感到奇怪的地方。
我们把神经元这个词冠名在各处，
因为神经活动参予在所有的人类活动中，
即使是体力活动，
也有神经元的参予。
神经元科学的研究很广泛，
已经与司法，政治相结合，
这是有道理的，
因为对人脑的研究有助于我们理解司法，理解政治，
理解法官做出判决的原因。
但是“神经元智慧”这个词不存在。
艾萨克·阿西莫夫（Isaac Asimov）说，
人类文明创造了很多的知识和很少的智慧，
智慧注定会消失。
他说得很有道理。
在二十世纪，我们有十足的例子：
我们的文明从科技的角度看非常先进，
而我们的智慧为零。
在非人道思想达到了的极端的同一时期，
技术水平也达到了人类历史的最高峰。
English:
blocked by rails that were built
by habits where we’re going to
show an angle that is still quite
the same
well in fact if we want to solve
conflicts we also need to be
capable of exploring humans to find
the angle where they aren’t
perfect
that’s the theorem of the spherical
asshole doens’t exist marc aurele
that’s why I wanted to talk about
neuro wisdom in my book because I was
surprised to see that it’s a
word that didn’t exist whereas
we can put neuro everywhere
because in human activity
there’re always neurons in it
even if it’s a manual one it’s an activity
there’re neurons in it we talk about
neuro justice neuropolitic and we’re right
because understanding the brain
allows to understand politic justice
the way the jury takes a
decision but the word neuro wisdom
didn’t exist whereas Isaac asimof said
a civilization that produces a lot of
knowledge and few wisdom is
doomed to extinction and he is
right
in the 20th century we saw the perfect
example of civilisations very advanced
technology and 0 wisdom
the worst inhuman civilisations of
the 20th century were also the most
Chinese:
日本的昭和天皇，
德国的纳粹，等等，
人能够在杰出的同时毫无人性。
我们有必要回顾历史，
有必要想到艾萨克·阿西莫夫的话，
这也是我创出“神经元智慧”这个词的原因。
它的意思是，
要了解你自己的大脑，
如果由别人代替你思考，
结果不一定会符合你的利益。
马可·奥勒留说过，
在他的生命中有两种权力，
一种是对自己的权力，
另一种是对他人的权力。
而且他说，对于自己的权力高于对他人的权力。
这位罗马帝国的皇帝是有道理的，
因为，如果你对他人有权力，
却对自己没有权力，
如何知道谁会对你有权力呢？
正是这点使人毛骨悚然，
如果某人有对他人的权力，
却没有对自己的权力，
这实在太令人担心了。
对柏拉图来说，
人类的灵魂是一位驾车手和双套马车。
一匹黑马，一匹白马，
黑马代表我想要的，（灵魂的理性部分）
English:
advanced in technology Diritto’s
Japan the Nazis Germany so
2950
01:37:02,160 --> 01:37:06,270
we can be advanced in technology and
be inhuman and that’s the small thing
we needed to remember and that Isaac
Azim reminded and that’s why
I wanted to invent this word neuro
wisdom
that roughly means know your
brain because if not someone else
will know it for you and it’s not
in your interest so that’s marc
aurele who said there’re two types of
powers in life in fact the power
on yourself and the power on the
others and he said that the power on
yourself was superior to the power on
the others that’s well thought
from a roman emperor at the peak of rome
and he is right that is if you have
power on others and you don’t
have power on yourself
who has power on you
that’s scary someone who has
power on others but who
doesn’t have power on himself it’s
very worrying according to Plato
the human soul is a chariot with two horses
a white and a black to simplify
the sufi said the black one it’s the me
who command and the white one it’s
the true me well the me who command
Chinese:
白马代表我需要的，（心灵的无理性部分或欲望部分）
这两者相当不同，
一般情况下，
太少的人懂得哪些是他真正需要的东西，
就像一个孩子，
如果你不给他吃棉花糖，
他自然地认为，
你存心伤害他，
他认为妈妈坏，拿走了他的糖。
但实际上，如果他吃太多的糖，
会吃坏了牙，得去看牙医……
孩子们不会使用理智。
大人有时也这样，
他们也会沉浸于某一事物，
不知道是否对他有害，
不知道自己的利益所在。
从地缘政治的角度看，
1919年在巴黎的凡尔赛宫签署的《凡尔赛条约》，
根本不符合法国的利益，
但是法国为了羞辱德国，
占领莱茵兰做为担保，
要求德国作为战争的唯一责任人——其实并不是
——对战争造成的损失和破坏负责。
法国不需要这样做，
但受自我意识驱使，
法国这样做了。
“自我”说：
我是胜利者，
由我来做决定。
以上是我的讲座的第一部分，
是最难以理解和最长的一部分，
English:
is the one who says give me what
I want and the true me is the one who
says give me what I need and they’re
not the same in general very few
people want what they need very
very few if you deprive a child
from marshmallow he will come
to the natural conclusion that you
want to harm him in fact his mom
is mean she took his pack of
candy yeah maybe but if you
had eaten the whole pack
you would have been so sick and
it would have harmed you more
well it’s the same for human in fact
the adult human and even the states
and that’s what is scary states
don’t know where their interests are
in geopolitical
it wasn’t in France’s interest
in 1919 to write the Versailles diktat
to humiliate Germany
to occupy the ruhr to force
Germany to admit that they were
the only responsible of the first
world war which is wrong it wasn’t
in France’s interest to do it
and still they did it because
their ego wanted it and our ego
is the me that command the one that says
give me what I want
it was the first part and from far the
longest the others are much
English:
more simple and practical
the abstract requires
efforts but practical
doesn’t concretely it’s a bit
like the hello kitty moment of the
presentation
I’ve got Chinese students sometimes
they’re like oh it’s so cute but because
you don’t have a heart I can see
that in fact the best remark I’ve had
in firms clubs
3024
01:39:23,810 --> 01:39:30,920
in france about this picture was
the chain is pretty Rorschach test
for CEOs so why
did I put those tiger babies
first to remind you that
playing is the most efficient
way to learn period and in neuro ethology
it’s known since the 70’s playing
is the most efficient
way to learn period why because in fact
the cleverer an animal is the
more it plays
be careful it’s a correlation not
necessarily a causal connection but
Chinese:
其余的部分相对简单。
就像前面说过的，
理解抽象的事物需要大脑做努力，
理解具体的事物，大脑不需要做努力。
为什么我要给你们看这张图片？
【图片 虎宝宝】
一方面是为了提醒你：
玩耍是最有效的学习方式！没有之一。
自上世纪七十年代以来，这已经成为神经科学的共识。
玩耍是最有效的学习方式。句号！
为什么？
首先要知道的是，
越是聪明的动物，越是善于玩耍。
要注意的是，
这两者间是相关关系，
而不是因果关系。
English:
the causal connection was proven
in fact the cleverer an animal is
the more it plays dolphins
play tigers play octopuses play
parrots play crows play of course
the cats play dogs too
the cleverer an animal is the more
it plays prey or predator play
all mammals play in fact to
learn but not only so octopuses and
crows too and in fact
the more nature has to select a
complex behaviour a difficult behaviour
like for example a chimpanzee that
collects ants in a anthill with a
baton covered in honey it’s very
technical well every time nature
has a technical behaviour to teach
it does it through playing
from breaking a nut with rocks
to using a baton to
collect ants playing
will be used by nature
3061
01:40:40,850 --> 01:40:43,730
to teach the behaviour the more
complex the more technical the more
nature will use playing why
because playing is correcting you twice a
second
adding the fact that playing has a low
entrance gate it’s very easy to
start a game it’s harder
to stop it low entrance gate high exit
gate it’s a passion of course
Chinese:
越是聪明的动物，越是善于玩耍，
海豚喜欢做游戏，
老虎喜欢游戏，
母鸡们游戏，鹦鹉们游戏，
乌鸦游戏，当然，猫爱游戏，狗也是。
捕食者跟猎物一样，在玩耍中学习，
这一行为在哺乳动物中具有普遍性，
此外，还有母鸡，乌鸦……
总之，这一行为成功地历经了数百万年的自然选择。
例如黑猩猩会用沾有蜂蜜的小树枝钓白蚁，
这个行为的技术性很强。
在大自然，为了把技术性行为灌输给后代，
都是使用玩耍的方式而达到教导的目的。
学习举起石头敲砸坚果，
或学习用小树枝钓白蚁，
总是通过玩耍来实现。
需要学习的行为越是复杂，技术要求越高，
大自然越选择以游戏的形式进行，
这是为什么?
因为游戏鼓励长时间孜孜不倦的纠错练习。
此外，进入游戏的门槛很低，
开始游戏很容易，
要想停下来却很难。
入口门槛低，出口门槛高，这是一种激情，
因此非常有效率。
Chinese:
你们知道在大自然里的竞争要比
巴黎综合工科学校的入学考试残酷得多。
在大自然里，如果你失败了，你就死了，
你没有机会等明年再来一次。
大自然里没有礼物。
在一个遵从丛林法则，
适者生存的严酷环境里，
大自然选择的最有效的学习方式是玩耍。
这些虎宝宝，如果它们不通过玩耍去学习，它们会死。
它们将不会捕猎，
它们将不去保卫自己的领地，
它们将不进行繁殖活动，
它们会死，它们的种群会灭绝。
所以对它们来说，
这不仅是严肃的，还是攸关生死的。
同时，虎宝宝的图片还说明了“萌值”的重要性。
“mignonitude”，在法语里是一个新词。
英语里有这个词“cuteness”
“萌值”能够引发成人的养育之心。
“萌值”从神经科学的角度看，
表达的意思是，
“不要害怕我，
来照顾我吧，
看看我吧。”
"萌值”是一种演化上的适应，
English:
it’s more efficient you know
nature is a bit more selective
than the entrance exam to Polytechnical
for nature if you fail you’re dead
you won’t come back next year
you’re dead so nature is not
nice in an environment
that is very mean and competitive
the jungle law the most efficient
learning behaviour that she
selected is playing because
it works if those tiger babies doesn’t
play they’ll die they won’t know
how to hunt defend their
territory or reproduce they will
die and the specie will die
too so playing is serious for them
it’s not just for fun
it teaches them to reproduce to
hunt and to defend their territory
and also those tiger babies illustrates
the importance of cuteness so in
French it’s a neologism but in English
that word exists it’s cuteness
cuteness means mignonitude in French
cuteness in neuro science
exists and it’s very precise
3098
01:41:49,220 --> 01:41:55,460
it means don’t be afraid cuteness
is a message that says don’t
be afraid
English:
take care of me look at me
cuteness is one way nature
has developed to catch others’
time and attention in fact you
think we domesticated cats but
actually they’re the ones that
domesticated us
we know that the more an
animal is domesticated the more it
stays cute as an adult wild cats
don’t purr as adults
but domesticated cats do the more an
animal is domesticated and all things
equals the longer it says
cute why because for a domesticated
animal its survival depends
on humans’ time and attention
so to attract a maximum of
humans’ attention I mean the more
it attracts humans’ time and attention
the more chances it has to survive so
the cuter it is the more chances it
has to survive especially if it’s an
animal that doesn’t watch over herds
anymore humans’ time and attention
guaranty two things food and
protection from predators
if there’s an human around there’re
less risks to get eaten by a predator
to come back on playing I’ll talk about
cuteness right after it’s a kind of
Chinese:
是为了吸引别人的关注和时间。
你们以为是人类驯化了猫吗，
其实是它们驯化了我们。
我们知道，越是被家养的动物，
当它成年时，越保持着很多它幼年时的特点，
成年后的野猫就不再发出呼噜呼噜的声音，
但家猫就有。
越萌越受宠。
为什么？因为宠物的生存取决于其主人对它的关注度和时间，
所以必须尽量地吸引主人的注意力。
越是被关注，越有利于它的生存。
于是，越是可爱，越有利于生存，
尤其是当它还能看护家蓄群的话。
对宠物们来说，
获取主人的注意力和时间，
是为了确保食物和受到保护。
先让我们回到游戏，
以后我会再谈这个问题。
这是一种看着屏幕，
Chinese:
通过使用操作手柄实行的外科手术。
屏幕和手柄，
也许会引发外科医生的提问，
玩动作类电子游戏是否能提高手术的操作能力?
我们已经做了测试。结果显示，
接受视频游戏训练的外科医生，
腹腔镜手术速度提升了35％，
所以，以后在你接受腹腔镜检查之前，
要让你的外科医生先玩动作电子游戏“热身”。
现在回到“萌值”这个问题，
虎宝宝图片传递了二个信息，
第一个信息是游戏是最好的学习方式，
这也是人们在模拟器上培训飞行员的原因之一。
另一个信息是“萌值”的重要性。
这个图片显示的是，
左边的照片是萌值高的，
相对的，右边的照片是萌值低的。
为了提高实验的严谨性，
既有成人的照片，也有幼儿的照片。
这是为了表明，
不仅仅是孩子被认为可爱，
成人也是，
且有一定的标准可寻。
English:
surgery that gets done with
controllers and a screen it didn’t take
long before there was a
3135
01:43:02,870 --> 01:43:05,420
surgeon who asked maybe
surgeons who play
action video games will be
more efficient they’ve made tests
and surgeons who play action video
games are 35% more efficient
on laparoscopic surgery so much that
the study concluded that if you needed
this surgery ask your surgeon if
he plays video
games
and now let’s watch the cuteness
question so the second message
of those babies tiger the first one
being playing is the most efficient
way to learn if not civil
aviation wouldn’t learn on
simulators and the other message is
the importance of cuteness
that’s what show this publication
you can see here you’ve got pictures with
on your left a high cuteness
compared to a low one on the right
and to be perfectly rigorous
they’ve put young and
adults
to show that it’s not only
because it’s a
child that it’s cuter but
even between children pictures
Chinese:
研究结论，显然是，
大大的眼睛、高高的额头等被认为最可爱。
结果表明，可爱的肖像得到的关注多，
这是通过利用眼动追踪仪，
能够知道眼睛的注视点而得到的结果。
我们得到的数据显示，
越是可爱，获得的"At"越多。
为什么？
因为如果婴儿不可爱，人类就灭绝了。
可爱的婴儿给我们的第一个信息是：
和睡懒觉说拜拜。 【笑】
因为我们人类一方面是两足动物，
另一方面我们人类有着相对很大的大脑，
虽然不是所有动物中最大的，
但相对体型，我们的大脑相当大。
如果你看到大猩猩的头颅，
English:
and adults pictures they put
high and low cuteness and obviously
the conclusion of this study is
according to the criteria you can
see here that is cuteness
is mainly a large
forehead big eyes ect
3172
01:44:10,260 --> 01:44:15,880
well cute pictures are more watched
that’s it cute pictures are more
watched when you use an
eye tracker glasses that follow
the look you can observe that what’s
cute capture more TA
why we have to be clear if babies
weren’t cute the human specie
would have disappeared the first
message of a baby is still lie-ins
are over if he isn’t cute
after that it’s going to be complicated
to negotiate so why because us
humans are bipeds on one hand
and on another one us humans have
big enough brains not the biggest
English:
of the animal reign but we’ve got a
big enough brain if you see a gorilla’s
skull in fact the gorilla has
a bony crest at the top of its head with
two recesses on the side that
hides muscles in fact the gorilla
has muscles at the top of his head
see a gorilla it’s soft on the top it has
a muscle there because the gorilla
has a gigantic muscle to bit
gorillas are one of the best
bitters of the creation with polar
bears believe me well
those muscles take
room on the potential
size the brain could have had
it’s two muscles that digs a hole
in the skull and the gorilla obviously
needs to bite because it’s
essentially a quadruped not all the
time but most of it
so quadruped
well they have rather short
hips on the waist and
muscles to bite but humans are
biped so their brain has room to
develop because their hands are
free they can cut their meat
cook it and so the brain
develops itself very well but because he
is a biped well his hips can’t be
too large either because bipeds
Chinese:
在雄性大猩猩的颅骨顶部有一个脊状凸起，
在这个脊的两边分别长着肌肉，
也就是说大猩猩的头顶上有肌肉，
它头顶上摸上去软软的地方是两块咀嚼肌肉。
因为大猩猩有这样巨型的咀嚼肌，
所以它有着动物中首屈一指的强大咬合力，
和北极熊不相上下。
正是这两块巨大的肌肉，
使颅骨向下凹陷，占用了空间，
局限了本来可能发展的大脑。
大猩猩需要强大的咬合力，
因为它是四足动物，
虽然偶尔摇摇晃晃地直立行走，
但总体上是用四足行进的，
所以它们有着较短的骨盆，
和强大的咬肌。
相反，人类是双足行走的，大脑高度发达，
这是因为，直立行走解放了双手，
我们可以使用双手切肉，烹调食物，
促进了大脑的成长。
为了适应双足交替行走的方式，
骨盆不能太宽，否则会站立不稳。
就这样，狭窄的骨盆，巨大的头颅，
Chinese:
要想婴儿能顺利出生，只有一个办法，
那就是带着一个发育尚未完全的大脑出生。
人类大脑在出生时没有发育完毕，
出生后的前6个年头，大脑发育最迅速，
整个发育期大约到了21岁才能完成。
这就意味着孩子是非常脆弱的，
因为他的大脑还没发育好，
所以在很长的一段时间里，
孩子无法独自生存，
所以我们必须照顾他。
要想让别人照顾他，
他就必须可爱。
萌值是生存的客观需要，
一个可爱的宝宝传递出来的信息是
“照顾我吧”。
萌值非常重要，
我之所以要谈论它，
是因为它与技术发展有很大的关系，
【图片】
你会把你的孩子交给哪个图里的机器人照顾？【笑声】
创造新科技的人很了解这个情况。
他们知道，要想让用户接受他们的创新产品，
English:
can’t have hips
too large so a big brain and
limited hips there’s
only one option actually it’s to
give birth to a brain that isn’t
finished yet and that’s what’s happening
for humans we give birth to a brain that
isn’t finished and that makes
most of its developing post
partum by the way most of it until
21
so it means that children are
weak because their brains aren’t
finished children aren’t capable of
surviving alone for a long
time so we have to take care of them
to take care of them they need to be
cute because cuteness is
the coupling between the brain and the
cute thing so the
baby said take care of me
I’m cute cuteness is very serious
actually and why am I
talking about it sorry that was the
subject roughly regarding
technologies to which robots would
3246
01:46:45,330 --> 01:46:48,320
you give your children
and innovators understood it well
that is in technology we know
that if we want a technology
Chinese:
就得把产品设计得可爱。
当一件新科技看上去很可爱，
我们就不那么害怕它。
有一个典型的例子，
那就是苹果公司，
这就是他们的王牌，
因为他们在设计产品时，
注意到了这种微妙的心理影响，
在购买者和产品之间创造了一种感情，
致使人们愿意付更多的钱购买它。
以这件在80年代设计的产品为例，
它有圆圆的边角，
白色的塑料，像其它玩具那样，
软盘驱动器看起来像在微笑，
所有这些向你传递了这样的信息：
“不要害怕我”。
一项新技术不是因为它能运行而被接受，
而是当人们不再害怕它时，它才被接受。
因为新技术开始运行时，
比之于显得可笑，它更显得什么？
它更显得危险。
有多少新技术，正如我们之前提到的，
在一开始时不被人接受，
是因为它让人感到害怕。
再例如，还是关于萌值，
English:
to be adopted it needs
to be cute because when a
technology is cute we’re less
afraid it means don’t be afraid of
cuteness and typically the kings in
that area are apple that’s why
they’re that rich actually
it’s because there’s a very subtle
psychological dimension in the way
they design their products resulting
that people are ready to pay
more and there’s an emotional
bond created with the object for
example that design in the 80’s what
does it tell you don’t be afraid
it has round edges
white plastic it’s a toy
it also says hello and the floppy
drive looks like a smile
a technology isn’t adopted
when it works it’s adopted
when it ceases to scare
because when a technology
works
it’s not ridiculous anymore given that
it works but what is it dangerous
how many technologies I’ll show
you that later weren’t adopted
whereas they worked because they
were scary
Chinese:
这是一个中国警方的宣传图片。
布热津斯基（波兰语Brzeziński）——
曾任卡特政府的国家安全顾问，
曾经说过：“现今，杀死一百万人要比统治百万人容易得多。”
现在的中国有十三亿人口，
要治理十三亿人口，这绝非易事。
且不说其它，无论如何，
他们已经有了一定的管理艺术——就像这张图，
交警开给你一张罚款单，
你将为此付出你一周的工资，
但是，这些漫画风格的交警，
他们很可爱，
有着大大眼睛和宽宽的额头，
他们对你说，你将被扣去四分……
这很有效，统计证明，
它能有效地减少攻击性，
因为当我们面对一个较为可爱的刺激物时，
我们的攻击性较弱。
English:
for example the cuteness that’s
the case of the Chinese Brzezinski
the advisor Jimmy Carter’s Dark Vador
Brzezinski said it’s easier
nowadays to kill one million
people than to govern one million
people
well if I wanted to make bad
jokes I would say that Chinese
tried both but today they try to
to govern one billion three hundreds
million people and it’s hard
to govern one billion three hundreds
millions well I didn’t say they were
doing it well that’s another subject
but in any case they acquired quite an
experience on how to govern one
billion three hundreds millions
people and so when they give you
a fine that equals a one week
salary
they’re cute that is here you’ve got
a policeman very cute type manga
with big eyes big forehead
that tells you you just lost
4 points that’s on me it works
we know that statistically it
reduces
aggressiveness because when we’re
English:
confronted to something cute we’re
less aggressive that’s neuro ergonomy
that’s why I’m talking about it
it’s typically a case when if you don’t
know your brain someone will
for you and it’s not in your
own interest actually
al Capone said we obtain much
more with a nice word and a gun than
with a nice word alone it’s true last
time at the grocery shop no sorry
3320
01:49:25,160 --> 01:49:29,030
it’s also true the other way round
that’s also what’s interesting we obtain
much more with a gun and a nice
word than with a gun alone
that’s what demonstrates all
those posters for example when you go
to New Zealand five months ago
I had a conference in new
Caledonia New Zealand and New
Zealand let’s say you just did
a 14 hours plane ride and you
have to wait three hours because
they have very precise sanitary
tests
it’s normal they have a very
specific biodiversity an invasive
specie mustn’t arrive
Chinese:
这就是神经人体工程学，
这就是我要跟你们说的。
如果你不了解自己的大脑，
了解它的人会替你做决定，却往往不符合你的利益。
艾尔·卡彭说过
“温柔的话语加上一支手枪所能得到的，
比只说温柔的话语所能得到的多很多。"
完全正确。【笑】
其实倒过来说也是正确的：
“温柔的话语加上一支手枪所能得到的，
比只用一支手枪所能得到的多很多。"
就像这张宣传画的示范效果。
再如，当你去新西兰时，
五个月前我去那边做过讲座，
经过14个小时飞行，终于到了到了新西兰机场，
但你要等待3个小时才能离开机场，
因为你必须通过严格的卫生检查。
对新西兰这样全球生物多样性最为丰富的地区，
这样做是很正常的，
是为了避免自然生态环境被入侵物种破坏。
Chinese:
如果查出带有动植物寄生虫的植物和食物，
就要交数额巨大的罚款，
最高达90万美元的罚款。
像是鞋底上粘的土壤，吃剩的苹果核，
可能会让你被罚一千美元，
这些都是在你踏进新西兰之前可能发生的。
为了向乘客做宣传，一般有两种方案，
要么在告示牌上大大地写上罚款一千元，
要么你放置这可爱的卡通动物，
这只小狗是机场的卡通代言人，名叫“好男孩”。
它在屏幕上向乘客们解释卫生检查的具体事项，
应该怎样做才能避免麻烦，尽快地通过检查。
这个宣传效果很好，这正是萌值起的作用。
再看看台湾人的做法，
自從台北1996年推廣“垃圾不落地”以來，
使用垃圾车播放贝多芬的音乐。
每当贝多芬名曲《致爱丽丝》自窗外传来，
许多台湾人第一个动作就是──拿起垃圾往外冲，
English:
on their soil so the slightest thing
that has a small organic
debut
it’s a fee of I don’t remember how much
but it’s huge it’s around
900 thousands dollars
right away so dirt under your shoe
an apple core whatever you
want it can go till 1000 dollard
of fee
right away you haven’t even
entered the country yet that you’re already
paying so to communicate that kind
of message there’re two solutions either
you put huge signs 1000
dollars in your face if you don’t
cooperate or you put this
lovely small animation character
named officer good boy
that’s a dog name that will
3357
01:50:35,210 --> 01:50:40,160
tell you on a screen how he is going
to nicely control if you don’t have
too much dirt under your
shoes and not too many apple cores
in your bag and it works
because cuteness works
actually the Tawainese when they
wanted to collect rubbish
in Taipei they made sure the
garbage truck plays
Beethoven a garbage truck
that plays Beethoven because you
English:
have to take out the trash
right when they pass by because of the
tropical climate
it would smell really bad especially
in small streets it would reduce
restoration it’s not really nice to
enter a restaurant with a bad
smell of rotten fish at the entrance
you have to let and I’m not even talking
about typhoons if the trash stayed
outside for too long and they’re
taken away
so the trash needs to go right away into
the garbage truck so to encourage
people to go down 20 floors
they made sure the truck was
playing Beethoven and cuteness
also works for
bigger technologies like the
urban ones for example that’s the
tramway in Casablanca
it was also adopted because it was
cute and it was the cutter of the call
for tenders
of course it was also working
3394
01:51:37,719 --> 01:51:40,570
it was functional and powerful it has
its specifications but it was
also cute so to be adopted it’s
better same for tesla when they
did their home automation battery
with round angles battery if poorly
maintained could make your house
explode so it better be
round and cute
otherwise when a technology isn’t
Chinese:
要赶在卡车开走之前把垃圾扔进去。
因为台湾的季风气候，
平均气温高，雨水量相当大，
垃圾放置没多久，
就会腐败变臭。
我还没有说放在街道边的垃圾，
如果再遇到台风，
你可以想象它们被吹到各处的情形，
所以，必须把垃圾直接倒入垃圾车里。
为了鼓励人们从20层的楼上下来倒垃圾，
就有了播放贝多芬的卡车。
萌值的概念也应用在城市规划里，
例如，卡萨布兰卡的有轨电车，
它之所以被选中，是因为它可爱，
它是所有投标产品里是最可爱的，
当然，它的性能也很优良，动力强，功能全，
它不仅符合规格要求，而且还很可爱。
特斯拉发布的电动汽车家用壁挂式充电器，
圆形的边角，使它看上去很可爱。
另一方面，如果技术产品不可爱，会怎样？
English:
cute here’s what happens that’s
Antikythera machine an analogic
computer
from when Julius Caesar was 14
I’m not telling you something
borderline it’s pure archaeology
we discovered this mechanism in
the 60’s 70’s I think in sub marine
archaeology in Greece and
it’s a machine as
complicated as the Nazis’ enigma
machine during world war
II
let’s say to be precise it’s
somewhere between Pascal’s pascaline
and the Nazis’ enigma machine in
terms of complex algorithm it’s
the equivalent of a
Mac book air during Jesus Christ
it’s the same gap and that machine well
it ended up like that you have
a connexion diagram of one
cogs of a cogs
series sorry it’s a bit complex
let’s admit it and it predicted
eclipses but it was non discernable
from magic and because it was non
discernable from it well it disappeared
people got scared of it Eole’s ball
or aeolosphere it’s just a steam
machine in Alexandria in
Chinese:
这是安提基特拉机械，可谓当时的“电脑”，
该机械的制造年代约在公元前150到100年之间，
那时，凯撒大约14岁。
该机器是于1901年在希腊安提基特拉岛附近的安提基特拉沉船里发现的。
该机器内含多个齿轮，
其复杂程度堪比纳粹在二战期间使用的恩尼格玛密码机。
当然这不是绝对意义上的复杂度比较，
我只是想说明这个机械的先进程度与那个时代的反差有多大，
这个“古希腊的电脑”在当时，好比“Macbook air”出现在耶稣生活的年代里。
这是现代科学家们绘制的安提基特拉机械齿轮配置图，
这只是其中一个齿轮的内部配置信息，
都已经如此复杂。
该机械是为了计算天体在天空中的位置而设计的，
可以追踪日食日食，
由于它过于神奇，跟无法捉摸的魔术一样，
使人们感到害怕，
所以，它很快就消失了。
这是埃及托勒密王朝时，
亚历山大港的希罗发明的汽转球。
English:
ancient Egypt
so this steam machine during
the 3rd century in Egypt
not even I think it’s 2nd century
I couldn’t tell you Héron from
Alexandria had created this
there was a temple Heole’s temple
and the idea was to make
a lot of cash
like many times in ancient
religions
I said ancient so the goal was
to create something when you
made a donation a priest was
coming lit a fire and
miraculously one minute after the doors
were opening like magic and in
fact how does it work well it was
a steam machine that is here you can
see the basic process there’s a
cauldron closed of course with
water inside it and there’re pipes
that go to the ball and around the
ball you’ve got pipes that
turn when you lit a fire and it
actuated a transmission
belt with pulleys it was
a steam machine in ancient times and
as much as I know the industrial
revolution didn’t happen at that
Chinese:
它是一部蒸汽机，
比工业革命早二千年制造。
亚历山大港的希罗还造了一个神庙，
就像其它的古代宗教一样，
建造目的当然是为了收钱，
请注意，我说的是古代宗教。
当来访者走到庙前，庙门紧闭。
想要进入，必须在门外的祭坛上点一把火。
随后就跟变魔术一样，
一分钟后，门奇迹般地自动打开了。
希罗设计的这个装置，其工作原理也是利用了水蒸汽：
火燃烧时加热空气，
祭坛下密闭空箱内的热空气膨胀，
气压升高，
通过管子进入一个密闭球体。
球体内有水，
水被汽压压入旁边的吊桶内。
吊桶下降，
联动两根柱子转动，
就转开了寺庙的门。
这是一个带滑轮的，以蒸气为动力的装置，
那时没有工业革命的概念，
English:
time because this was indiscernible
from magic same principle he even
called it Heole’s balls like he called it
that way as if Heole himself had
given it to him because they were
friends don’t even try to do it because
thunders might hit you and that
was the stake that is an inventor
at that time couldn’t show
how his creations worked
so he couldn’t make them
cute and when you don’t make an
invention cute it disappeared
an other example is Bagdad’s battery
something crazy an electric battery
created by the Sassanid before
the 7th century in the actual Persia
I mean Iraq now Persia at the time
among the Sassanid 7th century
an electric battery
we don’t know its use at all
a priori not to charge an
I phone but we know it worked
either to do electroplating I don’t
remember exactly how we
say it but something to plate metal
or we think it was for an
initiatory ceremony in a temple
like abracadabra you
owe me 100 bucks and
it worked during the 8th century
Chinese:
像汽转球这样新奇的玩物，
并未予以任何实际应用。
在古代，这种像魔术般难以琢磨的东西，
常会遭来嘲笑。
在那个时代，如果你发明了什么东西，
不需要向人揭示它的工作原理，
当然也就不需要考虑它是否可爱，
但是因为它不可爱，
所以消失得很快。
这个奇怪的东西是巴格达电池，
约在七世纪萨桑王朝时被制造的，
1932年在伊拉克的巴格达附近被发现。
我们不知道它是用来做什么的，
无需经验，就知道它不是用来给手机充电的，
但它是实用的。
它是通过把金属片浸在溶液里，
使金属片之间产生电流，
可能是为了用在某种宗教仪式上。
在八世纪的时候就有这样的东西，
实在是太不可思议了。
English:
that’s what crazy it wasn’t
adopted because it was
indiscernible from magic otherwise
people who want technology
to be quickly and well adopted
how do they do they make it cute
apple sells more watches than the
entire Switzerland today the whole
Switzerland sells less watches than apple why
because it’s the cutest on the market
it’s round angles a small
recast
even mickey’s on it it’s cool guys who
sell you a connected watch that checks
your heart rate knows your
appointment of the day what
you’ve done are in the middle of a
scandal with NSA we know
since Snowden’s revelations that
NSA spy on literally everybody
it’s a bit dumb because there’s just
a small piece of paper that we’ve signed
after the war they sell us a watch
that’s intimate linked to us in
the middle of a scandal with the NSA
I’d like to say it’s brilliant in fact
Chinese:
它没有被人们接受，
也因为它跟魔术一样难以捉摸。
如果要让新科技被人们很快地接受，该怎么做？
让产品显得可爱。
苹果销售的手表比瑞士销售的所有手表都要多。
这是为什么呢？因为它是市场上最可爱的手表。
圆润的边缘，
将表盘设置成米老鼠……
太酷了！
苹果还发布过一款智能手表，
能够监测你的心率，
它可以记录你全天的各项数据。
斯诺登向媒体揭露了美国政府的绝密电子监听计划，
使我们知道了NSA(美国国家安全局)利用
各大技术公司的网络数据（苹果也在其中），
监视每一个人。
你们知道植入心脏起搏器吧，
Chinese:
但你们知道巴纳比·杰克吗？
这位天才黑客曾经发现了广泛使用的胰岛素泵存在缺陷。
他计划在8月1日的黑客大会上演示如何入侵心脏起搏器。
7月25日杰克在美国旧金山突然死亡，
死因是吸毒过量。
对此我不加评论。
杰克原本要在大会上演示的是
如何利用安全漏洞使植入型心脏起搏器失灵。
如同一部美剧里的情节一样，
一个杀手在十米开外不动声色地暗杀他的目标。
在美剧里，杀手曾说必须知道心脏起搏器唯一的设备序列号后，
才能进行远程控制。
但杰克曾对记者说过，
虽然他认为电视剧情“非常真实”，
但在生活里，真实情况更简单——
“他们还需要获得设备序列号，而我的演示什么都不需要”。
我曾为一家名为Cylance的美国公司工作，
它是一个做杀毒软件的公司。
该公司的网络安全负责人说，
在总统大选期间，完全可能存在黑客扰乱选举过程。
这是当然的，任何系统都会有弱点。
English:
today you can hack a
pacemaker Barnaby jack a great
American actor managed to
hack a pacemaker and an insulin
pump and the guy describes he had
to give a conference in San Francisco on
that subject he died of an overdose in an
hotel in San Francisco and Barnaby
Jack I’ll make no comment on that
death it was the day before he had to
explain how he was doing it and
so Barnaby Jack was explaining
right before to the journalists who were
following him that in fact there’s a
24 hours episode where they
do this but it’s fictional and in
this 24 hours episode they say
shoot we need the pacemaker’s
serial number or we’re stuck and actually
Barnaby Jack said to the journal that
3542
01:56:37,030 --> 01:56:39,850
in real life it’s even more
simple you don’t need the serial
number
I’ve worked for an American company
named silent that did antivirus
and the boss I mean and the
chief hacking officer the hackers’ boss
in this company just hacked the
voting machine right during Trump’s
elections just showed it was
possible yes of course it’s possible
what do you think no system is
Chinese:
他举例说，黑客可以入侵集装箱船的系统，
在卸货时把集装箱投入海里。
所以，在伴随着各种泄密丑闻的世道里，
如果你想你的新科技产品被大众接受，
让人不产生害怕的感觉，实在是很有必要的。
终于，进入到最后一个部分，
也就是最简单的部分。
在我的书里有一个词“神经法西斯主义”
我对“神经法西斯主义”的定义是：
一个要求我们的大脑只服务于生产率的社会。
你的梦想，你的渴望，全部无足轻重，
你的大脑只为生产率服务。
我的职业是顾问，
今天人们已经在像谈论“脑汁”交易一样谈论顾问职业了，
我很讨厌这种表达，
这意指该职业只是为了尽可能地榨取大脑的能力，
English:
invulnerable he was saying you can
hack
a container ship’s ballasts
so you can ballast a container
ship at sea when it’s charged
and it’s game over so in the
middle of that scandal your technology
if you want it to be adopted better
say don’t be afraid
last part the simplest in my
book I’ve made a lot of
friends when I talked about a word
named neuro fascism and I define
neuro fascism as a society where
your brain is only useful to
productivity it’s over you’re a
brain on a stick we don’t care
about your dreams your aspirations
your brain is only useful to
productivity
well my job is consultant it
doesn’t mean I have an
important position in India
you want some and the consultant
job many people call it
3579
01:57:52,670 --> 01:57:56,280
brain juice
I hate that expression brain juice
that is roughly you put your brain
Chinese:
而这就是神经法西斯主义，
即：人体（尤其是大脑）只服务于生产率。
也就是：“如果你不能服务于GDP（国内生产总值），你就一无事处”，
我认为这样的社会就是神经法西斯主义社会。
听上去是反乌托邦的，
但在现实里，有很多国家正在慢慢地走向它。
在中国，学生们开始服用兴奋剂，如“利他林”。
“利他林”是一种中枢神经系统兴奋剂，
做为处方药，它被广泛应用于注意力缺失症。
虽然此药受到严格的管理，但因其号称能“增强考生记忆力”，
每逢重大考试，一些家长都会四处找这种药给孩子吃，
特别是在大学入学考试前。
中国的教育竞争是如此的剧烈，
学区划分政策颁布以来，
不少家庭为了替子女选择理想的学校，
不惜重金，到重点学校、名校所在社区购置房产，
English:
in the press and you get a
milkshake it’s dirty it’s
disgusting it’s what the neuro fascism
is about actually it would be the idea
that the human body the brain in particular
but the human body is only meant for
productivity that’s it that is
if you’re not useful to GDP you’re
useless that to me would be a neuro
fascist society and it seems
dystopian but in fact there’re a lot
of countries where they slowly go
that way in the Chinese educational
system they start to have doping
that is they’ve got students who
take Ritalin which is
normally prescribed for attention
troubles on which I will only
pronounce myself if you mention them
during the question part on which
I at least have my personal opinion
but Ritalin is used as
doping during Chinese national exams
and the education stakes in China
are so big that in fact the school
map quintupled the price of the
square meter for some flats in
Shanghai and Beijing
because it’s still zoning so some
Chinese:
在上海和北京，有些“学区房”价格比非学区房高五倍。
由此造成了房地产业的“学区房热”，
有些房产公司专门买卖学区房，
他们了解各分区里的所有学校排名，师资等信息，
真的很惊人。
十三亿人口的中国好像一个大实验室，
这意味着每有一个问题都要乘以十三亿，
任何问题都会变得很显著。
结果，在中国，在一些考试前需要做兴奋剂检测，
来确定你是否服用了利他林。
对我来说，这是一种慢慢接近神经法西斯主义的表现，
我们最好能提前做出反应。
啊，我的个人感受， 【图片】
这是一个美丽的雕塑。
我的个人观点，
打分生活和真实生活的区别就是木马和真马的区别。
English:
parents were ready to buy a
flat in this or that area
as soon as they saw that
this school was better so it created
real estates bubbles completely
crazy with agencies specialized
in information retrieval
on which school was the best which
high school was the best
mind blowing things
China is a laboratory because
all human failings are multiplied
by one billion three hundreds
millions
so you can see them right
away today
during some Chinese tests
3628
01:59:25,050 --> 01:59:28,380
drug tests are made to check
if you’re under Ritalin
or not according to me we’re slowly
entering the neuro fascism
but precisely it’s good to start
acting now before we’re deeply into it
my personal opinion this sculpture
is very beautiful but my personal opinion
yes I said this sculpture my personal
opinion is that graded life is to real
life what wooden horse is to real
horse I’m aware it’s a
English:
highly controversial opinion that
is according to me graded life is as
relevant to real life than the wooden
horse is relevant to the real
horse this one is stylish it
looks good it’s proportionated it
teaches you things a wooden horse can
teaches you many things on a real horse
there’s no debate on that
you can learn to stand on it
then to stay longer on it you
learn things about the
real
horse with a wooden one
but you can also outdo yourself on
a real horse without ever seeing
a wooden worse of your life you know
we grade everything today it’s not
only at school we grade states’ debts
triple a and we know it’s completely
fake in triple a’s case
I mean if there’s a thing where
we’ve seen it was fake all along it’s
the grade of the sovereigns’ debts
and the obligations
3665
02:00:43,500 --> 02:00:46,680
but today we’re so
conditioned to react to labels that
I’m convinced at some point you’ll
be able to write great wines of
Bordeaux on a Coca Cola bottle and
people will buy it as such because
we were conditioned to react
to what’s written
not to what it really is the true nature
Chinese:
我有充分的心理准备，这会是一个引发争议的观点。
你们看到的木马很美，比例匀称，
我们能够通过木马，学到很多真马的知识，
关于这点不会有什么争议。
你可以学习骑马，
保持姿势骑在木马上，
你甚至可以成为行家里手，
哪怕你从来没有见过真正的马。
你们知道的，现在的生活里，一切都被打分。
不只有学校对我们打分，
连国家也被打分，
我们对国债进行打分，
“3A级"，
这不正常，
因为国债的发行主体是国家，所以它本就具有最高的信用度。
但今天的我们就是这样，只认标签。
如果我们真的那么相信那些标签，
我相信某天，如果把波尔多葡萄酒标签贴在可乐瓶上，
人们会把它当作是波尔多葡萄酒来买。
因为我们对标签存在强烈的条件反射性，
而不它真实的品质。
English:
of what’s in the bottle actually
you know at some point
it was how we learnt swimming
but it existed
I started by telling you
Napoleon soldiers’ shoes
there was no right or left
and slowly it was a long and
slow revolution to start putting
a slight difference between right
and left but swimming at some
point was learnt that way we know
it’s not the right method
now but we transmitted this
notion in English for example the my
tailor is rich
it’s exactly it and today
informatics for a while
when I was a student we were
learning on a bench on a white board
we were writing the code and then
copying what was on the white board
in our textbooks that’s not how we
learn informatics actually the
best computer scientists in the 70’s
80’s Elon Musk in particular so
Tesla’s CEO
it’s people who learnt it at a time
3702
02:01:50,490 --> 02:01:53,610
when video games were delivered
on paper that is there was a time
quite short when a video game was
Chinese:
你知道吗？
曾经，这是我们学习游泳的方式。
我一开始说过，起初，拿破仑军队的鞋是不分左右的，
然后一点一点地，左脚和右脚开始有微小的差别，
这个过程是很漫长的。
就是这样，我们曾经是这样学游泳的，
而现在我们知道这不是一个好的学习方法。
同样在英语学习里也有这个现象，
例如：« My tailor is rich»
【出现在法国电影《警察在纽约》里】
当代，我们开始有计算机技术。
在相当长的一段时间里，
当我还是学生时，
我们要把写黑板上的代码，
全部抄到自己的笔记本里，
我们就是这样学习计算机的。
比如，特斯拉老板，伊隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）
就是在七十，八十年代时学习电脑的，
那时的视频游戏是发行在纸上的，
虽然那段时间很短，
但曾经，视频游戏程序是发行在纸上的，
大约有30到80页，
Chinese:
为了玩游戏，你必须先把纸上的内容一字一句地输入到机器里，
而且在当时，没有倒退键，
这也就是说，万一在打好的文本里发现拼写错误，
就需要从最后往前删除到有错的地方，
然后再重新输入。
所以问问我们自己，怎样以符合人体工效学的方式来学习？
这个概念是非物质性的，需要付出一定的努力，
可以通过寓言或隐喻，比喻等来理解，
刚才的木马，很优美，
但它也可能会是这样——
一匹在你大脑里的特洛伊木马。
对电脑黑客来说，特洛伊木马能侵入你的电脑，
对大脑黑客来说，这匹木马能侵入你的大脑。
如果你已经受到影响，
如果你是在到受影响的情况下做的选择，
那“选择”这个词就变得没有意义了。
这不是我说的，
是思想家伊德里斯・沙赫（Idries Shah）说的，
English:
delivered on a 30 to 80 pages book
with the code you had to retype in
the machine and at that time there
was no erase key that
means if there was a spelling
mistake you had to erase
everything till the mistake and I
can assure you it created you some
ayatollahs on grammar coding aged
11 so let’s interrogate ourselves on just
this ergonomic of learning I told you
learning is immaterial so to
consider it well you need to
make an effort and it may be good to
do allegories or metaphors or
parables because yes the wooden
horse well the one I showed you is
cool but it can also become
that one that is a wooden horse
in your brain for hackers
a wooden horse is something
that allows them to access your
machine it’s the same for brain
hacking if you’re conditioned
the word choice can lost its sense if
you start choosing what you’ve
been conditioned to choose
I didn’t say this it’s one of my great
mentors Idriss Cha
I’m called Idriss as a reference to him
English:
actually and he clearly said the
word choice can lost its sense if
people choose what they’ve been
conditioned to choose so imagine
3739
02:03:08,780 --> 02:03:13,280
you’re in a five stars hotel
facing an unlimited buffet
I’m talking the buffet of your life
there’s everything salad bar vegan option
roasted meet sushi foot massage
everything
and then imagine you’re hungry so
you’re in paradise let’s not say you’re
in paradise but there’re people who
would call it paradise
and now imagine that the butler
comes and says you have to eat
everything anything you leave
will be counted on the final check
in other words in this case you’ll pay
what you haven’t eaten not what
you’ve eaten you’ll be sanctioned
on that you’ll be sanctioned on what
you haven’t eaten and if you let
too much not only you’ll pay a
gigantic check but moreover you’ll
be kicked off the hotel we’ll do
Chinese:
我的名字就是从这里引用的。
想象一下你身处一家五星级酒店，
面对着开放式自助餐台，
注意，你人生的自助餐台上——
海鲜，烤肉，寿司……足部按摩——应有尽有。
总之，饥肠辘辘的你到了“天堂” 。
也许你不认为是天堂，但许多人会觉得这是天堂。
现在，想象一下主厨突然现身，
大喊到：“你必须全部吃掉！全部！”
剩下的每一盘菜都要付钱，
也就是说，你要付钱的不是你吃掉的，而是你没吃的。
如果你没有吃的菜太多，
不仅账单上的金额高得惊人，
English:
a guard of honour to humiliate you
actually we’ll be all around you
singing you’re cheap you didn’t
finish the buffet and then the
butler shows you on his watch
that by the way you have one hour
because someone else did it before you
in one hour so we know it’s possible
and now you’re in hell
the buffet hasn’t changed it’s the
same one but rules have
changed there’s rule number 1 and
then rule number 2 one is
paradise and the other one is hell
we were able to go from paradise
3776
02:04:30,619 --> 02:04:35,170
to hell just by changing the rules
but by keeping the same content
obviously if I told you I don’t know
if this situation happened to your kids
once in their life that someone is holding
them hostage and force them to
eat an entire buffet on pain of
sanctions if this had happened even to
you you’ll be under medical surveillance for
10 years and yet if I told you
Chinese:
你还会被赶出酒店，颜面扫地，成为笑柄。
随后，主厨拿出表来，
补充道：“你有一个小时！
因为有人在你之前做到过，
所以我们知道这是有可能的。”
现在，你不再身处天堂，而是掉进了地狱。
自助餐没变，
改变的只是游戏规则。
1号规则，2号规则，
一个是天堂，一个是地狱。
从天堂到地狱，一样的内容，不一样的规则。
很明显，如果我假设这种情况发生在你的孩子身上，
如果他不能飞快地吞下餐台上所有的食物，
他会受到处罚，
或者它发生在你身上，
你对食物的感觉会彻底颠覆，
恐怕经过十年的治疗也恢复不了。
但是，我可以向你保证，你已经经历过，
English:
that it already happened to you not
for a day but for 3000 days in
your life what would this situation
I just described be
many times in teaching you’re
sanctioned not on what you’ve
eaten but on what you haven’t
eaten no one had a 20/20
GPA
and there was also a completely
crazy time of negative grades
negative grades means you should
have done nothing imagine
you’re the manager of an
agricultural fair
and your job in life is to make
people eat as much local products
as possible
so you manage an exhibition
centre full of diverse local
products and your goal
in life is to make people
eat as much as you can to fulfil
your goal according to you
what’s better make them form
a line with a 12 gauge gun
Chinese:
不是在某一天，而是在成千上万个日子里。
我说的这种经历是什么？
这种经历叫作“教育”。
在学校，类比自助餐，我们获得的分数不是针对们所吃的，
而是针对我们没吃的，
没人能获得满分，
因为这相当于吃完自助餐台上的所有食物。
还有更出奇的，以前还曾有学生获得负分，
意思是——你做得比什么都不做还要差。
【笑】
想象一下，你是农业展的经理，
你的工作就是确保每个人，吃尽可能多的当地的农产品。
展览会里充满了各种各样的风土食产品，
为了实现你的目标，
你会怎么做呢？
你会选择用枪指着他们，强迫他们吃呢？
Chinese:
还是把展览摊位组织得有声有色，
唤起人们的食欲以确保人们吃得多呢？
你认为哪种方法更有效？
你们知道吗？我们称消化系统为“第二大脑”。
因为它是继“第一大脑”之后，神经元数量最多的身体器官。
我们的消化系统吸收食物的自然方式是愉悦的，
吃东西对谁来说都不是一件苦差事，
午餐时间更是一个休息时间，
是一个令人满足的时间。
这对我们的第一大脑来说是一样的，
我们天生喜欢学习，喜欢以自然的方式学习。
孩子们会不停地提问，
为什么天空是蓝色的？
为什么植物是绿色的？
因为我们的大脑天生就有学习欲望。
我们可以毁掉这种欲望，
比如，你没有办法强迫婴儿吞下黑巧克力或咖啡，
English:
pointed on them
like if you don’t eat the salami I’ll
kill you or make very organized stands
to make people eat a lot
according to you what will work
the best you know we call the
bowels we call them the second
brain because it’s the body
part that has the most neurons
after the first brain that is the
brain and the spinal cord and the
natural way for the second brain to
to ingest content is
pleasure
no one will ever say I don’t want to eat again
the lunch break
isn’t a chore it’s even a break
it’s not the lunch chore it’s the lunch
break but it’s the same for
our first brain it naturally
likes to learn our first
brain it likes knowledge from the
beginning
look at children they ask you
why the sky is blue why plants
are green or maybe the
contrary because our brain
has a natural desire to learn
but we can break this desire for example
take a baby you won’t be able to make him
Chinese:
因为婴儿自然地抗拒有苦味的食物，
苦，通常表示这个东西不能吃，坏了，或者有毒。
这也是酒精有苦味的原因。
苦味是一种信号，
会对你的神经元起作用。
可可，咖啡和酒精都很苦，
但随着你的成长，你可能会逐渐喜欢上它们。
如果你要求一个孩子吃黑巧克力，
他不愿意，你却强行灌他。
他会从此厌恶巧克力，
看到“Jeff de Bruges”（法國巧克力品牌）就要吐。
欢迎来到现代教育界，学习迷人的数学，
我们可以做得更好，
我们可以让孩子们轻松地学习，
但我们需要做努力将数学形象化，
要尽量使其简化，
就像芬兰，瑞士，冰岛和丹麦等国做的那样，
English:
eat dark chocolate or coffee
because babies have a natural dislike
for bitter taste because bitter taste
points out neurotoxic
that’s why alcohol is also bitter
bitter taste points out
a neurotoxic it points out something
that will act on your neurons so cocoa
coffee and alcohol are bitter
but growing up you can learn to like
it
dark chocolate coffe or
champagne
if you force a kid to take dark
chocolate whereas he really
doesn’t want it and you’re like
I didn’t ask for your opinion you
have to eat that dark chocolate well
you will disgust him from chocolate you’ll
show him a chocolate box and
he will get sick welcome in
contemporary learning of
math we can do better than this
it doesn’t mean we can’t
teach maths to kids
the good news is on the contrary
we can but we need to go
slowly we can’t over
complicate things actually in
English:
Finland Switzerland Iceland
Denmark they’re really careful to
materialize maths as much as they can
to make the learning more neuro
ergonomic at the beginning then
later obviously they enter the
abstract because the aim is still
to go towards the abstract I’m
really convinced we eat
knowledge it’s edible it has a taste it
has a taste and our brain like to eat
knowledge and it likes to make
a good meal of knowledge you know that
the French gourmet meal is a UNESCO
world heritage
maybe one day we’ll have the
knowledge gourmet meal
ridiculous for the moment almost
dangerous because there’s the
bullying effect bullying is when
you have suffered for nothing
bullying is a useless pain don’t
confuse it with initiation that is
in the past a hunter’s initiation
in the Iroquois tribe was to
check if he was going to panic
in front of a buffalo because you
needed to test him before facing it
that was what the initiation was for
so in tribal systems the initiation
was going to the front
we go towards something difficult
Chinese:
尽量把数学具体化，
以更符合神经工程学的方式进行教学。
当然，以后还是要进入抽象思维，
因为这本来就是学数学的目的。
我真的相信我们是“吃”知识的，
知识是有它的味道的，
而且这味道是我们的大脑所喜欢的。
正如你们所知，我们的法国大餐被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录，
也许有一天我们会有知识的美食名录，
这在现在听来很可笑，甚至危险。
说到“捉弄新生”的传统，
在这个活动中，受到捉弄的人承受了无谓的痛苦，
它和新人入社仪式不同。
以前，在易洛魁部落里，有猎人祭礼，
那是为了确认他们的战士不会在野牛面前惊慌失措，
这是必须在打猎前做的测试。
在古老的部落里，在战斗前，在做一件大事情前，
English:
so I’m going to test you a bit
to be sure but bullying it’s that but
without any reason only
because I want to
and when the human brain has suffered
for nothing there’re 2 psychological
solutions possible whether it thinks
I’ve suffered for nothing but
3911
02:09:15,469 --> 02:09:19,969
I’ll be the last one
and I’ll shut the door
behind me this one is for the great
people like Frederick Douglas Martin
Luther King Mandela Gandhi those are
the great souls we didn’t call him
Mahatma for nothing
the other brain’s behaviour is to
think well I’ve suffered for nothing but
I’ll transfer my pain to the
next generation to give it
a sense
I’ll make it a tradition I’ll
manage to give it a
sense because it’s a tradition
I know it hurts what I’m
telling you it’s the aim
ask yourself the question of how many
things well in Grandes Ecoles’
bullying it’s a fact that’s why it’s
forbidden now
but how many situations maintain
Chinese:
都会先做一些测试，以确保成功。
但捉弄新生的活动，没有任何理由，
只是因为我想要这样做。
当我们的大脑承受无谓的痛苦时，
在心理层面通常会有二种态度，
或者它对自己说，虽然我现在承受的是无谓的痛苦，
但我将是曾受这种痛苦的最后一个人，
在我之后，不再有人承受同样的痛苦，
就像弗雷德里克·道格拉斯，马丁·路德金，甘地，曼德拉等伟人那样，
甘地被称为“圣雄”不是没有理由的。
另一种态度是，我受了这种无谓的痛苦，
我要让下一代也经历，这样它就变得有意义了，
让它成为传统，因为传统是有意义的。
我知道这很不顺耳，但这正是我的目的。
尽管许多高校现在已经禁止了捉弄新生这一传统，
试问还有多少类似于这样的，不必要的痛苦仍在继续，
Chinese:
我们只是没有把它公开而矣。
我们继续相信必须在快乐和生产率之间做选择，
即使我们一听就知道这句话有问题，
可糟糕的是，我们并没有直接这样说，
但在很多情况里，必须在愉悦和生产力之间做选择。
“捉弄新生”活动正是这样的，
就是为了让这种不必要的痛苦传下去，
使我们承受过的这种痛苦变得有意义，
这个想法是生产知识美食的最大障碍。
我们现在的社会有信息过载的现象，
我们接触太多的信息，
超过了我们所能接受、处理或有效利用的范围，
这就是信息过载。
如果我们布置好“餐桌”，
就可以提高知识消费。
最糟的情况是，如今老师和学生一样痛苦。
在一所有益身心健康的学校里，
老师们会感到快乐，
因为他们是知识的星级厨师，
是由他们来决定菜单，提供新的菜式……
English:
an useless situation for nothing
we just haven’t put it on the table
like I told you to keep believing
that you need to choose between producing
and flourishing
we can see that as soon as we utter the
sentence it’s fake but the
worst is we don’t pronounce this
sentence we don’t realize that in many
situations we need to choose between
both of them
but on bullying’s case it’s truly this
it’s really the idea of
transmitting an unnecessary pain to
give a sense to this pain we’ve
3948
02:10:24,230 --> 02:10:29,750
been through it’s probably the thing
that is the biggest obstacle to the idea
of a knowledge gourmet meal because the
advantage
is there’s information obesity we can’t
totally say that when we consume too
much knowledge there’s no
consequences in fact there is we talk
today of information obesity but
we could enhance the consumption of
knowledge if we’d laid the table properly
the worst is it could be nice in the
first place for the teacher
because he would do a job even more
gratifying in the sense where he
would be the knowledge master he would
English:
decide of the menu and new meals
they could probably be exchanged
because to me for the moment
teaching looks a bit too much
to this actually that is there’s a
quantity of knowledge to know
that students need to swallow
under any circumstances do you
remember the books you read for the
Baccalaureat no but do you
just know how much you’ve read well
we can’t say it worked so
once again I’m talking about structures
I’m not talking about people but the fact
is even me I’m 31 I don’t even remember
all the books I’ve read
for the Baccalaureat I might
remember 2 of them there were at least 20
let’s go back on AI now Watson
IBM’s artificial intelligence
won Questions pour un champion well
3985
02:11:52,870 --> 02:11:56,430
it’s called Jeopardy in the US and
Watson won Jeopardy
and now no one can beat Watson
Chinese:
只有这样，我们的教育才有可能改变。
在我看来，我们现在的教育很像这个，
【图片 填鸭】
即有一定数量的知识是我们必须吞下去的。
现在的你是否还记得你为了高中汇考而读过的书？
你记得你读过几本书吗？
看吧，我们不能说这样的教育是运行良好的。
再一次说明，我只是谈论结构，而不是在谈论人。
我的情况是，我现在31岁，
现在仅记得其中的两本书，但我当时至少读了二十本。
现在让我们回到人工智能这个话题。
沃森是IBM公司开发的人工智能系统，
沃森参加电视智力答题节目《危险边缘》，并成为冠军，
Chinese:
这不同于象棋，围棋，而是使用自然语言来回答问题，
人类又被人工智能打败了。
沃森通过学习，已经获得了日本大学的学历。
沃森通过了智商测试，这意味着什么呢？
这意味着沃森非常聪明？
还是说我们的测试是愚蠢的？
对我来说是后者，
因为如果你把沃森留在土豆田里，它绝对没戏，
虽然我不知道这是不是一个好的测试。
但在生物学中的智力测验里，
生存的能力是至高无上的能力，
能经受抵抗，不被灭绝的能力是生物学里最高的能力。
比如，鼠类超级聪明，
它们拥有的集体智慧，
使它们永远不会被灭绝，
就生物学而言，鼠类的智慧高于沃森。
English:
at Jeopardy
it’s crazy it’s not chess it’s not
weiqi game it’s jeopardy
and Watson passed a Japanese
diploma and Watson can pass
IQ tests
what does it mean does it mean
that Watson is super clever
or does it mean that our tests
are completely dumb
for me it’s option 2 because
if you release Watson in a potatoes
filed it’s lost I don’t think that the
potatoes field is the ultimate test
but in biology the ultimate intelligence
test is the capacity to survive the
ultimate intelligence test in
biology is the capacity to resist
eradication together rats are
really clever because Paris will never
be rats free we’ve been trying
for centuries but it’s
impossible because together rats
are really clever much more
clever than Watson
Chinese:
无论沃森以优秀的成绩获得了日本本科学历，
还是成为回答问题的冠军，这些都很好，
因为这些成绩虽然不能推进我们的智慧，
但至少能推进我们对人工智力所下的定义。
这就是我在前面提到马可·奥勒留的原因，
因为斯多葛学派提倡“认识你自己”。
人工智能也应抓紧机遇，
认识人工智能本身。
之前我提到的剑桥风波，
雅克·德里达被当时的专家们指责，
专家们认为德里达语言含糊，不配称为哲学，
而现在，德里达被认为是解构主义的鼻祖。
同样的，以前我们对人工智能的定义是狭窄的，
现在正是时间来更新我们对它的定义。
例如伊隆·马斯克，
我很喜欢这个人，
他曾说：“我情愿在火星上死去，而不是坠毁其上。”
English:
because in biology the intelligence
is to resist eradication so it’s good
that Watson has a Japanese diploma
with honours or that it wins
Jeopardy every time it pushes
the limits not of our
intelligence but our definition of
intelligence that’s why
I showed Marc Aurele before
because the Stoics also use the
know yourself idea and that
artificial intelligence needs
to be seen as an opportunity
to know ourselves to say that our intelligence
tests same for Derrida at a time
when some of his peers considered
that his ambiguous language was
anti philosophical whereas today
all AI experts consider that
ambiguity is the Graal same as
before we had a vision very
restricted of intelligence it is
time to update our vision
of intelligence and
merit for example Elon Musk
4038
02:13:46,850 --> 02:13:51,350
I really like that guy he said he
would like to go on March he said
I’d like to die on March but
not during the impact still
Chinese:
但同时，有一些他的观点，是我不喜欢的。
先让我告诉你，我所喜欢的方面：
计划在未来实现火星移民，
最好的电动汽车——特斯拉，
也是他，积极呼吁联合国禁止“杀人机器人” 。
他干得漂亮！
要知道，这不是民选代表们提出的，
而是马斯克个人领衔全球百名AI专家致信联合国《特定常规武器公约》会议，
呼吁采取相关的措施来制止围绕“智能武器”而展开的军备竞赛。
可能的话，还应该将这类武器纳入联合国的特定常规武器公约
（CCW）的武器禁用名单。
人工智能概念中最会被公众所忽视的一个领域就是军事，
马斯克等人第一次对致命性自主武器系统提出警示。
在此之前，物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金等人也谴责人工智能时代的军备竞赛，
呼吁禁止自主武器。
因为你们知道，今天的战争常是城市巷战，
“叛乱分子们”在城市里发起战斗，
战区里到处都有平民，
如果我们放出机器战士，允许它们根据情况做“必要的事”，
局势将会变得不由我们控制。
English:
there’s something I really don’t like
in that guy well I’ll first tell you
what I like about that guy so the part
go on march and everything Tesla
are the best electric cars of the world
and he also campaigned for an
moratorium on autonomous weapons
that’s cool
do you realize that it weren’t
the people we elected who did that
it’s a guy on its own who campaigned
for a moratorium a Geneva convention
on autonomous weapons that
we can’t armed a he knows that a
loophole can be found in a convention and
he is the first to know
but at least that people be aware
about that people know
there’re guy who campaigned like
Stephen Hawking too for the interdiction
of autonomous weapons that we don’t throw
in street because you know that
today war happens in places
where quotes rebels
bad people like Desproges would
say the enemy is dumb he thinks
we’re the enemy whereas it’s him
this one goes far
well today war is happening
in places where civilians are and
they let armed robots programmed with
Chinese:
所以马斯克的这个主张很好，
我很尊重他。
但是，另一方面，他悲观地认为：
人工智能是人类面对的 “最大生存威胁”，
甚至可能会导致人类灭亡。
他认为应向人脑植入电极，从而避免未来的人工智能危机。
2016年马斯克和别人合创了一个生物科技公司Neuralink，
力图把人脑和人工智能整合在一起，
进入“Cyberpunk”——赛博朋克的社会，
那是一个可怕的社会，
每个人都可以放置植入物，
只是根据社会阶层的不同，植入物也不同，
因为植入物是需要购买的，
你可以想象得到，不会是人人平等的。
富人们植入高价高性能的产品，
穷人只能植入被回收的低价产品。
你甚至可以想象得更远一些，
如果你没有植入物，你也许都没有资格成为公民。
幸好我们还没有到那个程度，
但已有一家芬兰公司在员工的皮下植入米粒大小的芯片，
考勤、开门等通过此芯片验证，
English:
a vague do the necessary in a
inhabited area we quickly understand that
4075
02:15:02,240 --> 02:15:05,360
it can go wild so he did a
moratorium on that good and I
truly respect him for that but where
he is really pessimistic he
considers that artificial
intelligence will beat us so bad
that in fact we should implant
silicon directly in our brain
so he created a firm named
Neuralink that specifically
work on that nowadays
it is called by the technologists
cyberpunk in fact cyberpunk
would be an horrible world where
everybody would have his implants
you would have social classes
because quickly from the moment it’s
an implant that can be bought
I don’t think it’s going to be
installed on everyone so there will
be the rich kid from Hollywood that
will have the implant 3000 and then
there will be a guy with a homemade
implant and you can also
imagine that if it goes
far enough you wouldn’t be able to be
citizen if you don’t have an implant
we’re not here yet but there’s a
finish firm that put a subcutaneous
implant to its employee to check on
Chinese:
以免费享用水果冷饮做为交换。
那些人都很愿意。
个人自由 vs. 香蕉奇异果汁，这可真让我犹豫不决。
这是一个真正的主题，
所以我把它放在讲座的最后部分。
马斯克研发电脑与人脑融合技术，
是想避免人类被人工智能淘汰，
我的同事和朋友劳伦亚历山大也担心“智能战争”，
虽然我和劳伦之间有意见相左的时候，
但关于人工智能，每个人都有对有错。
应该让每个人根据自己的想法，制作自己的智慧菜单，
因为没有人能独立做出绝对正确的结论，
加之有各种危言耸听，超级乐观主义者的超人类主义等，
每个人都有对有错，
因此必须混合大家的观点以接近真相。
English:
them in exchange of free smoothies
and they said yes my freedom
versus
a kiwi banana shake my heart can’t choose
so it’s a real subject that’s why I
wanted to end my conference on
that Elon Musk asks the question
which implants should we have to
be equal with the machine what my
colleague and friend Laurent
Alexandre calls the war of
intelligences same we don’t
agree on everything with Laurent
it’s the same apple metaphor the
skin and the seeds but on the
AI subject everyone’s wrong
and everyone’s right you need to
cook your own recipes with any
thinkers you want and do your own
intellectual menu
because no one’s right on his own
in the artificial intelligence
subject the alarmists as well as
the super transhumanist optimists
everyone’s right everyone’s wrong
we need to mix their
point of view and try to
English:
get closer to the truth but it’s clear
to Musk that we’ll loose if
we don’t have implants
directly in the brain I’m against
it why because to me it’s
exactly like if we were saying well we
can’t eat normally anymore we don’t
have time too much work so we’ll
all feed ourselves with intravenous it
will go faster so there’re many
advantages we can sing the praises
of the intravenous like we’ll eat
faster we’ll be able to work more
we’ll be more productive because we’ll
be able to eat directly at the office no
crumbs left I mean the thing that
doesn’t make the intravenous
4149
02:17:31,490 --> 02:17:35,150
argument work is that it’s material
so we clearly understand
there’s a problem
because we can see and feel the catheter
that goes inside our veins we think
I disagree moreover I like to
eat so i can’t do this
because gaining knowledge became
more and more I won’t say
unpleasant but scary for many
people we may be tempted to put
an implant at least the Chinese who
took Ritalin
I can guarantee you that if you
Chinese:
我可以明确地说，
对于“如果不做植入我们就会败给人工智能”这样的观点，
我是反对的。
为什么？因为这就好像对我们说：
“我们工作太多，没有时间正常地吃饭，
全部使用静脉注射代替进食，因为那样更快。”
我们可以夸耀静脉注射的好处，
关键是它给我们创造了更多的工作时间，
使我们更有生产力，
因为我们可以直接在办公室工作，还不会弄脏桌子。
但是，静脉注射好的论据是无用的，
因为只要想到要将导管插进血管，我们就会说不同意，
更何况，进餐是一件很愉快的事。
如今，获取知识已经变得越来越……我不想这样说，
但对许多人来说，它已经变得可怕。
比如，向一位通过服用利他林而提高成绩的人推荐植入物，
Chinese:
只要向他保证能获得好成绩，他马上就会接受。
我们可能会接受诱惑，而这正是我说的神经法西斯主义的起点。
其实，我们的大脑能做得比我们的技术更好，
大脑不是我们发明的，
也与宗教信仰等因素无关，
最重要的是：大脑不是人类的创造物。
早在智人出现之前，大脑就已经出现了。
我们带着大脑出生，
我们不是大脑的创造者，我们对大脑也不了解，
我们甚至不知道睡觉是为了什么。
虽然现在我们有一些想法，
我们知道它能强化巩固记忆，
我们知道在睡眠时，海马体会努力的为我们整理记忆，
虽然我们知道一些细节，但我们仍然不了解睡觉的全貌。
我们不了解我们的大脑，
但我们却要去改制它，这很不明智。
在某些古老部落里有一种“货物崇拜”，
尤其是在第二次世界大战期间。
岛民们将美军当作神，
English:
offered him an implant for the exams he
would take it right away
so here we can be tempted
it’s here that we find the beginning of
neuro fascism to me that is our
brain is better constructed
than our technologies in fact
we didn’t invented our brain and we may
be atheist or believer that isn’t the problem
the brain isn’t a human creation
period the brain was created
before the homo sapiens sapiens
actually because they were the hominid
and we arrive with a brain we didn’t
create and that we don’t understand we
still don’t know what’s the use of sleep
today we have ideas we know it
strengthens memory we know it makes
what we call hippocampal
repetition but that’s details we don’t
know what the use of sleep
in general so we don’t understand the
brain but we want to tinker
4186
02:18:41,800 --> 02:18:44,849
something we don’t understand and
that’s dumb the scientific arguments of
Idriss Aberkane
imagine you have what we call
in anthropology a cargo cult
and the cult cargo it’s when the
Americans arrived in the
pacific they arrived with cargo
English:
planes they were island people
who stayed in autarky
for centuries who saw
trucks arriving with chewing gum
chocolate pineapple in box
and those people in certain
tribes started to redo
tracks there was a cargo
religion they called it the cargo cult when
once every 5 years some
tribes make tracks to attract the gods
who give chocolate and
chewing gum
well imagine that a plane lands in the
middle of the jungle let’s say south
America and the plane stays here
you’re a people from Amazonia
it’s absolutely not obvious I
don’t underestimate natives people
they discovered the curare that
saved hundreds of millions human lives
because curare is used in every
general anaesthesia just so you
know we killed 100 millions
of Indians they saved between 100 and
500 millions of white men end of the
parenthesis
but still imagine that plane
stays in the jungle until you’re the
4223
02:19:51,220 --> 02:19:54,700
tribe chief and after a moment
you need to move you have a problem
and need to move well a plane in a
jungle doesn’t move easily you
Chinese:
因为美军从运输机里出来，
将部分物资给原住民，口香糖，巧克力，菠萝罐头……
美军离开后，岛民们发展出一套敬拜仪式，
相信“神”会回来并带来更多货物。
一些部落，每五年一次，建设飞机跑道，
等待飞机出现，带给他们神赐的物品。
想象一下，当一架飞机降落在南美洲雨林深处，
而你是亚马逊原住民，我绝没有贬低原住民的意思。
是他们的发现——涂抹在箭头上用于狩猎的箭毒，
其提取物在现代医学中用作全身麻醉的辅助用药，
拯救了数亿人的生命。
继续想象一下这架被留在丛林里的飞机吧，
你是部落领袖，
你决定移动这架飞机，
问题是在丛林里移动飞机很困难，
Chinese:
于是你根据综合比较各方面因素后，
决定削去机翼，
这样移动起来就方便多了。
好吧，这是件蠢事，
因为飞机是用来飞行的，
如果是为了在丛林里移动，它就不会被设计成那样。
有一个苏菲的寓言，
说的是有一位老妇人，以前只见过鸽子，
以至于鸽子是她唯一熟悉的鸟类。
某日，一只精疲力竭尽的老鹰跌落在她窗前，
她满心怜悯地拾起鹰，对它说：
“好可怜啊，你可真不像一只鸟啊”。
由于她认为鸟应该是鸽子的样子，
所以她好心地剪短了它的喙，给它修剪了爪子，
又把它的翅膀剪成圆形，
悉心地照顾了老鹰几个星期后，放开老鹰，
她说：“去吧，你现在才像一只鸟。”
老鹰扑打着翅膀，飞得摇摇晃晃。
在我看来，在人脑中植入相关设备的结果将和这个故事一样，
English:
may think the first thing
to do is according to
my standards according to
my problems according to
my observations we need to cut the
wings it’ll go faster
well it would also be dumb because
a plane is made for flying and if
you have to make it
cross the jungle it wasn’t
its purpose there’s a Sufi fable
like that of a woman that have never
seen an eagle in her entire life she has
only seen pigeons and one day she sees
a very tired eagle that comes back
from a long journey and collapses
at her window so she’s like my poor
poor animal you don’t look
like a bird at all because she has
only seen pigeons in her life
so she takes care of it with
best intentions in the world she cuts
its beak tears down its
claws rounds up its wings and
some weeks later she makes it
go it doesn’t fly straight
but she is like you look more
like a bird now our brain
under silicon
English:
could exactly be like this
go now that you look more like my conception
of intelligence and if my conception
of intelligence becomes out dated
well too bad for you because I’ll
have already cut your wings
I think it will also be dangerous to
campaign for a society where
everyone has his implant to go faster
to be more productive for many good
things kiwi shakes or better
grades or be more productive
but in the mean time trying to
tinkle something we don’t control
with a technology that will grow old
I mean the brain has been here for 2000
years it’s not nothing it has
proven itself I’m not sure for
silicon it would be the same that
to feed ourselves by intravenous
my thesis subject at Polytechnique
was exactly this it was all about
that controversy
is it neuro
maybe it’s not neuro
personally I don’t care but the
subject was that how to better eat
knowledge with our own means
I insist it wasn’t how to better eat
knowledge with what we call DNI
Chinese:
你将有一个符合设计的，被增强的定制大脑，
如果这个定制过时了，我为你感到遗憾，
因为你的“翅膀"已被剪掉了。
我认为，为了得到更高的生产效益
而积极倡导大脑增强的社会也是危险的，
或是为了有更好的食物，更好的水果，更好的成绩……。
虽然我们并未掌握关于大脑的知识，
但是我们已经想要改装它，
并且使用很快会变得落后的技术，
去改造从二十万年前智人出现至今的大脑。
我们的大脑是经受时间的考验的，而植入体呢？
这岂不是与用静脉注射来代替进餐一样吗？
我在巴黎综合理工学院时写的论文的主题正是这个：
"This is what a regular knowledge meal looks like on the Internt"
“怎样以个性化的方式更好地吸收知识。”
Chinese:
而不是“怎样以"DNI"的方式来吸收知识”。
DNI(direct neural interface)，脑机接口，
这当然也是一个很好的主题，
特别是关于疾病的研究，
例如，癫痫病，帕金森氏病等，
但我的主题是怎样通过自然的方式更好的吸收知识，
我的论文着眼于利用互联网学习，
我们在网上打开一系列标签，
那是一顿知识大餐。
如今，只在一个标签中里学习已经成为过去，
以前的浏览器里只有一或两个窗口，
也没有标签选项，
你在打开的窗口里学习，仅此而已。
而现在，互联网引发知识爆炸，
为了做一个决定，我们需要打开很多标签页，
或是为了选择一副新耳机，或是选择度假地点，
或是在海量的信息里寻找你所需要的信息，
对于专业人士，如记者，学者或金融工作者等，
English:
direct neural interface
because it’s also a subject
how to better eat knowledge with DNI
and it’s a very good subject
specifically for sick people
who have epilepsy or else but
my subject was that how to better
eat knowledge thanks to
natural paths
so obviously in a thesis you have
to interest yourself to a very precise case
you can’t do knowledge in
general
so I got interested into a precise case
that is on internet
that’s a meal of knowledge
when you go on internet you open
several tabs
nowadays no one goes on
internet for
only one tab it’s over there was a
time you know when computers had
one or two windows max there was
no tab it was just a window
you opened a window and you were
done and then knowledge only kept
growing on internet
and today when you want to make a
decision you open many tabs to buy
new shoes or
earphones or to choose your next
vacations or to inform yourself on a subject
by cross referencing the sources
and I don’t know if you’re a
real professional a journalist
Chinese:
有时需要一次打开50个标签页。
同时打开的50个切题标签页就好像是一顿知识大餐。
你准备进餐，你选择菜单，
每个标签就是一盘菜，每盘菜你都或多或少地吃一点，
而你能吸收多少营养和你投入的注意力成正比，
或者换一种说法，与你的唾液成正比。
你打开一系列切题的标签所做的工作，
是任何一个IA（人工智能）没有办法代替你做的，
你可以打开15个最符合你需要的标签，
而这是谷歌不能为你做的。
谷歌只能显示含有关键字的链接，
而你为了寻找最切合主题的信息，
会打开链接，层层深入地查看内容，
必要时再次输入键字做搜索，
根据统计数据，这个过程从15分钟到15小时不等，
取决于你的需要，
English:
a searcher or a financial whatever
you’ll have to open 50 tabs
and to make a relevant following
of tabs
it’s a meal of knowledge you’re going
to eat so you make a menu and you’ll
eat each tab more or less well
by letting more or less
bones more or less the core of what you’re
going to eat your digestive
juice is your attention your
saliva if you want so this is a
meal of knowledge there’re many
4334
02:23:23,820 --> 02:23:28,530
courses when you make a series
of tabs you’re actually doing a job
no AI can do it for you just
so you know you can’t open the first
15 Google’s results when you’ve
done a research and do that make
a relevant series Google can’t do
that period you can’t just
open the first 15 results
and have everything you
wanted on a given subject it
won’t work when you want to
inform yourself on a subject well you have
to open the article under link then
change the key words then re do a
research and finally after 15 minutes
to 15 hours according to the statistics
between 15 minutes and 15 hours
Chinese:
最终在一个窗口里打开一系列切合你需要的标签页。
满足你的需要有两件重要的事，
与营养吸收完全一样，
顺便提一下，营养和味道是两件事，
比如麦当劳汉堡，
它的味道可能很好，但是不一定很有营养。
我们可以用营养值乘以味道值获得一个分值，
别忘了，零乘以任何实数都等于零，
如果营养是零，味道是一百，“营养-味道值”将是零。
在我的研究里，有一个被我称为“相关性-扩散度”的分值，
比如，你想在网上找一间度假公寓，
你无意间看到了一个小猫的视频，
显然这个小猫视频的扩散度很高，但是与你的主题无关，
于是“相关性-扩散度”的得分为零。
我所感兴趣的是如何创建"相关性-扩散度"是高分值的窗口。
一般情况下，如果你为了寻找一副新耳机或新漫画，
或你的度假地点而创建了含有许多标签页的窗口，
English:
depending on the amount of work
you have you’ll have a relevant page
for your needs with 2 important
things
exactly like in nutrition by the
way in nutrition you have nutrition
and taste which aren’t the same
thing typically if a big mac didn’t
taste that good it wouldn’t be sold
that much but it’s not necessarily
very nutritive so we can make
a score with nutrition multiplied by taste
multiplied remember the contagion of the 0
if nutrition equals 0 and taste equals
100 it makes a nutrition taste
score equals to 0 in my work I’ve
called it the pertiviralité pertinence
multiplied by virality so virality
is for example if you’re looking
4371
02:24:34,650 --> 02:24:37,771
for a vacation flat and you find
a kitten video it’s really
viral but non relevant
so the pertiviralité score equal 0
so I got interested to how do
we create pertiviral windows
that is once you’ve
created a window for
yourself for your own consumption
on new cool earphones
a new comic for your
collection or your vacation spot
English:
when you close your window you
destroy knowledge and it’s never
good to destroy knowledge
you could share it with your friends
you could send it so that
someone won’t do exactly the same
work as you did by the way
this algorithm is used by waze if you
use the GPS waze
it was inspired by anthill because
there’s no traffic jam in
anthill there’s no traffic jam
in anthills because ants
drop a small perfume
drip on the floor when they go outside
the anthill and they’re trained
to follow the most scented path which is
also the most efficient and waze did
the same for the GPS and said
every time someone brakes we write a
minus on the map every time someone
speeds up we write a plus on the map
so we’ve got the map in real-time
with plus and minus
so we can calculate faster
4408
02:25:35,431 --> 02:25:38,551
ways and this even Google didn’t
know how to do it because Google
bought them 1 billion 160 thousand
so it was a small service inspired
from the ants and that actually
completely changed on a scale of
people who take their
car you can imagine it so I
wanted to do the same for internet
that is every time you did
a relevant window you
can share it in one click without
Chinese:
一旦你关掉该窗口，所有的内容都被摧毁了。
摧毁知识从来不是一件好事，
你完全可以与朋友分享这些内容，
可能有人就不必重复你做过的事。
导航软件位智（Waze）使用的算法就是利用用户提交的信息，
它的灵感来自蚂蚁，
因为蚂蚁间从来不会有拥堵现象。
研究人员发现，在一条路有可能出现拥堵时，
返回的蚂蚁就向迎面过来的同伴发出信息素，
告诉对方前面交通状况不好，让它选择另一条路。
导航软件位智的做法也是这样，
它收集用户的地图数据和其他信息，
并学习用户的驾驶信息，如刹车，加速等，
提供路线和实时路况更新，
为你找出用时最短的路线。
这是谷歌没能做到的，后来谷歌以11亿美元收购了它。
这个来自蚂蚁的灵感，完全改变了人们的行车经验。
我想在网上做同样的事，
也就是说，每次你建立了一个与某一主题相关的窗口，
Chinese:
你可以一键分享它，
不必先做复制链接，打开邮件，粘贴此链接，
最后再发送邮件这一系列烦人的操作。
目前的知识菜肴是这样的，而我想发明知识三明治。
为什么是三明治？
因为三明治容易准备，进食方便，分食也方便，
只需轻轻一扯，就可以分享美味，
还容易携带。
三明治是英国Sandwich伯爵名发明的，
因为喜欢玩台球，却不想为了进餐浪费时间，
所以发明了可以放进口袋里的三明治。
好吧，现在温习一下我说过的神经工效学的原则，
在讲座的开始我就说过，
最有效的方法是热爱。
而另一个有效的方法是空间。
当我们吸收知识时，
大脑的空间是特别重要的载体。
把知识空间化，能帮助我们更好地记住它，
English:
having to copy paste the URL you
also the know the principle when you
want to send a webography to
someone you copy paste the URL
one by one into an email it’s
really annoying so for the moment
a meal of knowledge looks like that
I wanted to invent the sandwich
of knowledge
the sandwich what does it mean
it means it’s easy to prepare
it’s easy to eat it’s easy to
share or break it in two
that’s it in one action it can be
shared it’s easy to transport
the sandwich was invented by Lord
Sandwich who was a big lazy ass
because he wanted to
play the pool and don’t have to take
a whole meal so he wanted one thing
that fits into his pocket
he invented the sandwich like that
well if we gather all the neuro ergonomy
principles we’ve seen the first
thing I’ve started this conference
with a good way indeed
it’s love another
good way
it’s the room
the room when our brain eats
knowledge
it’s a really good support
English:
spatializing knowledge is a good
way to memorize it it’s called
the method of loci it’s known since
the Antiquity people who memorized
the Odyssey by heart or the Iliad they
spatialized they imagined a known path
for example from their home to the beach
and on that path there’s a well it’s
chapter 1 there’s a forest it’s
chapter 2 there’s a rock it’s
chapter 3 Cicero memorized
pleadings by heart and he was spatializing
them in a temple in his head same
first pillar first argument second pillar
second argument we think it’s from
there that in French the expression
en premier lieux comes because
at the Sorbonne actually students
couldn’t take notes because
it would have discriminated poor
students paper was very
expensive they couldn’t use paper
to take notes and
paper was really for a proper book that
would be sold it was way too
expensive to be used for something
else
so students were standing and
listening to the teacher and he was
saying in the first place we’ll see that
it meant in your memory palace
in the first place you’ll put this and
Giordano Bruno after Middle Age at the
beginning of the Renaissance did a
treaty on that called de umbris
Chinese:
这种记忆方法叫做“记忆宫殿”。
这种记忆术自古希腊古罗马时代就存在的，
古代的人能熟记整部《奥德赛》或《伊利亚特》，
就是因为把内容空间化了。
想像一条你常走的路线，
比如从你家到海滩的路线，
在这条路上有一口井，这就是第一章，
有一片树林，这就是第二章，
有一块大石头，这就是第三章。
西塞罗正是这样记住一段辩护词的，
他先想着一座寺庙，
第一根柱子就是第一个论点，
第二根柱子就是第二个论点……以此类推。
我们猜想法语里的表达式“首先……其次”
（en premier lieu, en deuxième lieu)，
大概来源于此。
以前，索邦神学院的学生们是不允许做笔记的，
以免造成贫富学生的不平等，
因为当时纸张很贵，用来做笔记太过奢侈，
通常只在印刷书籍时使用。
于是，学生们站在那里，
听他们的老师讲述“首先，我们会看到……"
学生们把这个内容化为实在的物件，放置在想像的处所中。
乔纳森·德莫特·斯彭斯的书《记忆宫殿》，
是根据1595年意大利传教士利玛窦的《西国记法》重新摹写的。
利玛窦在书中就中文字的特点，
English:
idearum or on the shadow of ideas and
it deals on how to build memory
palaces
so it’s known that it works well
and today every athletes everyone
that memorizes 30 wi fi codes
by heart well those are people who
are capable of spatializing
knowledge
so if we go back to this first I
though I’m going to spatialize
the series of tabs that is
I’ll use an axis
that has to be abstract you know
the letter a for example was a
bullhead in writing’s history the
letter a was a bullhead
because at the beginning
writing was accounting it was
how many bulls are in how many
are out how many bushels of wheat
so they noted wheat and bullheads
and that’s it there wasn’t even
a pronunciation no sound
it was just a note
to expend human memory they couldn’t
memorize everything and then
by exchanging clay
tablets
the letter turned around and
the Phoenicians created
the first alphabet known by
humanity
so after the Sumerians where it wasn’t
Chinese:
设计出多种把中文字转为图像的方法，
可见这个方法是一直被使用的。
今天，那些参加记忆力比赛的“脑力运动员”，
都能够把记忆内容空间化。
现在，我们回到这里，
我要将一系列的标签页空间化。
我会使用一个轴，
这里需要一定的抽象思维，
以字母A为例，起初它是一个表示“牛头”的图画。
在书写史里，写字是为了计数，
计数有多少头牛，有多少斗小麦。
当时只有图形，没有发音，
只是为了帮助记忆，
毕竟人脑无法记住所有的信息。
随后，首先广泛使用字母的腓尼基人，
把交易记录写在粘土板上，
能过贸易，腓尼基字母很快在地中海地区传播，
粘土板的内容有时也会被反方向读写，
English:
an alphabet so we ended up with
a bullhead as the letter a the
oldest letter still in existence
today
so the letter at the beginning they
drew a bull and then they just
wrote an abstract ideogram I
though I would do the same and
called the hyper writing it
can be defined as a
writing in space so obviously
you need an interface that’s not
only paper you need something where
you can zoom in and zoom out good
thing the informatics allows it and
my letter a is the river because the
river is the best space landmark
in a city we orient ourselves
according to the river
civilisation was born between 2
rivers Mesopotamia precisely
means the place between 2 rivers
the Indus civilisation Egypt the
river is the landmark in human
history so I’ve made a lake
out of it
because I live in Neuchatel and so
you see we put all the tabs
around it tabs that could be relevant
for a given research
Chinese:
逐渐演变为现在的字母A。
也就是说，字母A一开始是牛头的图画，
然后被抽象化，成为书写符号。
我想做的也是这样，我把它称做“超书写”。
意思是一种写在空间里的文字。
显然，这需要一个非纸质界面，
你可以把它拉近或推远。
我的字母A是一条河流，
因为河流非常适合空间定位。
城市通常以河流来定位，
人类文明就诞生于两河流域。
美索不达米亚文明的发源地，
恰恰是两条河流之间的地方，
“美索不达米亚”希腊语的意思是两河之间的土地。
古印度与古埃及文明也是如此，
河流是标志性地标。
于是我画了一片湖，因为我住在纳沙泰尔
（瑞士的湖畔），
然后我把所有的切题标签放在湖的两边，
最后“一键分享”给你的朋友们。
Chinese:
就像图片所显示的，这是一系列切题的标签，
你可以直接选用符合你需要的系列标签，
而本来完成这样的标签需要花费15分钟到15个小时，
如果你选用了一个你朋友分享的切题标签系列，
你就不需要自己花很多时间寻找了。
只要直接输入关键字，
你就有了经过挑选的结果。
它看上去很像航拍的照片吧，
对我来说，这就是一个知识三明治。
面包是那条河，用来装食物，
因为吃饭是愉快的，
利用它把你的记忆空间化，
有助你消化知识。
当记忆内容被空间化时，
我们更容易记住它。
所以面包是河，
English:
then right click we send it to
a friend actually
you’re totally making a research so
you can directly search for a series
of tabs that is that is as
I told you doing this take between
15 minutes and 15 hours
no one can do it for you
if you take your friends’ barycentre
or the community one that is
you anonymize the datas but you make
the mean without taking someone else’s
data but you calculate the mean well
here you can directly at once
open a tab I typed earphones with
noise reduction it’s not what I’ve
typed here I’ve typed something else
and you directly have a series of
relevant contents
here what it looks like from the above
to me that’s a knowledge sandwich
the bread is the river it
holds the content together and it’s also
more pleasant to eat because
it’s here for your spirit to eat
equals to spatialize it’s more pleasant
to memorize knowledge when it’s
spatialized it facilitates your digestion
because it’s spatialized people
memorize better when the content
is spatialized so the bread is the river
English:
the proteins
are the links you see here
the URL the tabs and the salad
isn’t shown here but it’s the
pink spaces where actually I would
put forests to decorate but quickly we
could see this forest was offered
by BMW
and here you have the economic model
but because I hate ads that rob
the attention not only I hate them
it doesn’t work
an add that pops out you know
for example there’s a website that
perfectly understood it it’s on Forbes
when they want to display an add
they’re clever they first display a
quote that is always very
interesting I don’t know where they
find them and you’re like
I want to see this quote but then
discretely at the bottom there’s a small add
that appears and that’s tomorrow’s
trade because you can’t catch someone’s
attention without having given him
something before in the past we could
at least we displayed a
gorgeous blonde
like we’ve seen earlier
but if you want to catch someone’s
attention it’s still much
better to give him something
Chinese:
蛋白质是你看到的一个个链接，
色拉菜是这些粉红的色块，
如果我们加入一个“宝马汽车森林”，
那就是一个经济模型版本了。
我非常讨厌一个广告，
它意图强行牵制你的注意力，
我讨厌它是因为它根本无法施行。
你是否看到过这样的广告，
在给一个产品做广告前，
先播一段语录，
这些语录总是很有趣或是很有意义的，
然后在屏幕下方很不引人注目地打上一条广告。
这正是未来的商业模式，
过去只要有金发女郎的形象就可以，
现在如果不先使用一些诱惑手段，
就很难获取别人的注意力的。
先给对方的大脑一些有趣的事物，
将更容易获得他的注意力，
这样做的效果是很显著的。
English:
first it’s human relations
101 the golden rule don’t do to others
what you wouldn’t want them to do
to you so the knowledge
sandwich was this thesis’
reflexion actually why because
if we fail to invent that damn
sandwich it will go through
intravenous I mean sorry through
intranervous but the subject will be the
same that is whether we find
better ways to exchange knowledge
through natural paths to properly lay
the table have a good meal
but also efficient easy to digest
easy to preparer easy to share
easy to transport or there’re will be
people who will say let’s stop
everything stop eating knowledge through
natural paths let’s directly inject
ourselves silicon in the brain
that’s the subject or my
researches and we need to
implement it so people from Parthenay
Chinese:
其实这是人际关系的基础——“推己及人”
也是黄金定律所说的“己所不欲，勿施于人”。
“知识三明治”正是我的中心思想，
因为如果我们不发明知识三明治，
我们将被迫以静脉注射的方式吸收知识。
始终是同一个主题——
要么我们找到最好的方法，
通过自然的方式进食知识美食，
既容易烹饪，又易于消化，还便于运输和分享；
要么像一些人提倡的那样，
我们不再以自然的方式学习，
使用脑机接口，直接在大脑里放入芯片或其它。
——这就是我的研究内容。
我的工作是从2007年开始的，
English:
know that I’ve started working
on in Parthenay
actually I’ve started working on it
at Standford in 2007 I had just
made a conference on it for fun
like let’s imagine a world where and
in Pathenay I had the honour
of mentoring students with the idea of
creating designs on it to find some
ideas and it took me and they
also know it
it took 5 years for that I thought
it would take me 6 months it took
me 5 years it has been a series of
incredible failure one day I’ll write
a book about it honestly it’s
already planned with my editor because
really when I’m talking about airbnb
of guys who lived failure after failure
of Steve Jobs when he says if you don’t
like your project you won’t finish it
I can assure you that if it wasn’t my
baby
I would have dropped it a long time ago
at the moment I’ve got a campaign
of crowd funding for that
by the way on the address
written here which was open some
days ago and it’s truly the project
4667
02:33:48,620 --> 02:33:53,181
of my life because this stake here
making the knowledge move faster
through natural paths
Chinese:
2007年当我在斯坦福大学做讲座时萌生了这方面的点子，
随后我很荣幸地得到法国帕尔特奈的一所中学的支持，
使我能够设计并实施我的想法。
这前后共花了五年时间，
本来我以为六个月就能做成，
实际上却花了五年的时间。
这中间的曲折起伏一言难尽，
也许以后我会就此写一本书。
你们还记得我之前说的“Airbnb 爱彼迎”的例子吧，
还有乔布斯在访谈中说的话：
“如果你不喜欢你的计划，你是无法坚持到底的。”
我向你们保证，如果我不把我的计划视做我的孩子，
我也早就放弃了。
目前，我刚刚开始为我的这一项目进行众筹，
(https://campaign.chreage.com)
它是我终身的事业——通过自然的方式学习，更快地传播知识。
这是一场真正的比赛，
English:
there’s really a race that is
is there I mean there isn’t as
far as I know I wrote a thesis about
it so I must have written a
bibliography as far as I know at the
time I was among the only ones
who covered it for the internet
part
but the subject is there are
many more people who cover this
part here who cover the DNI part
it’s really fashion now direct
neural interface is fashion you’re
seeing it everywhere in scientific
literature but the NNI natural
neuro interface there’re not so many
because there’re people who consider
that isn’t neuro it’s a subject but I
don’t consider it isn’t the case but in
any case it’s more neuro when you
inject silicon in the brain than
when you interest yourself to
the way the human eye look at
contents I can understand it I can
understand that people see things
this way but what I know is that
there’s an armament race
between this path and the other
one so to conclude I told you
Chinese:
从我查看过的文献情况来看，
我的研究一直属于少数派，
而多数派是“DNA”（脑机接口 Direct Neural Interface），
这是现在最流行的，在科学期刊里随处可见，
但NNA（neural neuro interface）却不多见。
因为有些人不认为它不是神经科学，
尽管我不这样认为，
有很多人认为给大脑种植芯片是神经科学，
而以正常的方法读写不是神经科学。
对此，我可以理解，
但我知道在这两者之间有一场比赛。
做为结束，还记得我前面介绍过的西門·奈克吗？
Chinese:
是他在演讲里以怀特兄弟为例，分析了成功的原因。
他的话可以把我们带到
“是否要在繁荣经济和个人幸福之间做选择”这个主题，
他明确地说：“为一件你不在乎的事辛苦工作时，你只感受到压力，
为一件你喜欢的事情辛苦工作时，你充满激情。”
现在，我向你介绍一位我的朋友：缎蓝园丁鸟
雄鸟的羽毛是深蓝色，有丝绸的光泽。
雄性鸟类为了追到伴侣，炫耀自己美丽的羽毛以显示男性的魅力，
为了加强效果，还用收集各种明亮的蓝色物体装饰在求偶亭的四周，
我们人类也做同样的事。
比如鳄鱼男装的设计，它一直那样，
English:
about Simon Sinek I told you that he
wrote on the Wright Brothers
why the wright brothers succeeded
where others failed it’s him who
did this analysis and he clearly
says to come back on the main
subject that is producing or flourishing
we have to choose
so he clearly says working hard
for something we don’t care about is
called stress and working
hard for something
we love is called passion let me
introduce you my little satin
catbird the satin catbird
is called this way because it has
a blue feather on the shoulder which
is very manly and sexy for the female
so to amplify this bird
masculinity well it
decorates its nest with blue everywhere
notice that this idea of amplifying the
masculinity also exists for men
you might ask yourself how I’ll be
able to follow up with such a
joke but it’s really not what you
think you naughty people actually
it’s the story of the vest and the tux
English:
the tux’s vest is a piece of clothing that
didn’t evolve much from Professor
Calculus to today
because the tux’s vest actually
amplifies the build into a V shape which
is in many cultures an element
of masculine attractiveness and because
globalization happens it’s almost
in every cultures now
it increases the V shape build
that gives an allure because it
has shoulder pads but it’s
only plastic it’s like a wonderbra
for men actually only women
4741
02:36:25,190 --> 02:36:28,700
laugh at this joke you can know
the number of women here only
with this joke so it’s the same
for this bird it’s going to
show off we can agree on the fact that
it wants to bring someone home so the
sign of the time passing is that it used to
put blue flowers but now that they’re
gone it puts tooth brush
pens caps and
and bottles caps and once its nest is
done it goes dancing in front of it
I’m a good bird imitator
Chinese:
加宽了肩膀，使体身型呈倒三角形，
加强了男性魅力，这其实在各种文化中都有类似的体现。
为了达到效果，鳄鱼男装使用了垫肩，
从而使肩部浑厚，提高或延长肩线线条，
简直就是男人的“Wonderbra”（内衣品牌，上托式胸罩）。
这只鸟的策略也是这样，
只是，以前这种鸟用亮蓝色的羽毛和花朵来装饰求偶亭，
现在则用蓝色的牙刷，笔帽，衣夹和瓶盖。
Chinese:
求偶亭建好后，它就会在前面跳舞，
在树上观看的雌鸟若被这些炫耀姿态感动，
就会飞入求偶亭与雄鸟交配成亲。
求偶期的雄鸟有特别的能力，
以精准度为例，它能拧开塑料瓶盖。
通常一个18个月大的孩子还不会拧开瓶盖，
虽然因人而异，
但一般情况下，一个11个月大的孩子是做不到的。
并且，我指的不是那种装药的安全瓶盖，
只是普通的塑料瓶盖。
这种鸟——其大脑神经元数量比11个月大的孩子稍微少一些——在求偶期能做到。
然后是不屈不挠的精神，
如果这只雌鸟不中意它，
它会继续努力吸引其它的雌鸟，
English:
this trick is done by
professionals don’t try this at home
so if
the female ever wants it
they’ll have eggs together
well this bird illustrates the three
P of love Precision because when
it is in love it can unscrew
a bottle cap it’s
really hard you know that a 18 months
child can’t do it well it
depends but around 11 months
we’re almost sure a 11 months child
can’t unscrew a cap bottle well you
can teach him well and it can be tried
for fun but it’s really not
an age where a child will be able
to unscrew a cap bottle I’m not even talking
of a secured cap for
meds just a simple bottle and
this bird can do it and it has
less neurons than a 11 months
child
Precision so it is more precise when
it is in love well and Perseverance
Perseverance if the female doesn’t want
it it will try with another one
I’ve learned a lot from this bird
English:
and finally Risk Taking risk taking
because the nest is on the
floor
for this bird there’s a
nest for seduction and another one
to raise children I didn’t
say anything
Precision Perseverance and Risk Taking
when this bird is in love here is what it
can do precision perseverance and risk
taking and we can see it makes it
more competitive I mean I don’t see
how it can be a burden to be more
precise more perseverant and to
take more risks and here it
loves even more what it is doing
in a way and it often happens
in the nature this kind of
situation you have for example
those well known alien circles in the
oceans you might have seen this on
social medias
Chinese:
我从这点里学到不少。
再有是它敢于承担风险，
因为你看到了，它的巢是建在地面上的，
这种鸟会建两个巢，
一个用来求偶，
一个用来抚养后代。
做事精确，坚持不懈，敢于承担风险，
是这只小鸟在求偶期做的。
这些优点使它更具有竞争力，
至少我不认为这些会给它带去不利因素。
在自然界中不乏这种情况，
比如这著名的鲀鱼，
你也许已经在网络上看到过这个视频，
Chinese:
实际上它是一条很小的鱼，约10厘米长，
每到繁殖季节来临，雄性鲀鱼就会在水底建造一个“宫殿”，
相对于鱼的大小，它建的“宫殿”相当于六个足球场的大小。
如果它不这样做，就不会有雌鱼来产卵，
你们看，它的长相是这样的，
的确有点勉强。
这个心型的作品与小鱼的建筑相同，
噢，不对，如果按比例计算，这个心型太小了，
人类偷懒了。
English:
it’s actually a small fish a really
small one it’s not even this one
it’s another one even
smaller that when it wants a
progeny it does this big
space that equals half a dozen
football fields that is if it
really don’t do this thing the
female won’t want to bear his eggs
it’s a bit like the fish version of Louboutins
so sorry here is how it looks like
you might say with a face like that
it’s normal
it has to make an effort
morality ladies go towards the ugly ones
so that’s the fish equivalent well no
for the equivalent the heart should have
been as big as 6 football fields but what
can we do we’re lazy
English:
that’s how it is the Japanese has a
concept named ikigai which
means reason to be in
Japanese and they define the reason
to be as do what you do what you’re
good at I’ll do it in the order do what
you like do what the world needs
do something you can be paid for
because there’s no shame in that and
do something you’re good at and
if you have found the four
you have found the ikigai and the
Japanese say that you mustn’t
born with it absolutely not because if so
you’re spoiled it’s like a child who was born
in wealth could never enjoy
wealth well in this case
it’s the same
a human or psychological
wealth
the ideal to enjoy it is to have
known poverty so to have known
a time in your life when you did
only what you liked without being
paid for when you only did what
the world needed without liking it
when you only did what you could
be paid for but actually it was
useless on a social scale and when
4852
02:40:51,261 --> 02:40:55,101
you only did what you were good at
without being paid for it and
when you have found the four at
Chinese:
在日本文化中，人们普遍认为每个人都有一个“Ikigai” ，
意思是“存在的理由”。
为了找到你的Ikigai，人们应该自问：
你擅长的事？你喜欢做的事？
世界需要你做的事？別人会付钱请你做的事？
如果你找到了这四个答案，你就有了你的Ikigai。
日本人认为“与生俱来"并不好，
我们会因为拥有与生俱来的物质财富而感觉什么都不需要做。
同理，像Ikigai这样的心理财富，
需要你认识你做的事，
你喜欢的事，但没有人会付你钱；
世界需要的事，但你并不喜欢；
別人会付你钱，但对世界无用的事；
你擅长的事，但没人会付你钱；
当四者重叠时，
你就有了你的Ikigai。
Chinese:
事实上，这个概念起源于日本的冲绳岛，
据说这里是世界上最大的百岁老人的家园。
老人们为喜爱和擅长的事忙碌。
在日本，国家每年认定数位“人间国宝”，
他们拥有“艺之精华”，如陶艺，鍛金或染织等传统工艺，
其中的一些“人间国宝”是在他们退休后才学得这种技艺的。
我们通常认为那些人是从小就开始学习这种技艺的，
的确，大多数的情况是这样的，
但像这种到很晚才开始学成的情况也的确存在，
而且他们常常是改革者，
他们会从重审传统技艺，进行技术改革。
不管你信不信， 我是以我的理论——
“知识经济必然使爱恋者的购买力最大化。
它是一种热爱的经济。”进入斯坦福大学的，
这类理论，在法国中央理工学院很少说到。
我想既然在法国，
那我就来做一个“Love/Can Do”笛卡尔坐标吧，
我们先设x轴，我把它称为“Can Do”，
它代表你擅长的职业，
English:
once you have found the ikigai and
that’s the Graal and the Japanese
really say that you have to find it
at the end of your life to enjoy it
there’re potters in Japan you know
there’s the concept of national living treasure
so it’s potters or blacksmiths
or kimono
makers and sometimes they have
learned their job once they retired it
still happens today we often believe
they’re people who grew up
in it it’s true for most of them but
sometimes it really isn’t the case
and often those people are
reformers often those people are
going to question or challenge
some technical traditions
in the job so
obviously believe me or not straight from
Stanford with my theory yay
the economy of knowledge maximise
the lovers purchasing power believe me
or not they didn’t relate that much
to that at the Ecole Centrale
so I thought we’re in France I’ll do
a Cartesian diagram it may talk to
them Cartesian diagram homeland
of Descartes
so we’ll put the x-axis I
called it love can do on the x-axis you’ll
put do you know how to do the
English:
job can do do you know how to do
it and on the axis of on another axis
4889
02:42:01,250 --> 02:42:05,780
that is independent even if a brilliant
young man told me that according to him
it wasn’t necessarily independent
and I want to salute him for that
but let’s consider that it’s
independent well it’s the
axis of do I like it love
and you put it on the y-axis
because in English y is pronounced why
and so why so how do I work
and why do I work
and here you have 4 types of players
the one who does I might start even more
simply I’m convinced that everything
that surrounds us everything the
human being makes
if we could make it talk you know
if we could have a sort of Last Judgement
of all the human creations
for example plastic bags that
are in the ocean right now if we
asked to most of human products
why are you here little product
what are you doing here plastic
bag well 95% of the time the product
would tell you I’m here because
Chinese:
然后是与之垂直的Y轴，我把它称为“Love”，
它代表你喜欢的职业。
Y轴，英文字母“Y”读音是“Why”，指“为什么”。
也就是我怎么工作和我为什么做这个工作。
该坐标系使我们可以把职业人区分为四种类型。
说到人类制造的产品，各人有各人的评判，
比如塑料袋，
它们现在正在海洋深处飘浮，
如果我们对这些人造制品提问，
为什么要生产这些产品？
回答是：95%的产品是因为市场需求，
English:
there’s a market you dumbass it’s the case for
95% of human creations and that’s
why they don’t inspire people because
I’m here because there’s a market
isn’t something inspiring but it’s a
necessity ok well not even a necessity
but it’s another subject but yes 95% of
products made by humans would
answer this to you if you asked them
why are you here little products
lame products but really lame
products
I’m talking Russian motorcycles
here I’m travelling to Senegal
I meet a marabout so obviously
on the hut he displayed a list
of miracles he did so love glory beauty
return of loved one healing of
ingrown toenail and his finishing
argument is I even start Russian motorcycles
so there’re multiplying bread
changing water to wine resurrecting
the dead walking on water and for the
real ones there’s starting Russian
motorcycle so it tells you a lot about
Chinese:
正因如此，它不能鼓舞人心。
如果我的工作只是为了市场需求，我感受不到激励。
因为那是一种必需，
甚至还谈不上是一种必需，不过这是另一个话题。
总之，人类制造的95%的产品是为了响应市场需求。
糟糕的产品，注意，我说的是那些真的很糟糕的产品，
比如俄罗斯的摩托，
有一次我在塞内加尔，
遇到了一位伊斯兰教的法师，
在他门外的牌匾上写着他能实现的奇迹，
爱情，荣耀，美貌，重新被喜欢，嵌甲……
而他的王牌是：启动俄罗斯摩托。
可见“启动俄罗斯摩托”已挤身于倍增面包，变水为酒，复活死人，水上行走等神迹。
English:
Russian motorcycle
and when you ask a dude who made the
Russian motorcycle let’s say in the
50’s why are you making
motorcycle comrade because comrade
Stalin asked it to me I wanted to be
a vet at first but he told me you make
motorcycle now so I’m making
motorcycle now it bothered me
making it so it will bother you
driving it everything is fine we’re
laughing now
but actually there’s too many
classes too many classes in this
situation actually too many classes
that are in the situation of
it bothers me teaching this class so it
will bother you following it that’s how
it is in France teaching for a
research professor is called the
charge the problem is a teacher
who is suffering isn’t a nice
teacher and here is all the paradox
when you believe when you’re
convinced that if you suffer you’ll
do a better job
well you can’t imagine one second
that when the class is better
you can enjoy it
if giving those conference was
Chinese:
如果问为什么要生产这些摩托车？
在50年代生产摩托的同志们回答你，
呃，是斯大林同志要求生产的。
我本来想成为一名兽医，却被要求来生产摩托，
这个工作使我很烦恼，所以生产的货物也背负着这种烦恼。
我们对此一笑了之，但实际上有很多课程是在这样的情况下产生的。
“不得不做自己的工作”——这就是在如今的学校里的绝大多数学生和教师的情况，
老师们和学生们都痛苦。
在法国，带研究生的老师被称为“la charge”，意为“重负”。
问题在于，一个受苦的老师不是一位令人愉快的老师。
这就是悖论，
我们以为，当我们为工作受苦时，
我们的工作成绩更好。
哪怕仅一刻，我们也无法想象，
如果我们在学习时很快乐，那会学得更好。
对我来说，如果我讨厌做讲座，
我早就停止了。
English:
bothering me I would have stopped
a long time ago when you like what
you’re doing you normally
pay more attention to the details and
as Leonard said it’s the attention to details
that makes the excellence and the
excellence isn’t a detail to pay attention
to the details you need to like it
for example in an hotel a good room
is a room where attention was
paid everywhere on the floor
I don’t know the lamps attention
on each square meter
it will give you the quality of
an hotel room very often the attention
to square meter to pay attention
to square meter but it also
works for a field in the agricultural
world a culture has a very high added
value
for example the vine and
let’s say not anywhere in
Champagne it’s attention on square
meter that has nothing to do
with vines in the American Midwest
so once you’ve got this
diagram the truly amazing
products to me are those that
say I’m here because mom and
dad loved each other take for example birds
Chinese:
当我们做自己喜欢的事时，
我们会更注重细节。
就像达芬奇说的那样：“是细节成就卓越。”
以酒店客房为例，
一间漂亮的客房是我们对每一平方米都精心布置的结果。
地毯，灯具等等，不放过任何一个细节。
我们称它为“注意平方米” 。
这种“注意平方米”也适用于其它领域，
如农业，如葡萄种植，
尤其在香槟产区，这种“注意平方米”更是体现无余，
与美国中西部的规模化完全不同。
现在，面对这张图，
对我来说，真正卓越的产品，
是制造者像父母爱子女般地爱自己的产品，
Chinese:
比如教堂就不是为了市场而建造的。
当然，也存在市场，你看，
伊斯坦布尔的圣索菲亚大教堂的现存建筑在当时仅用了五年就建成了，
这与我们想像的相反，
可见我们知道该怎样在五年内就建成，
这一被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产的建筑物。
但是主教座堂（大教堂）的建造历时120年，
因为我们想要这样，
看看那些哥特式大教堂，
仅从它的建筑外观就可以深刻感受到“注意平方米”，
每块石头都经过精细切割。
意大利热那亚的一座罗马天主教教堂，
据说有一位工匠的狗在建造期间死了，
这位工匠就在一个门墙上雕刻了它的狗的形象，
这种“注意平方米”的比率之高无以伦比。
为了一件可以不必付出如此多的“At”的事，
而付出如此多的“At”，必须有爱，
没有太多其他的办法。
English:
or cathedrals
the cathedrals
they can’t say I’m here because there’s
a market dumbass there was a
market of course but you see the
Saint Sophie basilica in Istanbul was
built in 5 years so contrary to
what we believe they knew how to
build huge buildings that are
still part today of the
UNESCO
they knew how to do this in 5 years
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02:46:19,659 --> 02:46:24,540
but cathedrals
took 120 years because we wanted it
and what can you observe on
the gothic cathedral
a quantity of attention to square meter
on the front that is huge
each stone is cut each stone is
precisely cut there’s a
cathedral in Geneva where there’s
an artisan his dog died during the
construction so he represented his dog
next to a door the level of TA to square
meter is very high and to spend
as much TA on a thing that could have
take less well you have to
like it
there’re not too many other solutions
English:
and here you have something
that will inspire you for centuries
this is what I call products above
the fray above the fray it’s
you and the rest of the world
so if we want to go back on a
pragmatic area to a low economic
world well yes we can
cite apple without any problem
because apple from a cultural point
of view is messy
that is Chris Martin the leader
of the group Coldplay so the
rock star and Gwyneth Paltrow the
Hollywood actress had a daughter
how did they named her apple
the question is who’s going to call
his daughter Samsung it’s not normal
apple has the world record of the
number of nights spent in front of
a shop 27 who is going to spend 27 nights
in front of Darty it’s not normal in
business school they tell you that
it’s not possible because there’s a
Chinese:
于是，有一些事物能一直地，乃至几个世纪地激励人们，
这就是我所说的脱颖而出的产品。
脱颖而出者，其卓越程度在业内无可匹敌。
如果想要实用一些的例子，
可以引用苹果的事例，没有任何问题，
因为从文化角度来看苹果，
那简直就是“nawak”（荒唐）。
比如，克里斯马丁（酷玩乐队的主唱），
和格温妮丝帕特洛（好莱坞著名女演员）结婚后生有一个女儿，
你们能猜到这个女孩叫什么名字吗？
“Appel” （苹果）!
试问有人会给女儿起名叫“Samsung”（三星）吗？
苹果还拥有世界纪录：在苹果的销售店前度过的夜晚数，
27个晚上。
有谁会在Darty（法国著名家电销售商店）前度过27个晚上？
这种非常态事例，在商科院的教科书里是找不到的，
Chinese:
就神经人体工程学心理方面来说，这是不可能的。
然后是追随者，
他们与“脱颖而出者”一样有本事，
但追随者们被教导了竞争就是在比赛中胜出，
而卓越不是为了在比赛中胜出，
正如大教堂不是为比赛而建造的，
不如说它是合作的产物。
已有不少著作提到合作竞争理论，
讲述怎样使人们既合作又竞争。
例如NASA的一位飞行员，
他上初中时一直成绩很好，
有一天，他的母亲对他说，
从现在起，我不需要知道你的成绩，
我想知道的是你在学习上帮助了多少同学，
而这就是你的新成绩。
这就是合作竞争。
总之，追随者们不理解，他们只有一个维度，
他们就好像那些在柏拉图寓言里讲到的，
在洞穴里生活的人，
English:
psychological aspect neuro ergonomic if
I want to use the exact terms
above the fray then the follower has
the same expertise the same as the
one above by the way he doesn’t
understand because the follower was
taught that competition was
in a single dimension and that the
excellence I really don’t like the word
competition because a cathedral
wasn’t built by competition
or whether in the competition
of cooperating there’re people
who wrote books on that how to put
people into the competition of
cooperating for example Cheick Modibo
Diarra who was an interplanetary
navigator at NASA when he was
coming from school in Mali one day he
told his mother he had a good grade and
she said from now on I don’t want to
know what is your grade I want to
know how many pupils you have helped
that’s your new grade and that’s the
competition of cooperating well in any
case the follower doesn’t understand
because to him
the excellence can be only put on one axis
so he is in a shaded world
like in the cavern myth of
Plato he is in a world governed
by shadows so he sees the shadow
English:
of the other on his own wall and his
own wall is do I know how to do
the job and he sees that the
shadow is at the same level of his
he doesn’t understand because the other
one lives in a world where there’s
an additional dimension that is do I like
it then you have the forced incoming
it’s the guy who doesn’t know
how to do the job and who doesn’t
want to do it but has to we’re
here in the waste area the fact
that we can’t solve waste today
is because we’re here it’s
because we have to do it because
it’s dangerous there’s a plastic
continent in the pacific but I don’t
know how to do it I don’t want to
but I have to
that’s why we’re not efficient
the best in waste treatment
I’m sending you back to the excellent
work of Gauter Pauli the best in
waste are here those are
people who are doing it because
they almost think it’s funny to
try and retreat waste and then you
have the Silicon Valley’s
garages
who take the job because
they like it not because they know
how to do it who might say the google
boys were PHD students in Stanford
maybe but one they never finished
their thesis and two next to them
there was AOL and those guys had
Chinese:
他们只能看见在墙上的光影，
光影就是他们擅长的这个职业，
但是看不见光源。
其他人生活的世界里，还有其它维度，
这就是我是否喜欢。
接下来的一种类型是强制进入者，
这类人不得不做自己的工作，
这再糟糕不过了。
我们至今未能解决的垃圾的处理工作，就是这个类型，
我们在这里，是因为我们必须做，
因为塑料袋在大洋里漂浮，
但是我不知道该怎么做，我也不想做，
但又必须去做，
这正是我们效率不高的原因。
在这方面做得好的人很多，比如冈特鲍利，
这些人做得最好，是因为他们认为废物处理很有趣，
他们几乎视此工作为一种游戏。
最后一种是硅谷车库，
他们投身于某一职业，是因为他们喜欢，
并不是因为他们会做。
如谷歌的创始人，
他们曾经在斯坦福准备他们的博士论文，
但他们并没有完成他们的博士论文。
而他们面对的AOL（美国在线）团队，
Chinese:
有着诺贝尔级的水平的成员。
他们的本领完全不同。
苹果也是如此，他们的初创团队里有人取得了计算机本科学位，
如史蒂夫沃兹尼亚克，
而他们面对的是IBM，
IBM也拥有诺贝尔级的成员。
也就是说，硅谷车库类型的公司的“Can Do”
根本不能与IBM或AOL这样的大公司相比。
他们是出于喜欢而进入这个行业，
他们的全部知识是通过做事精确，坚持不懈，敢于承担风险获取的，
是因为他们的“love”很高。
当我们热爱时，就会做事精确，坚持不懈，敢于承担风险。
下面的红色箭头，
就好像是在每天早上喝的奶昔里加入百忧解（抗抑郁的药物），
糟糕的不仅是你从事着自己不擅长的工作，
并且你还为此痛苦。
上面的红色箭头，
我把它叫做“El Comino Real”（王者之道），
English:
Nobel prices at the executive board
it wasn’t the same expertise at all same
for apple there was a guy
who was finishing his degree
he was named Steve Wozniak and was
finishing an informatics degree ok but
next to him there was IBM and there were
also Nobel prices at the executive
board we can’t say that the can do
was comparable to those big
players like IBM or AOL but you
take the job because you like it
and you’ll learn your expertise
thanks to precision
perseverance and risk taking because
you have a high love and when the
love is high precision perseverance
and risk taking
the bottom arrow is the arrow
of Prozac milkshakes every mornings
it’s the arrow of mental
breakdowns the worst is not only
you won’t be the best but in addition
you’ll suffer you’ll be the best in
the suffering field that’s for sure
the top arrow I called it in
my work el camino real
which means the royal path
because it’s the name of the avenue
Chinese:
在硅谷有一条路就叫这个名字，
因为做事精确，坚持不懈，敢于承担风险，
你才能走在这条路上，
而所有这些，带给你极大的享受。
总结：人是一颗果实，
它有两种方式产值，
是一颗可以压榨或种植的果实，
如果选择压榨，得到的是一杯橙汁，
如果选择种植，得到的是橙树，
选择吧，同志们。
对我来说，“love can do”的最佳事例是他——Wallace Chan（陈世英），
国际上最具影响力的珠宝设计雕刻大师之一，
这不是我说的，是美国《罗博报告》及各大珠宝品牌公司评定的。
陈世英谢绝了Bernard Arnault，François Pinault（法国富豪）的购买意向。
他本来准备成为佛门弟子，
佛门之内，不会有时间让你把弄宝石，
有一天，算是顿悟吧，
English:
on silicon valley it’s the royal path
because you learn what you’re doing
with precision perseverance and risk
taking and it gives you so much
joy to sum it up the human is
a fruit
there’s two ways of making
benefit or GDP or whatever you want
with it you can either squeeze it
or plant it
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02:51:18,470 --> 02:51:21,510
if you squeeze it you’ll have a glass of
orange juice
if you plant it you’ll have an orange tree
choose your side man
and to me the best example of love
can is this dude here named Wallace
Chan is the best jeweller
on earth I didn’t say it it’s all the
big brands and this guy
here refuses to sell to
Bernard Arnault and Francois Pinault
this guy was prepared to be a Buddhist
monk so it’s not a job where you
have to play with
gemstones every morning
until one day
he has a sort of connection
Chinese:
他立志成为一名珠宝设计师。
他的父母让他放弃这个念头，
他的兄弟姐妹，他的朋友们……所有的人，
都劝他忘记这个想法，
大家都是真心为他着想。
他也努力尝试不再去想，但他做不到。
现在，我要请你想象一下，
请你想像一条项链，
它是用最美丽的宝石镶成，
两只灵动的蝎子镶以红宝石和绿宝石，
在它们之间的是一颗硕大的猫眼。
这是他从事珠宝设计20年后制作的，
如果你输入“Wallace Chan”，
就可以在网上看到他的作品。
佳得士和苏富比，世界上最大的拍卖商，
English:
he can’t
stop thinking of jewellery
he can’t stop it his parents
try to make him forget because
he has to be a monk he has to
forget it his sister tells him to forget it
his brother too his best friend too
everyone tells him to forget it for
his own good they only want
the best for him and he would like
to forget it but he can’t he doesn’t
have a choice so I’ll ask you to
imagine a necklace
with the prettiest gemstones
ever gathered by a jeweller with
two scorpions set with ruby all over
their body and a huge
opal in the middle and that’s what
he did 20 years later that is
this Wallace Chan 20 years later
creates I invite you to watch his
work on internet
Wallace chan c h a n he creates
a necklace completely crazy there’s
only one
Christie’s and Sotheby’s so the best
Chinese:
已经证实：他拒绝售出一条项链，
（请你们坐稳了）—— 一条价值2.1亿美元的项链。
他说“我要留着它。”
他不是为了市场而存在的，
你们不要为他担心，
他生活得很好，
他不卖，因为这个作品就像是他的孩子，
所以要留在身边。
你们知道的，达·芬奇的名作《救世主》（意大利语：Salvator Mundi）
于2017年在佳士得纽约拍卖出4.5亿美元，
买家是沙特王子巴德尔。
对陈世英来说，他的存在，他的作品，不是为了市场需要。
就像他的其它作品，
比如，他做了一条漂亮的鱼，
此作品以一颗稀有的紫黄晶为主题，
紫黄晶因其同时呈现至少紫、黄两种颜色而得名，
English:
auction sellers in the world
confirmed that this guy has refused
a are you sited 210 millions dollars
sell
no I’m keeping it
so here the guy can’t say I’m here
because there’s a market so
don’t worry for him he lives well
everything is fine but here no
this time he said this one is my baby
I’m keeping it you know that there
was an auction for this last
Leonardo da Vinci the last
one sold to Salvator Mundi 560 by the
prince of Saudi Arabia this one I don’t
know much it costs
a luxurious apartment in New York
because this guy has refused 100 actually
so he can’t say I’m here because
5222
02:53:47,979 --> 02:53:50,159
there’s a market
it’s not possible
like other realisations he has done
he created a gorgeous fish I’m
also asking you to imagine do you see an
ametrine it is a
English:
citrist and an amethyst in the same stone
you have one purple part
it’s the amethyst part and you have
a yellow part it’s the citrine part
and he used this fade to create
a sunset and to
represent a cathedral on it
it’s crazy
it’s a technic called tenons and mortises
in fact there isn’t you know
usually jewellery books say
that when you have found a ruby
Coeur de pigeon like that you
absolutely have to crimp it why
because it mustn’t fall
with a price like that it can’t
fall from the ring but when
you’re Wallace Chang and that to you
the ring is alive as the Sufis
say it’s beauty’s nature that
to desire the manifestation so
I won’t put beauty into a cage so I
won’t crimp it with
claws
because it would alter it’s beauty
so when Wallace Chance works on a ruby
like that his goal in life is to
try to put the less claws
possible on it
so it’s the small stones that
hold the big one that is the frame
5259
02:54:53,890 --> 02:54:57,129
is in titanium there’s a
frame between the two can you see it
Chinese:
所以鱼身上即有紫色，也有黄色，
他利用这些颜色在鱼身上刻了一座映在日落里的立体皇宫。
再看这枚叹为观止的戒指，
它使用的是陈世英研创的嵌接技术。
通常，爪镶工艺是宝石类首饰镶嵌的主要手法，
如果你有一颗这样的鸽血红宝石，
我们必须把它镶牢，
绝对不能让它脱落，
那可是天价啊。
但是，你看看陈世英的作品，
他做的戒指是有生命的，
为了呈现自然美，
不出现人为的痕迹，
在他的珠宝作品中,很难发现“镶爪”。
他撇除传统金属爪脚的应用，
给进行镶嵌的物料作特殊的切割，
形成榫与榫眼一样的凿枘，
令不同的物料无需爪脚亦能互相紧扣。
再有，传统的珠宝设计多以黄金或白金作为骨干，
而陈世英则另辟蹊径选择了钛金属。
你们看，中间就是钛金属架。
Chinese:
为什么要选钛？因为钛很轻。
但是很难加工，
被焊接时很脆，会断裂。
我想告诉你们的是，
这个戒指的大宝石是由小宝石来扣紧的，
真是鬼斧神工！
就像埃及人制造的无钉子的船。
再有，使用钛做的珠宝是非常轻的，
我在Instagram里发布过一个胸针照片，
当时，我在伦敦见到他，
他把一枚价值17万美元的胸针别在我的肩上，
吓得我一动也不敢动，就像是游戏里的“木头人”。
该胸针以马型天然翡翠為主件，衬以各种宝石，以钛金属镶制。
这个胸针极轻，轻得你几乎感觉不到，
English:
here it’s titanium why because
titanium is light but it’s difficult
to work on it titanium is very
breakable and in fact what I
wanted to show you
is that the big stone is maintained by
the smaller ones
it’s completely crazy it’s like the
no bolt no screw technique
invented by the Egyptians when they
constructed boats he did it for
an entire ring so this titanium
frame makes those jewels
very light I posted on my instagram
account because I had the
chance to meet him in London and he
put on my shoulder a 17 millions dollars
pin and from there I couldn’t move
at that moment you realize
that you don’t have the insurance
to cover you in case of an accident
it was crazy it was Pegasus whose
head was crimped in a diamond
champagne coloured with
winged horses on a titanium
frame so very light and that’s the
thing you can’t feel it you could
English:
almost forget it I can imagine that
your banker could never but well
and finally a technique he patented
the Wallace cut to cut a portrait
into an aquamarine well
that guy
to conclude everything is the human
equivalent of this
that is if you inject love
into a small bird’s brain
it gives you this it’s impressive
BBC makes documentaries
about how impressive it is and people
are watching it it’s
impressive it captures TA
but when you inject love into the
86 milliards neurons of the human
brain
that’s not the same right away
and that’s my subject to produce or
to flourish you don’t have to choose
anymore and to conclude
I couldn’t resist the idea of trying a
quick experience please
stand up stand up please
Chinese:
会忘记你戴着它，当然保险公司绝不会忘记。
最后，这是用他发明的，以他的名字命名的“Wallace Cut”雕刻法，
在一块海蓝宝上雕刻的希腊神话里的荷莱女神。
总之，这是人类杰作的代表，只有这些自然界的杰作可与之相比拟。
也就是说，如果你在这只小鸟的大脑里注入“爱”，
就能得到那个BBC记录片里令人印象深刻的示爱亭，
因为这个记录片是如此地令人印象深刻，所以捕获了无数的“AT”。
同样，当你向一个拥有860亿个神经元的人类大脑注入“爱”，
结果将是无法想像的。
这就是我的研究主题 —— 永远不应该在生产率和快乐之间做选择。
最后，我无法抗拒这个想法 —— 让我们一起来做个体验吧，
起立，请你们起立，活动一下腿脚，
Chinese:
我很自责，因为我讲的时间太长了，
所以让我们一起做个体验，
虽然我超时了，但是我有好好地照料你们吧？
在长时间坐立不动后活动一下身体，感觉很舒适吧。
嗯，你们所有人都起立，整整齐齐地排列着，
你们知道这叫做什么吗？
这叫“最不为豪的起立致敬”。
谢谢！
【鼓掌】
【音乐】
English:
it will warm you up I know I
talked too much so a quick
experience for you first I talked too
much it will warm you up I take good
care of you it’s nice
to stretch a bit well
all of you here all of you here
standing up like that in a row you
know what it is it’s the most disgusting
way to receive a standing ovation
thank you
[applause]
[Music]
[Music]
[applause]
|
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Hi everyone, it's Andy LaCivita founder of
Milewalk and the Milewalk Academy, and the
award-winning author of the Hiring Prophecies
here with today's episode of tips for work
and life, today we're going to talk about
cover letters.
When I say cover letters what I really mean
is any means you're going to use to introduce
yourself to the employer.
That could be a cover letter, if companies
still require one.
It can be an email, perhaps with your resume
attached, and it could be an application tracking
system where they allow you to provide some
notes about you, yourself, things that they
should know about you.
Really it's whatever means you're going to
use to introduce yourself.
Now, there's a couple of precursors that I
want to mention right before we dive into
the four sentences.
There's three things that your introduction
should do, and I believe you can do those
in four sentences, but I want to talk a little
bit about just cover letters and what the
purpose was.
Remember, keep in mind, cover letters are
from a long time ago when we didn't have computers
and we didn't have emails and we didn't have
application tracking systems, and you had
to mail your resume to an employer about a
job opportunity or a job opening that you
saw or was advertised.
You needed to insert that cover letter to
introduce yourself, to let them know what
it was you were applying for.
They didn't really understand that.
Now we have these systems that tag your resume
and your name to particular jobs that you
apply to, it's much different now.
Regardless you still need to effectively introduce
yourself, so regardless of whether you're
doing that in an attached document or whether
you're doing that in an email introduction
or whether you're doing that through an applicant
tracking system, there's three things you
ultimately need to do.
You want to make sure that when you do them
you're respecting the person's time.
The average person today, let alone the average
person who is recruiting for many positions,
gets about 150 emails every day.
Somebody who's hiring for a position might
get twice that many or three times that many,
so you want to make sure that whatever you
do you're being brief and you're respecting
their time.
Trust me when I tell you that most people
are moving at such a break neck pace, most
of those recruiters just want to open that
resume, look to see if you are a good fit
for that particular position or another position
in their company.
Many of them are not going to take the time
to read a lengthy intro or a lengthy cover
letter, so just keep that in mind.
Okay, one other little housekeeping item.
I talked a few weeks ago about how to build
your ultimate professional resume.
If you haven't seen that episode yet, check
it out on my blog, I put the link down in
the notes.
There's some good tips and tricks and formatting
items that I addressed in that particular
lesson or episode that I think is going to
be really helpful for you to understand as
we talk about these four sentences that you
need to do.
First thing, how to address that intro.
Dear whoever it is, and I know there are many
ways you can figure out who that is, or dear
sir or madam, or to whom it may concern, or
whatever intro you are comfortable using.
I'm writing to inquire about the opening for,
so now you're telling them exactly why you're
inquiring.
It's just one sentence, period, that's it,
let them know why.
Go to the next break, make a new paragraph
so that they now can get the meat and potatoes.
This is the what you offer and why you're
qualified.
I would just say that I offer X years of experience
in whatever your specialty is, and would make
me a strong candidate for this opening.
That's obviously your opinion, but I think
it's a nice way to collect that and give them
some insight that you do believe you are a
strong candidate.
They want to hear that.
Then what I would do is I would just add one
more sentence in that paragraph, and just
say the top portion of my attached resume
highlights my career profile and three significant
accomplishments that are also in alignment
with this position.
Now what you're doing is you're creating intrigue.
You're telling them exactly where they can
find the information that they need in order
to know whether or not you'd be a could candidate,
and it won't take them very long to see it.
Then I would make a break, and then the last
little sentence I would make is, I'd welcome
the opportunity to speak with you if you feel
I'd be a strong candidate for this or any
position in your organization.
It's extremely important that you add the
any other position in your organization.
People need help with how to think these days.
Everybody is moving so quickly, it's not because
they're not smart, but you just want to make
sure that they recognize that number one you're
open to it, and number two that they should
be thinking that way.
You don't want them to just open your resume,
look at it, and say, "Eh.
He or she's not a fit for the position that
they applied for."
You want to remind them to make sure that
they think about all positions in their company.
It may sound very obvious, it may sound like
common sense, but when you're moving so quickly
it's not always common practice.
Okay, so there it is.
I'm writing to inquire about what the position
is, I offer X years of experience, I have
strong these skills.
Top portion of my resume highlights my career
profile and my significant accomplishments,
which puts me in alignment with the position.
I'd welcome the opportunity and so on.
Now one other thing you might be thinking,
why not put those highlights and that detail
in the cover letter?
The cover letter's purpose, it should be brief,
it should tell them why you're qualified,
but you want to create intrigue.
You ultimately want to get them to open your
resume.
Most of them are going to be inclined to do
that anyway, so you don't need to give them
more in the email.
You don't want them to see this much.
I recommend reserving that for the resume.
Perhaps you put one significant accomplishment,
but I think you can do this in four sentences,
five at the very most.
That's it for today.
One other item I want to let you know, if
you like this type of information I've got
a training course coming up with everything
that's careers related, so it's all this in
much more depth.
Everything from finding your purpose, writing
resumes, cover letters, interviewing, all
the way to career acceleration and all that
good stuff.
Everything careers related.
Also, I'd love to hear from you.
If you have any insight, any questions about
this, drop down to the comments section, let
me know you're here.
Ask me any questions, share it.
I always welcome the shares, and until next
week, we'll see you.
|
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AND HAVING SOME VERY SERIOUS
DISCUSSIONS ABOUT MANY THINGS.
I DO WANT TO IF I MAY INTERCEDE
FOR JUST A SECOND.
WE HAVE JUST SANCTIONED THE
IRANIAN NATIONAL BANK, THAT IS
THEIR CENTRAL BANKING SYSTEM,
AND IT IS GOING TO BE AT THE
HIGHEST LEVEL OF SANCTIONS.
SO THAT JUST TOOK PLACE.
A COUPLE OF OTHER THINGS.
WE HAVE OUR SECRETARY OF THE
TREASURY HERE, STEVE MNUCHIN IF
YOU WANT TO SAY A WORD.
>> AS YOU INSTRUCTED WE'RE
CONTINUING THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE
CAMPAIGN.
THE LAST REMAINING SOURCE OF
FUNDS FOR BOTH THE CENTRAL BANK
OF IRAN AS WELL AS THE NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUNDS WHICH IS
THEIR SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND
WILL BE CUT OFF FROM OUR
BANKING SYSTEM.
SO THIS WILL MEAN NO MORE FUNDS
GOING TO THE ROGC TO FUND
TERROR ON TOP OF OUR OIL
SANCTIONS AND OUR FINANCIAL
INSTITUTION SANCTIONS.
THANK YOU, MR. PRESIDENT.
THIS IS VERY BIG.
WE'VE CUT OFF ALL SOURCE OF
FUNDS TO IRAN.
>> GOES ALL THE WAY UP TO THE
TOP.
>> President Trump: RIGHT TO
THE TOP.
RIGHT TO THE TOP.
YES, RIGHT TO THE TOP.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
APPRECIATE IT.
SO WE'RE DEALING WITH MANY
NATIONS.
WE'RE DEALING WITH SOME OF THE
NEIGHBORS TO SAUDI ARABIA AND,
OF COURSE, WE'RE DEALING WITH
SAUDI ARABIA.
SAUDI ARABIA IS VERY MUCH
INVOLVED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF
WHAT WE'RE DOING AND WHAT
THEY'RE DOING AND WE'RE WORKING
TOGETHER WITH OTHERS.
WE'RE ALSO WORKING ON THE COST
OF THIS WHOLE ENDEAVOR AND
SAUDI ARABIA HAS BEEN VERY
GENEROUS.
WE WANT TO SEE IF IT WORKS OUT.
IF IT WORKS OUT, THAT'S GREAT.
IF IT DOESN'T WORK OUT, THAT'S
GREAT.
IN THE END IT ALWAYS WORKS OUT.
THAT'S THE WAY IT IS.
IT ALWAYS WORKS OUT.
YOU WILL BE SEEING CERTAIN
THINGS HAPPENING BUT A VERY
MAJOR FACTOR IS WHAT WE DID.
THE HIGHEST SANCTIONS EVER
IMPOSED ON A COUNTRY.
WE'VE NEVER DONE IT TO THIS
LEVEL.
AND IT IS TOO BAD WHAT'S
HAPPENING WITH IRAN.
IT IS GOING TO HELL.
DOING POORLY.
THEY ARE PRACTICALLY BROKE.
THEY ARE BROKE.
AND THEY COULD SOLVE THE
PROBLEM VERY EASILY.
ALL THEY HAVE TO DO IS STOP
WITH THE TERROR.
THEY HAVE BEEN THE NUMBER ONE
AS YOU KNOW, SCOTT, VERY WELL,
NUMBER ONE COUNTRY WORLDWIDE OF
TERROR BETWEEN SPONSORING IT
AND DOING IT THEMSELVES.
AND WE CAN'T HAVE IT.
THEY HAVE A TREMENDOUS
POTENTIAL.
INCREDIBLE POTENTIAL.
I CAN SPEAK ON BEHALF OF
AUSTRALIA, TOO, IN THE SENSE WE
WOULD LIKE TO SEE THEM DO VERY
WELL.
WE WERE DISCUSSING IT BEFORE,
THE PRIME MINISTER AND MYSELF.
WE WANT TO SEE THEM DO WELL.
IT LOOKS TO ME LIKE WITH WHAT'S
HAPPENING MAYBE THEY WANT TO
KEEP GOING AT IT.
AND WHEN THEY GO AT IT WITH US
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The pro-German narrative says that the Germans
didn’t really have any problems (except
logistical) until they got into the city of
Stalingrad. Only when they entered the urban
area did they lose their amazing Blitzkrieg
capabilities, and got ground down by attritional
fighting. Thus, it’s Paulus’s fault for
entering the city, or madman Hitler’s fault
as well for wanting to go there in the first
place. Yet, on the eve of the city-fight at
Stalingrad, the German statistics show a different
story.
Here are 6th Army’s divisions at this time,
and they should have had 123 infantry or panzergrenadier
battalions. I’d like to point out that this
doesn’t include their engineer, or signals,
or reconnaissance, or panzerjäger battalions,
nor their artillery regiments and other supporting
units. This is purely the infantry and panzergrenadier
battalions that were part of their infantry
or panzergrenadier regiments.
But even though this isn’t a complete picture,
it’s very revealing.
On the 17th of August 1942, this is the number
of battalions that these formations actually
had. Excluding 22nd Panzer Division, they
should have had 117 battalions, and they were
down to 104. So they had lost 13 battalions
at this point, meaning they were down to 84.5%
of the total battalions that they should have
had (excluding 22nd Panzer).
Not too bad. However these 104 battalions
aren’t at full strength.
Many of them were only at 40 or 50% of their
combat or fighting strength. Some were doing
better than others - Wietersheim’s Corps
with the 3rd and 60th Motorized and 16th Panzer
Divisions (the top three divisions here) had
panzergrenadier battalions at around 65% in
strength. But, notice that the number of panzergrenadier
battalions in 3rd Motorized and 16th Panzer
Divisions has decreased. They’re now at
4 each. So the high percentages are only there
because they’d condensed their men into
fewer battalions. If they’d still had 6
battalions, that percentage would drop significantly.
So really, 60th Motorized Division is the
stronger of the three divisions in terms of
panzergrenadier battalions. Which is interesting
because Wietersheim decided to use his two
weaker divisions to lead the corps to the
Don. Yes, 16th Panzer Division should probably
go first because it has the most panzers,
but why follow it up with the weaker of the
two motorized divisions - 3rd Motorized Division?
Why not the healthier 60th Motorized Division?
An interesting question to ask.
And looking at the other divisions, we see
some more interesting figures. 71st and 376th
Infantry Divisions had infantry battalions
as low as 31%. But at least they had their
full number of battalions, even if they were
all weak. By contrast, 100th Jäger Division
(not including the Croatian Legion) had not
only decreased the number of jäger battalions
they had from 6 to 4, but those 4 now had
an average combat strength of just 28%. And
the unit attached to 100th Jäger Division
- the Croatian Legion Regiment - was at 70%
strength, but that’s only because it had
reduced the number of battalions from 3 to
1. So this division was battered. It was by
far the weakest division in 6th Army at this
point. It had suffered horribly during the
battles for the Don Bend and Kalach - the
battles we’ve just witnessed. So just by
looking at these numbers, it’s clear that
the Axis didn’t have a nice easy stroll
through the steppe on their way to Stalingrad
and then only started losing once they were
in the city. No, they were already suffering
outside the city. That old narrative is now
both dead and buried.
Alright, but there’s something else going
on here as well. Let’s take a look at the
number of battalions on the 24th of August
1942. The 105 battalion figure is slightly
misleading because we now have an extra three
battalions from 22nd Panzer Division, which
we didn’t have before. So, if the number
of battalions had remained the same, they
should have been at 107 battalions. But they’re
not at 107, they’re at 105, meaning they’ve
lost two battalions. And that’s true: the
376th Infantry Division is down by one battalion,
and the 100th Jäger Division is down by another
battalion as well. All the rest are the same.
Also, 100th Jäger Division’s strength is
now at 44%, but that’s only because it’s
reduced the number of battalions from 4 to
3, not because it’s received reinforcements.
Some divisions did receive reinforcements
though. 44th, 71st, 76th, 79th and 113th Infantry
Divisions all got a boost to the strength
of their battalions. However, many of the
other divisions were losing strength faster
than the reinforcements could replenish them.
And, looking to the future slightly, it was
Seydlitz’s 51st Army Corps that would go
into the city of Stalingrad first in order
to try and take it on the march. Well, which
divisions did he take into the city? He took
the 71st, 295th and 389th Infantry Divisions.
As we can see, 71st and 389th Infantry Divisions
were at their full complement of 9 battalions
each, but were at 36% and 32% strength respectively.
And the 295th Infantry Division’s battalions
were at 65% strength, but that’s only because
it had 7 battalions, not 9. So this was a
pretty weak force to be sending into Stalingrad
in the initial attack where you’re hoping
to take the city in one decisive strike.
If you’re trying to take Stalingrad in one
decisive strike, why not swap these depleted
divisions for some of the better divisions,
like the 44th, 76th or 79th Infantry Divisions?
Surely, if your priority is to take Stalingrad
on the march in one decisive strike, then
using your best divisions would make the most
sense. And this was, indeed, the argument
made in the post-war narrative - that the
6th Army’s best units sat on the Don, while
the weaker units went into the city.
And there’s some merit to this argument.
They could have easily swapped these divisions
out. 44th Infantry Division, for example,
had marched north to take over 60th Motorized
Division’s position along the Don prior
to the crossing of the Don. So 44th Infantry
Division could have relieved, say, the 295th
Infantry Division, which in turn could have
relieved 60th Motorized Division, and then
we would have seen 44th Infantry Division
crossing the Don and marching into Stalingrad.
That option was there. And yet, Paulus didn’t
take that option.
In fact, I was going to conclude that 6th
Army sent in its weakest units into the fight,
probably because Paulus didn’t want to sacrifice
his best units in the city, which may have
been the case. That was until Anton Joly pointed
out that - all of 6th Army’s units were
weak, and the difference between the best
and the worst units wasn’t actually that
much. The 6th Army deemed that most of its
divisions were only “suitable for limited
offensive tasks” anyway, so the differences
between the divisions wasn’t that substantial.
We should also remind ourselves that, at this
stage, Paulus expected the city to fall rapidly,
and so, from his point of view, it probably
didn’t matter which depleted units he used
for this attack. Arguably Paulus may not have
wanted to commit the best of his weak divisions
into the city and get them chewed up in urban
warfare. And he was worried about his northern
flank. But the differences were so small that
it could also be argued that none of these
reasons factored into the decision.
Whichever view you take, the most important
thing to note is that the divisions in the
6th Army were already depleted before they
got into the city fighting. And, for various
reasons, in the initial stages of the attack,
Paulus was sending in some pretty weak units
to take the city of Stalingrad. This fact
alone undermines the narrative that the Germans
had an easy ride up until they got into the
city, and it underlines the significance of
the fighting outside the city, which has been
neglected for too long.
As the Soviets counter-attacked the Germans
in the Kotluban region, to the west, 11th
Army Corps was still under pressure from Moskalenko’s
1st Guards Army. The Germans had to commit
two separate panzer detachments, as well as
the 22nd Panzer Division to halt the ongoing
Soviet attack.
And even further west, the 812th Rifle Regiment
of 304th Rifle Division moved across the Don
to the eastern flank of the 14th Guards Rifle
Division. Reacting to this, the ‘Savoy’
Cavalry Regiment counter-attacked this new
unit, causing heavy casualties on the Soviet
riflemen. The Soviets also claimed to have
killed 500 Italians in this action. But this
claim is clearly an exaggeration, because
the Italians had only lost 120 killed and
wounded by the 1st of September (in seven
days' time). In contrast, by the 1st of September,
the 304th Rifle Division had lost 94 killed,
351 wounded and 603 missing, indicating that
the Soviet side were the losers of this engagement.
And it’s worth pointing out that, as this
battle shows, Italian formations were not
necessarily the ‘pushovers’ that some
have claimed they were. In the right circumstances,
they could be quite effective, and could hold
their own. And so it’s worth bearing this
in mind as we move forward.
Worrying though for the Axis, the Germans
detected Pliev’s 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps,
which had begun to cross over the river. This
fresh commitment of forces had the potential
to overwhelm Axis units in the area, and Pliev
would be ready to launch his attack on the
next day - the 25th. Would the Axis be able
to react in time?
To the south, in the morning, the 71st Infantry
Regiment, supported by the 129th Panzer Battalion,
attacked the railway line between the 74km
and Tinguta Railway Stations. Meeting little
resistance, they easily captured the area
by mid-morning. With that mission fulfilled,
Fremerey’s units in this area were ordered
to move east to join the rest of the division’s
units in the lake-area, where they could guard
the army’s right flank. This would relieve
elements of the 24th Panzer Division, allowing
them to move north and also rejoin the bulk
of their division.
The Romanians also seem to have been attacking,
although details are scarce. Chuikov says
he was sent out by Shumilov to see what was
happening around Ivanovka. He drove from there
towards Vasilyevka, when he and his driver
suddenly found themselves in no man’s land
and being shot at by the enemy. Now, Chuikov
says they were Germans, but unless he has
the date wrong, it’s most likely that it
was Romanian troops who were firing at him.
Either way, they missed, and Chuikov managed
to get back to his own lines. However, he
happened to be wearing a non-Soviet coat,
and the riflemen of the 157th Rifle Division
looked upon him suspiciously.
“...had I not spoken to them in colloquial
Russian, we would probably have been met with
hand grenades, and my raincoat would have
been riddled with machine-gun bullets.”
After this, Chuikov helped direct the division’s
artillery, which scattered the Romanians moving
in the area. And, with the help of Kuropatenko,
a counter-attack was organized, and the Soviets
managed to retake the villages of Vasilyevka
and Kapkinskiy.
Otherwise not much happened in the south.
And this is understandable since both sides
had their problems. By this point some of
the Soviet units were in such a terrible state
that they were no longer combat worthy. As
Falk describes in his book “The 64th Army
at Stalingrad”, between the 126th and 29th
Rifle Divisions, was the Siberian 208th Rifle
Division. Battered by its previous combat,
and still in the line, this division was down
to just 502 men. It had no mortars or artillery
either, since they’d all been lost, and
only 6 anti-tank guns left. Well, as the Axis
assaulted their lines on this day, it was
decided to reinforce the 126th Rifle Division
with two cadet schools, a Guards Mortar Regiment,
and allow the division to absorb the remaining
troops of the 208th Rifle Division. The 208th
wouldn’t formally disband until November,
but for all intents and purposes, it now ceased
to exist.
Let’s just remind ourselves that the 208th
Rifle Division had only entered combat on
the 2nd of August 1942, after having many
of its troop trains blown up by Stuka attacks
as the division made its way to the battlefield.
It was disbanded in practice on the 24th of
August 1942. So, it had lasted 22 days - a
testament to the ferocious fighting that we’ve
witnessed so far.
But, of course, this battle has barely begun.
In fact, Hoth was now planning a new attack
in which he hoped to finally reach the city
of Stalingrad, which we still haven’t got
to yet. The aim of this new attack, which
would begin on the next day (the 25th of August),
was to occupy the high ground north-east of
Ivanovka, in order to allow a subsequent thrust
northwest towards Paulus’s army. So, to
give as much support to this attack as possible,
the 371st Infantry Division was pulled out
of the line and sent north, followed shortly
by the 94th Infantry Division. Also, as preparation
for this, Hauenschild reorganized his division.
The 24th Schützen Brigade was now in command
of the division’s two panzergrenadier regiments,
while 24th Panzer Regiment (with 85 panzers
at this time) was allowed to operate independently.
The 243rd Sturmgeschütz Battalion was also
in support of Hauenschild’s division, but
even with this help, it was clear that the
24th Panzer Division wouldn’t be able to
advance until Heim’s 14th Panzer Division
had attacked first and moved up to where 24th
Panzer Division was. So Heim would attack
first at 0500 hours, once elements of the
371st Infantry Division had moved into the
line and freed up Heim’s units.
Kempf had about 160 tanks (plus more tank
destroyers and StuGs) in 14th and 24th Panzer
Divisions. And what’s worth noting is that,
not only was there an ammunition shortage
at this time, but there was a shortage of
practically everything.
“Urgently necessary: lubricant, grease,
tyres, supply of panzer engines, general replacement
parts for new type vehicles, suspension springs,
bolts and nuts.”
Still, the Germans had more tanks than their
enemy. At this point, 13th Tank Corps had
just thirty-seven tanks. And while there were
some other depleted tank brigades in the area,
many of the Soviet tanks had actually been
transported half-complete from Stalingrad,
and were without engines. But even so, the
general lack of tanks on the German side was
going to be a problem, since they were the
ones who were attacking.
With the Germans bogged down in the Stalingrad
region, and in the Caucasus, and with Fall
Blau unravelling before their eyes, tensions
were high at the Führer’s headquarters.
Soviet troops were currently launching unceasing
attacks at Rzhev, and Halder now advised Hitler
to have the 9th Army fall back to a more defensive
line.
“You always come here with the same proposal,
that of withdrawal! I demand from the leadership
the same toughness as from the front-line
soldiers.”
“I have the toughness, my Führer. But out
there brave musketeers and lieutenants are
falling in thousands and thousands as useless
sacrifice in a hopeless situation simply because
their commanders are not allowed to make the
only reasonable decision, and have their hands
tied behind their backs.”
“What can you, who sat in the same swivel
stool in the First World War... tell me about
the troops, Herr Halder. You who don’t even
wear the black insignia of the wounded.”
Halder later sulked into his diary -
“Führer situation conference: Sharp clash
over interpretation of the situation at Rzhev,
where I perceive a distinct danger of attrition
for our forces.”
So yes, things weren’t going well in Hitler’s
court. But the situation wasn’t much better
on the Soviet side. At 2100 hours on the 24th
of August 1942, Khrushchev, Chuyanov, Malyshev
and Vasilevskii watched as Eremenko sent his
daily report of the situation to Moscow. The
previous evening, Vasilevskii had only managed
to send two short reports to Stalin, who hadn’t
taken them so well. Now he was about to get
the full report. And at 2300 hours, each of
these men grimly added their signatures to
the report, which was then sent to Moscow.
Now earlier in the day, Lopatin had asked
both Eremenko and the Red Army General Staff
if he could withdraw. And having not got a
reply, at midnight he sent in his own report,
in which he once again asked if he could withdraw.
Well, Stalin (who always worked late into
the night) read Lopatin’s report, and agreed
with it. So he told Vasilevskii that Lopatin
should withdraw to the K defensive line. The
problem was that Eremenko and Vasilevskii
were slow to reply to Lopatin, and had previously
issued orders for a counter-attack, prompted
by Stalin’s earlier messages. So having
still not got a message from Eremenko or Vasilevskii,
in the end Lopatin decided to just follow
his previous orders, and reported to Eremenko
that he was going to try to conduct another
counter-attack.
Stalin also read this new report, and was
angry that one of his army commanders had
no clear instructions from above and couldn’t
decide what to do. Stalin therefore turned
his criticism to Eremenko and Vasilevsky - arguing
that they had failed to establish a decent
defence, and that their badly conducted counterattacks
had done little more than waste their forces.
Since they couldn’t decide what to do, Stalin
decided for them, and ordered Eremenko to
counter-attack once again. The point is that
at this moment the Soviet commanders were
confused, indecisive, and were issuing conflicting
orders. They’d lost both command and control
of the situation.
And despite the lack of tanks, Hoth’s attack
had just begun. Kempf’s force advanced towards
Solianka and Ivanovka, with Heim starting
first as previously agreed. However, what
Hoth and Kempf hadn’t realized was that
they were now striking into the positions
of the next line of defenses - the Stalingrad
‘K’ defensive line.
“The ‘K’ line occupied the dominant
hilly terrain and contained extensive mine
fields, entrenched AT and machine guns, bunker
positions, and strong field fortifications.
Determined Russian infantry formations were
occupying these positions and backing them
up were numerous artillery units.”
It was no wonder that, by 0805 hours, 14th
Panzer Division was reporting -
“Heavy combat with enemy tanks at [Hills]
107.4 - 115.8. All Panzer IV long [barrels]
knocked out, all panzers except 5 are knocked
out. 24. Panzer-Division staying to cover
the flank to the west. Advisable for 24. Panzer-Division
to continue further to the north.”
Clearly, this wasn’t a good start to Hoth’s
new attack.
Because 14th Panzer Division had met tough
Soviet resistance, 24th Panzer Division began
its advance earlier than expected, slicing
between the 422nd and 244th Rifle Divisions
of 57th Army. But they also became bogged
down in minefields as Soviet artillery blasted
them from all directions. Eventually they
did get through the mines, and 14th Panzer
Division did catch up to them, however their
advance didn’t go very far and was stalled
in the face of stubborn Soviet resistance.
“During our advance on Stalingrad, my tank
had been knocked out by the Russians five
times… We were hit, it sounded as if you
were inside a bell that got hit with a hammer,
and I didn’t know what to do. Five lives
were at stake. In a short moment… I yelled
into my throat microphone: >Out! Out!< … because
we had been hit in the turret… Except for
the driver, we all made it out of the tank
and were lying behind it on the safe side
of the tank. Then they hit the tank a second
time. Three of the crew members and myself
survived. The driver had died.”
At 1410 hours, Hauenschild told 48th Panzer
Corps -
“Bulk of Division in hard fighting... This
combat is extremely bitter and costly and
will continue the entire day. Panzer Regiment
still has 13 panzers. One Russian tank was
hit 10 times without success, 3 were shot
up, 2 others withdrew on fire.”
Also interesting is this -
“The grenadiers were amazed to discover
that some of the enemy units employed here
wore First World War uniforms.”
Heavy casualties, the loss of many of their
panzers, and Soviet counterattacks (with 12
tanks from 6th Tank Brigade in support) persuaded
Hauenschild that the attack was doomed. After
a conversation with Hauenschild that evening,
Hoth called off his entire offensive.
And this is definitely worth emphasising:
Hoth’s 4th Panzer Army had failed to go
anywhere, and Shumilov’s and Tolbukhin’s
armies had successfully defended against them.
So let’s just zoom out and look at the bigger
picture for a moment. From the German perspective,
it’s hard to ignore the fact that, in this
first attack on the city of Stalingrad, it
was Hoth who let the side down. Compared to
Paulus’s 6th Army, 4th Panzer Army had achieved
very little in the past few weeks, and that
was despite receiving additional forces (including
one panzer division) from the 6th Army. And
yet, in the books, we don’t hear much criticism
of Hoth. When Paulus makes a mistake, he gets
called ‘weak’, ‘cautious’ and ‘indecisive’.
And yet, he was the first to get to the city
of Stalingrad. And up to this moment, Paulus
had done more damage to the Soviets, and had
taken more ground, and was dealing with more
issues, and a longer front, with more divisions
under his belt, than Hoth was doing. And yet
it was Hoth who fails to go anywhere. But,
where’s the criticism of Hoth? Where’s
the harsh accusations of weakness, just like
with Paulus? There isn’t any, or very little.
The obvious conclusion is that: the neglect
of the fighting outside the city in the July
and August period results in authors missing
this crucial development in the south, shifting
the blame to Paulus, rather than to Hoth,
who certainly deserves some of the criticism
too. It’s not hard to imagine that things
could have been different had Hoth broken
through to the north on the 24th or 25th of
August, racing into the rear areas of 62nd
and 64th Armies. This could have been a disaster
for the Soviets outside the city, and may
have meant less forces inside the city, allowing
the Axis to take it on the march. Obviously
there’s no way to know if that would have
happened or not, but the point is that it
wasn’t Paulus who failed here - it was Hoth.
And by the same token, Shumilov and the Soviets
really deserve the bulk of the credit for
this. Shumilov and his army did the majority
of the work, and successfully stopped Hoth
in his tracks. Chuikov gets praise later for
his defence of Stalingrad - and that’s fine
- but up until this moment, Shumilov is really
the one Soviet commander who seems to have
kept his own army in control, and probably
the only one who was able to check the Axis
forces that he faced. Even Chuikov had failed
to do that when he was in command of 64th
Army earlier in the battle.
“64th Army’s forces around Abganerovo
managed to keep the situation under control…
Within the confines of the manoeuvre battle
between the Don and the Volga the enemy’s
advance, in three weeks of back-and-forth
fighting around a railway siding in the middle
of the steppe, was minimal.”
Of course, Tolbukhin gets some praise as well
-
“They did not know it at the time, but a
significant defensive victory had just been
won by forces under the command of General
Shumilov and General F. I. Tolbukhin of the
57th Army. They had successfully stopped the
major German advance from the south.”
And obviously the heroism (and in some cases:
desperation) of the Soviet troops fighting
to hold the line deserves praise too. But
really, Shumilov is probably the man of the
hour here. Still, Hoth does seem to have learnt
from his mistakes. Speaking to his Chief-of-Staff,
Oberst Fangohr, Hoth said -
“We have to approach the matter in a different
way, Fangohr. We’re bleeding ourselves in
front of these damned hills, it’s no battlefield
for panzer units. We must regroup and attack
at a completely different spot far from here.”
And, indeed, they would do so.
To the west on the 25th of August, the situation
was rapidly deteriorating for the Axis. Under
attacks by the 304th Rifle, and the 5th and
6th Guards Cavalry Divisions, the Italians
were either forced back, or decided to withdraw
(it’s not clear which). Either way, this
annoyed the Germans and soured relations between
the Italians and the 17th Army Corps. There
was now a 20 kilometer-wide gap in the line,
which the Germans were rushing to fill. The
town of Serafimovich - which had been fought
over for weeks - was now abandoned to the
Soviets, freeing up units to go west. The
gap was partially filled and the situation
‘stabilized’ for the day. But it wasn’t
the Axis that had stopped the Soviets. What’s
interesting is that it was at this very moment
that Kutznetsov decided to halt his attacks
and consolidate his positions. It’s not
clear why this decision was made, but it allowed
additional reinforcements to arrive.
6th Army’s only real reserve in the area
was the 22nd Panzer Division. This was a pretty
interesting division, equipped with Czech
tanks, and would play an important role later
in the battle of Stalingrad. For now though,
its task was to protect the Don flank, and
Hitler himself ordered it to plug the gap
between the Italian and German armies. 22nd
Panzer Division therefore began to pull itself
out of the line and started riding west to
fulfill its duty.
This left 11th Army Corps to deal with the
Soviets in their area, which, in the evening,
struck at the German and Croatian lines. One
company of the Croatian Legion panicked and
fled, leaving behind some heavy equipment
and abandoning a hill they had occupied. The
Croatians, supported by the 227th Jäger Regiment
and two StuGs from the 177th Sturmgeschutz
Battalion, managed to retake the hill by dawn,
after an overnight struggle, and the situation
was stabilized for now.
But north of Kalach on the 25th of August,
51st Army Corps’s 71st Infantry Division
assaulted across the Don River, suffering
32 men killed, and 153 wounded over the course
of the day. But this forced 62nd Army’s
399th and 131st Rifle Divisions to fall back,
and the German division was now firmly across
the river. Reacting to this, Lopatin asked
Eremenko if he could withdraw his left wing
to the Rossoshka River. But Eremenko, preparing
the Kovalenko and Shtevnev counter-attacks,
denied Lopatin’s request.
And he was probably right to do so, since
Stalin was still frustrated with both Eremenko
and Lopatin for the failure of their previous
counter attacks, and authorizing another withdrawal
was probably the wrong political move. Somehow,
both generals managed to sooth Stalin’s
temper by the mid-afternoon, and at 1500 hours
Stalin sent another message saying, if Lopatin
thought it could succeed, then he would support
him in that next attack.
“...I propose to help him fulfill that decision.
In this regard our morning directive concerning
the withdrawal of 62nd and 64th Armies cannot
be considered obligatory.”
So, supported by 270 sorties from the 8th
Air Army, Eremenko’s forces attempted to
smash the Germans in their northern pockets.
However, 270 sorties were simply not enough
to combat German air superiority, and the
fact that Wietersheim’s men were trapped
in a pocket, caused Richthofen to shift the
focus of his attacks. He diverted forces from
the bombing of Stalingrad city, and instead
turned them north.
“As Eremenko’s shock groups concentrated
for the attacks, German Stukas unmercifully
pounded his troops throughout the entire duration
of these attacks, disrupting their combat
formations and hindering their timely reaction
to altered situations. As a result the assaults,
when they occurred, were late, disorganized,
and poorly coordinated.”
The Luftwaffe claimed 11 Soviet tanks destroyed,
and 12 artillery pieces, although at one point
they also bombed their own troops, probably
because the front line was all over the place
and they couldn’t tell who was who. Still,
Group Kovalenko tried in vain to dislodge
3rd Motorized Division, but was repulsed,
losing 35 tanks in the process. To the south
of the pocket, 2nd Tank Corps attacked again.
By this time however, the Germans had prepared
their defences, and Kravchenko barely went
a few hundred metres. So at mid-day, Kravchenko
ordered his tanks to consolidate the hard-won
ground that they had gained, and waited for
reinforcements to arrive. The result of this
unusually cautious approach to combat from
the Soviet side had only resulted in the loss
of 6 Soviet tanks, and 2nd Tank Corps remained
a major thorn in Wietersheim’s side.
And this thorn was made worse by the fact
that German troops in the pocket were now
running out of ammunition.
“Once again urgently request air supply
and ammunition and fuel.”
“Panzer 5cm and 7.5cm ammunition for long-barrels
critical. Columns no longer getting through.
Airdrop once again urgently requested.”
Paulus gave this final message to Richthofen
when he and Paulus met that day, and Richthofen
promised aerial resupply in the afternoon.
As it happened, the Luftwaffe did conduct
supply drops that evening, but most of the
cannisters fell into no man’s land or into
Soviet hands, which clearly wasn’t good.
What’s interesting though is that, while
Wietersheim’s force was surrounded and running
out of ammunition, the 16th Panzer Division
had the time and ammunition spare to fire
at boats that were crossing the river. In
the past few days, they’d already sunk several
boats carrying civilians over the Volga, and
on this day they got another.
“On their third evening, German panzers
sank a paddle-steamer taking women and children
from the city to the east bank. Hearing screams
and cries for help, soldiers asked their commander
if they could use some of the prisoners’
inflatable boats to rescue them. But the lieutenant
refused. ‘We know how the enemy fights this
war,’ he replied. After night had fallen,
the panzer crews pulled their blankets up
over their heads so that they did not hear
the cries any more.”
The 160th Panzer Battalion was still trying
to break through to Wietersheim, but was also
coming under attack from the 35th Guards Rifle
Division, and 169th Tank Brigade, and was
unable to advance at all.
It was now that Paulus was beginning to realise
that there weren't enough forces in the area
to break through to Wietersheim, or complete
the original goal of securing Stalingrad on
the march. So, for now, he ordered Rodenburg
to form Kampfgruppe Kaegler, which would be
spearheaded by Höhn’s 160th Panzer Battalion.
Kaegler was ordered to break through to Borodkin,
get supplies through to Wietersheim, and then
withdraw (since securing the area with so
few forces would be impossible). Therefore,
the formations began assembling around Hill
137.2 that evening, with the attack planned
to start at 0400 hours the next day. We’ll
see if they can break through or not next
time. Thanks for watching, bye for now.
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All right. Hello, welcome to Eugenics. Let me get my face in the video. I'm not
good with this. There we go. Welcome to
Eugenics. I'm Lydia Fecteau. You may
see videos of me looking slightly
different. Some of our videos are a
little older from the last or previous
times I've taught this course. One of
which I was recovering from pneumonia so
I apologize for my looks in those
videos. Let me explain to you what you
see in front of you. Here is our syllabus
so let me quickly go over some of the
areas of the syllabus that are important
to you. First off my name, so this is my
contact information. If you prefer for
some reason to find the need to put
something in my box my mailbox is in J
105 which is the skill center a Writing
Lab. Since I'm doing this course online, I
won't be having office hours. If you want
to come speak with me for any reason in
person just set up an appointment. I live
10 minutes from the college and I'm more
than happy to come over any weekday
Monday through Thursday, as you know the
college is closed on Fridays. My phone
number here is my cell phone. If you
call that, you'll probably get an
answering machine. I will respond within
24 hours to any phone calls, a little
quicker if you text me so feel free to
text me for any questions you may have
even if it's like is "when is paper due"
though everything should be also
available to you about that kind of
material
on blackboard, but if you have any
specific questions about anything
dealing with the class or, you know, if
you are doing research and want some
more information or some guidance, don't
hesitate to contact me. Next is my email
address. My Stockton email I checked that
constantly all throughout the day so
that's a great way to get in contact
with me. Now even though we have two
books for this class only one you have
to purchase. The other one is available
free and is loaded on blackboard already.
So the one that you have to purchase is
War Against the Weak and it's a pretty
hefty book. It is available in Kindle
form as well as it should be at the
bookstore. The other book I have is
called Race and Membership in American
History and those ones I have loaded up,
as PDF files, the different chapters of this
book. It is available free from the Facing
History website. For this class, our
requirements are you will have weekly
journals, discussion boards, and quizzes.
The journals basically are graded in
the following way:
if you have met the minimum word
requirement, have shown me some paragraph
development by having at
least two paragraphs, and you've answered
the question-- you get full points. They're
worth 20 points each. If you have only one
paragraph, you lose two points. If you're
on or if you are under 150 words, you lose
two points. If you're answering something
that has nothing to do with the question
I asked, you may lose a couple of points.
The weekly discussion boards are pass/fail for the
most part, most of them are worth ten
points each.
There are a few that are going to be
worth five points. For example in our
first week, there is an introduction
discussion board which is asking you to
post your name, your major, or why you
chose to take this class, and also I'm
asking you to identify yourself.
What kind of groups do you most
associate with?
I'll get back to that one in just a
second. That discussion was only
worth five points, but you only have to
post once. Most of our other discussion
boards are worth ten points and they
require an original post from you and
then a response to a classmate. As
long as both are thoughtful,
you'll receive full credit. If your
response to a classmate is yeah Clement
has a great point there. Now
give me a little bit more all right.
Quizzes are going to be based on that
week's readings or for example in weak one
asking you to also watch a video from
the Twilight Zone
so any extra material I'm asking you to
read or look at will be on the quizzes.
Things in the lectures maybe on the
quizzes and the quizzes will be ten
multiple choice and true/false questions
and a extra credit question. Once in a
while I may throw an essay question in
them, but they're rare. Then there'll be
three papers ranging from three to five
pages and I put in there are
projects because your last assignment is
not a paper,
it's a PowerPoint and I'll explain more
about that in just a second. As you see
they're each worth fifteen percent of
your grade for grand total of forty five
percent I think I'm going to have the
wrong
count here.
No, that's right.
Then our final exam is worth 15%, and
the final exam will be divided into two
parts: part one will be multiple choice
questions-- very similar to your quizzes
including you may see occasionally the
same question, and then the other half
will be essay questions some of which
may look like some of your discussions
and journals so there'll be a mixed
grouping. I divided it up so that way part
one of the exam is is going to be the
multiple choice and that will be graded
by the computer very quickly. The other
part is the essay which will be graded by me so
that may take a little bit longer to
grade. All right, for your papers. Your
first paper should have a minimum of a
a thousand words, excuse me,
a minimum of thousand words. I'm asking
you to do MLA formatting. I'll have some
links to help you with that, and it's
going to cover the issue of an
employment of eugenics which I'm sorry. With ideas employed before
World
War two. So, for example, in World War two,
excuse me, so for example you can analyze
the early scientific or social origins
of eugenics, early immigration policy,
race laws, the ugly laws (which we will
explain as the class goes on), treatment
or diagnosis of feeble-mindedness, etc...
Many of these issues that I've mentioned
here have their own separate folder with
extra links to further information. The
paper will be submitted through
blackboard
and it's due on the 10th of July. Your
second paper should have a minimum of
750 words so it's a smaller paper. Again
MLA format, but this time the issues you're
gonna look at is the Holocaust or
institutionalization, which is its own
kind of Holocaust, You can also look at
sterilization, so anything that that
deals with the implication of Eugenics.
In other words trying to make the race
improved in quotation marks and then
finally that's going to be due on July
24th. Your final project is due on the
last day of class August 8th
and it will be on the impact and/or
future of eugenics. This PowerPoint-- this
project is a PowerPoint which explains
the scientific and social implications
of, you know, this idea of the future of
Eugenics which your one author Edwin
Black nicknames Newgenics, so it's
looking at how well scientific advances
in genetics change our scientific and/or
social use of the potential for the
human race. Is this good?
Are there potential drawbacks? So, you
know, for example is there drawbacks to
this-- this new technique called CRISPR. In
which the genetic material, your genetic
material, is edited. Yes, it can get rid of
defects, but at the same time it can also
maybe have people get to choose what
their child's eye color will be or what
their child's athletic ability will be or
what their child's gender would be.
So think of the potential here and also
think of potential even for getting rid
of so-called defects right now. There's a
big controversy about whether Down's
Syndrome should be eliminated through
this kind of genetic pre-testing. In
other words, checking and seeing if the
embryo is going to be a child with Down
syndrome and if so, just getting rid of
the embryo so many disabilities may find
themselves being wiped out. Deafness
Blindness, etc. Now for some people may
say things like Alzheimer's, getting rid
of that-- that's a good thing but do we
want to get rid of everyone with autism?
So how do we decide and who does the
deciding, and what about the economic
potential. Will this ability to fix genes
be only available to the wealthy? In
which case poor people are stuck with
more genetic flaws. Will this then cause
a greater... disparagement
between the wealthy and the poor? In
this case you're gonna make a PowerPoint
to talk about these and your your
PowerPoint will have at least ten slides.
There should be pictures and script,
words, explaining how you see the impact
of this scientific pursuit and even
though it's a PowerPoint I want a
bibliography slide which includes at
least three sources. Your first two
papers will also have a minimum of three
sources and there'll be more details as
those papers come closer.
Next I have listed. Because this
is a very shortened course, only six
weeks, please no late work. We can always
talk if
something comes up. Contact me. Now I have
your listings of what we're going to be
looking at for the most part in each
week here as you can see we're not
necessarily reading all the chapters in
Race and Membership. We are going to try to finish most of them in War Against
Weak. Then I tell you that you should
complete all your discussions, journals,
and quizzes in that folder. The grade legend is there.
In completes-- you need to talk to
me, and again any late or work that needs
to be made up, please contact me. Again if
you have any questions,, contact me. And I
will be having lots of these kinds of
powerpoints, I mean videos up. This
video was created through Loom. I will
have two links to all my videos: one
through Loom and one with the video
converted onto YouTube that will be
closed captioned. If you have any questions,
don't hesitate to contact me, and have a
good day.
|
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Hey, guys.
It's Rachel.
And you may notice
that I'm blogging.
Yeah.
I've been wanting to do blogs
for kind of a long time.
So now we're doing that.
But I thought it be not as fun
to kind of just be by myself.
So I got an awesome
group together.
This is Tyler.
You guys know him.
Yeah.
Hello.
This is Caoimhe.
It's "Kweeva."
I'm just kidding.
I do it to bother you.
I know how to spell it.
And this is Derek.
Hi.
And welcome to Unervlogs!
We're the Undervlogs, and
we're here at HFS City with--
Mercedes.
And Reggie.
And we're going to jump through
some impossible shapes today
in that foam pit.
And they're going to
make sure we don't die.
True.
Hopefully don't die.
You're gonna try
your best, hopefully.
I was going to say, I
have a pit in my stomach.
OK.
So we're just gonna leave
all of that actually.
I'll stand by you.
Baby I'ma stand by you.
OK.
Never mind.
Why does that look
slightly terrifying?
Because it's me.
We chose Derek's body.
We chased Derek.
OK.
I think it's scary
because of the aim.
Who wants to go first?
You.
It's your body.
Me?
What if I break it
on the first try?
Then we have other boards.
OK.
Oh, Jesus.
Did I break it?
Yeah.
Obviously.
But to be fair,
his legs-- his legs
definitely worked out
well enough to go through.
How do you mess
up your own body?
I got scared.
OK?
It was very like--
We could probably still
put another person.
Yeah.
I thought it was
gonna hit my face.
Now, we'll just hold like
those pieces together.
We're good.
Or we have tape.
We can tape it.
Thanks, Ty love.
Teamwork.
I stole Rachel's thing.
Oh, my God.
That was amazing.
Oh, my God.
There's no way.
My feet don't go like that.
I'm gonna be like--
All right.
Let's see it.
Oh, my goodness.
I'm so sorry in advance, guys.
What if I just kind of like--
No.
I think that's wrong.
You gotta get-- you
gotta try to fit.
Even-- you can freak out
at the end, like I did.
I went in feeling strong and
then later not so strong.
In a world where Rachel's
about to jump into a foam pit.
Little wider.
OK.
Right there.
Right there.
Sorry guys.
OK.
I just got to get
into character.
Do a starfish.
That wasn't--
What?
--actually that bad.
It wasn't that bad.
I mean, your feet landed in--
Yeah.
--the waist.
But--
In the knee, actually.
But it was-- but you
didn't break it like I did.
Did I do it?
No.
But you didn't break it.
So that's something.
I'm not entirely
sure if I'll fit.
But you know--
Oh, my gosh.
You won't fit into that?
Wow.
So weird.
Wow.
Why are you being
rude to me, Derek?
Why Derek?
OK.
Caoimhe you got this.
Why are you Australian?
Yeah.
Why are you Australian?
You can't just ask people
why they're Australian.
It's a little-- it's like this.
It's more like--
Take it from the pro
who put her feet--
Trust me.
I got it through.
Caoimhe, hey, Caoimhe
are you ready?
OK.
You got this.
Go.
Ow.
Not bad.
Did I break something?
No.
Woo!
Yay!
So-- so far what
I've gathered is
I'm the only one
that breaks anything.
OK.
Go.
Tyler.
Tyler.
Hey, before you
go, are you ready?
I mean, yeah.
I'm gonna break it.
But--
OK.
Let's go.
Do your best.
You got this.
I believe in you.
OK.
OK.
My feet here.
Did I do it?
No.
Kinda.
If you count breaking it
as doing it, then yeah.
In which case I did it.
Who's fitting their
butt into that?
Like this?
You have no calves.
Plus, my calves
are not at my foot.
It's my body shape.
What the heck?
It was like--
Who wants to go first?
Caoimhe's going.
Because she knows this one
inside and out apparently.
You have the shape.
Are you ready?
No.
OK.
Go ahead.
Go.
Oh, my gosh.
It's so awkward looking.
I need to like--
Caoimhe, go.
What the heck was that?
She jumped right into it.
That was horrible.
I guess no one else is going.
No.
Here, I'll go right now.
You didn't even try.
You didn't even extend.
You just landed on your knees
like this is just happening.
You literally--
I'm assuming I didn't
in real life yet.
This is why you should go.
No.
It is broken.
She broke it.
That one's too
We can't do the shape.
OK.
Ready?
Yes.
You want to go head first?
Or do you want to go--
Head first.
OK.
Can I go foot first even?
Do a somersault.
No.
Do a ninja kick through it.
OK.
Ready?
Go.
One, two.
Oh, God.
There's no way.
There's absolutely no way.
Yes.
Just head first.
You got this.
Just don't freak out.
[MUSIC PLAYING - GNARLS BARKLEY,
"CRAZY"] I remember when--
I'm gonna do ninja kick.
Oh, my gosh.
You're gonna break it.
OK.
Hold it.
He might still
want to go through.
Tyler.
Tyler.
Tyler, stop being a
dang koala up in here.
Shrimp on the barby with a
kangaroo and Steve Irwin's
stingray.
Let's go.
He was a national treasure.
Leave him alone.
OK.
Gotta picture it.
OK.
Yeah.
Who's Australian now?
She was the best.
You think you got this?
No.
Good work, guys.
Awesome.
OK.
Ready?
Ready and go.
Honestly, it wasn't that bad.
It wasn't that bad.
If it wasn't already broken, you
definitely would've broke it.
What's your plan
of attack, Tyler?
So I broke it there.
I'm trying to break
it over here now.
I'm ready!
I don't know what the
jolt was in his body.
I think he-- he dead.
Maybe just say
half way through--
Oh, no!
I'm injured!
Wait.
Tyler, are you stuck?
On his feet.
I'm very stuck and very injured.
I'll save you.
Go save him, Rachel.
Rachel.
I'll get you out.
Whatever.
You need help with Derek and I.
Help them.
Get them out.
Couples.
This is what a
couple looks like.
Oh.
Are you OK?
Yeah.
Tyler, you haven't
gone first yet.
Have you?
You go.
This is Tyler's body.
This is that.
I don't know how
this is gonna work.
You got this.
Ow.
You did great.
That was exactly how
I thought it would go.
Thank you for proving me right.
Oh, my God.
Your face went through that?
It won't even break immediately.
Can I go first through this one?
Yes.
Yes.
You can.
Look at it.
It looks so silly.
Ready?
Yay!
Yeah.
Hold on.
I'm going to make
my own theme music.
So everyone shh.
In a world where Caoimhe's
about to jump into a foam pit.
All right.
Hang on.
Just go already.
Why are you so mean to me?
I'm really afraid I'm
going to break it.
It's OK if you break it.
It's a foam board.
In a world where she
ruined my dream of jumping
through that rectangle.
Look at this gym.
This gym's cool.
Look at all this stuff.
We should do something
over there one time.
I know.
We should try to do that.
That looks-- that
looks like impossible.
I don't know.
Yeah.
It kinda looks like impossible.
I think it's a ninja
warrior course.
I'll break it somehow.
Probably.
I might not.
You guys ready?
That looks so weird.
OK.
So--
Wait.
Let me see how you're even
going to accomplish this.
I don't really know how
I'm going to accomplish it.
I'm just going to
try to wing it.
Just like do this and then jump.
Yeah.
I don't know if--
You this, Derek.
Just do a side belly flop.
OK.
I don't know.
Missed.
I think there's one more shape.
Is this the last one?
This is the last
one it looks like.
Why is the head so round?
Did you trace Casper?
Like what the heck is this?
Why is your head so round?
He's straight up
Casper the ghost.
Why am I being roasted?
It's not me!
Caoimhe.
[SINGING TO MUSIC OF THE LION
SLEEPS TONIGHT] Caoimhe.
Caoimhe.
Caoimhe.
Caoimhe.
She's an Aussie girl.
That was good.
Thank you.
Thank you.
High fiving that.
I didn't know it was--
You got this.
Just put your hands in
a weird mating position.
I'm gonna mess it up.
It's OK, Caoimhe.
What if we put the head on
this side for the last one,
and the feet on that side.
And I try to--
What?
No.
Let's try it.
Why does it look like a uterus?
This is going on
fallopian YouTube.
Stop it, Tyler.
Can I push him, please?
Like, is it really worth it?
OK.
Go.
I'm just gonna spin.
Oh, my God.
He's gonna hit his
head on this thing.
No.
I'm not.
I got this.
I hope.
Today.
Oh, my God.
I don't know in what world
you thought that would work.
But it wasn't this one, Tyler.
Oh, my God.
Guys, I'm being blasted!
Don't hit the side of it.
I didn't.
How did that--
That's some stunt work.
What?
My phone.
What?
I dropped my phone.
Are you serious?
You dropped your phone.
Do you see all this foam?
I actually just
dropped my phone.
Why?
I don't--
Why would you do that?
I thought the mic was my phone.
It was in my pocket.
So I just-- every
time I would check--
I don't even when I dropped it.
Tyler.
Oh, my God.
I'm dead serious.
I literally don't--
OK.
Guys-- everybody, we're
on phone looking duty.
It would happened
to Tyler though.
Yeah.
Of course it would.
Out of all people.
Of course.
Yeah.
It's bright red.
You can't miss it.
Yeah.
We know what your
phone looks like.
It may be bright
red, but it's going
to be dark red because
there's no light in this.
Help.
Be a team player.
Get up.
Where's my phone actually?
I can't get up if you bury me.
Goodness gracious.
When was the last time
you had a call or text?
I have no idea.
I honestly don't know.
Well, that's not ideal.
|
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Tarihin Destansı Rap Savaşları!
Robocop...
...karşı...
...Terminatör'e!
Başla!
♫ Kımıldama ♫
♫ Sessiz kalma ♫
♫ Hakkını kullanmanı öneriyorum ♫
♫ Senin o oyuncak robot kıçına ♫
♫ Biraz Detroit şiddeti
uygulamadan önce ♫
♫ Bir X-Wing komutanı gibiyim ♫
♫ Çünkü hedefime kitlenirim ♫
♫ Bu sokakların kontrolü bende ♫
♫ Adeta bir manav gibiyim ♫
♫ Merak ediyorum Cyberdyne ♫
♫ Araştırması nereye kayboldu ♫
♫ Düzeltememişler senin ♫
♫ Havalı Hans ve Frans aksanını ♫
♫ Bir çocuk öldürmek
için geri yolladılar seni ♫
♫ Ama yine de seni yendi ♫
♫ Yapmalıydılar ♫
♫ Zamanda yolculuk
yapabilen bir ertesi gün hapı ♫
♫ Ve sanmıyorum ♫
♫ İçimde herhangi bir his kaldığını ♫
♫ Ama kesinlikle hayal kırıklığına uğradım ♫
♫ Terminatör 3'ten sonra ♫
♫ Ben RoboCop ve yardırıyorum ♫
♫ Steroid almış C-3PO'yu pataklamak için ♫
♫ Mikrofonumu kontrol
ediyorum alt delete gibi ♫
♫ Senin sıran ucube ♫
♫ Yanlış ♫
♫ Ayrıntılı dosyalarım var ♫
♫ Senin üçlemenin sonuçları ♫
♫ O film Detroit'i hayal
kırıklığına uğrattı ♫
♫ Otomobil sanayinden bile daha kötü ♫
♫ Ben T-800 Cyberdyne
sistemlerinin model 101'iyim ♫
♫ Ve senin robo-parçalarını süpüreceğim ♫
♫ İşim bittiğinde ataşlara benzeyecekler ♫
♫ Benim rap saldırım
muazzam bir sevkiyat olacak ♫
♫ Bazukalı, silahlı ve bombalı ♫
♫ Beyinlerinize hızlı ve sertçe vuracak ♫
♫ Ve parçalara ayıracak
o küçücük dandik silahını ♫
♫ Ayağına yerleştirilmiş olan ♫
♫ Aynı değiliz ♫
♫ Sen dökülürsün ♫
♫ Benim kusursuz tenim, sen
süper bilgisayarlar bulursun ♫
♫ Krang'e benziyorsun ♫
♫ Bir soğuk meyve sıkacağı giymiş ♫
♫ Hayalarını çıkartmışlar ♫
♫ Elbisen yapılırken ♫
♫ Seni hâlâ seviyorum Alex ♫
♫ Saçmalık ♫
♫ Senin cinsel hayatına son verildi ♫
♫ Rap savaşlarının ♫
♫ Liriksel yapısıyla ilgili
detaylı analizime dayanarak ♫
♫ Senin sıradaki boktan
nazımının zamanı geldi ♫
♫ Ve sonrasında ♫
♫ Geri geleceğim ♫
♫ Aşk nedir bilmiyorsun ♫
♫ Onur nedir bilmiyorsun ♫
♫ Bildiğin tek şey programlanmış bir ♫
♫ John Connor için
bir robot ereksiyonu ♫
♫ OCP bana bunu imha
etmem için beceri verdi ♫
♫ Eğer acemi olsam yardım edemezdim ♫
♫ Bu benim en önemli emrim ♫
♫ Yumruğumla suratını patlatırım ♫
♫ Ve ses tellerini koparırım ♫
♫ Sonrasında uzay
başlığını geri mail atarım ♫
♫ Geordi La Forge'a ♫
♫ Güzel deneme ♫
♫ Ama silah çekmede çok hızlıyım ♫
♫ Senin için ters gidecek şey ucube ♫
♫ Murphy Kanunları ♫
♫ Sakin ol penis tıkacı ♫
♫ Duyguların üslubunu parçalıyor ♫
♫ Sözlerinde düzgün
hiçbir ritim bulamazdım ♫
♫ Eğer arama modunda olsaydım ♫
♫ Çok yavaşsın ♫
♫ Makinelerden daha çok
buhar çıkarıyorum ♫
♫ Bir kahve sanatçısından bile ♫
♫ Mahşer Günü bebeğim ♫
♫ Görüşürüz ♫
Kim kazandı?
Sonraki kimler olacak?
Siz karar verin!
Tarihin...
...Destansı Rap Savaşları!
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I got the homis in my bag (Yeah)
Have you heard of that? (Yeah)
Homis made of steel, from Korea, they the be-e-est
Ridin' to the farm (Huh)
Grabbin' all the corn (Huh)
We gon' get yo' money with my homi in your backyard
Can't nobody tell me nothin'
You can't tell me nothin'
Can't nobody tell me nothin'
Ok, Ok
You can't tell me nothin'
Yeah, I'm gonna take my horse to the Seoul town road
I'm gonna ride 'til I can't no more
I'm gonna take my horse to the Seoul town road
I'm gonna ride 'til I can't no more
|
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PRISON WALLS.
>> PRESTON TUCKER.
>> HOPE BEHIND PRISON WALLS.
IN THE DARKEST PLACES OF
RESTRICTED HOUSING.
COMES INSPIRATION FROM SOME OF
THE MOST NOTORIOUS INMATES.
>> I HAVE BEEN LABELED A LOT OF
DIFFERENT WAYS.
>> TODD COOK IS SERVING A LIFE
SENTENCE FOR KILLING A
CONVENIENCE STORE CLERK IN 1995.
HE’S ONE OF EIGHT INMATES NOW
RECOGNIZED AS THE BEST OF THE
BEST.
>> THE FIRST NEBRASKA PRISONERS
TO EARN INTERNATIONAL
CERTIFICATIONS FOR THE
INTENTIONAL PEERS SUPPORT
PROGRAM.
>> THIS IS A GREAT DAY.
>> THE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
PARTNERED WITH THE MENTAL HEALTH
ASSOCIATIONS OF NEBRASKA.
CHRIS MASTERS WAS SENTENCED TO
LIFE OR IN 1994 MURDER IN OMAHA
USES HIS EXPERIENCE TO HELP
OTHER INMATES.
>> I DON’T GO DOWN THERE TO TALK
TO SOMEONE OR TO GIVE THEM
ADVICE.
I GO DOWN THERE TO LISTEN, TO
HAVE A CONVERSATION STOP >> WHAT
MAKES THIS PROGRAM UNIQUE IS IT
IS THE FIRST OF THIS COUNTRY TO
ALLOW PEERS SUCH AS TUCKER TO
HELP INMATES LOCK IN
SEGREGATION.
>> WE COULD BE THERE FOR TWO OR
THREE WEEKS WITH NOBODY TO TALK
TO.
>> IS AN OFFICIAL SAY THEY ARE
ALREADY MAKING A DIFFERENCE.
>> IT HAS MORE OF AN IMPACT
COMING FROM THEIR PEERS FROM
PEOPLE THAT THEY TRUST AND HAVE
KNOWN FOR YEARS.
>> SHE HAS BEEN IN PRISON SINCE
1996 SERVING JULY SENTENCES.
HIS HOPE IS TO SPREAD HOPE TO
SOMEBODY HOPING TO RETURN TO THE
COMMUNITY, TO BE A BETTER FATHER
AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE.
>> MAYBE THEY CAN LIVE THE LIFE
THAT I COULDN’T.
>> YOU CAN SEE IT ON THIS
INMATE’S FACE.
>> IT IS RECOGNITION THAT I HAVE
DONE SOMETHING POSITIVE.
FOR THE STATE PENITENTIARY,
AN
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The social hygiene movement was an attempt
by Progressive-era reformers to control venereal
disease, regulate prostitution and vice, and
disseminate sexual education through the use
of scientific research methods and modern
media techniques.
Social hygiene as a profession grew alongside
social work and other public health movements
of the era.
Social hygienists emphasized sexual continence
and strict self-discipline as a solution to
societal ills, tracing prostitution, drug
use and illegitimacy to rapid urbanization.
The movement remained alive throughout much
of the 20th century and found its way into
American schools, where it was transmitted
in the form of classroom films about menstruation,
sexually transmitted disease, drug abuse and
acceptable sexual behavior in addition to
an array of pamphlets, posters, textbooks
and films.
== History ==
The social hygiene movement of the late 19th
and early 20th centuries was an attempt by
Progressive-era reformers to control venereal
disease, regulate prostitution and vice, and
disseminate sexual education through the use
of scientific research methods and modern
media techniques.
A mental hygiene movement also developed,
partly separately and now generally known
as mental health, although the older term
is still in use, e.g. in New York state's
law.
The social hygiene movement represented a
rationalized, professionalized version of
the earlier social purity movement.
Many reformers, such as Marie Stopes, were
also proponents of eugenics.
Inspired by Charles Darwin's theory of natural
selection, they argued for the sterilisation
of certain groups, even racial groups, in
society.
Indeed, by the 1930s thousands of forced sterilizations
of people deemed undesirable took place in
America and other countries each year.
This continued for several more decades in
some countries, though after 1945, the movement
was largely discredited.
=== Social Hygiene Movement ===
Social hygiene as a profession grew alongside
social work and other public health movements
of the era.
Social hygienists emphasized sexual continence
and strict self-discipline as a solution to
societal ills, tracing prostitution, drug
use and illegitimacy to rapid urbanization.
The social hygiene movement began to gain
momentum and in 1913 making the movement part
of publishings such as the American Journal
of Public Health.
The American Social Hygiene Association was
officially formed in 1913.
It was later renamed to the American Social
Health Association and, in 2012, the American
Sexual Health Association.
The Social hygiene approach was adopted in
medical schools in Russia in the 1920s and
supported by the Commissariat of Public Health.
The definition adopted by Commissar Nikolai
Semashko was less focussed on eugenics and
more in line with what is now regarded as
public health: “study of the influence of
economic and social factors on the incidence
of disease and on the ways to make the population
healthy”.
The State Institute for Social Hygiene opened
in 1923.
This approach was not popular with educators
or with medical students.
In 1930 the institute was renamed the Institute
of Organisation of Health Care and Hygiene.The
movement remained alive throughout much of
the 20th century and found its way into American
schools, where it was transmitted in the form
of classroom films about menstruation, sexually
transmitted disease, drug abuse and acceptable
sexual behavior in addition to an array of
pamphlets, posters, textbooks and films.
=== American Social Hygiene Association ===
The American Social Hygiene Association partnered
with the government during The Great War.
The American Social Hygiene Association provided
social hygiene health and sexual health information
to the soldiers in hopes that this education
would help take fewer soldiers out of action
from venereal diseases.The idea of prostitution
was considered a “necessary evil” in light
of an artificial demand that had been created
through various forms including political
corruption and advertising.
With further investigation into the business
of prostitution cities that did not contain
commercialized prostitution had less crime
and appeared to be in better shape than those
who contained such.
Most prostitutes that had been examined were
found to have venereal diseases, but with
that included a negative social stigma which
stopped people from getting examined and so
there became a campaign involving several
organizations to suppress prostitution and
begin educating people about sex and venereal
diseases.
The two organizations that had developed were
the American Vigilance Association, fighting
prostitution, and the American Federation
for Sex Hygiene.
Finally, the two organizations had realized
their mutual interest and called a meeting
in Buffalo, New York which the term “social
hygiene” was coined.
By 1914 the organizations formed into one,
calling themselves, “The American Social
Hygiene Association”.
=== Progressive Era ===
The social hygiene movement helped with the
development of the management of prostitution
in the Progressive Era.
The Progressive Era was the turning point
in the state's regulations of sexuality.
It was said that the Progressive Era had physicians
and women moral reformers working together
to help manage prostitution and educate the
people on social hygiene.
=== Racial Hygiene Association ===
This link between racial hygiene and social
hygiene movements can be seen in Australia,
where the Racial Hygiene Association of New
South Wales is now named The Family Planning
Association.
=== Negro Project ===
In the 1940’s during World War II, ASHA
(American Social Hygiene Association) launched
a new project called The Negro Project, also
known as the Negro Venereal Disease Education
Project.
The aim of this project was to address the
widespread presence of venereal diseases among
African Americans.
In the early 1940’s, ASHA drafted a grant
proposal and in 1942 it was sent to prospective
funding agencies.
The proposal emphasized two main aspects of
the Negro Project, “that the higher rate
of prevalence of venereal diseases among the
black population was alarming; and two, that
this higher prevalence rate was not the fault
of the black community.”
(A. Sharma) The main purpose of the Negro
Project was to provide educational materials
and methods for instruction regarding syphilis.
Some of the intended materials to be produced
were pamphlets, posters, and motion pictures
specifically aimed at the African American
community.
After being rejected by private funding organizations,
the project found support from the Social
Protection Division of the Federal Security
Agency.
In November 1943 in New York City, the Negro
Project held its first major activity which
was the National Conference on Wartime Problems
in Venereal Disease Control.
This conference was held so that they could
form a committee and create an action plan
for the Negro Project.
After the national conference in 1943, project
officials held meetings at regional level,
predominantly in Southern states.
However, in 1945 the records of the project
suddenly go silent and no further activity
for this project was documented in ASHA records.
It has been speculated that due to the Social
Protection Division of the Federal Security
Agency being dissolved in the 1940’s, the
funds for the project dried up causing the
project to end.
=== Mental Hygiene Movement ===
In regards to the mental hygiene movement,
it helped providers realize that the problems
of mental health and prevention of disease
goes beyond providers in hospitals.
The movement helped healthcare train their
providers properly.
It also helped with studies of more sympathetic
treatment for mental health patients.
== Helpful Definitions ==
Social Hygiene is "the practice of measures
designed to protect and improve the family
as a social institution.
Specially the practice of measures aiming
at the elimination of venereal disease and
prostitution" according to the Merriam-Webster
dictionary.Mental Hygiene is "the science
of maintaining mental health and preventing
the development of mental illness" according
to the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
== See also ==
Comstock laws
History of condoms
La Follette-Bulwinkle Act
Mann Act
Mental health
Racial hygiene
Timeline of reproductive rights legislation
United States obscenity law
|
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Each portrayal of everyone's favorite Batman
villain has its own feel but only a few of
them feature a backstory.
In many adaptations, it's been made explicitly
clear that even The Joker himself isn't sure
of his own past.
Most recently, Jared Leto portrayed The Harlequin
of Hate in 2016's (apparently Oscar worthy)
Suicide Squad.
Once again, his backstory remained a mystery.
Personally, I'd love to know how they managed to cross Jim Carey, a large tiger and Jared Letto.
THIS HANDSOME HUNKA, HUNKA!
* Joker starts growling and purring *
Now, I've touched on all of this before, but
today I want to revisit the channel's most
popular video.
I want to talk about The Joker's most consistent
character trait.
Let's discuss his belief in the philosophical
doctrine of nihilism (And hopefully do a better
job than Jay from the past was capable of).
This is Batman, The Joker and Philosophy:
Nihilism Revisited.
Buckle up, this is a long one.
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy does
a great job of summing up nihilism.
Nihilism is the belief that all values are
baseless
Unfortunately, the article then goes off the
rails and displays some serious bias.
It claims that all true nihilists have no
loyalties or purpose other than perhaps an
impulse to destroy.
That, simply put, is not the case.
In short, they muddy the waters between what
it means to be a nihilist and how some people
cope with nihilism.
This is very common a problem.
Nihilism in the existentialist sense, in the
eyes of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche,
does not entail any particular response.
The nihilist doesn't necessarily believe that
life must be meaningless.
Rather, the nihilist rejects that life has
any inherent meaning.
One possible response to this could be an
impulse to create meaning rather than to destroy
(and we'll get into that in more detail in
a moment).
First however, in order to set the The Internet
Encyclopedia of Philosophy straight, let us
endeavor to indulge in the tired cliche of
quoting the dictionary:
The rejection of all religious and moral principles,
often in the belief that life is meaningless
Okay, so that seems to fit the Joker.
I would say that he strongly rejects all religious
and moral principles.
The man has no rules.
His only goal, in most adaptations, is to
simply prove his point of view to Batman and
the rest Gotham.
All Jokers are nihilists at heart because
(again) even at his silliest, he still strongly
rejects all religious and moral principles.
Whether he's a prankster out to take over
Gotham City with a flying saucer or a mobster,
driven mad, climbing to the top of the criminal
underworld, he's always the nihilist.
And I know what you’re thinking.
By that definition, lots of villains are technically
niliihists.
Well, yeah, but being a nihilist and allowing
your nihilism to drive your every action are
not the same thing.
Over time, adaptations of The Joker have become
more and more nihilistic, thanks due in large
part to some extremely influential work by
Allan Moore.
However, even before The Killing Joke, the
more silly aspects of the Joker (and Batman)
we're mostly due to the Comics Code Authority.
It enforced strict guidelines during the Silver
Age of comics.
DC Comics retconned most of these stories
to have taken place on Earth-Two, one of many
alternate DC realities.
So let's explore The Joker’s coping mechanism.
Do laughter and complete devotion to chaos help him deal with what he sees as the meaninglessness of life?
Did his nihilistic attitude originate from just one day day?
Joker: All it takes is one bad day. That's how far the world is from where I am. Just one bad day.
John Marmysz (author of Laughing at Nothing:
Humor as a Response to Nihilism) describes
nihilism as a force every human must reckon
with, which arises as people contemplate their
own mortality, the nature of human existence,
and see the futility and lack of meaning in
their lives because of life’s inevitable
outcome: death.
In short, you are a speck of carbon stuck
to the side of a rock flying through space
and nothing you do will affect the universe
at large... and if you think about it that's
kind of funny.
Or as The Joker puts it:
You have to keep pretending that life makes sense, that there's some point to all
this struggling!...
Sill Goose! It's all a joke!
Everything anybody ever valued or struggled for... it's monstrous!
So why can't you see the funny side?
Why aren't you laughing?
People cope with existential questions in
a few different ways.
Marmysz explained that people who dwell on
the seeming futility of life can suffer from
malaise or "a general feeling of discomfort,
illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is
difficult to identify".
Do order, morality, and knowledge matter if
life is truly meaningless?
Why not do whatever you want when we're all
just going to die anyway?
Enter the Joker whose way of dealing with
his own existential crisis was to devote himself
to chaos and laugh at the absurdity of life.
It’s interesting to note that Batman and
the Joker both deal with nihilism, but both
react in opposite ways.
Although more recent versions of the character
get pretty existential, Bruce Wayne becomes
Batman because of a personal loss and not
nihilism.
Sill, he's affected by (and must react to)
The Joker's nihilism and his own existential
questions.
The Joker embraces the concept that life has
no meaning and devotes himself to chaos, while
Batman becomes a vigilante on the side of
justice to create meaning... and also more justice.
The juxtaposition of these two characters
creates conflict, driving the stories forward
in interesting ways.
It's good writing.
Joker tries to convince Batman to let go of
the meaningless conventions set up by society
and embrace chaos.
Batman tries to convince Joker to adhere to
societal norms.
Or as Wisecrack once put it:
Batman and The Joker Have something in common. Both live their lives are responses to traumatic-world shattering events.
Events that represent an existential crisis that most people have to deal with, sooner or later.
How do you respond when life destroys your sense meaning? Choosing how to deal with this loss of meaning animates the entire Batman universe.
Batman decides to uphold some form of conventional
morality as a vigilante.
The Joker chooses to abandon it entirely and
the villain two-face splits the difference,
literally flipping a coin to decide whether
he'll uphold conventional morality or rebel
against it.
* bang *
Batman and The Joker arise as super-villain
and superhero because of each other, being
tied together to various degrees depending
on the adaption.
While most people find meaning in their daily
lives and the things they do, the Joker feels
that their efforts are just meaningless attempts
to maintain control, something they never
had in the first place.
Perhaps you've also heard someone say that
The Joker is an Absurdist.
The first version of this video got a couple
comments to this effect.
So let's take a moment to discuss exactly
what that means.
An absurdist is someone who is intentionally
ridiculous, surreal or bizarre.
"Mista J" certainly fits that description.
a person who holds the belief that we exist
in a purposeless and chaotic universe.
Well, honestly that fits The Joker perfectly
as well.
So, can both of these viewpoints be correct?
Let’s take this opportunity to further define
our terms.
I’m taking these directly from the essay
“The Difference Between Existentialism,
Nihilism, and Absurdism” (link in the description
below).
Existentialism is the belief that through
a combination of awareness, free will, and
personal responsibility, one can construct
their own meaning within a world that intrinsically
has none of its own.
Nihilism is the belief that not only is there
no intrinsic meaning in the universe, but
that it’s pointless to try to construct
our own as a substitute.
Absurdism is the belief that a search for
meaning is inherently in conflict with the
actual lack of meaning, but that one should
both accept this and simultaneously rebel
against it by embracing what life has to offer.
To me, being an absurdist can be a reaction
to nihilism.
So basically The Joker is an absurdist because
he has reacted to his nihilistic views.
Now you may see this a different way and that’s
okay.
As writer Daniel Miiessler points out, people
have written entire books on each of these
terms.
However, agree or disagree, let’s explore
the concept of Absurdism a little further.
In philosophy, the concept of the absurd,
as defined by Albert Camus, refers to a conflict
between the human tendency to look for inherent
value and meaning in the universe and the
complete lack of any such value or meaning.
Put simply, we want the universe to have meaning,
order, and reason but the universe is chaos.
Walter White: The universe is random. It's not inevitable. It's simple chaos. It's sub-atomic particles in endless, aimless collision.
That's what science teaches us... but... What is this saying?
To Camus, an "Absurd Hero" is a person who
can see and fully comprehend the lack of both
meaning and inherent value in the universe,
accept it, and embrace the freedom that knowledge
brings.
They make their own meaning and they're happy
with that.
In short, Camus suggests that acknowledging
the truth, the eternity and futility of our
fate, is enough to render it less crushing.
His point was that we can accept and live
in a world devoid of meaning or purpose.
So this video is far from over.
In fact, we’re only halfway there.
Fortunately, it was all written and recorded
at the same time.
So join me on Thursday and we’ll continue
our discussion of Batman, The Joker and Philosophy.
We’re going to discuss The Myth of Sisyphus
and how it relates to Camus’ Absurd hero.Then
we’ll explore the origin of The Clown Prince
of crime, both in the comics and real life.
And finally, we’ll tell the story of The
Joker’s one bad day and discuss what The
Joker really wants.
Thank you for watching.
Go my children, in the name of the like, the
share and the holy subscribe button.
Get the channel some exposure.
I would really appreciate it.
This channel is totally fan-funded by our lovely patrons on Patreon. If you can, please support the channel at Patreon.com/FancyTeeth.
Even $1 a month can make a big difference.
Until next time, be kind to each other, I’m
Jay Parks.
|
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Indonesian:
[EFEK SUARA DRUMSET]
Selamat Datang di Jam 7!
Tunggu, tunggu sebentar.
Kami benar-benar pergi sekarang?
Ya, sebenarnya kami
pergi sekarang, Kode.
Anda akan pakai
kaus itu?
Ini adalah favorit saya
kaus sekarang.
Aku tidak mengenalmu
akan memakainya.
Hai teman-teman, kita akan pergi
menuju ke lagu intro.
Ty, kamu akan pergi
lepaskan kausnya,
karena hal itu konyol.
Saya setuju dengan Cody.
Kita mulai!
[MUSIK BERMAIN]
(Menyanyi) Pria jangkung, jenggot,
kembar, hoser ungu.
Dude Perfect ada di lembur.
Pria jangkung, jenggot,
kembar, hoser ungu.
Sekarang kita menuju lembur.
Terima kasih, Ty.
Wow.
Tidak bisa percaya kalian
membuat saya melepasnya.
Bung, itu kemeja yang aneh.
Baiklah, baiklah, jika kita melihat
sedikit gugup di sini,
itu karena kita menendang
hal ini dengan banger.
OK, kami merasa buruk, kami
mengeluarkannya terakhir kali.
Tapi kita akan memulai
dengan beberapa Wheel Disayangkan.
Tapi pertama-tama, apa yang kalian katakan
kita lakukan waktu bebas sekarang?
Oh!
Sekarang?
BAIK.
Hadiah ini sederhana.
Kami akan memilih 10 dari Anda
teman-teman mengirimi Anda topi Cody.
Wow!
Itu ada.
Spanish:
Bienvenidos a Tiempo extra No.7
Espera espera!
Cody: Realmente estamos grabando ahorita?
Ty: Si asi es, estamos grabando Cod's
Vas a usar esa sudadera? [RISAS]
Esta es mi sudadera favorita, por ahora...
No crei que la usarias... hey amigos vamos a dirigirnos a la cancion del intro
Hmm Ty, te vas a quitar esa sudadera
Porque esa cosa es ridicula
Estoy de acuerdo con Cody
Ahi vamoooos!!
Gracias, chicos...
Wow, no puedo creer que me hicieron quitarmela
De acuerdo
Nos vemos un poco nerviosos aqui
Vamos a empezar con un banger
Okey, nos sentimos mal, lo sacamos la ultima vez
Pero vamos a empezar con un poco de Rueda Desafortunada
Pero primero!, Que tal si hacemos tiempo de regalos ahora mismo
Okey, este giveaway es simple
Escogeremos a 10 de ustedes
Para enviarles la gorra de Cody
English:
[DRUMSET SOUND EFFECTS]
Welcome to Overtime 7!
Wait, hold on.
We're actually going right now?
Yes, we're actually
going right now, Codes.
You're going to wear
that sweatshirt?
This is my favorite
sweatshirt right now.
I didn't know you
were going to wear it.
Hey folks, we're going to
head to the intro song.
Ty, you're going to
take the sweatshirt off,
because that thing's ridiculous.
I agree with Cody.
Here we go!
[MUSIC PLAYING]
(SINGING) Tall guy, beard,
twins, purple hoser.
Dude Perfect's in Overtime.
Tall guy, beard,
twins, purple hoser.
Now we're headed onto Overtime.
Thank you, Ty.
Wow.
Can't believe you guys
made me take that off.
Dude, that's a weird shirt.
All right, well, if we look
a little nervous up here,
it's because we're kicking
this thing off with a banger.
OK, we felt bad, we
took it out last time.
But we're going to start off
with some Wheel Unfortunate.
But first, what do you guys say
we do giveaway time right now?
Oh!
Now?
OK.
This giveaway is simple.
We will be choosing 10 of you
guys to send you Cody's hat.
Wow!
There it is.
German:
[SCHLAGZEUG TROMMELN]
Willkommen bei Overtime 7!
Warte, warte mal.
Sind wir schon drauf?
Ja wir sind tatsächlich
schon drauf, Codes.
Du ziehst dieses
Sweatshirt an?
Das ist gerade mein
Lieblings-Sweatshirt.
Ich wusste nicht, dass
du es anziehen würdest.
Hey Leute, wir wechseln
über zum Intro-Song.
Ty, du musst das Sweatshirt ausziehen,
denn das Ding ist lächerlich.
Ich stimme Cody zu.
Los geht's!
[MUSIK ERTÖNT]
(SINGT) Großer Typ, Bart, Zwillinge,
lilafarbener Hosenträger.
Dude Perfect's bei Overtime.
(SINGT) Großer Typ, Bart, Zwillinge,
lilafarbener Hosenträger.
Jetzt fängt gleich Overtime an.
Danke, Ty.
Wow.
Ich fass es nicht, dass ihr mich
gezwungen habt, das auszuziehen.
Alter, das ist ein seltsames Hemd.
Alles klar, nun, wenn wir hier
oben ein wenig nervös aussehen,
dann deshalb, weil wir dieses
Ding mit einem Knaller starten.
Wir haben uns schlecht gefühlt weil
wir es letztes Mal ausgelassen haben.
Aber wir werden mit einem
Unglücksrad beginnen.
Aber zuerst, was haltet ihr davon,
wenn wir jetzt die Verlosung machen?
Oh!
Jetzt?
OK.
Diese Verlosung ist einfach.
Wir werden 10 von euch auswählen,
um euch Codys Hut zu schicken.
Wow!
Da ist es.
Russian:
[Звуковые эффекты DRUMSET]
Добро пожаловать в Overtime 7!
Сейчас подожди.
Мы действительно идем прямо сейчас?
Да мы на самом деле
Идем прямо сейчас, коды.
Ты будешь носить
эта толстовка?
Это мой любимый
толстовка прямо сейчас.
Я тебя не знал
собирались носить его.
Эй, ребята, мы собираемся
голова к вступительной песне.
Тай, ты собираешься
сними кофту,
потому что это смешно
Я согласен с Коди.
Вот так!
[ВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ МУЗЫКИ]
(Поет) Высокий парень, борода,
близнецы, пурпурный шляпник.
Чувак Perfect в сверхурочных.
Высокий парень, борода,
близнецы, пурпурный шляпник.
Теперь мы направляемся на сверхурочную работу.
Спасибо, Тай.
Вот это да.
Не могу поверить, ребята
заставил меня снять это.
Чувак, это странная рубашка.
Хорошо, хорошо, если мы посмотрим
немного нервничать здесь,
это потому что мы пинаем
эта штука со связкой.
Хорошо, мы плохо себя чувствовали, мы
вынул его в прошлый раз.
Но мы собираемся начать
с некоторым колесом
Но сначала, что вы, ребята, говорите
мы раздаем время прямо сейчас?
Ой!
Сейчас?
ХОРОШО.
Эта дешевая распродажа проста.
Мы будем выбирать 10 из вас
ребята, чтобы отправить вам шляпу Коди.
Вот Это Да!
Вот оно
German:
Um mitzumachen müsst ihr einfach
eine SMS mit dem Text "DUDE"
an 888111 schicken. Wir werden
10 von euch auswählen und
euch einen brandneuen DP-Hut schicken.
Es können Kosten für
SMS-Nachrichten anfallen.
Wirklich?
Ich wollte das nur schon
immer mal machen.
Verstehe.
OK!
Es ist Zeit für Unglücksrad!
Ich liebe es, wenn ich es hasse.
Ich weiß.
[MUSIK SPIELT]
Oh, da ist es ja.
Hat jemand von euch ein
besonders glückliches
Händchen und will den Namen ziehen?
Ich glaube immer noch nicht,
dass alle fünf unserer Namen
tatsächlich im Hut stecken,
also möchte ich ziehen.
Nur damit du es weißt,
du hast bereits gezogen.
Und er hat sich vorhin selbst
erwischt, also hilft ihm das
nicht wirklich.
Es gibt mehrere Namen darin.
Können wir das einfach machen?
Ja.
Hör auf zu gucken.
Stop.
Auf die Plätze!
Fertig!
Ich hab den Namen.
Das bin ich.
Cory, zeig es den Zuschauern!
Auf die Plätze, fertig!
Ich bin so glücklich!
Meine Güte.
Er muss damit aufhören.
Er muss aufhören
sich selbst zu ziehen.
Ich dachte wirklich 2019
wird anders.
Nö.
English:
All you have to do to enter
is text "DUDE" to 888111.
And we will select
10 of you guys,
send you a brand new DP hat.
Text message data
rates may apply.
Will they?
I just, I've always
wanted to do that.
Got it.
OK!
It is time for
Wheel Un- fortunate!
I love when I hate it.
I know.
[MUSIC PLAYING]
Oh, there she is.
Is anybody feeling
particularly lucky
like, I want to pick the name?
I still do not believe
that all five of our names
are actually in the hat,
so I would like to pick.
Just so you know,
you've already picked.
And he's picked himself
before, so this doesn't really
help him.
There are multiple
names in there.
Can we just do this?
Yes.
Stop looking.
Stop.
Ready!
Set!
I have the name.
It's me.
Cory, show the viewers!
Ready, set!
I'm so happy!
Oh, my.
He's got to stop doing that.
He's got to stop
picking himself.
I really thought 2019 was
going to be different.
Nope.
Indonesian:
Yang harus Anda lakukan untuk masuk
adalah teks "DUDE" ke 888111.
Dan kami akan memilih
10 dari kalian,
mengirimi Anda topi DP baru.
Data pesan teks
tarif mungkin berlaku.
Akankah mereka?
Saya hanya, saya selalu
ingin melakukan itu.
Oke.
BAIK!
Sudah waktunya untuk
Roda Tidak Beruntung!
Saya suka ketika saya membencinya.
Aku tahu.
[MUSIK BERMAIN]
Oh, ini dia.
Adakah yang merasa
sangat beruntung
seperti, saya ingin memilih nama?
Saya masih tidak percaya
bahwa kelima nama kami
sebenarnya di topi,
jadi saya ingin memilih.
Asal kamu tahu,
kamu sudah memilih.
Dan dia memilih dirinya sendiri
sebelumnya, jadi ini tidak benar
tolong dia.
Ada banyak
nama di sana.
Bisakah kita melakukan ini?
Iya nih.
Berhenti melihat.
Berhenti.
Siap!
Set!
Saya punya nama.
Ini aku.
Cory, tunjukkan pada pemirsa!
Siap, siap!
Aku sangat bahagia!
Astaga.
Dia harus berhenti melakukan itu.
Dia harus berhenti
memilih dirinya sendiri.
Saya benar-benar berpikir tahun 2019
akan berbeda.
Nggak.
Russian:
Все, что вам нужно сделать, чтобы войти
это текст "чувак" на 888111.
И мы выберем
10 из вас, ребята,
отправить вам новую шляпу DP.
Данные текстового сообщения
ставки могут применяться.
Будут ли они?
Я просто всегда
хотел сделать это.
Понял.
ХОРОШО!
Пришло время
Колесо не повезло!
Я люблю, когда я ненавижу это.
Я знаю.
[ВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ МУЗЫКИ]
О, вот и она.
Кто-нибудь чувствует
особенно повезло
как, я хочу выбрать имя?
Я до сих пор не верю
что все пять наших имен
на самом деле в шляпе,
поэтому я хотел бы выбрать.
Просто чтобы ты знал,
ты уже выбрал.
И он выбрал себя
раньше, так что это не совсем
Помоги ему.
Есть несколько
имена там.
Можем ли мы просто сделать это?
Да.
Перестать смотреть.
Стоп.
Готовы!
Задавать!
У меня есть имя.
Это я.
Кори, покажи зрителям!
Готово, установлено!
Я так счастлив!
О мой
Он должен прекратить это делать.
Он должен остановиться
выбираю сам.
Я действительно думал, что 2019 был
будет другим.
Нету.
Spanish:
Lo unico que tienes que hacer es enviar el mensaje "DUDE" al 888111
Seleccionaremos a 10 de ustedes
Para enviarte una nueva gorra de DP
Mensajes de texto pueden tener un costo extra...
Mmm bueno..
Siempre quise hacer eso...
Okay, es tiempo para la
RUEDA DE LA DESGRACIA
Ahi esta, alguien se siente particularmente con suerte
Asi como de que quiero escoger el nombre
Yo.. aun no creo que todos nuestros nombres esten en el sombrero
Asi que me gustaria escoger
Solo para que sepan, ya ha elegido su
propio nombre antes
Asi que esto no le ayuda
Hay multiples nombres ahi
Podemos hacer esto!!
Deja de mirar! paraa
PREPARADOS!
LISTO?! Tengo el nombre
Soy yo
Spanish:
English:
It's not!
Tell him what he needs
to go do right now.
You need to go spin
that wheel, big boy.
Cory, go spin that wheel, baby!
Ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to Wheel Unfortunate!
I am your host, Ned
Forrester, and I'm
in a particularly
good mood today.
I don't know what it is.
It may be that it's a new year.
It may be that it's
a contract year,
and old Ned just cashed out.
Or it may be the fact that
we've got some new consequences
on the board.
Why don't we take a look
at some of the new ones
we've got for you guys.
We've got waxed pits.
We've got get French toasted,
one of my personal favorites.
Can't wait for you
guys to see that one.
And then my personal
favorite, milk a cow
straight into your mouth.
I believe we have our
contestant ready to join us.
Believe it or not,
we got Cory Cotton!
Wow!
Cory, some might call
you the Coby Cotton
of Wheel Unfortunate!
What's the deal?
I wouldn't have believed
if I did not personally
check the hat.
You drew yourself.
It's my second time
to draw myself.
Russian:
Это не!
Скажи ему, что ему нужно
идти делать прямо сейчас.
Вам нужно пойти вращаться
это колесо, большой мальчик.
Кори, иди крути это колесо, детка!
Дамы и господа,
добро пожаловать в колесо несчастный!
Я твой хозяин, Нед
Форрестер, а я
в частности
Хорошее настроение сегодня.
Я не знаю что это.
Может быть, это новый год.
Может быть, это
год контракта,
и старый Нед только что вышел из игры.
Или это может быть тот факт, что
у нас есть некоторые новые последствия
на борту.
Почему бы нам не взглянуть
на некоторых из новых
у нас есть для вас, ребята.
У нас есть вощеные ямы.
У нас есть французские тосты,
один из моих любимых.
Не могу ждать тебя
ребята, чтобы увидеть это.
А потом мой личный
любимый, доить корову
прямо в рот.
Я считаю, что у нас есть
участник готов присоединиться к нам.
Хочешь верь, хочешь нет,
мы получили Кори Коттон!
Вот Это Да!
Кори, некоторые могут позвонить
ты Коби Коттон
Колесо неудачное!
В чем дело?
Я бы не поверил
если бы я не лично
проверь шляпу.
Вы нарисовали себя.
Это мой второй раз
рисовать себя.
German:
Wird es nicht.
Sag ihm was er
jetzt machen soll.
Du musst das Rad drehen,
mein Grosser.
Cory, geh und dreh das Rad, Baby!
Meine Damen und Herren,
willkommen zum Unglücksrad!
Ich bin ihr Gastgeber,
Ned Forrester und ich
habe besonders gute Laune heute.
Ich weiss nicht was es ist.
Vielleicht weil wir ein
neues Jahr haben.
Vielleicht, weil es ein
neues Vertragsjahr ist,
und der alte Ned wurde
gerade ausbezahlt.
Oder es könnte auch sein,
weil wir einige neue
Konsequenzen auf
dem Tisch haben.
Warum schauen wir uns
nicht mal an was wir
für euch Neues haben.
Wir haben gewachste Achseln.
Wir haben "French Toasted",
eines meiner persönlichen Lieblinge.
Ich kann es kaum erwarten,
es euch Jungs zu zeigen.
Und dann hat mein persönlicher
Favorit, eine Kuh melken
direkt in den Mund.
Ich glaube, unsere Teilnehmer sind
bereit, sich uns anzuschließen.
Ob ihr es glaubt oder nicht,
wir haben Cory Cotton!
Wow!
Cory, einige würden dich
Coby Cotton vom
Unglücksrad nennen!
Wo ist das Problem?
Wenn ich es nicht selbst
überprüft hätte, würde
ich es nicht glauben.
Du hast dich selbst gezogen.
Zum zweiten Mal.
Indonesian:
Ini bukan!
Katakan padanya apa yang dia butuhkan
harus dilakukan sekarang.
Anda harus berputar
roda itu, anak besar.
Cory, pergi putar roda itu, sayang!
Wanita dan pria,
selamat datang di Wheel Unfortunate!
Saya adalah tuan rumah Anda, Ned
Forrester, dan aku
secara khusus
suasana hati yang baik hari ini.
Saya tidak tahu apa itu.
Mungkin ini tahun baru.
Mungkin saja itu
satu tahun kontrak,
dan Ned tua baru saja menguangkan.
Atau mungkin fakta itu
kami punya beberapa konsekuensi baru
di papan tulis.
Kenapa kita tidak melihatnya
di beberapa yang baru
kami punya untuk kalian.
Kami punya lubang lilin.
Kita harus memanggang Prancis,
Salah satu favorit saya.
Tidak bisa menunggumu
teman-teman untuk melihat itu.
Dan kemudian pribadi saya
favorit, susu sapi
langsung ke mulutmu.
Saya yakin kita punya milik kita
kontestan siap bergabung dengan kami.
Percaya atau tidak,
kami mendapat Cory Cotton!
Wow!
Cory, beberapa orang mungkin menelepon
Anda Coby Cotton
dari Roda Disayangkan!
Apa masalahnya?
Saya tidak akan percaya
jika saya tidak secara pribadi
periksa topinya.
Anda menggambar diri sendiri.
Ini kali kedua saya
untuk menggambar sendiri.
Russian:
Держи микрофон, пожалуйста.
Хорошо, что ты
может понадобиться, Кор.
Немного пикапа.
Старый Нед любит делать дождь!
400 фальшивых долларов.
Спасибо, Нед.
Вау.
Не смотрите на них слишком близко.
Хорошо, Кор.
Идите и вращайте это колесо!
О, это хорошее вращение.
Пожалуйста, надо доить
корова у тебя во рту!
Это все, что я хочу!
Ни за что, ни за что.
Пожалуйста, забери это.
Я этого не делаю.
Да, Кор.
О, я собираюсь быть
честно говоря, я не мог
быть более возбужденным прямо сейчас.
Кор, я думаю, что есть только
Осталось сделать, мой мужчина.
И это сказать,
это прискорбно!
Отлично.
Увидимся в следующий раз, Кор.
Эй, может быть, мы должны переименовать
шоу Кори неудачно
Все время.
Это не было бы хорошо ...
Посмотрим.
English:
Hold the mic, please.
All right, what you
might need, Cor.
A little bit of a pick-me-up.
Old Ned likes to make it rain!
400 fake dollars.
Thank you, Ned.
Whoa.
Don't look at those too close.
All right, Cor.
Go ahead and spin that wheel!
Oh it's a good spin.
Please have to milk
a cow in your mouth!
That's all I want!
No way, no way, no way.
Please take it away.
I'm not doing that.
Yes, you are, Cor.
Oh, I'm going to be
honest, I could not
be more excited right now.
Cor, I think there's only
one thing left to do, my man.
And that is say,
that's unfortunate!
All right.
We'll see you next time, Cor.
Hey, maybe we should rename
the show, Corey's Unfortunate
All the Time.
That wouldn't be a good--
We'll see.
German:
Halt mal das Mikro bitte.
Alles klar, was immer
du brauchst, Cor.
Ein bisschen Aufmunterung.
Der alte Ned lässt es gerne regnen!
400 falsche Dollar.
Danke, Ned.
Hey.
Schau sie dir nicht zu genau an.
In Ordnung, Cor.
Mach schon und dreh das Rad!
Oh, das ist eine gute Drehung.
Bitte hab Kuh in
den Mund melken!
Das ist alles, was ich will!
Auf keinen Fall, auf keinen Fall,
auf keinen Fall.
Bitte nimm das raus.
Das mach ich nicht.
Doch, das machst du, Cor.
Oh, ich bin ehrlich,
ich könnte mich nicht
mehr freuen gerade.
Cor, ich denke, es gibt nur eine
einzige Sache übrig, Kumpel.
Und das ist, sagen
wir mal Unglück!
In Ordnung.
Wir sehen uns beim
nächsten Mal, Cor.
Hey, vielleicht sollten wir die Show
umbenennen in Corey's Unglück.
Immer.
Das wäre kein guter--
Wir werden sehen.
Indonesian:
Tolong pegang miknya.
Baiklah, apa yang Anda
mungkin perlu, Cor.
Sedikit pick-me-up.
Old Ned suka membuatnya hujan!
400 dolar palsu.
Terima kasih, Ned.
Wah
Jangan melihat yang terlalu dekat.
Baiklah, Kor.
Maju dan putar roda itu!
Oh, ini putaran yang bagus.
Harap harus memerah susu
seekor sapi di mulutmu!
Itu saja yang saya inginkan!
Tidak mungkin, tidak mungkin, tidak mungkin.
Tolong ambil itu.
Saya tidak melakukan itu.
Ya, Anda, Kor.
Oh, aku akan menjadi
jujur, saya tidak bisa
lebih bersemangat sekarang.
Cor, saya pikir hanya ada
satu hal yang harus dilakukan, sobat.
Dan itu mengatakan,
sangat disayangkan!
Baiklah.
Sampai jumpa lagi, Cor.
Hei, mungkin kita harus mengganti nama
pertunjukan, Corey's Unfortunate
Sepanjang waktu.
Itu tidak akan menjadi baik--
Kita lihat saja nanti.
Spanish:
Indonesian:
Nah, Cor, Anda sudah
pernah ke sini sebelumnya?
Beberapa kali?
Maksudku, bukan di kursi ini, tapi
Anda mengalami nasib buruk.
Bagaimana perasaanmu?
Sejauh ini yang terburuk
penalti yang akan kita miliki.
Apakah Anda merasa tidak beruntung?
Jelas sekali.
Berapa lama ini seharusnya
ambil sebelum mereka tumbuh kembali?
Saya melihat di antara keduanya
empat minggu dan 16 minggu.
Iya nih.
Oh man!
Itu empat bulan.
Demi kita, saya harap
itu tanda 16 minggu.
BAIK.
Anda punya celemek Anda.
Kami punya tukang cukur kami.
Sudah waktunya.
Saya tidak sabar untuk melihat ini.
Saya benar-benar memikirkannya
akan menjadi aku.
Istrinya sangat kesal.
Luar biasa.
Saya benci pertunjukan game ini.
Jika kalian tidak tahu,
Saya punya masalah saraf
dari kecelakaan mobil.
Astaga.
Oh ya.
Itu yang kami cari.
Oh wow.
Oh, itu lancar.
Ya ampun.
Hai semuanya
rumah, katakan dengan saya.
Sangat disayangkan.
Kerja bagus, Cor.
Wow, ambil satu untuk tim.
Itu sulit dilihat.
Ini game terburuk
tampil di dunia.
Bisakah kita bergerak
ke segmen lain?
Kita bisa, kita bisa.
Tapi pertama-tama, jaga-jaga
siapa saja
Spanish:
German:
Nun, Cor, bist du schon
mal hier gewesen?
Ein paar Mal?
Nicht in diesem Stuhl, aber dich hat
das Unglücksrad schon erwischt.
Wie fühlst du dich?
Das ist bei weitem die schlimmste
Strafe, die wir jemals haben werden.
Fühlst du das Unglück?
Offensichtlich.
Wie lange wird es dauern
bis das wieder nachwächst?
Ich schätze irgendwas zwischen
vier Wochen und 16 Wochen.
Ja.
Oh, Mann!
Das sind vier Monate.
Um unseretwillen hoffe ich
es sind eher 16-Wochen.
OK.
Du hast deine Schürze an.
Wir haben unseren Friseur.
Es ist Zeit loszulegen.
Ich kann es kaum erwarten,
das zu sehen.
Ich habe wirklich gedacht,
es würde mich treffen.
Seine Frau ist so sauer.
Es ist unglaublich.
Ich hasse diese Spielshow.
Falls ihr es nicht wisst, ich
habe ein Nervenproblem
seit einem Autounfall.
Oh, Mann.
Oh, ja.
Das ist es, wonach wir suchen.
Oh, wow.
Oh, das ist glatt.
Oh, meine Güte.
Hey, ihr alle zu Hause,
sagt es mit mir.
Das ist aber unglücklich.
Gut gemacht, Cor.
Na komm, einen für's Team.
Da kann man gar nicht hinsehen.
Das ist die schlimmste
Spielshow der Welt.
Können wir bitte zum
nächsten Teil springen?
Können wir machen.
Aber vorher, falls jemand jemals
English:
Well, Cor, you've
been here before?
A couple of times?
I mean, not in this chair, but
you've been wheel unfortunate.
How you feeling?
This is by far the worst
penalty that we will ever have.
Are you feeling unfortunate?
Obviously.
How long is this supposed to
take before they grow back?
I see anywhere between
four weeks and 16 weeks.
Yes.
Oh, man!
That's four months.
For our sake, I hope
it's the 16 week mark.
OK.
You got your apron on.
We got our barber.
It's go time.
I just can't wait to see this.
I really thought it
was going to be me.
His wife is so upset.
It's amazing.
I hate this game show.
If you guys don't know,
I got a nerve issue
from a car accident.
Oh, my.
Oh, yeah.
That's what we're looking for.
Oh, wow.
Oh, that's smooth.
Oh, my gosh.
Hey everyone at
home, say it with me.
That's unfortunate.
Good job, Cor.
Wow, take one for the team.
That's hard to look at.
It's the worst game
show in the world.
Can we please move
to another segment?
We can, we can.
But first, in case
anybody's ever
Russian:
Хорошо, Кор, ты
был здесь раньше?
Пару раз?
Я имею в виду, не в этом кресле, но
ты был неудачным.
Как ты себя чувствуешь?
Это, безусловно, худшее
наказание, которое мы когда-либо будем иметь.
Вы чувствуете себя несчастным?
Очевидно.
Как долго это должно
принять, прежде чем они отрастут?
Я вижу где-нибудь между
четыре недели и 16 недель.
Да.
О чувак!
Это четыре месяца.
Ради нас, я надеюсь,
это 16-недельная отметка.
ХОРОШО.
На тебе фартук.
Мы получили нашего парикмахера.
Время идти.
Я просто не могу дождаться, чтобы увидеть это.
Я действительно думал, что это
собирался быть мной.
Его жена так расстроена.
Это удивительно
Я ненавижу это игровое шоу.
Если вы, ребята, не знаете,
У меня нервная проблема
от автомобильной аварии.
О мой
О да.
Это то, что мы ищем.
Ух ты.
О, это гладко.
О, черт возьми.
Привет всем в
домой, скажи это со мной.
Это прискорбно.
Хорошая работа, Кор.
Вау, возьми один для команды.
На это сложно смотреть.
Это худшая игра
шоу в мире.
Можем ли мы переехать
в другой сегмент?
Мы можем, мы можем.
Но сначала на случай
кто-нибудь когда-либо
German:
traurig ist, während einer Folge,
müsst ihr einfach nur--
Oh, aufmuntern.
Immer.
Nun, kommen wir zu einem
relativ neuen Bereich.
Kommen wir zum Geschmackstest.
Schön!
OK, also haben wir
letztes Mal beim
Geschmackstest erfahren, dass
Gar der Kaffee-Typ ist.
Und ich würde sagen, er hat sich
ganz gut geschlagen, oder?
Heute möchte ich bekannt machen,
dass ich Burger Ty bin.
OK?
Oh, schön!
Ich würde sagen, dass ich
der König der Burger bin.
Es gab eine Zeit in meinem
Leben, da habe ich mehr als
zwei Burger am Tag gegessen.
Zwei Burgs am Tag?
Lasst uns ihnen ein
Bild davon zeigen.
Du sahst aus wie ein Burger.
OK.
Danke, Gar.
Weißt du--
Es war 98% Bratling.
Es sah aus, als würdest du Burger
in seinem Hemd reinschmuggeln.
Burger, der in den--
Das war gut.
Also ging Coby hinaus und
kaufte fünf einfache
Cheeseburger von fünf der
beliebtesten Burger-Ketten
in den USA.
OK?
Wir haben Burger King.
Wir haben In-N-Out, McDonald's,
Wendy's und Whataburger.
Keine Favoriten, offensichtlich.
Cody wird mich füttern.
Ich werde einen Bissen nehmen.
Ich werde sofort wissen, was es ist.
English:
feeling down throughout the
episode, all you gotta do--
Oh, lift your spirits.
Every time.
Well, it is time to head into
a relatively new segment.
Let's head to Taste Test.
Nice!
OK, so last time
in Taste Test, we
learned that Gar
is the coffee guy.
And I would say he
did pretty well, OK?
Today, I want to establish
that I am Burger Ty.
OK?
Oh, nice!
I would say that I am
the king of the burgers.
There was a time in my
life where I would have
upwards of two burgers a day.
Two burgs a day?
Let's show them a
picture of that.
You looked like a burger.
OK.
Thank you, Gar.
You know--
It was 98% patty.
It looked like you were
smuggling burgers in his shirt.
Burger stuffed in the--
That was good.
So Coby went out and bought
five plain cheeseburgers
from five of the more
popular burger establishments
in the US.
OK?
We've got Burger King.
We've got In-N-Out, McDonald's,
Wendy's, and Whataburger.
No favorites, obviously.
Cody will feed me.
I will take a bite.
I will know immediately,
obviously, what it is.
Spanish:
Indonesian:
merasa sedih sepanjang
episode, yang harus Anda lakukan--
Oh, angkatlah semangatmu.
Setiap saat.
Nah, ini saatnya menuju
segmen yang relatif baru.
Mari kita menuju ke Taste Test.
Bagus!
Oke, jadi yang terakhir kali
dalam Taste Test, kami
mengetahui bahwa Gar
adalah orang kopi.
Dan aku akan mengatakannya
melakukannya dengan cukup baik, oke?
Hari ini, saya ingin membangun
bahwa saya Burger Ty.
BAIK?
Oh bagus!
Saya akan mengatakan bahwa saya
raja burger.
Ada waktu di saya
kehidupan di mana saya akan memiliki
lebih dari dua burger sehari.
Dua burger sehari?
Mari kita tunjukkan pada mereka a
gambar itu.
Anda tampak seperti burger.
BAIK.
Terima kasih, Gar.
Kamu tahu--
Itu 98% patty.
Sepertinya kamu
menyelundupkan burger di kemejanya.
Burger diisi di -
Itu bagus.
Jadi Coby keluar dan membeli
lima cheeseburger polos
dari lima lebih
perusahaan burger populer
di Amerika.
BAIK?
Kami punya Burger King.
Kami punya In-N-Out, McDonald's,
Wendy's, dan Whataburger.
Jelas tidak ada favorit.
Cody akan memberi saya makan.
Saya akan menggigit.
Saya akan segera tahu,
jelas apa itu.
Russian:
чувствовать себя подавленным на протяжении
эпизод, все, что тебе нужно сделать--
О, поднимите себе настроение.
Каждый раз.
Ну, пора идти в
относительно новый сегмент.
Давайте отправимся к вкусовому тесту.
Ницца!
Хорошо, так в прошлый раз
во вкусовом тесте мы
узнал, что Гар
это парень кофе
И я бы сказал, что он
хорошо, хорошо?
Сегодня я хочу установить
что я Бургер Тай.
ОК?
О, классно!
Я бы сказал, что я
король гамбургеров.
Было время в моем
жизнь, где я бы
до двух гамбургеров в день.
Два бурга в день?
Давайте покажем им
картина этого.
Ты выглядел как гамбургер.
ХОРОШО.
Спасибо, Гар.
Ты знаешь--
Это был 98% пирожок.
Это выглядело как
контрабандой гамбургеры в его рубашке.
Бургер, фаршированный в ...
Это было хорошо.
Итак, Коби вышел и купил
пять простых чизбургеров
из пяти более
популярные заведения бургер
в США.
ОК?
У нас есть Бургер Кинг.
У нас есть In-N-Out, McDonald's,
Венди и Ватабургер.
Без фаворитов, очевидно.
Коди накормит меня.
Я буду кусать.
Я сразу узнаю,
очевидно, что это такое.
Spanish:
Indonesian:
Dia akan menaruhnya di piring.
Dan dia kemudian akan melanjutkan
meminta serutan sisa
dari burger.
Baiklah, ini dia.
Burger nomor satu.
Baiklah, ini dia.
Cobalah.
Itu yang kamu butuhkan.
BAIK?
Bicaralah pada kami.
Seperti apa rasanya
apakah kamu mengalami
Dia benar-benar tidak tahu!
Dia tidak tahu.
Saya akan jujur,
itu cukup sederhana.
Saya akan mengatakan itu juga
Burger King atau Wendy.
Mari kita letakkan di
Piring Burger King untuk saat ini.
Itu dugaanku.
Benar-benar baik-baik saja.
Di situlah saya ingin memulai.
Ayo pergi burger nomor dua.
OK, burger nomor dua.
Cobalah.
Itu adalah gigitan murahan.
Ya, itu gigitan murahan.
Itu pasti--
Dia berubah pikiran!
Itu a--
Seperti dia
menelan, dia pergi,
tidak, bukan itu yang terjadi.
Itu Wendy.
Itu burger Wendy.
Dia percaya diri.
Itu burger Wendy.
Saya bisa merasakannya.
Kami menempatkannya di tempat yang Anda katakan.
3, 2, 1.
Saya akan jujur,
semuanya terasa persis.
German:
Er wird es auf den Teller legen.
Und er wird dann nach
Burgerüberresten
fragen.
OK, los geht's.
Burger Numer eins.
Alles klar, los geht's.
Beiss rein.
Das ist alles was du brauchst.
OK?
Sprich mit uns.
Welche Geschmacksrichtungen
schmeckst du?
Er hat buchstäblich keine Ahnung!
Er weiß es nicht.
Ich werde ehrlich sein,
das ist ziemlich fad.
Ich sage, dass es entweder
Burger King oder Wendy's ist.
Lasst es uns vorerst auf die
Burger King-Platte legen.
Das ist meine Vermutung.
Absolut in Ordnung.
Hier fang ich mal an.
Lasst uns Burger Nummer
zwei probieren.
OK, Burger Nummer zwei.
Beiss rein.
Das war ein käsiger Bissen.
Ja, es war ein Käsebiss.
Das muss sein--
Er hat seine Meinung geändert!
Das ist--
Es ist, als ob er runter
geschluckt hat,
und sagt, nein, das war es nicht.
Das ist Wendy's.
Das ist ein Burger von Wendy's.
Er ist zuversichtlich.
Das ist ein Burger von Wendy's.
Ich kann es schmecken.
Wir legen es dort hin, wo du sagst.
3, 2, 1.
Ich werde ehrlich sein, die
schmecken alle gleich.
English:
He will put it on the plate.
And he will then proceed to
ask for the leftover shavings
from the burger.
OK, here we go.
Burger number one.
All right, there you go.
Take a bite.
That's all you need.
OK?
Talk to us.
What kind of flavors
are you experiencing?
He has literally no idea!
He doesn't know.
I'm going to be honest,
that's pretty plain.
I'm going to say it's either
a Burger King or a Wendy's.
Let's place it on the
Burger King plate for now.
That's my guess.
Totally fine.
That's where I want to start.
Let's go burger number two.
OK, burger number two.
Take a bite.
That was a cheesy bite.
Yeah, it was a cheesy bite.
That's got to be--
He changed his mind!
That's a--
It's like as he
swallowed, he goes,
nope, that's not what it was.
That's a Wendy's.
That's a Wendy's burger.
He's confident.
That's a Wendy's burger.
I can taste it.
We are placing it where you say.
3, 2, 1.
I'm going to be honest,
they all taste exactly.
Russian:
Он положит это на тарелку.
И тогда он перейдет к
попросить остатки стружки
из бургера.
ОК, поехали.
Бургер номер один.
Хорошо, вот и все.
Взять немного.
Это все, что вам нужно.
ОК?
Поговори с нами.
Какие ароматы
ты переживаешь?
Он буквально понятия не имеет!
Он не знает
Я буду честен,
это довольно просто.
Я собираюсь сказать, что это либо
Бургер Кинг или Венди.
Давайте разместим это на
Пластинка Burger King пока что.
Это мое предположение.
Абсолютно хорошо.
Вот где я хочу начать.
Пойдем гамбургер номер два.
ОК, гамбургер номер два.
Взять немного.
Это был сырный укус.
Да, это был сырный укус.
Это должно быть ...
Он передумал!
Это--
Это как он
сглотнул, он идет,
Нет, это не то, что было.
Это Венди.
Это бургер Венди.
Он уверен в себе.
Это бургер Венди.
Я могу попробовать это.
Мы размещаем это там, где вы говорите.
3, 2, 1.
Я буду честен,
все они на вкус точно.
English:
All right, there's my
beloved Whataburger.
OK!
I can taste it.
Cool.
Taste it 100%.
Ty, open.
Quality cheese on that.
Oh!
He gets another bite.
It's affecting his past
decisions, I think.
Whoa!
He is starting to
question the whole day.
Burger King.
That's a Burger King burger.
OK.
So I need to make a move.
Yeah.
If I'm wrong on that,
each of you get $100.00.
Us, or the fans?
No, not the fans!
I don't know, that's a lot.
Please place the
burger that I just
tasted on the Burger
King plate, and let
me re-taste that burger.
So crunchy.
You made a mess.
We're good, we're good.
Honest, that's got
to be an In-N-Out.
That's just tongue-palate
awareness right there.
Place that on the
In-N-Out, please.
Got it.
Crushed that.
OK, last.
I am feeling really good
about where we're at.
I am fully expecting Mic's.
Mickey D's.
Put it down.
Indonesian:
Baiklah, ini milik saya
Whataburger tercinta.
BAIK!
Saya bisa merasakannya.
Keren.
Cicipi 100%.
Ty, buka.
Keju berkualitas untuk itu.
Oh!
Dia mendapat gigitan lagi.
Itu memengaruhi masa lalunya
keputusan, saya pikir.
Wah!
Dia mulai
mempertanyakan sepanjang hari.
Burger King.
Itu burger Burger King.
BAIK.
Jadi saya perlu bergerak.
Ya.
Jika saya salah tentang itu,
Anda masing-masing mendapatkan $ 100,00.
Kami, atau para penggemar?
Tidak, bukan penggemar!
Saya tidak tahu, itu banyak.
Silakan tempatkan
burger yang baru saja aku
mencicipi Burger
Piring raja, dan biarkan
saya mencicipi kembali burger itu.
Sangat renyah.
Anda membuat kekacauan.
Kami baik, kami baik.
Jujur, itu benar
menjadi In-N-Out.
Itu hanya lidah
kesadaran di sana.
Tempatkan itu di
In-N-Out, silakan.
Oke.
Hancur itu.
Oke, terakhir.
Saya merasa sangat baik
tentang di mana kita berada.
Saya sepenuhnya mengharapkan Mic.
Mickey D's.
Letakkan.
German:
Okay, da ist mein geliebter Whataburger.
OK!
Ich kann es schmecken.
Cool.
Schmeckt man zu 100%.
Ty, mach auf.
Da ist Qualitätskäse drauf.
Oh!
Er nimmt noch einen Bissen.
Es beeinflusst seine früheren
Entscheidungen, denke ich.
Boah!
Er fängt an, den ganzen
Tag zu hinterfragen.
Burger King.
Das ist ein Burger King Burger.
OK.
Also ich muss mich entscheiden.
Jap.
Wenn ich falsch liege bekommt
jeder von euch 100 Dollar.
Wir, oder die Fans?
Nein, nicht die Fans!
Ich weiß nicht, das ist eine Menge.
Bitte leg den Burger,
den ich gerade
probiert habe, auf den Burger
King Teller und lass mich
diesen Burger noch einmal
probieren.
So knusprig.
Du bist ein Chaot.
Uns geht es gut,
uns geht es gut.
Ehrlich, das muss ein
In-N-Out sein.
Das hier ist ein Zungen
und Gaumen Bewusstsein.
Leg das das bitte zu In-N-Out.
Verstanden.
Das hab ich aber gerockt.
Okay, der Letzte.
Ich fühle mich wirklich gut, wo wir stehen.
Ich erwarte voll und ganz
die von Mick's.
Mickey D's.
Leg hin.
Russian:
Хорошо, вот мой
любимый Ватабургер.
ХОРОШО!
Я могу попробовать это.
Здорово.
Попробуй 100%.
Тай, открой.
Качественный сыр на этом.
Ой!
Он получает еще один укус.
Это влияет на его прошлое
решения, я думаю.
Вау!
Он начинает
вопрос весь день.
Бургер Кинг.
Это Бургер Кинг Бургер.
ХОРОШО.
Поэтому мне нужно сделать ход.
Да уж.
Если я ошибаюсь,
каждый из вас получает по 100 долларов.
Нас или фанатов?
Нет, не фанаты!
Я не знаю, это много.
Пожалуйста, разместите
бургер, что я просто
попробованный на бургере
Король тарелка, и пусть
я заново попробую этот гамбургер.
Так хрустит.
Вы сделали беспорядок.
Мы хороши, мы хороши.
Честно, это есть
быть In-N-Out.
Это просто язык
осознание прямо там.
Поместите это на
In-N-Out, пожалуйста.
Понял.
Сокрушил это.
ОК, последний.
Я чувствую себя действительно хорошо
о том, где мы находимся.
Я полностью ожидаю микрофона.
Микки Ди.
Положи.
Spanish:
Spanish:
English:
Bang.
Burger him!
Folks, for the final burger.
Give me the whole thing.
It's not the first
time he's said that.
We knew that was coming.
OK, here we go.
I just want out
of that situation.
Oh, and I'm done, no more.
Well, unfortunately, we
don't have a burger to place.
Oh, my gosh, he's right!
Spit it out, spit it out.
Here's a little piece.
Don't do that!
Just a little piece.
It needs to represent something.
Tyler, stop.
No, I forgot.
That's on me.
I got-- I got
burger happy and I--
Yeah, that's McDonald's, 100%.
That's a Happy Meal.
I've had about a
million of them.
All right, Ty, I'm
removing the blindfold.
And I would like to announce
that you and Garrett both tied.
You went three for five.
Not bad!
Good stuff!
Nicely done!
You switched Wendy's
and In-N-Out.
Switched Wendy's, In-N-Out.
OK.
I feel like I'm on
a burger kick again.
No, we need salad
king, we need--
Salad king status next OT.
We got a great new
segment coming up.
A little game show, actually.
Game we like to call
Guess the Guest.
Indonesian:
Bang
Burger dia!
Teman-teman, untuk burger terakhir.
Berikan aku semuanya.
Bukan yang pertama
waktu dia mengatakan itu.
Kami tahu itu akan datang.
Baiklah, ini dia.
Saya hanya ingin keluar
dari situasi itu.
Oh, dan aku sudah selesai, tidak ada lagi.
Yah, sayangnya, kita
tidak punya burger untuk ditempatkan.
Ya ampun, dia benar!
Meludahkannya, meludahkannya.
Ini sepotong kecil.
Jangan lakukan itu!
Hanya sepotong kecil.
Perlu mewakili sesuatu.
Tyler, berhenti.
Tidak, saya lupa.
Itu saya.
Aku mengerti ...
burger senang dan aku--
Ya, itu McDonald's, 100%.
Itu Happy Meal.
Saya sudah punya tentang
juta dari mereka.
Baiklah, Ty, saya
menghapus penutup mata.
Dan saya ingin mengumumkan
bahwa Anda dan Garrett terikat.
Anda pergi tiga untuk lima.
Tidak buruk!
Barang bagus!
Bagus sekali!
Anda mengganti Wendy
dan In-N-Out.
Mengganti Wendy's, In-N-Out.
BAIK.
Aku merasa seperti ada
tendangan burger lagi.
Tidak, kita perlu salad
raja, kita perlu--
Status raja Salad OT berikutnya.
Kami mendapat yang baru
segmen datang.
Pertunjukan game kecil, sebenarnya.
Game yang ingin kita panggil
Tebak Tamu.
German:
Bam.
Burger ihn!
Leute, zum letzten Burger.
Gib mir das ganze Ding.
Es ist nicht das erste Mal,
dass er das sagt.
Wir wussten, dass das
kommen würde.
OK, los geht's.
Ich will nur aus dieser
Situation heraus.
Oh, und ich bin fertig, nix mehr.
Nun, leider haben wir keinen
Burger zu platzieren.
Oh, meine Güte, er hat Recht!
Spuck es aus, spuck es aus.
Hier ist ein kleines Stück.
Tu das nicht!
Nur ein kleines Stück.
Es muss etwas darstellen.
Tyler, hör auf.
Nein, habe ich vergessen.
Das war meine Schuld.
Ich war-- Ich war Burger
glücklich und ich--
Ja, das ist McDonald's, 100%.
Das ist ein Happy Meal.
Ich hatte ungefähr
eine Million davon.
In Ordnung, Ty, ich nehme
die Augenbinde ab.
Ich möchte bekanntgeben, es steht
zwischen dir und Garrett unentschieden.
Du hast drei aus fünf geschafft.
Nicht schlecht!
Guter Stoff!
Gut gemacht!
Du hast Wendy's und
In-N-Out vertauscht.
Wendy's und In-N-Out vertauscht.
OK.
Ich fühle mich wieder,
wie auf dem Burger-Kick.
Nein, wir brauchen Salatkönig,
wir brauchen--
Salatkönigstatus als nächstes.
Was als nächstes
kommt ist super.
Sozusagen eine kleine Spielshow.
Ein Spiel, das wir
gerne Rate den Gast.
Russian:
Взрыва.
Бургер его!
Люди, для финального бургера.
Дай мне все это.
Это не первый
раз он сказал это.
Мы знали, что это будет.
ОК, поехали.
Я просто хочу выйти
этой ситуации.
О, и я сделал, не более.
Ну, к сожалению, мы
нет бургера, чтобы разместить.
О, черт возьми, он прав!
Выплюни, выплюни.
Вот маленький кусочек.
Не делай этого!
Просто маленький кусочек.
Это должно представлять что-то.
Тайлер, остановись.
Нет я забыл
Это на мне.
Я получил ... Я получил
бургер счастлив, и я ...
Да, это Макдональдс, 100%.
Это счастливая еда.
У меня было около
миллион из них.
Хорошо, Тай, я
сняв повязку
И я хотел бы объявить
что вы и Гарретт оба связаны.
Вы пошли три на пять.
Неплохо!
Хорошая вещь!
Красиво сделано!
Вы переключили Венди
и In-N-Out.
Переключил Венди, In-N-Out.
ХОРОШО.
Я чувствую, что я на
бургер снова.
Нет, нам нужен салат
король, нам нужно ...
Салат король статус следующий OT.
Мы получили отличный новый
сегмент идет вверх.
Небольшое игровое шоу, на самом деле.
Игра, которую мы любим называть
Угадай Гость.
English:
Here's how it's going to work.
Cody has 20 questions to
guess the mystery guest.
So easy.
OK.
He's got two lifelines.
Cody is going to be on
one side of the wall,
the guest will be on the other.
So they cannot see each other.
You guys ready?
Let's dive in.
Good to be here.
I think I want to go with
a nice little handshake.
OK, nice.
You're trying to play it dainty.
Man, this is
exciting, all right.
So I guess I just
start asking questions.
All right, Guest.
Are you a female?
OK, it's a dude.
We just eliminated half
the world's population.
All right, Guest.
Are you a professional
sports player?
No?
Wow!
That's-- That's good.
I will say, that did not
eliminate that many people.
Indonesian:
Begini cara kerjanya.
Cody memiliki 20 pertanyaan
tebak tamu misterius itu.
Begitu mudah.
BAIK.
Dia punya dua jalur kehidupan.
Cody akan aktif
satu sisi dinding,
tamu akan di sisi lain.
Jadi mereka tidak bisa melihat satu sama lain.
Kalian sudah siap?
Mari selami.
Senang berada di sini.
Saya pikir saya ingin pergi dengan
jabat tangan kecil yang menyenangkan.
OK bagus.
Anda mencoba memainkannya dengan halus.
Bung, ini dia
mengasyikkan, oke.
Jadi saya kira saya hanya
mulai mengajukan pertanyaan.
Baiklah, Pengunjung.
Apakah kamu perempuan?
OK, itu bung.
Kami baru saja menghilangkan setengahnya
populasi dunia.
Baiklah, Pengunjung.
Apakah Anda seorang profesional?
pemain Olah Raga?
Tidak?
Wow!
Itu bagus.
Saya akan mengatakan, itu tidak
melenyapkan banyak orang.
Russian:
Вот как это будет работать.
У Коди 20 вопросов к
угадай тайного гостя.
Так просто.
ХОРОШО.
У него две линии жизни.
Коди будет на
одна сторона стены,
гость будет на другом.
Поэтому они не могут видеть друг друга.
Вы, ребята, готовы?
Давайте погрузимся в.
Хорошо быть здесь.
Я думаю, что я хочу пойти с
милое рукопожатие
Хорошо хорошо
Ты пытаешься играть в нее изящно.
Человек это
захватывающе, все в порядке.
Я думаю, я просто
начать задавать вопросы.
Хорошо, Гость.
Ты женщина?
ОК, чувак.
Мы только что устранили половину
население мира.
Хорошо, Гость.
Вы профессионал?
спортивный игрок?
Нет?
Вот Это Да!
Это ... Это хорошо.
Я скажу, что не
устранить это много людей.
German:
So wird es ablaufen.
Cody hat 20 Fragen, um den
mysteriösen Gast zu erraten.
So einfach.
OK.
Er hat zwei Rettungsleinen.
Cody wird auf der einen
Seite der Wand sein,
der Gast auf der anderen.
Sie können sich also nicht sehen.
Seid ihr bereit?
Lasst uns starten.
Schön, hier zu sein.
Ich denke, ich mach mal einen
schönen kleinen Händedruck.
OK, schön.
Du versuchst, zierlich zu spielen.
Mann, das ist aufregend, okay.
Also ich schätze, ich fange
einfach mal an Fragen zu stellen.
In Ordnung, Gast.
Bist du eine Frau?
OK, es ist ein Kerl.
Wir haben gerade die Hälfte
der Weltbevölkerung eliminiert.
In Ordnung, Gast.
Bist du ein Profiportler?
Nein?
Wow!
Das ist-- Das ist gut.
Ich möchte sagen, es hat nicht
so viele Menschen eliminiert.
Spanish:
German:
Nein, nein, nein, hat es nicht.
Wohnst du in der Stadt
Dallas-Fort Worth?
Oh, OK!
Das macht Spass.
Würdest du dich als A-Listen
Promi einschätzen?
Okay.
Nein, es ist kein schlechter Deal.
Das sind etwa 20 Leute, okay?
Was ist die Liste
der A-Listen Promis?
OK, warte mal.
Ganz schnell, nur
für die DP-Jungs,
ist es Travis Labheart?
Ist das eine Frage?
Ist das eine deiner Fragen?
Nein, nein, nein, nein, nein.
Ich bin nur--
Ich denke, der Gast muss
den roten Knopf drücken,
denn das war im
Grunde eine Frage.
Nein!
Ich habe nicht--
Du musst sehr vorsichtig
mit den Worten sein,
die aus deinem Mund kommen.
Du kannst nun deine
Rettungsleine aufrufen,
wenn du dich dafür entscheidest.
Ich möchte mir den Schuh ansehen.
Gute Wahl.
Das hier ist gutes Material.
OK, ich höre einen Schuh.
Oh, da ist sie ja.
Du kannst viel über einen
Schuh erfahren, OK?
Wirklich?
Wie riecht es, Cody?
Ehrlich gesagt, wie frische Wäsche.
Los geht's.
Ich gebe den Schuh zurück.
OK, was haben wir hier
gelernt, Codes?
English:
No, no it did not.
Do you reside in the city
of Dallas-Fort Worth?
Oh, OK!
That's exciting.
Would you consider yourself
an A-list celebrity?
All right.
No, it's not a bad deal.
That's like 20 people, OK?
What is the list of A-listers?
OK, hold on.
Real quick, just
for the DP guys,
it's not like Travis
Labheart is it?
Is that a question?
Is that one of your questions?
No, no, no, no, no.
I'm just--
I think the guest needs
to hit the red button,
because that was
essentially a question.
No!
I didn't--
You've got to be very
careful with the words that
come out of your mouth.
So you can now
invoke a lifeline,
if you choose to do so.
I would like to view the shoe.
Good choice.
That's good stuff right there.
OK, I hear a shoe.
Oh, there she is.
You can learn a lot
about a shoe, OK?
Really?
How does it smell, Cody?
Honestly, like fresh laundry.
Here we go.
Returning the shoe.
OK, what did we
learn there, Codes?
Indonesian:
Tidak, tidak.
Apakah Anda tinggal di kota
dari Dallas-Fort Worth?
Oh oke!
Itu menyenangkan.
Apakah Anda menganggap diri Anda sendiri
seorang selebriti A-list?
Baiklah.
Tidak, ini bukan transaksi buruk.
Itu seperti 20 orang, oke?
Apa daftar A-listers?
Baiklah, tunggu sebentar.
Sangat cepat, adil
untuk orang-orang DP,
tidak seperti Travis
Labheart kan?
Apakah itu sebuah pertanyaan?
Apakah itu salah satu pertanyaan Anda?
Tidak, tidak, tidak, tidak, tidak.
Aku hanya--
Saya pikir kebutuhan tamu
untuk menekan tombol merah,
karena itu tadi
pada dasarnya pertanyaan.
Tidak!
Saya tidak--
Anda harus sangat
hati-hati dengan kata-kata itu
keluar dari mulutmu.
Jadi kamu bisa sekarang
meminta garis hidup,
jika Anda memilih untuk melakukannya.
Saya ingin melihat sepatu.
Pilihan bagus.
Itu bagus di sana.
OK, saya mendengar sepatu.
Oh, ini dia.
Anda bisa belajar banyak
tentang sepatu, oke?
Sangat?
Bagaimana baunya, Cody?
Jujur, seperti cucian segar.
Kita mulai.
Mengembalikan sepatu.
OK, apa yang kita lakukan
belajar di sana, Kode?
Spanish:
Russian:
Нет, нет, это не так.
Вы проживаете в городе
Даллас-Форт-Уэрт?
О, хорошо!
Это захватывающе.
Считаете ли вы себя
знаменитость?
Отлично.
Нет, это не плохая сделка.
Это как 20 человек, хорошо?
Что такое список A-списков?
Хорошо, подожди.
Очень быстро, просто
для ДП, ребята,
это не как Трэвис
Labheart это?
Это вопрос?
Это один из твоих вопросов?
Нет-нет-нет-нет-нет.
Я просто--
Я думаю, что гость нуждается
нажать на красную кнопку,
потому что это было
по сути вопрос.
Нет!
Я не ...
Вы должны быть очень
осторожнее со словами, которые
выходи изо рта.
Так что теперь вы можете
вызвать спасательный круг,
если вы решите это сделать.
Я хотел бы посмотреть обувь.
Хороший выбор.
Это хорошие вещи прямо там.
Хорошо, я слышу обувь.
О, вот и она.
Вы можете многому научиться
о обуви, хорошо?
В самом деле?
Как это пахнет, Коди?
Честно говоря, люблю свежее белье.
Вот так.
Вернуть обувь.
Хорошо, что мы сделали
там учиться, коды?
English:
That was so helpful.
Were you at any one point in
your life a professional sports
player?
OK, that was big.
Were you a Texas Ranger?
Too bad.
He's lost.
Guest, did you play
professional basketball?
Professional football?
Oh, my gosh.
Were you a Dallas star at
any point in your career?
Oh my gosh.
It's over, folks.
And we have successfully
blown through 10 questions
that tell us absolutely
nothing about our guest.
And Cody, I'd like
to remind you there
is one more lifeline remaining.
Folks, I don't know
where the button is
to say I want a lifeline,
but I want to push it.
Cody has chosen to invoke
the feel the face lifeline.
The guest will stand up, place
their face in the latex circle.
German:
Das war so hilfreich.
Warst du irgendwann
in deinem Leben ein
Profi Sportler?
OK, das war groß.
Warst du ein Texas Ranger?
Zu schade.
Er ist verwirrt.
Gast, hast du Profi
Basketball gespielt?
Profi Football?
Oh, meine Güte.
Warst du zu irgendeinem Zeitpunkt
in deiner Karriere ein Dallas-Star?
Oh, meine Güte.
Es ist vorbei, Leute.
Und wir haben 10 Fragen
erfolgreich durchgespielt,
die uns absolut nichts
über unseren Gast sagen.
Und Cody, ich möchte
dich daran erinnern,
dass noch eine weitere
Rettungsleine übrig ist.
Leute, ich weiß nicht,
wo der Knopf für die
Rettungsleine ist, aber
ich will ihn drücken.
Cody hat sich für die "Fühle das
Gesicht"-Rettungsleine entschieden.
Der Gast steht auf, legt sein
Gesicht in den Latexkreis.
Russian:
Это было так полезно.
Были ли вы в любой точке
ваша жизнь профессиональный спорт
игрок?
ОК, это было здорово.
Вы были техасским рейнджером?
Очень плохо.
Он потерян.
Гость, ты играл
профессиональный баскетбол?
Профессиональный футбол?
О, черт возьми.
Вы были звездой Далласа в
какой-нибудь момент в твоей карьере?
О, черт возьми.
Все кончено, ребята.
И мы успешно
продумано 10 вопросов
которые говорят нам абсолютно
ничего о нашем госте.
И Коди, я бы хотел
чтобы напомнить вам там
остался еще один спасательный круг.
Люди, я не знаю
где кнопка
сказать, что я хочу спасательный круг,
но я хочу подтолкнуть его.
Коди решил призвать
чувствовать лицо спасательный круг.
Гость встанет, место
их лицо в латексном круге.
Spanish:
Indonesian:
Itu sangat membantu.
Apakah Anda pada satu titik masuk
hidup Anda olahraga profesional
pemain?
Oke, itu besar.
Apakah Anda seorang Texas Ranger?
Sangat buruk.
Dia tersesat.
Tamu, apakah Anda bermain
basket profesional?
Sepak bola profesional?
Ya ampun.
Apakah Anda bintang Dallas di?
Adakah titik dalam karir Anda?
Ya ampun.
Ini sudah berakhir, teman-teman.
Dan kami telah berhasil
ditiup melalui 10 pertanyaan
itu benar-benar memberitahu kita
tidak ada tentang tamu kami.
Dan Cody, aku suka
untuk mengingatkan kamu di sana
adalah satu lagi garis hidup yang tersisa.
Teman-teman, saya tidak tahu
dimana kancingnya
untuk mengatakan saya ingin garis hidup,
tapi saya ingin mendorongnya.
Cody memilih untuk memohon
merasakan garis hidup wajah.
Tamu akan berdiri, tempat
wajah mereka di lingkaran lateks.
German:
Cody hat ca. 10 Sekunden Zeit,
um das Gesicht abzutasten.
Der Timer startet jetzt.
Nun, das ist ein gutes Gesicht.
Anständige Stirn, guter Haaransatz.
Gute Augenbrauen.
OK!
In Ordnung, schön.
Auf einer Skala von 1 bis 10,
wie viel hat dir das gebracht?
Ungefähr so viel wie der Schuh.
Ich wette, er wünscht sich, wir
könnten nochmal anfangen.
Das war gut.
Oh, das würde ich gerne.
Gast, haben wir uns schon
mal getroffen?
Tolle Frage!
Gut!
Erste gute Frage, die
er bisher gestellt hat!
In Ordnung, ich habe
ihn schonmal getroffen.
Folge ich dir auf Instagram?
Soll ich das bestätigen?
Ich dachte-- falls ich ihn in meinem
Newsfeed gesehen habe, hilft das.
Cody, wir werden das überprüfen.
OK, ich möchte nur wissen,
ob ich die Person in meinem
Newsfeed sehe.
Nein?
Ich folge ihm nicht.
Das ist-- Tut mir leid.
Oh wow!
Der Gast hat dazu eindeutig
etwas zu sagen.
Ich entschuldige mich dafür,
dass ich dir nicht folge.
Kannst du dem Gast zusagen, dass
sich das in Zukunft ändern wird?
Ja, absolut!
OK!
Das wurde schnell persönlich.
Indonesian:
Cody akan memiliki sekitar
10 detik untuk merasakan wajah.
Timer mulai sekarang.
Nah, itu wajah yang bagus.
Dahi yang layak, garis rambut yang bagus.
Alis yang bagus.
BAIK!
Baiklah, bagus.
Pada skala 1 hingga 10,
seberapa bermanfaatkah itu?
Hampir sama dengan sepatu.
Saya yakin dia berharap dia
bisa memulai dari awal.
Itu bagus.
Oh, aku ingin sekali.
Tamu, sudahkah
dan aku pernah bertemu sebelumnya?
Pertanyaan bagus!
Baik!
Pertanyaan bagus pertama itu
dia bertanya sejauh ini!
Baiklah, saya sudah bertemu dengannya.
Apakah saya mengikuti Anda di Instagram?
Apakah Anda ingin saya memverifikasi?
Aku hanya-- jika aku melihatnya
umpan berita saya, maka itu membantu.
Cody, kita akan periksa.
OK, saya hanya ingin tahu apakah saya
melihat orang ini dalam berita saya
makan.
Tidak?
Saya tidak mengikuti mereka.
Itu-- saya minta maaf.
Oh wow!
Tamu itu jelas punya
sesuatu untuk dikatakan tentang itu.
Saya minta maaf untuk
tidak mengikuti kamu.
Bisakah Anda berkomitmen untuk tamu itu
yang akan berubah setelah ini?
Ya, tentu saja!
BAIK!
Ini cepat pribadi.
Russian:
Коди будет примерно
10 секунд, чтобы почувствовать лицо.
Таймер запускается сейчас.
Ну, это хорошее лицо.
Приличный лоб, хорошая линия волос.
Хорошие брови.
ХОРОШО!
Хорошо, хорошо.
По шкале от 1 до 10,
Насколько это было полезно?
Примерно так же, как обувь.
Могу поспорить, он хочет, чтобы он
может начаться заново.
Это было хорошо.
О, я бы с удовольствием.
Гость, ты
а я встречался раньше?
Отличный вопрос!
Хорошо!
Первый хороший вопрос, который
он спросил до сих пор!
Хорошо, я встретил его.
Я следую за тобой в Instagram?
Вы хотите, чтобы я проверил?
Я просто ... если бы я видел его в
моя новостная лента, тогда это помогает.
Коди, мы собираемся проверить.
Хорошо, я просто хочу знать, если я
видя этого человека в моих новостях
кормить.
Нет?
Я не следую за ними.
Это ... Я прошу прощения.
Ух ты!
Гость явно имеет
что-то сказать об этом.
прошу прощения за
не следит за тобой.
Можете ли вы поручить гостю, что
что изменится после этого?
Да, конечно!
ХОРОШО!
Это быстро стало личным.
Spanish:
English:
Cody will have approximately
10 seconds to feel the face.
Timer starts now.
Well, that's a good face.
Decent forehead, good hairline.
Good brows.
OK!
All right, nice.
On a scale of 1 to 10,
how beneficial was that?
About the same as the shoe.
I bet he wishes he
could start over.
That was good.
Oh, I'd love to.
Guest, have you
and I met before?
Great question!
Good!
First good question that
he has asked so far!
All right, I've met him.
Do I follow you on Instagram?
Do you want me to verify?
I just-- if I've seen him in
my news feed, then that helps.
Cody, we're going to check.
OK, I just want to know if I'm
seeing this person in my news
feed.
No?
I do not follow them.
That's-- I apologize.
Oh wow!
The guest clearly has
something to say about that.
I apologize for
not following you.
Can you commit to the guest that
that will change after this?
Yes, absolutely!
OK!
This got personal quick.
Spanish:
English:
Have you ever played pickup
basketball at the office?
OK.
Whoa!
And all of a sudden--
The room got smaller!
It feels attainable.
Guest, did you play
professional Frisbee?
Wow.
That's got to narrow it
down at least somewhat.
I think, folks, I am
ready to guess the guest.
Cody, what is your
official guess?
Is our guest Brodie Smith 21?
I'm going to follow
you back on Instagram!
Some of your questions
were not great.
No, they were horrible.
Special thanks to our
guest, Brodie Smith.
If by chance, like Cody,
you don't follow Brodie,
make sure you do on all
of his social platforms.
The info is in the
description below.
You took the long way
around, but in the end
he did get there.
OK.
German:
Hast du schon mal Pickup-
Basketball im Büro gespielt?
OK.
Whoa!
Und plötzlich--
Wurde der Raum kleiner!
Es fühlt sich erreichbar an.
Gast, hast du professionell
Frisbee gespielt?
Wow.
Das wird es zumindest
etwas eingrenzen.
Ich denke, Leute, ich bin
bereit, den Gast zu erraten.
Cody, was ist dein
offizieller Tip?
Ist unser Gast Brodie Smith 21?
Ich werde dir auf Instagram
zurück folgen!
Einige deiner Fragen
waren nicht so toll.
Nein, sie waren schrecklich.
Besonderen Dank an unseren
Gast, Brodie Smith.
Wenn du, wie Cody,
Brodie nicht folgst,
stelle sicher, dass du es auf allen
seinen sozialen Plattformen tust.
Die Informationen findet ihr
in der Beschreibung unten.
Du hast den langen Weg
zurückgelegt, aber am Ende
ist er angekommen.
OK.
Indonesian:
Apakah Anda pernah memainkan pickup
bola basket di kantor?
BAIK.
Wah!
Dan tiba-tiba--
Kamar menjadi lebih kecil!
Rasanya dapat dicapai.
Tamu, apakah Anda bermain
Frisbee profesional?
Wow.
Itu harus mempersempitnya
turun setidaknya agak.
Saya pikir, teman-teman
siap menebak tamu.
Cody, apa milikmu
tebakan resmi?
Apakah tamu kami Brodie Smith 21?
Saya akan mengikuti
Anda kembali di Instagram!
Beberapa pertanyaan Anda
tidak bagus.
Tidak, mereka mengerikan.
Terima kasih khusus untuk kami
tamu, Brodie Smith.
Jika kebetulan, seperti Cody,
Anda tidak mengikuti Brodie,
pastikan Anda melakukan semuanya
platform sosialnya.
Info ada di
uraian di bawah ini.
Anda mengambil jalan panjang
sekitar, tetapi pada akhirnya
dia sampai di sana.
BAIK.
Russian:
Вы когда-нибудь играли в пикап
баскетбол в офисе?
ХОРОШО.
Вау!
И вдруг ...
Комната стала меньше!
Это кажется достижимым.
Гость, ты играл
профессиональный фрисби?
Вот это да.
Это должно сузить
вниз, по крайней мере, немного.
Я думаю, ребята, я
готов угадать гость.
Коди, каков твой
официальное предположение?
Наш гость Броди Смит 21?
Я собираюсь следовать
Вы вернулись в Instagram!
Некоторые из ваших вопросов
были не велики.
Нет, они были ужасны.
Отдельное спасибо нашим
Гость, Броди Смит.
Если случайно, как Коди,
ты не следуешь за Броди,
убедитесь, что вы делаете на всех
его социальных платформ.
Информация находится в
описание ниже.
Вы прошли долгий путь
вокруг, но в конце
он туда попал.
ХОРОШО.
Russian:
Если честно, Фрисби,
профессиональный спорт?
ХОРОШО.
Еще раз прошу прощения, Броди
и все остальные профессиональные
Фрисби игроки там.
Давайте перейдем к времени почты.
Так что вы, ребята, помните,
единственное правило для Mail Time
что Чад и Тим должны
придумать творческий путь
доставить нашу почту нам.
Пока это было
доставлено на воздушном шаре,
и у нас был почтовый козел.
Чад и Тим, что делать
ребята, вы для нас?
Ни за что!
Подожди, как долго
ты был там наверху?
Время почты, детка!
О, молодец!
Вот Это Да!
Время почты
Отлично сработано.
О да.
О, это больно.
Ух ты!
Посмотри на детали!
Это офис?
Это очень хорошо
представление.
Где мы сейчас?
Мы прямо здесь снимаем ОТ.
Indonesian:
Agar adil, Frisbee,
olahraga profesional?
BAIK.
Sekali lagi, saya minta maaf, Brodie
dan semua profesional lainnya
Pemain Frisbee di luar sana.
Mari kita pergi ke Mail Time.
Jadi kalian mungkin ingat,
satu-satunya aturan untuk Waktu Mail
adalah bahwa Chad dan Tim harus melakukannya
datang dengan cara yang kreatif
untuk mengirimkan surat kepada kami.
Sejauh ini, sudah
dikirim dalam balon,
dan kami punya kambing surat.
Chad dan Tim, apa yang harus dilakukan
kalian punya untuk kita?
Tidak mungkin!
Tunggu sebentar, berapa lama
apakah kamu sudah di atas sana?
Sudah waktunya surat, sayang!
Oh, bagus sekali!
Wow!
Waktu surat.
Sudah selesai dilakukan dengan baik.
Oh ya.
Oh, ini sakit.
Oh wow!
Lihatlah detailnya!
Apakah itu kantor?
Ini sangat bagus
perwakilan.
Di mana kita sekarang?
Kami di sini sedang syuting PL.
English:
To be fair, Frisbee,
professional sport?
OK.
Once again, I apologize, Brodie
and all the other professional
Frisbee players out there.
Let's go to Mail Time.
So you guys may remember,
the only rule for Mail Time
is that Chad and Tim have to
come up with a creative way
to deliver our mail to us.
So far, it's been
delivered in a balloon,
and we had a mail goat.
Chad and Tim, what do
you guys have for us?
No way!
Wait a minute, how long
have you been up there?
It's mail time, baby!
Oh, well done!
Wow!
Mail time.
Well done.
Oh, yeah.
Oh, this is sick.
Oh, wow!
Look at the detail!
Is that the office?
This is a very good
representation.
Where are we right now?
We are right here filming OT.
German:
Um fair zu sein,
Frisbee, Profisport?
OK.
Noch einmal entschuldige ich
mich, Brodie und bei allen
anderen professionellen
Frisbee-Spieler da draußen.
Gehen wir zu Mail Time.
Also, ihr erinnert euch vielleicht,
die einzige Regel für Mail Time ist,
dass Chad und Tim einen
kreativen Weg finden müssen,
um unsere Post an uns zu liefern.
Bisher wurde es in einem
Ballon geliefert, und wir
hatten eine Postziege.
Chad und Tim, was habt
ihr Jungs für uns?
Auf keinen Fall!
Warte eine Minute, wie
lange warst du da oben?
Es ist Postzeit, Baby!
Oh, gut gemacht!
Wow!
Postzeit.
Gut gemacht.
Oh, ja.
Oh, das ist krank.
Oh, wow!
Schau dir das Detail an!
Ist das das Büro?
Das ist eine sehr
gute Darstellung.
Wo sind wir jetzt gerade?
Wir sind genau hier,
um OT zu filmen.
Spanish:
Indonesian:
Dari siapa ini?
Thomas
Thomas, berteriak besar.
Sudah selesai dilakukan dengan baik.
Apakah kamu
Memakai di sana, Gary?
Kepala keju.
Ya.
Saya cukup yakin itu untuk Cory,
karena dia tidak bisa menjaga
ketika dia terbang ke Wisconsin.
Sebenarnya-- Dipotong seperti kecil
konsekuensi pada roda.
Lihatlah deskripsi saya!
Dia aneh dan lucu.
Kartu remi individual.
Setiap pria memiliki barangnya sendiri.
Memiliki jenggot, memiliki a
banyak pertempuran yang menang.
Cody tinggi, keras, dan
cukup banyak.
Cory sangat sial, karena
dia berada di Wheel Unfortunate
tiga kali.
Tidak, itu salah.
Empat!
Ini dari
Lorenzo, siapa sebenarnya
menggambar panda yang sakit parah.
Itu sah.
Biarkan saya melihat itu.
Seperti meledak keluar
dari api sikat.
Baiklah, kita akan dapatkan
untuk membuka sisa ini
sebentar lagi.
Jika kalian ingin mengirim
beri kami lebih banyak surat penggemar,
alamatnya ada di bawah.
Cody mengatakan, itu
lebih berat, semakin baik.
Saya tidak tahu apa
itu berarti, tapi--
Kalian benar-benar
meningkatkan permainan Anda.
Ini barang bagus.
Barang bagus di sini.
Spanish:
German:
Von wem ist dieser hier?
Thomas.
Thomas, großer Aufruf.
Gut gemacht.
Was hast du denn
da an, Gary?
Käsekopf.
Ja.
Ich bin mir ziemlich sicher,
dass es für Cory war, denn
er konnte seine nicht behalten,
als er nach Wisconsin flog.
Eigentlich - geschnitten wie kleine
Konsequenzen auf dem Rad.
Schau dir die Beschreibung von mir an!
Er ist seltsam und lustig.
Individuelle Spielkarten.
Jeder Typ hat sein eigenes Ding.
Hat einen Bart, hat
viele Kampfsiege.
Cody ist groß, laut, und
das ist so ziemlich alles.
Cory hat großes Pech,
denn ihn hat das
Unglücksrad dreimal erwischt.
Nein, das ist falsch.
Viermal!
Das ist von Lorenzo, der
in der Tat einen ziemlich
krassen Panda gezeichnet hat.
Das ist echt.
Lass mich das mal sehen.
Wie aus einem Buschfeuer
zu explodieren.
Alles klar, nun, wir
werden den Rest
etwas später öffnen.
Wenn ihr uns noch mehr
Fanpost schicken wollt,
findet ihr die Adresse hier unten.
Cody sagt, je schwerer, desto besser.
Ich weiß nicht, was
das bedeutet, aber--
Ihr Jungs treibt euer Spiel
wirklich voran.
Das ist gutes Zeug.
Tolles Zeug hier.
Russian:
От кого это?
Томас.
Томас, большой крик.
Отлично сработано.
Что ты такое
носить там, Гари?
Сырная голова.
Да уж.
Я уверен, что это было для Кори,
потому что он не смог сохранить
его, когда он летел в Висконсин.
Actual-- Cut как маленький
последствия на руле.
Посмотри на описание меня!
Он странный и веселый.
Индивидуальные игральные карты.
У каждого парня своя вещь.
Имеет бороду, имеет
много битв побед.
Коди высокий, громкий и
это довольно много
Кори очень не повезло, потому что
он был на колесе
три раза.
Нет, это неправильно.
Четыре!
Это из
Лоренцо, который на самом деле
нарисовал довольно больную панду.
Это законно.
Позволь мне увидеть это.
Как взрыв
из кисти огня.
Хорошо, хорошо, мы получим
чтобы открыть остальную часть этого
Чуть позже.
Если вы, ребята, хотите отправить
нам еще письмо от фанатов,
адрес будет внизу.
Коди говорит,
тяжелее, тем лучше.
Я не знаю что
это значит, но ...
Вы, ребята, действительно
активизировать свою игру.
Это хорошая вещь.
Отличный материал здесь.
English:
Who's this one from?
Thomas.
Thomas, big shout out.
Well done.
What are you
wearing there, Gary?
Cheese head.
Yeah.
I'm pretty sure it was for Cory,
because he didn't get to keep
his when he flew to Wisconsin.
Actual-- Cut like little
consequences on the wheel.
Look at the description of me!
He is weird and funny.
Individual playing cards.
Each guy has their own thing.
Has a beard, has a
lot of battle wins.
Cody's tall, loud, and
that's pretty much it.
Cory is very unlucky, because
he's been on Wheel Unfortunate
three times.
No, that's incorrect.
Four!
This is from
Lorenzo, who actually
drew a pretty sick panda.
That's legit.
Let me see that.
Like exploding out
of a brush fire.
All right, well, we will get
to opening the rest of this
a little bit later.
If you guys want to send
us some more fan mail,
the address will be down below.
Cody says, the
heavier, the better.
I don't know what
that means, but--
You guys are really
stepping up your game.
This is good stuff.
Great stuff here.
English:
I think now it is
time to head to a lot
of people's favorite
segment, Cool Not Cool.
Yes!
That was my best
attempt to match it.
Feel like that was
actually pretty good.
Garrett will be starting us off.
I love kicking it off, you
know, being a salesman.
Don't really have to sell
this product, though.
Everyone likes a cookie
and a glass of milk.
100%.
Sometimes though, you get the
cookie, you go to your couch,
and you forget the cup of milk.
I hate when that happens.
And you need a robot
dog to go get your milk.
Robot dog!
Yes!
No, I found a way that you'll
never forget your milk ever
again.
Because these are
cookie glasses.
No!
Dang!
I'm going to pass
these out to you guys.
Are you serious?
I'm a whole milk guy, so sorry.
Love the whole milk!
Thank you, Gar.
Enjoy that.
Apart from the fact
that you handled my--
Oh, it is leaking so bad!
Is this tested?
Go!
Go!
Go!
Fill me up.
Hurry and drink it!
I like the shot there.
Indonesian:
Saya pikir sekarang
waktu untuk menuju ke banyak
favorit orang
segmen, Cool Not Cool.
Iya nih!
Itu yang terbaik
mencoba untuk mencocokkannya.
Rasanya seperti itu
sebenarnya cukup bagus.
Garrett akan memulai kita.
Saya suka menendangnya, Anda
tahu, menjadi salesman.
Tidak harus menjual
produk ini.
Semua orang suka kue
dan segelas susu.
100%
Namun terkadang, Anda mendapatkan
cookie, Anda pergi ke sofa Anda,
dan Anda lupa cangkir susu.
Aku benci kalau itu terjadi.
Dan Anda membutuhkan robot
anjing untuk mendapatkan susu Anda.
Anjing robot!
Iya nih!
Tidak, saya menemukan cara yang akan Anda lakukan
jangan pernah lupa susumu
lagi.
Karena ini
gelas kue.
Tidak!
Dang!
Saya akan lulus
ini untuk kalian.
Apakah kamu serius?
Saya seorang pria susu, maaf
Cintai seluruh susu!
Terima kasih, Gar.
Nikmati itu.
Terlepas dari kenyataan
Anda menangani saya--
Oh, bocor sekali!
Apakah ini diuji?
Pergi!
Pergi!
Pergi!
Isi saya.
Cepat dan minum!
Saya suka tembakan di sana.
Spanish:
German:
Ich denke, jetzt ist es Zeit,
zu dem Lieblingsteil
vieler Leute überzugehen,
Cool Not Cool.
Ja!
Ich habe mein Bestes gegeben
um das hinzubekommen.
Ich finde, das war ziemlich gut.
Garrett wird den Anfang machen.
Ich liebe es, anzufangen, weißt
du, der Verkäufer zu sein.
Man muss dieses Produkt
jedoch nicht wirklich verkaufen.
Jeder mag einen Keks
und ein Glas Milch.
100%.
Manchmal nimmt man
aber den Keks, geht auf
die Couch und vergisst
das Glas Milch.
Ich hasse es wenn das passiert.
Dann brauchst du einen
Roboterhund, um die Milch zu holen.
Roboterhund!
Ja!
Nein, ich habe einen Weg
gefunden, damit du deine
Milch nie wieder vergisst.
Weil das Keksgläser sind.
Nein!
Krass!
Ich werde die an
euch verteilen.
Ist das dein Ernst?
Ich bin ein Vollmilch-Typ,
so leid es mir tut.
Ich liebe Vollmilch!
Danke, Gar.
Genießt es.
Abgesehen von der Tatsache,
dass du meinen--
Oh es läuft ganz schlimm aus!
Wurde das getestet?
Los!
Los!
Los!
Kipp es rein.
Beeil dich und trink es!
Wie ein Schnaps, ich mag das.
Russian:
Я думаю, что теперь это
время отправиться на многое
из любимых людей
сегмент, Cool Not Cool.
Да!
Это был мой лучший
попытаться сопоставить это.
Чувствую, что это было
на самом деле довольно хорошо.
Гаррет начнет нас.
Я люблю начинать, ты
знаете, будучи продавцом.
На самом деле не надо продавать
этот продукт, хотя
Каждый любит печенье
и стакан молока.
100%.
Хотя иногда вы получаете
печенье, ты идешь на диван,
и вы забыли чашку молока.
Я ненавижу, когда это происходит.
И тебе нужен робот
Собака, чтобы пойти получить молоко.
Робот собака!
Да!
Нет, я нашел способ, которым вы будете
никогда не забывай свое молоко
снова.
Потому что это
бокалы для печенья.
Нет!
Dang!
Я собираюсь пройти
это вам, ребята.
Ты серьезно?
Я парень из цельного молока, очень жаль.
Люблю цельное молоко!
Спасибо, Гар.
Наслаждайся этим.
Помимо факта
что ты справился с моим ...
О, это так плохо!
Это проверено?
Идти!
Идти!
Идти!
Заполнить меня.
Спешите и выпейте это!
Мне нравится выстрел там.
English:
I don't like milk,
so just a little bit.
Oh yeah, I forgot.
Cody, lactose
intolerant right here.
Oh are you that guy?
Do you do that in your family?
I'm going to be honest,
least favorite food liquid
of all time is milk.
But somehow I enjoyed
milk for the first time
because of your invention.
I'm going green.
Thank you, my man.
Garrett, this is
absolutely brilliant!
Cory?
There is nothing in the entire
world I like more than a
warm chocolate chip cookie
and an ice cold glass of milk.
This managed to mess
up both of them.
Oh, wow.
Look at how evil he is
with his eyebrowless face.
I've kind of zoned him out.
All right, boys.
I'll go next.
I need each of you guys to
put on some safety glasses.
I would love to put on glasses!
Give me the ones that
cover my eyebrows.
Cory thought they
covered his eyebrows.
They're the only
ones that don't!
Today the miniature crossbow!
Brought with me this handy
dandy sugar glass bottle.
If I could please
get a drum roll
as I cock back the crossbow.
I'm going to go ahead and
start this off with a--
German:
Ich mag keine Milch,
also nur ein bisschen.
Oh ja, das habe ich vergessen.
Cody, Laktose intolerant hier.
Oh, bist du dieser Typ?
Macht ihr das in deiner Familie?
Ich werde ehrlich sein, das flüssige
Lebensmittel was ich am
wenigsten mag ist Milch.
Aber irgendwie habe ich
Milch zum ersten Mal
dank deiner Erfindung genossen.
Ich nehme grün.
Danke, mein Freund.
Garrett, das ist absolut brillant!
Cory?
Es gibt nichts auf der
ganzen Welt, was ich
lieber mag, als einen warmen
Schokokeks und ein eiskaltes
Glas Milch. Das hier hat es
geschafft, beides zu versauen.
Oh, wow.
Sieh dir an, wie böse er ist mit
seinem augenbrauenlosen Gesicht.
Ich habe ihn ausgeblendet sozusagen.
In Ordnung, Jungs.
Jetzt bin ich dran.
Jeder von euch Jungs, muss nun
eine Schutzbrille aufsetzen.
Ich würde gerne eine Brille aufsetzen!
Gib mir die, die meine
Augenbrauen verdecken.
Cory dachte, die würde seine
Augenbrauen verdecken.
Das ist die Einzige, die es nicht tut!
Heute die Miniatur-Armbrust!
Ich habe diese praktische
Zuckerglasflasche mitgebracht.
Wenn ich bitte einen Trommelwirbel
bekommen könnte, während
ich die Armbrust spanne.
Ich fang jetzt mal mit einem--
Russian:
Я не люблю молоко,
так что чуть чуть.
О да, я забыл.
Коди, лактоза
Непереносимость прямо здесь.
О, ты тот парень?
Вы делаете это в своей семье?
Я буду честен,
наименее любимая пищевая жидкость
всего времени молоко.
Но как-то мне понравилось
молоко впервые
из-за твоего изобретения
Я иду зеленый
Спасибо, мой мужчина.
Гаррет, это
абсолютно блестящий!
Cory?
Там нет ничего во всем
Мир мне нравится больше, чем
теплое шоколадное печенье
и ледяной стакан молока.
Это удалось испортить
до них обоих.
Ух ты.
Посмотри, какой он злой
с безбровым лицом.
Я вроде как его разлучил.
Хорошо, ребята.
Я пойду дальше.
Мне нужно, чтобы каждый из вас
наденьте защитные очки.
Я хотел бы надеть очки!
Дай мне те, которые
прикрыть брови
Кори думал, что они
закрыл брови.
Они единственные
те, которые не делают!
Сегодня миниатюрный арбалет!
Принес мне этот удобный
Денди сахар стеклянная бутылка.
Если бы я мог, пожалуйста
получить барабанную дробь
когда я поднимаю обратно арбалет.
Я собираюсь идти вперед и
начать это с ...
Spanish:
Indonesian:
Saya tidak suka susu,
jadi sedikit saja.
Oh ya, saya lupa.
Cody, laktosa
tidak toleran di sini.
Oh, apakah kamu pria itu?
Apakah Anda melakukan itu di keluarga Anda?
Saya akan jujur,
paling tidak cairan makanan favorit
sepanjang masa adalah susu.
Tapi entah bagaimana aku menikmatinya
susu untuk pertama kalinya
karena penemuanmu.
Saya akan menjadi hijau.
Terima kasih kawan
Garrett, ini
benar-benar brilian!
Cory?
Tidak ada yang secara keseluruhan
dunia yang saya suka lebih dari satu
kue cokelat hangat
dan segelas susu dingin.
Ini berhasil mengacaukan
keduanya.
Oh wow.
Lihatlah betapa jahatnya dia
dengan wajah tanpa alisnya.
Saya sudah semacam zona dia keluar.
Baiklah, nak.
Saya akan pergi berikutnya.
Saya membutuhkan kalian masing-masing
Kenakan kacamata pengaman.
Saya ingin mengenakan kacamata!
Beri aku yang itu
tutupi alisku.
Cory pikir mereka
menutupi alisnya.
Hanya mereka
yang tidak!
Hari ini panah miniatur!
Dibawa dengan saya ini berguna
botol gelas gula mewah.
Jika saya bisa tolong
dapatkan drum roll
ketika saya kembali cockbow panah.
Saya akan pergi ke depan dan
mulai ini dengan--
Spanish:
English:
because you have to have
a better salesman tactic.
I mean, you take forever.
Shoot the thing!
Ladies and gentlemen,
drum roll, please.
Oh!
Wow!
I mean, it did--
Oh, it went clean through.
First one.
That's cool.
That was cool.
I mean, I have
not been impressed
with our miniature items so far.
All right, in keeping with
the theme of breaking things,
you know how it is.
You're sitting there drinking
coffee, and all of a sudden,
you slip, you fall--
Oh!
And your mug breaks.
You slip, you fall,
and you throw your mug?
That wasn't even sugar glass!
We should have had the
glasses on for that!
What you're thinking is,
man that was unfortunate.
I'm thinking Cody has
lost his ever-loving mind!
My solution is going to keep you
from having to go to the store
and buy a new mug.
This right here.
Oh, what's that?
I think it's ready!
A brand new mug!
I just finished 3D printing
a brand new coffee mug.
I have a hunch that I
could go to the store
German:
weil du eine bessere
Verkaufstaktik brauchst.
Ich meine, du brauchst ewig.
Schieß das Ding ab!
Meine Damen und Herren,
Trommelwirbel, bitte.
Oh!
Wow!
Ich meine, ich habe--
Oh, der ist sauber durchgegangen.
Der erste.
Das ist cool.
Das war cool.
Ich war nicht wirklich
beeindruckt von
unseren Miniaturartikeln.
In Ordnung, im Einklang mit
dem Thema, Dinge zu zerstören,
du weisst wie es ist.
Du sitzt da und trinkst Kaffee
und auf einmal,
rutschst du aus, du fällst--
Oh!
Und deine Tasse zerbricht.
Du rutschst aus, fällst und
wirfst deinen Becher?
Das war nicht mal Zuckerglas!
Wir hätten die Brille
hierfür aufsetzen sollen!
Was du denkst, ist,
Mann, so ein Pech.
Ich denke, Cody hat komplett
seinen Verstand verloren!
Mit meiner Idee müsst ihr
nicht in den Laden gehen
und eine neue Tasse kaufen.
Das hier ist es.
Oh, was ist das?
Ich glaube, es ist fertig!
Eine brandneue Tasse!
Ich habe gerade eine brandneue
3D-Kaffeetasse ausgedruckt.
Ich habe die Vermutung, es
geht schneller, in den Laden
Russian:
потому что ты должен иметь
лучшая тактика продавца
Я имею в виду, ты берешь навсегда.
Стреляй!
Дамы и господа,
барабанная дробь, пожалуйста.
Ой!
Вот Это Да!
Я имею в виду, это было ...
О, это прошло чисто.
Первый.
Это круто.
Это было круто.
Я имею в виду, у меня есть
не был впечатлен
с нашими миниатюрными предметами до сих пор.
Хорошо, в соответствии с
тема ломать вещи,
Вы знаете, как это бывает.
Ты сидишь там пьешь
кофе, и вдруг,
ты скользишь, падаешь ...
Ой!
И твоя кружка ломается.
Вы скользите, вы падаете,
а ты кидаешь свою кружку?
Это было даже не сахарное стекло!
Мы должны были
очки для этого!
Что ты думаешь,
Человек, который был неудачным.
Я думаю, что у Коди
потерял свой вечно любящий разум!
Мое решение будет держать вас
от необходимости идти в магазин
и купить новую кружку.
Это прямо здесь.
Ах, что это?
Я думаю, что это готово!
Совершенно новая кружка!
Я только что закончил 3D печать
новая кофейная кружка.
У меня есть предчувствие, что я
мог пойти в магазин
Indonesian:
karena kamu harus punya
taktik salesman yang lebih baik.
Maksudku, kamu mengambil selamanya.
Tembak benda itu!
Wanita dan pria,
drum roll, tolong.
Oh!
Wow!
Maksudku, itu--
Oh, sudah bersih.
Pertama.
Itu keren.
Itu keren.
Maksudku, sudah
tidak terkesan
dengan barang mini kami sejauh ini.
Baiklah, sesuai dengan
tema melanggar hal-hal,
kamu tahu bagaimana itu.
Anda sedang duduk di sana minum
kopi, dan tiba-tiba,
Anda terpeleset, Anda jatuh--
Oh!
Dan mugmu pecah.
Anda terpeleset, Anda jatuh,
dan Anda melempar gelas Anda?
Itu bahkan bukan gelas gula!
Kita seharusnya punya
kacamata untuk itu!
Apa yang Anda pikirkan adalah,
pria yang malang.
Saya pikir Cody punya
kehilangan pikirannya yang selalu mencintai!
Solusi saya akan menjaga Anda
karena harus pergi ke toko
dan beli cangkir baru.
Ini di sini.
Oh apa itu?
Saya pikir sudah siap!
Mug baru!
Saya baru saja selesai mencetak 3D
cangkir kopi baru.
Saya punya firasat bahwa saya
bisa pergi ke toko
German:
zu gehen und eine neue zu kaufen,
als eine in 3D zu drucken.
Tyler, nimm eine Flöte.
Oh
Nein.
Garrett, sieh dir das Timing an!
Ein funktionierender
Schraubenschlüssel.
Das ist ziemlich cool.
Ich habe Frösche.
Das ist unglaublich!
Das Detail an diesem Frosch.
Das ist beeindruckend.
Das ist es wirklich.
Und nun zum Test.
Lasst uns sehen, ob
ich cool bin oder nicht.
Tyler, bitte rutsche
aus und falle hin.
Ist nicht kaputt gegangen!
Ich sage es dir.
Das ist gut.
Gibt es nicht!
Ja, ja, ja.
Du bekommst ein grün
von mir, Codes.
Gut gemacht.
Das fühlt sich so gut an.
Ich denke ich werde diese
hier für den Rest von
Cool Not Cool tragen.
Wenn das für euch ok ist.
Bin gleich wieder da.
Oh!
Teil eins meines Artikels für heute.
Und ohne weiteres, kann ich
einen Whirlpool bekommen?
OK!
OK! Ein tragbarer, selbstheizender
Whirlpool für sechs Personen.
Ich bin mir nicht sicher, ob fünf
von uns da reinpassen würden.
Russian:
и купи один быстрее чем он
может 3D печать в секунду.
Тайлер, есть флейта.
Нет.
Путь.
Гаррет, посмотри на время!
Рабочий гаечный ключ.
Это довольно мило.
У меня есть лягушки.
Это невероятно!
Деталь на этой лягушке.
Это поразительно.
Это действительно так.
А теперь для теста.
И посмотрим, круто я или нет.
Тайлер, пожалуйста, поскользнись и упади.
Не сломался!
Я говорю вам.
Хорошо.
Ни за что!
Да да да
Вы получили зеленый от меня, коды.
Отлично сработано.
Оно кажется таким приятным!
Я собираюсь носить это, я
думаю, остальная часть Cool
Не круто.
Если вы, ребята, хорошо с этим.
BRB.
Ой!
Первая часть моего предмета на сегодня.
И без лишних слов,
можно получить горячую ванну?
ХОРОШО!
Самонагревание для шести человек
портативный джакузи.
Я не уверен, что пять из
мы могли бы вписаться туда.
English:
and buy one faster than he
could 3D print a second.
Tyler, have a flute.
No.
Way.
Garrett, look at the timing!
A working wrench.
That's pretty sweet.
I've got frogs.
That's incredible!
The detail on this frog.
That's impressive.
That really is.
And now, for the test.
And see if I'm Cool or Not Cool.
Tyler, please slip and fall.
Didn't break!
I'm telling you.
It's good.
No way!
Yes, yes, yes.
You got a green from me, Codes.
Well done.
It feels so good!
I'm going to wear these, I
think, the remainder of Cool
Not Cool.
If you guys are good with that.
BRB.
Oh!
Part one of my item for the day.
And without further ado,
can I get a hot tub?
OK!
Six-person self-heating
portable hot tub.
I'm not sure five of
us could fit in there.
Spanish:
Indonesian:
dan beli satu lebih cepat dari dia
bisa 3D mencetak satu detik.
Tyler, seruling.
Tidak.
Cara.
Garrett, lihat waktunya!
Kunci pas yang bekerja.
Itu manis sekali.
Saya punya katak.
Itu luar biasa!
Detail tentang katak ini.
Itu mengesankan.
Itu benar.
Dan sekarang, untuk ujian.
Dan lihat apakah saya keren atau tidak keren.
Tyler, silakan terpeleset dan jatuh.
Tidak rusak!
Aku beritahu padamu.
Ini baik.
Tidak mungkin!
Ya ya ya.
Anda mendapat hijau dari saya, Codes.
Sudah selesai dilakukan dengan baik.
Rasanya sangat enak!
Saya akan memakai ini, saya
pikir, sisa dari Cool
Tidak keren.
Jika kalian baik-baik saja dengan itu.
BRB.
Oh!
Bagian satu dari barang saya untuk hari itu.
Dan tanpa basa-basi lagi,
Bisakah saya mendapatkan bak mandi air panas?
BAIK!
Enam orang pemanasan sendiri
bak mandi air panas portabel.
Saya tidak yakin lima
kita bisa muat di sana.
Russian:
Возможно три.
Я люблю горячие ванны.
Но я не люблю Кори
без бровей.
Прости, чувак.
Я просто не могу относиться к тебе серьезно.
Мне тяжело
преодоление бюджетного вопроса.
Я думал, что там
были правила в этой компании,
и они ушли
полностью в окно.
Я имею в виду, что вы хотите
мне принести в следующий раз?
Личный самолет?
Нет
На данный момент это
строго связанные с бровями.
Держись, держись.
Я потратил кучу
собственные деньги на это.
Нет!
Хорошо я буду
дать тебе один классный.
Сочувствие зеленое.
Я думаю это хорошо
время мне идти.
Допустим, вы катаетесь на лыжах.
Холодно
На улице 20 градусов.
Какая первая часть твоего
тело, которое чувствует себя так холодно?
Gar?
Мои пальцы.
ХОРОШО.
Cor?
Брови.
Глаза.
Плохой пример, плохой пример.
Cobes.
Мои пальцы рук и ног.
Ну я просто подумала
из всех нас,
Я бы получил
ответ, который я искал.
И я мог бы просто
играл прямо с этого
и вытащил мой ...
Нос!
Boom!
Вот Это Да!
Мой нос.
Это определенно все еще мои пальцы.
Позвольте мне передать это вам, ребята, хорошо?
Вы там, вы получили свой
боги, у тебя грелка на шее,
Spanish:
English:
Maybe three.
I like hot tubs.
But I don't like Cory
without eyebrows.
I'm sorry, dude.
I just can't take you seriously.
I'm having a hard time
overcoming the budget issue.
I mean, I thought there
were rules in this company,
and they have gone
completely out the window.
I mean, what you want
me to bring next time?
A personal jet?
Uh, no.
At this point, it's
strictly eyebrow-related.
Hold on, hold on.
I spent a ton of my
own money on this.
No!
All right, I'll
give you one cool.
A sympathy green.
I think it's a good
time for me to go.
Let's say you're out skiing.
It's chilly.
It's 20 degrees outside.
What's the first part of your
body that feels that cold?
Gar?
My toes.
OK.
Cor?
Eyebrows.
Eyes.
Bad example, bad example.
Cobes.
My fingers and toes.
Well, I just thought
out of all of us,
I would've got the
answer I was looking for.
And I could have just
played right off that
and brought out my--
Nose!
Boom!
Wow!
My nose.
It's definitely still my toes.
Let me pitch it to you guys, OK?
You're out there, you got your
gogs, you got your neck warmer,
German:
Vielleicht drei.
Ich mag Whirlpools.
Aber ich mag Cory nicht
ohne Augenbrauen.
Es tut mir leid, Alter.
Ich kann dich einfach
nicht ernst nehmen.
Es fällt mir schwer, über die
Budgetproblematik wegzukommen.
Ich meine, ich dachte, es gäbe
Regeln bei dieser Firma,
aber die haben sich
in Luft aufgelöst.
Ich meine, was soll ich das
nächste Mal mitbringen?
Ein Privatjet?
Äh, nein.
An diesem Punkt ist es rein
augenbrauenbezogen.
Warte mal, warte mal.
Ich habe einen Haufen von meinem
eigenen Geld dafür ausgegeben.
Nein!
Alles klar, ich gebe dir ein "Cool".
Mitleidsgrün.
Ich denke, das ist Zeitpunkt
für mich zu gehen.
Angenommen, du bist beim Skifahren.
Es ist kühl.
Es sind 20 Grad Fahrenheit draußen.
Was ist der erste Teil deines Körpers,
der sich so kalt anfühlt?
Gar?
Meine Zehen.
OK.
Cor?
Augenbrauen.
Augen.
Schlechtes Beispiel, schlechtes Beispiel.
Cobes.
Meine Finger und Zehen.
Nun, ich dachte einer von
uns wird die Antwort
haben, nach der ich
gesucht habe.
Und hätte da einfach
gleich einsteigen
können und meine--
Nase rausholen sollen.
Bam!
Wow!
Meine Nase.
Es sind definitiv immer
noch meine Zehen.
Lasst es mich euch sagen, OK?
Du bist da draußen, du hast
deine Skibrille, du hast deinen
Indonesian:
Mungkin tiga.
Saya suka bak air panas.
Tapi saya tidak suka Cory
tanpa alis.
Maaf, kawan.
Aku tidak bisa menganggapmu serius.
Saya mengalami kesulitan
mengatasi masalah anggaran.
Maksudku, kupikir di sana
ada peraturan di perusahaan ini,
dan mereka telah pergi
sepenuhnya keluar jendela.
Maksud saya, apa yang Anda inginkan
saya untuk membawa waktu berikutnya?
Jet pribadi?
Tidak, tidak.
Pada titik ini, ini
benar-benar terkait alis.
Tunggu sebentar, tunggu sebentar.
Saya menghabiskan satu ton uang saya
punya uang untuk ini.
Tidak!
Baiklah, saya akan
memberimu satu keren.
Hijau simpati.
Saya pikir itu bagus
saatnya bagi saya untuk pergi.
Katakanlah Anda sedang bermain ski.
Dingin sekali.
Di luar 20 derajat.
Apa bagian pertama dari Anda
Tubuh yang terasa sedingin itu?
Gar?
Jari kaki saya.
BAIK.
Kor?
Alis.
Mata
Contoh buruk, contoh buruk.
Tongkol.
Jari tangan dan kaki saya.
Yah, saya hanya berpikir
dari kita semua,
Saya akan punya
jawaban yang saya cari.
Dan saya bisa saja
dimainkan langsung dari itu
dan mengeluarkan my--
Hidung!
Ledakan!
Wow!
Hidung saya.
Pasti masih jari kaki saya.
Izinkan saya menyampaikannya kepada Anda, oke?
Anda di luar sana, Anda punya
gogs, lehermu lebih hangat,
Russian:
твой нос мерзнет
Уже нет.
У вас есть носок.
По сути, так оно и есть.
Это теплее носа.
Ты выглядишь как самый большой манекен.
Это восхитительно!
Очевидно, я начну
нас на голосование
процесс на положительной ноте.
Он экономит компании немного денег.
Я собираюсь пойти круто.
Вот оно
Это было невероятно
щедрый из вас Гарретт.
Ладно, я понял.
Давайте двигаться дальше.
Знаешь что?
Там мы идем.
Вот оно
У нас было достаточно Cool Not Cool.
Я думаю, что пришло время
голова к аутро.
Спасибо за просмотр, ребята.
Если вы еще не
Dude Perfect подписчик,
нажмите здесь, чтобы вы не
пропустить любые новые видео.
Если вы хотите увидеть последний
Сверхурочно, нажмите здесь.
Если вы хотите, чтобы некоторые классные
DP Merch, нажмите здесь.
Подписываюсь сейчас,
где микрофоны фальшивые,
и у нас есть миллионы
осколков фарфора
из кофе Коди
кружка позади нас.
Извините, парни.
Привет, коды.
Я не могу смотреть на это
больше, человек.
И у Кори нет бровей!
Spanish:
Indonesian:
hidungmu membeku.
Tidak lagi.
Anda memiliki kaus kaki hidung.
Itulah dasarnya.
Hidung lebih hangat.
Anda terlihat seperti boneka terbesar.
Itu luar biasa!
Jelas, saya akan mulai
kami pergi pada pemungutan suara
memproses dengan catatan positif.
Dia menghemat uang perusahaan.
Aku akan menjadi keren.
Itu ada.
Itu luar biasa
murah hati Anda, Garrett.
OK aku mengerti.
Mari kita lanjutkan.
Kamu tahu apa?
Itu dia.
Itu ada.
Kami sudah cukup Keren Tidak Keren.
Saya pikir sudah waktunya untuk
menuju ke outro.
Terima kasih sudah menonton, teman.
Jika Anda belum menjadi
Pelanggan Bung Sempurna,
klik di sini sehingga Anda tidak
ketinggalan video baru.
Jika Anda ingin melihat yang terakhir
Lembur, klik di sini.
Jika Anda ingin beberapa yang luar biasa
DP merch, klik di sini.
Keluar sekarang,
di mana mikrofon palsu,
dan kami punya jutaan
pecahan porselen
dari kopi Cody
mug di belakang kami.
Maaf soal itu, nak.
Hei, Kode.
Saya tidak bisa melihatnya
lebih lama, kawan.
Dan Cory tidak punya alis!
German:
Halswärmer, deine Nase friert.
Das ist vorbei.
Du hast einen Nasenstrumpf.
Das ist im Wesentlichen was es ist.
Es ist ein Nasenwärmer.
Du siehst aus wie der
größte Dummkopf.
Das ist unglaublich!
Natürlich werde mit einer
positiven Bemerkung den
Abstimmungsprozess beginnen.
Er spart der Firma etwas Geld.
Ich entscheide mich für Cool.
Da ist es.
Das war unglaublich
großzügig von dir, Garrett.
Okay, verstanden.
Lasst uns weitermachen.
Weißt du was?
So ist es gut.
Da ist es.
Wir hatten genug von Cool Not Cool.
Ich denke, es ist an der Zeit
zum Schluss zu kommen.
Danke fürs Zuschauen, Leute.
Wenn du noch kein Dude
Perfect Abonnent bist
klicke hier, damit du keine
neuen Videos verpasst.
Falls du die letzte Folge Overtime
sehen möchtest klicke hier.
Falls du coole DP Fan Artikel willst,
klicke einfach hier unten.
Ich melde mich erst mal ab,
wo die Mikros falsch sind,
und wir Millionen von
Porzellanscherben
von Codys Kaffeetasse
hinter uns haben.
Tut mir leid, Jungs.
Hey, Codes.
Ich kann mir das nicht länger ansehen, Mann.
Und Cory hat keine Augenbrauen!
English:
your nose is freezing.
Not anymore.
You have a nose sock.
That's essentially what it is.
It's a nose warmer.
You look like the biggest dummy.
That's amazing!
Obviously, I'll start
us off on the voting
process on a positive note.
He saves the company some money.
I'm going to go cool.
There it is.
That was incredibly
generous of you Garrett.
OK, I got it.
Let's move on.
You know what?
There we go.
There it is.
We've had enough Cool Not Cool.
I think it's time to
head to the outro.
Thanks for watching, guys.
If you're not already a
Dude Perfect subscriber,
click down here so you don't
miss out on any new videos.
If you want to see the last
Overtime, click over here.
If you want some awesome
DP merch, click down here.
Signing off for now,
where the mics are fake,
and we've got millions
of shards of porcelain
from Cody's coffee
mug behind us.
Sorry about that, boys.
Hey, Codes.
I can't look at it
any longer, man.
And Cory has no eyebrows!
|
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