Datasets:

patent

/

AIPD_nlp_sbert_dataset

like 0

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the content identified as boilerplate content comprises an anchor block.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the content identified as boilerplate content comprises an anchor block. 6. The system of claim 5 , wherein determining that the selected nodes exhibit the predefined traits that are characteristic of boilerplate content further comprises determining that the selected nodes are associated with a division-type, table-type, or list-type block-level element.

19. A dynamic spine stabilization system comprising: a first anchor adapted to be anchored to a pedicle of a first vertebra, and a second anchor adapted to be anchored to an opposite pedicle of the first vertebra; a third anchor adapted to be anchored to a pedicle of a second vertebra, and a fourth anchor adapted to be anchored to an opposite pedicle of the second vertebra; a first rod connecting between the first anchor and the second anchor; a second rod connecting between the third anchor and the fourth anchor; a deflection rod having a fixed end connected to the first rod and a deflectable end extending substantially parallel to the first rod; a pivotable joint at the deflectable end of the deflection rod; and a third rod connected between the pivotable joint of the deflection rod and the second rod.

19. A dynamic spine stabilization system comprising: a first anchor adapted to be anchored to a pedicle of a first vertebra, and a second anchor adapted to be anchored to an opposite pedicle of the first vertebra; a third anchor adapted to be anchored to a pedicle of a second vertebra, and a fourth anchor adapted to be anchored to an opposite pedicle of the second vertebra; a first rod connecting between the first anchor and the second anchor; a second rod connecting between the third anchor and the fourth anchor; a deflection rod having a fixed end connected to the first rod and a deflectable end extending substantially parallel to the first rod; a pivotable joint at the deflectable end of the deflection rod; and a third rod connected between the pivotable joint of the deflection rod and the second rod. 20. The system of claim 19 , wherein said deflection rod is made of a superelastic material.

1. A computer-network system implemented by an online stationery/card service for a user to personalize and send stationery/cards using a client device, the system comprising: a computer server configured to communicate with a client device and enable a user to personalize and send non-electronic stationery/cards using the client device, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a reminder list displayed on the client device, wherein the reminder list comprises a plurality of reminder entries each identifying an upcoming event associated with one or more contacts of the user stored in a contacts database, wherein the reminder list is organized based on a prioritization scheme with a highest priority event selected within the reminder list, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a recommendation region displayed on the client device, wherein the computer server is configured to populate the recommendation region with one or more recommended stationery/card designs for the highest priority event in the reminder list; and a stationery/card personalization engine configured to receive, from the user, a selection of one of the one or more recommended stationery/card designs in the recommendation region using the client device, to provide the user with a set of personalization options related to the selected stationery/card design, and to generate a personalized stationery/card based on the selected stationery/card design and the user's input.

1. A computer-network system implemented by an online stationery/card service for a user to personalize and send stationery/cards using a client device, the system comprising: a computer server configured to communicate with a client device and enable a user to personalize and send non-electronic stationery/cards using the client device, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a reminder list displayed on the client device, wherein the reminder list comprises a plurality of reminder entries each identifying an upcoming event associated with one or more contacts of the user stored in a contacts database, wherein the reminder list is organized based on a prioritization scheme with a highest priority event selected within the reminder list, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a recommendation region displayed on the client device, wherein the computer server is configured to populate the recommendation region with one or more recommended stationery/card designs for the highest priority event in the reminder list; and a stationery/card personalization engine configured to receive, from the user, a selection of one of the one or more recommended stationery/card designs in the recommendation region using the client device, to provide the user with a set of personalization options related to the selected stationery/card design, and to generate a personalized stationery/card based on the selected stationery/card design and the user's input. 4. The computer-network system as in claim 1 , further comprising: a stationery/card contacts module configured to manage a user's contacts data stored in the contacts database, the contacts data including the relationship data specifying a relationship between the user and one or more of the contacts; and a stationery/card calendar module configured to automatically generate stationery/card calendar events in the user's calendar database based on the contacts data stored within the contacts database, wherein at least some of the calendar events are generated based on the specified relationship between the user and each of the contacts.

23. The system of claim 14 , further comprising instructions to execute on the processor a curve fit routine to the first compilation, the routine to calculate a theoretical function to data of the first compilation and to calculate at least one derivative of the function.

23. The system of claim 14 , further comprising instructions to execute on the processor a curve fit routine to the first compilation, the routine to calculate a theoretical function to data of the first compilation and to calculate at least one derivative of the function. 24. The system of claim 23 , further comprising the relevancy navigator to limit results in the first compilation within a select derivative of the function, and to return data that falls within the selected function derivative.

15. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions operable to cause a programmable processor to: receive a probability of a n-gram identifying a word; determine a number of atomic units in the n-gram; identify a scaling weight depending on the number of atomic units in the n-gram; and apply the scaling weight to the probability of the n-gram identifying a word to determine a scaled probability of the n-gram identifying a word.

15. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a computer-readable medium, comprising instructions operable to cause a programmable processor to: receive a probability of a n-gram identifying a word; determine a number of atomic units in the n-gram; identify a scaling weight depending on the number of atomic units in the n-gram; and apply the scaling weight to the probability of the n-gram identifying a word to determine a scaled probability of the n-gram identifying a word. 19. The computer program product of claim 15 , further comprising instructions operable to cause a programmable processor to: identify lesser order n-grams, the lesser order n-grams being derived from the n-gram; receive probabilities corresponding to each of the lesser order n-grams identifying words; compare the probability of the n-gram identifying a word to the probabilities of combinations of the lesser order n-grams identifying words; and when a probability of a combination of lesser order n-grams identifying a word differs from the probability of the n-gram identifying a word by a specified threshold amount, modify the scaling weight corresponding to the probability of the n-gram identifying a word.

7. A method for optimization of database access in a database network comprising the steps of: (a) providing a database network router: and (b) using said database network router for managing data flow between at least one client and at least one database server in the database network, wherein the step of using said database network router includes: (i) receiving at least one client communication, (ii) sending said at least one client communication to said at least one database server, and (iii) in response to said at least one client communication, receiving at least one database communication and sending said at least one database communication to said at least one client.

7. A method for optimization of database access in a database network comprising the steps of: (a) providing a database network router: and (b) using said database network router for managing data flow between at least one client and at least one database server in the database network, wherein the step of using said database network router includes: (i) receiving at least one client communication, (ii) sending said at least one client communication to said at least one database server, and (iii) in response to said at least one client communication, receiving at least one database communication and sending said at least one database communication to said at least one client. 13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of using said database network router includes: (i) receiving a log-out and disconnect request from a first client that is initially connected to one of said at least one database server by a database connection, and (ii) reporting said log-out to said one database server while leaving said database connection available for a second client.

85. A computer program product, to be used on a computer, for identifying a matching resume for a job description, comprising: a computer readable medium storing: program code for receiving the job description that includes at least one job requirement, each said at least one job requirement comprising a required skill or experience-related phrase and a required term of experience for the required skill or experience-related phrase; program code for storing the job description; program code for receiving at least one resume; program code for parsing each said at least one resume to: locate at least one skill or experience-related phrase in the resume; determine an experience range for each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase by examining a use of each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase in the resume; and compute a term of experience for each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase based on the experience range, wherein the term of experience for each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase is a summation of the term of experience for each occurrence of the phrase associated with a different experience range, wherein said at least one skill or experience-related phrase includes the required skill or experience-related phrase for at least one of said at least one job requirement, wherein each resume summarizes a candidate's career and qualifications, and wherein each resume conveys personal and business-related characteristics that the candidate believes to be relevant to a prospective employer; program code for storing each said at least one resume; program code for computing, for each said at least one resume, a term of experience for the required skill or experience-related phrase for each said at least one job requirement; and program code for determining whether each said at least one resume is the matching resume that satisfies the job description.

85. A computer program product, to be used on a computer, for identifying a matching resume for a job description, comprising: a computer readable medium storing: program code for receiving the job description that includes at least one job requirement, each said at least one job requirement comprising a required skill or experience-related phrase and a required term of experience for the required skill or experience-related phrase; program code for storing the job description; program code for receiving at least one resume; program code for parsing each said at least one resume to: locate at least one skill or experience-related phrase in the resume; determine an experience range for each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase by examining a use of each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase in the resume; and compute a term of experience for each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase based on the experience range, wherein the term of experience for each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase is a summation of the term of experience for each occurrence of the phrase associated with a different experience range, wherein said at least one skill or experience-related phrase includes the required skill or experience-related phrase for at least one of said at least one job requirement, wherein each resume summarizes a candidate's career and qualifications, and wherein each resume conveys personal and business-related characteristics that the candidate believes to be relevant to a prospective employer; program code for storing each said at least one resume; program code for computing, for each said at least one resume, a term of experience for the required skill or experience-related phrase for each said at least one job requirement; and program code for determining whether each said at least one resume is the matching resume that satisfies the job description. 92. The computer program product of claim 85 , wherein the examining of the use of each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase in the resume includes examining a portion of the resume that surrounds each said at least one skill or experience-related phrase for a context.

17. A system for implementing a mixed-signal electronic design using standardized power data, comprising: at least one processor or at least one processor core that is at least to: identify a mixed-signal electronic design; identify, generate, or modify, with an aid of a standardized power format mechanism including or coupled with the at least one processor, standardized power data in a standardized power format with illegal signal in the mixed-signal electronic design by introducing one or more changes to generate updated standardized power data from the standardized power data; implement the mixed-signal electronic design by using the updated standardized power data including the illegal signal for manufacturing of a mixed signal electronic circuit, wherein the illegal signal is not recognized by a standardized power format framework for the standardized power format and comprises at least one of a power control signal or an expression including an incompatible or illegal signal to implement power intent for the mixed-signal electronic design; and one or more non-transitory computer accessible storage media that are to: store the power data and the mixed-signal electronic design.

17. A system for implementing a mixed-signal electronic design using standardized power data, comprising: at least one processor or at least one processor core that is at least to: identify a mixed-signal electronic design; identify, generate, or modify, with an aid of a standardized power format mechanism including or coupled with the at least one processor, standardized power data in a standardized power format with illegal signal in the mixed-signal electronic design by introducing one or more changes to generate updated standardized power data from the standardized power data; implement the mixed-signal electronic design by using the updated standardized power data including the illegal signal for manufacturing of a mixed signal electronic circuit, wherein the illegal signal is not recognized by a standardized power format framework for the standardized power format and comprises at least one of a power control signal or an expression including an incompatible or illegal signal to implement power intent for the mixed-signal electronic design; and one or more non-transitory computer accessible storage media that are to: store the power data and the mixed-signal electronic design. 19. The system of claim 17 , in which the at least one processor or at least one processor core that is to identify, generate, or modify the standardized power data in the standardized power format with the illegal signal in the mixed-signal electronic design is further to: parse at least a part of the standardized power data in the standardized power format including the illegal signal; maintain one or more pertinent elements of the at least a part of the standardized power data in one or more databases; and evaluate the at least a part of the standardized power data.

16. The medium of claim 13 , wherein the operations comprise: identifying the at least part of the first signature and the at least part of the second signature using at least one hashing scheme.

16. The medium of claim 13 , wherein the operations comprise: identifying the at least part of the first signature and the at least part of the second signature using at least one hashing scheme. 18. The medium of claim 16 , wherein the at least one hashing scheme includes a locality-sensitive hashing algorithm.

12. An electronic device, comprising: control circuitry configured to process data items, wherein each of the data items is identified by a multiple-character identifier comprising a series of characters; an output interface configured to output the multiple-character identifiers of the data items for presentation to a user; and a user input interface configured to receive a character sequence having Y characters from the user via a collection of individual characters visible to the user, wherein the character sequence comprises at least one character selection selected from the collection of individual characters, and wherein Y is a number less than the series of characters for at least one data item; wherein the control circuitry is configured to: associate more than one character from the collection of individual characters with each character selected by the user from the collection of individual characters; filter the multiple-character identifiers being presented based on the associated characters corresponding to each character selection by comparing the associated characters of the character sequence to every Y subset of characters within the series of characters of the data items; and present a list of filtered data items to the user, wherein at least one data item of the list includes associated characters of an entirety of the character sequence received from the user as an internal character string of the at least one data item, and wherein the internal character string does not include a first character of the multiple-character identifier of the at least one data item.

12. An electronic device, comprising: control circuitry configured to process data items, wherein each of the data items is identified by a multiple-character identifier comprising a series of characters; an output interface configured to output the multiple-character identifiers of the data items for presentation to a user; and a user input interface configured to receive a character sequence having Y characters from the user via a collection of individual characters visible to the user, wherein the character sequence comprises at least one character selection selected from the collection of individual characters, and wherein Y is a number less than the series of characters for at least one data item; wherein the control circuitry is configured to: associate more than one character from the collection of individual characters with each character selected by the user from the collection of individual characters; filter the multiple-character identifiers being presented based on the associated characters corresponding to each character selection by comparing the associated characters of the character sequence to every Y subset of characters within the series of characters of the data items; and present a list of filtered data items to the user, wherein at least one data item of the list includes associated characters of an entirety of the character sequence received from the user as an internal character string of the at least one data item, and wherein the internal character string does not include a first character of the multiple-character identifier of the at least one data item. 13. The electronic device of claim 12 , wherein: the control circuitry is configured to display the multiple-character identifiers remaining after filtering via the output interface.

2. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to implement a document analysis device for performing a statistical analysis of documents with respect to a facet, wherein the computer readable program causes the computing device to: accept, by an acceptance module executing within the document analysis device, a natural language sentence; extract, by an extraction module executing within the document analysis device, a first facet from the natural language sentence; perform, by a statistical analysis module executing within the document analysis device, a first statistical analysis of a set of documents with respect to the first facet; determine, by the statistical analysis module, a value of the first facet based on a result of the first statistical analysis responsive to information being extracted from the natural language sentence, the information requesting for a second statistical analysis; perform, by the statistical analysis module, the second statistical analysis of the set of documents using the value of the first facet; and present, by a user interface executed by the computing device, a second facet determined based on a result of the second statistical analysis.

2. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to implement a document analysis device for performing a statistical analysis of documents with respect to a facet, wherein the computer readable program causes the computing device to: accept, by an acceptance module executing within the document analysis device, a natural language sentence; extract, by an extraction module executing within the document analysis device, a first facet from the natural language sentence; perform, by a statistical analysis module executing within the document analysis device, a first statistical analysis of a set of documents with respect to the first facet; determine, by the statistical analysis module, a value of the first facet based on a result of the first statistical analysis responsive to information being extracted from the natural language sentence, the information requesting for a second statistical analysis; perform, by the statistical analysis module, the second statistical analysis of the set of documents using the value of the first facet; and present, by a user interface executed by the computing device, a second facet determined based on a result of the second statistical analysis. 8. The computer program product of claim 2 , wherein determining the value of the first facet comprises selecting, by a suggestion module executing within the document analysis device, the value of the first facet from a plurality of values of the first facet.

5. A development system for a web application, comprising: a computing device having a hardware processor configured to operate the web application as a server and to provide a developer interface to a remote client developer device for the web application, the hardware processor further configured to execute: a set of instructions for script generation and modification, adapted to, in a running state of the web application, generate or modify a script code used to perform a predetermined function; a script parser, adapted to parse the generated script code or the modified script code to correspondingly generate an object type which performs a new function, or to modify an object type which performs an existing function; and an object manager, adapted to (i) generate a new function object or to modify an existing function object according to the generated object type which performs the new function or the modified object type which performs the existing function, (ii) assign a unique identifier to each generated or modified object type, and (iii) organize invoking relationships between the new function object and other objects, or invoking relationships between the modified function object and other objects by setting the invoking relationships using the assigned unique identifiers, wherein the web application performs the predetermined function based on the generated new function object or the modified existing function object while remaining in the running state.

5. A development system for a web application, comprising: a computing device having a hardware processor configured to operate the web application as a server and to provide a developer interface to a remote client developer device for the web application, the hardware processor further configured to execute: a set of instructions for script generation and modification, adapted to, in a running state of the web application, generate or modify a script code used to perform a predetermined function; a script parser, adapted to parse the generated script code or the modified script code to correspondingly generate an object type which performs a new function, or to modify an object type which performs an existing function; and an object manager, adapted to (i) generate a new function object or to modify an existing function object according to the generated object type which performs the new function or the modified object type which performs the existing function, (ii) assign a unique identifier to each generated or modified object type, and (iii) organize invoking relationships between the new function object and other objects, or invoking relationships between the modified function object and other objects by setting the invoking relationships using the assigned unique identifiers, wherein the web application performs the predetermined function based on the generated new function object or the modified existing function object while remaining in the running state. 12. The development system according to claim 5 , wherein the object manager communicates with the set of instructions for script generation and modification so as to generate the relationships among objects by using the code generated or modified by the set of instructions for script generation and modification.

1. A method for filtering adjectives from a lexical chain, the method comprising: receiving, at a processor, the lexical chain comprising an adjective, the lexical chain being a component of an input document; calculating a non-characteristic-ness score based on the adjective's usage within the input document according to linguistic tests, the non-characteristic-ness score being a function of at least a frequency of the adjective's usage in the input document and a gradability non-characteristic-ness score for the adjective; testing, by the processor, the adjective to determine if the adjective is at least one of the following: a characteristic adjective and a non-characteristic adjective, wherein testing the adjective comprises comparing the non-characteristic-ness score to a threshold score; removing, by the processor, the adjective from the lexical chain when the non-characteristic-ness score is above the threshold score; and leaving, by the processor, the adjective in the lexical chain when the non-characteristic-ness score is below the threshold score.

1. A method for filtering adjectives from a lexical chain, the method comprising: receiving, at a processor, the lexical chain comprising an adjective, the lexical chain being a component of an input document; calculating a non-characteristic-ness score based on the adjective's usage within the input document according to linguistic tests, the non-characteristic-ness score being a function of at least a frequency of the adjective's usage in the input document and a gradability non-characteristic-ness score for the adjective; testing, by the processor, the adjective to determine if the adjective is at least one of the following: a characteristic adjective and a non-characteristic adjective, wherein testing the adjective comprises comparing the non-characteristic-ness score to a threshold score; removing, by the processor, the adjective from the lexical chain when the non-characteristic-ness score is above the threshold score; and leaving, by the processor, the adjective in the lexical chain when the non-characteristic-ness score is below the threshold score. 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining if the adjective is at least one of the following: the characteristic adjective and non-characteristic adjective comprises determining a nominalization property.

12. A method for frame-by-frame analyzing of an acoustic signal to determine speech characteristics comprising: configuring a processor to: parse the acoustic signal into a plurality of frames; correlate each of the plurality of frames with one or more acoustic property sets to produce a first set of acoustic property correlations and first index; retrieve one or more first speech characteristic samples from one or more speech codebooks based on the first index; and generate a plurality of speech characteristic probabilities for a subsequent frame of the plurality of frames by: individually correlating a digital signal component of the subsequent frame with the one or more acoustical property sets to produce a second set of acoustic property correlations and a second index; addressing the one or more speech codebooks based on the second index to retrieve a second speech characteristic sample; and correlating the digital signal component with the second speech characteristic sample to produce the speech characteristic probability for the subsequent frame; and retrieving and outputting words based on a language probability and a language syntax bias of the plurality of speech characteristic probabilities.

12. A method for frame-by-frame analyzing of an acoustic signal to determine speech characteristics comprising: configuring a processor to: parse the acoustic signal into a plurality of frames; correlate each of the plurality of frames with one or more acoustic property sets to produce a first set of acoustic property correlations and first index; retrieve one or more first speech characteristic samples from one or more speech codebooks based on the first index; and generate a plurality of speech characteristic probabilities for a subsequent frame of the plurality of frames by: individually correlating a digital signal component of the subsequent frame with the one or more acoustical property sets to produce a second set of acoustic property correlations and a second index; addressing the one or more speech codebooks based on the second index to retrieve a second speech characteristic sample; and correlating the digital signal component with the second speech characteristic sample to produce the speech characteristic probability for the subsequent frame; and retrieving and outputting words based on a language probability and a language syntax bias of the plurality of speech characteristic probabilities. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising configuring the processor to: interpret the plurality of speech characteristic probabilities to generate a word bias; select the plurality of words from a series of plurality of words based on the word bias; and output the one or more words through an interface.

9. A system for decoding a text subtitle stream, the system comprising: a text subtitle decoder configured to parse the text subtitle stream downloaded from an external source into first and second segments, the first segment including region style information including at least one region style to be applied to a subtitle region including text data, the second segment including the text data to be displayed in the subtitle region and inline style information including at least one font related style to be applied to the text data, the parsed text data and inline style information being transferred to a different area of a text subtitle decoder than the parsed region style information, and the text subtitle decoder further configured to convert the text data into bitmap data by rendering the text data with the inline style information and region style information under control of a presentation controller; and the presentation controller configured to control a graphic plane where the bitmap data is displayed and configured to control a color look up table where the bitmap data is translated into at least one of color and transparency levels, wherein a text subtitle stream file including the text subtitle stream is separate from a first clip information file including attribute information corresponding to the text subtitle stream file, wherein an AV stream file including an AV stream is separate from a second clip information file including attribute information corresponding to the AV stream file, the text subtitle stream file and the AV stream file have one-to-one correspondence with the first and the second clip information files, respectively, wherein reproduction of the AV stream is managed by a playitem, and reproduction of the text subtitle stream is managed by a subplayitem, wherein the playitem indicates beginning and ending times for reproduction of the AV stream, and the subplayitem indicates beginning and ending times for reproduction of the text subtitle stream, wherein the AV stream file and the text subtitle stream file are separate files.

9. A system for decoding a text subtitle stream, the system comprising: a text subtitle decoder configured to parse the text subtitle stream downloaded from an external source into first and second segments, the first segment including region style information including at least one region style to be applied to a subtitle region including text data, the second segment including the text data to be displayed in the subtitle region and inline style information including at least one font related style to be applied to the text data, the parsed text data and inline style information being transferred to a different area of a text subtitle decoder than the parsed region style information, and the text subtitle decoder further configured to convert the text data into bitmap data by rendering the text data with the inline style information and region style information under control of a presentation controller; and the presentation controller configured to control a graphic plane where the bitmap data is displayed and configured to control a color look up table where the bitmap data is translated into at least one of color and transparency levels, wherein a text subtitle stream file including the text subtitle stream is separate from a first clip information file including attribute information corresponding to the text subtitle stream file, wherein an AV stream file including an AV stream is separate from a second clip information file including attribute information corresponding to the AV stream file, the text subtitle stream file and the AV stream file have one-to-one correspondence with the first and the second clip information files, respectively, wherein reproduction of the AV stream is managed by a playitem, and reproduction of the text subtitle stream is managed by a subplayitem, wherein the playitem indicates beginning and ending times for reproduction of the AV stream, and the subplayitem indicates beginning and ending times for reproduction of the text subtitle stream, wherein the AV stream file and the text subtitle stream file are separate files. 11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the inline style information specifies the specific font-related style by redefining at least one of a font identification (font id), a font style (font style), a font size (font size), and a font color (font color).

20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 19 , wherein when executed the instructions cause the processing system to: retrieve the first template data, wherein the first template data correspond to the first language; populate the first template with the first template data to define a first response in the first language; and communicate the first response to a recipient.

20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 19 , wherein when executed the instructions cause the processing system to: retrieve the first template data, wherein the first template data correspond to the first language; populate the first template with the first template data to define a first response in the first language; and communicate the first response to a recipient. 21. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 20 , wherein when executed the instructions cause the processing system to populate a plurality of different templates each relating to a different query in the multi-threaded process.

10. The server computer system of claim 9 , wherein the memory further stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the server computer system to: derive relevancy scores for at least a subset of the identified second set of search result documents, and select the respective document based on having a high relevancy score.

10. The server computer system of claim 9 , wherein the memory further stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the server computer system to: derive relevancy scores for at least a subset of the identified second set of search result documents, and select the respective document based on having a high relevancy score. 11. The server computer system of claim 10 , wherein the relevancy scores are based, at least in part on weights assigned to the query terms.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions for implementing a method of communicating between a requesting process and a serving process, the computer executable instructions comprising instructions for: processing an unmanaged Internet protocol context call from an Internet application; providing direct access to managed Internet protocol context information in response to the unmanaged Internet protocol context call via an unmanaged Internet protocol context class which corresponds to a managed Internet protocol context class, wherein the unmanaged Internet protocol context call is not native to a system processing the unmanaged Internet protocol context class call, and wherein the unmanaged Internet protocol context class is native to the system processing the unmanaged Internet protocol context class call and wherein the unmanaged Internet protocol context class is natively mapped within the system to a corresponding managed Internet protocol context class native to the system and written in a managed programming language, whereby the mapped unmanaged Internet protocol context class is represented as native within the system to the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class; interacting with the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class, whereby the mapped unmanaged Internet protocol context class is used to communicate directly and natively on the system with the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class; and providing a response to the unmanaged Internet protocol context call based on the managed Internet protocol context information in response to interacting with the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions for implementing a method of communicating between a requesting process and a serving process, the computer executable instructions comprising instructions for: processing an unmanaged Internet protocol context call from an Internet application; providing direct access to managed Internet protocol context information in response to the unmanaged Internet protocol context call via an unmanaged Internet protocol context class which corresponds to a managed Internet protocol context class, wherein the unmanaged Internet protocol context call is not native to a system processing the unmanaged Internet protocol context class call, and wherein the unmanaged Internet protocol context class is native to the system processing the unmanaged Internet protocol context class call and wherein the unmanaged Internet protocol context class is natively mapped within the system to a corresponding managed Internet protocol context class native to the system and written in a managed programming language, whereby the mapped unmanaged Internet protocol context class is represented as native within the system to the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class; interacting with the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class, whereby the mapped unmanaged Internet protocol context class is used to communicate directly and natively on the system with the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class; and providing a response to the unmanaged Internet protocol context call based on the managed Internet protocol context information in response to interacting with the corresponding managed Internet protocol context class. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , wherein providing direct access to managed Internet protocol context information in response to the unmanaged Internet protocol context call via an unmanaged Internet protocol context class comprises using, by the serving process, the unmanaged Internet protocol context class to communicate with a managed dynamic Internet page development tool.

1. A computer system comprising: a memory storing computer readable instructions and data for use with a host user interface associated with a host application, said memory comprising: a definition data file defining an object model corresponding to a secondary user interface associated with a stand-alone gadget, said gadget providing real-time information via the secondary user interface, said secondary user interface being rendered within the host user interface; a script data file containing executable computer code defining actions corresponding to the secondary user interface; a loader component module passing the definition data file to a program parser module and passing the script data file to a script engine; the program parser module performing the steps of: a) creating the object model of the secondary user interface based on the definition data file; b) converting the object model to the secondary user interface for display; and c) passing the object model to the script engine module; a settings module, accessible to the script engine module, for customization of the secondary user interface; the script engine module performing the stops of: a) parsing the script data file; b) creating and executing a script based on the parsing of the script data file, accessible configuration settings, and received object model; and c) configuring the display of the secondary user interface based on the execution of the script.

1. A computer system comprising: a memory storing computer readable instructions and data for use with a host user interface associated with a host application, said memory comprising: a definition data file defining an object model corresponding to a secondary user interface associated with a stand-alone gadget, said gadget providing real-time information via the secondary user interface, said secondary user interface being rendered within the host user interface; a script data file containing executable computer code defining actions corresponding to the secondary user interface; a loader component module passing the definition data file to a program parser module and passing the script data file to a script engine; the program parser module performing the steps of: a) creating the object model of the secondary user interface based on the definition data file; b) converting the object model to the secondary user interface for display; and c) passing the object model to the script engine module; a settings module, accessible to the script engine module, for customization of the secondary user interface; the script engine module performing the stops of: a) parsing the script data file; b) creating and executing a script based on the parsing of the script data file, accessible configuration settings, and received object model; and c) configuring the display of the secondary user interface based on the execution of the script. 12. The system of claim 1 wherein the computer-readable instructions further comprise a pointer file containing a pointer to the definition data file and to the script file.

23. A method for invoking a tapered prompt associated with a multimodal application, the method being implemented on a multimodal device supporting multiple modes of user interaction with the multimodal application, the modes of user interaction including a voice mode and one or more non-voice modes, the method comprising acts of: identifying a first prompt element and a second prompt element of the tapered prompt; identifying a first value of at least one first attribute associated with the first prompt element; rendering a first multimodal prompt associated with the first prompt element in a first style selected from a plurality of styles based at least in part on the first value of the at least one first attribute, the first multimodal prompt comprising a first speech prompt and a first textual prompt, the first style comprising a first speech style for the first speech prompt and a first textual style for the first textual prompt; identifying a second value of at least one second attribute associated with the second prompt element; and rendering a second multimodal prompt associated with the second prompt element in a second style selected from the plurality of styles based at least in part on the second value of the at least one second attribute, the second multimodal prompt comprising a second speech prompt and a second textual prompt, the second style comprising a second speech style for the second speech prompt and a second textual style for the second textual prompt, the second speech style being different from the first speech style, the second textual style being different from the first textual style and being selected to match the second speech style.

23. A method for invoking a tapered prompt associated with a multimodal application, the method being implemented on a multimodal device supporting multiple modes of user interaction with the multimodal application, the modes of user interaction including a voice mode and one or more non-voice modes, the method comprising acts of: identifying a first prompt element and a second prompt element of the tapered prompt; identifying a first value of at least one first attribute associated with the first prompt element; rendering a first multimodal prompt associated with the first prompt element in a first style selected from a plurality of styles based at least in part on the first value of the at least one first attribute, the first multimodal prompt comprising a first speech prompt and a first textual prompt, the first style comprising a first speech style for the first speech prompt and a first textual style for the first textual prompt; identifying a second value of at least one second attribute associated with the second prompt element; and rendering a second multimodal prompt associated with the second prompt element in a second style selected from the plurality of styles based at least in part on the second value of the at least one second attribute, the second multimodal prompt comprising a second speech prompt and a second textual prompt, the second style comprising a second speech style for the second speech prompt and a second textual style for the second textual prompt, the second speech style being different from the first speech style, the second textual style being different from the first textual style and being selected to match the second speech style. 24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the act of rendering the first multimodal prompt comprises: identifying a cascading style sheet based at least in part on the first value of the at least one first attribute; and rendering the first multimodal prompt according to the cascading style sheet.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , further comprising instructions which, when performed by the computer, cause: storing in the data storage device a user profile with information selected from the group consisting of: the user's demographic information, one or more query words the user entered before, one or more results the user clicked on before, and weights for symbol pairs obtained in the user's previous searches.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , further comprising instructions which, when performed by the computer, cause: storing in the data storage device a user profile with information selected from the group consisting of: the user's demographic information, one or more query words the user entered before, one or more results the user clicked on before, and weights for symbol pairs obtained in the user's previous searches. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , further comprising instructions which, when performed by the computer, cause: augmenting the query by information from the user profile.

1. A system for multi-pass speech recognition, comprising: an input device configured to receive a natural language utterance; and a multi-pass speech recognition module configured to transcribe the natural language utterance, wherein to transcribe the natural language utterance, the multi-pass speech recognition module is further configured to: use a dictation grammar to transcribe the natural language utterance in response to a platform associated with the multi-pass speech recognition module having the dictation grammar available; or use a virtual dictation grammar to transcribe the natural language utterance in response to the platform associated with the multi-pass speech recognition module not having the dictation grammar available.

1. A system for multi-pass speech recognition, comprising: an input device configured to receive a natural language utterance; and a multi-pass speech recognition module configured to transcribe the natural language utterance, wherein to transcribe the natural language utterance, the multi-pass speech recognition module is further configured to: use a dictation grammar to transcribe the natural language utterance in response to a platform associated with the multi-pass speech recognition module having the dictation grammar available; or use a virtual dictation grammar to transcribe the natural language utterance in response to the platform associated with the multi-pass speech recognition module not having the dictation grammar available. 2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-pass speech recognition module is further configured to dynamically constrain a vocabulary of words associated with the virtual dictation grammar to include one or more decoy words for out-of-vocabulary words based on one or more prior utterances that were successfully transcribed.

1. A method for a prediction subsystem in a driving assistance system of a vehicle implemented by an electronic control unit, the method comprising the following steps: accepting an environment representation representing at least one entity, wherein the at least one entity comprises at least one of a static or a moving object, or a structural element which is detected by one or more sensors in an environment of the vehicle; applying one or more plausibility rules on the environment representation; calculating a confidence estimate related to the environment representation according to a result of the application of one or more plausibility rules on the environment representation, wherein each plausibility rule comprises a plausible relation between the at least one entity and at least one another entity; and providing the confidence estimate as input for an evaluation of a prediction based on the environment representation, wherein the confidence estimate is an estimate of a degree of influence by the detected entity on the prediction, and wherein the driving assistance system is configured to perform at least one of an active control and passive control of the vehicle based on the prediction.

1. A method for a prediction subsystem in a driving assistance system of a vehicle implemented by an electronic control unit, the method comprising the following steps: accepting an environment representation representing at least one entity, wherein the at least one entity comprises at least one of a static or a moving object, or a structural element which is detected by one or more sensors in an environment of the vehicle; applying one or more plausibility rules on the environment representation; calculating a confidence estimate related to the environment representation according to a result of the application of one or more plausibility rules on the environment representation, wherein each plausibility rule comprises a plausible relation between the at least one entity and at least one another entity; and providing the confidence estimate as input for an evaluation of a prediction based on the environment representation, wherein the confidence estimate is an estimate of a degree of influence by the detected entity on the prediction, and wherein the driving assistance system is configured to perform at least one of an active control and passive control of the vehicle based on the prediction. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program code portions for performing the method according to claim 1 when the computer program is executed by a computing device.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: traversing a corpus of documents to identify a plurality of lists within the documents, wherein each list comprises structured data delimited from other data in a document, and wherein each list specifies an enumeration of elements; selecting a pair of terms based on determining that both terms of the pair are contained in a first quantity of lists that are included in the documents in the corpus, wherein the first quantity is more than a first predetermined quantity, and wherein each list in the first quantity of lists includes more than a second predetermined quantity of terms; determining a first value that represents a quantity of documents in the corpus that include a list that contains both terms of the pair; determining a second value that represents a quantity of the documents in the set corpus that include a list that contains at least one of the terms of the pair; when both terms of the pair are contained in the first quantity of lists that are included in the documents in the corpus, determining a correlation value from the first value and the second value; determining that the correlation value satisfies a threshold; and designating, by one or more computers, the pair of terms as potentially non-synonymous terms by adding the pair of terms to a blacklist, based on determining that the correlation value satisfies the threshold, wherein the blacklist is accessed for synonym determination.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: traversing a corpus of documents to identify a plurality of lists within the documents, wherein each list comprises structured data delimited from other data in a document, and wherein each list specifies an enumeration of elements; selecting a pair of terms based on determining that both terms of the pair are contained in a first quantity of lists that are included in the documents in the corpus, wherein the first quantity is more than a first predetermined quantity, and wherein each list in the first quantity of lists includes more than a second predetermined quantity of terms; determining a first value that represents a quantity of documents in the corpus that include a list that contains both terms of the pair; determining a second value that represents a quantity of the documents in the set corpus that include a list that contains at least one of the terms of the pair; when both terms of the pair are contained in the first quantity of lists that are included in the documents in the corpus, determining a correlation value from the first value and the second value; determining that the correlation value satisfies a threshold; and designating, by one or more computers, the pair of terms as potentially non-synonymous terms by adding the pair of terms to a blacklist, based on determining that the correlation value satisfies the threshold, wherein the blacklist is accessed for synonym determination. 10. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more lists in the plurality of lists comprise a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) definition list.

1. An interchangeable input module configured to mate with a base device comprising: a user input device having a plurality of inputs associated with language elements of a language; a storage component configured to store configuration data associated with the language, the configuration data enabling the base device to recognize signals as corresponding to language elements of the language; and an interface coupled to the user input device and the storage component, the interface being configured to (1) electrically provide the configuration data to the base device after the interchangeable input module is mated with the base device, and (2) electronically provide to the base device signals corresponding to selective user interaction with the user input device, after the interchangeable input module is mated with the base device.

1. An interchangeable input module configured to mate with a base device comprising: a user input device having a plurality of inputs associated with language elements of a language; a storage component configured to store configuration data associated with the language, the configuration data enabling the base device to recognize signals as corresponding to language elements of the language; and an interface coupled to the user input device and the storage component, the interface being configured to (1) electrically provide the configuration data to the base device after the interchangeable input module is mated with the base device, and (2) electronically provide to the base device signals corresponding to selective user interaction with the user input device, after the interchangeable input module is mated with the base device. 2. The interchangeable input module of claim 1 , wherein the language is a selected one of an alphanumeric language and a character-based language.

1. A method for adjusting webpage layout, comprising: calculating a width for displaying an image on a webpage; determining whether the image is inserted in a segment of text of the webpage, including checking whether a parent node of the image includes a label representing a paragraph of text; adjusting a size of the image display based on a mobile terminal's screen width and the width for displaying the image, if the image is inserted in the segment of text of the webpage, including: setting a width of the image display to the mobile terminal's screen width subtracting a fixed number of pixels, and setting a height of the image display based on the width of the image display; and adding a label to the image display to force the image display to be left justified, while ignoring label attributes including at least one of text-align, indent, and margin.

1. A method for adjusting webpage layout, comprising: calculating a width for displaying an image on a webpage; determining whether the image is inserted in a segment of text of the webpage, including checking whether a parent node of the image includes a label representing a paragraph of text; adjusting a size of the image display based on a mobile terminal's screen width and the width for displaying the image, if the image is inserted in the segment of text of the webpage, including: setting a width of the image display to the mobile terminal's screen width subtracting a fixed number of pixels, and setting a height of the image display based on the width of the image display; and adding a label to the image display to force the image display to be left justified, while ignoring label attributes including at least one of text-align, indent, and margin. 2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising: determining whether the image display needs to be adjusted; determining whether the width for displaying the image is different from a default value; and determining whether the screen width of the mobile terminal has changed.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising: intercepting text input into at least one of the Internet browsing application components comprising: the search box, default search box, address bar, new tab search, and start/home page search; submitting the inputted text to a remote network location and receiving, in response thereto, a redirect to a search engine to which the search is to be submitted to; and submitting the search to the search engine redirected to.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising: intercepting text input into at least one of the Internet browsing application components comprising: the search box, default search box, address bar, new tab search, and start/home page search; submitting the inputted text to a remote network location and receiving, in response thereto, a redirect to a search engine to which the search is to be submitted to; and submitting the search to the search engine redirected to. 12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: disabling at least one of the internet browsing application components comprising: the default search box, the address bar, the new tab search, and the start/home page search.

1. A method of providing a call memo associated with an originating telephone comprising: (a) coupling a destination telephone to a call management system to receive supervisory signalling at the call management system relative to the originating telephone and the destination telephone and to interact with the destination telephone; (b) receiving an inbound call from an originating telephone at the call management system, said inbound call destined for the destination telephone; (c) prior to connecting the inbound call to the destination telephone, performing processing at the call management system including the steps of: (i) parsing, at the call management system, caller-id information received with said inbound call to obtain a calling telephone number associated with the originating telephone; (ii) identifying, based on a call memo database and the calling telephone number, a call memo associated with the calling telephone number; (iii) after said destination telephone is off-hook, and prior to connecting the inbound call to the destination telephone, providing a playback of the identified call memo at the destination telephone; (iv) during the playback of the identified call memo, monitoring for a predetermined key press at the destination telephone and if a predetermined key press is detected interrupting the playback of the identified call memo, prior to the completion of the identified call memo and at the time said predetermined key press is detected; and (d) after the playback or after the interrupting, connecting the inbound call to the destination telephone.

1. A method of providing a call memo associated with an originating telephone comprising: (a) coupling a destination telephone to a call management system to receive supervisory signalling at the call management system relative to the originating telephone and the destination telephone and to interact with the destination telephone; (b) receiving an inbound call from an originating telephone at the call management system, said inbound call destined for the destination telephone; (c) prior to connecting the inbound call to the destination telephone, performing processing at the call management system including the steps of: (i) parsing, at the call management system, caller-id information received with said inbound call to obtain a calling telephone number associated with the originating telephone; (ii) identifying, based on a call memo database and the calling telephone number, a call memo associated with the calling telephone number; (iii) after said destination telephone is off-hook, and prior to connecting the inbound call to the destination telephone, providing a playback of the identified call memo at the destination telephone; (iv) during the playback of the identified call memo, monitoring for a predetermined key press at the destination telephone and if a predetermined key press is detected interrupting the playback of the identified call memo, prior to the completion of the identified call memo and at the time said predetermined key press is detected; and (d) after the playback or after the interrupting, connecting the inbound call to the destination telephone. 2. The method of claim 1 further including the step of recording an additional call memo.

1. A method comprising: presenting an electronic document data file including dynamic content and organized according to a page descriptive format, the dynamic content comprising a media content that changes state over time, wherein the media content comprises scripted content, the page descriptive format being a device-independent and display resolution-independent fixed-layout document format; adding a comment to the media content, the comment being directed to a state of the media content selected from a plurality of states of the media content, wherein the selected state comprises user-customized content elements; adding opaque state information to the electronic document data file such that the comment and the selected state of the media content to which the comment is directed can be rendered from the electronic document data file using the opaque state information, the opaque state information referencing the selected state of the media content associated with the comment and including frame information associated with the media content; subsequent to adding the opaque state information to the electronic document data file, receiving an indication to access the comment; in response to receiving the indication to access the comment, rendering the comment and the selected state of the media content to which the comment is directed based on the opaque state information.

1. A method comprising: presenting an electronic document data file including dynamic content and organized according to a page descriptive format, the dynamic content comprising a media content that changes state over time, wherein the media content comprises scripted content, the page descriptive format being a device-independent and display resolution-independent fixed-layout document format; adding a comment to the media content, the comment being directed to a state of the media content selected from a plurality of states of the media content, wherein the selected state comprises user-customized content elements; adding opaque state information to the electronic document data file such that the comment and the selected state of the media content to which the comment is directed can be rendered from the electronic document data file using the opaque state information, the opaque state information referencing the selected state of the media content associated with the comment and including frame information associated with the media content; subsequent to adding the opaque state information to the electronic document data file, receiving an indication to access the comment; in response to receiving the indication to access the comment, rendering the comment and the selected state of the media content to which the comment is directed based on the opaque state information. 11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the opaque state information comprises storing the opaque state information within the electronic document data file while the media content is being presented.

19. A client device comprising: a memory storing a JavaScript engine and a browser engine, the browser engine comprising a WebKit and a WebCore that includes embedded JavaScript bindings; a processor configured to: execute the WebCore to support a plurality of application classes from the browser engine directly to a native physics engine and to a JavaScript Core, and to provide transparent access from at least one web application to the native physics engine through the JavaScript bindings; and execute the JavaScript engine to trigger a function that calls into a corresponding JavaScript binding function of the WebCore through a table, and to cause the corresponding JavaScript binding function to call a wrapper layer function in the JavaScript binding that calls a native function from the native physics engine.

19. A client device comprising: a memory storing a JavaScript engine and a browser engine, the browser engine comprising a WebKit and a WebCore that includes embedded JavaScript bindings; a processor configured to: execute the WebCore to support a plurality of application classes from the browser engine directly to a native physics engine and to a JavaScript Core, and to provide transparent access from at least one web application to the native physics engine through the JavaScript bindings; and execute the JavaScript engine to trigger a function that calls into a corresponding JavaScript binding function of the WebCore through a table, and to cause the corresponding JavaScript binding function to call a wrapper layer function in the JavaScript binding that calls a native function from the native physics engine. 22. The client device of claim 19 , wherein the processor is further configured to execute the WebCore to map Document Object Model (DOM) window objects are mapped using a tree structure.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the financial benefit is generated from purchases of items within a category during a session initiated with the selection of an advertisement for the keyword and the determining of the bid amount includes accumulating combinations for each category of the financial benefit for that category and the category-specific advertising expense factor for that category and normalizing the accumulated combinations by number of sessions resulting in the financial benefit.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the financial benefit is generated from purchases of items within a category during a session initiated with the selection of an advertisement for the keyword and the determining of the bid amount includes accumulating combinations for each category of the financial benefit for that category and the category-specific advertising expense factor for that category and normalizing the accumulated combinations by number of sessions resulting in the financial benefit. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the determining of the bid amount includes further multiplying the combination for a category by a category-specific forecast conversion rate before accumulating the combinations.

1. A computing device comprising: a memory configured to store instructions to execute a trained file classifier; and a processor configured to execute the instructions from the memory to perform operations comprising: receiving, via a network from a remote computing device, a feature vector representing a file stored in a memory of the remote computing device, the feature vector including: a zero-skip n-gram indicating occurrences of adjacent characters in printable characters representing the file, a skip n-gram indicating occurrences of non-adjacent characters in the printable characters representing the file; and an n-gram indicating occurrences of groups of entropy indicators in a set of entropy indicators derived from file entropy data for the file, each entropy indicator of the set of entropy indicators having a value representing entropy of a corresponding chunk of the file; generating, by the trained file classifier, classification data associated with the file based on the feature vector, the classification data indicating whether the file includes malware; and transmitting the classification data to the remote computing device via the network, wherein access to the file or execution of the file at the remote computing device is restricted responsive to the classification data indicating that the file includes malware.

1. A computing device comprising: a memory configured to store instructions to execute a trained file classifier; and a processor configured to execute the instructions from the memory to perform operations comprising: receiving, via a network from a remote computing device, a feature vector representing a file stored in a memory of the remote computing device, the feature vector including: a zero-skip n-gram indicating occurrences of adjacent characters in printable characters representing the file, a skip n-gram indicating occurrences of non-adjacent characters in the printable characters representing the file; and an n-gram indicating occurrences of groups of entropy indicators in a set of entropy indicators derived from file entropy data for the file, each entropy indicator of the set of entropy indicators having a value representing entropy of a corresponding chunk of the file; generating, by the trained file classifier, classification data associated with the file based on the feature vector, the classification data indicating whether the file includes malware; and transmitting the classification data to the remote computing device via the network, wherein access to the file or execution of the file at the remote computing device is restricted responsive to the classification data indicating that the file includes malware. 5. The computing device of claim 1 , wherein the trained file classifier corresponds to a decision tree, a neural network, or a support vector machine.

1. A speech processing apparatus, comprising: an entity extracting unit to extract entity information by extracting input speech entity information from input speech and extracting a respective upper entity from a respective same domain as the input speech entity information; a focus determination unit to determine a focus of the input speech using extracted input speech entity information requiring a response from among a plurality of the extracted input speech entity information and preset entity information requiring a response, wherein the preset entity information requiring a response is pre-stored separately from other entity information; a mapping unit to map lower domain entities, of the domain, corresponding to the focus with the extracted input speech entity information; and a recognition unit to recognize a result of arranging the extracted input speech entity information according to semantic association among the mapped lower domain entities, of the domain, as the input speech, wherein the upper entity is a hierarchically higher entity, within the domain, than the lower domain entities, the semantic association among the domain entities is preset, and entity portions within the extracted input speech entity information are determined to be semantically associated with one another according to the preset semantic association, and wherein the recognition unit performs recognition of the input speech within pre-defined categories, respectively as the lower domain entities, with the lower domain entities being distinguished from the entity portions within the extracted input speech entity information and the recognized input speech.

1. A speech processing apparatus, comprising: an entity extracting unit to extract entity information by extracting input speech entity information from input speech and extracting a respective upper entity from a respective same domain as the input speech entity information; a focus determination unit to determine a focus of the input speech using extracted input speech entity information requiring a response from among a plurality of the extracted input speech entity information and preset entity information requiring a response, wherein the preset entity information requiring a response is pre-stored separately from other entity information; a mapping unit to map lower domain entities, of the domain, corresponding to the focus with the extracted input speech entity information; and a recognition unit to recognize a result of arranging the extracted input speech entity information according to semantic association among the mapped lower domain entities, of the domain, as the input speech, wherein the upper entity is a hierarchically higher entity, within the domain, than the lower domain entities, the semantic association among the domain entities is preset, and entity portions within the extracted input speech entity information are determined to be semantically associated with one another according to the preset semantic association, and wherein the recognition unit performs recognition of the input speech within pre-defined categories, respectively as the lower domain entities, with the lower domain entities being distinguished from the entity portions within the extracted input speech entity information and the recognized input speech. 2. The speech processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the extracted input speech entity information comprises at least one individual word entity and/or at least one phrase entity.

1. A method comprising: by one or more computers of a social-networking system, accessing a social graph of the social-networking system, the social graph comprising a plurality of nodes and edges connecting the nodes, the nodes comprising user nodes that are each associated with a particular user of the social-networking system; by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, determining, from the social graph, that a user “likes” a first page associated with a particular version of a media content; by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, determining that one or more other versions of the media content exist, wherein each of the one or more other versions of the media content has one or more associated pages; by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, determining that a main page is associated with the particular version and the one or more other versions of the media content; and by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, aggregating the user's “like” of the first page to the main page.

1. A method comprising: by one or more computers of a social-networking system, accessing a social graph of the social-networking system, the social graph comprising a plurality of nodes and edges connecting the nodes, the nodes comprising user nodes that are each associated with a particular user of the social-networking system; by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, determining, from the social graph, that a user “likes” a first page associated with a particular version of a media content; by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, determining that one or more other versions of the media content exist, wherein each of the one or more other versions of the media content has one or more associated pages; by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, determining that a main page is associated with the particular version and the one or more other versions of the media content; and by the one or more computers of the social-networking system, aggregating the user's “like” of the first page to the main page. 5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particular version and the one or more other versions comprise one or more of: an episode of a show; a season of the show; a series of the show; and a movie.

8. In a digital medium environment to enable font replacement at a destination device for a document created at a source device, at least one computing device including a processing system and memory having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the processing system to perform operations comprising: ascertaining at least one font present in a document; determining a font descriptor corresponding to the at least one font, the font descriptor including font features derived from a visual appearance of the at least one font using a font visual similarity model trained with machine learning, the font descriptor usable to determine a visually similar local font to replace the at least one font at a remote computing device; appending the font descriptor to the document; and transmitting the document including the appended font descriptor to the remote computing device.

8. In a digital medium environment to enable font replacement at a destination device for a document created at a source device, at least one computing device including a processing system and memory having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the processing system to perform operations comprising: ascertaining at least one font present in a document; determining a font descriptor corresponding to the at least one font, the font descriptor including font features derived from a visual appearance of the at least one font using a font visual similarity model trained with machine learning, the font descriptor usable to determine a visually similar local font to replace the at least one font at a remote computing device; appending the font descriptor to the document; and transmitting the document including the appended font descriptor to the remote computing device. 11. The at least one computing device as described in claim 8 , wherein the determining comprises: producing the visual appearance of the at least one font, the visual appearance comprising an image including multiple glyphs rendered using the at least one font; transmitting to a remote location the image including the multiple glyphs; and receiving from the remote location the font descriptor corresponding to the at least one font.

8. The data indexing and perusal system of claim 3 , wherein the annotation module is operable to automatically generate links between all instances of a designated link term within the plurality of selected source files and the designated file.

8. The data indexing and perusal system of claim 3 , wherein the annotation module is operable to automatically generate links between all instances of a designated link term within the plurality of selected source files and the designated file. 9. The data indexing and perusal system of claim 8 , wherein the annotation module enables automatic generation of links only if the links are valid.

1. A method of searching a hierarchical database and an inverted index, comprising: receiving a single search query that has syntax identifying an unstructured search string within a structured search query to automatically cause a search of the inverted index and use of the result to automatically search the hierarchical database; extracting the unstructured search string from the single search query; searching the inverted index according to the unstructured search string, wherein the inverted index includes virtual documents created from data stored in the hierarchical database, wherein each virtual document includes a unique identifier from the hierarchical database used to designate the data in the hierarchical database from which that virtual document was created, wherein a result of the inverted index search includes the unique identifiers of the virtual documents that meet the search; and generating, for each of the unique identifiers in the result, a separate search query from the single search query by replacing the unstructured search string in the structured search query with that unique identifier, searching the hierarchical database according to the separate search query; wherein the hierarchical database includes one or more sub-trees branching from a tree root node, wherein each sub-tree includes one or more nodes starting at a sub-tree root node, and wherein each node has a unique identifier, and wherein creating the virtual documents includes selectively generating the virtual documents from the one or more sub-trees, wherein each of the virtual documents corresponds to one of the one or more sub-trees and includes all nodes of that sub-tree; and wherein the syntax for the single search query includes a SELECT clause and a FROM clause, wherein the SELECT clause includes syntax to identify a path in the hierarchical database starting at the tree root node, and wherein the FROM clause includes the unstructured search string.

1. A method of searching a hierarchical database and an inverted index, comprising: receiving a single search query that has syntax identifying an unstructured search string within a structured search query to automatically cause a search of the inverted index and use of the result to automatically search the hierarchical database; extracting the unstructured search string from the single search query; searching the inverted index according to the unstructured search string, wherein the inverted index includes virtual documents created from data stored in the hierarchical database, wherein each virtual document includes a unique identifier from the hierarchical database used to designate the data in the hierarchical database from which that virtual document was created, wherein a result of the inverted index search includes the unique identifiers of the virtual documents that meet the search; and generating, for each of the unique identifiers in the result, a separate search query from the single search query by replacing the unstructured search string in the structured search query with that unique identifier, searching the hierarchical database according to the separate search query; wherein the hierarchical database includes one or more sub-trees branching from a tree root node, wherein each sub-tree includes one or more nodes starting at a sub-tree root node, and wherein each node has a unique identifier, and wherein creating the virtual documents includes selectively generating the virtual documents from the one or more sub-trees, wherein each of the virtual documents corresponds to one of the one or more sub-trees and includes all nodes of that sub-tree; and wherein the syntax for the single search query includes a SELECT clause and a FROM clause, wherein the SELECT clause includes syntax to identify a path in the hierarchical database starting at the tree root node, and wherein the FROM clause includes the unstructured search string. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the hierarchical database having stored therein information regarding: substantially all devices within a LAN, a list of software installed on those devices, and a list of users authorized to use those devices.

20. An article of manufacture comprising: a tangible computer readable storage medium; and a plurality of programming instructions stored on the storage medium and configured to program an apparatus to enable the apparatus, upon execution of the programming instructions, to perform operations including: receiving a search request associated with a transportation service from a client device on the Internet, the apparatus being coupled to the Internet, the search request including a plurality of search criteria and directs the apparatus to search the Internet for a plurality of information locations on the Internet having information associated with the plurality of search criteria; and return to the client device an answer page having a plurality of answers potentially associated with the transportation service, the plurality of answers identifying a plurality of information locations on the Internet having information potentially associated with at least a one of the plurality of search criteria, wherein a first of the answers associated with a first information page of a first information location on the Internet having information associated with at least one of the search criteria and does not include any input field displayed on the answer page, and a second of the answers includes at least one input field of a second information page of a second information location on the Internet having information associated with at least one of the search criteria for entry of at least one feature of the transportation service; wherein the second answer is placed in the answer page either ahead of or at a side of the first answer; wherein the second of the answers including at least one input field further includes an index indexing to the second information location to dynamically generate the second information page, the index including a query and a set of one or more associated parameters, and the set of one or more associated parameters including at least one parameter variable corresponding to the at least one input field for entry of the at least one feature of the transportation service.

20. An article of manufacture comprising: a tangible computer readable storage medium; and a plurality of programming instructions stored on the storage medium and configured to program an apparatus to enable the apparatus, upon execution of the programming instructions, to perform operations including: receiving a search request associated with a transportation service from a client device on the Internet, the apparatus being coupled to the Internet, the search request including a plurality of search criteria and directs the apparatus to search the Internet for a plurality of information locations on the Internet having information associated with the plurality of search criteria; and return to the client device an answer page having a plurality of answers potentially associated with the transportation service, the plurality of answers identifying a plurality of information locations on the Internet having information potentially associated with at least a one of the plurality of search criteria, wherein a first of the answers associated with a first information page of a first information location on the Internet having information associated with at least one of the search criteria and does not include any input field displayed on the answer page, and a second of the answers includes at least one input field of a second information page of a second information location on the Internet having information associated with at least one of the search criteria for entry of at least one feature of the transportation service; wherein the second answer is placed in the answer page either ahead of or at a side of the first answer; wherein the second of the answers including at least one input field further includes an index indexing to the second information location to dynamically generate the second information page, the index including a query and a set of one or more associated parameters, and the set of one or more associated parameters including at least one parameter variable corresponding to the at least one input field for entry of the at least one feature of the transportation service. 21. The article of claim 20 , wherein the transportation service is one of a vehicular rental service, a train reservation service, a flight status service, a limousine reservation service, a taxi reservations service, a bus reservation/schedule service, a boat reservation/schedule service, a ship reservation/schedule service, a car rental location service, a train status information service, a ferry reservation/schedule service, or a cruise liner reservation/schedule service.

22. The implant of claim 21 including a second body with a second shield and a second shield cavity with a second deflection rod mounted in said second shield cavity; and wherein said second body is connected to said mount.

22. The implant of claim 21 including a second body with a second shield and a second shield cavity with a second deflection rod mounted in said second shield cavity; and wherein said second body is connected to said mount. 23. The implant of claim 22 wherein said first body and said second body are about parallel.

1. A method for automatically ascertaining a geographic location, the method comprising: capturing a digital image of at least a portion of sky visible upward from the geographic location; automatically generating, by a processor, a plurality of digital sky light scattering models, each sky light scattering model characterizing light, as the light would appear from a corresponding candidate geographic location after the light was emitted by at least one light source disposed proximate the candidate geographic location and subsequently scattered by particulates disposed in an atmosphere proximate the at least one light source; automatically associating, by a processor, each sky light scattering model with the corresponding candidate geographic location; automatically searching, by a processor, the plurality of sky light scattering models for a matching sky light scattering model that matches the image within a match criterion; and as a result of the searching, the matching sky light scattering model is found, automatically outputting, by a processor, to at least one of: a display panel, a map selector, a guidance system, a navigation system and/or a control system, the candidate geographic location associated with the matching sky light scattering model as the ascertained geographic location.

1. A method for automatically ascertaining a geographic location, the method comprising: capturing a digital image of at least a portion of sky visible upward from the geographic location; automatically generating, by a processor, a plurality of digital sky light scattering models, each sky light scattering model characterizing light, as the light would appear from a corresponding candidate geographic location after the light was emitted by at least one light source disposed proximate the candidate geographic location and subsequently scattered by particulates disposed in an atmosphere proximate the at least one light source; automatically associating, by a processor, each sky light scattering model with the corresponding candidate geographic location; automatically searching, by a processor, the plurality of sky light scattering models for a matching sky light scattering model that matches the image within a match criterion; and as a result of the searching, the matching sky light scattering model is found, automatically outputting, by a processor, to at least one of: a display panel, a map selector, a guidance system, a navigation system and/or a control system, the candidate geographic location associated with the matching sky light scattering model as the ascertained geographic location. 13. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising: automatically obtaining a compass reading at the geographic location; wherein automatically searching the plurality of sky light scattering models comprises automatically adjusting the image or at least some of the plurality of sky light scattering models according to the compass reading.

5. The method of selecting a language as in claim 4 wherein the step of using the indication as a pointer to a memory address further comprises inserting the pointer in a text retrieval routine.

5. The method of selecting a language as in claim 4 wherein the step of using the indication as a pointer to a memory address further comprises inserting the pointer in a text retrieval routine. 6. The method of selecting a language as in claim 5 wherein the step of using the indication as a pointer to a memory address further comprises using the pointer as a memory address offset by adding the pointer to a base pointer.

12. A program storage device readable by a computer, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the computer to perform the method steps for computer aided detection of anatomical abnormalities in medical images, said method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of abnormality candidates and features of said abnormality candidates; and classifying said abnormality candidates as true positives or false positives using a hierarchical cascade of linear classifiers of the form sign(w T x+b), wherein x is a feature vector, w is a weighting vector and b is a model parameter, wherein different weights are used to penalize false negatives and false positives, and wherein more computationally complex features are used for each successive stage of said cascade of classifiers, wherein each stage of said cascade solves a linear program formulated using a training error rate ξ equivalent to max {0,1−y(w T x+b)} and an l 1 -norm equivalent to ∥w∥ t =Σ|w 1 | summed over all features, wherein said linear program is equivalent to the system represented by min u , v , ξ ⁢ λ ⁢ ∑ j = 1 d ⁢ ( u j + v j ) + μ l + ⁢ ∑ i ∈ C + ⁢ ξ i + 1 - μ l - ⁢ ∑ i ∈ C - ⁢ ξ i , ⁢ y ( ∑ j ⁢ X ij ⁡ ( u j - v j ) + b ) + ξ i ≥ 1 , ⁢ such ⁢ ⁢ that ⁢ ⁢ ξ i ≥ 0 , i = 1 , … ⁢ , l , ⁢ u j , v j ≥ 0 , j = 1 , … ⁢ , d , ( 1 ) wherein λ>0 is a regularization parameter, {x i , y i }, i=1, . . . , l denotes the abnormality candidates, y denotes a label indicating whether or not a candidate associated with a feature vector is a true positive, X denotes a feature matrix of d features wherein each row represents candidate feature vector x, and each column specifies a feature, l + is the number of positive candidates and l − the number of negative candidates, C + and C − contain, respectively, the sets of indices of positive candidates and negative candidates, 0≦μ≦1 is a tuning parameter for combining the false negative rate and false positive rate, and w j =u j −v j .

12. A program storage device readable by a computer, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the computer to perform the method steps for computer aided detection of anatomical abnormalities in medical images, said method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of abnormality candidates and features of said abnormality candidates; and classifying said abnormality candidates as true positives or false positives using a hierarchical cascade of linear classifiers of the form sign(w T x+b), wherein x is a feature vector, w is a weighting vector and b is a model parameter, wherein different weights are used to penalize false negatives and false positives, and wherein more computationally complex features are used for each successive stage of said cascade of classifiers, wherein each stage of said cascade solves a linear program formulated using a training error rate ξ equivalent to max {0,1−y(w T x+b)} and an l 1 -norm equivalent to ∥w∥ t =Σ|w 1 | summed over all features, wherein said linear program is equivalent to the system represented by min u , v , ξ ⁢ λ ⁢ ∑ j = 1 d ⁢ ( u j + v j ) + μ l + ⁢ ∑ i ∈ C + ⁢ ξ i + 1 - μ l - ⁢ ∑ i ∈ C - ⁢ ξ i , ⁢ y ( ∑ j ⁢ X ij ⁡ ( u j - v j ) + b ) + ξ i ≥ 1 , ⁢ such ⁢ ⁢ that ⁢ ⁢ ξ i ≥ 0 , i = 1 , … ⁢ , l , ⁢ u j , v j ≥ 0 , j = 1 , … ⁢ , d , ( 1 ) wherein λ>0 is a regularization parameter, {x i , y i }, i=1, . . . , l denotes the abnormality candidates, y denotes a label indicating whether or not a candidate associated with a feature vector is a true positive, X denotes a feature matrix of d features wherein each row represents candidate feature vector x, and each column specifies a feature, l + is the number of positive candidates and l − the number of negative candidates, C + and C − contain, respectively, the sets of indices of positive candidates and negative candidates, 0≦μ≦1 is a tuning parameter for combining the false negative rate and false positive rate, and w j =u j −v j . 16. The computer readable program storage device of claim 12 , wherein each classifier of said cascade of classifiers uses a single set of features.

24. A method of providing an application programming interface capable of providing text checking functionality for a plurality of programs, comprising: receiving text from a calling program in to an input buffer that is in communication with the calling program; addressing the text in the input buffer using an input buffer pointer; passing the text from the input buffer to a text checking engine using the input buffer pointer, the test checking engine being addressable by a plurality of programs; requesting the engine to perform a text checking function; using the engine to perform the requested function and produce information responsive to the requested function using a same process context used by the calling program; receiving the responsive information from the engine in a return buffer communicating with the text checking engine; and passing the responsive information from the return buffer to the calling program.

24. A method of providing an application programming interface capable of providing text checking functionality for a plurality of programs, comprising: receiving text from a calling program in to an input buffer that is in communication with the calling program; addressing the text in the input buffer using an input buffer pointer; passing the text from the input buffer to a text checking engine using the input buffer pointer, the test checking engine being addressable by a plurality of programs; requesting the engine to perform a text checking function; using the engine to perform the requested function and produce information responsive to the requested function using a same process context used by the calling program; receiving the responsive information from the engine in a return buffer communicating with the text checking engine; and passing the responsive information from the return buffer to the calling program. 29. The method of claim 24 further including attaching a clean bit to a section of the text if no mistakes were found in the section of text by the text checking engine.