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pharaouk
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rosetta-code

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train · 79k rows

task_url stringlengths 30 116	task_name stringlengths 2 86	task_description stringlengths 0 14.4k	language_url stringlengths 2 53	language_name stringlengths 1 52	code stringlengths 0 61.9k
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#J	J	NB. sum of reciprocals of squares of first thousand positive integers +/ % : >: i. 1000 1.64393 (:o.1)%6 NB. pi squared over six, for comparison 1.64493 1r6p2 NB. As a constant (J has a rich constant notation) 1.64493
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Ring	Ring	aList = 'apples, pears # and bananas' see aList + nl see stripComment(aList) + nl aList = 'apples, pears // and bananas' see aList + nl see stripComment(aList) + nl func stripComment bList nr = substr(bList,"#") if nr > 0 cList = substr(bList,1,nr-1) ok nr = substr(bList,"//") if nr > 0 cList = substr(bList,1,nr-1) ok return cList
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Ruby	Ruby	class String def strip_comment( markers = ['#',';'] ) re = Regexp.union( markers ) # construct a regular expression which will match any of the markers if index = (self =~ re) self[0, index].rstrip # slice the string where the regular expression matches, and return it. else rstrip end end end p 'apples, pears # and bananas'.strip_comment str = 'apples, pears ; and bananas' p str.strip_comment str = 'apples, pears and bananas ' p str.strip_comment p str.strip_comment('and') p " \t \n ;".strip_comment p "".strip_comment
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Rust	Rust	fn strip_comment<'a>(input: &'a str, markers: &[char]) -> &'a str { input .find(markers) .map(\|idx\| &input[..idx]) .unwrap_or(input) .trim() } fn main() { println!("{:?}", strip_comment("apples, pears # and bananas", &['#', ';'])); println!("{:?}", strip_comment("apples, pears ; and bananas", &['#', ';'])); println!("{:?}", strip_comment("apples, pears and bananas ", &['#', ';'])); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_block_comments	Strip block comments	A block comment begins with a beginning delimiter and ends with a ending delimiter, including the delimiters. These delimiters are often multi-character sequences. Task Strip block comments from program text (of a programming language much like classic C). Your demos should at least handle simple, non-nested and multi-line block comment delimiters. The block comment delimiters are the two-character sequences: /* (beginning delimiter) / (ending delimiter) Sample text for stripping: /* * Some comments * longer comments here that we can parse. * * Rahoo / function subroutine() { a = / inline comment / b + c ; } // <-- tricky comments / /* * Another comment. */ function something() { } Extra credit Ensure that the stripping code is not hard-coded to the particular delimiters described above, but instead allows the caller to specify them. (If your language supports them, optional parameters may be useful for this.) Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Wren	Wren	var stripper = Fn.new { \|start, end\| if (start == "" \|\| end == "") { start = "/" end = "/" } return Fn.new { \|source\| while (true) { var cs = source.indexOf(start) if (cs == -1) break var ce = source[cs+2..-1].indexOf(end) if (ce == -1) break source = source[0...cs] + source[cs+ce+4..-1] } return source } } var source = "/** * Some comments * longer comments here that we can parse. * * Rahoo / function subroutine() { a = / inline comment / b + c ; } // <-- tricky comments / /* * Another comment. */ function something() { }" var stripC = stripper.call("", "") System.print(stripC.call(source))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_block_comments	Strip block comments	A block comment begins with a beginning delimiter and ends with a ending delimiter, including the delimiters. These delimiters are often multi-character sequences. Task Strip block comments from program text (of a programming language much like classic C). Your demos should at least handle simple, non-nested and multi-line block comment delimiters. The block comment delimiters are the two-character sequences: /* (beginning delimiter) / (ending delimiter) Sample text for stripping: /* * Some comments * longer comments here that we can parse. * * Rahoo / function subroutine() { a = / inline comment / b + c ; } // <-- tricky comments / /* * Another comment. */ function something() { } Extra credit Ensure that the stripping code is not hard-coded to the particular delimiters described above, but instead allows the caller to specify them. (If your language supports them, optional parameters may be useful for this.) Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#XProfan	XProfan	Proc strip_block_comments Parameters string inhalt, beg_delim, end_delim Declare long start, ende, anzahl start = 1 start = InStr(beg_delim, inhalt, start) While start > 0 ende = InStr(end_delim, inhalt, start + len(beg_delim)) If ende > 0 anzahl = ende + + len(end_delim) - start inhalt = Del$(inhalt, start, anzahl) Else BREAK EndIf start = InStr(beg_delim, inhalt, start) EndWhile Return inhalt EndProc Cls Declare string Text Text = BlockRead("C:\Temp\Multiline_comment.txt") Text = strip_block_comments(Text, "/", "/") Print "Output:" Print Text WaitKey End
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Haxe	Haxe	class Program { static function main() { var extra = 'little'; var formatted = 'Mary had a $extra lamb.'; Sys.println(formatted); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#HicEst	HicEst	CHARACTER original="Mary had a X lamb", little = "little", output_string*100 output_string = original EDIT(Text=output_string, Right='X', RePLaceby=little)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Icon_and_Unicon	Icon and Unicon	s2 := "humongous" s3 := "little" s1 := "Mary had a humongous lamb." s1 ?:= tab(find(s2)) \|\| (=s2,s3) \|\| tab(0) # replaces the first instance of s2 with s3 while s1 ?:= tab(find(s2)) \|\| (=s2,s3) \|\| tab(0) # replaces all instances of s2 with s3, equivalent to replace
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Java	Java	class StripChars { public static String stripChars(String inString, String toStrip) { return inString.replaceAll("[" + toStrip + "]", ""); } public static void main(String[] args) { String sentence = "She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!"; String chars = "aei"; System.out.println("sentence: " + sentence); System.out.println("to strip: " + chars); System.out.println("stripped: " + stripChars(sentence, chars)); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#JavaScript	JavaScript	function stripchars(string, chars) { return string.replace(RegExp('['+chars+']','g'), ''); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Ring	Ring	aString = "World!" bString = "Hello, " + aString see bString + nl
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Ruby	Ruby	str = "llo world" str.prepend("He") p str #=> "Hello world"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Rust	Rust	let mut s = "World".to_string(); s.insert_str(0, "Hello "); println!("{}", s);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Scala	Scala	val s = "World" // Immutables are recommended //> s : String = World val f2 = () => ", " //Function assigned to variable //> f2 : () => String = <function0> val s1 = "Hello" + f2() + s //> s1 : String = Hello, World println(s1); //> Hello, World
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#FreeBASIC	FreeBASIC	' FB 1.05.0 ' Strings in FB natively support the relational operators which compare lexically on a case-sensitive basis. ' There are no special provisions for numerical strings. ' There are no other types of string comparison for the built-in types though 'user defined types' ' can specify their own comparisons by over-loading the relational operators. Function StringCompare(s1 As Const String, s2 As Const String, ignoreCase As Boolean = false) As String Dim As String s, t ' need new string variables as the strings passed in can't be changed If ignoreCase Then s = LCase(s1) t = LCase(s2) Else s = s1 t = s2 End If If s < t Then Return " comes before " If s = t Then Return " is equal to " Return " comes after " End Function Dim As Integer result Dim As String s1, s2, s3 s1 = "Dog" : s2 = "Dog" Print s1; StringCompare(s1, s2); s2 s2 = "Cat" Print s1; StringCompare(s1, s2); s2 s2 = "Rat" Print s1; StringCompare(s1, s2); s2 s2 = "dog" Print s1; StringCompare(s1, s2); s2 Print s1; StringCompare(s1, s2, True); s2; " if case is ignored" s1 = "Dog" : s2 = "Pig" s3 = StringCompare(s1, s2) If s3 <> " is equal to " Then Print s1; " is not equal to "; s2 End If Print Print "Press any key to quit" Sleep
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#E	E	["alphaBETA".toUpperCase(), "alphaBETA".toLowerCase()]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#EchoLisp	EchoLisp	(string-downcase "alphaBETA") → "alphabeta" (string-upcase "alphaBETA") → "ALPHABETA" (string-titlecase "alphaBETA") → "Alphabeta" (string-randcase "alphaBETA") → "alphaBEtA" (string-randcase "alphaBETA") → "AlPHaBeTA"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Elena	Elena	import extensions; public program() { var s := "abcd"; console.printLine(s," starts with ab: ",s.startingWith:"ab"); console.printLine(s," starts with cd: ",s.startingWith:"cd"); console.printLine(s," ends with ab: ",s.endingWith:"ab"); console.printLine(s," ends with cd: ",s.endingWith:"cd"); console.printLine(s," contains ab: ",s.containing:"ab"); console.printLine(s," contains bc: ",s.containing:"bc"); console.printLine(s," contains cd: ",s.containing:"cd"); console.printLine(s," contains az: ",s.containing:"az"); console.printLine(s," index of az: ",s.indexOf(0, "az")); console.printLine(s," index of cd: ",s.indexOf(0, "cd")); console.printLine(s," index of bc: ",s.indexOf(0, "bc")); console.printLine(s," index of ab: ",s.indexOf(0, "ab")); console.readChar() }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Elixir	Elixir	s1 = "abcd" s2 = "adab" s3 = "ab" String.starts_with?(s1, s3) # => true String.starts_with?(s2, s3) # => false String.contains?(s1, s3) # => true String.contains?(s2, s3) # => true String.ends_with?(s1, s3) # => false String.ends_with?(s2, s3) # => true # Optional requirements: Regex.run(~r/#{s3}/, s1, return: :index) # => [{0, 2}] Regex.run(~r/#{s3}/, s2, return: :index) # => [{2, 2}] Regex.scan(~r/#{s3}/, "abcabc", return: :index) # => [[{0, 2}], [{3, 2}]]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#D	D	import std.stdio; void showByteLen(T)(T[] str) { writefln("Byte length: %2d - %(%02x%)", str.length * T.sizeof, cast(ubyte[])str); } void main() { string s1a = "møøse"; // UTF-8 showByteLen(s1a); wstring s1b = "møøse"; // UTF-16 showByteLen(s1b); dstring s1c = "møøse"; // UTF-32 showByteLen(s1c); writeln(); string s2a = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"; showByteLen(s2a); wstring s2b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"; showByteLen(s2b); dstring s2c = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"; showByteLen(s2c); writeln(); string s3a = "J̲o̲s̲é̲"; showByteLen(s3a); wstring s3b = "J̲o̲s̲é̲"; showByteLen(s3b); dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲"; showByteLen(s3c); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_control_codes_and_extended_characters_from_a_string	Strip control codes and extended characters from a string	Task Strip control codes and extended characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve each of the following results: a string with control codes stripped (but extended characters not stripped) a string with control codes and extended characters stripped In ASCII, the control codes have decimal codes 0 through to 31 and 127. On an ASCII based system, if the control codes are stripped, the resultant string would have all of its characters within the range of 32 to 126 decimal on the ASCII table. On a non-ASCII based system, we consider characters that do not have a corresponding glyph on the ASCII table (within the ASCII range of 32 to 126 decimal) to be an extended character for the purpose of this task. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#PureBasic	PureBasic	Procedure.s stripControlCodes(source.s) Protected i, ptrChar.Character, length = Len(source), result.s ptrChar = @source For i = 1 To length If ptrChar\c > 31 result + Chr(ptrChar\c) EndIf ptrChar + SizeOf(Character) Next ProcedureReturn result EndProcedure Procedure.s stripControlExtCodes(source.s) Protected i, ptrChar.Character, length = Len(source), result.s ptrChar = @source For i = 1 To length If ptrChar\c > 31 And ptrChar\c < 128 result + Chr(ptrChar\c) EndIf *ptrChar + SizeOf(Character) Next ProcedureReturn result EndProcedure If OpenConsole() ;create sample string Define i, s.s For i = 1 To 80 s + Chr(Random(254) + 1) ;include character values from 1 to 255 Next PrintN(stripControlCodes(s)) ;string without control codes PrintN("---------") PrintN(stripControlExtCodes(s)) ;string without control codes or extended chars Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit"): Input() CloseConsole() EndIf
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#FreeBASIC	FreeBASIC	' FB 1.05.0 Win64 Var s1 = "String" Var s2 = s1 + " concatenation" Print s1 Print s2 Sleep
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Frink	Frink	a = "Frink" b = a + " rules!" println[b]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#Nim	Nim	proc sum35(n: int): int = for x in 0 ..< n: if x mod 3 == 0 or x mod 5 == 0: result += x echo sum35(1000)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#Ol	Ol	(define (sum n base) (if (zero? n) n (+ (mod n base) (sum (div n base) base)))) (print (sum 1 10)) ; ==> 1 (print (sum 1234 10)) ; ==> 10 (print (sum #xfe 16)) ; ==> 29 (print (sum #xf0e 16)) ; ==> 29
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#PARI.2FGP	PARI/GP	ss(v)={ sum(i=1,#v,v[i]^2) };
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#MATLAB_.2F_Octave	MATLAB / Octave	% remove trailing whitespaces str = str(1:find(~isspace(str),1,'last')); % remove leading whitespaces str = str(find(~isspace(str),1):end); % removes leading and trailing whitespaces, vectorized version f = ~isspace(str); str = str(find(f,1,'first'):find(f,1,'last'); % a built-in function, removes leading and trailing whitespaces str = strtrim(str);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Mercury	Mercury	:- module top_and_tail. :- interface. :- import_module io. :- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det. :- implementation. :- import_module list, string. main(!IO) :- TestPhrase = "\t\r\n String with spaces \t\r\n ", io.format("leading ws removed: %s\n", [s(lstrip(TestPhrase))], !IO), io.format("trailing ws removed: %s\n", [s(rstrip(TestPhrase))], !IO), io.format("both removed: %s\b", [s(strip(TestPhrase))], !IO).
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Frink	Frink	test = "🐱abcdefg😾" n = 3 m = 2 println[substrLen[test, n, m]] println[right[test, -m]] println[left[test, -1]] pos = indexOf["c"] if pos != -1 println[substrLen[test, pos, m]] pos = indexOf[test, "cd"] if pos != -1 println[substrLen[test, pos, m]]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Gambas	Gambas	Public Sub Main() Dim sString As String = "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG" Print Mid(sString, 11, 5) 'Starting from n characters in and of m length Print Mid(sString, 17) 'Starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string Print Left(sString, -1) 'Whole string minus last character Print Mid(sString, InStr(sString, "B"), 9) 'Starting from a known character within the string and of m length Print Mid(sString, InStr(sString, "OVER"), 8) 'Starting from a known substring within the string and of m length End
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku	Sudoku	Task Solve a partially filled-in normal 9x9 Sudoku grid and display the result in a human-readable format. references Algorithmics of Sudoku may help implement this. Python Sudoku Solver Computerphile video.	#MATLAB	MATLAB	function solution = sudokuSolver(sudokuGrid) %Define what each of the sub-boxes of the sudoku grid are by defining %the start and end coordinates of each sub-box. The indecies represent %the column and row of a grid coordinate on the actual sudoku grid. %The contents of each cell with the same grid coordinates contain the %information to determine which sub-box that grid coordinate is %contained in on the sudoku grid. The array in position 1, i.e. %subBoxes{row,column}(1), represents the row indecies of the subbox. %The array in position 2, i.e. subBoxes{row,column}(2),represents the %column indecies of the subbox. subBoxes(1:9,1:9) = {{(1:3),(1:3)}}; subBoxes(4:6,:)= {{(4:6),(1:3)}}; subBoxes(7:9,:)= {{(7:9),(1:3)}}; for column = (4:6) for row = (1:9) subBoxes{row,column}(2)= {4:6}; end end for column = (7:9) for row = (1:9) subBoxes{row,column}(2)= {7:9}; end end %Generate a cell of arrays which contain the possible values of the %sudoku grid for each cell in the grid. The possible values a specific %grid coordinate can take share the same indices as the sudoku grid %coordinate they represent. %For example sudokuGrid(m,n) can be possibly filled in by the %values stored in the array at possibleValues(m,n). possibleValues(1:9,1:9) = { (1:9) }; %Filter the possibleValues so that no entry exists for coordinates that %have already been filled in. This will replace any array with an empty %array in the possibleValues cell matrix at the coordinates of a grid %already filled in the sudoku grid. possibleValues( ~isnan(sudokuGrid) )={[]}; %Iterate through each grid coordinate and filter out the possible %values for that grid point that aren't alowed by the rules given the %current values that are filled in. Or, if there is only one possible %value for the current coordinate, fill it in. solution = sudokuGrid; %so the original sudoku input isn't modified memory = 0; %contains the previous iterations possibleValues dontStop = true; %stops the while loop when nothing else can be reasoned about the sudoku while( dontStop ) %% Process of elimination deduction method while( ~isequal(possibleValues,memory) ) %Stops using the process of elimination deduction method when this deduction rule stops working memory = possibleValues; %Copies the current possibleValues into memory, for the above conditional on the next iteration. %Iterate through everything for row = (1:9) for column = (1:9) if isnan( solution(row,column) ) %If grid coordinate hasn't been filled in, try to determine it's value. %Look at column to see what values have already %been filled in and thus the current grid %coordinate can't be removableValues = solution( ~isnan(solution(:,column)),column ); %If there are any values that have been assigned to %other cells in the same column, filter those out %of the current cell's possiblValues if ~isempty(removableValues) for m = ( 1:numel(removableValues) ) possibleValues{row,column}( possibleValues{row,column}==removableValues(m) )=[]; end end %If the current grid coordinate can only atain one %possible value, assign it that value if numel( possibleValues{row,column} ) == 1 solution(row,column) = possibleValues{row,column}; possibleValues(row,column)={[]}; end end %end if if isnan( solution(row,column) ) %If grid coordinate hasn't been filled in, try to determine it's value. %Look at row to see what values have already %been filled in and thus the current grid %coordinate can't be removableValues = solution( row,~isnan(solution(row,:)) ); %If there are any values that have been assigned to %other cells in the same row, filter those out %of the current cell's possiblValues if ~isempty(removableValues) for m = ( 1:numel(removableValues) ) possibleValues{row,column}( possibleValues{row,column}==removableValues(m) )=[]; end end %If the current grid coordinate can only atain one %possible value, assign it that value if numel( possibleValues{row,column} ) == 1 solution(row,column) = possibleValues{row,column}; possibleValues(row,column)={[]}; end end %end if if isnan( solution(row,column) ) %If grid coordinate hasn't been filled in, try to determine it's value. %Look at sub-box to see if any possible values can be %filtered out. First pull the boundaries of the sub-box %containing the current array coordinate currentBoxBoundaries=subBoxes{row,column}; %Then pull the sub-boxes values out of the solution box = solution(currentBoxBoundaries{:}); %Look at sub-box to see what values have already %been filled in and thus the current grid %coordinate can't be removableValues = box( ~isnan(box) ); %If there are any values that have been assigned to %other cells in the same sub-box, filter those out %of the current cell's possiblValues if ~isempty(removableValues) for m = ( 1:numel(removableValues) ) possibleValues{row,column}( possibleValues{row,column}==removableValues(m) )=[]; end end %If the current grid coordinate can only atain one %possible value, assign it that value if numel( possibleValues{row,column} ) == 1 solution(row,column) = possibleValues{row,column}; possibleValues(row,column)={[]}; end end %end if end %end for column end %end for row end %stop process of elimination %% Check that there are no contradictions in the solved grid coordinates. %Check that each row at most contains one of each of the integers %from 1 to 9 if ~isempty( find( histc( solution,(1:9),1 )>1 ) ) solution = false; return end %Check that each column at most contains one of each of the integers %from 1 to 9 if ~isempty( find( histc( solution,(1:9),2 )>1 ) ) solution = false; return end %Check that each sub-box at most contains one of each of the integers %from 1 to 9 subBoxBins = zeros(9,9); counter = 0; for row = [2 5 8] for column = [2 5 8] counter = counter +1; %because the sub-boxes are extracted as square matricies, %we need to reshape them into row vectors so all of the %boxes can be input into histc simultaneously subBoxBins(counter,:) = reshape( solution(subBoxes{row,column}{:}),1,9 ); end end if ~isempty( find( histc( subBoxBins,(1:9),2 )>1 ) ) solution = false; return end %Check to make sure there are no grid coordinates that are not %filled in and have no possible values. [rowStack,columnStack] = find(isnan(solution)); %extracts the indicies of the unsolved grid coordinates if (numel(rowStack) > 0) for counter = (1:numel(rowStack)) if isempty(possibleValues{rowStack(counter),columnStack(counter)}) solution = false; return end end %if there are no more grid coordinates to be filed in then the %sudoku is solved and we can return the solution without further %computation elseif (numel(rowStack) == 0) return end %% Use the unique relative compliment of sets deduction method %Because no more information can be determined by the process of %ellimination we have to try a new method of reasoning. Now we will %look at the possible values a cell can take. If there is a value that %that grid coordinate can take but no other coordinates in the same row, %column or sub-box can take that value then we assign that coordinate %that value. keepGoing = true; %signals to keep applying rules to the current grid-coordinate because it hasn't been solved using previous rules dontStop = false; %if this method doesn't figure anything out, this will terminate the top level while loop [rowStack,columnStack] = find(isnan(solution)); %This will also take care of the case where the sudoku is solved counter = 0; %makes sure the loop terminates when there are no more cells to consider while( keepGoing && (counter < numel(rowStack)) ) %stop this method of reasoning when the value of one of the cells has been determined and return to the process of elimination method counter = counter + 1; row = rowStack(counter); column = columnStack(counter); gridPossibles = [possibleValues{row,column}]; coords = (1:9); coords(column) = []; rowPossibles = [possibleValues{row,coords}]; %extract possible values for everything in the same row except the current grid coordinate totalMatches = zeros( numel(gridPossibles),1 ); %preallocate for speed %count how many times a possible value for the current cell %appears as a possible value for the cells in the same row for n = ( 1:numel(gridPossibles) ) totalMatches(n) = sum( (rowPossibles == gridPossibles(n)) ); end %remove any possible values for the current cell that have %matches in other cells gridPossibles = gridPossibles(totalMatches==0); %if there is only one possible value that the current cell can %take that aren't shared by other cells, assign that value to %the current cell. if numel(gridPossibles) == 1 solution(row,column) = gridPossibles; possibleValues(row,column)={[]}; keepGoing = false; %stop this method of deduction and return to the process of elimination dontStop = true; %keep the top level loop going end if(keepGoing) %do the same as above but for the current cell's column gridPossibles = [possibleValues{row,column}]; coords = (1:9); coords(row) = []; columnPossibles = [possibleValues{coords,column}]; totalMatches = zeros( numel(gridPossibles),1 ); for n = ( 1:numel(gridPossibles) ) totalMatches(n) = sum( (columnPossibles == gridPossibles(n)) ); end gridPossibles = gridPossibles(totalMatches==0); if numel(gridPossibles) == 1 solution(row,column) = gridPossibles; possibleValues(row,column)={[]}; keepGoing = false; dontStop = true; end end if(keepGoing) %do the same as above but for the current cell's sub-box gridPossibles = [possibleValues{row,column}]; currentBoxBoundaries = subBoxes{row,column}; subBoxPossibles = []; for m = currentBoxBoundaries{1} for n = currentBoxBoundaries{2} if ~((m == row) && (n == column)) subBoxPossibles = [subBoxPossibles possibleValues{m,n}]; end end end totalMatches = zeros( numel(gridPossibles),1 ); for n = ( 1:numel(gridPossibles) ) totalMatches(n) = sum( (subBoxPossibles == gridPossibles(n)) ); end gridPossibles = gridPossibles(totalMatches==0); if numel(gridPossibles) == 1 solution(row,column) = gridPossibles; possibleValues(row,column)={[]}; keepGoing = false; dontStop = true; end end %end end %end set comliment rule while loop end %end top-level while loop %% Depth-first search of the solution tree %There is no more reasoning that can solve the puzzle so now it is time %for a depth-first search of the possible answers, basically %guess-and-check. This is implimented recursively. [rowStack,columnStack] = find(isnan(solution)); %Get all of the unsolved cells if (numel(rowStack) > 0) %If all of the above stuff terminates then there will be at least one grid coordinate not filled in %Treat the rowStack and columnStack like stacks, and pop the top %value off the stack to act as the current node whose %possibleValues to search through, then assign the possible values %of that grid coordinate to a variable that holds that values to %search through searchTreeNodes = possibleValues{rowStack(1),columnStack(1)}; keepSearching = true; %used to continue the search counter = 0; %counts the amount of possible values searched for the current node tempSolution = solution; %used so that the solution is not overriden until a solution hase been found while( keepSearching && (counter < numel(searchTreeNodes)) ) %stop recursing if we run out of possible values for the current node counter = counter + 1; tempSolution(rowStack(1),columnStack(1)) = searchTreeNodes(counter); %assign a possible value to the current node in the tree tempSolution = sudokuSolver(tempSolution); %recursively call the solver with the current guess value for the current grid coordinate if ~islogical(tempSolution) %if tempSolution is not a boolean but a valid sudoku stop recursing and set solution to tempSolution keepSearching = false; solution = tempSolution; elseif counter == numel(searchTreeNodes) %if we have run out of guesses for the current node, stop recursing and return a value of "false" for the solution solution = false; else %reset tempSolution to the current state of the board and try the next guess for the possible value of the current cell tempSolution = solution; end end %end recursion end %end if %% End of program end %end sudokuSolver
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Subleq	Subleq	Subleq is an example of a One-Instruction Set Computer (OISC). It is named after its only instruction, which is SUbtract and Branch if Less than or EQual to zero. Task Your task is to create an interpreter which emulates a SUBLEQ machine. The machine's memory consists of an array of signed integers. These integers may be interpreted in three ways: simple numeric values memory addresses characters for input or output Any reasonable word size that accommodates all three of the above uses is fine. The program should load the initial contents of the emulated machine's memory, set the instruction pointer to the first address (which is defined to be address 0), and begin emulating the machine, which works as follows: Let A be the value in the memory location identified by the instruction pointer; let B and C be the values stored in the next two consecutive addresses in memory. Advance the instruction pointer three words, to point at the address after the address containing C. If A is -1 (negative unity), then a character is read from the machine's input and its numeric value stored in the address given by B. C is unused. If B is -1 (negative unity), then the number contained in the address given by A is interpreted as a character and written to the machine's output. C is unused. Otherwise, both A and B are treated as addresses. The number contained in address A is subtracted from the number in address B (and the difference left in address B). If the result is positive, execution continues uninterrupted; if the result is zero or negative, the number in C becomes the new instruction pointer. If the instruction pointer becomes negative, execution halts. Your solution may initialize the emulated machine's memory in any convenient manner, but if you accept it as input, it should be a separate input stream from the one fed to the emulated machine once it is running. And if fed as text input, it should be in the form of raw subleq "machine code" - whitespace-separated decimal numbers, with no symbolic names or other assembly-level extensions, to be loaded into memory starting at address 0 (zero). For purposes of this task, show the output of your solution when fed the below "Hello, world!" program. As written, this example assumes ASCII or a superset of it, such as any of the Latin-N character sets or Unicode; you may translate the numbers representing characters (starting with 72=ASCII 'H') into another character set if your implementation runs in a non-ASCII-compatible environment. If 0 is not an appropriate terminator in your character set, the program logic will need some adjustment as well. 15 17 -1 17 -1 -1 16 1 -1 16 3 -1 15 15 0 0 -1 72 101 108 108 111 44 32 119 111 114 108 100 33 10 0 The above "machine code" corresponds to something like this in a hypothetical assembler language for a signed 8-bit version of the machine: start: 0f 11 ff subleq (zero), (message), -1 11 ff ff subleq (message), -1, -1 ; output character at message 10 01 ff subleq (neg1), (start+1), -1 10 03 ff subleq (neg1), (start+3), -1 0f 0f 00 subleq (zero), (zero), start ; useful constants zero: 00 .data 0 neg1: ff .data -1 ; the message to print message: .data "Hello, world!\n\0" 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 0a 00	#R	R	mem <- c(15, 17, -1, 17, -1, -1, 16, 1, -1, 16, 3, -1, 15, 15, 0, 0, -1, 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119, 111, 114, 108, 100, 33, 10, 0) getFromMemory <- function(addr) { mem[[addr + 1]] } # because first element in mem is mem[[1]] setMemory <- function(addr, value) { mem[[addr + 1]] <<- value } subMemory <- function(x, y) { setMemory(x, getFromMemory(x) - getFromMemory(y)) } instructionPointer <- 0 while (instructionPointer >= 0) { a <- getFromMemory(instructionPointer) b <- getFromMemory(instructionPointer + 1) c <- getFromMemory(instructionPointer + 2) if (b == -1) { cat(rawToChar(as.raw(getFromMemory(a)))) } else { subMemory(b, a) if (getFromMemory(b) < 1) { instructionPointer <- getFromMemory(instructionPointer + 2) next } } instructionPointer <- instructionPointer + 3 }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#MATLAB_.2F_Octave	MATLAB / Octave	% String with first character removed str(2:end) % String with last character removed str(1:end-1) % String with both the first and last characters removed str(2:end-1)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#MiniScript	MiniScript	test = "This thing" print test[1:] print test[:-1] print test[1:-1]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#Maxima	Maxima	lreduce("+", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]); 36 lreduce("*", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]); 40320
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#MAXScript	MAXScript	arr = #(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) sum = 0 for i in arr do sum += i product = 1 for i in arr do product *= i
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#Java	Java	public class Sum{ public static double f(double x){ return 1/(x*x); } public static void main(String[] args){ double start = 1; double end = 1000; double sum = 0; for(double x = start;x <= end;x++) sum += f(x); System.out.println("Sum of f(x) from " + start + " to " + end +" is " + sum); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Scala	Scala	object StripComments { def stripComments1(s:String, markers:String =";#")=s takeWhile (!markers.contains(_)) trim // using regex and pattern matching def stripComments2(s:String, markers:String =";#")={ val R=("(.?)[" + markers + "].").r (s match { case R(line) => line case _ => s }) trim } def print(s:String)={ println("'"+s+"' =>") println(" '"+stripComments1(s)+"'") println(" '"+stripComments2(s)+"'") } def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { print("apples, pears # and bananas") print("apples, pears ; and bananas") } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Scheme	Scheme	(use-modules (ice-9 regex)) (define (strip-comments s) (regexp-substitute #f (string-match "[ \t\r\n\v\f][#;]." s) 'pre "" 'post)) (display (strip-comments "apples, pears # and bananas"))(newline) (display (strip-comments "apples, pears ; and bananas"))(newline)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_block_comments	Strip block comments	A block comment begins with a beginning delimiter and ends with a ending delimiter, including the delimiters. These delimiters are often multi-character sequences. Task Strip block comments from program text (of a programming language much like classic C). Your demos should at least handle simple, non-nested and multi-line block comment delimiters. The block comment delimiters are the two-character sequences: /* (beginning delimiter) / (ending delimiter) Sample text for stripping: /* * Some comments * longer comments here that we can parse. * * Rahoo / function subroutine() { a = / inline comment / b + c ; } // <-- tricky comments / /* * Another comment. */ function something() { } Extra credit Ensure that the stripping code is not hard-coded to the particular delimiters described above, but instead allows the caller to specify them. (If your language supports them, optional parameters may be useful for this.) Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#zkl	zkl	fcn stripper(text, a="/", b="/"){ while(xy:=text.span(a,b,True)){ x,y:=xy; text=text[0,x] + text[x+y,*] } text }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#J	J	require 'printf' 'Mary had a %s lamb.' sprintf <'little' Mary had a little lamb. require 'strings' ('%s';'little') stringreplace 'Mary had a %s lamb.' Mary had a little lamb. 'Mary had a %s lamb.' rplc '%s';'little' Mary had a little lamb.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Java	Java	String original = "Mary had a X lamb"; String little = "little"; String replaced = original.replace("X", little); //does not change the original String System.out.println(replaced); //Alternative: System.out.printf("Mary had a %s lamb.", little); //Alternative: String formatted = String.format("Mary had a %s lamb.", little); System.out.println(formatted);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#jq	jq	def stripchars(string; banish): (string \| explode) - (banish \| explode) \| implode;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Julia	Julia	stripChar = (s, r) -> replace(s, Regex("[$r]") => "")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Seed7	Seed7	$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; const proc: main is func local var string: s is "world!"; begin s := "Hello " & s; writeln(s); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Sidef	Sidef	var str = 'llo!'; str.sub!(/^/, 'He'); say str;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#SNOBOL4	SNOBOL4	s = ', World!' OUTPUT = s = 'Hello' s END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Standard_ML	Standard ML	> val s="any text" ; val s = "any text": string > "prepended " ^ s; val it = "prepended any text": string
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Stata	Stata	sca s="Vita Brevis" sca s="Ars Longa "+s di s Ars Longa Vita Brevis
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Go	Go	package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { // Go language string comparison operators: c := "cat" d := "dog" if c == d { fmt.Println(c, "is bytewise identical to", d) } if c != d { fmt.Println(c, "is bytewise different from", d) } if c > d { fmt.Println(c, "is lexically bytewise greater than", d) } if c < d { fmt.Println(c, "is lexically bytewise less than", d) } if c >= d { fmt.Println(c, "is lexically bytewise greater than or equal to", d) } if c <= d { fmt.Println(c, "is lexically bytewise less than or equal to", d) } // Go is strongly typed and will not directly compare a value of string // type to a value of numeric type. // A case insensitive compare can be done with a function in the strings // package in the Go standard library: eqf := `when interpreted as UTF-8 and compared under Unicode simple case folding rules.` if strings.EqualFold(c, d) { fmt.Println(c, "equal to", d, eqf) } else { fmt.Println(c, "not equal to", d, eqf) } // Seeing that the built in operators work bytewise and the library // case folding functions interpret UTF-8, you might then ask about // other equality and inequality tests that interpret UTF-8. // Functions for this are not in the Go standard library but are in // the Go "sub repository" at golang.org/x/text. There is support // for Unicode normalization, collation tables, and locale sensitive // comparisons. }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#ECL	ECL	IMPORT STD; //Imports the Standard Library STRING MyBaseString := 'alphaBETA'; UpperCased := STD.str.toUpperCase(MyBaseString); LowerCased := STD.str.ToLowerCase(MyBaseString); TitleCased := STD.str.ToTitleCase(MyBaseString); OUTPUT (UpperCased); OUTPUT (LowerCased); OUTPUT (TitleCased);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Elena	Elena	import system'culture; public program() { string s1 := "alphaBETA"; // Alternative 1 console.writeLine(s1.lowerCase()); console.writeLine(s1.upperCase()); // Alternative 2 console.writeLine(s1.toLower(currentLocale)); console.writeLine(s1.toUpper(currentLocale)); console.readChar() }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Emacs_Lisp	Emacs Lisp	(defun string-contains (needle haystack) (string-match (regexp-quote needle) haystack)) (string-prefix-p "before" "before center after") ;=> t (string-contains "before" "before center after") ;=> 0 (string-suffix-p "before" "before center after") ;=> nil (string-prefix-p "center" "before center after") ;=> nil (string-contains "center" "before center after") ;=> 7 (string-suffix-p "center" "before center after") ;=> nil (string-prefix-p "after" "before center after") ;=> nil (string-contains "after" "before center after") ;=> 14 (string-suffix-p "after" "before center after") ;=> t
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#DataWeave	DataWeave	sizeOf("foo")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Dc	Dc	[256 / d 0<L 1 + ] sL 22405534230753963835153736737 d P A P lL x f
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_control_codes_and_extended_characters_from_a_string	Strip control codes and extended characters from a string	Task Strip control codes and extended characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve each of the following results: a string with control codes stripped (but extended characters not stripped) a string with control codes and extended characters stripped In ASCII, the control codes have decimal codes 0 through to 31 and 127. On an ASCII based system, if the control codes are stripped, the resultant string would have all of its characters within the range of 32 to 126 decimal on the ASCII table. On a non-ASCII based system, we consider characters that do not have a corresponding glyph on the ASCII table (within the ASCII range of 32 to 126 decimal) to be an extended character for the purpose of this task. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Python	Python	stripped = lambda s: "".join(i for i in s if 31 < ord(i) < 127) print(stripped("\ba\x00b\n\rc\fd\xc3"))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_control_codes_and_extended_characters_from_a_string	Strip control codes and extended characters from a string	Task Strip control codes and extended characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve each of the following results: a string with control codes stripped (but extended characters not stripped) a string with control codes and extended characters stripped In ASCII, the control codes have decimal codes 0 through to 31 and 127. On an ASCII based system, if the control codes are stripped, the resultant string would have all of its characters within the range of 32 to 126 decimal on the ASCII table. On a non-ASCII based system, we consider characters that do not have a corresponding glyph on the ASCII table (within the ASCII range of 32 to 126 decimal) to be an extended character for the purpose of this task. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Racket	Racket	#lang racket ;; Works on both strings (Unicode) and byte strings (raw/ASCII) (define (strip-controls str) (regexp-replace* #rx"[\0-\037\177]+" str "")) (define (strip-controls-and-extended str) (regexp-replace* #rx"[^\040-\176]+" str ""))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#FutureBasic	FutureBasic	window 1 CFStringRef s1, s2 s1 = @"any text value " print s1 s2 = fn StringByAppendingString( s1, @"another string literal" ) print s2 HandleEvents
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Gambas	Gambas	Public sub main() DIM bestclub AS String DIM myconcat AS String bestclub = "Liverpool" myconcat = bestclub & " Football Club" Print myconcat End
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#GlovePIE	GlovePIE	var.text1="Hello, " debug=var.text1+"world!"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#Objeck	Objeck	class SumMultiples { function : native : GetSum(n : Int) ~ Int { sum := 0; for(i := 3; i < n; i++;) { if(i % 3 = 0 \| i % 5 = 0) { sum += i; }; }; return sum; } function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { GetSum(1000)->PrintLine(); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#PARI.2FGP	PARI/GP	dsum(n,base)=my(s); while(n, s += n%base; n \= base); s
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Pascal	Pascal	Program Example45; { Program to demonstrate the SumOfSquares function. } Uses math; Var I : 1..100; ExArray : Array[1..100] of Float; begin Randomize; for I:=low(ExArray) to high(ExArray) do ExArray[i]:=(Random-Random)*100; Writeln('Max : ',MaxValue(ExArray):8:4); Writeln('Min : ',MinValue(ExArray):8:4); Writeln('Sum squares : ',SumOfSquares(ExArray):8:4); Writeln('Sum squares (b) : ',SumOfSquares(@ExArray[1],100):8:4); end.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Nemerle	Nemerle	def str = "\t\n\t A string with\nwhitespace\n\n\t "; WriteLine(str.TrimStart()); WriteLine(str.TrimEnd()); WriteLine(str.Trim()); // both ends at once, of course, internal whitespace is preserved in all 3
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#NetRexx	NetRexx	/* NetRexx / options replace format comments java crossref symbols nobinary runSample(arg) return -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method stripWhitespace(sstring, soption = 'BOTH') public static wsChars = getWhitspaceCharacterString() po1 = sstring.verify(wsChars) if po1 = 0 then do sstring = '' end else do po2 = sstring.length - (sstring.reverse().verify(wsChars) - 1) + 1 ss = sstring parse ss sl =(po1) sm =(po2) st if po1 <= 1 then sl = '' soption = soption.upper() select when 'BOTH'.abbrev(soption, 1) then sstring = sm when 'LEADING'.abbrev(soption, 1) then sstring = sm \|\| st when 'TRAILING'.abbrev(soption, 1) then sstring = sl \|\| sm otherwise sstring = sm end end return sstring -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /* * Create an array containing a useful subset of unicode whitespace characters * * @return an array of unicode whitespace characters * @see http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/category/index.htm / method getWhitspaceCharacters() public static returns Rexx[] wsChars = [ - / LINE SEPARATOR [Zi] / '\u2028', / PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR [Zp] / '\u2029', - / SPACE [Zs] / '\u0020', / NO-BREAK SPACE [Zs] / '\u00A0', - / OGHAM SPACE MARK [Zs] / '\u1680', / MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR [Zs] / '\u180E', - / EN QUAD [Zs] / '\u2000', / EM QUAD [Zs] / '\u2001', - / EN SPACE [Zs] / '\u2002', / EM SPACE [Zs] / '\u2003', - / THREE-PER-EM SPACE [Zs] / '\u2004', / FOUR-PER-EM SPACE [Zs] / '\u2005', - / SIX-PER-EM SPACE [Zs] / '\u2006', / FIGURE SPACE [Zs] / '\u2007', - / PUNCTUATION SPACE [Zs] / '\u2008', / THIN SPACE [Zs] / '\u2009', - / HAIR SPACE [Zs] / '\u200A', / NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE [Zs] / '\u202F', - / MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE [Zs] / '\u3000', / IDIOGRAPHIC SPACE [Zs] / '\u205F', - / BACKSPACE [Cc] / '\u0008', / CHARACTER TABULATION, HT [Cc] / '\u0009', - / LINE FEED (LF) [Cc] / '\u000A', / LINE TABULATION (VT) [Cc] / '\u000B', - / FORM FEED (FF) [Cc] / '\u000C', / CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) [Cc] / '\u000D', - / INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR [Cc] / '\u001C', / INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE [Cc] / '\u001D', - / INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO [Cc] / '\u001E', / INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE [Cc] / '\u001F', - / NEXT LINE (NEL) [Cc] / '\u0085', - / ZERO WIDTH SPACE [Cf] / '\u200B', / ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE [Cf] */ '\uFEFF' - ] return wsChars -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method getWhitspaceCharacterString() public static returns Rexx wsCharstring = '' loop wsChar over getWhitspaceCharacters() wsCharstring = wsCharstring \|\| wsChar end wsChar return wsCharstring -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method runSample(arg) public static sstrings = [ - ' \u0020 \u0009 \u000D\r \n \u2029\uFEFF1 String with white space. \t \r \n \u1680 ', - ' \t 2 String with white space. \t ', - '3 String with white space. \t', - ' \t 4 String with white space.', - '5 String with white space.', - '\u0020\u0009\u2029\uFEFF\u1680\u2006', - ' ', - '' - ] loop sstringO over sstrings sstringL = stripWhitespace(sstringO, 'l') sstringT = stripWhitespace(sstringO, 't') sstringB = stripWhitespace(sstringO) say ' Original string ['sstringO']' say ' strip leading ['sstringL']' say ' strip trailing ['sstringT']' say ' strip both ['sstringB']' say end sstringO return
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#GAP	GAP	LETTERS; # "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" LETTERS{[5 .. 10]}; # "EFGHIJ"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Go	Go	package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { s := "ABCDEFGH" n, m := 2, 3 // for reference fmt.Println("Index: ", "01234567") fmt.Println("String:", s) // starting from n characters in and of m length fmt.Printf("Start %d, length %d: %s\n", n, m, s[n : n+m]) // starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string fmt.Printf("Start %d, to end: %s\n", n, s[n:]) // whole string minus last character fmt.Printf("All but last: %s\n", s[:len(s)-1]) // starting from a known character within the string and of m length dx := strings.IndexByte(s, 'D') fmt.Printf("Start 'D', length %d: %s\n", m, s[dx : dx+m]) // starting from a known substring within the string and of m length sx := strings.Index(s, "DE") fmt.Printf(`Start "DE", length %d: %s`+"\n", m, s[sx : sx+m]) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku	Sudoku	Task Solve a partially filled-in normal 9x9 Sudoku grid and display the result in a human-readable format. references Algorithmics of Sudoku may help implement this. Python Sudoku Solver Computerphile video.	#Nim	Nim	{.this: self.} type Sudoku = ref object grid : array[81, int] solved : bool proc `$`(self: Sudoku): string = var sb: string = "" for i in 0..8: for j in 0..8: sb &= $grid[i * 9 + j] sb &= " " if j == 2 or j == 5: sb &= "\| " sb &= "\n" if i == 2 or i == 5: sb &= "------+------+------\n" sb proc init(self: Sudoku, rows: array[9, string]) = for i in 0..8: for j in 0..8: grid[9 * i + j] = rows[i][j].int - '0'.int proc checkValidity(self: Sudoku, v, x, y: int): bool = for i in 0..8: if grid[y * 9 + i] == v or grid[i * 9 + x] == v: return false var startX = (x div 3) * 3 var startY = (y div 3) * 3 for i in startY..startY + 2: for j in startX..startX + 2: if grid[i * 9 + j] == v: return false result = true proc placeNumber(self: Sudoku, pos: int) = if solved: return if pos == 81: solved = true return if grid[pos] > 0: placeNumber(pos + 1) return for n in 1..9: if checkValidity(n, pos mod 9, pos div 9): grid[pos] = n placeNumber(pos + 1) if solved: return grid[pos] = 0 proc solve(self: Sudoku) = echo "Starting grid:\n\n", $self placeNumber(0) if solved: echo "Solution:\n\n", $self else: echo "Unsolvable!" var rows = ["850002400", "720000009", "004000000", "000107002", "305000900", "040000000", "000080070", "017000000", "000036040"] var puzzle = Sudoku() puzzle.init(rows) puzzle.solve()
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Subleq	Subleq	Subleq is an example of a One-Instruction Set Computer (OISC). It is named after its only instruction, which is SUbtract and Branch if Less than or EQual to zero. Task Your task is to create an interpreter which emulates a SUBLEQ machine. The machine's memory consists of an array of signed integers. These integers may be interpreted in three ways: simple numeric values memory addresses characters for input or output Any reasonable word size that accommodates all three of the above uses is fine. The program should load the initial contents of the emulated machine's memory, set the instruction pointer to the first address (which is defined to be address 0), and begin emulating the machine, which works as follows: Let A be the value in the memory location identified by the instruction pointer; let B and C be the values stored in the next two consecutive addresses in memory. Advance the instruction pointer three words, to point at the address after the address containing C. If A is -1 (negative unity), then a character is read from the machine's input and its numeric value stored in the address given by B. C is unused. If B is -1 (negative unity), then the number contained in the address given by A is interpreted as a character and written to the machine's output. C is unused. Otherwise, both A and B are treated as addresses. The number contained in address A is subtracted from the number in address B (and the difference left in address B). If the result is positive, execution continues uninterrupted; if the result is zero or negative, the number in C becomes the new instruction pointer. If the instruction pointer becomes negative, execution halts. Your solution may initialize the emulated machine's memory in any convenient manner, but if you accept it as input, it should be a separate input stream from the one fed to the emulated machine once it is running. And if fed as text input, it should be in the form of raw subleq "machine code" - whitespace-separated decimal numbers, with no symbolic names or other assembly-level extensions, to be loaded into memory starting at address 0 (zero). For purposes of this task, show the output of your solution when fed the below "Hello, world!" program. As written, this example assumes ASCII or a superset of it, such as any of the Latin-N character sets or Unicode; you may translate the numbers representing characters (starting with 72=ASCII 'H') into another character set if your implementation runs in a non-ASCII-compatible environment. If 0 is not an appropriate terminator in your character set, the program logic will need some adjustment as well. 15 17 -1 17 -1 -1 16 1 -1 16 3 -1 15 15 0 0 -1 72 101 108 108 111 44 32 119 111 114 108 100 33 10 0 The above "machine code" corresponds to something like this in a hypothetical assembler language for a signed 8-bit version of the machine: start: 0f 11 ff subleq (zero), (message), -1 11 ff ff subleq (message), -1, -1 ; output character at message 10 01 ff subleq (neg1), (start+1), -1 10 03 ff subleq (neg1), (start+3), -1 0f 0f 00 subleq (zero), (zero), start ; useful constants zero: 00 .data 0 neg1: ff .data -1 ; the message to print message: .data "Hello, world!\n\0" 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 0a 00	#Racket	Racket	#lang racket (define (subleq v) (define (mem n) (vector-ref v n)) (define (mem-set! n x) (vector-set! v n x)) (let loop ([ip 0]) (when (>= ip 0) (define m0 (mem ip)) (define m1 (mem (add1 ip))) (cond [(< m0 0) (mem-set! m1 (read-byte)) (loop (+ ip 3))] [(< m1 0) (write-byte (mem m0)) (loop (+ ip 3))] [else (define v (- (mem m1) (mem m0))) (mem-set! m1 v) (if (<= v 0) (loop (mem (+ ip 2))) (loop (+ ip 3)))])))) (define Hello (vector 15 17 -1 17 -1 -1 16 1 -1 16 3 -1 15 15 0 0 -1 ; H e l l o , <sp> w o r l d ! \n 72 101 108 108 111 44 32 119 111 114 108 100 33 10 0)) (subleq Hello)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Subleq	Subleq	Subleq is an example of a One-Instruction Set Computer (OISC). It is named after its only instruction, which is SUbtract and Branch if Less than or EQual to zero. Task Your task is to create an interpreter which emulates a SUBLEQ machine. The machine's memory consists of an array of signed integers. These integers may be interpreted in three ways: simple numeric values memory addresses characters for input or output Any reasonable word size that accommodates all three of the above uses is fine. The program should load the initial contents of the emulated machine's memory, set the instruction pointer to the first address (which is defined to be address 0), and begin emulating the machine, which works as follows: Let A be the value in the memory location identified by the instruction pointer; let B and C be the values stored in the next two consecutive addresses in memory. Advance the instruction pointer three words, to point at the address after the address containing C. If A is -1 (negative unity), then a character is read from the machine's input and its numeric value stored in the address given by B. C is unused. If B is -1 (negative unity), then the number contained in the address given by A is interpreted as a character and written to the machine's output. C is unused. Otherwise, both A and B are treated as addresses. The number contained in address A is subtracted from the number in address B (and the difference left in address B). If the result is positive, execution continues uninterrupted; if the result is zero or negative, the number in C becomes the new instruction pointer. If the instruction pointer becomes negative, execution halts. Your solution may initialize the emulated machine's memory in any convenient manner, but if you accept it as input, it should be a separate input stream from the one fed to the emulated machine once it is running. And if fed as text input, it should be in the form of raw subleq "machine code" - whitespace-separated decimal numbers, with no symbolic names or other assembly-level extensions, to be loaded into memory starting at address 0 (zero). For purposes of this task, show the output of your solution when fed the below "Hello, world!" program. As written, this example assumes ASCII or a superset of it, such as any of the Latin-N character sets or Unicode; you may translate the numbers representing characters (starting with 72=ASCII 'H') into another character set if your implementation runs in a non-ASCII-compatible environment. If 0 is not an appropriate terminator in your character set, the program logic will need some adjustment as well. 15 17 -1 17 -1 -1 16 1 -1 16 3 -1 15 15 0 0 -1 72 101 108 108 111 44 32 119 111 114 108 100 33 10 0 The above "machine code" corresponds to something like this in a hypothetical assembler language for a signed 8-bit version of the machine: start: 0f 11 ff subleq (zero), (message), -1 11 ff ff subleq (message), -1, -1 ; output character at message 10 01 ff subleq (neg1), (start+1), -1 10 03 ff subleq (neg1), (start+3), -1 0f 0f 00 subleq (zero), (zero), start ; useful constants zero: 00 .data 0 neg1: ff .data -1 ; the message to print message: .data "Hello, world!\n\0" 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 0a 00	#Raku	Raku	my @hello-world = \|<15 17 -1 17 -1 -1 16 1 -1 16 3 -1 15 15 0 0 -1>, \|"Hello, world!\n\0".comb.map(.ord); sub run-subleq(@memory) { my $ip = 0; while $ip >= 0 && $ip < @memory { my ($a, $b, $c) = @memory[$ip..]; $ip += 3; if $a < 0 { @memory[$b] = getc.ord; } elsif $b < 0 { print @memory[$a].chr; } else { if (@memory[$b] -= @memory[$a]) <= 0 { $ip = $c; } } } } run-subleq @hello-world;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Neko	Neko	/** Subtring/Top-Tail in Neko */ var data = "[this is a test]" var len = $ssize(data) $print(data, "\n") $print($ssub(data, 1, len - 1), "\n") $print($ssub(data, 0, len - 1), "\n") $print($ssub(data, 1, len - 2), "\n")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Nemerle	Nemerle	using System; using System.Console; module RemoveChars { Main() : void { def str = "A string"; def end = str.Remove(str.Length - 1); // from pos to end def beg = str.Remove(0, 1); // start pos, # of chars to remove def both = str.Trim(array['*']); // with Trim() you need to know what char's you're removing WriteLine($"$str -> $beg -> $end -> $both"); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#min	min	(1 2 3 4 5) ((sum) (1 '* reduce)) cleave "Sum: $1\nProduct: $2" get-stack % puts
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#.D0.9C.D0.9A-61.2F52	МК-61/52	^ 1 ПE + П0 КИП0 x#0 18 ^ ИПD + ПD <-> ИПE * ПE БП 05 С/П
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#JavaScript	JavaScript	function sum(a,b,fn) { var s = 0; for ( ; a <= b; a++) s += fn(a); return s; } sum(1,1000, function(x) { return 1/(x*x) } ) // 1.64393456668156
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#sed	sed	#!/bin/sh # Strip comments echo "$1" \| sed 's/ [#;].$//g' \| sed 's/^ *//'
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Seed7	Seed7	$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; const func string: stripComment (in string: line) is func result var string: lineWithoutComment is ""; local var integer: lineEnd is 0; var integer: pos is 0; begin lineEnd := length(line); for pos range 1 to length(line) do if line[pos] in {'#', ';'} then lineEnd := pred(pos); pos := length(line); end if; end for; lineWithoutComment := line[.. lineEnd]; end func; const proc: main is func local var string: stri is "apples, pears # and bananas\n\ \apples, pears ; and bananas"; var string: line is "" begin writeln(stri); writeln("====>"); for line range split(stri, '\n') do writeln(stripComment(line)); end for; end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_comments_from_a_string	Strip comments from a string	Strip comments from a string You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. The task is to remove text that follow any of a set of comment markers, (in these examples either a hash or a semicolon) from a string or input line. Whitespace debacle: There is some confusion about whether to remove any whitespace from the input line. As of 2 September 2011, at least 8 languages (C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, sed, UNIX Shell) were incorrect, out of 36 total languages, because they did not trim whitespace by 29 March 2011 rules. Some other languages might be incorrect for the same reason. Please discuss this issue at Talk:Strip comments from a string. From 29 March 2011, this task required that: "The comment marker and any whitespace at the beginning or ends of the resultant line should be removed. A line without comments should be trimmed of any leading or trailing whitespace before being produced as a result." The task had 28 languages, which did not all meet this new requirement. From 28 March 2011, this task required that: "Whitespace before the comment marker should be removed." From 30 October 2010, this task did not specify whether or not to remove whitespace. The following examples will be truncated to either "apples, pears " or "apples, pears". (This example has flipped between "apples, pears " and "apples, pears" in the past.) apples, pears # and bananas apples, pears ; and bananas Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Sidef	Sidef	func strip_comment(s) { (s - %r'[#;].*').strip; } [" apples, pears # and bananas", " apples, pears ; and bananas", " apples, pears "].each { \|s\| say strip_comment(s).dump; };
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#JavaScript	JavaScript	var original = "Mary had a X lamb"; var little = "little"; var replaced = original.replace("X", little); //does not change the original string
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#jq	jq	"little" as $x \| "Mary had a \($x) lamb"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Kotlin	Kotlin	// version 1.0.6 fun stripChars(s: String, r: String) = s.replace(Regex("[$r]"), "") fun main(args: Array<String>) { println(stripChars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!", "aei")) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Lambdatalk	Lambdatalk	{S.replace (a\|e\|i) by // nothing in She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!} -> Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt!
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Swift	Swift	var str = ", World" str = "Hello \(str)" println(str)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Tcl	Tcl	set s "llo world" set s "he$s" puts $s
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#Ursa	Ursa	decl string s # set s to "world" set s "world" # prepend "hello " set s (+ "hello " s) # outputs "hello world" out s endl console
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#VBA	VBA	Function StringPrepend() Dim s As String s = "bar" s = "foo" & s Debug.Print s End Function
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_prepend	String prepend	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Prepend the string variable with another string literal. If your language supports any idiomatic ways to do this without referring to the variable twice in one expression, include such solutions. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variable.	#VBScript	VBScript	s = "bar" s = "foo" & s WScript.Echo s
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Harbour	Harbour	IF s1 == s2 ? "The strings are equal" ENDIF IF !( s1 == s2 ) ? "The strings are not equal" ENDIF IF s1 > s2 ? "s2 is lexically ordered before than s1" ENDIF IF s1 < s2 ? "s2 is lexically ordered after than s1" ENDIF
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Haskell	Haskell	> "abc" == "abc" True > "abc" /= "abc" False > "abc" <= "abcd" True > "abc" <= "abC" False > "HELLOWORLD" == "HelloWorld" False > :m +Data.Char > map toLower "ABC" "abc" > map toLower "HELLOWORLD" == map toLower "HelloWorld" True
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Elixir	Elixir	String.downcase("alphaBETA") # => alphabeta String.upcase("alphaBETA") # => ALPHABETA String.capitalize("alphaBETA") # => Alphabeta
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Elm	Elm	import String exposing (toLower, toUpper) s = "alphaBETA" lower = toLower s upper = toUpper s
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Erlang	Erlang	-module(character_matching). -export([starts_with/2,ends_with/2,contains/2]). %% Both starts_with and ends_with are mappings to 'lists:prefix/2' and %% 'lists:suffix/2', respectively. starts_with(S1,S2) -> lists:prefix(S2,S1). ends_with(S1,S2) -> lists:suffix(S2,S1). contains(S1,S2) -> contains(S1,S2,1,[]). %% While S1 is at least as long as S2 we check if S2 is its prefix, %% storing the result if it is. When S1 is shorter than S2, we return %% the result. NB: this will work on any arbitrary list in erlang %% since it makes no distinction between strings and lists. contains([_\|T]=S1,S2,N,Acc) when length(S2) =< length(S1) -> case starts_with(S1,S2) of true -> contains(T,S2,N+1,[N\|Acc]); false -> contains(T,S2,N+1,Acc) end; contains(_S1,_S2,_N,Acc) -> Acc.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#D.C3.A9j.C3.A0_Vu	Déjà Vu	!. len !encode!utf-8 "møøse" !. len !encode!utf-8 "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_control_codes_and_extended_characters_from_a_string	Strip control codes and extended characters from a string	Task Strip control codes and extended characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve each of the following results: a string with control codes stripped (but extended characters not stripped) a string with control codes and extended characters stripped In ASCII, the control codes have decimal codes 0 through to 31 and 127. On an ASCII based system, if the control codes are stripped, the resultant string would have all of its characters within the range of 32 to 126 decimal on the ASCII table. On a non-ASCII based system, we consider characters that do not have a corresponding glyph on the ASCII table (within the ASCII range of 32 to 126 decimal) to be an extended character for the purpose of this task. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Raku	Raku	my $str = (0..400).roll(80)».chr.join; say $str; say $str.subst(/<:Cc>/, '', :g); # unicode property: control character say $str.subst(/<-[\ ..~]>/, '', :g);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_control_codes_and_extended_characters_from_a_string	Strip control codes and extended characters from a string	Task Strip control codes and extended characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve each of the following results: a string with control codes stripped (but extended characters not stripped) a string with control codes and extended characters stripped In ASCII, the control codes have decimal codes 0 through to 31 and 127. On an ASCII based system, if the control codes are stripped, the resultant string would have all of its characters within the range of 32 to 126 decimal on the ASCII table. On a non-ASCII based system, we consider characters that do not have a corresponding glyph on the ASCII table (within the ASCII range of 32 to 126 decimal) to be an extended character for the purpose of this task. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#REXX	REXX	/REXX program strips all "control codes" from a character string (ASCII or EBCDIC). / z= 'string of ☺☻♥♦⌂, may include control characters and other ♫☼§►↔◄░▒▓█┌┴┐±÷²¬└┬┘ilk.' @=' !"#$%&''()+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{\|}~' $= do j=1 for length(z); _=substr(z, j, 1) /get a char from X one at a time. / if verify(_, @)==0 then $=$ \|\| _ /Is char in the @ list? Then use it./ end /j/ /stick a fork in it, we're all done. / say 'old = »»»'z"«««" /add ««fence»» before & after old text/ say 'new = »»»'$"«««" / " " " " " new " */
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Go	Go	package main import "fmt" func main() { // text assigned to a string variable s := "hello" // output string variable fmt.Println(s) // this output requested by original task descrption, although // not really required by current wording of task description. fmt.Println(s + " literal") // concatenate variable and literal, assign result to another string variable s2 := s + " literal" // output second string variable fmt.Println(s2) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Golfscript	Golfscript	"Greetings ":s; s"Earthlings"+puts s"Earthlings"+:s1; s1 puts
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#OCaml	OCaml	let sum_mults n = let sum = ref 0 in for i = 3 to (n - 1) do if (i mod 3) = 0 \|\| (i mod 5) = 0 then sum := !sum + i; done; !sum;; print_endline (string_of_int (sum_mults 1000));;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#Pascal	Pascal	Program SumOFDigits; function SumOfDigitBase(n:UInt64;base:LongWord): LongWord; var tmp: Uint64; digit,sum : LongWord; Begin digit := 0; sum := 0; While n > 0 do Begin tmp := n div base; digit := n-base*tmp; n := tmp; inc(sum,digit); end; SumOfDigitBase := sum; end; Begin writeln(' 1 sums to ', SumOfDigitBase(1,10)); writeln('1234 sums to ', SumOfDigitBase(1234,10)); writeln(' $FE sums to ', SumOfDigitBase($FE,16)); writeln('$FOE sums to ', SumOfDigitBase($F0E,16)); writeln('18446744073709551615 sums to ', SumOfDigitBase(High(Uint64),10)); end.

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