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pharaouk
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rosetta-code

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train · 79k rows

task_url stringlengths 30 116	task_name stringlengths 2 86	task_description stringlengths 0 14.4k	language_url stringlengths 2 53	language_name stringlengths 1 52	code stringlengths 0 61.9k
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Ruby	Ruby	irb(main):001:0> extra = 'little' => "little" irb(main):002:0> "Mary had a #{extra} lamb." => "Mary had a little lamb." irb(main):003:0> "Mary had a %s lamb." % extra => "Mary had a little lamb."
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#PureBasic	PureBasic	Procedure.s stripChars(source.s, charsToStrip.s) Protected i, ptrChar.Character, length = Len(source), result.s ptrChar = @source For i = 1 To length If Not FindString(charsToStrip, Chr(ptrChar\c)) result + Chr(ptrChar\c) EndIf *ptrChar + SizeOf(Character) Next ProcedureReturn result EndProcedure If OpenConsole() PrintN(stripChars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!", "aei")) Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit"): Input() CloseConsole() EndIf
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#PureBasic	PureBasic	Macro StrTest(Check,tof) Print("Test "+Check+#TAB$) If tof=1 : PrintN("true") : Else : PrintN("false") : EndIf EndMacro Procedure.b StrBool_eq(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(a$=b$) : EndProcedure Procedure.b StrBool_n_eq(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(a$<>b$) : EndProcedure Procedure.b StrBool_a(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(a$>b$) : EndProcedure Procedure.b StrBool_b(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(a$<b$) : EndProcedure Procedure.b NumBool_eq(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(Val(a$)=Val(b$)) : EndProcedure Procedure.b NumBool_n_eq(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(Val(a$)<>Val(b$)) : EndProcedure Procedure.b NumBool_a(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(Val(a$)>Val(b$)) : EndProcedure Procedure.b NumBool_b(a$,b$) : ProcedureReturn Bool(Val(a$)<Val(b$)) : EndProcedure Procedure Compare(a$,b$,cs.b=1,num.b=0) If Not cs : a$=UCase(a$) : b$=UCase(b$) : EndIf PrintN("a = "+a$) : PrintN("b = "+b$) If Not num : StrTest(" a=b ",StrBool_eq(a$,b$)) : Else : StrTest(" a=b ",NumBool_eq(a$,b$)) : EndIf If Not num : StrTest(" a<>b ",StrBool_n_eq(a$,b$)) : Else : StrTest(" a<>b ",NumBool_n_eq(a$,b$)) : EndIf If Not num : StrTest(" a>b ",StrBool_a(a$,b$)) : Else : StrTest(" a>b ",NumBool_a(a$,b$)) : EndIf If Not num : StrTest(" a<b ",StrBool_b(a$,b$)) : Else : StrTest(" a<b ",NumBool_b(a$,b$)) : EndIf EndProcedure If OpenConsole() PrintN("String comparison - ") a$="Abcd" : b$="abcd" PrintN(#CRLF$+"- case sensitive:") Compare(a$,b$) PrintN(#CRLF$+"- case insensitive:") Compare(a$,b$,0) a$="1241" : b$="222" PrintN(#CRLF$+"- num-string; lexically compared:") Compare(a$,b$) PrintN(#CRLF$+"- num-string; numerically compared:") Compare(a$,b$,1,1) Input() EndIf
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Julia	Julia	julia> uppercase("alphaBETA") "ALPHABETA" julia> lowercase("alphaBETA") "alphabeta"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#K	K	s:"alphaBETA" upper:{i:_ic x; :[96<i; _ci i-32;_ci i]}' lower:{i:_ic x; :[91>i; _ci i+32;_ci i]}' upper s "ALPHABETA" lower s "alphabeta"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#jq	jq	# startswith/1 is boolean: "abc" \| startswith("ab") #=> true
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#HicEst	HicEst	LEN("1 character == 1 byte") ! 21
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#MUMPS	MUMPS	STRCAT SET S="STRING" WRITE !,S SET T=S_" LITERAL" WRITE !,T QUIT
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Nanoquery	Nanoquery	s1 = "hello" println s1 + " world" s2 = s1 + " world" println s2
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#Q	Q	s35:{sum {?[(0=x mod 3) \| 0=x mod 5;x;0]} each 1+til x - 1} s35 each 10 100 1000 10000 1000000
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#Ring	Ring	see "sum digits of 1 = " + sumDigits(1) + nl see "sum digits of 1234 = " + sumDigits(1234) + nl func sumDigits n sum = 0 while n > 0.5 m = floor(n / 10) digit = n - m * 10 sum = sum + digit n = m end return sum
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Scala	Scala	def sum_of_squares(xs: Seq[Double]) = xs.foldLeft(0) {(a,x) => a + x*x}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Run_BASIC	Run BASIC	string$ = " abcdefg " print " Top:";trim$(string$+"\|") ' top left trim print "Bottom:";trim$("\|"+string$) ' bottom right trim print " Both:";trim$(string$) ' both left and right end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Rust	Rust	fn main() { let spaces = " \t\n\x0B\x0C\r \u{A0} \u{2000}\u{3000}"; let string_with_spaces = spaces.to_owned() + "String without spaces" + spaces; assert_eq!(string_with_spaces.trim(), "String without spaces"); assert_eq!(string_with_spaces.trim_left(), "String without spaces".to_owned() + spaces); assert_eq!(string_with_spaces.trim_right(), spaces.to_owned() + "String without spaces"); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Liberty_BASIC	Liberty BASIC	'These tasks can be completed with various combinations of Liberty Basic's 'built in Mid$()/ Instr()/ Left$()/ Right$()/ and Len() functions, but these 'examples only use the Mid$()/ Instr()/ and Len() functions. baseString$ = "Thequickbrownfoxjumpsoverthelazydog." n = 12 m = 5 'starting from n characters in and of m length Print Mid$(baseString$, n, m) 'starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string Print Mid$(baseString$, n) 'whole string minus last character Print Mid$(baseString$, 1, (Len(baseString$) - 1)) 'starting from a known character within the string and of m length Print Mid$(baseString$, Instr(baseString$, "f", 1), m) 'starting from a known substring within the string and of m length Print Mid$(baseString$, Instr(baseString$, "jump", 1), m)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku	Sudoku	Task Solve a partially filled-in normal 9x9 Sudoku grid and display the result in a human-readable format. references Algorithmics of Sudoku may help implement this. Python Sudoku Solver Computerphile video.	#Rascal	Rascal	import Prelude; import vis::Figure; import vis::Render; public rel[int,int,int] sudoku(rel[int x, int y, int v] sudoku){ annotated= annotateGrid(sudoku); solved = {<0,0,0,0,{0}>}; while(!isEmpty(solved)){ for (n <- [0 ..8]){ column = domainR(annotated, {n}); annotated -= column; annotated += reduceOptions(column); row = {<x,y,v,g,p> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- annotated, y==n}; annotated -= row; annotated += reduceOptions(row); grid1 = {<x,y,v,g,p> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- annotated, g==n}; annotated -= grid1; annotated += reduceOptions(grid1); } solved = {<x,y,v,g,p> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- annotated, size(p)==1}; annotated -= solved; annotated += {<x,y,getOneFrom(p),g,{[1 .. 9]}> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- solved}; } result = {<x,y,v> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- annotated}; return result; } //adds gridnumber and default set of options public rel[int,int,int,int,set[int]] annotateGrid(rel[int x, int y, int v] sudoku){ result = {}; for (<x, y, v> <- sudoku){ g = 0; if (x<3 && y<3) g = 0; if (2<x && x<6 && y<3) g = 1; if (x>5 && y<3) g = 2; if (x<3 && 2<y && y<6) g = 3; if (2<x && x<6 && 2<y && y<6) g = 4; if (x>5 && 2<y && y<6) g = 5; if (x<3 && y>5) g=6; if (2<x && x<6 && y>5) g=7; if (x>5 && y>5) g=8; result += <x,y,v,g,{[1 .. 9]}>; } return result; } //reduces set of options public rel[int,int,int,int,set[int]] reduceOptions(rel[int x, int y, int v, int g, set[int] p] subSudoku){ solved = {<x,y,v,g,p> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- subSudoku, v!=0}; numbers = {[1 .. 9]} - {v \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- solved}; remaining = {<x,y,v,g,numbers&p> \| <x,y,v,g,p> <- subSudoku-solved}; result = remaining + solved; return result; } //a function to visualize the result public void displaySudoku(rel[int x, int y, int v] sudoku){ points = [box(text("<v>"), align(0.111111(x+1),0.111111(y+1)),shrink(0.1)) \| <x,y,v> <- sudoku]; print(points); render(overlay([points], aspectRatio(1.0))); } //a sudoku public rel[int, int, int] sudokuA = { <0,0,3>, <1,0,9>, <2,0,4>, <3,0,0>, <4,0,0>, <5,0,2>, <6,0,6>, <7,0,7>, <8,0,0>, <0,1,0>, <1,1,0>, <2,1,0>, <3,1,3>, <4,1,0>, <5,1,0>, <6,1,4>, <7,1,0>, <8,1,0>, <0,2,5>, <1,2,0>, <2,2,0>, <3,2,6>, <4,2,9>, <5,2,0>, <6,2,0>, <7,2,2>, <8,2,0>, <0,3,0>, <1,3,4>, <2,3,5>, <3,3,0>, <4,3,0>, <5,3,0>, <6,3,9>, <7,3,0>, <8,3,0>, <0,4,6>, <1,4,0>, <2,4,0>, <3,4,0>, <4,4,0>, <5,4,0>, <6,4,0>, <7,4,0>, <8,4,7>, <0,5,0>, <1,5,0>, <2,5,7>, <3,5,0>, <4,5,0>, <5,5,0>, <6,5,5>, <7,5,8>, <8,5,0>, <0,6,0>, <1,6,1>, <2,6,0>, <3,6,0>, <4,6,6>, <5,6,7>, <6,6,0>, <7,6,0>, <8,6,8>, <0,7,0>, <1,7,0>, <2,7,9>, <3,7,0>, <4,7,0>, <5,7,8>, <6,7,0>, <7,7,0>, <8,7,0>, <0,8,0>, <1,8,2>, <2,8,6>, <3,8,4>, <4,8,0>, <5,8,0>, <6,8,7>, <7,8,3>, <8,8,5> };
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Racket	Racket	#lang racket (define str "ストリング") (substring str 1) (substring str 0 (sub1 (string-length str))) (substring str 1 (sub1 (string-length str)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#Plain_English	Plain English	An element is a thing with a number. To find a sum and a product of some elements: Put 0 into the sum. Put 1 into the product. Get an element from the elements. Loop. If the element is nil, exit. Add the element's number to the sum. Multiply the product by the element's number. Put the element's next into the element. Repeat. To make some example elements: If a counter is past 10, exit. Allocate memory for an element. Put the counter into the element's number. Append the element to the example. Repeat. A product is a number. To run: Start up. Make some example elements. Find a sum and a product of the example elements. Destroy the example elements. Write "Sum: " then the sum on the console. Write "Product: " then the product on the console. Wait for the escape key. Shut down. A sum is a number.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#Maxima	Maxima	(%i45) sum(1/x^2, x, 1, 1000); 835459384831496894781878542648[806 digits]396236858699094240207812766449 (%o45) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 508207201043258126178352922730[806 digits]886537101453118476390400000000 (%i46) sum(1/x^2, x, 1, 1000),numer; (%o46) 1.643934566681561
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Run_BASIC	Run BASIC	"a$ = Mary had a X lamb." a$ = word$(a$,1,"X")+"little"+word$(a$,2,"X") print a$
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Rust	Rust	fn main() { println!("Mary had a {} lamb", "little"); // You can specify order println!("{1} had a {0} lamb", "little", "Mary"); // Or named arguments if you prefer println!("{name} had a {adj} lamb", adj="little", name="Mary"); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Python	Python	>>> def stripchars(s, chars): ... return s.translate(None, chars) ... >>> stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!", "aei") 'Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt!'
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Python	Python	def compare(a, b): print("\n%r is of type %r and %r is of type %r" % (a, type(a), b, type(b))) if a < b: print('%r is strictly less than %r' % (a, b)) if a <= b: print('%r is less than or equal to %r' % (a, b)) if a > b: print('%r is strictly greater than %r' % (a, b)) if a >= b: print('%r is greater than or equal to %r' % (a, b)) if a == b: print('%r is equal to %r' % (a, b)) if a != b: print('%r is not equal to %r' % (a, b)) if a is b: print('%r has object identity with %r' % (a, b)) if a is not b: print('%r has negated object identity with %r' % (a, b)) compare('YUP', 'YUP') compare('BALL', 'BELL') compare('24', '123') compare(24, 123) compare(5.0, 5)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Kotlin	Kotlin	// version 1.0.6 fun main(args: Array<String>) { val s = "alphaBETA" println(s.toUpperCase()) println(s.toLowerCase()) println(s.capitalize()) println(s.decapitalize()) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Julia	Julia	startswith("abcd","ab") #returns true findfirst("ab", "abcd") #returns 1:2, indices range where string was found endswith("abcd","zn") #returns false match(r"ab","abcd") != Nothing #returns true where 1st arg is regex string for r in eachmatch(r"ab","abab") println(r.offset) end #returns 1, then 3 matching the two starting indices where the substring was found
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#HolyC	HolyC	U8 *string = "Hello, world!"; Print("%d\n", StrLen(string));
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Neko	Neko	/** String concatenation, in Neko Tectonics: nekoc string-concatenation.neko neko string-concatenation [addon] */ var arg = $loader.args[0] var addon if arg != null addon = $string(arg) var s = "abc" $print("s: ", s, "\n") var c = s + "def" $print("c: ", c, "\n") if arg != null { c += addon $print("addon: ", addon, "\n") $print("c: ", c, "\n") }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#Quackery	Quackery	[ dup 1+ * 2 / ] is triangulared ( n --> n ) [ 1 - dup 3 / triangulared 3 * over 5 / triangulared 5 * + swap 15 / triangulared 15 * - ] is sum-of-3s&5s ( n --> n ) 1000 sum-of-3s&5s echo cr 10 20 ** sum-of-3s&5s echo cr
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#Ruby	Ruby	def sum_digits(num, base = 10) = num.digits(base).sum
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Scheme	Scheme	(define (sum-of-squares l) (apply + (map * l l)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Seed7	Seed7	$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; include "float.s7i"; const array float: list1 is [] (3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 5.0, 9.0); const array float: list2 is 0 times 0.0; const func float: squaredSum (in array float: floatList) is func result var float: sum is 0.0; local var float: number is 0.0; begin for number range floatList do sum +:= number ** 2; end for; end func; const proc: main is func begin writeln(squaredSum(list1)); writeln(squaredSum(list2)); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Sather	Sather	class MAIN is ltrim(s :STR) :STR is i ::= 0; loop while!(i < s.size); if " \t\f\v\n".contains(s[i]) then i := i + 1; else break!; end; end; return s.tail(s.size - i); end; rtrim(s :STR) :STR is i ::= s.size-1; loop while!(i >= 0); if " \t\f\v\n".contains(s[i]) then i := i - 1; else break!; end; end; return s.head(i+1); end; trim(s :STR) :STR is return ltrim(rtrim(s)); end; main is p ::= " this is a string "; #OUT + ltrim(p).pretty + "\n"; #OUT + rtrim(p).pretty + "\n"; #OUT + trim(p).pretty + "\n"; end; end;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Scala	Scala	def trimLeft(str: String) = str dropWhile(_.isWhitespace) def trimRight(str: String) = str take (str.lastIndexWhere(!_.isWhitespace) + 1) def trimRight2(str: String) = trimLeft(str reverse) reverse def trim(str: String) = str trim def testTrim() = { val str = " \u001F String with spaces \t \n \r " println("original : \|" + str + "\|") println("trimLeft : \|" + trimLeft(str) + "\|") println("trimRight : \|" + trimRight(str) + "\|") println("trimRight2: \|" + trimRight2(str) + "\|") println("trim : \|" + trim(str) + "\|") }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Lingo	Lingo	str = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" -- starting from n characters in and of m length n = 5 m = 11 put str.char[n..n+m-1] -- "quick brown" -- starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string n = 11 put str.char[n..str.length] -- "brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" -- whole string minus last character put str.char[1..str.length-1] -- "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy do" -- starting from a known character within the string and of m length c = "x" m = 7 pos = offset(c, str) put str.char[pos..pos+m-1] -- "x jumps" -- starting from a known substring within the string and of m length sub = "fox" m = 9 pos = offset(sub, str) put str.char[pos..pos+m-1] -- "fox jumps"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku	Sudoku	Task Solve a partially filled-in normal 9x9 Sudoku grid and display the result in a human-readable format. references Algorithmics of Sudoku may help implement this. Python Sudoku Solver Computerphile video.	#REXX	REXX	;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Register And Flag Usage ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; 0 General purpose variable used for miscelaneous purposes ; 1 Current index (0-80) in the pseudo-recursion ; 2 Row (0-8) of current index ; 3 Column (0-8) of current index ; 4 Block # (0-8) of current index ; 5 Power of 10 of current column index ; 6 Value in the test solution at current index ; 7 Value of start clue at current index (0 if not set) ; 8 – 16 Starting row data ; 17 – 25 Current test solution ; 26 – 34 Flag matrix (bit set if digit used in a row/column/block) ; ; Flag 2 Indicates that a digit has been used in cur row/column/block ; Flag 3 Input to Subroutine B (whether to set or clear flags) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; setU(x) ; Set/clear flag matrix values (show that x is used in a row/column/block) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL D GSB 5 ; calc bit value we need to set/clear in existing row RCL 2 ; Get the current row index into x GSB B ; set flag matrix value and calc new bit value for the column RCL 3 ; Get the current column index into x GSB B ; set flag matrix values and calc new bit value for the block RCL 4 ; Get the current block index into x ; MUST IMMEDIATELY FOLLOW PRECEEDING SUBROUTINE ; utility subroutine for setting flag matrix values LBL B GSB 1 ; get the current flag matrix row at index x RCL 0 ; get temp register (holds the bit value we will be setting) F? 3 ; flag 3 indicates if we are setting or clearing the flag CHS ; if we are clearing, we will do a subtraction instead + ; set/clear the flag X<>Y ; bring the row index back into x 2 ; 26 is the starting register for the flag matrix 6 GSB 3 ; set I so that we are ready to store the new value STO (i) ; store the new value into the flag matrix RDN ; get rid of the new value to restore the stack 9 ; the next bit value will be 9 bits to the left + ; set the next bit index GTO 5 ; calculate the value with that bit set ; we GTO instead of GSB and it will do the RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; putA(x) ; Set the value x into the current row/column in the trial solution. ; Does it by subtracting the previous value and adding the new one. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 7 X<>6 ; swap new value with register that holds current value STO 0 ; store the old value in the temp register RCL 2 ; Get the current row index into x 1 ; 17 is the starting register for the current trial solution 7 GSB 3 ; Set the indirect register RCL (i) ; Get the current value for the entire row RCL 6 ; Get the new value RCL- 0 ; subtract the old value from the new value RCL* 5 ; shift the power of 10 to the appropriate column + ; add to the old value STO (i) ; store the new row value from where we got it RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; change(x) ; Increments or decrements the current position in the trial solution. ; Updates the registers containing the current row, column and block index, ; and the one with the power of 10 factor for the current column and others ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 6 STO+ 1 ; x holds +1 or -1; Register 1 is the current index RCL 1 ; get the current index (0 to 80) RCL 1 ; get the current index (0 to 80) 9 ; integer divide by 9 to get the row index (0 to 8) / ; no integer divide on 15c so do a floating point divide INT ; use the INT operator to finish of the integer divide STO 2 ; register 2 contains the current row index 9 * - ; col = index - 9 * row STO 3 ; register 3 contains the current column index 3 ; calculate the block index from the row & column indexes / ; TODO: save a couple of bytes in this section of code RCL 2 3 / INT 3 * + STO 4 ; register 4 holds the block index 8 ; now calculate the power of 10 of the current column RCL- 3 ; Get the digit (from right) based on the column 10^X ; calculate the exponent STO 5 ; save in register 5 which is used throughout the code RCL 2 ; get the current row 1 ; 17 is the start register of the current trial solution 7 GSB 4 ; extract the value at the current column STO 6 ; reg 6: the current trial value at the current row/column RCL 2 ; get the current row 8 ; 8 is the start register of the input data from the user GSB 4 ; extract the value at the current column STO 7 ; reg 7: starting value at the current row/column (0 if none) RTN ; Extract value at the current column from the matrix indirectly specified by x&y LBL 4 GSB 3 ; set the indirect register based on x & y RCL (i) ; get the row from the matrix passed in RCL / 5 ; shift the row to the right INT ; trim off the digits shifted to the right of the decimal 1 ; we will do a modulus 10 to extract the last digit 0 / ; do the equivalent of a mod 10 FRAC 1 0 * RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; main() ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL A CF 2 ; make sure flag 2 is unset - CLR REG does not do this CF 3 ; make sure flag 3 is unset - CLR REG does not do this 1 ; start with a index in register 1 of -1 (0 to 80) CHS ; that way we can start with an increment operation STO 1 ; and actually start at 0 where we want. LBL 2 ; set the flags to show the input values are set 1 ; go forward one position at a time GSB 6 ; go to the next position in the trial solution RCL 7 ; get the starting input value at this row/col GSB 7 ; set the value in the trial solution RCL 7 ; get starting input value because the last call destroyed it TEST 1 ; if > 0 then the user input a value for this row/col GSB D ; set the flags to indicate this value is set 8 ; 80 is the upper bound of the indexes (9x9 = 80 = 0:80) 0 RCL 1 ; get the current index TEST 6 ; if the current index hasn't reached 80 GTO 2 ; do the next value 1 ; reset the starting value CHS ; to -1 as we did at the beginning of the program STO 1 ; register 1 holds the current index LBL E ; main solution loop 8 ; when we reach the last index (80) we are done 0 RCL 1 ; register 1 holds the current index TEST 5 ; see if we are at the end RTN ; finished ; woohoo - we are done! 1 ; Go forward one spot GSB 6 ; Do the position increment RCL 7 ; get the starting input value at this row/col TEST 1 ; if it's > 0, the user specified a value here GTO E ; go forward, since this value was specified by the user GSB 7 ; Set the value in the trial solution LBL 8 9 ; check the possible digits in order 1-9. RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value TEST 5 ; Check to see if it is 9 GTO C ; If it is, backup one step 1 ; We weren't at 9 yet, so increment the value by 1 + GSB 7 ; Set the value in the trial solution RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value GSB 5 ; Calc 2^x-1 to get the bit mask CF 2 ; Clear the flag thats used as a return value RCL 2 ; Get the current row index into x GSB 9 ; see if the current value has already been used in the row F? 2 ; If number has been used in the block, try the next value GTO 8 RCL 3 ; Get the current column index into x GSB 9 ; see if current value has already been used in the column F? 2 ; If number has been used in the block, try the next value GTO 8 RCL 4 ; Get the current block index into x GSB 9 ; see if the current value has already been used in the block F? 2 ; If number has been used in the block, try the next value GTO 8 RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value GSB D ; set the flags to indicate this value is set GTO E ; move on to the next position in the puzzle LBL C ; Come here to back up to the previous position 1 ; We will go one spot backwards CHS GSB 6 ; Set the new current position and all temp values TEST 1 ; previous call leaves the starting value in X GTO C ; if value is > 0, it was set, backup one more spot RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value SF 3 ; flag 3: clear the flag matrix bits, instead of setting them GSB D ; Set/Clear the flag matrix bits CF 3 ; unset the 3 flag GTO 8 ; check the next digit LBL 9 GSB 1 ; get the appropriate row (x) from the flag matrix RCL / 0 ; divide by the temp register - right shifts value INT 2 ; if bit is set, fractional part will be non 0 when / 2 / FRAC TEST 1 ; if bit is set, set flag 2 which is used as a return value SF 2 RDN ; move the stack down to prepare the caller for the next call RDN ; move the stack down to prepare the caller for the next call 9 ; bit flags for row/col/block are << by 9 from each other + ; calculates the appropriate bit offset for the next call GTO 5 ; calc 2^x-1 to get the bit mask ; do a GTO instead of GSB and it will return for us ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; setPow2(x) ; Sets the utility temp register to 2^(x-1). Leaves x in place. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 5 STO 0 ; store the input X in the temp register 1 ; we want to subtract 1 from the exponent - ; calculate x-1 2 ; set the base as 2 X<>Y ; the y^x function wants x and y reversed y^x ; calculate the value X<>0 ; stuff result in temp register and restore the input x RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; getPart(x) ; Returns the integer representing the entire Xth row of the flag matrix ; Row numbers start at 0. ; returns value in x - input parameter x ends up in y ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 1 ENTER ENTER ; duplicate the parameter so we can leave it for the caller 2 ; 26 is the starting register for the flag matrix 6 GSB 3 ; set the indirect register to the row specified by x RCL (i) ; retrieve the entire row from the flag matrix RTN ; Set the indirect register and remove the parameters from the stack LBL 3 + ; x+y is the memory offset we want STO I ; put it in the indirect register RDN ; get rid of the sum from the stack RTN
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Raku	Raku	my $s = '𝄪♯♮♭𝄫'; print qq:to/END/; Original: $s Remove first character: { substr($s, 1) } { $s.substr(1) } Remove last character: { substr($s, 0, -1) } { $s.substr( 0, -1) } { $s.chop } Remove first and last characters: { substr($s, 1, -1) } { $s.substr(1, -1) } END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#Pop11	Pop11	lvars i, sum = 0, prod = 1, ar = {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}; for i from 1 to length(ar) do ar(i) + sum -> sum; ar(i) * prod -> prod; endfor;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#PostScript	PostScript	/sumandproduct { /x exch def /sum 0 def /prod 0 def /i 0 def x length 0 eq { } { /prod prod 1 add def x length{ /sum sum x i get add def /prod prod x i get mul def /i i 1 add def }repeat }ifelse sum == prod == }def
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#MAXScript	MAXScript	total = 0 for i in 1 to 1000 do ( total += 1.0 / pow i 2 ) print total
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#min	min	0 1 ( ((dup * 1 swap /) (id)) cleave ((+) (succ)) spread ) 1000 times pop print
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Scala	Scala	object StringInterpolation extends App { import util.matching.Regex._ val size = "little" { // Method I (preferred) // Scala 2.10.0 supports direct string interpolation // by putting "s" at the beginning of the string. println("V2.10+ : " + s"Mary had a $size lamb,") } { // Method II // Pre Scala 2.10 indirect use of Java Class Formatter val originalFormatter = "Mary had a %s lamb," println("V2.10- 1: " + originalFormatter format size) // Above mentioned is Scala's postfix notation and equivalent for: println("V2.10- 2: " + originalFormatter.format(size)) // Also possible printf(("V2.10- 3: " + originalFormatter + '\n').format(size)) // All will be expanded to print(("V2.10- 3: " + originalFormatter + '\n').format(size)) print((new java.util.Formatter).format("V2.10- 4: " + originalFormatter + '\n', size)) } { // Method III // Regular expressions, only for demonstration val extractor = """\$\{([^}]+)\}""".r println((extractor.replaceAllIn("Regex 1: Mary had a ${x} lamb,", "snow white"))) // RegEx freaking def interpolate(text: String, vars: (String, String)) = extractor.replaceAllIn(text, _ match { case Groups(v) => vars.toMap.getOrElse(v, "" /in case nothing provided*/ ) }) println(interpolate("Regex 2: ${who} had a ${size} ${pet}, ${unknown}", ("pet", "lamb"), ("size", "fat"), ("size", "humongous"), ("who", "Mary"))) } { // Method IV, not recommended. // Standard API method, search argument (1st ones) supposed to be a regular expression println("Replace1: " + "Mary had a ${x} lamb".replaceAll("""\$\{x\}""", size)) // Standard API method, literally, on regular expression println("Replace2: " + "Mary had a ${x} lamb".replaceAllLiterally("${x}", size)) } { // Method IV, not recommended. println("Split : " + "Mary had a ${x} lamb.".split("""\$\{([^}]+)\}""").mkString(size)) } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Quackery	Quackery	[ $ "" swap witheach [ upper join ] ] is upper$ ( $ --> $ ) [ $ "" swap witheach [ lower join ] ] is lower$ ( $ --> $ ) [ 0 swap witheach [ bit \| ] ] is ->set ( [ --> s ) [ bit & not ] is !in ( s c --> b ) [ $ "" unrot upper$ dup lower$ join ( omit this line for case-sensitive ) ->set swap witheach [ 2dup !in iff [ swap dip join ] else drop ] drop ] is strip$ ( $ $ --> $ ) $ "One is never alone with a rubber duck." dup echo$ cr $ "EIU" strip$ echo$ cr
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Racket	Racket	#lang racket ;; Using list operations (define (stripchars1 text chars) (list->string (remove* (string->list chars) (string->list text)))) ;; Using a regexp ;; => will be broken if chars have "-" or "]" or "\\" (define (stripchars2 text chars) (regexp-replace* (~a "[" chars "]+") text ""))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#QB64	QB64	Dim As String String1, String2 ' direct string comparison using case sensitive String1 = "GWbasic" String2 = "QuickBasic" If String1 = String2 Then Print String1; " is equal to "; String2 Else Print String1; " is NOT egual to "; String2 String1 = "gWbasic" String2 = "GWBasic" If String1 = String2 Then Print String1; " is equal to "; String2 Else Print String1; " is NOT egual to "; String2 ' direct string comparison using case insensitive If UCase$(String1) = UCase$(String2) Then Print String1; " is equal to "; String2; Else Print String1; " is NOT egual to "; String2; Print " case insensitive" String1 = "GwBasiC" String2 = "GWBasic" If LCase$(String1) = LCase$(String2) Then Print String1; " is equal to "; String2; Else Print String1; " is NOT egual to "; String2; Print " case insensitive" ' lexical order String1 = "AAAbbb" String2 = "AaAbbb" If String1 > String2 Then Print String1; " is after "; String2 Else Print String1; " is before "; String2 ' number in string format comparison String1 = "0123" String2 = "5" ' lexical order If String1 > String2 Then Print String1; " is after "; String2 Else Print String1; " is before "; String2 ' value order If Val(String1) > Val(String2) Then Print String1; " is bigger than "; String2 Else Print String1; " is lower "; String2 Print "QB64, like QBasic, has native coercive/allomorphic operators for string type variable" End
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Quackery	Quackery	/O> ( compare two strings for equality ) ... $ "abc" $ "xyz" = ... echo ( 0 = false, 1 = true ) ... 0 Stack empty. /O> ( compare two strings for inequality ) ... $ "abc" $ "xyz" != ... echo ( 0 = false, 1 = true ) ... 1 Stack empty. //O> ( compare two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before the other ) ... $ "abc" $ "xyz" $< ... echo ( 0 = false, 1 = true ) ... 1 Stack empty. /O> ( compare two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after the other ) ... $ "abc" $ "xyz" $> ... echo ( 0 = false, 1 = true ) ... 1 Stack empty. /O> ( for case insensitive, convert both strings to the same case ) ... [ $ "" swap witheach [ upper join ] ] is upper$ ( $ --> $ ) ... $ "AbC" upper$ $ "aBc" upper$ = ... echo ( 0 = false, 1 = true ) ... 1 Stack empty. /O> ( Numeric strings are not treated differently to other strings. ) ... ( Lexical ordering uses QACSFOT rather than ASCII/Unicode ordering. ) ( ) ... ( "Quackery Arbitrary Character Sequence For Ordered Text" ) ... ( 0123456789AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrS ) ... ( sTtUuVvWwXxYyZz()[]{}<>~=+-*/^\\|_.,:;?!'"`%@&#$ ) ... Stack empty.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Lambdatalk	Lambdatalk	{span {@ style="text-transform:lowercase"} alphaBETA } -> alphabeta {span {@ style="text-transform:uppercase"} alphaBETA } -> ALPHABETA
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Lasso	Lasso	// Direct string return 'alphaBETA'->uppercase& 'alphaBETA'->lowercase& // Assignment and manipulation of variables local(toupper = 'alphaBETA') #toupper->uppercase #toupper local(tolower = 'alphaBETA') #tolower->lowercase #tolower
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#K	K	startswith: {:[0<#p:_ss[x;y];~p;0]} endswith: {0=(-#y)+(#x)-_ss[x;y]} contains: {0<#_ss[x;y]}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Icon_and_Unicon	Icon and Unicon	length := *s
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Nemerle	Nemerle	using System; using System.Console; using Nemerle.Utility.NString; // contains method Concat() module Stringcat { Main() : void { def text1 = "This string has"; def cat1 = Concat( " ", [text, "been concatenated"]); def cat2 = text1 + " also been concatenated"; Write($"$cat1\n$cat2\n"); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#NetRexx	NetRexx	/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref savelog symbols s1 = 'any text value' s2 = 'another string literal' s3 = s1 s2 -- concatenate variables with blank space (note that only one blank space is added) s4 = s1 \|\| s2 -- concatenate variables with abuttal (here, no blank spaces are added) s5 = s1 'another string literal' -- concatenate a variable and a literal with blank space s6 = s1'another string literal' -- concatenate a variable and a literal using abuttal s7 = s1 \|\| 'another string literal' -- ditto say 's1:' s1 -- concatenation with blank space is employed here too say 's2:' s2 say 's3:' s3 say 's4:' s4 say 's5:' s5 say 's6:' s6 say 's7:' s7
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#R	R	m35 = function(n) sum(unique(c( seq(3, n-1, by = 3), seq(5, n-1, by = 5)))) m35(1000) # 233168
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#Rust	Rust	struct DigitIter(usize, usize); impl Iterator for DigitIter { type Item = usize; fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { if self.0 == 0 { None } else { let ret = self.0 % self.1; self.0 /= self.1; Some(ret) } } } fn main() { println!("{}", DigitIter(1234,10).sum::<usize>()); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Sidef	Sidef	func sum_of_squares(vector) { var sum = 0; vector.each { \|n\| sum += n**2 }; return sum; } say sum_of_squares([]); # 0 say sum_of_squares([1,2,3]); # 14
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Slate	Slate	{1. 2. 3} reduce: [\|:x :y\| y squared + x]. {} reduce: [\|:x :y\| y squared + x] ifEmpty: [0].
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Seed7	Seed7	$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; const proc: main is func local const string: testStri is " \t \r \n String with spaces \t \r \n "; begin writeln(ltrim(testStri)); writeln(rtrim(testStri)); writeln(trim(testStri)); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Sidef	Sidef	var s = " \t\v\r\n\ffoo bar \t\v\r\n\f"; say s.strip_beg.dump; # remove leading whitespaces say s.strip_end.dump; # remove trailing whitespaces say s.strip.dump; # remove both leading and trailing whitespace
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#LiveCode	LiveCode	put "pple" into x answer char 2 to char 5 of x // n = 2, m=5 answer char 2 to len(x) of x // n = 2, m = len(x), can also use -1 answer char 1 to -2 of x // n = 1, m = 1 less than length of string answer char offset("p",x) to -1 of x // known char "p" to end of string answer char offset("pl",x) to -1 of x // known "pl" to end of string
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Logo	Logo	to items :n :thing if :n >= count :thing [output :thing] output items :n butlast :thing end to butitems :n :thing if or :n <= 0 empty? :thing [output :thing] output butitems :n-1 butfirst :thing end to middle :n :m :thing output items :m-(:n-1) butitems :n-1 :thing end to lastitems :n :thing if :n >= count :thing [output :thing] output lastitems :n butfirst :thing end to starts.with :sub :thing if empty? :sub [output "true] if empty? :thing [output "false] if not equal? first :sub first :thing [output "false] output starts.with butfirst :sub butfirst :thing end to members :sub :thing output cascade [starts.with :sub ?] [bf ?] :thing end ; note: Logo indices start at one make "s "abcdefgh print items 3 butitems 2 :s ; cde print middle 3 5 :s ; cde print butitems 2 :s ; cdefgh print butlast :s ; abcdefg print items 3 member "d :s ; def print items 3 members "de :s ; def
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku	Sudoku	Task Solve a partially filled-in normal 9x9 Sudoku grid and display the result in a human-readable format. references Algorithmics of Sudoku may help implement this. Python Sudoku Solver Computerphile video.	#RPN_.28HP-15c.29	RPN (HP-15c)	;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Register And Flag Usage ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; 0 General purpose variable used for miscelaneous purposes ; 1 Current index (0-80) in the pseudo-recursion ; 2 Row (0-8) of current index ; 3 Column (0-8) of current index ; 4 Block # (0-8) of current index ; 5 Power of 10 of current column index ; 6 Value in the test solution at current index ; 7 Value of start clue at current index (0 if not set) ; 8 – 16 Starting row data ; 17 – 25 Current test solution ; 26 – 34 Flag matrix (bit set if digit used in a row/column/block) ; ; Flag 2 Indicates that a digit has been used in cur row/column/block ; Flag 3 Input to Subroutine B (whether to set or clear flags) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; setU(x) ; Set/clear flag matrix values (show that x is used in a row/column/block) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL D GSB 5 ; calc bit value we need to set/clear in existing row RCL 2 ; Get the current row index into x GSB B ; set flag matrix value and calc new bit value for the column RCL 3 ; Get the current column index into x GSB B ; set flag matrix values and calc new bit value for the block RCL 4 ; Get the current block index into x ; MUST IMMEDIATELY FOLLOW PRECEEDING SUBROUTINE ; utility subroutine for setting flag matrix values LBL B GSB 1 ; get the current flag matrix row at index x RCL 0 ; get temp register (holds the bit value we will be setting) F? 3 ; flag 3 indicates if we are setting or clearing the flag CHS ; if we are clearing, we will do a subtraction instead + ; set/clear the flag X<>Y ; bring the row index back into x 2 ; 26 is the starting register for the flag matrix 6 GSB 3 ; set I so that we are ready to store the new value STO (i) ; store the new value into the flag matrix RDN ; get rid of the new value to restore the stack 9 ; the next bit value will be 9 bits to the left + ; set the next bit index GTO 5 ; calculate the value with that bit set ; we GTO instead of GSB and it will do the RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; putA(x) ; Set the value x into the current row/column in the trial solution. ; Does it by subtracting the previous value and adding the new one. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 7 X<>6 ; swap new value with register that holds current value STO 0 ; store the old value in the temp register RCL 2 ; Get the current row index into x 1 ; 17 is the starting register for the current trial solution 7 GSB 3 ; Set the indirect register RCL (i) ; Get the current value for the entire row RCL 6 ; Get the new value RCL- 0 ; subtract the old value from the new value RCL* 5 ; shift the power of 10 to the appropriate column + ; add to the old value STO (i) ; store the new row value from where we got it RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; change(x) ; Increments or decrements the current position in the trial solution. ; Updates the registers containing the current row, column and block index, ; and the one with the power of 10 factor for the current column and others ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 6 STO+ 1 ; x holds +1 or -1; Register 1 is the current index RCL 1 ; get the current index (0 to 80) RCL 1 ; get the current index (0 to 80) 9 ; integer divide by 9 to get the row index (0 to 8) / ; no integer divide on 15c so do a floating point divide INT ; use the INT operator to finish of the integer divide STO 2 ; register 2 contains the current row index 9 * - ; col = index - 9 * row STO 3 ; register 3 contains the current column index 3 ; calculate the block index from the row & column indexes / ; TODO: save a couple of bytes in this section of code RCL 2 3 / INT 3 * + STO 4 ; register 4 holds the block index 8 ; now calculate the power of 10 of the current column RCL- 3 ; Get the digit (from right) based on the column 10^X ; calculate the exponent STO 5 ; save in register 5 which is used throughout the code RCL 2 ; get the current row 1 ; 17 is the start register of the current trial solution 7 GSB 4 ; extract the value at the current column STO 6 ; reg 6: the current trial value at the current row/column RCL 2 ; get the current row 8 ; 8 is the start register of the input data from the user GSB 4 ; extract the value at the current column STO 7 ; reg 7: starting value at the current row/column (0 if none) RTN ; Extract value at the current column from the matrix indirectly specified by x&y LBL 4 GSB 3 ; set the indirect register based on x & y RCL (i) ; get the row from the matrix passed in RCL / 5 ; shift the row to the right INT ; trim off the digits shifted to the right of the decimal 1 ; we will do a modulus 10 to extract the last digit 0 / ; do the equivalent of a mod 10 FRAC 1 0 * RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; main() ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL A CF 2 ; make sure flag 2 is unset - CLR REG does not do this CF 3 ; make sure flag 3 is unset - CLR REG does not do this 1 ; start with a index in register 1 of -1 (0 to 80) CHS ; that way we can start with an increment operation STO 1 ; and actually start at 0 where we want. LBL 2 ; set the flags to show the input values are set 1 ; go forward one position at a time GSB 6 ; go to the next position in the trial solution RCL 7 ; get the starting input value at this row/col GSB 7 ; set the value in the trial solution RCL 7 ; get starting input value because the last call destroyed it TEST 1 ; if > 0 then the user input a value for this row/col GSB D ; set the flags to indicate this value is set 8 ; 80 is the upper bound of the indexes (9x9 = 80 = 0:80) 0 RCL 1 ; get the current index TEST 6 ; if the current index hasn't reached 80 GTO 2 ; do the next value 1 ; reset the starting value CHS ; to -1 as we did at the beginning of the program STO 1 ; register 1 holds the current index LBL E ; main solution loop 8 ; when we reach the last index (80) we are done 0 RCL 1 ; register 1 holds the current index TEST 5 ; see if we are at the end RTN ; finished ; woohoo - we are done! 1 ; Go forward one spot GSB 6 ; Do the position increment RCL 7 ; get the starting input value at this row/col TEST 1 ; if it's > 0, the user specified a value here GTO E ; go forward, since this value was specified by the user GSB 7 ; Set the value in the trial solution LBL 8 9 ; check the possible digits in order 1-9. RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value TEST 5 ; Check to see if it is 9 GTO C ; If it is, backup one step 1 ; We weren't at 9 yet, so increment the value by 1 + GSB 7 ; Set the value in the trial solution RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value GSB 5 ; Calc 2^x-1 to get the bit mask CF 2 ; Clear the flag thats used as a return value RCL 2 ; Get the current row index into x GSB 9 ; see if the current value has already been used in the row F? 2 ; If number has been used in the block, try the next value GTO 8 RCL 3 ; Get the current column index into x GSB 9 ; see if current value has already been used in the column F? 2 ; If number has been used in the block, try the next value GTO 8 RCL 4 ; Get the current block index into x GSB 9 ; see if the current value has already been used in the block F? 2 ; If number has been used in the block, try the next value GTO 8 RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value GSB D ; set the flags to indicate this value is set GTO E ; move on to the next position in the puzzle LBL C ; Come here to back up to the previous position 1 ; We will go one spot backwards CHS GSB 6 ; Set the new current position and all temp values TEST 1 ; previous call leaves the starting value in X GTO C ; if value is > 0, it was set, backup one more spot RCL 6 ; Get the current trial solution value SF 3 ; flag 3: clear the flag matrix bits, instead of setting them GSB D ; Set/Clear the flag matrix bits CF 3 ; unset the 3 flag GTO 8 ; check the next digit LBL 9 GSB 1 ; get the appropriate row (x) from the flag matrix RCL / 0 ; divide by the temp register - right shifts value INT 2 ; if bit is set, fractional part will be non 0 when / 2 / FRAC TEST 1 ; if bit is set, set flag 2 which is used as a return value SF 2 RDN ; move the stack down to prepare the caller for the next call RDN ; move the stack down to prepare the caller for the next call 9 ; bit flags for row/col/block are << by 9 from each other + ; calculates the appropriate bit offset for the next call GTO 5 ; calc 2^x-1 to get the bit mask ; do a GTO instead of GSB and it will return for us ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; setPow2(x) ; Sets the utility temp register to 2^(x-1). Leaves x in place. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 5 STO 0 ; store the input X in the temp register 1 ; we want to subtract 1 from the exponent - ; calculate x-1 2 ; set the base as 2 X<>Y ; the y^x function wants x and y reversed y^x ; calculate the value X<>0 ; stuff result in temp register and restore the input x RTN ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; getPart(x) ; Returns the integer representing the entire Xth row of the flag matrix ; Row numbers start at 0. ; returns value in x - input parameter x ends up in y ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LBL 1 ENTER ENTER ; duplicate the parameter so we can leave it for the caller 2 ; 26 is the starting register for the flag matrix 6 GSB 3 ; set the indirect register to the row specified by x RCL (i) ; retrieve the entire row from the flag matrix RTN ; Set the indirect register and remove the parameters from the stack LBL 3 + ; x+y is the memory offset we want STO I ; put it in the indirect register RDN ; get rid of the sum from the stack RTN
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Raven	Raven	define println use $s $s print "\n" print "0123456789" as $str define offTheTop use $s $s 1 0x7FFFFFFF extract define offTheTail use $s $s 0 -1 extract $str offTheTop println $str offTheTail println $str offTheTop offTheTail println
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#REXX	REXX	/REXX program demonstrates removal of 1st/last/1st-and-last characters from a string./ @ = 'abcdefghijk' say ' the original string =' @ say 'string first character removed =' substr(@, 2) say 'string last character removed =' left(@, length(@) -1) say 'string first & last character removed =' substr(@, 2, length(@) -2) /stick a fork in it, we're all done. / /* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ However, the original string may be null or exactly one byte in length which ║ ║ will cause the BIFs to fail because of either zero or a negative length. ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#PowerShell	PowerShell	function Get-Sum ($a) { return ($a \| Measure-Object -Sum).Sum }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#Prolog	Prolog	sum([],0). sum([H\|T],X) :- sum(T,Y), X is H + Y. product([],1). product([H\|T],X) :- product(T,Y), X is H * X.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#MiniScript	MiniScript	zeta = function(num) return 1 / num^2 end function sum = function(start, finish, formula) total = 0 for i in range(start, finish) total = total + formula(i) end for return total end function print sum(1, 1000, @zeta)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#.D0.9C.D0.9A-61.2F52	МК-61/52	0 П0 П1 ИП1 1 + П1 x^2 1/x ИП0 + П0 ИП1 1 0 0 0 - x>=0 03 ИП0 С/П
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Sed	Sed	#!/bin/bash # Usage example: . interpolate "Mary has a X lamb" "quite annoying" echo "$1" \| sed "s/ X / $2 /g"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Seed7	Seed7	$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; const proc: main is func local const string: original is "Mary had a X lamb"; const string: little is "little"; var string: replaced is ""; begin replaced := replace(original, "X", little); writeln(replaced); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#SenseTalk	SenseTalk	put "little" into x put "Mary had a [[x]] lamb." -- this is a literal string put !"Mary had a [[x]] lamb." -- this is an interpolated string put put !"[[repeat with n=2 to 6]]Mary had [[n]] [[x]] lambs.[[return]][[end repeat]]" put !"Mary had [[repeat with n=2 to 6]][[n]] [[x]] [[end repeat]]lambs."
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Raku	Raku	sub strip_chars ( $s, $chars ) { return $s.trans( $chars.comb X=> '' ); } say strip_chars( 'She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!', 'aei' );
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Red	Red	stripchars: func [str chars] [trim/with str chars] stripchars "She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!" "aei"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#R	R	compare <- function(a, b) { cat(paste(a, "is of type", class(a), "and", b, "is of type", class(b), "\n")) if (a < b) cat(paste(a, "is strictly less than", b, "\n")) if (a <= b) cat(paste(a, "is less than or equal to", b, "\n")) if (a > b) cat(paste(a, "is strictly greater than", b, "\n")) if (a >= b) cat(paste(a, "is greater than or equal to", b, "\n")) if (a == b) cat(paste(a, "is equal to", b, "\n")) if (a != b) cat(paste(a, "is not equal to", b, "\n")) invisible() } compare('YUP', 'YUP') compare('BALL', 'BELL') compare('24', '123') compare(24, 123) compare(5.0, 5)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Lingo	Lingo	---------------------------------------- -- Lower to upper case (ASCII only) -- @param {string} str -- @return {string} ---------------------------------------- on toUpper (str) alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" len = str.length repeat with i = 1 to len pos = offset(str.char[i], alphabet) if pos > 0 then put alphabet.char[pos] into char i of str end repeat return str end ---------------------------------------- -- Upper to lower case (ASCII only) -- @param {string} str -- @return {string} ---------------------------------------- on toLower (str) alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" len = str.length repeat with i = 1 to len pos = offset(str.char[i], alphabet) if pos > 0 then put alphabet.char[pos] into char i of str end repeat return str end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#LiveCode	LiveCode	put upper("alphaBETA") && lower("alphaBETA") ALPHABETA alphabeta
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Kotlin	Kotlin	// version 1.0.6 fun main(args: Array<String>) { val s1 = "abracadabra" val s2 = "abra" println("$s1 begins with $s2 : ${s1.startsWith(s2)}") println("$s1 ends with $s2 : ${s1.endsWith(s2)}") val b = s2 in s1 print("$s1 contains $s2 : $b") if (b) println(" at locations ${s1.indexOf(s2) + 1} and ${s1.lastIndexOf(s2) + 1}") else println() }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#IDL	IDL	length = strlen("Hello, world!")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Io	Io	"møøse" sizeInBytes
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#NewLISP	NewLISP	(let (str1 "foo") (println str1) (let (str2 (string str1 "bar")) (println str2)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Nim	Nim	let str = "String" echo str & " literal." # -> String literal.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_multiples_of_3_and_5	Sum multiples of 3 and 5	Task The objective is to write a function that finds the sum of all positive multiples of 3 or 5 below n. Show output for n = 1000. This is is the same as Project Euler problem 1. Extra credit: do this efficiently for n = 1e20 or higher.	#Racket	Racket	#lang racket (require math) ;;; A naive solution (define (naive k) (for/sum ([n (expt 10 k)] #:when (or (divides? 3 n) (divides? 5 n))) n)) (for/list ([k 7]) (naive k)) ;;; Using the formula for an arithmetic sum (define (arithmetic-sum a1 n Δa) ; returns a1+a2+...+an (define an (+ a1 (* (- n 1) Δa))) (/ (* n (+ a1 an)) 2)) (define (analytical k) (define 10^k (expt 10 k)) (define (n d) (quotient (- 10^k 1) d)) (+ (arithmetic-sum 3 (n 3) 3) (arithmetic-sum 5 (n 5) 5) (- (arithmetic-sum 15 (n 15) 15)))) (for/list ([k 20]) (analytical k))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_digits_of_an_integer	Sum digits of an integer	Task Take a Natural Number in a given base and return the sum of its digits: 110 sums to 1 123410 sums to 10 fe16 sums to 29 f0e16 sums to 29	#Scala	Scala	def sumDigits(x:BigInt, base:Int=10):BigInt=sumDigits(x.toString(base), base) def sumDigits(x:String, base:Int):BigInt = x map(_.asDigit) sum
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#Smalltalk	Smalltalk	#(3 1 4 1 5 9) inject: 0 into: [:sum :aNumber \| sum + aNumber squared]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares	Sum of squares	Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of 0). Related task Mean	#SNOBOL4	SNOBOL4	define('ssq(a)i') :(ssq_end) ssq i = i + 1; ssq = ssq + (a<i> * a<i>) :s(sumsq)f(return) ssq_end * # Fill array, test and display str = '1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23'; a = array(10) loop i = i + 1; str len(p) span('0123456789') . a<i> @p :s(loop) output = str ' -> ' sumsq(a) end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Smalltalk	Smalltalk	String extend [ ltrim [ ^self replacingRegex: '^\s+' with: ''. ] rtrim [ ^self replacingRegex: '\s+$' with: ''. ] trim [ ^self ltrim rtrim. ] ] \|a\| a := ' this is a string '. ('"%1"' % {a}) displayNl. ('"%1"' % {a ltrim}) displayNl. ('"%1"' % {a rtrim}) displayNl. ('"%1"' % {a trim}) displayNl.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_whitespace_from_a_string/Top_and_tail	Strip whitespace from a string/Top and tail	Task Demonstrate how to strip leading and trailing whitespace from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to achieve the following three results: String with leading whitespace removed String with trailing whitespace removed String with both leading and trailing whitespace removed For the purposes of this task whitespace includes non printable characters such as the space character, the tab character, and other such characters that have no corresponding graphical representation. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#SNOBOL4	SNOBOL4	s1 = s2 = " Hello, people of earth! " s2 = CHAR(3) s2 CHAR(134) &ALPHABET TAB(33) . prechars &ALPHABET POS(127) RTAB(0) . postchars stripchars = " " prechars postchars * TRIM() removes final spaces and tabs: OUTPUT = "Original: >" s1 "<" OUTPUT = "With trim() >" REVERSE(TRIM(REVERSE(TRIM(s1)))) "<" * Remove all non-printing characters: OUTPUT = "Original: >" s2 "<" s1 POS(0) SPAN(stripchars) = OUTPUT = "Leading: >" s1 "<" s2 ARB . s2 SPAN(stripchars) RPOS(0) OUTPUT = "Trailing: >" s2 "<" s2 POS(0) SPAN(stripchars) = OUTPUT = "Full trim: >" s2 "<" END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring	Substring	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Display a substring: starting from n characters in and of m length; starting from n characters in, up to the end of the string; whole string minus the last character; starting from a known character within the string and of m length; starting from a known substring within the string and of m length. If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Logtalk	Logtalk	:- object(substring). :- public(test/5). test(String, N, M, Character, Substring) :- sub_atom(String, N, M, _, Substring1), write(Substring1), nl, sub_atom(String, N, _, 0, Substring2), write(Substring2), nl, sub_atom(String, 0, _, 1, Substring3), write(Substring3), nl, % there can be multiple occurences of the character once(sub_atom(String, Before4, 1, _, Character)), sub_atom(String, Before4, M, _, Substring4), write(Substring4), nl, % there can be multiple occurences of the substring once(sub_atom(String, Before5, _, _, Substring)), sub_atom(String, Before5, M, _, Substring5), write(Substring5), nl. :- end_object.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku	Sudoku	Task Solve a partially filled-in normal 9x9 Sudoku grid and display the result in a human-readable format. references Algorithmics of Sudoku may help implement this. Python Sudoku Solver Computerphile video.	#Ruby	Ruby	def read_matrix(data) lines = data.lines 9.times.collect { \|i\| 9.times.collect { \|j\| lines[i][j].to_i } } end def permissible(matrix, i, j) ok = [nil, 1..9] check = ->(x,y) { ok[matrix[x][y]] = nil if matrix[x][y].nonzero? } # Same as another in the column isn't permissible... 9.times { \|x\| check[x, j] } # Same as another in the row isn't permissible... 9.times { \|y\| check[i, y] } # Same as another in the 3x3 block isn't permissible... xary = [ (x = (i / 3) * 3) .. x + 2 ] #=> [0,1,2], [3,4,5] or [6,7,8] yary = [ (y = (j / 3) 3) .. y + 2 ] xary.product(yary).each { \|x, y\| check[x, y] } # Gathering only permitted one ok.compact end def deep_copy_sudoku(matrix) matrix.collect { \|row\| row.dup } end def solve_sudoku(matrix) loop do options = [] 9.times do \|i\| 9.times do \|j\| next if matrix[i][j].nonzero? p = permissible(matrix, i, j) # If nothing is permissible, there is no solution at this level. return if p.empty? # return nil options << [i, j, p] end end # If the matrix is complete, we have a solution... return matrix if options.empty? i, j, permissible = options.min_by { \|x\| x.last.length } # If there is an option with only one solution, set it and re-check permissibility if permissible.length == 1 matrix[i][j] = permissible[0] next end # We have two or more choices. We need to search both... permissible.each do \|v\| mtmp = deep_copy_sudoku(matrix) mtmp[i][j] = v ret = solve_sudoku(mtmp) return ret if ret end # We did an exhaustive search on this branch and nothing worked out. return end end def print_matrix(matrix) puts "Impossible" or return unless matrix border = "+-----+-----+-----+" 9.times do \|i\| puts border if i%3 == 0 9.times do \|j\| print j%3 == 0 ? "\|" : " " print matrix[i][j] == 0 ? "." : matrix[i][j] end puts "\|" end puts border end data = <<EOS 394__267_ ___3__4__ 5__69__2_ _45___9__ 6_______7 __7___58_ _1__67__8 __9__8___ _264__735 EOS matrix = read_matrix(data) print_matrix(matrix) puts print_matrix(solve_sudoku(matrix))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substring/Top_and_tail	Substring/Top and tail	The task is to demonstrate how to remove the first and last characters from a string. The solution should demonstrate how to obtain the following results: String with first character removed String with last character removed String with both the first and last characters removed If the program uses UTF-8 or UTF-16, it must work on any valid Unicode code point, whether in the Basic Multilingual Plane or above it. The program must reference logical characters (code points), not 8-bit code units for UTF-8 or 16-bit code units for UTF-16. Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP) are not required to handle all Unicode characters. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Ring	Ring	aString = "1Welcome to the Ring Programming Language2" see substr(aString,2,len(aString)-1) + nl + substr(aString,1,len(aString)-1) + nl + substr(aString,2,len(aString)-2) + nl
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_and_product_of_an_array	Sum and product of an array	Task Compute the sum and product of an array of integers.	#PureBasic	PureBasic	Dim MyArray(9) Define a, sum=0, prod=1 For a = 0 To ArraySize(MyArray()) ; Create a list of some random numbers MyArray(a) = 1 + Random(9) ; Insert a number [1...10] in current element Next For a = 0 To ArraySize(MyArray()) ; Calculate Sum and Product of this Array sum + MyArray(a) prod * MyArray(a) Next Debug "The sum is " + Str(sum) ; Present the results Debug "Product is " + Str(prod)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_a_series	Sum of a series	Compute the nth term of a series, i.e. the sum of the n first terms of the corresponding sequence. Informally this value, or its limit when n tends to infinity, is also called the sum of the series, thus the title of this task. For this task, use: S n = ∑ k = 1 n 1 k 2 {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k^{2}}}} and compute S 1000 {\displaystyle S_{1000}} This approximates the zeta function for S=2, whose exact value ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 6 {\displaystyle \zeta (2)={\pi ^{2} \over 6}} is the solution of the Basel problem.	#ML	ML	(* 1.64393456668 *) List.foldl op+ 0.0 (List.tabulate(1000, fn x => 1.0 / Math.pow(real(x + 1),2.0)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Sidef	Sidef	var extra = 'little'; say "Mary had a #{extra} lamb";
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_interpolation_(included)	String interpolation (included)	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Given a string and defined variables or values, string interpolation is the replacement of defined character sequences in the string by values or variable values. For example, given an original string of "Mary had a X lamb.", a value of "big", and if the language replaces X in its interpolation routine, then the result of its interpolation would be the string "Mary had a big lamb". (Languages usually include an infrequently used character or sequence of characters to indicate what is to be replaced such as "%", or "#" rather than "X"). Task Use your languages inbuilt string interpolation abilities to interpolate a string missing the text "little" which is held in a variable, to produce the output string "Mary had a little lamb". If possible, give links to further documentation on your languages string interpolation features. Note: The task is not to create a string interpolation routine, but to show a language's built-in capability. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#SNOBOL4	SNOBOL4	s1 = "Mary had a humongous lamb." s2 = "humongous" s3 = "little" s1 s2 = s3 end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Strip_a_set_of_characters_from_a_string	Strip a set of characters from a string	Task Create a function that strips a set of characters from a string. The function should take two arguments: a string to be stripped a string containing the set of characters to be stripped The returned string should contain the first string, stripped of any characters in the second argument: print stripchars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!","aei") Sh ws soul strppr. Sh took my hrt! Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#REXX	REXX	/REXX program removes a list of characters from a string (the haystack). / say stripChars('She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!', "iea") /elide: iea / exit /stick a fork in it, we're all done. / /──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────/ stripChars: procedure; parse arg haystack, remove do j=1 for length(remove) haystack=changestr( substr( remove, j, 1), haystack, '') end /j/ return haystack
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_comparison	String comparison	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Demonstrate how to compare two strings from within the language and how to achieve a lexical comparison. The task should demonstrate: Comparing two strings for exact equality Comparing two strings for inequality (i.e., the inverse of exact equality) Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language How the language handles comparison of numeric strings if these are not treated lexically Demonstrate any other kinds of string comparisons that the language provides, particularly as it relates to your type system. For example, you might demonstrate the difference between generic/polymorphic comparison and coercive/allomorphic comparison if your language supports such a distinction. Here "generic/polymorphic" comparison means that the function or operator you're using doesn't always do string comparison, but bends the actual semantics of the comparison depending on the types one or both arguments; with such an operator, you achieve string comparison only if the arguments are sufficiently string-like in type or appearance. In contrast, a "coercive/allomorphic" comparison function or operator has fixed string-comparison semantics regardless of the argument type; instead of the operator bending, it's the arguments that are forced to bend instead and behave like strings if they can, and the operator simply fails if the arguments cannot be viewed somehow as strings. A language may have one or both of these kinds of operators; see the Raku entry for an example of a language with both kinds of operators. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Racket	Racket	#lang racket ;; Comparing two strings for exact equality (string=? "foo" "foo") ;; Comparing two strings for inequality (not (string=? "foo" "bar")) ;; Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered before than the other (string<? "abc" "def") ;; Comparing two strings to see if one is lexically ordered after than the other (string>? "def" "abc") ;; How to achieve both case sensitive comparisons and case insensitive comparisons within the language (string-ci=? "foo" "FOO")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Logo	Logo	print uppercase "alphaBETA ; ALPHABETA print lowercase "alphaBETA ; alphabeta
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_case	String case	Task Take the string alphaBETA and demonstrate how to convert it to: upper-case and lower-case Use the default encoding of a string literal or plain ASCII if there is no string literal in your language. Note: In some languages alphabets toLower and toUpper is not reversable. Show any additional case conversion functions (e.g. swapping case, capitalizing the first letter, etc.) that may be included in the library of your language. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Lua	Lua	str = "alphaBETA" print( string.upper(str) ) print( string.lower(str) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_matching	String matching	Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic \| Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise \| Logical String Operations Concatenation \| Interpolation \| Comparison \| Matching Memory Operations Pointers & references \| Addresses Task Given two strings, demonstrate the following three types of string matching: Determining if the first string starts with second string Determining if the first string contains the second string at any location Determining if the first string ends with the second string Optional requirements: Print the location of the match for part 2 Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Ksh	Ksh	#!/bin/ksh exec 2> /tmp/String_matching.err # String matching # # 1. Determine if the first string starts with second string. # # 2. Determine if the first string contains the second string at any location # # 3. Determine if the first string ends with the second string # # 4. Print the location of the match for part 2 # # 5. Handle multiple occurrences of a string for part 2 # # Variables: # typeset -a bounds=( [0]="no Match" [1]="Starts with" [255]="Ends with" ) typeset -a string=( "Hello" "hello world" "William Williams" "Yabba dabba do" ) typeset -a substr=( "Hell" "Do" "abba" "Will" "orld" ) # # Functions: # # # Function _bounds(str, substr) - return 1 for starts with 255 for endswith # function _bounds { typeset _str ; _str="$1" typeset _sub ; _sub="$2" typeset _FALSE _STARTS _ENDS ; integer _FALSE=0 _STARTS=1 _ENDS=255 [[ "${_str}" == "${_sub}"* ]] && return ${_STARTS} [[ "${_str}" == "${_sub}" ]] && return ${_ENDS} return ${_FALSE} } # # Function _contains(str, substr) - return 0 no match arr[pos1 ... posn] # function _contains { typeset _str ; _str="$1" typeset _sub ; _sub="$2" typeset _arr ; nameref _arr="$3" typeset _FALSE _TRUE _i _match _buff ; integer _FALSE=0 _TRUE=1 _i _match [[ "${_str}" != "${_sub}"* ]] && return ${_FALSE} for ((_i=0; _i<=${#_str}-${#_sub}; _i++)); do _buff=${_str:${_i}:$((${#_str}-_i))} [[ ${_buff} != ${_buff#${_sub}} ]] && _arr+=( $(( _i+1 )) ) done return ${_TRUE} } ###### # main # ###### integer i j rc typeset -a posarr for ((i=0; i<${#string[]}; i++)); do for ((j=0; j<${#substr[]}; j++)); do _bounds "${string[i]}" "${substr[j]}" ; rc=$? print "${string[i]} ${bounds[rc]} ${substr[j]}" _contains "${string[i]}" "${substr[j]}" posarr ; rc=$? ((! rc)) && print "${string[i]} ${substr[j]} ${bounds[rc]}es" && continue print "${string[i]} + ${substr[j]} ${#posarr[]} matches at ${posarr[]}" unset posarr ; typeset -a posarr done done
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length	String length	Task Find the character and byte length of a string. This means encodings like UTF-8 need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters. By character, we mean an individual Unicode code point, not a user-visible grapheme containing combining characters. For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16. Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts. Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, not 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16. Please mark your examples with ===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===. If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with ===Grapheme Length===. For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#J	J	# 'møøse' 7
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#NS-HUBASIC	NS-HUBASIC	10 STRING$="HELLO" 20 STRING$=STRING$+" WORLD!" 30 PRINT STRING$
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation	String concatenation	String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operation, show the content of the variables. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet	#Objeck	Objeck	bundle Default { class Repeat { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { s := "hello"; s->PrintLine(); " literal"->PrintLine(); s->Append(" literal"); s->PrintLine(); } } }

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