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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/1 | Text processing/1 | This task has been flagged for clarification. Code on this page in its current state may be flagged incorrect once this task has been clarified. See this page's Talk page for discussion.
Often data is produced by one program, in the wrong format for later use by another program or person. In these situations another program can be written to parse and transform the original data into a format useful to the other. The term "Data Munging" is often used in programming circles for this task.
A request on the comp.lang.awk newsgroup led to a typical data munging task:
I have to analyse data files that have the following format:
Each row corresponds to 1 day and the field logic is: $1 is the date,
followed by 24 value/flag pairs, representing measurements at 01:00,
02:00 ... 24:00 of the respective day. In short:
<date> <val1> <flag1> <val2> <flag2> ... <val24> <flag24>
Some test data is available at:
... (nolonger available at original location)
I have to sum up the values (per day and only valid data, i.e. with
flag>0) in order to calculate the mean. That's not too difficult.
However, I also need to know what the "maximum data gap" is, i.e. the
longest period with successive invalid measurements (i.e values with
flag<=0)
The data is free to download and use and is of this format:
Data is no longer available at that link. Zipped mirror available here (offsite mirror).
1991-03-30 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
1991-03-31 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1 50.000 1 60.000 1 40.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 25.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1
1991-03-31 40.000 1 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2
1991-04-01 0.000 -2 13.000 1 16.000 1 21.000 1 24.000 1 22.000 1 20.000 1 18.000 1 29.000 1 44.000 1 50.000 1 43.000 1 38.000 1 27.000 1 27.000 1 24.000 1 23.000 1 18.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-02 8.000 1 9.000 1 11.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 27.000 1 26.000 1 27.000 1 33.000 1 32.000 1 31.000 1 29.000 1 31.000 1 25.000 1 25.000 1 24.000 1 21.000 1 17.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-03 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 15.000 1 24.000 1 28.000 1 24.000 1 18.000 1 14.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
Only a sample of the data showing its format is given above. The full example file may be downloaded here.
Structure your program to show statistics for each line of the file, (similar to the original Python, Perl, and AWK examples below), followed by summary statistics for the file. When showing example output just show a few line statistics and the full end summary.
| #Sidef | Sidef | var gaps = [];
var previous = :valid;
ARGF.each { |line|
var (date, *readings) = line.words...;
var valid = [];
var hour = 0;
readings.map{.to_n}.each_slice(2, { |slice|
var(reading, flag) = slice...;
if (flag > 0) {
valid << reading;
if (previous == :invalid) {
gaps[-1]{:end} = "#{date} #{hour}:00";
previous = :valid;
}
}
else {
if (previous == :valid) {
gaps << Hash(start => "#{date} #{hour}:00");
}
gaps[-1]{:count} := 0 ++;
previous = :invalid;
}
++hour;
})
say ("#{date}: #{ '%8s' % (valid ? ('%.3f' % Math.avg(valid...)) : 0) }",
" mean from #{ '%2s' % valid.len } valid.");
}
var longest = gaps.sort_by{|a| -a{:count} }.first;
say ("Longest period of invalid readings was #{longest{:count}} hours,\n",
"from #{longest{:start}} till #{longest{:end}}."); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Phixmonti | Phixmonti | include ..\Utilitys.pmt
( "A partridge in a pear tree."
"Two turtle doves, and"
"Three French hens,"
"Four calling birds,"
"Five gold rings,"
"Six geese a-laying,"
"Seven swans a-swimming,"
"Eight maids a-milking,"
"Nine ladies dancing,"
"Ten lords a-leaping,"
"Eleven pipers piping,"
"Twelve drummers drumming," )
( "first" "second" "third" "fourth" "fifth" "sixth"
"seventh" "eighth" "ninth" "tenth" "eleventh" "twelfth" )
10 tochar var cr
12 for >ps
tps get
"On the " swap " day of Christmas," cr "my true love gave to me:" 5 tolist lprint nl
swap
( ps> 1 -1 ) for
get ?
endfor
swap
nl
endfor |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #PHP | PHP |
<?php
header("Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
$days = array(
'first', 'second', 'third', 'fourth', 'fifth', 'sixth', 'seventh', 'eighth', 'ninth',
'tenth', 'eleventh', 'twelfth',
);
$gifts = array(
"A partridge in a pear tree",
"Two turtle doves",
"Three french hens",
"Four calling birds",
"Five golden rings",
"Six geese a-laying",
"Seven swans a-swimming",
"Eight maids a-milking",
"Nine ladies dancing",
"Ten lords a-leaping",
"Eleven pipers piping",
"Twelve drummers drumming"
);
$verses = [];
for ( $i = 0; $i < 12; $i++ ) {
$lines = [];
$lines[0] = "On the {$days[$i]} day of Christmas, my true love gave to me";
$j = $i;
$k = 0;
while ( $j >= 0 ) {
$lines[++$k] = $gifts[$j];
$j--;
}
$verses[$i] = implode(PHP_EOL, $lines);
if ( $i == 0 )
$gifts[0] = "And a partridge in a pear tree";
}
echo implode(PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL, $verses);
?>
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #ooRexx | ooRexx |
queue = .workqueue~new
input = .stream~new("jabberwocky.txt")
output = .output
reader = .filereader~new(input, queue)
writer = .filewriter~new(output, queue)
::class workQueue
::method init
expose queue stopped actionpending
queue = .queue~new
stopped = .false
actionPending = .false
-- add an item to the work queue. This is a
-- guarded method, which means this is a synchronized access
::method addItem guarded
expose queue actionPending
use arg item
-- add the item to the queue
queue~queue(item)
-- indicate there's something new. This is a condition variable
-- that any will wake up any thread that's waiting on access. They'll
-- be able to get access once we exit
actionPending = .true
-- another method for coordinating access with the other thread. This indicates
-- it is time to shut down
::method stop guarded
expose actionPending stopped
-- indicate this has been stopped and also flip the condition variable to
-- wake up any waiters
stopped = .true
actionPending = .true
-- read the next item off of the queue. .nil indicates we've reached
-- the last item on the queue. This is also a guarded method, but we'll use
-- the GUARD ON instruction to wait for work if the queue is currently empty
::method nextItem
expose queue stopped actionPending
-- we might need to loop a little to get an item
do forever
-- if there's something on the queue, pull the front item and return
if \queue~isEmpty then return queue~pull
-- if the other thread says it is done sending is stuff, time to shut down
if stopped then return .nil
-- nothing on the queue, not stopped yet, so release the guard and wait until
-- there's something pending to work on.
guard on when actionPending
end
-- one half of the synchronization effort. This will read lines and
-- add them to the work queue. The thread will terminate once we hit end-of-file
::class filereader
::method init
-- accept a generic stream...the data source need not be a file
use arg stream, queue
reply -- now multithreaded
signal on notready
loop forever
queue~addItem(stream~linein)
end
-- we come here on an EOF condition. Indicate we're done and terminate
-- the thread
notready:
queue~stop
-- the other end of this. This class will read lines from a work queue
-- and write it to a stream
::class filewriter
::method init
-- accept a generic stream...the data source need not be a file
use arg stream, queue
reply -- now multithreaded
loop forever
item = queue~nextItem
-- .nil means last item received
if item == .nil then return
-- write to the stream
stream~lineout(item)
end
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #Batch_File | Batch File | date /t
time /t |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #BBC_BASIC | BBC BASIC | PRINT TIME$ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_and_say_sequence | Summarize and say sequence | There are several ways to generate a self-referential sequence. One very common one (the Look-and-say sequence) is to start with a positive integer, then generate the next term by concatenating enumerated groups of adjacent alike digits:
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 1113122110, 311311222110 ...
The terms generated grow in length geometrically and never converge.
Another way to generate a self-referential sequence is to summarize the previous term.
Count how many of each alike digit there is, then concatenate the sum and digit for each of the sorted enumerated digits. Note that the first five terms are the same as for the previous sequence.
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 13123110, 23124110 ...
Sort the digits largest to smallest. Do not include counts of digits that do not appear in the previous term.
Depending on the seed value, series generated this way always either converge to a stable value or to a short cyclical pattern. (For our purposes, I'll use converge to mean an element matches a previously seen element.) The sequence shown, with a seed value of 0, converges to a stable value of 1433223110 after 11 iterations. The seed value that converges most quickly is 22. It goes stable after the first element. (The next element is 22, which has been seen before.)
Task
Find all the positive integer seed values under 1000000, for the above convergent self-referential sequence, that takes the largest number of iterations before converging. Then print out the number of iterations and the sequence they return. Note that different permutations of the digits of the seed will yield the same sequence. For this task, assume leading zeros are not permitted.
Seed Value(s): 9009 9090 9900
Iterations: 21
Sequence: (same for all three seeds except for first element)
9009
2920
192210
19222110
19323110
1923123110
1923224110
191413323110
191433125110
19151423125110
19251413226110
1916151413325110
1916251423127110
191716151413326110
191726151423128110
19181716151413327110
19182716151423129110
29181716151413328110
19281716151423228110
19281716151413427110
19182716152413228110
Related tasks
Fours is the number of letters in the ...
Look-and-say sequence
Number names
Self-describing numbers
Spelling of ordinal numbers
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Also see
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (defun count-and-say (str)
(let* ((s (sort (map 'list #'identity str) #'char>))
(out (list (first s) 0)))
(loop for x in s do
(if (char= x (first out))
(incf (second out))
(setf out (nconc (list x 1) out))))
(format nil "~{~a~^~}" (nreverse out))))
(defun ref-seq-len (n &optional doprint)
(let ((s (format nil "~d" n)) hist)
(loop (push s hist)
(if doprint (format t "~a~%" s))
(setf s (count-and-say s))
(loop for item in hist
for i from 0 to 2 do
(if (string= s item) (return-from ref-seq-len (length hist)))))))
(defun find-longest (top)
(let (nums (len 0))
(dotimes (x top)
(let ((l (ref-seq-len x)))
(if (> l len) (setf len l nums nil))
(if (= l len) (push x nums))))
(list nums len)))
(let ((r (find-longest 1000000)))
(format t "Longest: ~a~%" r)
(ref-seq-len (first (first r)) t)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #Raku | Raku | use Lingua::EN::Numbers;
my @primes = grep *.is-prime, ^Inf;
my @primesums = [\+] @primes;
say "{.elems} cumulative prime sums:\n",
.map( -> $p {
sprintf "The sum of the first %3d (up to {@primes[$p]}) is prime: %s",
1 + $p, comma @primesums[$p]
}
).join("\n")
given grep { @primesums[$_].is-prime }, ^1000; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #REXX | REXX | /*REXX pgm finds summation primes P, primes which the sum of primes up to P are prime. */
parse arg hi . /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if hi=='' | hi=="," then hi= 1000 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
call genP /*build array of semaphores for primes.*/
w= 30; w2= w*2%3; pad= left('',w-w2) /*the width of the columns two & three.*/
title= ' summation primes which the sum of primes up to P is also prime, P < ' ,
commas(hi)
say ' index │' center(subword(title, 1, 2), w) center('prime sum', w) /*display title.*/
say '───────┼'center("" , 1 + (w+1)*2, '─') /* " sep. */
found= 0 /*initialize # of summation primes. */
$= 0 /*sum of primes up to the current prime*/
do j=1 for hi-1; p= @.j; $= $ + p /*find summation primes within range. */
if \!.$ then iterate /*Is sum─of─primes a prime? Then skip.*/
found= found + 1 /*bump the number of summation primes. */
say right(j, 6) '│'strip( right(commas(p), w2)pad || right(commas($), w2), "T")
end /*j*/
say '───────┴'center("" , 1 + (w+1)*2, '─') /*display foot separator after output. */
say
say 'Found ' commas(found) title
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
commas: parse arg ?; do jc=length(?)-3 to 1 by -3; ?=insert(',', ?, jc); end; return ?
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
genP: !.= 0; sP= 0 /*prime semaphores; sP= sum of primes.*/
@.1=2; @.2=3; @.3=5; @.4=7; @.5=11 /*define some low primes. */
!.2=1; !.3=1; !.5=1; !.7=1; !.11=1 /* " " " " flags. */
#=5; sq.#= @.# **2 /*number of primes so far; prime². */
/* [↓] generate more primes ≤ high.*/
do j=@.#+2 by 2 until @.#>=hi & @.#>sP /*find odd primes where P≥hi and P>sP.*/
parse var j '' -1 _; if _==5 then iterate /*J ÷ by 5? (right digit)*/
if j//3==0 then iterate; if j//7==0 then iterate /*J ÷ by 3?; J ÷ by 7? */
do k=5 while sq.k<=j /* [↓] divide by the known odd primes.*/
if j // @.k == 0 then iterate j /*Is J ÷ X? Then not prime. ___ */
end /*k*/ /* [↑] only process numbers ≤ √ J */
#= #+1; @.#= j; sq.#= j*j; !.j= 1 /*bump # Ps; assign next P; P square; P*/
if @.#<hi then sP= sP + @.# /*maybe add this prime to sum─of─primes*/
end /*j*/; return |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | p1 = Polygon[{{50, 150}, {200, 50}, {350, 150}, {350, 300}, {250, 300}, {200, 250}, {150, 350}, {100, 250}, {100, 200}}];
p2 = Polygon[{{100, 100}, {300, 100}, {300, 300}, {100, 300}}];
RegionIntersection[p1, p2]
Graphics[{Red, p1, Blue, p2, Green, RegionIntersection[p1, p2]}] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #Eiffel | Eiffel | note
description: "Summary description for {SYMETRIC_DIFFERENCE_EXAMPLE}."
URI: "http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference"
class
SYMETRIC_DIFFERENCE_EXAMPLE
create
make
feature {NONE} -- Initialization
make
local
a,a1,b,b1: ARRAYED_SET [STRING]
do
create a.make (4)
create b.make (4)
a.compare_objects
b.compare_objects
a.put ("John")
a.put ("Bob")
a.put ("Mary")
a.put ("Serena")
create a1.make (4)
a1.copy (a)
b.put ("Jim")
b.put ("Mary")
b.put ("John")
b.put ("Bob")
create b1.make (4)
b1.copy (b)
a1.subtract (b1)
b.subtract (a)
a1.merge (b)
across a1 as c loop
print (" " + c.item)
end
end
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Super-d_numbers | Super-d numbers | A super-d number is a positive, decimal (base ten) integer n such that d × nd has at least d consecutive digits d where
2 ≤ d ≤ 9
For instance, 753 is a super-3 number because 3 × 7533 = 1280873331.
Super-d numbers are also shown on MathWorld™ as super-d or super-d.
Task
Write a function/procedure/routine to find super-d numbers.
For d=2 through d=6, use the routine to show the first 10 super-d numbers.
Extra credit
Show the first 10 super-7, super-8, and/or super-9 numbers (optional).
See also
Wolfram MathWorld - Super-d Number.
OEIS: A014569 - Super-3 Numbers.
| #zkl | zkl | var [const] BI=Import("zklBigNum"); // libGMP
fcn superDW(d){
digits:=d.toString()*d;
[2..].tweak('wrap(n)
{ BI(n).pow(d).mul(d).toString().holds(digits) and n or Void.Skip });
}
foreach d in ([2..8]){ println(d," : ",superDW(d).walk(10).concat(" ")) } |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Lua | Lua | filename = "NOTES.TXT"
if #arg == 0 then
fp = io.open( filename, "r" )
if fp ~= nil then
print( fp:read( "*all*" ) )
fp:close()
end
else
fp = io.open( filename, "a+" )
fp:write( os.date( "%x %X\n" ) )
fp:write( "\t" )
for i = 1, #arg do
fp:write( arg[i], " " )
end
fp:write( "\n" )
fp:close()
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superellipse | Superellipse | A superellipse is a geometric figure defined as the set of all points (x, y) with
|
x
a
|
n
+
|
y
b
|
n
=
1
,
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|^{n}\!+\left|{\frac {y}{b}}\right|^{n}\!=1,}
where n, a, and b are positive numbers.
Task
Draw a superellipse with n = 2.5, and a = b = 200
| #Perl | Perl | my $a = 200;
my $b = 200;
my $n = 2.5;
# y in terms of x
sub y_from_x {
my($x) = @_;
int $b * abs(1 - ($x / $a) ** $n ) ** (1/$n)
}
# find point pairs for one quadrant
push @q, $_, y_from_x($_) for 0..200;
# Generate an SVG image
open $fh, '>', 'superellipse.svg';
print $fh
qq|<svg height="@{[2*$b]}" width="@{[2*$a]}" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n|,
pline( 1, 1, @q ),
pline( 1,-1, @q ), # flip and mirror
pline(-1,-1, @q ), # for the other
pline(-1, 1, @q ), # three quadrants
'</svg>';
sub pline {
my($sx,$sy,@q) = @_;
for (0..$#q/2) {
$q[ 2*$_] *= $sx;
$q[1+2*$_] *= $sy;
}
qq|<polyline points="@{[join ' ',@q]}"
style="fill:none;stroke:black;stroke-width:3"
transform="translate($a, $b)" />\n|
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Racket | Racket | #lang racket
(define (cube x) (* x x x))
;floor of cubic root
(define (cubic-root x)
(let ([aprox (inexact->exact (round (expt x (/ 1 3))))])
(if (> (cube aprox) x)
(- aprox 1)
aprox)))
(let loop ([p 1] [n 1])
(let ()
(define pairs
(for*/list ([j (in-range 1 (add1 (cubic-root (quotient n 2))))]
[k (in-value (cubic-root (- n (cube j))))]
#:when (= n (+ (cube j) (cube k))))
(cons j k)))
(if (>= (length pairs) 2)
(begin
(printf "~a: ~a" p n)
(for ([pair (in-list pairs)])
(printf " = ~a^3 + ~a^3" (car pair) (cdr pair)))
(newline)
(when (< p 25)
(loop (add1 p) (add1 n))))
(loop p (add1 n))))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Raku | Raku | constant @cu = (^Inf).map: { .³ }
sub MAIN ($start = 1, $end = 25) {
my %taxi;
my int $taxis = 0;
my $terminate = 0;
my int $max = 0;
for 1 .. * -> $c1 {
last if ?$terminate && ($terminate < $c1);
for 1 .. $c1 -> $c2 {
my $this = @cu[$c1] + @cu[$c2];
%taxi{$this}.push: [$c2, $c1];
if %taxi{$this}.elems == 2 {
++$taxis;
$max max= $this;
}
$terminate = ceiling $max ** (1/3) if $taxis == $end and !$terminate;
}
}
display( %taxi, $start, $end );
}
sub display (%this_stuff, $start, $end) {
my $i = $start;
printf "%4d %10d =>\t%s\n", $i++, $_.key,
(.value.map({ sprintf "%4d³ + %-s\³", |$_ })).join: ",\t"
for %this_stuff.grep( { $_.value.elems > 1 } ).sort( +*.key )[$start-1..$end-1];
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superpermutation_minimisation | Superpermutation minimisation | A superpermutation of N different characters is a string consisting of an arrangement of multiple copies of those N different characters in which every permutation of those characters can be found as a substring.
For example, representing the characters as A..Z, using N=2 we choose to use the first two characters 'AB'.
The permutations of 'AB' are the two, (i.e. two-factorial), strings: 'AB' and 'BA'.
A too obvious method of generating a superpermutation is to just join all the permutations together forming 'ABBA'.
A little thought will produce the shorter (in fact the shortest) superpermutation of 'ABA' - it contains 'AB' at the beginning and contains 'BA' from the middle to the end.
The "too obvious" method of creation generates a string of length N!*N. Using this as a yardstick, the task is to investigate other methods of generating superpermutations of N from 1-to-7 characters, that never generate larger superpermutations.
Show descriptions and comparisons of algorithms used here, and select the "Best" algorithm as being the one generating shorter superpermutations.
The problem of generating the shortest superpermutation for each N might be NP complete, although the minimal strings for small values of N have been found by brute -force searches.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Reference
The Minimal Superpermutation Problem. by Nathaniel Johnston.
oeis A180632 gives 0-5 as 0, 1, 3, 9, 33, 153. 6 is thought to be 872.
Superpermutations - Numberphile. A video
Superpermutations: the maths problem solved by 4chan - Standupmaths. A video of recent (2018) mathematical progress.
New Superpermutations Discovered! Standupmaths & Numberphile.
| #zkl | zkl | const MAX = 12;
var super=Data(), pos, cnt; // global state, ick
fcn fact_sum(n){ // -->1! + 2! + ... + n!
[1..n].reduce(fcn(s,n){ s + [2..n].reduce('*,1) },0)
}
fcn r(n){
if (not n) return(0);
c := super[pos - n];
if (not (cnt[n]-=1)){
cnt[n] = n;
if (not r(n-1)) return(0);
}
super[pos] = c; pos+=1;
1
}
fcn superperm(n){
pos = n;
len := fact_sum(n);
super.fill(0,len); // this is pretty close to recalloc()
cnt = (n+1).pump(List()); //-->(0,1,2,3,..n)
foreach i in (n){ super[i] = i + 0x31; } //-->"1" ... "123456789:;"
while (r(n)){}
}
foreach n in (MAX){
superperm(n);
print("superperm(%2d) len = %d".fmt(n,super.len()));
// uncomment next line to see the string itself
//print(": %s".fmt(super.text));
println();
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #EasyLang | EasyLang | k = number input
print k & " °K"
print k - 273.15 & " °C"
print k * 1.8 - 459.67 & " °F"
print k * 1.8 & " °R" |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic | Ternary logic |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ternary logic. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
In logic, a three-valued logic (also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.
This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.
Conceptual form and basic ideas were initially created by Łukasiewicz, Lewis and Sulski.
These were then re-formulated by Grigore Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Example Ternary Logic Operators in Truth Tables:
not a
¬
True
False
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
a and b
∧
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
False
False
False
a or b
∨
True
Maybe
False
True
True
True
True
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
Maybe
False
if a then b
⊃
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
True
True
a is equivalent to b
≡
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
Maybe
True
Task
Define a new type that emulates ternary logic by storing data trits.
Given all the binary logic operators of the original programming language, reimplement these operators for the new Ternary logic type trit.
Generate a sampling of results using trit variables.
Kudos for actually thinking up a test case algorithm where ternary logic is intrinsically useful, optimises the test case algorithm and is preferable to binary logic.
Note: Setun (Сетунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic
| #Quackery | Quackery |
[ 2 ] is maybe ( --> t )
[ table 2 0 1 ] is jiggle ( t --> n )
[ jiggle 1+ ]this[ swap peek do ]done[ ] is 1-trit ( t --> t )
[ swap jiggle 1+ ]this[
swap peek
swap jiggle peek do ]done[ ] is 2-trits ( t t --> t )
[ 1-trit $ "true" $ "maybe" $ "false" ] is trit$ ( t --> $ )
[ trit$ echo$ ] is echotrit ( t --> )
[ dup echotrit true = if sp ] is paddedtrit ( t --> )
( true maybe false )
[ 1-trit false maybe true ] is t.not ( t --> t )
( true maybe false )
[ 2-trits ( true ) [ false maybe true ]
( maybe ) [ maybe maybe true ]
( false ) [ true true true ] ] is t.nand ( t t --> t )
( true maybe false )
[ 2-trits ( true ) [ true maybe false ]
( maybe ) [ maybe maybe false ]
( false ) [ false false false ] ] is t.and ( t t --> t )
( true maybe false )
[ 2-trits ( true ) [ true true true ]
( maybe ) [ true maybe maybe ]
( false ) [ true maybe false ] ] is t.or ( t t --> t )
( true maybe false )
[ 2-trits ( true ) [ false maybe true ]
( maybe ) [ maybe maybe maybe ]
( false ) [ true maybe false ] ] is t.xor ( t t --> t )
( Quackery does not have operators for material implication
(if a then b, a implies b) or material equivalence
(a ≣ b, A <=> b). However, The Book of Quackery notes that they
can be defined as:
"[ swap not or ] is implies ( a b --> c )"
"[ xor not ] is <=> ( a b --> c )"
so we will adapt these to test some of the ternary operators. )
[ swap t.not t.or ] is t.implies ( t t --> t )
[ t.xor t.not ] is t.<=> ( t t --> t )
cr
say " t.not | true | maybe | false" cr
say " ---------------------------------" cr
say " | " true t.not paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe t.not paddedtrit sp
say "| " false t.not paddedtrit cr
cr
say " t.and | true | maybe | false" cr
say " ---------------------------------" cr
say " true | " true true t.and paddedtrit sp
say "| " true maybe t.and paddedtrit sp
say "| " true false t.and paddedtrit cr
say " maybe | " maybe true t.and paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe maybe t.and paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe false t.and paddedtrit cr
say " false | " false true t.and paddedtrit sp
say "| " false maybe t.and paddedtrit sp
say "| " false false t.and paddedtrit cr
cr
say " t.or | true | maybe | false" cr
say " ---------------------------------" cr
say " true | " true true t.or paddedtrit sp
say "| " true maybe t.or paddedtrit sp
say "| " true false t.or paddedtrit cr
say " maybe | " maybe true t.or paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe maybe t.or paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe false t.or paddedtrit cr
say " false | " false true t.or paddedtrit sp
say "| " false maybe t.or paddedtrit sp
say "| " false false t.or paddedtrit cr
cr
say " t.implies | true | maybe | false" cr
say " ---------------------------------" cr
say " true | " true true t.implies paddedtrit sp
say "| " true maybe t.implies paddedtrit sp
say "| " true false t.implies paddedtrit cr
say " maybe | " maybe true t.implies paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe maybe t.implies paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe false t.implies paddedtrit cr
say " false | " false true t.implies paddedtrit sp
say "| " false maybe t.implies paddedtrit sp
say "| " false false t.implies paddedtrit cr
cr
say " t.<=> | true | maybe | false" cr
say " ---------------------------------" cr
say " true | " true true t.<=> paddedtrit sp
say "| " true maybe t.<=> paddedtrit sp
say "| " true false t.<=> paddedtrit cr
say " maybe | " maybe true t.<=> paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe maybe t.<=> paddedtrit sp
say "| " maybe false t.<=> paddedtrit cr
say " false | " false true t.<=> paddedtrit sp
say "| " false maybe t.<=> paddedtrit sp
say "| " false false t.<=> paddedtrit cr |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic | Ternary logic |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ternary logic. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
In logic, a three-valued logic (also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.
This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.
Conceptual form and basic ideas were initially created by Łukasiewicz, Lewis and Sulski.
These were then re-formulated by Grigore Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Example Ternary Logic Operators in Truth Tables:
not a
¬
True
False
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
a and b
∧
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
False
False
False
a or b
∨
True
Maybe
False
True
True
True
True
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
Maybe
False
if a then b
⊃
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
True
True
a is equivalent to b
≡
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
Maybe
True
Task
Define a new type that emulates ternary logic by storing data trits.
Given all the binary logic operators of the original programming language, reimplement these operators for the new Ternary logic type trit.
Generate a sampling of results using trit variables.
Kudos for actually thinking up a test case algorithm where ternary logic is intrinsically useful, optimises the test case algorithm and is preferable to binary logic.
Note: Setun (Сетунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic
| #Racket | Racket | #lang typed/racket
; to avoid the hassle of adding a maybe value that is as special as
; the two standard booleans, we'll use symbols to make our own
(define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe))
(: not (trit -> trit))
(define (not a)
(case a
[(true) 'false]
[(maybe) 'maybe]
[(false) 'true]))
(: and (trit trit -> trit))
(define (and a b)
(case a
[(false) 'false]
[(maybe) (case b
[(false) 'false]
[else 'maybe])]
[(true) (case b
[(true) 'true]
[(maybe) 'maybe]
[(false) 'false])]))
(: or (trit trit -> trit))
(define (or a b)
(case a
[(true) 'true]
[(maybe) (case b
[(true) 'true]
[else 'maybe])]
[(false) (case b
[(true) 'true]
[(maybe) 'maybe]
[(false) 'false])]))
(: ifthen (trit trit -> trit))
(define (ifthen a b)
(case b
[(true) 'true]
[(maybe) (case a
[(false) 'true]
[else 'maybe])]
[(false) (case a
[(true) 'false]
[(maybe) 'maybe]
[(false) 'true])]))
(: iff (trit trit -> trit))
(define (iff a b)
(case a
[(maybe) 'maybe]
[(true) b]
[(false) (not b)]))
(for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))])
(printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a)))
(for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))])
(for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]
[b (in-list '(true maybe false))])
(printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b)))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/1 | Text processing/1 | This task has been flagged for clarification. Code on this page in its current state may be flagged incorrect once this task has been clarified. See this page's Talk page for discussion.
Often data is produced by one program, in the wrong format for later use by another program or person. In these situations another program can be written to parse and transform the original data into a format useful to the other. The term "Data Munging" is often used in programming circles for this task.
A request on the comp.lang.awk newsgroup led to a typical data munging task:
I have to analyse data files that have the following format:
Each row corresponds to 1 day and the field logic is: $1 is the date,
followed by 24 value/flag pairs, representing measurements at 01:00,
02:00 ... 24:00 of the respective day. In short:
<date> <val1> <flag1> <val2> <flag2> ... <val24> <flag24>
Some test data is available at:
... (nolonger available at original location)
I have to sum up the values (per day and only valid data, i.e. with
flag>0) in order to calculate the mean. That's not too difficult.
However, I also need to know what the "maximum data gap" is, i.e. the
longest period with successive invalid measurements (i.e values with
flag<=0)
The data is free to download and use and is of this format:
Data is no longer available at that link. Zipped mirror available here (offsite mirror).
1991-03-30 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
1991-03-31 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1 50.000 1 60.000 1 40.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 25.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1
1991-03-31 40.000 1 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2
1991-04-01 0.000 -2 13.000 1 16.000 1 21.000 1 24.000 1 22.000 1 20.000 1 18.000 1 29.000 1 44.000 1 50.000 1 43.000 1 38.000 1 27.000 1 27.000 1 24.000 1 23.000 1 18.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-02 8.000 1 9.000 1 11.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 27.000 1 26.000 1 27.000 1 33.000 1 32.000 1 31.000 1 29.000 1 31.000 1 25.000 1 25.000 1 24.000 1 21.000 1 17.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-03 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 15.000 1 24.000 1 28.000 1 24.000 1 18.000 1 14.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
Only a sample of the data showing its format is given above. The full example file may be downloaded here.
Structure your program to show statistics for each line of the file, (similar to the original Python, Perl, and AWK examples below), followed by summary statistics for the file. When showing example output just show a few line statistics and the full end summary.
| #Swift | Swift | import Foundation
let fmtDbl = { String(format: "%10.3f", $0) }
Task.detached {
let formatter = DateFormatter()
formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"
let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.bytes(from: URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[1]))
var rowStats = [(Date, Double, Int)]()
var invalidPeriods = 0
var invalidStart: Date?
var sumFile = 0.0
var readings = 0
var longestInvalid = 0
var longestInvalidStart: Date?
var longestInvalidEnd: Date?
for try await line in data.lines {
let lineSplit = line.components(separatedBy: "\t")
guard !lineSplit.isEmpty, let date = formatter.date(from: lineSplit[0]) else {
fatalError("Invalid date \(lineSplit[0])")
}
let data = Array(lineSplit.dropFirst())
let parsed = stride(from: 0, to: data.endIndex, by: 2).map({idx -> (Double, Int) in
let slice = data[idx..<idx+2]
return (Double(slice[idx]) ?? 0, Int(slice[idx+1]) ?? 0)
})
var sum = 0.0
var numValid = 0
for (val, flag) in parsed {
if flag <= 0 {
if invalidStart == nil {
invalidStart = date
}
invalidPeriods += 1
} else {
if invalidPeriods > longestInvalid {
longestInvalid = invalidPeriods
longestInvalidStart = invalidStart
longestInvalidEnd = date
}
sumFile += val
sum += val
numValid += 1
readings += 1
invalidPeriods = 0
invalidStart = nil
}
}
if numValid != 0 {
rowStats.append((date, sum / Double(numValid), parsed.count - numValid))
}
}
for stat in rowStats.lazy.reversed().prefix(5) {
print("\(stat.0): Average: \(fmtDbl(stat.1)); Valid Readings: \(24 - stat.2); Invalid Readings: \(stat.2)")
}
print("""
Sum File: \(fmtDbl(sumFile))
Average: \(fmtDbl(sumFile / Double(readings)))
Readings: \(readings)
Longest Invalid: \(longestInvalid) (\(longestInvalidStart!) - \(longestInvalidEnd!))
""")
exit(0)
}
dispatchMain()
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Picat | Picat | go =>
Days = "first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth".split(" "),
Gifts =
"A partridge in a pear tree.
Two turtle doves, and
Three french hens,
Four calling birds,
Five golden rings,
Six geese a-laying,
Seven swans a-swimming,
Eight maids a-milking,
Nine ladies dancing,
Ten lords a-leaping,
Eleven pipers piping,
Twelve drummers drumming,".split("\n"),
println([to_fstring("On the %s day of Christmas,\nMy true love gave to me:\n%w\n",
Day, slice(Gifts,1,D).reverse().join("\n")) : {Day,D} in zip(Days,1..length(Days))]
.join("\n")),
nl. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #PicoLisp | PicoLisp | (de days
first second third fourth fifth sixth
seventh eight ninth tenth eleventh twelfth )
(de texts
"A partridge in a pear tree."
"Two turtle doves and"
"Three french hens"
"Four calling birds"
"Five golden rings"
"Six geese a-laying"
"Seven swans a-swimming"
"Eight maids a-milking"
"Nine ladies dancing"
"Ten lords a-leaping"
"Eleven pipers piping"
"Twelve drummers drumming" )
(for (X . Day) days
(prinl "On the " Day " day of Christmas")
(prinl "My true love game to me:")
(for (Y X (gt0 Y) (dec Y))
(prinl
(if (and (= 12 X) (= 1 Y))
"And a partridge in a pear tree."
(get texts Y)) ) )
(prinl) )
(bye) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #Oz | Oz | declare
%% Helper function to read a file lazily.
%% Returns a lazy list of lines.
fun {ReadLines FN}
F = {New class $ from Open.file Open.text end init(name:FN)}
fun lazy {ReadNext}
case {F getS($)} of
false then nil
[] Line then
Line|{ReadNext}
end
end
in
%% close file when handle becomes unreachable
{Finalize.register F proc {$ F} {F close} end}
{ReadNext}
end
Count %% Will receive the number of lines
PrinterPort
in
%% Printer thread
thread
Stream
Counter = {NewCell 0} %% mutable variable
in
PrinterPort = {NewPort ?Stream}
for Line in Stream do
case Line of eof then
Count = @Counter
else
{System.showInfo Line}
Counter := @Counter + 1
end
end
end
%% Send all lines to printer thread; make sure that eof is sent.
try
for Line in {ReadLines "input.txt"} do
{Send PrinterPort Line}
end
finally
{Send PrinterPort eof}
end
%% Sync on Count and print its value.
{Wait Count}
{Show Count} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #BQN | BQN | •Show •UnixTime @ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #C | C | #include<time.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(){
time_t my_time = time(NULL);
printf("%s", ctime(&my_time));
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_and_say_sequence | Summarize and say sequence | There are several ways to generate a self-referential sequence. One very common one (the Look-and-say sequence) is to start with a positive integer, then generate the next term by concatenating enumerated groups of adjacent alike digits:
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 1113122110, 311311222110 ...
The terms generated grow in length geometrically and never converge.
Another way to generate a self-referential sequence is to summarize the previous term.
Count how many of each alike digit there is, then concatenate the sum and digit for each of the sorted enumerated digits. Note that the first five terms are the same as for the previous sequence.
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 13123110, 23124110 ...
Sort the digits largest to smallest. Do not include counts of digits that do not appear in the previous term.
Depending on the seed value, series generated this way always either converge to a stable value or to a short cyclical pattern. (For our purposes, I'll use converge to mean an element matches a previously seen element.) The sequence shown, with a seed value of 0, converges to a stable value of 1433223110 after 11 iterations. The seed value that converges most quickly is 22. It goes stable after the first element. (The next element is 22, which has been seen before.)
Task
Find all the positive integer seed values under 1000000, for the above convergent self-referential sequence, that takes the largest number of iterations before converging. Then print out the number of iterations and the sequence they return. Note that different permutations of the digits of the seed will yield the same sequence. For this task, assume leading zeros are not permitted.
Seed Value(s): 9009 9090 9900
Iterations: 21
Sequence: (same for all three seeds except for first element)
9009
2920
192210
19222110
19323110
1923123110
1923224110
191413323110
191433125110
19151423125110
19251413226110
1916151413325110
1916251423127110
191716151413326110
191726151423128110
19181716151413327110
19182716151423129110
29181716151413328110
19281716151423228110
19281716151413427110
19182716152413228110
Related tasks
Fours is the number of letters in the ...
Look-and-say sequence
Number names
Self-describing numbers
Spelling of ordinal numbers
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Also see
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
| #D | D | import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.conv;
string[] selfReferentialSeq(string n, string[] seen=[]) nothrow {
__gshared static string[][string] cache;
if (n in cache)
return cache[n];
if (seen.canFind(n))
return [];
int[10] digit_count;
foreach (immutable d; n)
digit_count[d - '0']++;
string term;
foreach_reverse (immutable d; 0 .. 10)
if (digit_count[d] > 0)
term ~= text(digit_count[d], d);
return cache[n] = [n] ~ selfReferentialSeq(term, [n] ~ seen);
}
void main() {
enum int limit = 1_000_000;
int max_len;
int[] max_vals;
foreach (immutable n; 1 .. limit) {
const seq = n.text().selfReferentialSeq();
if (seq.length > max_len) {
max_len = seq.length;
max_vals = [n];
} else if (seq.length == max_len)
max_vals ~= n;
}
writeln("values: ", max_vals);
writeln("iterations: ", max_len);
writeln("sequence:");
foreach (const idx, const val; max_vals[0].text.selfReferentialSeq)
writefln("%2d %s", idx + 1, val);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #Ring | Ring |
load "stdlib.ring"
see "working..." + nl
see "Summarize primes:" + nl
see "n sum" + nl
row = 0
sum = 0
limit = 1000
Primes = []
for n = 2 to limit
if isprime(n)
add(Primes,n)
ok
next
for n = 1 to len(Primes)
sum = sum + Primes[n]
if isprime(sum)
row = row + 1
see "" + n + " " + sum + nl
ok
next
see "Found " + row + " numbers" + nl
see "done..." + nl
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #Ruby | Ruby | def isPrime(n)
if n < 2 then
return false
end
if n % 2 == 0 then
return n == 2
end
if n % 3 == 0 then
return n == 3
end
i = 5
while i * i <= n
if n % i == 0 then
return false
end
i += 2
if n % i == 0 then
return false
end
i += 4
end
return true
end
START = 1
STOP = 1000
sum = 0
count = 0
sc = 0
for p in START .. STOP
if isPrime(p) then
count += 1
sum += p
if isPrime(sum) then
print "The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n" % [count, p, sum]
sc += 1
end
end
end
print "There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d]\n" % [sc, START, STOP] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #Rust | Rust | // [dependencies]
// primal = "0.3"
fn main() {
let limit = 1000;
let mut sum = 0;
println!("count prime sum");
for (n, p) in primal::Sieve::new(limit)
.primes_from(2)
.take_while(|x| *x < limit)
.enumerate()
{
sum += p;
if primal::is_prime(sum as u64) {
println!(" {:>3} {:>3} {:>5}", n + 1, p, sum);
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #MATLAB_.2F_Octave | MATLAB / Octave | %The inputs are a table of x-y pairs for the verticies of the subject
%polygon and boundary polygon. (x values in column 1 and y values in column
%2) The output is a table of x-y pairs for the clipped version of the
%subject polygon.
function clippedPolygon = sutherlandHodgman(subjectPolygon,clipPolygon)
%% Helper Functions
%computerIntersection() assumes the two lines intersect
function intersection = computeIntersection(line1,line2)
%this is an implementation of
%http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-line_intersection
intersection = zeros(1,2);
detL1 = det(line1);
detL2 = det(line2);
detL1x = det([line1(:,1),[1;1]]);
detL1y = det([line1(:,2),[1;1]]);
detL2x = det([line2(:,1),[1;1]]);
detL2y = det([line2(:,2),[1;1]]);
denominator = det([detL1x detL1y;detL2x detL2y]);
intersection(1) = det([detL1 detL1x;detL2 detL2x]) / denominator;
intersection(2) = det([detL1 detL1y;detL2 detL2y]) / denominator;
end %computeIntersection
%inside() assumes the boundary is oriented counter-clockwise
function in = inside(point,boundary)
pointPositionVector = [diff([point;boundary(1,:)]) 0];
boundaryVector = [diff(boundary) 0];
crossVector = cross(pointPositionVector,boundaryVector);
if ( crossVector(3) <= 0 )
in = true;
else
in = false;
end
end %inside
%% Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm
clippedPolygon = subjectPolygon;
numVerticies = size(clipPolygon,1);
clipVertexPrevious = clipPolygon(end,:);
for clipVertex = (1:numVerticies)
clipBoundary = [clipPolygon(clipVertex,:) ; clipVertexPrevious];
inputList = clippedPolygon;
clippedPolygon = [];
if ~isempty(inputList),
previousVertex = inputList(end,:);
end
for subjectVertex = (1:size(inputList,1))
if ( inside(inputList(subjectVertex,:),clipBoundary) )
if( not(inside(previousVertex,clipBoundary)) )
subjectLineSegment = [previousVertex;inputList(subjectVertex,:)];
clippedPolygon(end+1,1:2) = computeIntersection(clipBoundary,subjectLineSegment);
end
clippedPolygon(end+1,1:2) = inputList(subjectVertex,:);
elseif( inside(previousVertex,clipBoundary) )
subjectLineSegment = [previousVertex;inputList(subjectVertex,:)];
clippedPolygon(end+1,1:2) = computeIntersection(clipBoundary,subjectLineSegment);
end
previousVertex = inputList(subjectVertex,:);
clipVertexPrevious = clipPolygon(clipVertex,:);
end %for subject verticies
end %for boundary verticies
end %sutherlandHodgman |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #Elixir | Elixir | iex(1)> a = ~w[John Bob Mary Serena] |> MapSet.new
#MapSet<["Bob", "John", "Mary", "Serena"]>
iex(2)> b = ~w[Jim Mary John Bob] |> MapSet.new
#MapSet<["Bob", "Jim", "John", "Mary"]>
iex(3)> sym_dif = fn(a,b) -> MapSet.difference(MapSet.union(a,b), MapSet.intersection(a,b)) end
#Function<12.54118792/2 in :erl_eval.expr/5>
iex(4)> sym_dif.(a,b)
#MapSet<["Jim", "Serena"]> |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #Erlang | Erlang | %% Implemented by Arjun Sunel
-module(symdiff).
-export([main/0]).
main() ->
SetA = sets:from_list(["John","Bob","Mary","Serena"]),
SetB = sets:from_list(["Jim","Mary","John","Bob"]),
AUnionB = sets:union(SetA,SetB),
AIntersectionB = sets:intersection(SetA,SetB),
SymmDiffAB = sets:subtract(AUnionB,AIntersectionB),
sets:to_list(SymmDiffAB).
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | If[Length[$CommandLine < 11], str = OpenRead["NOTES.TXT"];
Print[ReadString[str, EndOfFile]]; Close[str],
str = OpenAppend["NOTES.TXT"]; WriteLine[str, DateString[]];
WriteLine[str, "\t" <> StringRiffle[$CommandLine[[11 ;;]]]];
Close[str]] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #MATLAB_.2F_Octave | MATLAB / Octave | function notes(varargin)
% NOTES can be used for taking notes
% usage:
% notes displays the content of the file NOTES.TXT
% notes arg1 arg2 ...
% add the current date, time and arg# to NOTES.TXT
%
filename = 'NOTES.TXT';
if nargin==0
fid = fopen(filename,'rt');
if fid<0, return; end;
while ~feof(fid)
fprintf('%s\n',fgetl(fid));
end;
fclose(fid);
else
fid = fopen(filename,'a+');
if fid<0, error('cannot open %s\n',filename); end;
fprintf(fid, '%s\n\t%s', datestr(now),varargin{1});
for k=2:length(varargin)
fprintf(fid, ', %s', varargin{k});
end;
fprintf(fid,'\n');
fclose(fid);
end; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superellipse | Superellipse | A superellipse is a geometric figure defined as the set of all points (x, y) with
|
x
a
|
n
+
|
y
b
|
n
=
1
,
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|^{n}\!+\left|{\frac {y}{b}}\right|^{n}\!=1,}
where n, a, and b are positive numbers.
Task
Draw a superellipse with n = 2.5, and a = b = 200
| #Phix | Phix | --
-- demo\rosetta\Superellipse.exw
-- =============================
--
with javascript_semantics
atom n = 2.5 -- '+' and '-' increase/decrease in steps of 0.1
include pGUI.e
Ihandle dlg, canvas
cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas
function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/)
integer {w, h} = IupGetIntInt(canvas, "DRAWSIZE"),
hw = floor(w/2), hh = floor(h/2),
a = max(10,hw-100), -- (initially 200, from 602x )
b = max(10,hh-50) -- (initially 200, from x502)
sequence y = b&repeat(0,a)
for x=1 to a-1 do
y[x+1] = floor(exp(log(1-power(x/a,n))/n)*b)
end for
cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer)
cdCanvasClear(cddbuffer)
cdCanvasBegin(cddbuffer, CD_OPEN_LINES)
cdCanvasVertex(cddbuffer, hw, hh-b) -- starting point
for x=1 to a-1 do cdCanvasVertex(cddbuffer, hw+x, hh-y[x+1]) end for
for x=a to 0 by -1 do cdCanvasVertex(cddbuffer, hw+x, hh+y[x+1]) end for
for x=0 to a do cdCanvasVertex(cddbuffer, hw-x, hh+y[x+1]) end for
for x=a to 0 by -1 do cdCanvasVertex(cddbuffer, hw-x, hh-y[x+1]) end for
cdCanvasEnd(cddbuffer)
cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)
cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas)
cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_WHITE)
cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_BLACK)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function key_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, atom c)
if c=K_ESC then return IUP_CLOSE end if
if c='+' then
n = min(130,n+0.1) -- (otherwise [>130] power overflow)
IupUpdate(canvas)
elsif c='-' then
n = max(0.1,n-0.1) -- (otherwise [=0.0] divide by zero)
IupUpdate(canvas)
end if
return IUP_CONTINUE
end function
procedure main()
IupOpen()
canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=602x502")
IupSetCallbacks(canvas, {"MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"),
"ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb")})
dlg = IupDialog(canvas,"TITLE=Superellipse")
IupSetCallback(dlg, "KEY_CB", Icallback("key_cb"))
IupShow(dlg)
IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", NULL) -- release the minimum limitation
if platform()!=JS then
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()
end if
end procedure
main()
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #REXX | REXX | /*REXX program displays the specified first (lowest) taxicab numbers (for three ranges).*/
parse arg L.1 H.1 L.2 H.2 L.3 H.3 . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/
if L.1=='' | L.1=="," then L.1= 1 /*L1 is the low part of 1st range. */
if H.1=='' | H.1=="," then H.1= 25 /*H1 " " high " " " " */
if L.2=='' | L.2=="," then L.2= 454 /*L2 " " low " " 2nd " */
if H.2=='' | H.2=="," then H.2= 456 /*H2 " " high " " " " */
if L.3=='' | L.3=="," then L.3=2000 /*L3 " " low " " 3rd " */
if H.3=='' | H.3=="," then H.3=2006 /*H3 " " high " " " " */
mx= max(H.1, H.2, H.3) /*find how many taxicab numbers needed.*/
mx= mx + mx % 10 /*cushion; compensate for the triples.*/
ww= length(mx) * 3; w= ww % 2 /*widths used for formatting the output*/
numeric digits max(9, ww) /*prepare to use some larger numbers. */
@.=.; #= 0; @@.= 0; @and= " ──and── " /*set some REXX vars and handy literals*/
$.= /* [↓] generate extra taxicab numbers.*/
do j=1 until #>=mx; C= j**3 /*taxicab numbers may not be in order. */
!.j= C /*use memoization for cube calculation.*/
do k=1 for j-1; s= C + !.k /*define a whole bunch of cube sums. */
if @.s==. then do; @.s= j; b.s= k /*Cube not defined? Then process it. */
iterate /*define @.S and B.S≡sum of 2 cubes*/
end /* [↑] define one cube sum at a time. */
has= @@.s /*has this number been defined before? */
if has then $.s= $.s @and U(j,' +')U(k) /* ◄─ build a display string. [↓] */
else $.s= right(s,ww) '───►' U(@.s," +")U(b.s) @and U(j,' +')U(k)
@@.s= 1 /*mark taxicab number as a sum of cubes*/
if has then iterate /*S is a triple (or sometimes better).*/
#= # + 1; #.#= s /*bump taxicab counter; define taxicab#*/
end /*k*/ /* [↑] build the cubes one─at─a─time. */
end /*j*/ /* [↑] complete with overage numbers. */
A.=
do k=1 for mx; _= #.k; A.k= $._ /*re─assign disjoint $. elements to A. */
end /*k*/
call Esort mx /*sort taxicab #s with an exchange sort*/
do grp=1 for 3; call tell L.grp, H.grp /*display the three grps of numbers. */
end /*grp*/
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
tell: do t=arg(1) to arg(2); say right(t, 9)':' A.t; end; say; return
U: return right(arg(1), w)'^3'arg(2) /*right─justify a number, append "^3" */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
Esort: procedure expose A.; parse arg N; h= N /*Esort when items have blanks.*/
do while h>1; h= h % 2
do i=1 for N-h; k=h + i; j= i
do forever; parse var A.k xk .; parse var A.j xj .; if xk>=xj then leave
_= A.j; A.j= A.k; A.k= _ /*swap two elements of A. array*/
if h>=j then leave; j=j - h; k= k - h
end /*forever*/
end /*i*/
end /*while h>1*/; return |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #Elena | Elena | import extensions;
convertKelvinToFahrenheit(x)
= x * 1.8r - 459.6r;
convertKelvinToRankine(x)
= x * 1.8r;
convertKelvinToCelsius(x)
= x - 273.15r;
public program()
{
console.print("Enter a Kelvin Temperature: ");
var inputVal := console.readLine();
real kelvinTemp := 0.0r;
try
{
kelvinTemp := realConvertor.convert(inputVal)
}
catch(Exception e)
{
console.printLine("Invalid input value: ", inputVal);
AbortException.raise()
};
console.printLine("Kelvin: ", kelvinTemp);
console.printLine("Fahrenheit: ", convertKelvinToFahrenheit(kelvinTemp));
console.printLine("Rankine: ", convertKelvinToRankine(kelvinTemp));
console.printLine("Celsius: ", convertKelvinToCelsius(kelvinTemp));
console.readChar()
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic | Ternary logic |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ternary logic. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
In logic, a three-valued logic (also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.
This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.
Conceptual form and basic ideas were initially created by Łukasiewicz, Lewis and Sulski.
These were then re-formulated by Grigore Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Example Ternary Logic Operators in Truth Tables:
not a
¬
True
False
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
a and b
∧
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
False
False
False
a or b
∨
True
Maybe
False
True
True
True
True
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
Maybe
False
if a then b
⊃
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
True
True
a is equivalent to b
≡
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
Maybe
True
Task
Define a new type that emulates ternary logic by storing data trits.
Given all the binary logic operators of the original programming language, reimplement these operators for the new Ternary logic type trit.
Generate a sampling of results using trit variables.
Kudos for actually thinking up a test case algorithm where ternary logic is intrinsically useful, optimises the test case algorithm and is preferable to binary logic.
Note: Setun (Сетунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic
| #Raku | Raku | # Implementation:
enum Trit <Foo Moo Too>;
sub prefix:<¬> (Trit $a) { Trit(1-($a-1)) }
sub infix:<∧> (Trit $a, Trit $b) is equiv(&infix:<*>) { $a min $b }
sub infix:<∨> (Trit $a, Trit $b) is equiv(&infix:<+>) { $a max $b }
sub infix:<⇒> (Trit $a, Trit $b) is equiv(&infix:<..>) { ¬$a max $b }
sub infix:<≡> (Trit $a, Trit $b) is equiv(&infix:<eq>) { Trit(1 + ($a-1) * ($b-1)) }
# Testing:
say '¬';
say "Too {¬Too}";
say "Moo {¬Moo}";
say "Foo {¬Foo}";
sub tbl (&op,$name) {
say '';
say "$name Too Moo Foo";
say " ╔═══════════";
say "Too║{op Too,Too} {op Too,Moo} {op Too,Foo}";
say "Moo║{op Moo,Too} {op Moo,Moo} {op Moo,Foo}";
say "Foo║{op Foo,Too} {op Foo,Moo} {op Foo,Foo}";
}
tbl(&infix:<∧>, '∧');
tbl(&infix:<∨>, '∨');
tbl(&infix:<⇒>, '⇒');
tbl(&infix:<≡>, '≡');
say '';
say 'Precedence tests should all print "Too":';
say ~(
Foo ∧ Too ∨ Too ≡ Too,
Foo ∧ (Too ∨ Too) ≡ Foo,
Too ∨ Too ∧ Foo ≡ Too,
(Too ∨ Too) ∧ Foo ≡ Foo,
¬Too ∧ Too ∨ Too ≡ Too,
¬Too ∧ (Too ∨ Too) ≡ ¬Too,
Too ∨ Too ∧ ¬Too ≡ Too,
(Too ∨ Too) ∧ ¬Too ≡ ¬Too,
Foo ∧ Too ∨ Foo ⇒ Foo ≡ Too,
Foo ∧ Too ∨ Too ⇒ Foo ≡ Foo,
); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/1 | Text processing/1 | This task has been flagged for clarification. Code on this page in its current state may be flagged incorrect once this task has been clarified. See this page's Talk page for discussion.
Often data is produced by one program, in the wrong format for later use by another program or person. In these situations another program can be written to parse and transform the original data into a format useful to the other. The term "Data Munging" is often used in programming circles for this task.
A request on the comp.lang.awk newsgroup led to a typical data munging task:
I have to analyse data files that have the following format:
Each row corresponds to 1 day and the field logic is: $1 is the date,
followed by 24 value/flag pairs, representing measurements at 01:00,
02:00 ... 24:00 of the respective day. In short:
<date> <val1> <flag1> <val2> <flag2> ... <val24> <flag24>
Some test data is available at:
... (nolonger available at original location)
I have to sum up the values (per day and only valid data, i.e. with
flag>0) in order to calculate the mean. That's not too difficult.
However, I also need to know what the "maximum data gap" is, i.e. the
longest period with successive invalid measurements (i.e values with
flag<=0)
The data is free to download and use and is of this format:
Data is no longer available at that link. Zipped mirror available here (offsite mirror).
1991-03-30 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
1991-03-31 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1 50.000 1 60.000 1 40.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 25.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1
1991-03-31 40.000 1 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2
1991-04-01 0.000 -2 13.000 1 16.000 1 21.000 1 24.000 1 22.000 1 20.000 1 18.000 1 29.000 1 44.000 1 50.000 1 43.000 1 38.000 1 27.000 1 27.000 1 24.000 1 23.000 1 18.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-02 8.000 1 9.000 1 11.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 27.000 1 26.000 1 27.000 1 33.000 1 32.000 1 31.000 1 29.000 1 31.000 1 25.000 1 25.000 1 24.000 1 21.000 1 17.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-03 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 15.000 1 24.000 1 28.000 1 24.000 1 18.000 1 14.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
Only a sample of the data showing its format is given above. The full example file may be downloaded here.
Structure your program to show statistics for each line of the file, (similar to the original Python, Perl, and AWK examples below), followed by summary statistics for the file. When showing example output just show a few line statistics and the full end summary.
| #Tcl | Tcl | set max_invalid_run 0
set max_invalid_run_end ""
set tot_file 0
set num_file 0
set linefmt "Line: %11s Reject: %2d Accept: %2d Line_tot: %10.3f Line_avg: %10.3f"
set filename readings.txt
set fh [open $filename]
while {[gets $fh line] != -1} {
set tot_line [set count [set num_line 0]]
set fields [regexp -all -inline {\S+} $line]
set date [lindex $fields 0]
foreach {val flag} [lrange $fields 1 end] {
incr count
if {$flag > 0} {
incr num_line
incr num_file
set tot_line [expr {$tot_line + $val}]
set invalid_run_count 0
} else {
incr invalid_run_count
if {$invalid_run_count > $max_invalid_run} {
set max_invalid_run $invalid_run_count
set max_invalid_run_end $date
}
}
}
set tot_file [expr {$tot_file + $tot_line}]
puts [format $linefmt $date [expr {$count - $num_line}] $num_line $tot_line \
[expr {$num_line > 0 ? $tot_line / $num_line : 0}]]
}
close $fh
puts ""
puts "File(s) = $filename"
puts "Total = [format %.3f $tot_file]"
puts "Readings = $num_file"
puts "Average = [format %.3f [expr {$tot_file / $num_file}]]"
puts ""
puts "Maximum run(s) of $max_invalid_run consecutive false readings ends at $max_invalid_run_end" |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Pike | Pike | int main() {
array(string) days = ({"first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"});
array(string) gifts = ({"A partridge in a pear tree.", "Two turtle doves and", "Three french hens", "Four calling birds", "Five golden rings", "Six geese a-laying", "Seven swans a-swimming", "Eight maids a-milking", "Nine ladies dancing", "Ten lords a-leaping", "Eleven pipers piping", "Twelve drummers drumming"});
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
write("On the " + (string)days[i] + " day of Christmas\n");
write("My true love gave to me:\n");
for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) {
write((string)gifts[i - j] + "\n");
}
if (i != 11) {
write("\n");
}
}
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #Perl | Perl | use threads;
use Thread::Queue qw();
my $q1 = Thread::Queue->new;
my $q2 = Thread::Queue->new;
my $reader = threads->create(sub {
my $q1 = shift;
my $q2 = shift;
open my $fh, '<', 'input.txt';
$q1->enqueue($_) while <$fh>;
close $fh;
$q1->enqueue(undef);
print $q2->dequeue;
}, $q1, $q2);
my $printer = threads->create(sub {
my $q1 = shift;
my $q2 = shift;
my $count;
while (my $line = $q1->dequeue) {
print $line;
$count++;
};
$q2->enqueue($count);
}, $q1, $q2);
$reader->join;
$printer->join; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #C.23 | C# | Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <iostream>
#include <boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time.hpp>
int main( ) {
boost::posix_time::ptime t ( boost::posix_time::second_clock::local_time( ) ) ;
std::cout << to_simple_string( t ) << std::endl ;
return 0 ;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_and_say_sequence | Summarize and say sequence | There are several ways to generate a self-referential sequence. One very common one (the Look-and-say sequence) is to start with a positive integer, then generate the next term by concatenating enumerated groups of adjacent alike digits:
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 1113122110, 311311222110 ...
The terms generated grow in length geometrically and never converge.
Another way to generate a self-referential sequence is to summarize the previous term.
Count how many of each alike digit there is, then concatenate the sum and digit for each of the sorted enumerated digits. Note that the first five terms are the same as for the previous sequence.
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 13123110, 23124110 ...
Sort the digits largest to smallest. Do not include counts of digits that do not appear in the previous term.
Depending on the seed value, series generated this way always either converge to a stable value or to a short cyclical pattern. (For our purposes, I'll use converge to mean an element matches a previously seen element.) The sequence shown, with a seed value of 0, converges to a stable value of 1433223110 after 11 iterations. The seed value that converges most quickly is 22. It goes stable after the first element. (The next element is 22, which has been seen before.)
Task
Find all the positive integer seed values under 1000000, for the above convergent self-referential sequence, that takes the largest number of iterations before converging. Then print out the number of iterations and the sequence they return. Note that different permutations of the digits of the seed will yield the same sequence. For this task, assume leading zeros are not permitted.
Seed Value(s): 9009 9090 9900
Iterations: 21
Sequence: (same for all three seeds except for first element)
9009
2920
192210
19222110
19323110
1923123110
1923224110
191413323110
191433125110
19151423125110
19251413226110
1916151413325110
1916251423127110
191716151413326110
191726151423128110
19181716151413327110
19182716151423129110
29181716151413328110
19281716151423228110
19281716151413427110
19182716152413228110
Related tasks
Fours is the number of letters in the ...
Look-and-say sequence
Number names
Self-describing numbers
Spelling of ordinal numbers
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Also see
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
| #EchoLisp | EchoLisp |
(lib 'hash)
(lib 'list) ;; permutations
(define H (make-hash))
;; G R A P H
;; generate 'normalized' starter vectors D[i] = number of digits 'i' (0 <=i < 10)
;; reduce graph size : 9009, 9900 .. will be generated once : vector #(2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2)
(define (generate D dstart ndigits (sd 0))
(when (> ndigits 0)
(set! sd (vector-ref D dstart)) ;; save before recurse
(for ((i (in-range 0 (1+ ndigits))))
#:continue (and ( = i 0) (> dstart 0))
(vector-set! D dstart i)
(sequence D) ;; sequence length from D
(for ((j (in-range (1+ dstart) 10)))
(generate D j (- ndigits i))))
(vector-set! D dstart sd))) ;; restore
;; compute follower of D (at most 99 same digits)
(define (dnext D (dd 0))
(define N (make-vector 10))
(for ((d D) (i 10))
#:continue (zero? d)
(vector-set! N i (1+ (vector-ref N i)))
(if (< d 10)
(vector-set! N d (1+ (vector-ref N d))) ;; d < 9
(begin
(set! dd (modulo d 10))
(vector-set! N dd (1+ (vector-ref N dd)))
(set! dd (quotient d 10))
(vector-set! N dd (1+ (vector-ref N dd))))))
N)
;; update all nodes in same sequence
;; seq-length (next D) = 1 - seq-length(D)
(define (sequence D)
(define (dists D d)
(unless (hash-ref H D)
(hash-set H D d)
(dists (dnext D ) (1- d))))
(unless (hash-ref H D)
(dists D (sequence-length D))))
;; sequence length from D
;; stops on loop found (node N)
(define (sequence-length D )
(define (looper N looplg depth) ;; looper 2 : a b a
(when ( > depth 0)
(hash-set H N looplg)
(looper (dnext N) looplg (1- depth))))
(define followers (make-hash))
(define N (dnext D))
(define seqlg 0)
(define looplg 0)
(hash-set followers D 0)
(set! seqlg
(for ((lg (in-naturals 1 )))
#:break (hash-ref H N) => (+ lg (hash-ref H N)) ;; already known
#:break (hash-ref followers N) => lg ;; loop found
(hash-set followers N lg)
(set! N (dnext N))))
;; update nodes in loop : same seq-length
(when (hash-ref followers N) ;; loop found
(set! looplg ( - seqlg (hash-ref followers N)))
(looper N looplg looplg))
seqlg )
;; O U T P U T
;; backwards from D - normalized vector - to numbers (as strings)
(define (starters D)
(define (not-leading-zero list) (!zero? (first list)))
(map list->string
(filter not-leading-zero (make-set (permutations (for/fold (acc null) ((d D) (i 10))
#:continue (zero? d)
(append acc (for/list ((j d)) i))))))))
;; printing one node
(define (D-print D)
(set! D (reverse (vector->list D)))
(for/string ( (d D) (i (in-range 9 -1 -1)))
#:continue (zero? d)
(string-append d i)))
;; print graph contents
(define (print-sequence D)
(writeln 1 (starters D))
(writeln 2 (D-print D ))
(for ((i (in-range 1 (hash-ref H D))))
(writeln (+ i 2) (D-print (setv! D (dnext D))))))
;; TA S K
(define (task (n 6) (verbose #t))
(generate (make-vector 10) 0 n)
(define seqmax (apply max (hash-values H)))
(when verbose (for ((kv H))
#:continue (!= (rest kv ) seqmax)
(print-sequence (first kv))))
(writeln (expt 10 n) '--> 'max-sequence= (1+ seqmax) 'nodes= (length (hash-values H))))
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #Sidef | Sidef | 1000.primes.map_reduce {|a,b| a + b }.map_kv {|k,v|
[k+1, prime(k+1), v]
}.grep { .tail.is_prime }.prepend(
['count', 'prime', 'sum']
).each_2d {|n,p,s|
printf("%5s %6s %8s\n", n, p, s)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #Wren | Wren | import "/math" for Int
import "/fmt" for Fmt
var primes = Int.primeSieve(999)
var sum = 0
var n = 0
var c = 0
System.print("Summing the first n primes (<1,000) where the sum is itself prime:")
System.print(" n cumulative sum")
for (p in primes) {
n = n + 1
sum = sum + p
if (Int.isPrime(sum)) {
c = c + 1
Fmt.print("$3d $,6d", n, sum)
}
}
System.print("\n%(c) such prime sums found") |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_primes | Summarize primes | Task
Considering in order of length, n, all sequences of consecutive
primes, p, from 2 onwards, where p < 1000 and n>0, select those
sequences whose sum is prime, and for these display the length of the
sequence, the last item in the sequence, and the sum.
| #XPL0 | XPL0 | func IsPrime(N); \Return 'true' if N is a prime number
int N, I;
[if N <= 1 then return false;
for I:= 2 to sqrt(N) do
if rem(N/I) = 0 then return false;
return true;
];
int Count, N, Sum, Prime;
[Text(0, "Prime Prime
count sum
");
Count:= 0; N:= 0; Sum:= 0;
for Prime:= 2 to 1000-1 do
if IsPrime(Prime) then
[N:= N+1;
Sum:= Sum + Prime;
if IsPrime(Sum) then
[Count:= Count+1;
IntOut(0, N);
ChOut(0, 9\tab\);
IntOut(0, Sum);
CrLf(0);
];
];
IntOut(0, Count);
Text(0, " prime sums of primes found below 1000.
");
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #Nim | Nim | import sequtils, strformat
type
Vec2 = tuple[x, y: float]
Edge = tuple[p, q: Vec2]
Polygon = seq[Vec2]
func `-`(a, b: Vec2): Vec2 = (a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y)
func cross(a, b: Vec2): float = a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x
func isInside(p: Vec2; edge: Edge): bool =
(edge.q.x - edge.p.x) * (p.y - edge.p.y) > (edge.q.y - edge.p.y) * (p.x - edge.p.x)
func intersection(sEdge, cEdge: Edge): Vec2 =
let
dc = cEdge.p - cEdge.q
dp = sEdge.p - sEdge.q
n1 = cEdge.p.cross(cEdge.q)
n2 = sEdge.p.cross(sEdge.q)
n3 = 1 / dc.cross(dp)
result = ((n1 * dp.x - n2 * dc.x) * n3, (n1 * dp.y - n2 * dc.y) * n3)
func edges(poly: Polygon): seq[Edge] =
(poly[^1] & poly).zip(poly)
func clip(subjectPolygon, clipPolygon: Polygon): Polygon =
assert subjectPolygon.len > 1
assert clipPolygon.len > 1
result = subjectPolygon
for clipEdge in clipPolygon.edges:
let inputList = move(result)
result.reset()
for inEdge in inputList.edges:
if inEdge.q.isInside(clipEdge):
if not inEdge.p.isInside(clipEdge):
result.add intersection(inEdge, clipEdge)
result.add inEdge.q
elif inEdge.p.isInside(clipEdge):
result.add intersection(inEdge, clipEdge)
proc saveEpsImage(filename: string; subject, clip, clipped: Polygon) =
let eps = open(filename, fmWrite)
eps.write "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n%%%%BoundingBox: 40 40 360 360\n/l {lineto} def\n/m {moveto} def\n",
"/s {setrgbcolor} def\n/c {closepath} def\n/gs {fill grestore stroke} def\n"
eps.write &"0 setlinewidth {clip[0].x} {clip[0].y} m "
for i in 1..clip.high:
eps.write &"{clip[i].x} {clip[i].y} l "
eps.writeLine "c 0.5 0 0 s gsave 1 0.7 0.7 s gs"
eps.write &"{subject[0].x} {subject[0].y} m "
for i in 1..subject.high:
eps.write &"{subject[i].x} {subject[i].y} l "
eps.writeLine "c 0 0.2 0.5 s gsave 0.4 0.7 1 s gs"
eps.write &"2 setlinewidth [10 8] 0 setdash {clipped[0].x} {clipped[0].y} m "
for i in 1..clipped.high:
eps.write &"{clipped[i].x} {clipped[i].y} l "
eps.writeLine &"c 0.5 0 0.5 s gsave 0.7 0.3 0.8 s gs"
eps.writeLine "%%%%EOF"
eps.close()
echo &"File “{filename}” written."
when isMainModule:
let
subjectPolygon = @[(50.0, 150.0), (200.0, 50.0), (350.0, 150.0),
(350.0, 300.0), (250.0, 300.0), (200.0, 250.0),
(150.0, 350.0), (100.0, 250.0), (100.0, 200.0)]
clippingPolygon = @[(100.0, 100.0), (300.0, 100.0), (300.0, 300.0), (100.0, 300.0)]
clipped = subjectPolygon.clip(clippingPolygon)
for point in clipped:
echo &"({point.x:.3f}, {point.y:.3f})"
saveEpsImage("sutherland_hodgman_clipping_out.eps", subjectPolygon, clippingPolygon, clipped) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #OCaml | OCaml | let is_inside (x,y) ((ax,ay), (bx,by)) =
(bx -. ax) *. (y -. ay) > (by -. ay) *. (x -. ax)
let intersection (sx,sy) (ex,ey) ((ax,ay), (bx,by)) =
let dc_x, dc_y = (ax -. bx, ay -. by) in
let dp_x, dp_y = (sx -. ex, sy -. ey) in
let n1 = ax *. by -. ay *. bx in
let n2 = sx *. ey -. sy *. ex in
let n3 = 1.0 /. (dc_x *. dp_y -. dc_y *. dp_x) in
((n1 *. dp_x -. n2 *. dc_x) *. n3,
(n1 *. dp_y -. n2 *. dc_y) *. n3)
let last lst = List.hd (List.rev lst)
let polygon_iter_edges poly f init =
if poly = [] then init else
let p0 = List.hd poly in
let rec aux acc = function
| p1 :: p2 :: tl -> aux (f (p1, p2) acc) (p2 :: tl)
| p :: [] -> f (p, p0) acc
| [] -> acc
in
aux init poly
let poly_clip subject_polygon clip_polygon =
polygon_iter_edges clip_polygon (fun clip_edge input_list ->
fst (
List.fold_left (fun (out, s) e ->
match (is_inside e clip_edge), (is_inside s clip_edge) with
| true, false -> (e :: (intersection s e clip_edge) :: out), e
| true, true -> (e :: out), e
| false, true -> ((intersection s e clip_edge) :: out), e
| false, false -> (out, e)
) ([], last input_list) input_list)
) subject_polygon
let () =
let subject_polygon =
[ ( 50.0, 150.0); (200.0, 50.0); (350.0, 150.0);
(350.0, 300.0); (250.0, 300.0); (200.0, 250.0);
(150.0, 350.0); (100.0, 250.0); (100.0, 200.0); ] in
let clip_polygon =
[ (100.0, 100.0); (300.0, 100.0); (300.0, 300.0); (100.0, 300.0) ] in
List.iter (fun (x,y) ->
Printf.printf " (%g, %g)\n" x y;
) (poly_clip subject_polygon clip_polygon) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #F.23 | F# | > let a = set ["John"; "Bob"; "Mary"; "Serena"]
let b = set ["Jim"; "Mary"; "John"; "Bob"];;
val a : Set<string> = set ["Bob"; "John"; "Mary"; "Serena"]
val b : Set<string> = set ["Bob"; "Jim"; "John"; "Mary"]
> (a-b) + (b-a);;
val it : Set<string> = set ["Jim"; "Serena"] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Mercury | Mercury | :- module notes.
:- interface.
:- import_module io.
:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.
:- implementation.
:- import_module list, time.
main(!IO) :-
io.command_line_arguments(Args, !IO),
( if Args = [] then print_notes(!IO) else add_note(Args, !IO) ).
:- pred print_notes(io::di, io::uo) is det.
print_notes(!IO) :-
io.open_input(notes_filename, InputRes, !IO),
(
InputRes = ok(Input),
io.input_stream_foldl_io(Input, io.write_char, WriteRes, !IO),
(
WriteRes = ok
;
WriteRes = error(WriteError),
print_io_error(WriteError, !IO)
),
io.close_input(Input, !IO)
;
InputRes = error(_InputError)
).
:- pred add_note(list(string)::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.
add_note(Words, !IO) :-
io.open_append(notes_filename, OutputRes, !IO),
(
OutputRes = ok(Output),
time(Time, !IO),
io.write_string(Output, ctime(Time), !IO),
io.write_char(Output, '\t', !IO),
io.write_list(Output, Words, " ", io.write_string, !IO),
io.nl(Output, !IO),
io.close_output(Output, !IO)
;
OutputRes = error(OutputError),
print_io_error(OutputError, !IO)
).
:- pred print_io_error(io.error::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.
print_io_error(Error, !IO) :-
io.stderr_stream(Stderr, !IO),
io.write_string(Stderr, io.error_message(Error), !IO),
io.set_exit_status(1, !IO).
:- func notes_filename = string.
notes_filename = "NOTES.TXT".
:- end_module notes. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Nim | Nim | import os, times, strutils
if paramCount() == 0:
try: stdout.write readFile("notes.txt")
except IOError: discard
else:
var f = open("notes.txt", fmAppend)
f.writeLine getTime()
f.writeLine "\t", commandLineParams().join(" ")
f.close() |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #OCaml | OCaml | #! /usr/bin/env ocaml
#load "unix.cma"
let notes_file = "notes.txt"
let take_notes() =
let gmt = Unix.gmtime (Unix.time()) in
let date =
Printf.sprintf "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d"
(1900 + gmt.Unix.tm_year) (1 + gmt.Unix.tm_mon) gmt.Unix.tm_mday
gmt.Unix.tm_hour gmt.Unix.tm_min gmt.Unix.tm_sec
in
let oc = open_out_gen [Open_append; Open_creat; Open_text] 0o644 notes_file in
output_string oc (date ^ "\t");
output_string oc (String.concat " " (List.tl(Array.to_list Sys.argv)));
output_string oc "\n";
;;
let dump_notes() =
if not(Sys.file_exists notes_file)
then (prerr_endline "no local notes found"; exit 1);
let ic = open_in notes_file in
try while true do
print_endline (input_line ic)
done with End_of_file ->
close_in ic
let () =
if Array.length Sys.argv = 1
then dump_notes()
else take_notes() |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superellipse | Superellipse | A superellipse is a geometric figure defined as the set of all points (x, y) with
|
x
a
|
n
+
|
y
b
|
n
=
1
,
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|^{n}\!+\left|{\frac {y}{b}}\right|^{n}\!=1,}
where n, a, and b are positive numbers.
Task
Draw a superellipse with n = 2.5, and a = b = 200
| #Processing | Processing |
//Aamrun, 29th June 2022
float a = 200, b = 200, n = 2.5;
float i, incr = 0.001;
int xMul,yMul;
size(500,500);
stroke(#ff0000);
for(i=0;i<2*PI;i+=incr){
if(PI/2<i && i<3*PI/2)
xMul = -1;
else
xMul = 1;
if(PI<i && i<2*PI)
yMul = -1;
else
yMul = 1;
ellipse(width/2 + xMul * a*pow(abs(cos(i)),2/n),height/2 + yMul * b*pow(abs(sin(i)),2/n),1,1);
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Ring | Ring |
# Project : Taxicab numbers
num = 0
for n = 1 to 500000
nr = 0
tax = []
for m = 1 to 75
for p = m + 1 to 75
if n = pow(m, 3) + pow(p, 3)
add(tax, m)
add(tax, p)
nr = nr + 1
ok
next
next
if nr > 1
num = num + 1
see "" + num + " " + n + " => " + tax[1] + "^3 + " + tax[2] + "^3" + ", "
see "" + tax[3] + "^3 +" + tax[4] + "^3" + nl
if num = 25
exit
ok
ok
next
see "ok" + nl
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Ruby | Ruby | def taxicab_number(nmax=1200)
[*1..nmax].repeated_combination(2).group_by{|x,y| x**3 + y**3}.select{|k,v| v.size>1}.sort
end
t = [0] + taxicab_number
[*1..25, *2000...2007].each do |i|
puts "%4d: %10d" % [i, t[i][0]] + t[i][1].map{|a| " = %4d**3 + %4d**3" % a}.join
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #Elixir | Elixir | defmodule Temperature do
def conversion(t) do
IO.puts "K : #{f(t)}"
IO.puts "\nC : #{f(t - 273.15)}"
IO.puts "\nF : #{f(t * 1.8 - 459.67)}"
IO.puts "\nR : #{f(t * 1.8)}"
end
defp f(a) do
Float.round(a, 2)
end
def task, do: conversion(21.0)
end
Temperature.task |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #Erlang | Erlang | % Implemented by Arjun Sunel
-module(temp_conv).
-export([main/0]).
main() ->
conversion(21).
conversion(T) ->
io:format("\nK : ~p\n\n",[f(T)]),
io:format("C : ~p \n\n",[f(T - 273.15)]),
io:format("F : ~p\n\n",[f(T * 1.8 - 459.67)]),
io:format("R : ~p\n\n",[f(T * 1.8)]).
f(A) ->
(round(A*100))/100 .
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic | Ternary logic |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ternary logic. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
In logic, a three-valued logic (also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.
This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.
Conceptual form and basic ideas were initially created by Łukasiewicz, Lewis and Sulski.
These were then re-formulated by Grigore Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Example Ternary Logic Operators in Truth Tables:
not a
¬
True
False
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
a and b
∧
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
False
False
False
a or b
∨
True
Maybe
False
True
True
True
True
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
Maybe
False
if a then b
⊃
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
True
True
a is equivalent to b
≡
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
Maybe
True
Task
Define a new type that emulates ternary logic by storing data trits.
Given all the binary logic operators of the original programming language, reimplement these operators for the new Ternary logic type trit.
Generate a sampling of results using trit variables.
Kudos for actually thinking up a test case algorithm where ternary logic is intrinsically useful, optimises the test case algorithm and is preferable to binary logic.
Note: Setun (Сетунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic
| #Red | Red | Red ["Ternary logic"]
; define trits as a set of 3 Red words: 'oui, 'non and 'bof
; ('bof is a French teenager word expressing indifference)
trits: [oui bof non]
; set the value of each word to itself
; so the expression " oui " will evaluate to word 'oui
foreach t trits [set t to-lit-word t]
; utility function to test if a word is a trit
trit?: function [t] [not none? find trits t]
; ------ prefix operators ------
; unary operator
tnot: !: function [a][
select [oui non oui bof bof] a
]
; binary (prefix) operators
tand: function [a b][
either all [a = oui b = oui][oui][
either any [a = non b = non][non][bof]
]]
tor: function [a b][
either any [a = oui b = oui][oui][
either all [a = non b = non][non][bof]
]]
timp: function [a b][
either a = oui [b][
either a = non [oui][
either b = oui [oui][bof]
]]]
teq: function [a b][
either any [a = bof b = bof][bof][
either a = b [oui][non]
]]
; ------ infix operators ------
&: make op! :tand
|: make op! :tor
=>: make op! :timp
<=>: make op! :teq
; some examples
probe init: [
a: oui
b: bof
c: non]
do init
foreach s [[! (! a)] [a & b] [a | (b & (oui | non))]
[! ((a | b) | b & c)] [(a & b) | c]][
print rejoin [pad mold s 25 " " do s]
]
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/1 | Text processing/1 | This task has been flagged for clarification. Code on this page in its current state may be flagged incorrect once this task has been clarified. See this page's Talk page for discussion.
Often data is produced by one program, in the wrong format for later use by another program or person. In these situations another program can be written to parse and transform the original data into a format useful to the other. The term "Data Munging" is often used in programming circles for this task.
A request on the comp.lang.awk newsgroup led to a typical data munging task:
I have to analyse data files that have the following format:
Each row corresponds to 1 day and the field logic is: $1 is the date,
followed by 24 value/flag pairs, representing measurements at 01:00,
02:00 ... 24:00 of the respective day. In short:
<date> <val1> <flag1> <val2> <flag2> ... <val24> <flag24>
Some test data is available at:
... (nolonger available at original location)
I have to sum up the values (per day and only valid data, i.e. with
flag>0) in order to calculate the mean. That's not too difficult.
However, I also need to know what the "maximum data gap" is, i.e. the
longest period with successive invalid measurements (i.e values with
flag<=0)
The data is free to download and use and is of this format:
Data is no longer available at that link. Zipped mirror available here (offsite mirror).
1991-03-30 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
1991-03-31 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1 50.000 1 60.000 1 40.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 25.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1
1991-03-31 40.000 1 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2
1991-04-01 0.000 -2 13.000 1 16.000 1 21.000 1 24.000 1 22.000 1 20.000 1 18.000 1 29.000 1 44.000 1 50.000 1 43.000 1 38.000 1 27.000 1 27.000 1 24.000 1 23.000 1 18.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-02 8.000 1 9.000 1 11.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 27.000 1 26.000 1 27.000 1 33.000 1 32.000 1 31.000 1 29.000 1 31.000 1 25.000 1 25.000 1 24.000 1 21.000 1 17.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-03 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 15.000 1 24.000 1 28.000 1 24.000 1 18.000 1 14.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
Only a sample of the data showing its format is given above. The full example file may be downloaded here.
Structure your program to show statistics for each line of the file, (similar to the original Python, Perl, and AWK examples below), followed by summary statistics for the file. When showing example output just show a few line statistics and the full end summary.
| #Ursala | Ursala | #import std
#import nat
#import flo
parsed_data = ^|A(~&,* ^|/%ep@iNC ~&h==`1)*htK27K28pPCS (sep 9%cOi&)*FyS readings_dot_txt
daily_stats =
* ^|A(~&,@rFlS ^/length ^/plus:-0. ||0.! ~&i&& mean); mat` + <.
~&n,
'accept: '--+ @ml printf/'%7.0f'+ float,
'total: '--+ @mrl printf/'%10.1f',
'average: '--+ @mrr printf/'%7.3f'>
long_run =
-+
~&i&& ^|TNC('maximum of '--@h+ %nP,' consecutive false readings ending on line '--),
@nmrSPDSL -&~&,leql$^; ^/length ~&zn&-@hrZPF+ rlc both ~&rZ+-
main = ^T(daily_stats^lrNCT/~& @mSL 'summary ':,long_run) parsed_data |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #PowerShell | PowerShell | $days = @{
1 = "first";
2 = "second";
3 = "third";
4 = "fourth";
5 = "fifth";
6 = "sixth";
7 = "seventh";
8 = "eight";
9 = "ninth";
10 = "tenth";
11 = "eleventh";
12 = "twelfth";
}
$gifts = @{
1 = 'A partridge in a pear tree';
2 = 'Two turtle doves';
3 = 'Three french hens';
4 = 'Four calling birds';
5 = 'Five golden rings';
6 = 'Six geese a-laying';
7 = 'Seven swans a-swimming';
8 = 'Eight maids a-milking';
9 = 'Nine ladies dancing';
10 = 'Ten lords a-leaping';
11 = 'Eleven pipers piping';
12 = 'Twelve drummers drumming';
}
1 .. 12 | % {
"On the $($days[$_]) day of Christmas`nMy true love gave to me"
$_ .. 1 | % {
$gift = $gifts[$_]
if ($_ -eq 2) { $gift += " and" }
$gift
}
""
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #Phix | Phix | -- demo\rosetta\Synchronous_concurrency.exw
without js -- threads, file i/o, command_line()
string filename = substitute(command_line()[2],".exe",".exw")
atom frThread, -- file reader thread
lcThread -- line counter thread
sequence queue = {}
integer qlock = init_cs(),
linecount = 1
procedure readfile()
integer fn = open(filename,"r")
while 1 do
object line = gets(fn)
enter_cs(qlock)
queue = append(queue,line)
line = atom(line) -- kill refcount!
leave_cs(qlock)
if line then exit end if
end while
close(fn)
wait_thread(lcThread)
printf(1,"Lines read: %d\n",linecount)
exit_thread(0)
end procedure
procedure countlines()
linecount = 0
while 1 do
enter_cs(qlock)
if length(queue)=0 then
leave_cs(qlock)
-- sleep(0.1)
else
object line = queue[1]
queue = queue[2..$]
leave_cs(qlock)
if atom(line) then exit end if
-- ?line
linecount += 1
end if
end while
exit_thread(0)
end procedure
lcThread = create_thread(countlines,{})
frThread = create_thread(readfile,{})
wait_thread(frThread)
puts(1,"done")
{} = wait_key()
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #Clojure | Clojure | (import '[java.util Date])
; the current system date time string
(print (new Date))
; the system time as milliseconds since 1970
(print (. (new Date) getTime))
; or
(print (System/currentTimeMillis)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #CLU | CLU | start_up = proc ()
stream$putl(stream$primary_output(), date$unparse(now()))
end start_up |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_and_say_sequence | Summarize and say sequence | There are several ways to generate a self-referential sequence. One very common one (the Look-and-say sequence) is to start with a positive integer, then generate the next term by concatenating enumerated groups of adjacent alike digits:
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 1113122110, 311311222110 ...
The terms generated grow in length geometrically and never converge.
Another way to generate a self-referential sequence is to summarize the previous term.
Count how many of each alike digit there is, then concatenate the sum and digit for each of the sorted enumerated digits. Note that the first five terms are the same as for the previous sequence.
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 13123110, 23124110 ...
Sort the digits largest to smallest. Do not include counts of digits that do not appear in the previous term.
Depending on the seed value, series generated this way always either converge to a stable value or to a short cyclical pattern. (For our purposes, I'll use converge to mean an element matches a previously seen element.) The sequence shown, with a seed value of 0, converges to a stable value of 1433223110 after 11 iterations. The seed value that converges most quickly is 22. It goes stable after the first element. (The next element is 22, which has been seen before.)
Task
Find all the positive integer seed values under 1000000, for the above convergent self-referential sequence, that takes the largest number of iterations before converging. Then print out the number of iterations and the sequence they return. Note that different permutations of the digits of the seed will yield the same sequence. For this task, assume leading zeros are not permitted.
Seed Value(s): 9009 9090 9900
Iterations: 21
Sequence: (same for all three seeds except for first element)
9009
2920
192210
19222110
19323110
1923123110
1923224110
191413323110
191433125110
19151423125110
19251413226110
1916151413325110
1916251423127110
191716151413326110
191726151423128110
19181716151413327110
19182716151423129110
29181716151413328110
19281716151423228110
19281716151413427110
19182716152413228110
Related tasks
Fours is the number of letters in the ...
Look-and-say sequence
Number names
Self-describing numbers
Spelling of ordinal numbers
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Also see
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
| #Eiffel | Eiffel |
class
SELF_REFERENTIAL_SEQUENCE
create
make
feature
make
local
i: INTEGER
length, max: INTEGER_64
do
create seed_value.make
create sequence.make (25)
create permuted_values.make
from
i := 1
until
i > 1000000
loop
length := check_length (i.out)
if length > max then
max := length
seed_value.wipe_out
seed_value.extend (i)
elseif length = max then
seed_value.extend (i)
end
sequence.wipe_out
i := next_ascending (i).to_integer
end
io.put_string ("Maximal length: " + max.out)
io.put_string ("%NSeed Value: %N")
across
seed_value as s
loop
permute (s.item.out, 1)
end
across
permuted_values as p
loop
io.put_string (p.item + "%N")
end
io.put_string ("Sequence:%N")
max := check_length (seed_value [1].out)
across
sequence as s
loop
io.put_string (s.item)
io.new_line
end
end
next_ascending (n: INTEGER_64): STRING
-- Next number with ascending digits after 'n'.
-- Numbers with trailing zeros are treated as ascending numbers.
local
st: STRING
first, should_be, zero: STRING
i: INTEGER
do
create Result.make_empty
create zero.make_empty
st := (n + 1).out
from
until
st.count < 2
loop
first := st.at (1).out
if st [2] ~ '0' then
from
i := 3
until
i > st.count
loop
zero.append ("0")
i := i + 1
end
Result.append (first + first + zero)
st := ""
else
should_be := st.at (2).out
if first > should_be then
should_be := first
end
st.remove_head (2)
st.prepend (should_be)
Result.append (first)
end
end
if st.count > 0 then
Result.append (st [st.count].out)
end
end
feature {NONE}
seed_value: SORTED_TWO_WAY_LIST [INTEGER]
permuted_values: SORTED_TWO_WAY_LIST [STRING]
sequence: ARRAYED_LIST [STRING]
permute (a: STRING; k: INTEGER)
-- All permutations of 'a'.
require
count_positive: a.count > 0
k_valid_index: k > 0
local
t: CHARACTER
b: STRING
found: BOOLEAN
do
across
permuted_values as p
loop
if p.item ~ a then
found := True
end
end
if k = a.count and a [1] /= '0' and not found then
create b.make_empty
b.deep_copy (a)
permuted_values.extend (b)
else
across
k |..| a.count as c
loop
t := a [k]
a [k] := a [c.item]
a [c.item] := t
permute (a, k + 1)
t := a [k]
a [k] := a [c.item]
a [c.item] := t
end
end
end
check_length (i: STRING): INTEGER_64
-- Length of the self referential sequence starting with 'i'.
local
found: BOOLEAN
j: INTEGER
s: STRING
do
create s.make_from_string (i)
from
until
found
loop
sequence.extend (s)
s := next (s)
from
j := sequence.count - 1
until
j < 1
loop
if sequence [j] ~ s then
found := True
end
j := j - 1
end
end
Result := sequence.count
end
next (n: STRING): STRING
-- Next item after 'n' in a self referential sequence.
local
i, count: INTEGER
counter: ARRAY [INTEGER]
do
create counter.make_filled (0, 0, 9)
create Result.make_empty
from
i := 1
until
i > n.count
loop
count := n [i].out.to_integer
counter [count] := counter [count] + 1
i := i + 1
end
from
i := 9
until
i < 0
loop
if counter [i] > 0 then
Result.append (counter [i].out + i.out)
end
i := i - 1
end
end
end
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #Perl | Perl | use strict;
use warnings;
sub intersection {
my($L11, $L12, $L21, $L22) = @_;
my ($d1x, $d1y) = ($$L11[0] - $$L12[0], $$L11[1] - $$L12[1]);
my ($d2x, $d2y) = ($$L21[0] - $$L22[0], $$L21[1] - $$L22[1]);
my $n1 = $$L11[0] * $$L12[1] - $$L11[1] * $$L12[0];
my $n2 = $$L21[0] * $$L22[1] - $$L21[1] * $$L22[0];
my $n3 = 1 / ($d1x * $d2y - $d2x * $d1y);
[($n1 * $d2x - $n2 * $d1x) * $n3, ($n1 * $d2y - $n2 * $d1y) * $n3]
}
sub is_inside {
my($p1, $p2, $p3) = @_;
($$p2[0] - $$p1[0]) * ($$p3[1] - $$p1[1]) > ($$p2[1] - $$p1[1]) * ($$p3[0] - $$p1[0])
}
sub sutherland_hodgman {
my($polygon, $clip) = @_;
my @output = @$polygon;
my $clip_point1 = $$clip[-1];
for my $clip_point2 (@$clip) {
my @input = @output;
@output = ();
my $start = $input[-1];
for my $end (@input) {
if (is_inside($clip_point1, $clip_point2, $end)) {
push @output, intersection($clip_point1, $clip_point2, $start, $end)
unless is_inside($clip_point1, $clip_point2, $start);
push @output, $end;
} elsif (is_inside($clip_point1, $clip_point2, $start)) {
push @output, intersection($clip_point1, $clip_point2, $start, $end);
}
$start = $end;
}
$clip_point1 = $clip_point2;
}
@output
}
my @polygon = ([50, 150], [200, 50], [350, 150], [350, 300], [250, 300],
[200, 250], [150, 350], [100, 250], [100, 200]);
my @clip = ([100, 100], [300, 100], [300, 300], [100, 300]);
my @clipped = sutherland_hodgman(\@polygon, \@clip);
print "Clipped polygon:\n";
print '(' . join(' ', @$_) . ') ' for @clipped; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #Factor | Factor | : symmetric-diff ( a b -- c )
[ diff ] [ swap diff ] 2bi append ;
{ "John" "Bob" "Mary" "Serena" } { "Jim" "Mary" "John" "Bob" } symmetric-diff . |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #Forth | Forth | : elm ( n -- ; one cell per set )
[ cell 8 * 1- ] literal umin CREATE 1 swap lshift ,
DOES> ( -- 2^n ) @ ;
: universe ( u "name" -- )
dup 0 DO I elm latest swap LOOP
CREATE dup , 0 DO , LOOP
DOES> ( n a -- ) dup @ tuck cells +
swap 0
DO ( n a' )
over I rshift 1 AND
IF dup @ name>string space type THEN
1 cells -
LOOP 2drop ;
5 universe john bob mary serena jim persons
john bob mary serena or or or
jim mary john bob or or or
2dup xor persons
2dup -1 xor and cr persons
swap -1 xor and cr persons
cr bye
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Oz | Oz | functor
import
Application
Open
OS
System
define
fun {TimeStamp}
N = {OS.localTime}
in
(1900+N.year)#"-"#(1+N.mon)#"-"#N.mDay#", "#N.hour#":"#N.min#":"#N.sec
end
fun {Join X|Xr Sep}
{FoldL Xr fun {$ Z X} Z#Sep#X end X}
end
case {Application.getArgs plain}
of nil then
try
F = {New Open.file init(name:"notes.txt")}
in
{System.printInfo {F read(list:$ size:all)}}
{F close}
catch _ then skip end
[] Args then
F = {New Open.file init(name:"notes.txt" flags:[write text create append])}
in
{F write(vs:{TimeStamp}#"\n")}
{F write(vs:"\t"#{Join Args " "}#"\n")}
{F close}
end
{Application.exit 0}
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Pascal | Pascal |
{$mode delphi}
PROGRAM notes;
// Notes: a time-stamped command line notebook
// usage: >notes "note"< or >notes< to display contents
USES Classes, SysUtils;
VAR
Note : TStringList;
Fname : STRING = 'Notes.txt';
Dtime : STRING;
Ntext : STRING;
c : Cardinal;
BEGIN
DTime := FormatDateTime('YYYY-MM-DD-hhnn',Now);
Note := TStringList.Create;
WITH Note DO BEGIN
TRY
LoadFromFile(Fname);
EXCEPT
Add(DTime);
NText := 'Notes.txt created.';
END;
// command line args present:
// add note with date & time
IF ParamStr(1) <> '' THEN BEGIN
NText := ParamStr(1);
Add(DTime);
Add(NText);
SaveToFile(Fname);
// command line args absent:
// display contents of notebook
END ELSE
FOR c := 0 TO Count-1 DO
Writeln(Note[c]);
Free;
END;
END.
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superellipse | Superellipse | A superellipse is a geometric figure defined as the set of all points (x, y) with
|
x
a
|
n
+
|
y
b
|
n
=
1
,
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|^{n}\!+\left|{\frac {y}{b}}\right|^{n}\!=1,}
where n, a, and b are positive numbers.
Task
Draw a superellipse with n = 2.5, and a = b = 200
| #Python | Python |
# Superellipse drawing in Python 2.7.9
# pic can see at http://www.imgup.cz/image/712
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from math import sin, cos, pi
def sgn(x):
return ((x>0)-(x<0))*1
a,b,n=200,200,2.5 # param n making shape
na=2/n
step=100 # accuracy
piece=(pi*2)/step
xp=[];yp=[]
t=0
for t1 in range(step+1):
# because sin^n(x) is mathematically the same as (sin(x))^n...
x=(abs((cos(t)))**na)*a*sgn(cos(t))
y=(abs((sin(t)))**na)*b*sgn(sin(t))
xp.append(x);yp.append(y)
t+=piece
plt.plot(xp,yp) # plotting all point from array xp, yp
plt.title("Superellipse with parameter "+str(n))
plt.show()
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Rust | Rust |
use std::collections::HashMap;
use itertools::Itertools;
fn cubes(n: u64) -> Vec<u64> {
let mut cube_vector = Vec::new();
for i in 1..=n {
cube_vector.push(i.pow(3));
}
cube_vector
}
fn main() {
let c = cubes(1201);
let it = c.iter().combinations(2);
let mut m = HashMap::new();
for x in it {
let sum = x[0] + x[1];
m.entry(sum).or_insert(Vec::new()).push(x)
}
let mut result = Vec::new();
for (k,v) in m.iter() {
if v.len() > 1 {
result.push((k,v));
}
}
result.sort();
for f in result {
println!("{:?}", f);
}
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Scala | Scala | import scala.collection.MapView
import scala.math.pow
implicit class Pairs[A, B]( p:List[(A, B)]) {
def collectPairs: MapView[A, List[B]] = p.groupBy(_._1).view.mapValues(_.map(_._2)).filterNot(_._2.size<2)
}
// Make a sorted List of Taxi Cab Numbers. Limit it to the cube of 1200 because we know it's high enough.
val taxiNums = {
(1 to 1200).toList // Start with a sequential list of integers
.combinations(2).toList // Find all two number combinations
.map {
case a :: b :: nil => ((pow(a, 3) + pow(b, 3)).toInt, (a, b))
case _ => 0 ->(0, 0)
} // Turn the list into the sum of two cubes and
// remember what we started with, eg. 28->(1,3)
.collectPairs // Only keep taxi cab numbers with a duplicate
.toList.sortBy(_._1) // Sort the results
}
def output() : Unit = {
println( "%20s".format( "Taxi Cab Numbers" ) )
println( "%20s%15s%15s".format( "-"*20, "-"*15, "-"*15 ) )
taxiNums.take(25) foreach {
case (p, a::b::Nil) => println( "%20d\t(%d\u00b3 + %d\u00b3)\t\t(%d\u00b3 + %d\u00b3)".format(p,a._1,a._2,b._1,b._2) )
}
taxiNums.slice(1999,2007) foreach {
case (p, a::b::Nil) => println( "%20d\t(%d\u00b3 + %d\u00b3)\t(%d\u00b3 + %d\u00b3)".format(p,a._1,a._2,b._1,b._2) )
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #Euphoria | Euphoria |
include std/console.e
atom K
while 1 do
K = prompt_number("Enter temperature in Kelvin >=0: ",{0,4294967296})
printf(1,"K = %5.2f\nC = %5.2f\nF = %5.2f\nR = %5.2f\n\n",{K,K-273.15,K*1.8-459.67,K*1.8})
end while
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic | Ternary logic |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ternary logic. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
In logic, a three-valued logic (also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.
This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.
Conceptual form and basic ideas were initially created by Łukasiewicz, Lewis and Sulski.
These were then re-formulated by Grigore Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Example Ternary Logic Operators in Truth Tables:
not a
¬
True
False
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
a and b
∧
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
False
False
False
a or b
∨
True
Maybe
False
True
True
True
True
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
Maybe
False
if a then b
⊃
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
True
True
a is equivalent to b
≡
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
Maybe
True
Task
Define a new type that emulates ternary logic by storing data trits.
Given all the binary logic operators of the original programming language, reimplement these operators for the new Ternary logic type trit.
Generate a sampling of results using trit variables.
Kudos for actually thinking up a test case algorithm where ternary logic is intrinsically useful, optimises the test case algorithm and is preferable to binary logic.
Note: Setun (Сетунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic
| #REXX | REXX | /*REXX program displays a ternary truth table [true, false, maybe] for the variables */
/*──── and one or more expressions. */
/*──── Infix notation is supported with one character propositional constants. */
/*──── Variables (propositional constants) allowed: A ──► Z, a ──► z except u.*/
/*──── All propositional constants are case insensative (except lowercase v). */
parse arg $express /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if $express\='' then do /*Got one? Then show user's expression*/
call truthTable $express /*display the user's truth table──►term*/
exit /*we're all done with the truth table. */
end
call truthTable "a & b ; AND"
call truthTable "a | b ; OR"
call truthTable "a ^ b ; XOR"
call truthTable "a ! b ; NOR"
call truthTable "a ¡ b ; NAND"
call truthTable "a xnor b ; XNOR" /*XNOR is the same as NXOR. */
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
truthTable: procedure; parse arg $ ';' comm 1 $o; $o=strip($o)
$=translate(strip($), '|', "v"); $u=$; upper $u
$u=translate($u, '()()()', "[]{}«»"); $$.=0; PCs=; hdrPCs=
@abc= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; @abcU=@abc; upper @abcU
@= 'ff'x /*─────────infix operators───────*/
op.= /*a single quote (') wasn't */
/* implemented for negation. */
op.0 = 'false boolFALSE' /*unconditionally FALSE */
op.1 = 'and and & *' /* AND, conjunction */
op.2 = 'naimpb NaIMPb' /*not A implies B */
op.3 = 'boolb boolB' /*B (value of) */
op.4 = 'nbimpa NbIMPa' /*not B implies A */
op.5 = 'boola boolA' /*A (value of) */
op.6 = 'xor xor && % ^' /* XOR, exclusive OR */
op.7 = 'or or | + v' /* OR, disjunction */
op.8 = 'nor nor ! ↓' /* NOR, not OR, Pierce operator */
op.9 = 'xnor xnor nxor' /*NXOR, not exclusive OR, not XOR*/
op.10 = 'notb notB' /*not B (value of) */
op.11 = 'bimpa bIMPa' /* B implies A */
op.12 = 'nota notA' /*not A (value of) */
op.13 = 'aimpb aIMPb' /* A implies B */
op.14 = 'nand nand ¡ ↑' /*NAND, not AND, Sheffer operator*/
op.15 = 'true boolTRUE' /*unconditionally TRUE */
/*alphabetic names need changing.*/
op.16 = '\ NOT ~ ─ . ¬' /* NOT, negation */
op.17 = '> GT' /*conditional greater than */
op.18 = '>= GE ─> => ──> ==>' "1a"x /*conditional greater than or eq.*/
op.19 = '< LT' /*conditional less than */
op.20 = '<= LE <─ <= <── <==' /*conditional less then or equal */
op.21 = '\= NE ~= ─= .= ¬=' /*conditional not equal to */
op.22 = '= EQ EQUAL EQUALS =' "1b"x /*biconditional (equals) */
op.23 = '0 boolTRUE' /*TRUEness */
op.24 = '1 boolFALSE' /*FALSEness */
op.25 = 'NOT NOT NEG' /*not, neg (negative) */
do jj=0 while op.jj\=='' | jj<16 /*change opers──►what REXX likes.*/
new=word(op.jj,1)
do kk=2 to words(op.jj) /*handle each token separately. */
_=word(op.jj, kk); upper _
if wordpos(_, $u)==0 then iterate /*no such animal in this string. */
if datatype(new, 'm') then new!=@ /*expresion needs transcribing. */
else new!=new
$u=changestr(_, $u, new!) /*transcribe the function (maybe)*/
if new!==@ then $u=changeFunc($u, @, new) /*use the internal boolean name. */
end /*kk*/
end /*jj*/
$u=translate($u, '()', "{}") /*finish cleaning up transcribing*/
do jj=1 for length(@abcU) /*see what variables are used. */
_=substr(@abcU, jj, 1) /*use available upercase alphabet*/
if pos(_,$u)==0 then iterate /*found one? No, keep looking. */
$$.jj=2 /*found: set upper bound for it.*/
PCs=PCs _ /*also, add to propositional cons*/
hdrPCs=hdrPCS center(_, length('false')) /*build a propositional cons hdr.*/
end /*jj*/
$u=PCs '('$u")" /*sep prop. cons. from expression*/
ptr='_────►_' /*a pointer for the truth table. */
hdrPCs=substr(hdrPCs,2) /*create a header for prop. cons.*/
say hdrPCs left('', length(ptr) -1) $o /*show prop cons hdr +expression.*/
say copies('───── ', words(PCs)) left('', length(ptr)-2) copies('─', length($o))
/*Note: "true"s: right─justified*/
do a=0 to $$.1
do b=0 to $$.2
do c=0 to $$.3
do d=0 to $$.4
do e=0 to $$.5
do f=0 to $$.6
do g=0 to $$.7
do h=0 to $$.8
do i=0 to $$.9
do j=0 to $$.10
do k=0 to $$.11
do l=0 to $$.12
do m=0 to $$.13
do n=0 to $$.14
do o=0 to $$.15
do p=0 to $$.16
do q=0 to $$.17
do r=0 to $$.18
do s=0 to $$.19
do t=0 to $$.20
do u=0 to $$.21
do !=0 to $$.22
do w=0 to $$.23
do x=0 to $$.24
do y=0 to $$.25
do z=0 to $$.26
interpret '_=' $u /*evaluate truth T.*/
_=changestr(0, _, 'false') /*convert 0──►false*/
_=changestr(1, _, '_true') /*convert 1──►_true*/
_=changestr(2, _, 'maybe') /*convert 2──►maybe*/
_=insert(ptr, _, wordindex(_, words(_)) -1) /*──►*/
say translate(_, , '_') /*display truth tab*/
end /*z*/
end /*y*/
end /*x*/
end /*w*/
end /*v*/
end /*u*/
end /*t*/
end /*s*/
end /*r*/
end /*q*/
end /*p*/
end /*o*/
end /*n*/
end /*m*/
end /*l*/
end /*k*/
end /*j*/
end /*i*/
end /*h*/
end /*g*/
end /*f*/
end /*e*/
end /*d*/
end /*c*/
end /*b*/
end /*a*/
say
return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
scan: procedure; parse arg x,at; L=length(x); t=L; lp=0; apost=0; quote=0
if at<0 then do; t=1; x= translate(x, '()', ")("); end
do j=abs(at) to t by sign(at); _=substr(x,j,1); __=substr(x,j,2)
if quote then do; if _\=='"' then iterate
if __=='""' then do; j=j+1; iterate; end
quote=0; iterate
end
if apost then do; if _\=="'" then iterate
if __=="''" then do; j=j+1; iterate; end
apost=0; iterate
end
if _=='"' then do; quote=1; iterate; end
if _=="'" then do; apost=1; iterate; end
if _==' ' then iterate
if _=='(' then do; lp=lp+1; iterate; end
if lp\==0 then do; if _==')' then lp=lp-1; iterate; end
if datatype(_,'U') then return j - (at<0)
if at<0 then return j + 1
end /*j*/
return min(j,L)
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
changeFunc: procedure; parse arg z,fC,newF; funcPos= 0
do forever
funcPos= pos(fC, z, funcPos + 1); if funcPos==0 then return z
origPos= funcPos
z= changestr(fC, z, ",'"newF"',")
funcPos= funcPos + length(newF) + 4
where= scan(z, funcPos) ; z= insert( '}', z, where)
where= scan(z, 1 - origPos) ; z= insert('trit{', z, where)
end /*forever*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
trit: procedure; arg a,$,b; v= \(a==2 | b==2); o= (a==1 | b==1); z= (a==0 | b==0)
select
when $=='FALSE' then return 0
when $=='AND' then if v then return a & b; else return 2
when $=='NAIMPB' then if v then return \(\a & \b); else return 2
when $=='BOOLB' then return b
when $=='NBIMPA' then if v then return \(\b & \a); else return 2
when $=='BOOLA' then return a
when $=='XOR' then if v then return a && b ; else return 2
when $=='OR' then if v then return a | b ; else if o then return 1
else return 2
when $=='NOR' then if v then return \(a | b) ; else return 2
when $=='XNOR' then if v then return \(a && b) ; else return 2
when $=='NOTB' then if v then return \b ; else return 2
when $=='NOTA' then if v then return \a ; else return 2
when $=='AIMPB' then if v then return \(a & \b) ; else return 2
when $=='NAND' then if v then return \(a & b) ; else if z then return 1
else return 2
when $=='TRUE' then return 1
otherwise return -13 /*error, unknown function.*/
end /*select*/
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/1 | Text processing/1 | This task has been flagged for clarification. Code on this page in its current state may be flagged incorrect once this task has been clarified. See this page's Talk page for discussion.
Often data is produced by one program, in the wrong format for later use by another program or person. In these situations another program can be written to parse and transform the original data into a format useful to the other. The term "Data Munging" is often used in programming circles for this task.
A request on the comp.lang.awk newsgroup led to a typical data munging task:
I have to analyse data files that have the following format:
Each row corresponds to 1 day and the field logic is: $1 is the date,
followed by 24 value/flag pairs, representing measurements at 01:00,
02:00 ... 24:00 of the respective day. In short:
<date> <val1> <flag1> <val2> <flag2> ... <val24> <flag24>
Some test data is available at:
... (nolonger available at original location)
I have to sum up the values (per day and only valid data, i.e. with
flag>0) in order to calculate the mean. That's not too difficult.
However, I also need to know what the "maximum data gap" is, i.e. the
longest period with successive invalid measurements (i.e values with
flag<=0)
The data is free to download and use and is of this format:
Data is no longer available at that link. Zipped mirror available here (offsite mirror).
1991-03-30 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
1991-03-31 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1 50.000 1 60.000 1 40.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 25.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1
1991-03-31 40.000 1 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2
1991-04-01 0.000 -2 13.000 1 16.000 1 21.000 1 24.000 1 22.000 1 20.000 1 18.000 1 29.000 1 44.000 1 50.000 1 43.000 1 38.000 1 27.000 1 27.000 1 24.000 1 23.000 1 18.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-02 8.000 1 9.000 1 11.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 27.000 1 26.000 1 27.000 1 33.000 1 32.000 1 31.000 1 29.000 1 31.000 1 25.000 1 25.000 1 24.000 1 21.000 1 17.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-03 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 15.000 1 24.000 1 28.000 1 24.000 1 18.000 1 14.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
Only a sample of the data showing its format is given above. The full example file may be downloaded here.
Structure your program to show statistics for each line of the file, (similar to the original Python, Perl, and AWK examples below), followed by summary statistics for the file. When showing example output just show a few line statistics and the full end summary.
| #VBScript | VBScript | Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(objFSO.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName) &_
"\data.txt",1)
bad_readings_total = 0
good_readings_total = 0
data_gap = 0
start_date = ""
end_date = ""
tmp_datax_gap = 0
tmp_start_date = ""
Do Until objFile.AtEndOfStream
bad_readings = 0
good_readings = 0
line_total = 0
line = objFile.ReadLine
token = Split(line,vbTab)
n = 1
Do While n <= UBound(token)
If n + 1 <= UBound(token) Then
If CInt(token(n+1)) < 1 Then
bad_readings = bad_readings + 1
bad_readings_total = bad_readings_total + 1
'Account for bad readings.
If tmp_start_date = "" Then
tmp_start_date = token(0)
End If
tmp_data_gap = tmp_data_gap + 1
Else
good_readings = good_readings + 1
line_total = line_total + CInt(token(n))
good_readings_total = good_readings_total + 1
'Sum up the bad readings.
If (tmp_start_date <> "") And (tmp_data_gap > data_gap) Then
start_date = tmp_start_date
end_date = token(0)
data_gap = tmp_data_gap
tmp_start_date = ""
tmp_data_gap = 0
Else
tmp_start_date = ""
tmp_data_gap = 0
End If
End If
End If
n = n + 2
Loop
line_avg = line_total/good_readings
WScript.StdOut.Write "Date: " & token(0) & vbTab &_
"Bad Reads: " & bad_readings & vbTab &_
"Good Reads: " & good_readings & vbTab &_
"Line Total: " & FormatNumber(line_total,3) & vbTab &_
"Line Avg: " & FormatNumber(line_avg,3)
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine
Loop
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine
WScript.StdOut.Write "Maximum run of " & data_gap &_
" consecutive bad readings from " & start_date & " to " &_
end_date & "."
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine
objFile.Close
Set objFSO = Nothing |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Prolog | Prolog | day(1, 'first').
day(2, 'second').
day(3, 'third').
day(4, 'fourth').
day(5, 'fifth').
day(6, 'sixth').
day(7, 'seventh').
day(8, 'eighth').
day(9, 'ninth').
day(10, 'tenth').
day(11, 'eleventh').
day(12, 'twelfth').
gift(1, 'A partridge in a pear tree.').
gift(2, 'Two turtle doves and').
gift(3, 'Three French hens,').
gift(4, 'Four calling birds,').
gift(5, 'Five gold rings,').
gift(6, 'Six geese a-laying,').
gift(7, 'Seven swans a-swimming,').
gift(8, 'Eight maids a-milking,').
gift(9, 'Nine ladies dancing,').
gift(10, 'Ten lords a-leaping,').
gift(11, 'Eleven pipers piping,').
gift(12, 'Twelve drummers drumming,').
giftsFor(0, []) :- !.
giftsFor(N, [H|T]) :- gift(N, H), M is N-1, giftsFor(M,T).
writeln(S) :- write(S), write('\n').
writeList([]) :- writeln(''), !.
writeList([H|T]) :- writeln(H), writeList(T).
writeGifts(N) :- day(N, Nth), write('On the '), write(Nth),
writeln(' day of Christmas, my true love sent to me:'),
giftsFor(N,L), writeList(L).
writeLoop(0) :- !.
writeLoop(N) :- Day is 13 - N, writeGifts(Day), M is N - 1, writeLoop(M).
main :- writeLoop(12), halt. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #PicoLisp | PicoLisp | # Reading task (synchronous)
(task (open "input.txt")
(let Fd @
(if (in Fd (line T)) # More lines?
(udp "localhost" 4444 @) # Yes: Send next line
(task (port T 4445) # Else install handler
(prinl (udp @) " lines") # to receive and print count
(task (close @)) )
(udp "localhost" 4444 T) # Send 'T' for "Done"
(task (close Fd)) ) ) ) # Stop the task
# Printing task (asynchronous)
(sigio (setq "Sock" (port T 4444))
(job '((Cnt . 0))
(let? X (udp "Sock")
(if (=T X) # Done?
(prog
(udp "localhost" 4445 Cnt) # Yes: Send count
(sigio (close "Sock")) ) # and stop the task
(println X) # Else print line to stdout
(inc 'Cnt) ) ) ) ) # and increment count |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #Pony | Pony | use "files"
actor Main
let _env: Env // The environment contains stdout, so we save it here
new create(env: Env) =>
_env = env
let printer: Printer tag = Printer(env)
try
let path = FilePath(env.root as AmbientAuth, "input.txt")? // this may fail, hence the ?
let file = File.open(path)
for line in FileLines(file) do
printer(line) // sugar for "printer.apply(line)"
end
end
printer.done(this)
be finish(count: USize) =>
_env.out.print("Printed: " + count.string() + " lines")
actor Printer
let _env: Env
var _count: USize = 0
new create(env: Env) => _env = env
be apply(line: String) =>
_count = _count + 1
_env.out.print(line)
be done(main: Main tag) => main.finish(_count) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #COBOL | COBOL | WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-CURRENT-DATE-FIELDS.
05 WS-CURRENT-DATE.
10 WS-CURRENT-YEAR PIC 9(4).
10 WS-CURRENT-MONTH PIC 9(2).
10 WS-CURRENT-DAY PIC 9(2).
05 WS-CURRENT-TIME.
10 WS-CURRENT-HOUR PIC 9(2).
10 WS-CURRENT-MINUTE PIC 9(2).
10 WS-CURRENT-SECOND PIC 9(2).
10 WS-CURRENT-MS PIC 9(2).
05 WS-DIFF-FROM-GMT PIC S9(4).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
MOVE FUNCTION CURRENT-DATE TO WS-CURRENT-DATE-FIELDS. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_and_say_sequence | Summarize and say sequence | There are several ways to generate a self-referential sequence. One very common one (the Look-and-say sequence) is to start with a positive integer, then generate the next term by concatenating enumerated groups of adjacent alike digits:
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 1113122110, 311311222110 ...
The terms generated grow in length geometrically and never converge.
Another way to generate a self-referential sequence is to summarize the previous term.
Count how many of each alike digit there is, then concatenate the sum and digit for each of the sorted enumerated digits. Note that the first five terms are the same as for the previous sequence.
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 13123110, 23124110 ...
Sort the digits largest to smallest. Do not include counts of digits that do not appear in the previous term.
Depending on the seed value, series generated this way always either converge to a stable value or to a short cyclical pattern. (For our purposes, I'll use converge to mean an element matches a previously seen element.) The sequence shown, with a seed value of 0, converges to a stable value of 1433223110 after 11 iterations. The seed value that converges most quickly is 22. It goes stable after the first element. (The next element is 22, which has been seen before.)
Task
Find all the positive integer seed values under 1000000, for the above convergent self-referential sequence, that takes the largest number of iterations before converging. Then print out the number of iterations and the sequence they return. Note that different permutations of the digits of the seed will yield the same sequence. For this task, assume leading zeros are not permitted.
Seed Value(s): 9009 9090 9900
Iterations: 21
Sequence: (same for all three seeds except for first element)
9009
2920
192210
19222110
19323110
1923123110
1923224110
191413323110
191433125110
19151423125110
19251413226110
1916151413325110
1916251423127110
191716151413326110
191726151423128110
19181716151413327110
19182716151423129110
29181716151413328110
19281716151423228110
19281716151413427110
19182716152413228110
Related tasks
Fours is the number of letters in the ...
Look-and-say sequence
Number names
Self-describing numbers
Spelling of ordinal numbers
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Also see
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
| #F.23 | F# |
// Summarize and say sequence . Nigel Galloway: April 23rd., 2021
let rec fN g=let n=let n,g=List.head g|>List.countBy id|>List.unzip in n@(g|>List.collect(fun g->if g<10 then [g] else [g/10;g%10]))
if List.contains n g then g.Tail|>List.rev else fN(n::g)
let rec fG n g=seq{yield! n; if g>1 then yield! fG(n|>Seq.collect(fun n->[for g in 0..List.head n->g::n]))(g-1)}
let n,g=seq{yield [0]; yield! fG(Seq.init 9 (fun n->[n+1])) 6}
|>Seq.fold(fun(n,l) g->let g=fN [g] in match g.Length with e when e<n->(n,l) |e when e>n->(e,[[g]]) |e->(n,[g]::l))(0,[])
printfn "maximum number of iterations is %d" (n+1)
for n in g do for n in n do
printf "Permutations of "; n.Head|>List.rev|>List.iter(printf "%d"); printfn " produce:"
for n in n do (for n,g in List.countBy id n|>List.sort|>List.rev do printf "%d%d" g n); printfn ""
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #Phix | Phix | --
-- demo\rosetta\Sutherland_Hodgman_polygon_clipping.exw
-- ====================================================
--
with javascript_semantics
enum X,Y
function inside(sequence cp1, cp2, p)
return (cp2[X]-cp1[X])*(p[Y]-cp1[Y])>(cp2[Y]-cp1[Y])*(p[X]-cp1[X])
end function
function intersect(sequence cp1, cp2, s, e)
atom {dcx,dcy} = {cp1[X]-cp2[X],cp1[Y]-cp2[Y]},
{dpx,dpy} = {s[X]-e[X],s[Y]-e[Y]},
n1 = cp1[X]*cp2[Y]-cp1[Y]*cp2[X],
n2 = s[X]*e[Y]-s[Y]*e[X],
n3 = 1/(dcx*dpy-dcy*dpx)
return {(n1*dpx-n2*dcx)*n3,(n1*dpy-n2*dcy)*n3}
end function
function sutherland_hodgman(sequence subjectPolygon, clipPolygon)
sequence cp1 = clipPolygon[$],
outputList = subjectPolygon
for i=1 to length(clipPolygon) do
sequence cp2 = clipPolygon[i],
inputList = outputList,
s = inputList[$]
outputList = {}
for j=1 to length(inputList) do
sequence e = inputList[j]
if inside(cp1,cp2,e) then
if not inside(cp1,cp2,s) then
outputList = append(outputList,intersect(cp1,cp2,s,e))
end if
outputList = append(outputList,e)
elsif inside(cp1,cp2,s) then
outputList = append(outputList,intersect(cp1,cp2,s,e))
end if
s = e
end for
cp1 = cp2
end for
return outputList
end function
constant subjectPolygon = {{50, 150}, {200, 50}, {350, 150}, {350, 300},
{250, 300}, {200, 250}, {150, 350}, {100, 250},
{100, 200}},
clipPolygon = {{100, 100}, {300, 100}, {300, 300}, {100, 300}}
sequence clippedPolygon = sutherland_hodgman(subjectPolygon,clipPolygon)
include pGUI.e
Ihandle dlg, canvas
cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas
procedure draw_poly(sequence poly)
cdCanvasBegin(cddbuffer,CD_FILL)
for i=1 to length(poly) do
atom {x,y} = poly[i]
cdCanvasVertex(cddbuffer,x,y)
end for
cdCanvasEnd(cddbuffer)
end procedure
function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/)
cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer)
cdCanvasClear(cddbuffer)
cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_CYAN)
draw_poly(subjectPolygon)
cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_MAGENTA)
draw_poly(clipPolygon)
cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_ORANGE)
draw_poly(clippedPolygon)
cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)
cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas)
cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_WHITE)
cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_GRAY)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
procedure main()
IupOpen()
canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=400x400")
IupSetCallbacks(canvas, {"MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"),
"ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb")})
dlg = IupDialog(canvas, "RESIZE=NO")
IupSetAttribute(dlg, "TITLE", "Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping")
IupShow(dlg)
if platform()!=JS then
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()
end if
end procedure
main()
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference | Symmetric difference | Task
Given two sets A and B, compute
(
A
∖
B
)
∪
(
B
∖
A
)
.
{\displaystyle (A\setminus B)\cup (B\setminus A).}
That is, enumerate the items that are in A or B but not both. This set is called the symmetric difference of A and B.
In other words:
(
A
∪
B
)
∖
(
A
∩
B
)
{\displaystyle (A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)}
(the set of items that are in at least one of A or B minus the set of items that are in both A and B).
Optionally, give the individual differences (
A
∖
B
{\displaystyle A\setminus B}
and
B
∖
A
{\displaystyle B\setminus A}
) as well.
Test cases
A = {John, Bob, Mary, Serena}
B = {Jim, Mary, John, Bob}
Notes
If your code uses lists of items to represent sets then ensure duplicate items in lists are correctly handled. For example two lists representing sets of a = ["John", "Serena", "Bob", "Mary", "Serena"] and b = ["Jim", "Mary", "John", "Jim", "Bob"] should produce the result of just two strings: ["Serena", "Jim"], in any order.
In the mathematical notation above A \ B gives the set of items in A that are not in B; A ∪ B gives the set of items in both A and B, (their union); and A ∩ B gives the set of items that are in both A and B (their intersection).
| #Fortran | Fortran | program Symmetric_difference
implicit none
character(6) :: a(4) = (/ "John ", "Bob ", "Mary ", "Serena" /)
character(6) :: b(4) = (/ "Jim ", "Mary ", "John ", "Bob " /)
integer :: i, j
outer1: do i = 1, size(a)
do j = 1, i-1
if(a(i) == a(j)) cycle outer1 ! Do not check duplicate items
end do
if(.not. any(b == a(i))) write(*,*) a(i)
end do outer1
outer2: do i = 1, size(b)
do j = 1, i-1
if(b(i) == b(j)) cycle outer2 ! Do not check duplicate items
end do
if(.not. any(a == b(i))) write(*,*) b(i)
end do outer2
end program |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Perl | Perl | my $file = 'notes.txt';
if ( @ARGV ) {
open NOTES, '>>', $file or die "Can't append to file $file: $!";
print NOTES scalar localtime, "\n\t@ARGV\n";
} else {
open NOTES, '<', $file or die "Can't read file $file: $!";
print <NOTES>;
}
close NOTES; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Take_notes_on_the_command_line | Take notes on the command line | Take notes on the command line is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection.
Invoking NOTES without commandline arguments displays the current contents of the local NOTES.TXT if it exists.
If NOTES has arguments, the current date and time are appended to the local NOTES.TXT followed by a newline.
Then all the arguments, joined with spaces, prepended with a tab, and appended with a trailing newline, are written to NOTES.TXT.
If NOTES.TXT doesn't already exist in the current directory then a new NOTES.TXT file should be created.
| #Phix | Phix | without js -- (file i/o)
constant cmd = command_line(),
filename = "notes.txt"
if length(cmd)<3 then
object text = get_text(filename)
printf(1,"%s\n",iff(string(text)?text:"<empty>"))
else
integer fn = open(filename,"a")
printf(fn,"%d-%02d-%02d %d:%02d:%02d\n",date())
printf(fn,"\t%s\n",join(cmd[3..$]))
close(fn)
end if
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superellipse | Superellipse | A superellipse is a geometric figure defined as the set of all points (x, y) with
|
x
a
|
n
+
|
y
b
|
n
=
1
,
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|^{n}\!+\left|{\frac {y}{b}}\right|^{n}\!=1,}
where n, a, and b are positive numbers.
Task
Draw a superellipse with n = 2.5, and a = b = 200
| #QB64 | QB64 | _Title "Super Ellipse"
Dim As Integer sw, sh
Dim As Single i
sw = 480: sh = 480
Screen _NewImage(sw, sh, 8)
Cls , 15
'Show different possible Super Ellipse shapes
Color 10
For i = 0.2 To 5.0 Step .1
Call SuperEllipse(sw \ 2, sh \ 2, 200, 200, i, 80)
Next
'Show task specified Super Ellipse
Color 0
Call SuperEllipse(sw \ 2, sh \ 2, 200, 200, 2.5, 200)
Sleep
System
Sub SuperEllipse (cX As Integer, cY As Integer, wide As Integer, high As Integer, pow As Double, segs As Integer)
Dim As Double power, inc, theta, cosTheta, sinTheta
Dim As Integer x1, y1
'Limit 'pow' to acceptable values
If pow < .1 Then pow = .1
If pow > 150 Then pow = 150
power = 2 / pow - 1
inc = 360.0 / segs * 0.0174532925199432957692369
PSet (wide + cX, cY)
For theta = inc To 6.28318530717958647692528 + inc Step inc
cosTheta = Cos(theta): sinTheta = Sin(theta)
x1 = wide * cosTheta * Abs(cosTheta) ^ power + cX
y1 = high * sinTheta * Abs(sinTheta) ^ power + cY
Line -(x1, y1)
Next
End Sub |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Superellipse | Superellipse | A superellipse is a geometric figure defined as the set of all points (x, y) with
|
x
a
|
n
+
|
y
b
|
n
=
1
,
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|^{n}\!+\left|{\frac {y}{b}}\right|^{n}\!=1,}
where n, a, and b are positive numbers.
Task
Draw a superellipse with n = 2.5, and a = b = 200
| #QBasic | QBasic | SCREEN 12
CLS
a = 200
b = 200
n = 2.5
na = 2 / n
t = .01
LINE -(520, 245), 0, BF
FOR i = 0 TO 314
xp = a * SGN(COS(t)) * ABS((COS(t))) ^ na + 320
yp = b * SGN(SIN(t)) * ABS((SIN(t))) ^ na + 240
t = t + .02
LINE -(xp, yp), 1, BF
NEXT i |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Taxicab_numbers | Taxicab numbers |
A taxicab number (the definition that is being used here) is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in more than one way.
The first taxicab number is 1729, which is:
13 + 123 and also
93 + 103.
Taxicab numbers are also known as:
taxi numbers
taxi-cab numbers
taxi cab numbers
Hardy-Ramanujan numbers
Task
Compute and display the lowest 25 taxicab numbers (in numeric order, and in a human-readable format).
For each of the taxicab numbers, show the number as well as it's constituent cubes.
Extra credit
Show the 2,000th taxicab number, and a half dozen more
See also
A001235: taxicab numbers on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Hardy-Ramanujan Number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on MathWorld.
taxicab number on Wikipedia (includes the story on how taxi-cab numbers came to be called).
| #Scheme | Scheme |
(import (scheme base)
(scheme write)
(srfi 1) ; lists
(srfi 69) ; hash tables
(srfi 132)) ; sorting
(define *max-n* 1500) ; let's go up to here, maximum for x and y
(define *numbers* (make-hash-table eqv?)) ; hash table for total -> list of list of pairs
(define (retrieve key) (hash-table-ref/default *numbers* key '()))
;; add all combinations to the hash table
(do ((i 1 (+ i 1)))
((= i *max-n*) )
(do ((j (+ 1 i) (+ j 1)))
((= j *max-n*) )
(let ((n (+ (* i i i) (* j j j))))
(hash-table-set! *numbers* n
(cons (list i j) (retrieve n))))))
(define (display-number i key)
(display (+ 1 i)) (display ": ")
(display key) (display " -> ")
(display (retrieve key)) (newline))
(let ((sorted-keys (list-sort <
(filter (lambda (key) (> (length (retrieve key)) 1))
(hash-table-keys *numbers*)))))
;; first 25
(for-each (lambda (i) (display-number i (list-ref sorted-keys i)))
(iota 25))
;; 2000-2006
(for-each (lambda (i) (display-number i (list-ref sorted-keys i)))
(iota 7 1999))
)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #Excel | Excel | A1 : Kelvin
B1 : Celsius
C1 : Fahrenheit
D1 : Rankine
Name A2 : K
B2 : =K-273.15
C2 : =K*1.8-459.67
D2 : =K*1.8
Input in A1 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Temperature_conversion | Temperature conversion | There are quite a number of temperature scales. For this task we will concentrate on four of the perhaps best-known ones:
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Celsius corresponds to 273.15 kelvin.
0 kelvin is absolute zero.
The Fahrenheit and Rankine scales also have the same magnitude, but different null points.
0 degrees Fahrenheit corresponds to 459.67 degrees Rankine.
0 degrees Rankine is absolute zero.
The Celsius/Kelvin and Fahrenheit/Rankine scales have a ratio of 5 : 9.
Task
Write code that accepts a value of kelvin, converts it to values of the three other scales, and prints the result.
Example
K 21.00
C -252.15
F -421.87
R 37.80
| #Ezhil | Ezhil |
# convert from Kelvin
நிரல்பாகம் கெல்வின்_இருந்து_மாற்று( k )
பதிப்பி "Kelvin: ",k,"Celsius: ",round(k-273.15)," Fahrenheit: ",(round(k*1.8 - 459.67))," Rankine: ",(round(k*1.8))
முடி
கெல்வின்_இருந்து_மாற்று( 0 ) #absolute zero
கெல்வின்_இருந்து_மாற்று( 273 ) #freezing pt of water
கெல்வின்_இருந்து_மாற்று( 30 + 273 ) #room temperature in Summer
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic | Ternary logic |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ternary logic. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
In logic, a three-valued logic (also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.
This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.
Conceptual form and basic ideas were initially created by Łukasiewicz, Lewis and Sulski.
These were then re-formulated by Grigore Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Example Ternary Logic Operators in Truth Tables:
not a
¬
True
False
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
a and b
∧
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
False
False
False
a or b
∨
True
Maybe
False
True
True
True
True
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
Maybe
False
if a then b
⊃
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
True
Maybe
Maybe
False
True
True
True
a is equivalent to b
≡
True
Maybe
False
True
True
Maybe
False
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
False
False
Maybe
True
Task
Define a new type that emulates ternary logic by storing data trits.
Given all the binary logic operators of the original programming language, reimplement these operators for the new Ternary logic type trit.
Generate a sampling of results using trit variables.
Kudos for actually thinking up a test case algorithm where ternary logic is intrinsically useful, optimises the test case algorithm and is preferable to binary logic.
Note: Setun (Сетунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic
| #Ruby | Ruby | # trit.rb - ternary logic
# http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ternary_logic
require 'singleton'
# MAYBE, the only instance of MaybeClass, enables a system of ternary
# logic using TrueClass#trit, MaybeClass#trit and FalseClass#trit.
#
# !a.trit # ternary not
# a.trit & b # ternary and
# a.trit | b # ternary or
# a.trit ^ b # ternary exclusive or
# a.trit == b # ternary equal
#
# Though +true+ and +false+ are internal Ruby values, +MAYBE+ is not.
# Programs may want to assign +maybe = MAYBE+ in scopes that use
# ternary logic. Then programs can use +true+, +maybe+ and +false+.
class MaybeClass
include Singleton
# maybe.to_s # => "maybe"
def to_s; "maybe"; end
end
MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance
class TrueClass
TritMagic = Object.new
class << TritMagic
def index; 0; end
def !; false; end
def & other; other; end
def | other; true; end
def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end
def == other; other; end
end
# Performs ternary logic. See MaybeClass.
# !true.trit # => false
# true.trit & obj # => obj
# true.trit | obj # => true
# true.trit ^ obj # => false, maybe or true
# true.trit == obj # => obj
def trit; TritMagic; end
end
class MaybeClass
TritMagic = Object.new
class << TritMagic
def index; 1; end
def !; MAYBE; end
def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end
def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end
def ^ other; MAYBE; end
def == other; MAYBE; end
end
# Performs ternary logic. See MaybeClass.
# !maybe.trit # => maybe
# maybe.trit & obj # => maybe or false
# maybe.trit | obj # => true or maybe
# maybe.trit ^ obj # => maybe
# maybe.trit == obj # => maybe
def trit; TritMagic; end
end
class FalseClass
TritMagic = Object.new
class << TritMagic
def index; 2; end
def !; true; end
def & other; false; end
def | other; other; end
def ^ other; other; end
def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end
end
# Performs ternary logic. See MaybeClass.
# !false.trit # => true
# false.trit & obj # => false
# false.trit | obj # => obj
# false.trit ^ obj # => obj
# false.trit == obj # => false, maybe or true
def trit; TritMagic; end
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/1 | Text processing/1 | This task has been flagged for clarification. Code on this page in its current state may be flagged incorrect once this task has been clarified. See this page's Talk page for discussion.
Often data is produced by one program, in the wrong format for later use by another program or person. In these situations another program can be written to parse and transform the original data into a format useful to the other. The term "Data Munging" is often used in programming circles for this task.
A request on the comp.lang.awk newsgroup led to a typical data munging task:
I have to analyse data files that have the following format:
Each row corresponds to 1 day and the field logic is: $1 is the date,
followed by 24 value/flag pairs, representing measurements at 01:00,
02:00 ... 24:00 of the respective day. In short:
<date> <val1> <flag1> <val2> <flag2> ... <val24> <flag24>
Some test data is available at:
... (nolonger available at original location)
I have to sum up the values (per day and only valid data, i.e. with
flag>0) in order to calculate the mean. That's not too difficult.
However, I also need to know what the "maximum data gap" is, i.e. the
longest period with successive invalid measurements (i.e values with
flag<=0)
The data is free to download and use and is of this format:
Data is no longer available at that link. Zipped mirror available here (offsite mirror).
1991-03-30 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
1991-03-31 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1 50.000 1 60.000 1 40.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 30.000 1 25.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 20.000 1 35.000 1
1991-03-31 40.000 1 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2 0.000 -2
1991-04-01 0.000 -2 13.000 1 16.000 1 21.000 1 24.000 1 22.000 1 20.000 1 18.000 1 29.000 1 44.000 1 50.000 1 43.000 1 38.000 1 27.000 1 27.000 1 24.000 1 23.000 1 18.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-02 8.000 1 9.000 1 11.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 27.000 1 26.000 1 27.000 1 33.000 1 32.000 1 31.000 1 29.000 1 31.000 1 25.000 1 25.000 1 24.000 1 21.000 1 17.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 12.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1
1991-04-03 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1 9.000 1 10.000 1 15.000 1 24.000 1 28.000 1 24.000 1 18.000 1 14.000 1 12.000 1 13.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 14.000 1 15.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 13.000 1 12.000 1 10.000 1 10.000 1
Only a sample of the data showing its format is given above. The full example file may be downloaded here.
Structure your program to show statistics for each line of the file, (similar to the original Python, Perl, and AWK examples below), followed by summary statistics for the file. When showing example output just show a few line statistics and the full end summary.
| #Vedit_macro_language | Vedit macro language | #50 = Buf_Num // Current edit buffer (source data)
File_Open("output.txt")
#51 = Buf_Num // Edit buffer for output file
Buf_Switch(#50)
#10 = 0 // total sum of file data
#11 = 0 // number of valid data items in file
#12 = 0 // Current run of consecutive flags<0 in lines of file
#13 = -1 // Max consecutive flags<0 in lines of file
Reg_Empty(15) // ... and date tag(s) at line(s) where it occurs
While(!At_EOF) {
#20 = 0 // sum of line data
#21 = 0 // number of line data items with flag>0
#22 = 0 // number of line data items with flag<0
Reg_Copy_Block(14, Cur_Pos, Cur_Pos+10) // date field
// extract field info, skipping initial date field
Repeat(ALL) {
Search("|{|T,|N}", ADVANCE+ERRBREAK) // next Tab or Newline
if (Match_Item==2) { Break } // end of line
#30 = Num_Eval(ADVANCE) * 1000 // #30 = value
Char // fixed point, 3 decimal digits
#30 += Num_Eval(ADVANCE+SUPPRESS)
#31 = Num_Eval(ADVANCE) // #31 = flag
if (#31 < 1) { // not valid field?
#12++
#22++
} else { // valid field
// check run of data-absent fields
if(#13 == #12 && #12 > 0) {
Reg_Set(15, ", ", APPEND)
Reg_Set(15, @14, APPEND)
}
if(#13 < #12 && #12 > 0) {
#13 = #12
Reg_Set(15, @14)
}
// re-initialise run of nodata counter
#12 = 0
// gather values for averaging
#20 += #30
#21++
}
}
// totals for the file so far
#10 += #20
#11 += #21
Buf_Switch(#51) // buffer for output data
IT("Line: ") Reg_Ins(14)
IT(" Reject:") Num_Ins(#22, COUNT, 3)
IT(" Accept:") Num_Ins(#21, COUNT, 3)
IT(" Line tot:") Num_Ins(#20, COUNT, 8) Char(-3) IC('.') EOL
IT(" Line avg:") Num_Ins((#20+#21/2)/#21, COUNT, 7) Char(-3) IC('.') EOL IN
Buf_Switch(#50) // buffer for input data
}
Buf_Switch(#51) // buffer for output data
IN
IT("Total: ") Num_Ins(#10, FORCE+NOCR) Char(-3) IC('.') EOL IN
IT("Readings: ") Num_Ins(#11, FORCE)
IT("Average: ") Num_Ins((#10+#11/2)/#11, FORCE+NOCR) Char(-3) IC('.') EOL IN
IN
IT("Maximum run(s) of ") Num_Ins(#13, LEFT+NOCR)
IT(" consecutive false readings ends at line starting with date(s): ") Reg_Ins(15)
IN |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #PureBasic | PureBasic | #TXT$ = "On the * day of Christmas, my true love sent to me:"
days$ = ~"first\nsecond\nthird\nfourth\nfifth\nsixth\nseventh\neighth\nninth\ntenth\neleventh\ntwelfth\n"
gifts$= ~"Twelve drummers drumming,\nEleven pipers piping,\nTen lords a-leaping,\nNine ladies dancing,\n"+
~"Eight maids a-milking,\nSeven swans a-swimming,\nSix geese a-laying,\nFive golden rings,\n"+
~"Four calling birds,\nThree french hens,\nTwo turtle doves,\nA partridge in a pear tree.\n"
Define I.i, J.i
If OpenConsole("The twelve days of Christmas")
For I = 1 To 12
PrintN(ReplaceString(#TXT$,"*",StringField(days$,I,~"\n")))
For J = 13-I To 12
PrintN(" -> "+StringField(gifts$,J,~"\n"))
Next J
Next I
Input()
EndIf |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas | The Twelve Days of Christmas | Task
Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas.
The lyrics can be found here.
(You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.)
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Python | Python | gifts = '''\
A partridge in a pear tree.
Two turtle doves
Three french hens
Four calling birds
Five golden rings
Six geese a-laying
Seven swans a-swimming
Eight maids a-milking
Nine ladies dancing
Ten lords a-leaping
Eleven pipers piping
Twelve drummers drumming'''.split('\n')
days = '''first second third fourth fifth
sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth
eleventh twelfth'''.split()
for n, day in enumerate(days, 1):
g = gifts[:n][::-1]
print(('\nOn the %s day of Christmas\nMy true love gave to me:\n' % day) +
'\n'.join(g[:-1]) +
(' and\n' + g[-1] if n > 1 else g[-1].capitalize())) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Synchronous_concurrency | Synchronous concurrency | The goal of this task is to create two concurrent activities ("Threads" or "Tasks", not processes.) that share data synchronously. Your language may provide syntax or libraries to perform concurrency. Different languages provide different implementations of concurrency, often with different names. Some languages use the term threads, others use the term tasks, while others use co-processes. This task should not be implemented using fork, spawn, or the Linux/UNIX/Win32 pipe command, as communication should be between threads, not processes.
One of the concurrent units will read from a file named "input.txt" and send the contents of that file, one line at a time, to the other concurrent unit, which will print the line it receives to standard output. The printing unit must count the number of lines it prints. After the concurrent unit reading the file sends its last line to the printing unit, the reading unit will request the number of lines printed by the printing unit. The reading unit will then print the number of lines printed by the printing unit.
This task requires two-way communication between the concurrent units. All concurrent units must cleanly terminate at the end of the program.
| #PureBasic | PureBasic | Enumeration
#Write
#Done
EndEnumeration
Structure commblock
txtline.s
Order.i
EndStructure
Global MessageSent=CreateSemaphore()
Global LineWritten=CreateSemaphore()
Global LinesWritten, com.commblock
Procedure Writer(arg)
Repeat
WaitSemaphore(MessageSent)
If com\Order=#Write
PrintN(com\txtline)
LinesWritten+1
EndIf
SignalSemaphore(LineWritten)
Until com\Order=#Done
EndProcedure
Procedure Reader(arg)
Protected File=ReadFile(#PB_Any,OpenFileRequester("","input.txt","",0))
While file And Not Eof(file)
com\txtline=ReadString(File)
com\Order=#Write
SignalSemaphore(MessageSent)
WaitSemaphore(LineWritten)
Wend
com\Order=#Done
SignalSemaphore(MessageSent)
WaitSemaphore(LineWritten)
PrintN(Str(LinesWritten)+" lines written.")
EndProcedure
If OpenConsole()
Define Thread1=CreateThread(@Reader(),0)
Define Thread2=CreateThread(@Writer(),0)
WaitThread(Thread1) And WaitThread(Thread2)
Print("Press Enter to exit"):Input()
EndIf |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #ColdFusion | ColdFusion | <cfscript>
// Date Time
currentTime = Now();
writeOutput( currentTime );
// Epoch
// Credit for Epoch time should go to Ben Nadel
// bennadel.com is his blog
utcDate = dateConvert( "local2utc", currentTime );
writeOutput( utcDate.getTime() );
</cfscript> |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/System_time | System time | Task
Output the system time (any units will do as long as they are noted) either by a system command or one built into the language.
The system time can be used for debugging, network information, random number seeds, or something as simple as program performance.
Related task
Date format
See also
Retrieving system time (wiki)
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (multiple-value-bind (second minute hour day month year) (get-decoded-time)
(format t "~4,'0D-~2,'0D-~2,'0D ~2,'0D:~2,'0D:~2,'0D" year month day hour minute second)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Summarize_and_say_sequence | Summarize and say sequence | There are several ways to generate a self-referential sequence. One very common one (the Look-and-say sequence) is to start with a positive integer, then generate the next term by concatenating enumerated groups of adjacent alike digits:
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 1113122110, 311311222110 ...
The terms generated grow in length geometrically and never converge.
Another way to generate a self-referential sequence is to summarize the previous term.
Count how many of each alike digit there is, then concatenate the sum and digit for each of the sorted enumerated digits. Note that the first five terms are the same as for the previous sequence.
0, 10, 1110, 3110, 132110, 13123110, 23124110 ...
Sort the digits largest to smallest. Do not include counts of digits that do not appear in the previous term.
Depending on the seed value, series generated this way always either converge to a stable value or to a short cyclical pattern. (For our purposes, I'll use converge to mean an element matches a previously seen element.) The sequence shown, with a seed value of 0, converges to a stable value of 1433223110 after 11 iterations. The seed value that converges most quickly is 22. It goes stable after the first element. (The next element is 22, which has been seen before.)
Task
Find all the positive integer seed values under 1000000, for the above convergent self-referential sequence, that takes the largest number of iterations before converging. Then print out the number of iterations and the sequence they return. Note that different permutations of the digits of the seed will yield the same sequence. For this task, assume leading zeros are not permitted.
Seed Value(s): 9009 9090 9900
Iterations: 21
Sequence: (same for all three seeds except for first element)
9009
2920
192210
19222110
19323110
1923123110
1923224110
191413323110
191433125110
19151423125110
19251413226110
1916151413325110
1916251423127110
191716151413326110
191726151423128110
19181716151413327110
19182716151423129110
29181716151413328110
19281716151423228110
19281716151413427110
19182716152413228110
Related tasks
Fours is the number of letters in the ...
Look-and-say sequence
Number names
Self-describing numbers
Spelling of ordinal numbers
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
Also see
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
| #Factor | Factor | USING: assocs grouping io kernel math math.combinatorics
math.functions math.ranges math.statistics math.text.utils
prettyprint sequences sets ;
IN: rosetta-code.self-referential-sequence
: next-term ( seq -- seq ) histogram >alist concat ;
! Output the self-referential sequence, given a seed value.
: srs ( seq -- seq n )
V{ } clone [ 2dup member? ] [ 2dup push [ next-term ] dip ]
until nip dup length ;
: digit-before? ( m n -- ? ) dup zero? [ 2drop t ] [ <= ] if ;
! The numbers from 1 rto n sans permutations.
: candidates ( n -- seq )
[1,b] [ 1 digit-groups reverse ] map
[ [ digit-before? ] monotonic? ] filter ;
: max-seed ( n -- seq ) candidates [ srs nip ] supremum-by ;
: max-seeds ( n -- seq )
max-seed <permutations> members [ first zero? ] reject ;
: digits>number ( seq -- n ) [ 10^ * ] map-index sum ;
: >numbers ( seq -- seq ) [ digits>number ] map ;
: main ( -- )
"Seed value(s): " write
1,000,000 max-seeds
[ [ reverse ] map >numbers . ]
[ first srs ] bi
"Iterations: " write .
"Sequence:" print >numbers . ;
MAIN: main |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_polygon_clipping | Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping | The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm finds the polygon that is the intersection between an arbitrary polygon (the “subject polygon”) and a convex polygon (the “clip polygon”).
It is used in computer graphics (especially 2D graphics) to reduce the complexity of a scene being displayed by eliminating parts of a polygon that do not need to be displayed.
Task
Take the closed polygon defined by the points:
[
(
50
,
150
)
,
(
200
,
50
)
,
(
350
,
150
)
,
(
350
,
300
)
,
(
250
,
300
)
,
(
200
,
250
)
,
(
150
,
350
)
,
(
100
,
250
)
,
(
100
,
200
)
]
{\displaystyle [(50,150),(200,50),(350,150),(350,300),(250,300),(200,250),(150,350),(100,250),(100,200)]}
and clip it by the rectangle defined by the points:
[
(
100
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
100
)
,
(
300
,
300
)
,
(
100
,
300
)
]
{\displaystyle [(100,100),(300,100),(300,300),(100,300)]}
Print the sequence of points that define the resulting clipped polygon.
Extra credit
Display all three polygons on a graphical surface, using a different color for each polygon and filling the resulting polygon.
(When displaying you may use either a north-west or a south-west origin, whichever is more convenient for your display mechanism.)
| #PHP | PHP |
<?php
function clip ($subjectPolygon, $clipPolygon) {
function inside ($p, $cp1, $cp2) {
return ($cp2[0]-$cp1[0])*($p[1]-$cp1[1]) > ($cp2[1]-$cp1[1])*($p[0]-$cp1[0]);
}
function intersection ($cp1, $cp2, $e, $s) {
$dc = [ $cp1[0] - $cp2[0], $cp1[1] - $cp2[1] ];
$dp = [ $s[0] - $e[0], $s[1] - $e[1] ];
$n1 = $cp1[0] * $cp2[1] - $cp1[1] * $cp2[0];
$n2 = $s[0] * $e[1] - $s[1] * $e[0];
$n3 = 1.0 / ($dc[0] * $dp[1] - $dc[1] * $dp[0]);
return [($n1*$dp[0] - $n2*$dc[0]) * $n3, ($n1*$dp[1] - $n2*$dc[1]) * $n3];
}
$outputList = $subjectPolygon;
$cp1 = end($clipPolygon);
foreach ($clipPolygon as $cp2) {
$inputList = $outputList;
$outputList = [];
$s = end($inputList);
foreach ($inputList as $e) {
if (inside($e, $cp1, $cp2)) {
if (!inside($s, $cp1, $cp2)) {
$outputList[] = intersection($cp1, $cp2, $e, $s);
}
$outputList[] = $e;
}
else if (inside($s, $cp1, $cp2)) {
$outputList[] = intersection($cp1, $cp2, $e, $s);
}
$s = $e;
}
$cp1 = $cp2;
}
return $outputList;
}
$subjectPolygon = [[50, 150], [200, 50], [350, 150], [350, 300], [250, 300], [200, 250], [150, 350], [100, 250], [100, 200]];
$clipPolygon = [[100, 100], [300, 100], [300, 300], [100, 300]];
$clippedPolygon = clip($subjectPolygon, $clipPolygon);
echo json_encode($clippedPolygon);
echo "\n";
?>
|
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