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summarization | What was the purpose of the Security Exchange Act of 1934? | The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (Pub. L. 73–291, 48 Stat. 881, enacted June 6, 1934, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landmark of wide-ranging legislation, the Act of '34 and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. The 1934 Act also established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency primarily responsible for enforcement of United States federal securities law.
Companies raise billions of dollars by issuing securities in what is known as the primary market. Contrasted with the Securities Act of 1933, which regulates these original issues, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates the secondary trading of those securities between persons often unrelated to the issuer, frequently through brokers or dealers. Trillions of dollars are made and lost each year through trading in the secondary market. | The purpose of the Security Exchange Act (SEA) of 1934 in the United States was to regulate the secondary trading market of securities like stocks and bonds between persons unrelated to the issuer. This act also created the Securities and Exchange commission (SEC) that enforces United States federal securities law. | null | null | {
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summarization | Without quoting directly from the text give me a short bulleted list of the regions in the Pokemon universe, categorized by the real world places they are supposed to be based on. | Kanto
The Kanto region is the setting of Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow and their remakes, Pokémon FireRed, LeafGreen, Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!. Based on and named after the Kantō region of Japan, this setting started the precedent of basing the geography and culture of the game's region on a real world setting. This region is also visited in Pokémon Gold, Silver, Crystal, HeartGold and SoulSilver.
Johto
See also: Pokémon Gold and Silver § Setting
The Johto region is the setting of the second generation of Pokémon games, which includes Pokémon Gold, Silver, Crystal and their remakes, Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. Again based on an area of Japan, this game's geography is based upon the Kansai, Tokai and eastern Shikoku areas of the country. The game setting draws upon the Kansai region's abundance of temples, the architectural design of the Kansai region and its geographical sights, such as Mount Fuji and the Naruto whirlpools.
Hoenn
The Hoenn region is the setting of the third generation of Pokémon games, Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire and Emerald, as well as their remakes Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire. This time being based on the Japanese island of Kyushu; the real world and game region share an abundance of smaller islands around the main one and a subtropical climate. Like Sinnoh, this region is known to have a large range of various natural environments, such as rainforests and deserts.
Sinnoh
The Sinnoh region is the setting of the fourth generation of Pokémon games, which encompasses the setting of Pokémon Diamond, Pearl and Platinum, as well as their remakes Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl and Pokémon Legends: Arceus. It is based on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaidō. The region was meant to have a "northern" feel, with some routes being entirely covered in snow.
Unova
The Unova region is the setting of the fifth generation of Pokémon games, which encompasses the setting of Pokémon Black and White and their sequels Pokémon Black 2 and White 2. For the first time in the main series, the region was based on a region outside Japan, with Unova taking inspiration from the New York metropolitan area
Kalos
The Kalos region is the setting of the sixth generation of Pokémon games, which is where the games Pokémon X and Y take place. This region is inspired almost entirely by the northern half of Metropolitan France, with landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and the Palace of Versailles having representations here, along with a French style of music and fashion. According to Junichi Masuda, the name "Kalos" comes from the Greek word κάλλος, 'beauty'. The Kalos Pokemon League is based on the Notre-Dame de Paris due to its castle/cathedral-like exterior.
Alola
The Alola region is the setting of the seventh generation of Pokémon games, Pokémon Sun, Moon, Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon. This region is based on Hawaii, marking the second time a main entry Pokémon game setting has been inspired by a U.S. state. The name itself is a play on aloha, the Hawaiian word for both "hello" and "goodbye".
Galar
The Galar region is the setting of the eighth generation of Pokémon games, which is where the games Pokémon Sword and Shield take place. This region is primarily inspired by Great Britain (mainly England and parts of Scotland), showcasing landmarks inspired by Big Ben and Hadrian's Wall. Two additional areas, The Isle of Armor and The Crown Tundra, are based on the Isle of Man and Scotland respectively. The Galar Region was also introduced in Pokémon Journeys.
Paldea
The Paldea region is the setting of the ninth generation Pokémon games Pokémon Scarlet and Violet. The region seems to be based on the Iberian Peninsula, which encompasses both Spain and Portugal. | To date, regions in the Pokemon universe have been based on parts of Japan, Europe, and the United States. The breakdown is as follows:
- Regions based on Japan: Kanto (Kantō, Japan), Johto (Kansai, Japan), Hoenn (Kyushu, Japan), Sinnoh and Hisui (Hokkaido, Japan)
- Regions based on Europe: Kalos (France), Galar (England, Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man), Paldea (Spain and Portugal)
- Regions based on the United States: Unova (New York City, United States), Alola (Hawaii, United States) | null | null | {
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creative_writing | How to sell? | 1. Create a need
2. Offer a product or service to fill the need
3. Rewards and consequences
4. Create urgency and deadlines to act | null | null | {
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|
creative_writing | Describe the benefits of living in a small town. | Small town living provides a multitude of good and bad experiences which can be influenced on your personal desires. In a small town rumors and news can travel fast since the social circles are smaller and everyone tends to be more connected. It can be rare to go out and not see someone whom you know or are friends with. With fewer strangers, a small town can feel more safe and comfortable. Often times a small town is more walkable since geographically it is likely to cover a smaller area. | null | null | {
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|
information_extraction | Extract the formulas in math latex markdown format to calculate the portfolio return and variance in Modern Portfolio Theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory | MPT assumes that investors are risk averse, meaning that given two portfolios that offer the same expected return, investors will prefer the less risky one. Thus, an investor will take on increased risk only if compensated by higher expected returns. Conversely, an investor who wants higher expected returns must accept more risk. The exact trade-off will not be the same for all investors. Different investors will evaluate the trade-off differently based on individual risk aversion characteristics. The implication is that a rational investor will not invest in a portfolio if a second portfolio exists with a more favorable risk-expected return profile—i.e., if for that level of risk an alternative portfolio exists that has better expected returns.
Under the model:
Portfolio return is the proportion-weighted combination of the constituent assets' returns.
Portfolio return volatility
\sigma _{p} is a function of the correlations ρij of the component assets, for all asset pairs (i, j). The volatility gives insight into the risk which is associated with the investment. The higher the volatility, the higher the risk. | - Expected return:
$$
\mathrm{E}\left(R_p\right)=\sum_i w_i \mathrm{E}\left(R_i\right)
$$
where $R_p$ is the return on the portfolio, $R_i$ is the return on asset $i$ and $w_i$ is the weighting of component asset $i$ (that is, the proportion of asset "i" in the portfolio, so that $\sum_i w_i=1$ ).
- Portfolio return variance:
$$
\sigma_p^2=\sum_i w_i^2 \sigma_i^2+\sum_i \sum_{j \neq i} w_i w_j \sigma_i \sigma_j \rho_{i j}
$$
where $\sigma_i$ is the (sample) standard deviation of the periodic returns on an asset $i$, and $\rho_{i j}$ is the correlation coefficient between the returns on assets $i$ and $j$. Alternatively the expression can be written as:
$$
\sigma_p^2=\sum_i \sum_j w_i w_j \sigma_i \sigma_j \rho_{i j}
$$
where $\rho_{i j}=1$ for $i=j$, or
$$
\sigma_p^2=\sum_i \sum_j w_i w_j \sigma_{i j}
$$
where $\sigma_{i j}=\sigma_i \sigma_j \rho_{i j}$ is the (sample) covariance of the periodic returns on the two assets, or alternatively denoted as $\sigma(i, j)$, $\operatorname{cov}{ }_{i j}$ or $\operatorname{cov}(i, j)$.
- Portfolio return volatility (standard deviation):
$$
\sigma_p=\sqrt{\sigma_p^2}
$$
For a two-asset portfolio:
- Portfolio return:
$$\mathrm{E}\left(R_p\right)=w_A \mathrm{E}\left(R_A\right)+w_B \mathrm{E}\left(R_B\right)=w_A \mathrm{E}\left(R_A\right)+\left(1-w_A\right) \mathrm{E}\left(R_B\right)$$
- Portfolio variance:
$$\sigma_p^2=w_A^2 \sigma_A^2+w_B^2 \sigma_B^2+2 w_A w_B \sigma_A \sigma_B \rho_{A B}$$
For a three-asset portfolio:
- Portfolio return:
$$\mathrm{E}\left(R_p\right)=w_A \mathrm{E}\left(R_A\right)+w_B \mathrm{E}\left(R_B\right)+w_C \mathrm{E}\left(R_C\right)$$
- Portfolio variance:
$$\sigma_p^2=w_A^2 \sigma_A^2+w_B^2 \sigma_B^2+w_C^2 \sigma_C^2+2 w_A w_B \sigma_A \sigma_B \rho_{A B}+2 w_A w_C \sigma_A \sigma_C \rho_{A C}+2 w_B w_C \sigma_B \sigma_C \rho_{B C}$$ | null | null | {
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creative_writing | Write a brief advertisement for a rentable property near a lake in the mountains. The target audience should be older adults looking for a quiet retreat. There should be several stipulations discouraging parties, teenagers, and noisy guests. Begin with an eye-catching summary statement. The property name is "The Misty Lake Overlook" | Enjoy eye-popping views, picturesque landscapes, quiet solitude, luxurious accommodations - and more!! - at The Misty Lake Overlook.
The Misty Lake Overlook - your home-away-from-home - is nestled in a quiet corner of a idyllic mountain clearing, just above Misty Lake. A show-stopper great room greets you upon entry with a open-concept kitchen and living space. Stay warm through the cool evenings with a newly renovated fireplace. Eat, play, and relax on the lavish outdoor patio, fully equipped with dining areas, charcoal grill, hot tub, and games for young children. The private dock is only a 5-10 minute walk down the mountain and comes with a water slide, kayaks, and a fishing pier.
Please note, guests of the Misty Lake Overlook must adhere to all Misty Lake rules: Quiet hours are between 10pm-7am; no horseplay in the lake; life jackets must be worn at all times near the water. Additional rental notes and requirements: the average guest age must be 30+; there will be a $1000 refundable service deposit to cover any damage or mess; there is only parking space for 2 cars; absolutely no parties allowed. | null | null | {
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|
brainstorming | What world need most from Human | 1. Cleanness
2. Population
3. More Greenery | null | null | {
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|
general_qa | Why is Chicago known as the Windy City | Many believe that Chicago is known as the Windy City because it has harsh winters and strong cold winds off the shores of Lake Michigan. Even in the summer, the winds swirling off the lake can change the outcome of a baseball game at Wrigley Field. While the weather pattern does in fact exist, Chicago is not the windiest city, nor is this the reason for the nickname. Many believe the term is a derogatory reference to Chicago's vitriolic politics and self-important politicians who are full of hot air. References to Chicago as the Windy City have been found all the way back to the late 1800s. | null | null | {
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|
summarization | Briefly explain what are I frames, B frames, and P frames? | In the field of video compression a video frame is compressed using different algorithms with different advantages and disadvantages, centered mainly around amount of data compression. These different algorithms for video frames are called picture types or frame types. The three major picture types used in the different video algorithms are I, P and B. They are different in the following characteristics:
I‑frames are the least compressible but don't require other video frames to decode.
P‑frames can use data from previous frames to decompress and are more compressible than I‑frames.
B‑frames can use both previous and forward frames for data reference to get the highest amount of data compression.
Three types of pictures (or frames) are used in video compression: I, P, and B frames.
An I‑frame (Intra-coded picture) is a complete image, like a JPG or BMP image file.
A P‑frame (Predicted picture) holds only the changes in the image from the previous frame. For example, in a scene where a car moves across a stationary background, only the car's movements need to be encoded. The encoder does not need to store the unchanging background pixels in the P‑frame, thus saving space. P‑frames are also known as delta‑frames.
A B‑frame (Bidirectional predicted picture) saves even more space by using differences between the current frame and both the preceding and following frames to specify its content.
P and B frames are also called Inter frames. The order in which the I, P and B frames are arranged is called the Group of pictures. | I frames, B frames, and P frames are video frame types used in video codecs. I frames can be decoded without reference to any other frames. They are self-contained descriptions of one frame of the video. P frames and B frames on the other hand reference other frames and must be decoded after the frames they reference have been decoded. P frames only reference frames from earlier in the video whereas B frames can reference frames from earlier or later. Decoding B frames therefore requires decoding the video frames in an order different from the playback order. | null | null | {
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general_qa | How does the Harvard housing system work? | First-Year students live in one of the seventeen dormitories located in and around Harvard Yard. Rooms are assigned based on a brief survey sent to admitted students. The survey asks questions like “How many roommates do you want?”, “How comfortable are you with noise?”, and “What type of music do you listen to?”. After the first year, the majority of students move into one of the twelve residential Houses. Houses are assigned in March of a student’s first year. Rather than randomly assigning individual students to houses and scattering close friends, students can assemble into “blocking groups” of no greater than 8 students and each group is randomly assigned to a House. If 8 friends aren’t enough, two blocking groups can link themselves in the lottery. Linked groups will not be assigned the same House but are guaranteed to be assigned the same Neighborhood (e.g. The Quad). | null | null | {
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|
open_qa | What is a demand plan? | Demand planning is done with a customer. It is a planning process that lets sales and other teams develop forecasts around demand or future usage. It helps with service planning, outage planning, planning for future revenue, and planning for future consumption. It can also drive product roadmap development and deliverables. | null | null | {
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|
general_qa | Create an itinerary for 3 days in Park City Utah that is good for children and adults. Include hotels, food options, one day of skiing and activities. | Ok, here are three days for a family trip to Park city.
Day one:
- Go grocery shopping at Whole Food Market to pick up snacks, and food for lunches.
- Pick up rental skiing at Christy's for all adults and children whole are skiing.
- Eat dinner at River Horse Tavern on Main street.
Day two:
- Go skiing at Park City Resort. Purchase day passes in person or pre-purchase Epic passes online.
- Stop with the kids at Rocky Mountain Chocolate Company for a treat.
- Eat dinner at High Saloon on Park Avenue.
Day three:
- Go to Park City Library which has a kids' section.
- Shop at galleries, thrift stores, or gift shops on Main Street.
- Eat dinner at Butcher House Chops and Grill. | null | null | {
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|
general_qa | What are the most popular sports in the United States of America? | The most popular sports in the United States of America are football, basketball, and baseball. Football is sometimes referred to as "American football" because it has a similar sounding name to "futbol" which in the United States is called soccer. Soccer is growing in popularity, but is not yet as popular in the United States as football, basketball, and baseball. Professional events in each of these sports mean a lot to the people in the United States. These events include the Super Bowl for football, the NBA finals for basketball, and the World Series for baseball. Children in the United States often grow up playing one or more of these sports. There are professional football, basketball, and baseball teams in many cities within the United States of America and even a few teams in Canada! Children and adults often idolize their favorite athletes in each of these sports. | null | null | {
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|
open_qa | If Newton's first law says an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force, why does my spinning top stop spinning? | Your spinning top stops spinning because it is being acted on by outside forces. Specifically, your spinning top is losing energy due to friction with the ground and air. That energy is being lost to sound and heat as your spinning top pushes against the air in the room and rubs against the floor. | null | null | {
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|
open_qa | What is an offside in football/soccer? | The offside rule in football states that, at the moment of a pass (i.e. when the ball leaves the passer's foot), there must be at least two opposing players (including the goalkeeper) behind the attacking player receiving the pass. If this condition is not met, the referee calls offside, which results on a free kick for the defending team. | null | null | {
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|
information_extraction | What is the show Lizzie McGuire about? | Lizzie McGuire is an American comedy television series created by Terri Minsky that premiered on Disney Channel on January 12, 2001. The series stars Hilary Duff as the titular character who learns to navigate the personal and social issues of her teenage years. Duff also voices an animated version of Lizzie that performs soliloquies to express the character's inner thoughts and emotions. The series also stars Lalaine, Adam Lamberg, Jake Thomas, Hallie Todd and Robert Carradine. The series concluded on February 14, 2004, after a total of 65 episodes were produced. A feature film based on the series, The Lizzie McGuire Movie, was released in 2003. | Lizzie McGuire is a show premiered on Disney Channel about a character (Lizzie McGuire) navigating the personal and social issues of her teenage years. | null | null | {
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open_qa | Where are most apples grown? | The United States is the second largest apple producer worldwide, behind China. U.S. production is followed by Poland, Italy and France. The United States grows approximately 200 unique apple varieties. | null | null | {
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|
classification | Whats the difference between a sloop, a cutter, and a ketch? | These are all categorizations of different types of sailing boats. A sloop is the most common. A sloop is a monohull sailboat with a single- rig mast supporting a main sail and and headsail. These are great boats to learn sailing on as their simple, easy to handle, and have great wind performance.
A cutter at first look is similar to a sloop in that it also has a single mast positioned near the middle of the boat. However, a cutter uses two headsails, instead of a mainsail and headsail, and generally includes a bowsprit. This allows the boat to have better stability in rough weather due to the headsails providing a lower center of gravity. The complex rigging makes this boat more challenging to sail than the sloop, but provides an excellent option for an experienced sailor.
A ketch has two masts. The main mast in the front stands taller than the mizzen mast behind it. The mizzen mast stands forward of the rudder post. The ketch has smaller sails and shorter masts. While this makes them slower than a sloop, they are very controllable in rough weather which makes them excellent boats for off shore sailing. | null | null | {
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|
summarization | Give me a quick brief of the Prince of Norway | Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (Norwegian pronunciation: ; Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973) is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja.
Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glücksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus.
Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics. | Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway was born on July 20 1973 and is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja.
Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glucksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Hoiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus.
Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics. | null | null | {
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general_qa | Should technology and software coding subjects be mandatory in the curriculum of high school education? | Acknowledging the wide spread influence, impact, and disruption that enabling technologies are having on society and business, strong consideration should be made to modernize educational curriculums to include technology subjects. Objectives would be to improve awareness, exposure, and creative thinking to ultimately inspire further experimentation and innovation. Related to requiring students to learn language, science and math topics, strong consideration should me made to require students to gain base awareness, knowledge and coding skills. These foundational skills will become building blocks necessary to achieve life long successes and influence the pace of innovation across all industries and career paths. | null | null | {
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|
brainstorming | Give me a list of Shakespeare's plays | - Hamlet
- Romeo and Juliet
- King Lear
- Othello
- Titus Andronicus
- Love's Labour's Lost
- Twelfth Night
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- A Winter's Tale
- The Tempest
- Troilus and Cressida
- Pericles
- Antony and Cleopatra
- All's Well That End's Well
- The Merchant of Venice
- Henry IV Part 1
- Henry IV Part 2
- Henry V
- Henry VI Part 1
- Henry VI Part 2
- Henry VI Part 3
- Henry VIII
- Richard II
- Richard III
- King John
- Julius Caesar
- As You Like It
- Macbeth
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- Two Gentlemen of Verona
- The Taming of the Shrew
- Coriolanus
- Timon of Athens
- Much Ado About Nothing
- Cymbeline
- The Comedy of Errors
- Two Noble Kinsmen
- Measure for Measure | null | null | {
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|
open_qa | What is american football? | American football is a an American sports. Other countries use the term "football" to refer to soccer. American football is a team sport and two opposing teams play against each other. The objective of the game is to get a football to the end zone of the opponent. If you can accomplish this you score a touchdown. The ball moves down the field when players catch the ball, and run it opposite of their own end zone. After they score they will get the opportunity to kick a field goal as well. | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12821 | null |
|
classification | Classify each of the following as either names or objects: Mike, car, paper, Roger, wheel, Will, lamp, Clara, Fabiana, Peter. | Car, paper, wheel and lamp are objects. The rest are names. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12822 | null |
|
summarization | Please list a few of the professional organizations that Judith Stern participated in during her career. | In 1974, Judith Stern joined the faculty of the University of California, Davis as an assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition. There her early research centered on differences in the adipose tissue of obese individuals – using Zucker rats as a research model. Eventually her research program grew to include human studies, focused on various obesity treatment regimens.
In 1995, Stern was elected to the National Academy of Medicine. At various points she was elected president of the NAASO (1992–1993, now The Obesity Society) and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Stern co-founded the American Obesity Association, an advocacy group that lobbied in favor of obesity research and treatment. | Some of the professional organizations that Judith Stern created or participated in are the National Academy of Medicine, the Obesity Society, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12823 | null |
information_extraction | Where are Keanu Reeves and his parents from? | Keanu Charles Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon, on September 2, 1964, the son of Patricia (née Taylor), a costume designer and performer, and Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. His mother is English, originating from Essex. His American father is from Hawaii, and is of Native Hawaiian, Chinese, English, Irish, and Portuguese descent. His grandmother from his father's side is Chinese Hawaiian. His mother was working in Beirut when she met his father, who abandoned his wife and family when Reeves was three years old. Reeves last met his father on the Hawaiian island of Kauai when he was 13. | Keanu himself is from Lebanon, his mother is from the United Kingdom, and his father is from the United States. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12824 | null |
open_qa | What is a bear in finance? | A bear is someone who expects share prices to fall in the future and sells shares now so that they can buy them back later at a lower price. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12825 | null |
|
classification | Which of the following countries are in Asia: India, South Korea, Japan, United States of America, Morocco, New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore, Mexico? | The Asian countries are - India, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Singapore. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12826 | null |
|
general_qa | Why do we have seasons, and what are they? | As the earth spins on its axis, producing night and day, it also moves about the sun in an elliptical (elongated circle) orbit that requires about 365 1/4 days to complete. The earth's spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons.
There are four primary seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn & Winter. The start dates of the seasons themselves are different depending on what hemisphere you're located in. Spring & Summer are the warmer seasons. Autumn is typically mild, and Winter is the coldest season of the year. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12827 | null |
|
information_extraction | From the passage identify the years in which major events happened in Icahn’s business career. Display the results in comma separated format. | In 1961, Icahn began his career as a stockbroker for Dreyfus Corporation. In 1963, he became an options manager for Tessel, Patrick & Co. and then he moved to Gruntal & Co.
In 1968, with $150,000 of his own money and a $400,000 investment from his uncle, M. Elliot Schnall, Icahn bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange and formed Icahn & Co., which focused on risk arbitrage and options trading.
In 1978, in his first takeover attempt, he took a controlling stake in Tappan and forced the sale of the company to Electrolux, making a profit of $2.7 million, or doubling his investment. In 1979, he acquired Bayswater Realty & Capital Corporation. In 1983, he acquired ACF Industries and in 1985 he sold those shares to Phillips Petroleum, making a $50 million profit.[failed verification]
In 1985, by pooling his funds with investor funds and funds borrowed from banks, Icahn acquired 50% of Trans World Airlines, and he completely acquired the company in a leveraged buyout in 1988. Icahn systematically sold TWA's assets to repay money he owed, which was described as "asset stripping" and made him known as a "corporate raider". In 1991, he sold TWA's London routes to American Airlines for $445 million. Icahn made a $469 million profit, and left TWA with $540 million in debt. He formed lowestfare.com to sell TWA tickets and acquired portions of Global Leisure Travel from Ramy El-Batrawi.
In October 1986, Icahn launched an unsuccessful $8 billion hostile takeover for 89% of U.S. Steel; the bid was dropped in January 1987. In 1991, he sold his stake in the company for $1 billion, making a $200 million profit. | 1961, 1963,1968, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1987, 1991 | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12828 | null |
information_extraction | Does Caulerpa ellistoniae grow on land? | Caulerpa ellistoniae is a species of seaweed in the family Caulerpaceae. | No, it grows in the sea because it is a species of seaweed. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12829 | null |
general_qa | Can AI fully replace software engineer job? | AI can generate software code for a well described model. The general code may need software engineers to validate and evaluate it. It can help speed up software development, but for some complex product, it still needs software engineers to divide the development to many small modules and well define each module before AI can generate the software code for it. AI is a good tool to help software engineers, but it can't fully replace software engineer jobs | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12830 | null |
|
information_extraction | Extract the ingredients needed to make pasta carbonara. Separate them with a comma. | Carbonara (Italian: ) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.
The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component,] but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy. | Eggs, hard cheese, cured pork, black pepper | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12831 | null |
brainstorming | Give me a list of date night ideas that I've never done. | For your next date night, you could:
- Take a pottery class.
- Find a paint and sip.
- Go axe throwing.
- Do a walking tour of the best taco joints in your city.
- Go to your local grocery store, pick snacks out for each other, and put on a movie you've never seen. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12832 | null |
|
open_qa | What is Occupation Therapy. | Occupation Therapy helps make you independent to do the daily tasks that are important to your quality of life. Occupational therapists strive to help their patients improve your functional independence through various activities that are related to strengthening, balance, endurance. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12833 | null |
|
closed_qa | Where is the mountain pass Pen-y-Pass | Pen-y-Pass is a mountain pass in Snowdonia, Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It is a popular location from which to walk up Snowdon, as three of the popular routes (the Miners Track, the Pyg Track and the ascent via Crib Goch) can be started here. Glyder Fawr, to the north, is also accessible from here.
Situated at the high point of the Llanberis Pass at an elevation of 359 metres (1,178 ft) – about a third of the height of Snowdon – the road was built in the 1830s to allow ore from the mines on Snowdon to be transported to Llanberis. It would be taken down the Miners Track to a store-house at Pen-y-Pass first. Previously, the miners had had to move the ore over the Snowdon summit and down to Beddgelert, which is located at around a third the height of Snowdon. | Snowdonia, Gwynedd, north-west Wales. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12834 | null |
closed_qa | Where is Lake Como located? | Lake Como (Italian: Lago di Como [ˈlaːɡo di ˈkɔːmo], locally ; Western Lombard: Lagh de Còmm [ˈlɑː‿dːe ˈkɔm], Cómm or Cùmm ), also known as Lario (Italian: ; after the Latin: Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy. It has an area of 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi), making it the third-largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. At over 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep, it is the fifth deepest lake in Europe, and the deepest outside Norway; the bottom of the lake is more than 200 metres (660 ft) below sea level.
Lake Como has been a popular retreat for aristocrats and wealthy people since Roman times, and a very popular tourist attraction with many artistic and cultural gems. It has many villas and palaces such as Villa Olmo, Villa Serbelloni, and Villa Carlotta. Many famous people have had and have homes on the shores of Lake Como.
One of its particularities is its "Y" shape, which forms the "Larian Triangle", with the little town of Canzo as its capital.
In 2014, The Huffington Post called it the most beautiful lake in the world for its microclimate and environment with prestigious villas and villages | Lake Como is located in the Lombardy region in Italy. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12835 | null |
open_qa | Who sings the song call "heartbreak anniversary"? | Giveon | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12836 | null |
|
information_extraction | From the provided paragraph, write a bulleted list of how cheeses can be grouped. | There are many different types of cheese. Cheeses can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as length of fermentation, texture, methods of production, fat content, animal milk, and country or region of origin. The method most commonly and traditionally used is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods. The criteria may either be used singly or in combination, with no single method being universally used. | * Length of fermentation
* Texture
* Methods of production
* Fat content
* Animal milk
* Country or region of origin | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12837 | null |
creative_writing | My dog is a 100lb pitbull purebreed. She's always barking at people when we walk her on the street. She's friendly, however, when outside with me or the kids, her bark is loud and deep. How can I get my dog to stop barking at strangers and remove her feeling of "threat"? | Ensure that when you walk her to use a prong collar. Ensure the collar is not loose on her neck, but high up and tight (cannot move easily) under her ear. This will make sure she doesn't take sudden movements and allow her to ensure that you will direct her whether the oncoming distraction is a threat. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12838 | null |
|
brainstorming | 5 Steps showcasing Yubi Key | Multi-protocol security key secures modern and legacy systems
The YubiKey supports one-time passcodes (OTP)
The YubiKey enables smart card authentication
Enable modern authentication with FIDO U2F
Experience passwordless authentication with FIDO2 | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12839 | null |
|
open_qa | What is the University of Georgia's mascot? | The University of Georgia's mascot is a bulldog. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12840 | null |
|
closed_qa | Who is Teresa Giudice? | Teresa Giudice (/ˈdʒuːdɪtʃeɪ/ JOO-ditch-ay, Italian: [teˈrɛːza ˈdʒuːditʃe]; née Gorga; born May 18, 1972) is an American television personality best known for starring in The Real Housewives of New Jersey. Besides appearing on the show, Giudice wrote multiple New York Times bestseller cookbooks and was featured on Donald Trump's The Celebrity Apprentice 5 (2012). | Teresa Giudice is a reality TV star who is most famous for Bravo's The Real Housewives of New Jersey. She is also a New York Times best selling cookbook author who specializes in Italian cuisine. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12841 | null |
classification | You are planning a trip and want to travel only in the Southern Hemisphere in the first half, and only the Northern Hemisphere in the second half. Sort the countries in your itinerary into 'Southern Hemisphere' and 'Northern Hemisphere'. Your itinerary includes: Fiji, Brazil, Australia, China, Argentina, India, Canada, and South Africa. | Most countries are in the Northern Hemisphere. These include: Brazil, China, India and Canada. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere are: Australia, South Africa, Argentina and Fiji. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12842 | null |
|
creative_writing | How can I become the best person? | To want to be the best person, you have to know who or what you want to compare yourself to. It is very advisable to compare yourself only with yourself. Where am I currently in life, what do I want to change and what goals do I want to achieve? Examples are: to have more friends, to be healthier, to develop a better contact with the children, to work less etc.. So the question should be: how can I become the best person I can be? It makes no sense to compare yourself with others. Only compare to yourself. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12843 | null |
|
closed_qa | Who created the grading system for the I Liq Chuan martial art? | Sam F.S. Chin (Chin Fan Siong, 曾帆祥, born August 1, 1954) is the Grandmaster and Gatekeeper of the martial art called I Liq Chuan, and also known as "the Martial Art of Awareness". Chin developed the grading system for this system. | Sam F. S. Chin developed the grading system for the I Liq Chuan martial art. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12844 | null |
information_extraction | What is the official name of Singapore? | Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics. | The official name of Singapore is The Republic of Singapore | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12845 | null |
summarization | Without quoting directly from the text, give me a rundown of the greatest risks from attempting to climb K2. | K2, at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) above sea level, is the second-highest mountain on Earth, after Mount Everest (at 8,849 metres (29,032 ft)). It lies in the Karakoram range, partially in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan-administered Kashmir and partially in a China-administered territory Trans-Karakoram Tract included in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang.
K2 also became popularly known as the Savage Mountain after George Bell—a climber on the 1953 American expedition—told reporters, "It's a savage mountain that tries to kill you." Of the five highest mountains in the world, K2 is the deadliest; approximately one person dies on the mountain for every four who reach the summit. Also occasionally known as Mount Godwin-Austen, other nicknames for K2 are The King of Mountains and The Mountaineers' Mountain, as well as The Mountain of Mountains after prominent Italian climber Reinhold Messner titled his book about K2 the same.
The summit was reached for the first time by the Italian climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni, on the 1954 Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio. In January 2021, K2 became the final eight-thousander to be summited in the winter; the mountaineering feat was accomplished by a team of Nepalese climbers, led by Nirmal Purja and Mingma Gyalje Sherpa.
K2 is the only 8,000+ metres (26,000+ ft) peak that has never been climbed from its eastern face. Ascents have almost always been made in July and August, which are typically the warmest times of the year; K2's more northern location makes it more susceptible to inclement and colder weather. The peak has now been climbed by almost all of its ridges. Although the summit of Everest is at a higher altitude, K2 is a more difficult and dangerous climb, due in part to its more inclement weather. As of February 2021, only 377 people have completed the ascent to its summit. There have been 91 deaths during attempted climbs.
There are a number of routes on K2, of somewhat different character, but they all share some key difficulties, the first being the extremely high altitude and resulting lack of oxygen: there is only one-third as much oxygen available to a climber on the summit of K2 as there is at sea level. The second is the propensity of the mountain to experience extreme storms of several days duration, which have resulted in many of the deaths on the peak. The third is the steep, exposed, and committing nature of all routes on the mountain, which makes retreat more difficult, especially during a storm. Despite many attempts the first successful winter ascents occurred only in 2021. All major climbing routes lie on the Pakistani side.[citation needed] The base camp is also located on the Pakistani side. | Although not as well-known as Mount Everest, K2 is the second highest mountain on earth and is arguably the most dangerous to climb. In addition to the lack of oxygen experienced at such high altitudes, all routes to summit K2 are steep with significant exposure. This exposure, combined with the mountain's propensity to experience extreme storms lasting for days, make for a deadly combination. The extreme terrain and unpredictable weather leave little to no margin for error. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12846 | null |
classification | Is Mount Fuji a mountain or a volcano? | Mount Fuji is a volcano which last erupted in 1707. It is the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776 meters tall. It is located in 2 prefectures: Yamanashi and Shizuoka and part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in June 2013. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12847 | null |
|
brainstorming | Give me a bullet list of 5 US states that have a coastline with the Pacific Ocean | - California
- Oregon
- Washington
- Alaska
- Hawaii | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12848 | null |
|
information_extraction | Extract the full names of characters in the text. List them separated by newlines. | This part is original to the 1951 book version. It takes place in 12,067 G.E. ("Galactic Era"). The story begins on Trantor, the capital of the 12,000-year-old Galactic Empire, powerful but slowly decaying. Hari Seldon, a mathematician and psychologist, has developed psychohistory, a new field of science and psychology that treats all possibilities in large societies by mathematics, allowing for the probabilistic prediction of future events.
By means of psychohistory, Seldon has discovered the decline and eventual fall of the Empire, angering the aristocratic members of the Commission of Public Safety, the de facto rulers of the Empire. The Commission considers Seldon's views and statements treasonous, and he is arrested along with the young mathematician Gaal Dornick, who has arrived on Trantor to join Seldon's group. Seldon is tried by the Commission; he defends his beliefs, explaining his theories and predictions, including his belief that the Empire will collapse in 300 years and while a Second Empire will eventually rise it will only come after a 30,000-year dark age. He informs the Commission that an alternative to this future is attainable and explains to them that creating a compendium of all human knowledge, the Encyclopedia Galactica, may not prevent the inevitable fall of the Empire but would reduce the dark age to one millennium.
The skeptical Commission, not wanting to make Seldon a martyr, offers him exile to a remote world, Terminus, with others who could help him create the Encyclopedia. He accepts their offer, prepares for the departure of the "Encyclopedists" and receives an imperial decree officially acknowledging his actions. Seldon informs Dornick that, despite the Empire's belief it won by exiling Seldon, the outcome was exactly what he had intended and hoped for. Terminus would be the home of the first Foundation while a second would be established "at Star's End." Seldon then reveals that he is dying, and implores Dornick to become a leader in the new Foundation. | Hari Seldon
Gaal Dornick | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12849 | null |
creative_writing | Write a letter to Dear Abby on relationship advice. | Dear Abby,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to seek your advice as my relationship with my partner has gotten to an unbearable stage in the last few weeks and is weighing heavy on my mind. We have been together for seventeen years now. We love each other deeply but have been struggling to connect on a deeper level. I want this relationship to work more than anything in the world, but I am unsure where to start. I have tried talking to him about my feelings, but he seems to shrug me off at any attempt. It feels like the rock has set in.I look forward to hearing your thoughts.
Sincerely,
Mrs. Mavis. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12850 | null |
|
open_qa | What is the capital of Finland and when was it founded? | The capital of Finland is Helsinki and it was founded on the 12th June, 1550. However Helsinki only became the Finnish capital in 1812. Before that the Finnish capital was Turku. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12851 | null |
|
creative_writing | How do you do a shuffle ball change tap move? | First, shuffle with your right foot, step back with on to the ball of your right foot. Next, stomp with your whole left foot. Repeat. | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12852 | null |
|
open_qa | What caused Covid 19? | The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 10 March 2023, the pandemic had caused more than 676 million cases and 6.88 million confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | 12853 | null |
|
information_extraction | From this paragraph, tell me how many people lived in Harappa. | The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.
The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.
Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars. | Mohenjo-daro and Harappa together had a peak population of between 30,000 and 60,000 people | null | null | {
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information_extraction | who was the winner of the race? | The race was held over the "international distance" and consisted of 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) swimming, 40 kilometres (25 mi), road bicycling, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) road running.
The winner Reinaldo Colucci of Brazil qualifies to compete in the triathlon competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. | The winner was Reinaldo Colucci from Brazil. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | 12855 | null |
open_qa | What are the only three ingredients to make authentic Chantilly cream? | Cream (containing at least 30% fat), icing sugar, and vanilla | null | null | {
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} | 12856 | null |
|
brainstorming | What are the strongest commonalities between Quakerism and Buddhism? | Both groups are proponents of violence are most most commonly pacifists. Long moments of silence are key components of the "worship service" they practice. Simplicity and acceptance are crucial to the DNA of both belief systems. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12857 | null |
|
open_qa | What mode of transport is stereotypically associated with San Francisco? | The cable car is a famous type of transport in San Francisco | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
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} | 12858 | null |
|
open_qa | Is a vitamin d supplement good for you? | When taken on a regular basis Vitamin D helps support immune health and cellular activity. It has also been show to support cardiovascular function is some people and can reduce your risk for multiple sclerosis. You can also get Vitamin D by spending plenty of time in sun. You can absorb Vitamin D from a healthy dose of sunshine through your skin too. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12859 | null |
|
open_qa | How is interest paid on a series I bond? | Interest is paid through compounding effect. Unlike most bonds which pay "coupons" that are attached to the bond, series I bonds will pay via compounding interest accrued. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12860 | null |
|
brainstorming | Give me a list of the best takeaway foods when youre hungry. | Burgers, pizza, tacos, sandwiches, pasta and bento boxes. | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12861 | null |
|
closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Harold Brainerd Hersey, what did he do and when were his observations published? | Harold Brainerd Hersey (April 11, 1893 – March 1956) was an American pulp editor and publisher, publishing several volumes of poetry. His pulp industry observations were published in hardback as Pulpwood Editor (1937). | Harold Brainerd Herse was an American pulp editor and publisher. His observations were published in 1937. | null | null | {
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} | 12862 | null |
summarization | What provoked the civil unrest incidents which started in 19th January 2023 in France based on the below passage? | A series of civil unrest incidents began in France on 19 January 2023, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government, which would increase the retirement age from 62 to 64 years old. The strikes have led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.
Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state". | The civil unrest in France on 19 January 2023 was provoked by the new proposal from the Borne government to increase retirement age.The current retirement age is 62, which is proposed to be increased to 64. Opponents of the bill organised protests against the government who used Article 49.3 of the constitution to force the bill through the parliament . | null | null | {
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} | 12863 | null |
open_qa | What is the best book to read about the Battle of Stalingrad? | There are a lot of great books that go into great detail about the battle of Stalingrad. "Dogs, Do You Want to Live Forever" by Fritz Wöss is a good choice if you like fiction. If you like essays, try Stalingrad by Antony Beevor or "Stalingrad, the Battle as Seen by the Germans" by British WWII expert Jonathan Trigg. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12864 | null |
|
closed_qa | Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? | "Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator.
The anonymous programmer, Satoshi Nakamoto allegedly developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created how it was to be used. As part of the implementation, Nakamoto devised the first blockchain database, this has been confirmed. They were active in developing bitcoin until December 2010. Many people have claimed, or have been claimed, to be Nakamoto. Nakamoto's BTC wallet worth approx. 1 million BTC (48 billion USD) or 5% of all BTC mined to this day, was activated in December 2021 after 10 years. Before this it was last activated 17 May 2010." | Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator. | null | null | {
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} | 12865 | null |
information_extraction | From the passage identify the sacred animals of Hera. Display the results in a comma separated format. | Hera (Ἥρα, Hḗra)
Queen of the gods, and goddess of women, marriage, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires. She is the goddess of the sky, the wife and sister of Zeus, and the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a regal woman in the prime of her life, wearing a diadem and veil and holding a lotus-tipped staff. Although she is the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many infidelities drive her to jealousy and vengefulness. Her sacred animals include the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Her Roman counterpart is Juno. | heifer, the peacock, the cuckoo | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | 12866 | null |
information_extraction | Given the following text, what is Mýrdalsjökull, which country is it located in, how much rain or snow does it receive each year? | Mýrdalsjökull (pronounced [ˈmirˌtalsˌjœːkʏtl̥] (listen), Icelandic for "(the) mire dale glacier" or "(the) mire valley glacier") is an ice cap in the south of Iceland. It is to the north of Vík í Mýrdal and to the east of the smaller ice cap Eyjafjallajökull. Between these two glaciers is Fimmvörðuháls pass. Its peak reaches 1,493 m (4,898 ft) in height and in the year 1980 it covered an area of approximately 595 km2 (230 sq mi).
The icecap of the glacier covers an active volcano called Katla. The caldera of the volcano has a diameter of 10 km (6 mi) and the volcano erupts usually every 40–80 years. The last eruption took place in 1918. Scientists are actively monitoring the volcano, particularly after the eruption of nearby Eyjafjallajökull began in April 2010. Since the year 930, 16 eruptions have been documented.
The Eldgjá, a volcanic eruption fissure about 30 km (19 mi) long, which erupted in the year 936, is part of the same volcanic system.
Before the Hringvegur (the main ring road round the island) was built, people feared traversing the plains in front of the volcano because of the frequent jökulhlaups (glacial floods) and the deep rivers to be crossed, although the road is still vulnerable to major events. Especially dangerous was the glacial flood after the eruption of 1918 when the coastline was extended by 5 km (3.1 mi) by laharic flood deposits.
Mýrdalsjökull is an exceedingly wet location, with models suggesting it receives more than 10 metres of precipitation annually. | What: an ice cap
Country: Iceland
rain or snow per year: 10 meters annually | null | null | {
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brainstorming | Give me a list of horror/thriller books to read | The books of Blood by Clive Barker
A Lush and Seething Hell by John Hornor Jacobs
The Method by James Patterson
Dracula by Bram Stoker
Tender is the Flesh by Agustina Bazrerrica
Salem's Lot by Stephen King | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | 12868 | null |
|
brainstorming | How long does it take our sun to orbit the center of our galaxy | 230 million years! | null | null | {
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|
brainstorming | What are 3 ways I can do to feel better if I am in a bad mood? | I'm sorry you are in a bad mood. You can try going outside for a walk, go to the gym and workout, or take a hot bath. Feel well soon. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12870 | null |
|
open_qa | Name some active NBA famous players | Some active NBA famous players are Lebron James, Luka Doncic, Joel Embiid, Nikola Jokic , Kawhi Leonard, Zion Williamson, Kevin Durant | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12871 | null |
|
information_extraction | Who was Otto von Bismarck? | Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (German: Otto Fürst von Bismarck, Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Herzog zu Lauenburg, pronounced [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen); 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a Prussian and later German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of Junker landowners, Bismarck rose rapidly in Prussian politics, and from 1862 to 1890 he was the minister president and foreign minister of Prussia. Before his rise to the executive, he was the Prussian ambassador to Russia and France and served in both houses of the Prussian parliament. He masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as the first chancellor of the German Empire until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs. He had served as chancellor of the North German Confederation from 1867 to 1871, alongside his responsibilities in the Kingdom of Prussia. He cooperated with King Wilhelm I of Prussia to unify the various German states, a partnership that would last for the rest of Wilhelm's life. The King granted Bismarck the titles of Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen in 1865 and Prince of Bismarck in 1871. Bismarck provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia, while excluding Austria. Receiving the support of the independent South German states in the Confederation's defeat of France, he formed the German Empire – which also excluded Austria – and united Germany. | Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian and German soldier, statesman and diplomat who was largely responsible for Prussian unification with German as well as securing and ensuring its position through diplomacy. | null | null | {
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} | 12872 | null |
brainstorming | I'd like a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format <name> (<start date> - <end date>) | Here is a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand:
- Chris Hipkins (25 January 2023 - now)
- Jacinda Ardern (26 October 2017 - 25 January 2023)
- Bill English (12 December 2016 - 26 October 2017)
- John Key (19 November 2008 - 12 December 2016)
- Helen Clark (10 December 1999 - 19 November 2008) | null | null | {
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} | 12873 | null |
|
information_extraction | List the countries that are a part of UK. | The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people. | England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. | null | null | {
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} | 12874 | null |
open_qa | What do vaccines do? | Vaccines expose the immune system to a small amount of a disease so that the immune system learns how to fight it. This prevents the patient from getting the actual disease in the future | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12875 | null |
|
classification | Which is a bird or fish: Red grouse, Red grouper | Red grouse is a bird, Red grouper is a fish | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12876 | null |
|
summarization | How long has Dataminr been operating and who are their customers? | Dataminr was founded in 2009 by Yale University graduates Ted Bailey, Sam Hendel and Jeff Kinsey. Dataminr came to wider notice when it issued an alert that Osama bin Laden had been killed 23 minutes faster than major news organizations.
In 2014, Datamnr entered into a partnership with CNN and Twitter, resulting in Dataminr for News, a tool to "alert journalists to information that’s emerging on Twitter in real time."
On December 30, 2019, Dataminr claimed to have detected the first signals of the COVID-19 outbreak within public social media posts.[citation needed] The company went on to detect clusters indicating future spikes in 14 different US states. Seven days later, all 14 states were hit hard by the coronavirus. Dataminr partnered with the UN in May 2019 to equip thousands of UN personnel with Dataminr’s First Alert product for the public sector.
Dataminr's social media intelligence contract for the FBI was taken over by Zerofox at the end of 2020.
On the morning of January 5, 2021, Dataminr warned Capitol security officials of troubling online public chatter that would soon become the January 6 riot.
In July 2021, Dataminr conducted its first M&A transaction when it acquired WatchKeeper, a UK-based geovisualization platform. In the acquisition, Dataminr combined WatchKeeper’s geovisualized data layers with its Pulse platform to provide context around events. A few months later, in October 2021, Dataminr acquired Krizo, a real-time crisis response platform based in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The company ranked #5 on the Forbes AI 50 List in 2019 and was the winner of an 2019 AI Breakthrough Award for Best Overall AI Solution. In 2020, Dataminr was named to Forbes Cloud 100, and Deloitte Technology Fast 500, ‘Most Innovative Use of AI’ at the 2020 AI & Machine Learning Awards.
In 2020, Dataminr’s AI team had published several papers including, “Unsupervised Detection of Sub-Events in Large Scale Disasters,” for the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence quarterly journal; “Multimodal Categorization of Crisis Events in Social Media,” for Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2020; “Clustering of Social Media Messages for Humanitarian Aid Response during Crisis,” for AI for Social Good, and “The ApposCorpus: A new multilingual, multi-domain dataset for factual appositive generation,” for COLING 2020.
In late 2021, the company announced the appointment of Cristina Bita to its board of directors and as chairwoman of the audit committee. | Dataminr was founded in 2009 so it has been operating for 14 years. Dataminr sells to variety of organisations in the public and private sector such as the UN and journalists from new media organisations. | null | null | {
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} | 12877 | null |
creative_writing | Write a paragraph about the best things to do while vacationing in Palm Springs, California. | Palm Springs, California is a popular vacation destination for visitors from all over the world. It features a vibrant downtown shopping district and many opportunities for exploring the Sonoran Desert desert habitat. Visitors can enjoy a wide range of restaurant fare and many exciting attractions. The city is well known for its annual Modernism Week, when the city is packed with visitors touring the city's remarkable collection of mid-century modern homes and buildings. Throughout the surrounding Coachella Valley, visitors also have many options for golf, hiking, biking, and horseback riding. The city is surrounded by national parks and landmarks, and is about an hour's drive from one of the nation's most popular parks: Joshua Tree National Park. | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12878 | null |
|
creative_writing | Tell a story with the following: A guy that lives in San Jose California, he is a data scientist, he is in his mid 40's and he is aspiring to build an LLM model that will change the world | John is a data scientist living in San Jose California. He is in his mid 40s and has always been passionate about data science. He has always dreamed of creating a model that would revolutionize the world, but he has been struggling to find the right approach.
One day, John stumbled across a book that discussed a new way of approaching data science. He read it and was amazed by the concepts presented in the book. He immediately started to apply the ideas in the book and soon realized that he had found his calling. He quickly put together an LLM model that was capable of solving some of the most difficult data science problems.
John shared his model with the world and it quickly became a success. He was able to solve some of the most complex data science problems and he was able to prove that his model was better than any other model available. John was able to change the world and he is now considered one of the most successful data scientists in the world. | null | null | {
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} | 12879 | null |
|
open_qa | What are all of the professional football teams in the state of California? | The professional football teams in the state of California are the Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers, and San Francisco 49ers. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | 12880 | null |
|
creative_writing | You were abducted by aliens and experimented on, you were sent back to earth with the knowledge and ability to solve any problem on earth | Now that I have returned to earth with extreme knowledge and power, I have the ability to solve any problem in the world. I will start with antigravity enabling space travel for all. I will then discover the secret to longevity. I will answer the uncertainties of the world such as how the Pyramids came to be, lost civilizations, nuclear fusion and global warming. Finally, to make my millions, I will reverse male balding. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | 12881 | null |
|
classification | Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Boomerang, Captain Boomerang | Boomerang is Marvel, Captain Boomerang is DC | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
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|
closed_qa | Given this paragraph, who was the President of Mexico during the seige of Bexar? | The siege of Béxar (or Béjar) was an early campaign of the Texas Revolution in which a volunteer Texian army defeated Mexican forces at San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio, Texas). Texians had become disillusioned with the Mexican government as President and General Antonio López de Santa Anna's tenure became increasingly dictatorial. In early October 1835, Texas settlers gathered in Gonzales to stop Mexican troops from reclaiming a small cannon. The resulting skirmish, known as the Battle of Gonzales, launched the Texas Revolution. Men continued to assemble in Gonzales and soon established the Texian Army. Despite a lack of military training, well-respected local leader General Stephen F. Austin was elected commander. | Based on this text, during the seige of Bexar Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the President of Mexico. | null | null | {
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} | 12883 | null |
open_qa | What are the four great inventions of Ancient China? | The four great inventions of ancient China are paper-making, printing, gunpowder and compass. Paper that was most similar to modern materials, was first invented by a court official named Cai Lun in the early 2nd century China. It was relatively cheap, light and suitable for brush writing, and was produced using bark, rags, wheat stalks and other materials. As for printing, the first book with a verifiable date of printing was a Buddhist sutra that was printed in the Tang Dynasty, around the year of 868. The use of gunpowder technique was first discovered by Chinese monks in the 9th century CE, during their quest for a life-extending elixir. Last but not least, one of the first books to describe the magnetic compass was written by Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty, 11th Century CE. | null | null | {
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} | 12884 | null |
|
information_extraction | Extract all the weights and measures from the text | The Island Packet 27 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim and a teak and holly cabin sole. It is a Cutter-rigged sloop; with a spooned raked stem; a vertical transom; a rudder mounted to the keel, controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel or optional long keel and centerboard. It displaces 8,000 lb (3,629 kg) and carries 3,000 lb (1,361 kg) of ballast.
The keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of 3.70 ft (1.13 m), while the centerboard-equipped version has a draft of 6.0 ft (1.8 m) with the centerboard extended and 2.67 ft (0.81 m) with it retracted.
The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of 18 hp (13 kW). The fuel tank holds 19 U.S. gallons (72 L; 16 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 31 U.S. gallons (120 L; 26 imp gal).
The mainsheet traveler is on the rear taffrail. The cockpit features two jib winches and two halyard winches. The cockpit has room for eight adults and includes an icebox. There is a bowsprit with an anchor roller.
The galley is located on the port side of the boat and includes a two-burner alcohol-fired stove and optional pressure water supply. The head is located just aft of the forward "V"-berth, on the starboard side. Additional sleeping accommodation is provided by a cabin settee, which converts to a double berth, plus a single berth to port. The cabin table folds up against the bulkhead.
Cabin ventilation consists of six opening ports and a forward hatch. | 8000 lb / 3629 kg
3000 lb / 1361 kg
3.70 ft / 1.13 m
6.0 ft / 1.8 m
2.67 ft / 0.81m
18 hp / 13 kW
19 US gallons / 72 L / 16 imp gal
31 US gallons / 120 L / 26 imp gal | null | null | {
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} | 12885 | null |
summarization | Summarize what Alpha Phi is. | Alpha Phi International Women's Fraternity (ΑΦ, also known as APhi) is an international sorority with 172 active chapters and over 250,000 initiated members.
Founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872, it is the fourth Greek-letter organization founded for women, and the first women's fraternity founded in the northeast.
Alpha Phi is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference, the governing council of 26 women's fraternities. Alpha Phi's international headquarters are located in Evanston, Illinois. | Alpha Phi is one of the first women's fraternities founded in the Northeast. They have over 172 active chapters at College campuses and over 250,000 initiated members. Alpha Phi was founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | 12886 | null |
open_qa | Who won man booker International prize 2018? | Polish author Olga Tokarczuk | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12887 | null |
|
closed_qa | Where was Sarah Schechter born? | Schechter was born in Boston and grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts and New York City. Her father, Danny Schechter, a grandson of Russian-Jewish immigrant socialists, was a human rights activist, author, filmmaker and television producer. | Sarah Schechter was born in Boston, Massachusetts. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12888 | null |
general_qa | Why is pickleball so popular in the US right now? | Pickleball is easy to learn. Compared to tennis, it requires less strength and skills to play. It also takes up less space to set up a pickleball court. It does not create forearm tightness like tennis. It is a good sport for all ages. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12889 | null |
|
closed_qa | Given this paragraph, what is Peru's most popular tourist attraction and how many people visit it every year? | Machu Picchu is both a cultural and natural UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since its rediscovery in 1911, growing numbers of tourists have visited the site each year, with numbers exceeding 1.4 million in 2017. As Peru's most visited tourist attraction, and a major revenue generator, it is continually exposed to economic and commercial forces. In the late 1990s, the Peruvian government granted concessions to allow the construction of a cable car and a luxury hotel, including a tourist complex with boutiques and restaurants and a bridge to the site. Many people protested the plans, including Peruvians and foreign scientists, saying that more visitors would pose a physical burden on the ruins. In 2018, plans were restarted to again construct a cable car to encourage Peruvians to visit Machu Picchu and boost domestic tourism. A no-fly zone exists above the area. UNESCO is considering putting Machu Picchu on its List of World Heritage in Danger. | Machu Picchu is Peru's most visited tourist attraction, and a considerable number of people visit it every year. My data shows 1.4 million people visited Machu Picchu in the year 2017. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12890 | null |
open_qa | Best Actress Award in Drama series in 27th Screen Actors Guild(SAG) Awards was won by whom? | Gillian Anderson for her performance as Margaret Thatcher | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12891 | null |
|
brainstorming | Can you suggest 5 ways to use a Katana other than a weapon ? | 1. The Katana in its' sheath can be used as a walking stick
2. Used to removed overgrown foliage.
3. Can presented as a gift
4. Decorative purposes for your office, house or vehicle
5. Fancy dress events | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12892 | null |
|
summarization | Summarize the text and tell me the definition of a moon landing |
A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959.
The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There were six crewed U.S. landings between 1969 and 1972, and numerous uncrewed landings, with no soft landings happening between 22 August 1976 and 14 December 2013.
The United States is the only country to have successfully conducted crewed missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until 3 January 2019, when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon. | A moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12893 | null |
closed_qa | According to this article, how many Scottish pounds would four Half-pistole be worth? | A Half-pistole was a Scottish gold coin minted in 1701 under the reign of King William III. Along with the Pistole it was one of last gold coin minted for the Kingdom of Scotland before the Acts of Union 1707. The Half-pistole was equal to 6 Scottish pounds with an approximate value equal to the British Half guinea. | Four Half-pistole would be worth twenty-four (24) Scottish pounds. Each Half-pistole is 6 Scottish pounds and 6 x 4 = 24. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12894 | null |
open_qa | Pupik means belly button in what language | Yiddish | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12895 | null |
|
brainstorming | Can you help me avoid credit card debt? | Here are some strategies to avoid credit card debt:
1. Set a monthly spending budget and stay within it.
2. Always pay off your entire credit card bill each month.
3. Identify areas where you can reduce your spend (eating out, gifts, etc.) | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
"agent": null
} | 12896 | null |
|
open_qa | In what year were the first Air Jordan sneakers released? | 1984. | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | null | null | {
"type": null,
"score": null,
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} | null | null | {
"type": null,
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"agent": null
} | 12897 | null |
|
creative_writing | Why are cats better than dogs? | First, let me say that the question represents my own, personal, subjective opinion. I also adore dogs, just not as much as cats. I am fully a cat person.
The cat, though. I am humbled by the task of trying to accurately capture in words the mystery of these beautiful creatures who have chosen to enslave humans. So instead, because I am also trying to train a model, I will just use a lot of unnecessary adjectives and that will have to do.
Cats have been around humans for a long long time. I remember as a kid having a book that talked about how in Ancient Egypt cats were revered as holy creatures and kept in luxury in temples of Baast. The first known evidence of cat domestication is the excavation of a Neolithic grave in Cyprus. The thing I adore about cats is that they basically haven’t bothered to change themselves since then. They just carried on being slightly aloof and mysterious, but also affectionate and playful when they feel like it. And imperious and demanding, of course.
Cats are incredible communicators. They have learned to meow at humans because they realised we respond to meows, even though you will very rarely hear a cat meow at another cat (the indignity!). Meows and chirps are the special condescending language cats developed to communicate with an inferior species. My own cat can make crystal clear what he wants with looks, body language and the odd meow when he can be bothered. He is also a total drama queen and obviously manipulative. If he wants food he will try the ‘I’m hungry’ meow first and if that doesn’t work we get the full on “I’m starving, this is a tragedy, I will die almost immediately if I don’t get food right now”. I am full of respect for the cats’ ability to manipulate humans and the shamelessness with which they do this.
Cats are also super independent compared to dogs. No need for walks, no need for the dreaded poo bags, no need for expensive care every time you want to go away for a night. They love their humans but 100% on their own terms.
Cats are adorable and cute. I can’t stress this enough. Ever seen a cat roll over so you can see its fluffy belly. How can you not melt. Ever had a cat make biscuits on your lap (or in the air). Cuteness overload. They are even cute when they are mad. And most cats I’ve met know how to gently tell you what affection is allowed and what isn’t (illegal belly rubs). They will bat you with a paw, but the claws will be in. And a cat purring on your lap is the single most relaxing thing in the whole world.
The Swedish word for ‘cat’ is ‘kattepus’. That in itself seems a really great reason why cats are better than dogs.
The last word goes to Terry Pratchett, author of the Discworld novels, who wrote ‘In ancient times cats were worshipped as gods; they have not forgotten this’. And neither should we. | null | null | {
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} | 12898 | null |
|
open_qa | What is a computer? | A computer is an electronic device that generates output from input by the user. A computer can have a visual display to show user input as well as output. Modern computers have lot of sophisticated parts which includes a monitor for display, a keyboard for typing input, a mouse for browsing and CPU for processing the input. | null | null | {
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} | null | null | {
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} | 12899 | null |
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