Datasets:
princeton-nlp
/
datasets-for-simcse

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
text
stringlengths
1
2.56k
Several aboriginal interveners submitted on their right to stay in Canada based on treaties and their right to self-determination, further noting that they have already held two referendums, which decided against the separation of the aboriginal peoples from Canada.
Their attacked the Attorney General's on the basis that it completely ignored the role of aboriginal people within the constitution.
The court addressed the three questions in order.
First, they stated that, under the Canadian Constitution (and with Quebec being a party to it since its inception), unilateral secession was not legal.
However, should a referendum decide in favour of independence, the rest of Canada "would have no basis to deny the right of the government of Quebec to pursue secession."
Negotiations would have to follow to define the terms under which Quebec would gain independence, should it maintain that goal.
In this section of the judgement they stated that the Constitution is made up of written and unwritten principles (based on text, historical context, and previous constitutional jurisprudence) and that there are four fundamental tenets of the Canadian constitution.
Those four interrelated and equally important principles or values are:
They held that these pieces cannot be viewed independently but all interact as part of the Constitutional framework of Canada.
The answer to the second question, which concerned Quebec's right under international law to secede, gave the opinion that the international law on secession was not applicable to the situation of Quebec.
The court pointed out that international law "does not specifically grant component parts of sovereign states the legal right to secede unilaterally from their 'parent' state."
The Supreme Court of Canada's opinion stated that the right of a people to self-determination was expected to be exercised within the framework of existing states, by negotiation, for example.
Such a right could only be exercised unilaterally under certain circumstances, under current international law.
The court held that:
and that
The court stated in its opinion that, under international law, the right to secede was meant for peoples under a colonial rule or foreign occupation.
Otherwise, so long as a people has the meaningful exercise of its right to self-determination "within" an existing nation state, there is no right to secede unilaterally.
The Supreme Court further stated that: Quebec could not, despite a clear referendum result, purport to invoke a right of self-determination to dictate the terms of a proposed secession to the other parties to the federation.
The democratic vote, by however strong a majority, would have no legal effect on its own and could not push aside the principles of federalism and the rule of law, the rights of individuals and minorities, or the operation of democracy in the other provinces or in Canada as a whole.
Since the court saw no conflict between Canadian law and international law on the question (neither would allow Quebec to secede unilaterally), it considered it unnecessary to answer the question.
The decision has been regarded as a model discussion in international law for questions of separation between national political entities, particularly in relation to the results of a referendum.
The Quebec government of Lucien Bouchard stated that it was very pleased with the opinion of the Supreme Court.
Premier Bouchard stated publicly that the court had validated the referendum strategy that the sovereigntists had adopted with René Lévesque.
Quebec was most satisfied when the court made it clear that the question of Quebec's political status was above all a political question, not a legal one.
It also liked the fact that the Supreme Court made it clear that the government of Canada and that of the other provinces would have to negotiate after a winning referendum on secession.
This would make a unilateral declaration of independence unnecessary.
The Canadian government of Jean Chrétien stated that it was pleased with the court's opinion.
The Supreme Court had made it clear that Quebec could not declare independence unilaterally.
Any obligation of Canada to negotiate with Quebec was conditional on the sovereigntists' asking a clear question within the context of a referendum.
The government of Canada subsequently drafted the Clarity Act, which Parliament then enacted.
Holiday in Cambodia
"Holiday in Cambodia" is a song by American punk rock band Dead Kennedys.
The record was released as the group's second single in May 1980 on Optional Music with "Police Truck" as its B-side.
The title track was re-recorded for the band's first album, "Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables" (1980); the original recording of the song, as well as the single's B-side, are available on the rarities album "Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death" (1987).
The photograph in the front cover of the single was taken from the Thammasat University massacre in Thailand, and depicts a member of the right-wing crowd beating a hanged corpse of a student protester with a metal chair.
The song is an attack on stereotypical, moralizing, privileged American college students.
Its lyrics offer a satirical view of young, well-to-do and self-righteous Americans, contrasting such a lifestyle with the genocidal dictatorship of the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot and his Communist Party of Kampuchea (mentioned in the lyrics), which is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of roughly a quarter of Cambodian population between 1975 and 1979.
The re-recording of this song that appears on "Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables" is different from the single version, being fifty-five seconds longer, at a higher tempo and featuring an extended, surf-influenced intro, as well as an extended bridge and guitar solo.
The song also mentions the Dr. Seuss short story "The Sneetches".
In October 1998, Jello Biafra was sued by three former members of Dead Kennedys, who claimed that they had been defrauded of royalties owed to them.
"The record industry has been skimming royalties owed artists since the beginning," according to Dead Kennedys' guitarist East Bay Ray.
"This case is no different from blues musicians being taken advantage of in the twenties and thirties... [T]here is no denying we were the victims here."
According to Biafra, the suit was the result of his refusal to allow "Holiday in Cambodia" to be used in a commercial for Levi's Dockers; Biafra opposes Levi's due to what he believes are their unfair business practices and sweatshop labor.
Biafra lost the lawsuit and, as the owner of Alternative Tentacles, was ordered to pay $200,000 in damages to the other band members.
Regulation 17
Regulation 17 () was a regulation of the Ontario Conservative government designed to shut down French-language schools at a time when Francophones from Quebec were moving into eastern Ontario.
It was a regulation written by the Ministry of Education, issued in July 1912 by the Conservative government of premier Sir James P. Whitney.
It restricted the use of French as a language of instruction to the first two years of schooling.
It was amended in 1913, and it is that version that was applied throughout Ontario.
French Canadians reacted vehemently, and lost, dooming its French-language Catholic schools.
This was a reason why French Canadians distanced themselves from the subsequent World War I effort, as its young men refused to enlist.
French Canadians reacted with outrage.
Quebec journalist Henri Bourassa in November 1914 denounced the "Prussians of Ontario."
With the World War raging, this was a stinging insult.
The policy was strongly opposed by Franco-Ontarians, particularly in the national capital of Ottawa where the École Guigues was at the centre of the Battle of the Hatpins.
The newspaper "Le Droit", which is still published today as the province's only francophone daily newspaper, was established by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate in 1913 to oppose the ban.
Faced with separate school boards' resistance and defiance of the new regulation, the Ministry of Education issued Regulation 18 in August 1913 to coerce the school boards' employees into compliance.
Ontario's Catholics were led by the Irish Bishop Fallon, who united with the Protestants in opposing French schools.
Regulation 17 was repealed in 1927.
In 1915, the provincial government of Sir William Hearst replaced Ottawa's elected separate school board with a government-appointed commission.
After years of litigation from ACFÉO, however, the directive was never fully implemented.
The regulation was eventually repealed in 1927 by the government of Howard Ferguson following the recommendations of the Merchant-Scott-Côté report.
Ferguson was an opponent of bilingualism, but repealed the law because he needed to form a political alliance with Quebec premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau against the federal government.
The Conservative government reluctantly recognized bilingual schools, but the directive worsened relations between Ontario and Quebec for many years and is still keenly remembered by the French-speaking minority of Ontario.
Despite the repeal of Regulation 17, however, French-language schools in Ontario were not officially recognized under the provincial Education Act until 1968.
The Ontario Heritage Trust erected a plaque for L’École Guigues and Regulation 17 in front of the former school building, 159 Murray Street, Ottawa.
"L’École Guigues became the centre of minority-rights agitation in Ontario when in 1912 the provincial government issued a directive, commonly called Regulation 17, restricting French-language education.
Mounting protests forced the government to moderate its policy and in 1927 bilingual schools were officially recognized."
Rock River
Rock River may refer to:
CTF
CTF may refer to:
Unreal II: The Awakening
Unreal II: The Awakening is a first-person shooter video game, part of the "Unreal" series.
The game was developed by the now-defunct Legend Entertainment, published by Infogrames, and released for Microsoft Windows.
It was later ported to Microsoft's Xbox being ported by Tantalus and published by Infogrames' new name Atari, Inc.
Initially designed only for a single-player campaign, the game has one expansion called E"x"panded "M"ulti"p"layer (XMP), a multiplayer expansion that contains just one game mode that is similar to capture the flag, but requires more sophisticated tactics.
The expansion was included in a special edition and later offered as a free download to those who already had the retail version of "Unreal II".
The player controls a former Marine John Dalton, a Terran Colonial Authority Marshal whose job is to patrol remote areas of space far away from any real action.
He is called back into service to retrieve seven pieces of an ancient artifact thought to make a powerful weapon when assembled.
The plot follows a pre-set linear path like many first-person shooters, with the character going to various planets in search of the artifacts.
Level design at each location is also linear, with a certain amount of puzzle solving and key finding.
Environments on each planet are quite diverse, ranging from tropical to desert, bunkers and industrial installations, and alien cities and even inside the bodies of aliens.
During several missions the player must hold a location against waves of incoming enemies, in some cases using NPCs and equipment (such as sentry guns) as support.
"Unreal II: eXpanded MultiPlayer" was developed by Legend Entertainment for Atari to deliver on the original promise to extend the original single player game "Unreal II" with a multiplayer functionality.
The first playable version was released and made available for download on December 9, 2003.
Almost nearing completion, the development of the game was suddenly halted by the unexpected close-down of Legend Entertainment on January 16, 2004.
"Unreal Tournament: Expanded Multiplayer" ("UT XMP") is a port of the same to "Unreal Tournament 2004".
"XMP" is a team-based game, where the players are split into two teams, red and blue.
Both teams have a base with an Artifact Node.
Each Artifact Node initially contains two Artifacts.
The main objective is to steal the enemy's Artifacts and then register them at the Artifact Node belonging to the player's own team, but a team can also win by capturing and holding all generators, effectively draining the enemy team's energy.
Energy is required for almost everything in the game: weapons, vehicles and even the player's advanced movements.
Autonomous mechanical defenses (so-called "Deployables") consume the most energy.
Without energy, registering the enemy's Artifacts as their own cannot be done.
Each map has a number of Generators which can be hacked by each team to provide energy.
There are two separate supplies of Energy a player is concerned with: their team's Energy supply (the tall blue bar to the extreme lower right of the HUD) and their personal Energy reserve (the short yellow bar to the immediate left of the team energy bar).
The personal Energy reserve is depleted when performing any of the 'advanced' functions of the game; i.e.
hacking an object, deploying a turret or a mine, healing a teammate or activating jump jets.
Some things, however, draw directly from the team's energy reserve, such as deployed turrets, or driving or firing from a vehicle.