princeton-nlp/datasets-for-simcse · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 1 2.56k
Adapted from "The Raven" liner notes.
Production
Biogenic substance
A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms.
The term encompasses constituents, secretions, and metabolites of plants or animals.
In context of molecular biology, biogenic substances are referred to as biomolecules.
An abiogenic substance or process does not result from the present or past activity of living organisms.
Abiogenic products may, e.g., be minerals, other inorganic compounds, as well as simple organic compounds (e.g.
extraterrestrial methane, see also abiogenesis).
Biogenic amine
A biogenic amine is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups.
They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.
Biogenic amines are organic bases with low molecular weight and are synthesized by microbial, vegetable and animal metabolisms.
In food and beverages they are formed by the enzymes of raw material or are generated by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids.
Some prominent examples of biogenic monoamines include:
Monoamine neurotransmitters
Trace amines (endogenous amines that activate the human TAAR1 receptor)
Tryptamines
Other biogenic monoamines
Examples of notable biogenic polyamines include:
There is a distinction between endogenous and exogenous biogenic amines.
Endogenous amines are produced in many different tissues (for example: adrenaline in adrenal medulla or histamine in mast cells and liver).
The amines are transmitted locally or via the blood system.
The exogenous amines are directly absorbed from food in the intestine.
Alcohol can increase the absorption rate.
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down biogenic amines and prevents excessive resorption.
MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) are also used as medications for the treatment of depression to prevent MAO from breaking down amines important for positive mood.
Biogenic amines can be found in all foods containing proteins or free amino acids and are found in a wide range of food products including fish products, meat products, dairy products, wine, beer, vegetables, fruits, nuts and chocolate.
In non-fermented foods the presence of biogenic amines is mostly undesired and can be used as indication for microbial spoilage.
In fermented foods, one can expect the presence of many kinds of microorganisms, some of them being capable of producing biogenic amines.
They play an important role as source of nitrogen and precursor for the synthesis of hormones, alkaloids, nucleic acids, proteins, amines and food aroma components.
However, food containing high amounts of biogenic amines may have toxicological effects.
Biogenic amines are naturally present in grapes or can occur during the vinification and aging processes, essentially due to the microorganism's activity.
When present in wines in high amount, biogenic amines may cause not only organoleptic defects but also adverse effects in sensitive human individuals, namely due to the toxicity of histamine, tyramine and putrescine.
Even though there are no legal limits for the concentration of biogenic amines in wines, some European countries only recommend maximum limits for histamine.
In this sense, biogenic amines in wines have been widely studied.
The determination of amines in wines is commonly achieved by liquid chromatography, using derivatization reagents in order to promote its separation and detection.
In alternative, other promising methodologies have been developed using capillary electrophoresis or biosensors, revealing lower costs and faster results, without needing a derivatization step.
It is still a challenge to develop faster and inexpensive techniques or methodologies to apply in the wine industry.
Sugar River (Wisconsin)
The Sugar River is a tributary of the Pecatonica River, approximately long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Illinois.
It rises in the hills of southwest Wisconsin, in southwest Dane County, approximately southwest of Madison.
The headwaters are at the southern terminus of the last North American glacier.
West of the river, the land elevates from lack of glaciation and joins what is known as the "driftless area", known for its abrupt hills and valleys, covering most of southwest Wisconsin.
From its source, the river meanders southeast, past Paoli and Belleville, where it is dammed to form Lake Belle View.
From there it meanders east of Monticello where it is joined by the Little Sugar River and flows south through Albany, and Brodhead.
It crosses into northern Illinois flowing past an extensive area of the Forest Preserves of Winnebago County system.
These preserves are Sugar River Alder, Colored Sands, and Sugar River.
The river joins the Pecatonica River in northern Winnebago County near Shirland, approximately south of the state line and approximately north-northwest of Rockford.
The Sugar River State Trail is a abandoned railroad line used for walking, bicycling, snowmobiling, and cross-country skiing.
Two organizations have been established to protect the watershed around the upper and lower stretches of the Sugar River.
The Upper Sugar River Watershed Association manages the watershed north of Belleville and the Lower Sugar River Watershed Association manages the watershed south of Albany.
The area in between, the Middle Sugar River Watershed, does not have an established organization.
David M. Walker (astronaut)
David Mathieson "Dave" Walker (May 20, 1944 – April 23, 2001), (Capt, USN), was an American naval officer and aviator, fighter pilot, test pilot, and a former NASA astronaut.
He flew aboard four Space Shuttle missions in the 1980s and 1990s.
Born May 20, 1944, in Columbus, Georgia.
He was a Boy Scout and earned its highest rank of Eagle Scout.
Died on April 23, 2001 from cancer, Walker was 56 years old and was being treated at University of Texas M.D.
Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas.
His wife, the former Paige Lucas, and two adult sons from a previous marriage, Michael and Mathieson, survive him.
He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on May 24, 2001.
Walker graduated from the U.S.
Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland and subsequently received flight training from the Naval Air Training Command at bases in Florida, Mississippi, and Texas.
He was designated a Naval Aviator in December 1967 and proceeded to Naval Air Station Miramar, California, for assignment to F-4 Phantoms aboard the aircraft carriers USS "Enterprise" and USS "America".
From December 1970 to 1971, he attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was subsequently assigned in January 1972 as an experimental and engineering test pilot in the flight test division at the U.S.
Naval Test Pilot School, NAS Patuxent River, Maryland.
While there, he participated in the Navy's preliminary evaluation and Board of Inspection and Survey trials of the F-14 Tomcat and tested a leading edge slat modification to the F-4 Phantom.
He then attended the United States Navy Safety Officer School at Monterey, California, and completed replacement pilot training in the F-14 Tomcat at NAS Miramar, California.
In 1975, Walker was assigned to Fighter Squadron 142 (VF-142), stationed at NAS Oceana, Virginia, as a fighter pilot and was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea twice aboard the USS "America".
He logged more than 7,500 hours flying time, with over 6,500 hours in jet aircraft.
One of 35 candidates selected by NASA in January 1978 for the new Space Shuttle program, Walker became an astronaut in August 1979.
Among his technical assignments, he served as Astronaut Office Safety Officer; technical assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations in 1981; a chase pilot on STS-1; software verification at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); mission support group leader for STS-5 and STS-6; Assistant to the Director, Flight Crew Operations; leader of the astronaut support team at Kennedy Space Center in 1985; Branch Chief, Space Station Design and Development; and Special Manager for Assembly, Space Station Project Office.
From July 1993 to June 1994, Walker was Chief of the Station/Exploration Support Office, Flight Crew Operations Directorate, after which he chaired the JSC Safety Review Board.
A veteran of four spaceflights, Walker logged nearly 725 hours in space.
He was the Pilot on STS-51-A in 1984, and was the Commander of STS-30 in 1989, STS-53 in 1992 and STS-69 in 1995.
Walker was in training to command STS-61-G, scheduled for a May 1986 launch when the "Challenger" disaster forced NASA to suspend all Shuttle flights.
In 1989, while piloting a NASA T-38 Talon to Washington, D.C. for ceremonies honoring the crew of STS-30, Walker came within 100 ft (30 m) of striking a Pan Am jetliner.
That encounter and other infractions of NASA flying rules caused him to be grounded from July to September 1990, costing him the command of STS-44.
STS-51-A "Discovery" (November 8–16, 1984) was launched from and returned to land at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H), and Hughes' LEASAT-1 (Syncom IV-1).
In the first space salvage mission in history, the crew also retrieved for return to Earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar VI satellites.
Mission duration was 127 Earth orbits in 7 days, 23 hours, 44 minutes, 56 seconds.
STS-30 "Atlantis" (May 4–8, 1989) was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
During the 4-day mission the crew successfully deployed the Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle.
Magellan arrived at Venus in August 1990, and mapped over 95% of the surface of Venus.
In addition, the crew also worked on secondary payloads involving fluid research in general, chemistry, and electrical storm studies.
Following 64 orbits of the Earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with the first cross-wind landing test of the Shuttle Orbiter at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
STS-53 "Discovery" (December 2–9, 1992) was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and also returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
During 115 Earth orbits the five-man crew deployed a classified Department of Defense payload DOD-1 and then performed several Military-Man-in-Space and NASA experiments.
Mission duration was 175 hours, 19 minutes, 17 seconds.
STS-69 "Endeavour" (September 7–18, 1995) was launched from and returned to land at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
During the mission the crew successfully deployed and retrieved a SPARTAN satellite and the Wake Shield Facility.
Also on board was the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker payload, and numerous secondary payloads and medical experiments.
Mission duration was 10 days, 20 hours, 28 minutes.
In April 1996, Walker retired from the Navy and left NASA to become Vice President for sales and marketing for NDC Voice Communications in San Diego, California.
He joined Ultrafast, Inc. of Malvern, Pennsylvania in April 1999 as Vice President of aerospace sales.
Later he retired to McCall, Idaho, however he sometimes worked as a consultant to the Aerospace Industry.
In 1998, Walker served as space technology consultant on the film "Deep Impact".
Workers' Communist Party of Canada

Adapted from "The Raven" liner notes.

Production

Biogenic substance

A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms.

The term encompasses constituents, secretions, and metabolites of plants or animals.

In context of molecular biology, biogenic substances are referred to as biomolecules.

An abiogenic substance or process does not result from the present or past activity of living organisms.

Abiogenic products may, e.g., be minerals, other inorganic compounds, as well as simple organic compounds (e.g.

extraterrestrial methane, see also abiogenesis).

Biogenic amine

A biogenic amine is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups.

They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.

Biogenic amines are organic bases with low molecular weight and are synthesized by microbial, vegetable and animal metabolisms.

In food and beverages they are formed by the enzymes of raw material or are generated by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids.

Some prominent examples of biogenic monoamines include:

Monoamine neurotransmitters

Trace amines (endogenous amines that activate the human TAAR1 receptor)

Tryptamines

Other biogenic monoamines

Examples of notable biogenic polyamines include:

There is a distinction between endogenous and exogenous biogenic amines.

Endogenous amines are produced in many different tissues (for example: adrenaline in adrenal medulla or histamine in mast cells and liver).

The amines are transmitted locally or via the blood system.

The exogenous amines are directly absorbed from food in the intestine.

Alcohol can increase the absorption rate.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down biogenic amines and prevents excessive resorption.

MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) are also used as medications for the treatment of depression to prevent MAO from breaking down amines important for positive mood.

Biogenic amines can be found in all foods containing proteins or free amino acids and are found in a wide range of food products including fish products, meat products, dairy products, wine, beer, vegetables, fruits, nuts and chocolate.

In non-fermented foods the presence of biogenic amines is mostly undesired and can be used as indication for microbial spoilage.

In fermented foods, one can expect the presence of many kinds of microorganisms, some of them being capable of producing biogenic amines.

They play an important role as source of nitrogen and precursor for the synthesis of hormones, alkaloids, nucleic acids, proteins, amines and food aroma components.

However, food containing high amounts of biogenic amines may have toxicological effects.

Biogenic amines are naturally present in grapes or can occur during the vinification and aging processes, essentially due to the microorganism's activity.

When present in wines in high amount, biogenic amines may cause not only organoleptic defects but also adverse effects in sensitive human individuals, namely due to the toxicity of histamine, tyramine and putrescine.

Even though there are no legal limits for the concentration of biogenic amines in wines, some European countries only recommend maximum limits for histamine.

In this sense, biogenic amines in wines have been widely studied.

The determination of amines in wines is commonly achieved by liquid chromatography, using derivatization reagents in order to promote its separation and detection.

In alternative, other promising methodologies have been developed using capillary electrophoresis or biosensors, revealing lower costs and faster results, without needing a derivatization step.

It is still a challenge to develop faster and inexpensive techniques or methodologies to apply in the wine industry.

Sugar River (Wisconsin)

The Sugar River is a tributary of the Pecatonica River, approximately long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Illinois.

It rises in the hills of southwest Wisconsin, in southwest Dane County, approximately southwest of Madison.

The headwaters are at the southern terminus of the last North American glacier.

West of the river, the land elevates from lack of glaciation and joins what is known as the "driftless area", known for its abrupt hills and valleys, covering most of southwest Wisconsin.

From its source, the river meanders southeast, past Paoli and Belleville, where it is dammed to form Lake Belle View.

From there it meanders east of Monticello where it is joined by the Little Sugar River and flows south through Albany, and Brodhead.

It crosses into northern Illinois flowing past an extensive area of the Forest Preserves of Winnebago County system.

These preserves are Sugar River Alder, Colored Sands, and Sugar River.

The river joins the Pecatonica River in northern Winnebago County near Shirland, approximately south of the state line and approximately north-northwest of Rockford.

The Sugar River State Trail is a abandoned railroad line used for walking, bicycling, snowmobiling, and cross-country skiing.

Two organizations have been established to protect the watershed around the upper and lower stretches of the Sugar River.

The Upper Sugar River Watershed Association manages the watershed north of Belleville and the Lower Sugar River Watershed Association manages the watershed south of Albany.

The area in between, the Middle Sugar River Watershed, does not have an established organization.

David M. Walker (astronaut)

David Mathieson "Dave" Walker (May 20, 1944 – April 23, 2001), (Capt, USN), was an American naval officer and aviator, fighter pilot, test pilot, and a former NASA astronaut.

He flew aboard four Space Shuttle missions in the 1980s and 1990s.

Born May 20, 1944, in Columbus, Georgia.

He was a Boy Scout and earned its highest rank of Eagle Scout.

Died on April 23, 2001 from cancer, Walker was 56 years old and was being treated at University of Texas M.D.

Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas.

His wife, the former Paige Lucas, and two adult sons from a previous marriage, Michael and Mathieson, survive him.

He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on May 24, 2001.

Walker graduated from the U.S.

Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland and subsequently received flight training from the Naval Air Training Command at bases in Florida, Mississippi, and Texas.

He was designated a Naval Aviator in December 1967 and proceeded to Naval Air Station Miramar, California, for assignment to F-4 Phantoms aboard the aircraft carriers USS "Enterprise" and USS "America".

From December 1970 to 1971, he attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was subsequently assigned in January 1972 as an experimental and engineering test pilot in the flight test division at the U.S.

Naval Test Pilot School, NAS Patuxent River, Maryland.

While there, he participated in the Navy's preliminary evaluation and Board of Inspection and Survey trials of the F-14 Tomcat and tested a leading edge slat modification to the F-4 Phantom.

He then attended the United States Navy Safety Officer School at Monterey, California, and completed replacement pilot training in the F-14 Tomcat at NAS Miramar, California.

In 1975, Walker was assigned to Fighter Squadron 142 (VF-142), stationed at NAS Oceana, Virginia, as a fighter pilot and was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea twice aboard the USS "America".

He logged more than 7,500 hours flying time, with over 6,500 hours in jet aircraft.

One of 35 candidates selected by NASA in January 1978 for the new Space Shuttle program, Walker became an astronaut in August 1979.

Among his technical assignments, he served as Astronaut Office Safety Officer; technical assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations in 1981; a chase pilot on STS-1; software verification at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); mission support group leader for STS-5 and STS-6; Assistant to the Director, Flight Crew Operations; leader of the astronaut support team at Kennedy Space Center in 1985; Branch Chief, Space Station Design and Development; and Special Manager for Assembly, Space Station Project Office.

From July 1993 to June 1994, Walker was Chief of the Station/Exploration Support Office, Flight Crew Operations Directorate, after which he chaired the JSC Safety Review Board.

A veteran of four spaceflights, Walker logged nearly 725 hours in space.

He was the Pilot on STS-51-A in 1984, and was the Commander of STS-30 in 1989, STS-53 in 1992 and STS-69 in 1995.

Walker was in training to command STS-61-G, scheduled for a May 1986 launch when the "Challenger" disaster forced NASA to suspend all Shuttle flights.

In 1989, while piloting a NASA T-38 Talon to Washington, D.C. for ceremonies honoring the crew of STS-30, Walker came within 100 ft (30 m) of striking a Pan Am jetliner.

That encounter and other infractions of NASA flying rules caused him to be grounded from July to September 1990, costing him the command of STS-44.

STS-51-A "Discovery" (November 8–16, 1984) was launched from and returned to land at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H), and Hughes' LEASAT-1 (Syncom IV-1).

In the first space salvage mission in history, the crew also retrieved for return to Earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar VI satellites.

Mission duration was 127 Earth orbits in 7 days, 23 hours, 44 minutes, 56 seconds.

STS-30 "Atlantis" (May 4–8, 1989) was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

During the 4-day mission the crew successfully deployed the Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle.

Magellan arrived at Venus in August 1990, and mapped over 95% of the surface of Venus.

In addition, the crew also worked on secondary payloads involving fluid research in general, chemistry, and electrical storm studies.

Following 64 orbits of the Earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with the first cross-wind landing test of the Shuttle Orbiter at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

STS-53 "Discovery" (December 2–9, 1992) was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and also returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

During 115 Earth orbits the five-man crew deployed a classified Department of Defense payload DOD-1 and then performed several Military-Man-in-Space and NASA experiments.

Mission duration was 175 hours, 19 minutes, 17 seconds.

STS-69 "Endeavour" (September 7–18, 1995) was launched from and returned to land at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

During the mission the crew successfully deployed and retrieved a SPARTAN satellite and the Wake Shield Facility.

Also on board was the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker payload, and numerous secondary payloads and medical experiments.

Mission duration was 10 days, 20 hours, 28 minutes.

In April 1996, Walker retired from the Navy and left NASA to become Vice President for sales and marketing for NDC Voice Communications in San Diego, California.

He joined Ultrafast, Inc. of Malvern, Pennsylvania in April 1999 as Vice President of aerospace sales.

Later he retired to McCall, Idaho, however he sometimes worked as a consultant to the Aerospace Industry.

In 1998, Walker served as space technology consultant on the film "Deep Impact".

Workers' Communist Party of Canada