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4. 目前正在开展各项努力以加强联合国系统，特别是采取措施重新定位联合国发展系统，调整和平与安全架构，更新管理和行政安排，提高性别平等相关能力和分析。这些努力将进一步支持联合国执行任务，包括支持特别政治任务履行职责。特别是，在结构重组后即将成立的政治和建设和平事务部与和平行动部之间将建立一个联合区域支柱，这将确保更好地支持特别政治任务的工作，以及采取全面综合的区域办法。我期待着明年 1 月我推出的各项改革全面投入运作。 | 4. The ongoing efforts to strengthen the United Nations system, notably through the initiatives currently under way to reposition the United Nations development system, adjust its peace and security architecture, update its management and administrative arrangements and increase its capacity and analysis related to gender, will further support the United Nations in delivering on its mandates, including those of special political missions. In particular, the establishment of a joint regional pillar in the restructured future Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs and Department of Peace Operations will ensure better support to the work of special political missions, as well as comprehensive and integrated regional approaches. I look forward to the full operationalization of my reforms next January. |
5. 本报告根据大会第 72/89 号决议提交，大会在该决议中请我就与特别政治任务相关的总体政策事项提交一份报告，包括说明为增强专门知识、成效、透明度、问责制、地域代表性、性别平等视角和妇女平等参与所作的努力。本报告是就这一问题向大会提交的第六次报告，所涉期间为 2017 年 8 月至 2018 年 7 月。报告第二节重点介绍本报告所述期间的主要业务发展。第三节概述了 2018 年 7 月 9日在纽约与会员国就特别政治任务举行的互动对话。第四节讨论了与特别政治任务有关的各种政策问题，第五节载有关于这一工具的重要性以及如何进一步加强这一工具的一些意见。 | 5. The present report is submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 72/89, in which the Assembly requested me to submit a report regarding overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions, including efforts towards improving expertise and effectiveness, transparency, accountability, geographical representation, gender perspective and women’s equal participation. The report, which is the sixth to the Assembly on this issue, covers developments from August 2017 to July 2018. Section II of the report focuses on key operational developments during the reporting period. Section III provides a summary of the interactive dialogue with Member States on special political missions held in New York on 9 July 2018. Section IV addresses various policy issues pertaining to special political missions and section V contains some observations on the importance of this tool and ways to strengthen it further. |
二. 主要业务发展情况 | II. Key operational developments |
6. 本节概要介绍 2017 年 8 月至 2018 年 7 月报告所述期间特别政治任务主要业务发展的最新情况。 | 6. The present section provides, in summarized form, an update on key developments concerning the operations of special political missions in the reporting period, from August 2017 to July 2018. |
7. 在大湖区，我的特使办公室与非洲联盟和其他区域机构一道，继续支持执行《刚果民主共和国和该区域的和平、安全与合作框架》。2018 年 4 月，我的特使办公室和联合国组织刚果民主共和国稳定特派团与刚果民主共和国、卢旺达和乌干达政府代表以及该框架的其他担保人一道，发起了一个后续机制，遣返已解除武装的解放卢旺达民主力量前战斗人员及其生活在刚果民主共和国东部中转兵营的家属，以及目前居住在卢旺达和乌干达境内营地的“3·23”运动前战斗人员及其家属。 | 7. In the Great Lakes region, the Office of my Special Envoy, together with the African Union and other regional bodies, continued to support the implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region. The Office of my Special Envoy and the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, together with representatives of the Governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda and the other guarantors of the Framework, launched a follow-up mechanism in April 2018 for the repatriation of disarmed former combatants of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda and their dependants living in transit camps in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as former combatants of the Mouvement du 23 mars and their dependants who currently reside in camps in Rwanda and Uganda. |
8. 为支持可持续发展努力，我的大湖区问题特使办公室继续推动实施大湖区区域战略框架，该框架通过调整方案和政治干预措施，协调联合国在该区域的行动，以支持和平、安全与合作框架。在这方面，区域战略框架确定了具体的跨界项目，这些项目有助于解决区域不稳定的根源问题，促进该区域各国之间的合作，包括在自然资源、经济一体化、流动性、青年、性别平等和法治等领域的合作。 | 8. In support of sustainable development efforts, the Office of my Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region continued to promote the operationalization of the Great Lakes regional strategic framework, which harmonizes United Nations action in the region by aligning programmatic and political interventions in support of the objectives of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework. In this regard, specific cross-border projects are identified in the regional strategic framework, which contribute to addressing the root causes of regional instability and promoting cooperation among the countries of the region, including in the areas of natural resources, economic integration, mobility, youth, gender and the rule of law. |
9. 在本报告所述期间，我的特使牵头采取了几项举措，促进为对话和政治进程提供协调一致的区域和国际支持，特别是在刚果民主共和国和布隆迪提供支持，并继续促进妇女参与整个大湖区的政治进程。在我的特使的倡议下，经与大湖区问题国际会议协商，并与联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)合作，由代表联合国、预防冲突与和平调解非洲妇女网络(“妇女智者”)和大湖区问题国际会议的妇女领导人组成的高级别团结代表团于 2018 年 7 月和 8 月访问了布隆迪、中非共和国、刚果民主共和国和南苏丹。访问的目的是促进妇女关注和参与该区域的决策以及和平与政治进程。 | 9. During the reporting period, my Special Envoy led several initiatives to promote concerted regional and international support for dialogue and political processes, notably in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi, and continued to promote the participation of women in political processes across the Great Lakes region. At my Special Envoy’s initiative, following consultations with the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region and in cooperation with the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), high-level solidarity missions by women leaders representing the United Nations, the African Network of Women in Conflict Prevention and Peace Mediation (FemWise) and the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region were deployed to Burundi, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan in July and August 2018. The objective of the missions was to promote women’s concerns and participation in decision-making and in peace and political processes in the region. |
10. 我的布隆迪问题特使办公室支持由东非共同体领导的布隆迪对话。由东非共同体、非洲联盟和联合国组成的联合技术工作组于 2017 年 9 月、11 月和 12 月举行了四次会议，为进一步对话铺平道路。特使于 2017 年 11 月和 12 月前往布隆迪，并分别于 2018 年 1 月和 3 月在亚的斯亚贝巴与非洲联盟委员会主席及非洲联盟和平与安全事务专员举行磋商，讨论联合国和非洲联盟如何进一步支持东非共同体的努力。恢复东非共同体主导的对话对于在 2020 年预期选举之前解决各方之间的分歧至关重要。特使将继续与东非共同体和非洲联盟探讨推动这一进程的备选办法。 | 10. The Office of my Special Envoy for Burundi supported the inter-Burundi dialogue, which is led by the East African Community. The joint technical working group, composed of the East African Community, the African Union and the United Nations, held four meetings in September, November and December 2017 to pave the way for further dialogue. The Special Envoy travelled to Burundi in November and December 2017 and held consultations in Addis Ababa with the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and its Commissioner for Peace and Security in January and March 2018 respectively, on how the United Nations and the African Union can further support the efforts of the East African Community. The resumption of the East African Community-led dialogue will be critical to resolving differences among the parties ahead of expected elections in 2020. The Special Envoy will continue to explore options with the East African Community and the African Union to move the process forward. |
11. 联合国索马里援助团(联索援助团)继续发挥关键作用，协调国际社会对该国政治进程的支持和全面参与，包括支持联邦政府 2017-2020 年包容各方的政治路线图。作为安全理事会第 2358(2017)和 2408(2018)号决议规定的选举支助任务的一部分，联索援助团正在为筹备 2020/2021 年选举向全国独立选举委员会和内政、联邦事务与和解部提供能力建设、技术和战略咨询。联索援助团还支助索马里政府在安全和法治部门的工作，特别是支助建立国家安全架构，该架构与将安全责任从非洲联盟驻索马里特派团移交给索马里国家安全部队的过渡计划密切相关。作为其人权任务的一部分，联索援助团继续开展监测和能力建设工作，包括促进尊重人权、增强妇女权能和儿童保护；防止冲突中的性暴力和性别暴力行为；加强司法机构，尤其帮助追究危害妇女和儿童罪行的责任。 | 11. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) continued to play a key role in coordinating support from the international community for the political process and overall engagement in the country, including for the Federal Government’s political road map for inclusive politics, 2017–2020. As part of its electoral support mandate, set out in Security Council resolutions 2358 (2017) and 2408 (2018), UNSOM is providing capacity-building, technical and strategic advice to the National Independent Electoral Commission and the Ministry of the Interior, Federal Affairs and Reconciliation in preparation for the 2020/21 elections. UNSOM has also been supporting the Government of Somalia in the security and rule of law sectors, in particular in establishing the national security architecture, with close interlinkages with the transition plan for the handover of security responsibilities from the African Union Mission in Somalia to Somali national security forces. As part of its human rights mandate, UNSOM continued to engage in monitoring and capacity-building efforts, including to promote respect for human rights, women’s empowerment and child protection; prevent conflict-related sexual violence and gender-based violence; and strengthen justice institutions and help to ensure accountability, in particular with respect to crimes against women and children. |
12. 联索援助团还越来越多地支持联邦政府为加强和平与和解进程采取各项举措，特别是巩固联邦国家的组建以及调解、预防冲突和解决冲突。联索援助团协助内政、联邦事务与和解部制定了民族和解框架，并成立了和解之友小组。该小组由会员国、区域组织和国际组织以及民间社会组成，支持地方部族间的和解进程。这项努力力求借鉴 2017 年的经验，包括推动邦特兰和贾穆杜格就有争议的边境城镇加勒卡约达成了停火协议，接着又建立了联合警务机制，以监测协议的执行情况。 | 12. UNSOM is also providing increasing support to the Federal Government’s reinforced initiative on peace and reconciliation processes, in particular for the consolidation of the formation of the Federal State, as well as mediation, prevention and resolution of conflicts. UNSOM has assisted the Ministry of the Interior, Federal Affairs and Reconciliation in developing its national reconciliation framework and establishing a group of friends of reconciliation. The group comprises Member States, regional and international organizations and civil society and supports local inter-clan reconciliation processes. This effort seeks to build on experiences from 2017, including the facilitation of a ceasefire agreement between Puntland and Galmudug over the disputed border town of Gaalkacyo, followed by the establishment of a joint policing mechanism to monitor the implementation of that agreement. |
13. 在本报告所述期间，我的苏丹和南苏丹问题特使办公室与非洲联盟高级别执行小组密切协作，继续推动解决《全面和平协议》中的未决问题。特使办公室力争达成各项安排，以加强苏丹和南苏丹之间的双边关系，化解阻碍双边关系正常化的两国内部的相关冲突。特使办公室鼓励各方参与建立关于阿卜耶伊最终地位的临时安排。另外，该办公室与高级别执行小组合作，继续支持苏丹政府与苏丹人民解放运动/解放军之间的谈判，以找到解决两个地区(南科尔多凡州和青尼罗州)冲突的办法。 | 13. During the reporting period, the Office of my Special Envoy for the Sudan and South Sudan, working in close collaboration with the African Union High-level Implementation Panel, continued to promote the resolution of outstanding issues from the comprehensive peace agreement. It pursued arrangements to strengthen bilateral relations between the Sudan and South Sudan and to address related internal conflicts in both countries that are an impediment to the normalization of bilateral relations. The Office encouraged the parties to engage in the establishment of temporary arrangements on the final status of Abyei. Furthermore, in partnership with the High - level Implementation Panel, the Office continued to support the negotiations between the Government of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army-North to find a settlement to the conflict in the Two Areas (Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States). |
14. 我的特使办公室与政府间发展组织(伊加特)和非洲联盟合作，进一步支持努力与有关各方进行接触，争取政治解决南苏丹冲突。在伊加特领导的重振协议高级别论坛筹备过程中，特使办公室提供了广泛支持，包括进行穿梭外交。该论坛的成果是于 2017 年 12 月签署了一项停止敌对行动协议。我的特使办公室还寻求在联合国、非洲联盟和伊加特之间建立密切的工作关系和共同战略。 | 14. Working in close partnership with the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the African Union, the Office of my Special Envoy further supported efforts to engage with the parties towards a political solution to the conflict in South Sudan. It provided extensive support, including shuttle diplomacy, in the lead-up to the IGAD-led high-level revitalization forum, which resulted in the signing of a cessation of hostilities agreement in December 2017. The Office of my Special Envoy also sought to establish close working relations and a shared strategy between the United Nations, the African Union and IGAD. |
15. 在利比里亚，联合国西非和萨赫勒办事处(西萨办)与联合国利比里亚特派团(联利特派团)以及区域和国际伙伴密切协调，在 2017 年 10 月 10 日大选和 2017年 12 月 26 日第二轮总统选举之前促进和确保和平环境。此外，西萨办与联利特派团协调，帮助部署我的调解问题高级别咨询委员会成员、尼日利亚前总统奥卢塞贡·奥巴桑乔配合开展斡旋努力，支持和平解决选举争端和该国有序的民主过渡。总体而言，西萨办的工作对和平和成功地开展选举作出了贡献，最终乔治·马内·维阿总统于 2018 年 1 月 22 日宣誓就职。 | 15. In Liberia, the United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) worked in close coordination with the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and regional and international partners to promote and ensure a peaceful environment in the run up to the general elections held on 10 October 2017 and the second round of the presidential election conducted on 26 December 2017. In addition, UNOWAS contributed, in coordination with UNMIL, to the deployment of former President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria, a member of my High-level Advisory Board on Mediation, to complement good offices efforts in support of a peaceful resolution of electoral disputes and an orderly democratic transition in the country. Overall, the efforts of UNOWAS contributed to the peaceful and successful conduct of the electoral process, which culminated in the swearing-in of President George Manneh Weah on 22 January 2018. |
16. 在本报告所述期间，联合国利比亚支助团(联利支助团)继续努力执行联合国利比亚行动计划，以协助完成过渡期。行动计划包括举行关于起草宪法的对话和开展全国会议进程；努力统一国家机构；讨论军事和安全问题；筹备在 2018 年底前举行选举。联利支助团还逐步增加派驻利比亚的轮调人员，同时在突尼斯维持一个办事处。 | 16. During the reporting period, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) continued to work towards the implementation of the United Nations action plan for Libya, with a view to assisting in the completion of the transition period. The action plan included a dialogue on drafting a constitution and a national conference process; efforts to unify State institutions; discussions on military and security issues; and preparations for the holding of elections before the end of 2018. UNSMIL also gradually increased its rotational presence in Libya while maintaining an office in Tunis. |
17. 2018 年 2 月 28 日，安全理事会一致通过了第 2404 (2018)号决议，将联合国几内亚比绍建设和平综合办事处(联几建和办)的任务期限延长一年，至 2019 年 2月 28 日。该决议为联几建和办确定了一系列重点突出的优先事项，并请我定期提交关于局势的报告以及对联几建和办的评估，包括可能调整联合国在该国驻留的备选办法和重新排定各项任务的优先次序。根据安理会的决议，我派出了一个技术评估团，协助联几建和办按照修订后的任务规定调整其态势，并成立了一个包容各方的变革管理小组，以确保新的态势得到迅速实施。根据修订后的任务规定，联几建和办的工作重点是支持 2018 年举行立法选举。评估认为，支持宪法审查(这是联几建和办的另一个已获授权的优先事项)方面的进展将取决于及时和成功地举行这些选举。 | 17. On 28 February 2018, the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2404 (2018) extending the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) for one year, until 28 February 2019. The resolution identified a focused set of priorities for UNIOGBIS and requested me to provide regular reports on the situation, as well as an assessment of the Mission, including options for a possible reconfiguration of the United Nations presence and the re-prioritization of tasks. Pursuant to the Council’s resolution, I deployed a technical assessment mission to assist UNIOGBIS in reorienting its posture to align with the revised mandate and established an inclusive change management team to ensure its swift implementation. In line with its revised mandate, UNIOGBIS is focusing on support to the holding of legislative elections in 2018. Assessments are that progress on support for constitutional review, which is another mandated priority of the Mission, will be contingent on the timely and successful conduct of these elections. |
18. 根据安全理事会第 2254(2015)号决议和叙利亚行动小组 2012 年 6 月的最后公报，我的叙利亚问题特使办公室于 2017 年 11 月 28 日至 12 月 14 日在日内瓦举行了第八轮政治会谈，并于 2018 年 1 月 23 日至 27 日在维也纳举行了第九轮叙利亚内部特别会谈。我的特使还根据安全理事会第 2254(2015)号决议，并在2018 年 1 月 29 日和 30 日在俄罗斯联邦索契举行的叙利亚全国对话大会最后声明的基础上，继续推动就在日内瓦成立制宪委员会问题展开讨论。作为第一步，我的特使邀请阿斯塔纳进程的担保国以及“小集团”(法国、德国、约旦、沙特阿拉伯、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国)于 2018 年 6 月在日内瓦继续开展外交努力，以促进国际行为体之间的共同立场，支持由叙利亚人主导、叙利亚人自主、联合国推动的政治进程。 | 18. The Office of my Special Envoy for Syria held the eighth round of political talks in Geneva from 28 November to 14 December 2017 and a special ninth round of intra-Syrian talks in Vienna from 23 to 27 January 2018, pursuant to Security Council resolution 2254 (2015) and the Action Group for Syria Final Communiqué of June 2012. My Special Envoy also pursued the discussion around the establishment of the constitutional committee in Geneva, consistent with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015) and building on the final statement of the Congress of the Syrian National Dialogue held in Sochi, Russian Federation, on 29 and 30 January 2018. As an initial step, my Special Envoy invited the guarantors of the Astana process as well as the “small group” (France, Germany, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America) to Geneva in June 2018 to continue diplomatic efforts to promote common ground among international players in support of a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned, United Nations-facilitated political process. |
19. 我的叙利亚问题特使办公室还继续与叙利亚妇女咨询委员会和民间社会支助室接触。在特使办公室内设有叙利亚国际支持小组停火和人道主义援助准入工作队，支持执行安全理事会第 2401(2018)号决议。特使办公室还为在阿斯塔纳举行的联合国框架之外的停火谈判提供了专门知识。 | 19. The Office of my Special Envoy for Syria also continued its engagement with the Syrian Women’s Advisory Board and the Civil Society Support Room. The Office hosted the International Syria Support Group’s task forces on a ceasefire and humanitarian access, including in support of implementing Security Council resolution 2401 (2018), and provided expertise to ceasefire talks in Astana, which were not held under the United Nations umbrella. |
20. 联合国黎巴嫩问题特别协调员办事处促进对话和国际援助，以应对 2017 年底的政治危机。随后，在黎巴嫩国际支助小组的主持下，举行了关于支持经济和安全部门及应对难民局势的三次会议，提出了改革路线图。联合国还支持 2018 年5 月举行议会选举，这是自 2009 年以来的首次此类选举。 | 20. The Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon promoted dialogue and international assistance in response to the political crisis in late 2017. Subsequently, under the auspices of the International Support Group for Lebanon, a road map for reform was advanced through three conferences in support of the economic and security sectors and the refugee situation. The United Nations further supported the conduct of parliamentary elections in May 2018, the first such polls since 2009. |
21. 我的也门问题特使办公室推动为政治进程注入了新动力。在最近冲突加剧的背景下，特使办公室于 2018 年 6 月向安全理事会提交了谈判框架要点，以帮助恢复和平谈判。特使已邀请也门各方参加 9 月 6 日在日内瓦举行的和平会谈。 | 21. The Office of my Special Envoy for Yemen promoted renewed impetus to the political process. In the context of recent intensification in the conflict, the Office presented to the Security Council in June 2018 elements of a negotiation framework that could allow for a resumption of negotiations. The Special Envoy has invited the Yemeni parties to peace talks in Geneva on 6 September. |
22. 联合国阿富汗援助团(联阿援助团)的记录显示，与 2016 年相比，平民伤亡人数减少了 9%，但此类伤亡数目仍很高，共计 10 453 人(3 438 人死亡，7 015 人受伤)。按照安全理事会第 2344(2017)号决议规定的广泛任务要求，联阿援助团支持阿富汗政府努力促进和平并执行改革议程。援助团报告人权状况，为加强经济、政治和安全合作的区域倡议提供支持，并倡导执行安全理事会关于妇女与和平与安全的第 1325(2000)号决议及其后各项决议。此外，联阿援助团和联合国开发计划署通过联合国选举支助项目，向独立选举委员会和选举投诉委员会提供技术援助，为 2018 年议会选举和地区议会选举奠定基础。 | 22. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) documented a decrease of 9 per cent in the number of civilian casualties compared with 2016, but such casualties still stood at a total of 10,453 (3,438 deaths and 7,015 injured). Pursuant to its broad mandate under Security Council resolution 2344 (2017), UNAMA supported the Government of Afghanistan in its efforts to promote peace and implement its reform agenda. The Mission reported on the human rights situation, supported regional initiatives to enhance economic, political and security cooperation, and advocated for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security and subsequent resolutions. Moreover, UNAMA and the United Nations Development Programme, through the United Nations electoral support project, provided technical assistance to the Independent Electoral Commission and the Electoral Complaints Commission to prepare the ground for the 2018 parliamentary and district council elections. |
23. 联合国伊拉克援助团(联伊援助团)和联合国国家工作队与许多其他行为体一道，推动在军事行动期间，特别是在政府从伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国(伊黎伊斯兰国)手中夺回领土的军事行动中，将人道主义关切置于核心地位。2017 年 9 月在库尔德斯坦地区和伊拉克有争议领土举行全民投票后，联伊援助团与巴格达、埃尔比勒、基尔库克和苏莱曼尼亚的主要利益攸关方进行了广泛接触。此次全民投票后来被裁定违宪并被联邦最高法院取消。援助团努力促进对话和建立信任，从而帮助防止局势进一步升级，有可能对该区域产生重大影响。在执行这一战略时，联伊援助团与安全理事会成员和其他感兴趣的会员国密切合作。联伊援助团还定期与政府官员、议员、政党代表、妇女团体、民间社会及宗教和社区领袖接触，推动包容性政治对话与民族和解，以实现统一、稳定与和平的伊拉克，特别是在2017 年 12 月战胜伊黎伊斯兰国之后。 | 23. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and the United Nations country team, together with multiple other actors, promoted the centrality of humanitarian concerns within military operations, especially during the Government’s military campaign to retake territory from Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Following the referendum in the Kurdistan region and the disputed territories in Iraq in September 2017, which was subsequently ruled unconstitutional and cancelled by the Federal Supreme Court, UNAMI engaged extensively with the main stakeholders in Baghdad, Erbil, Kirkuk and Sulaymaniyah. The Mission promoted dialogue and confidence-building, thus helping to prevent further escalation with likely serious regional implications. In implementing this strategy, UNAMI worked closely with members of the Security Council and other interested Member States. UNAMI also engaged on a regular basis with government officials, parliamentarians, representatives of political parties, women’s groups, civil society and religious and community leaders to foster inclusive political dialogue and national reconciliation towards a united, stable and peaceful Iraq, particularly after the victory over ISIL in December 2017. |
24. 在本报告所述期间，联伊援助团的一项重要工作是支持 2018 年 5 月 12 日举行议会选举，包括根据安全理事会第 2367(2017)号决议为其规定的任务，在投票之前和之后为选举管理机构提供咨询、支持和援助。在选举后阶段，联伊援助团与包括妇女和少数群体在内的许多政治领袖和行为体密切接触，倡导开展包容性的非宗派对话，并鼓励迅速组建新的国家政府。该政府应反映人民的意愿，并确保妇女在政治和决策机构的最高级别中任职。 | 24. A key aspect of the work of UNAMI during the reporting period was its support to the holding of parliamentary elections on 12 May 2018, including through the provision of advice, support and assistance to the election management bodies before and after the polls, in line with its mandate under Security Council resolution 2367 (2017). In the post-election phase, UNAMI is in close contact with numerous political leaders and actors, including women and minorities, to advocate inclusive non-sectarian dialogue and encourage the swift formation of a new national Government that will reflect the will of the people and ensure the representation of women at the highest levels in political and decision-making structures. |
25. 根据大会第 72/248 号决议，我于 2018 年 4 月任命了缅甸问题特使。特使于2018 年 6 月对缅甸进行了预备性访问。访问期间，她前往若开邦，在那里她力促为被赶出家园和逃离若开邦暴力局势的罗兴亚难民自愿、安全和有尊严地回返创造有利条件。她还呼吁落实若开邦问题咨询委员会的建议。 | 25. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 72/248, in April 2018 I appointed a Special Envoy on Myanmar. The Special Envoy undertook her introductory mission to the county in June 2018. The visit included travel to Rakhine State, where she pressed for conditions conducive to voluntary, safe and dignified returns of Rohingya refugees who had been uprooted from their homes and fled violence in Rakhine State. She also called for the implementation of the recommendations of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State. |
26. 在哥伦比亚，哥伦比亚革命武装力量－人民军(哥人民军)游击队团体放下了武器，随后转变为一个政党，即大众革命替代力量。之后，和平进程于 2017 年 9月进入了一个新阶段。安全理事会第 2366(2017)号决议授权的联合国哥伦比亚核查团于 2017 年 9 月 26 日开始执行任务，以核查前游击队成员重返社会的情况以及哥人民军和受冲突影响社区的安全保障落实情况。核查团与哥伦比亚政府、大众革命替代力量和社区密切合作，以建立和保持对和平进程的信心，并促进在其任务所涉的关键问题上取得进展。作为这些努力的一部分，核查团着力促进对前游击队成员的法律保障，使他们不受阻碍地参与政治生活，并为他们重返社会开展生产性项目。核查团还协助核查了 2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 1 月期间哥伦比亚政府与民族解放军之间的双边停火情况。 | 26. In Colombia, the peace process entered a new phase in September 2017, following the completion of the laying down of weapons and the subsequent transition of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) guerrilla group into a political party, the Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común (FARC). The United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia, authorized by the Security Council in its resolution 2366 (2017), initiated its mandate on 26 September 2017 to verify the reintegration of former guerrilla members and the implementation of security guarantees for the FARC-EP and for conflict-affected communities. The Mission worked closely with the Government of Colombia, FARC and communities to build and sustain confidence in the peace process and foster progress in key issues related to its mandate. As part of these efforts, the Mission endeavoured to promote legal guarantees, unhindered political participation and productive projects for reintegrating former guerrilla members. The Mission also contributed to the verification of the bilateral ceasefire between the Government of Colombia and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional between October 2017 and January 2018. |
27. 在本报告所述期间，希族塞人和土族塞人领导人在联合国协助下为全面解决塞浦路斯问题而进行的谈判仍处于停顿状态，双方之间的直接接触、特别是两族领导人的直接接触有限。两位领导人于 2018 年 4 月 16 日在联合国主持的非正式会议上会晤了一次。2018 年 6 月，我通知安全理事会，我打算通过一名联合国高级官员启动与双方和保证国的磋商，听取我在 2017 年 7 月塞浦路斯问题会议闭幕时呼吁进行的反思所取得的成果，并帮助确定现阶段条件是否足够成熟，可以推进开展有意义进程。与此同时，我的塞浦路斯问题特别顾问办公室继续与领导人和政党及民间社会组织等其他行为体进行双边接触。该办公室还继续协助专家工作组和技术委员会的工作。 | 27. During the reporting period, the negotiations, facilitated by the United Nations, between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot leaders to reach a comprehensive settlement to the Cyprus issue remained at a hiatus, and direct contacts between the two sides, particularly at the level of the leaders of the two communities, were limited. The two leaders met once, on 16 April 2018, at a United Nations-facilitated informal meeting. In June 2018, I informed the Security Council of my intention to launch consultations with the sides and the guarantor powers through a senior United Nations official to hear the outcomes of the reflection which I had called for at the closing of the Conference on Cyprus in July 2017, and to help determine whether conditions have matured sufficiently at this stage for a meaningful process going forward. In the meantime, the Office of my Special Adviser on Cyprus continued its engagement with the leaders and other actors such as political parties and civil society organizations bilaterally. The Office also continued to facilitate the work of expert working groups and technical committees. |
28. 参加日内瓦国际讨论的联合国代表办公室继续与欧洲安全与合作组织和欧洲联盟在日内瓦国际讨论的框架内就格鲁吉亚局势密切合作，这是一个将三个组织聚集在一起的独特框架。我呼吁重振目前在欧洲开展的调解进程，为此，日内瓦国际讨论的共同主席在 2018 年 1 月发起了与所有参加者和相关利益攸关方的磋商，以探讨如何进一步提高这一进程的效力。 | 28. The Office of the United Nations Representative to the Geneva International Discussions continued to work closely with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the European Union on the situation in Georgia within the Geneva International Discussions, a unique framework that brings together the three organizations. In January 2018, following my call to revitalize ongoing mediation processes in Europe, the Co-chairs of the Geneva International Discussions launched consultations with all participants and relevant stakeholders to explore ways to further enhance the effectiveness of the process. |
29. 关于各类制裁监测组及其他实体和机制的工作，在本报告所述期间，安全理事会通过了关于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的三项决议(第 2371(2017)、2375(2017)和 2397(2017)号)，扩大了现有制裁措施的范围；对某些经济活动实行了新的限制，包括对货物、设备和机械、矿物和船只实行新的部门禁令；授权朝鲜民主主义人民共和国问题专家小组监测这些措施的遵守情况。此外，指示安全理事会第1718(2006)号决议所设委员会秘书监测会员国遵守关于精炼石油产品的限制性规定的情况。 | 29. Turning to the work of the sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels and other entities and mechanisms, during the reporting period the Security Council adopted three resolutions (2371 (2017), 2375 (2017) and 2397 (2017)) concerning the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, which expanded the scope of existing sanctions measures; introduced new restrictions on certain economic activities, including new sectoral bans on goods, equipment and machinery, minerals and vessels; and mandated the Panel of Experts on the Democratic People ’s Republic of Korea to monitor compliance with those measures. In addition, the Secretary of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006) was directed to monitor compliance by Member States with the restrictions concerning refined petroleum products. |
30. 关于利比亚问题专家小组，我于 2018 年 5 月 11 日向安全理事会报告了经第2357(2017)号决议延长的安全理事会第 2292(2016)号决议的执行情况，该决议授权会员国在利比亚沿岸的公海上检查出入利比亚的船只，以确保严格执行武器禁运(S/2018/451)。我还向安全理事会提交了关于第 2231(2015)号决议执行情况的两份报告(S/2017/1030 和 S/2018/602)。 | 30. With reference to the Panel of Experts on Libya, I reported to the Security Council on 11 May 2018 on the implementation of Security Council resolution 2292 (2016), as extended by resolution 2357 (2017), which authorized Member States to inspect, on the high seas off the coast of Libya, vessels bound for or from Libya, to ensure the strict implementation of the arms embargo (S/2018/451). I also submitted two reports to the Security Council (S/2017/1030 and S/2018/602) on the implementation of resolution 2231 (2015). |
31. 2017 年 9 月 5 日，安全理事会通过了第 2374(2017)号决议，规定对阻碍执行2015 年《马里和平与和解协议》的个人和实体实施定向制裁，即资产冻结和旅行禁令。安理会设立了一个委员会来监测这些措施的执行情况，并请我成立一个由最多五名专家组成的小组，最初为期 13 个月。2017 年 12 月 12 日，我任命了一个由四名专家组成的马里问题专家小组(S/2017/1047)，组成了一个新的特别政治任务。 | 31. On 5 September 2017, the Security Council adopted resolution 2374 (2017), which imposed targeted sanctions, namely an assets freeze and a travel ban, on individuals and entities hindering the implementation of the 2015 Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali. The Council established a committee to monitor the implementation of these measures and requested me to create, for an initial period of 13 months, a group of up to five experts. I appointed a Panel of Experts on Mali comprising four experts on 12 December 2017 (S/2017/1047), constituting a new special political mission. |
32. 另外，关于对中非共和国的制裁制度，安全理事会于 2018 年 1 月 30 日通过了第 2399 (2018)号决议，扩大了制裁指认标准，纳入了袭击人道主义人员行为和破坏中非共和国和平、稳定和安全的煽动暴力行为，特别是基于族裔或宗教的煽动暴力行为。安理会还要求秘书处根据我 2017 年 7 月 10 日的信(S/2017/597)中所述的备选方案 3，提供评估武器禁运措施的基准。为此，秘书处于 2018 年 6 月对中非共和国进行了评估访问，我在 2018 年 7 月 31 日的信(S/2018/752)中介绍了评估结果。 | 32. Separately, with regard to the sanctions regime in the Central African Republic, the Security Council adopted resolution 2399 (2018) on 30 January 2018, which broadened the sanctions designation criteria to cover attacks against humanitarian personnel and acts of incitement to violence, particularly on an ethnic or religious basis, that undermine the peace, stability or security of the Central African Republic. The Council also requested the Secretariat to provide benchmarks to assess the arms embargo measures based on option 3 in my letter dated 10 July 2017 (S/2017/597). In that connection, the Secretariat undertook an assessment visit to the Central African Republic in June 2018; its findings are reflected in my letter dated 31 July 2018 (S/2018/752). |
33. 2017 年 8 月 23 日，我向安全理事会提交了关于几内亚比绍在实现稳定和恢复宪法秩序方面所取得进展的第三次报告(S/2017/715)。我重申了上一次报告(S/2016/720)中的建议，即继续实施制裁制度并设立一个专家小组，以支持安全理事会关于几内亚比绍的第 2048(2012)号决议所设委员会的工作。随后，安理会通过了第 2404(2018)号决议，要求我就这一问题提交另一份报告。为此，秘书处政治事务部与联几建和办合作，在 6 月至 7 月进行了评估，评估结果将反映在我2018 年 8 月提交安理会的第四次报告中。 | 33. On 23 August 2017, I submitted my third report (S/2017/715) to the Security Council on the progress made by Guinea-Bissau regarding the stabilization and restoration of constitutional order. I reiterated the recommendations in my previous report (S/2016/720) to continue the sanctions regime and establish a panel of experts to support the work of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 2048 (2012) concerning Guinea-Bissau. Subsequently, the Council adopted resolution 2404 (2018), in which it requested me to provide another report on this matter. Accordingly, the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, in cooperation with UNIOGBIS, undertook an assessment between June and July, the results of which will be reflected in my fourth report to the Council to be submitted in August 2018. |
34. 9 月 21 日，安全理事会通过了第 2379(2017)号决议，请秘书长设立一个由一名特别顾问领导的调查小组，以支持伊拉克国内依法惩治伊黎伊斯兰国(达伊沙)的努力，调查小组将为此在伊拉克收集、保存和储存关于伊黎伊斯兰国(达伊沙)在伊拉克境内犯下的可能构成战争罪、危害人类罪和灭绝种族罪的行为证据。5月 31 日，我任命了一名特别顾问来领导调查小组。 | 34. On 21 September, the Security Council adopted resolution 2379 (2017), requesting the Secretary-General to establish an Investigative Team, headed by a Special Adviser, to support domestic efforts to hold ISIL (Da’esh) accountable by collecting, preserving and storing evidence in Iraq of acts that may amount to war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed by the terrorist group ISIL (Da’esh) in Iraq. On 31 May, I appointed a Special Adviser to head the Investigative Team. |
三. 与会员国的互动对话 | III. Interactive dialogue with Member States |
35. 大会在其第 72/89 号决议中要求我就特别政治任务方面的总体政策事项定期举行包容各方的互动对话，还要求秘书处在上述对话举行前与会员国接触，以确保广泛和有意义的参与。 | 35. In its resolution 72/89, the General Assembly requested me to hold a regular, inclusive and interactive dialogue on the overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions, and further requested the Secretariat to reach out to Member States prior to the holding of such a dialogue to ensure wide and meaningful participation. |
36. 在协商后，政治事务部于 2018 年 7 月 9 日组织了关于特别政治任务的第五次年度互动对话。经与第四委员会主席团协商，将对话主题确定为预防冲突。 | 36. Following consultations, the Department of Political Affairs organized the fifth annual interactive dialogue on special political missions on 9 July 2018. Following consultations with the Bureau of the Fourth Committee, it was decided that the theme of the dialogue would be conflict prevention. |
37. 主管政治事务副秘书长在开幕词中强调了特别政治任务在预防冲突方面发挥的关键作用，并指出特别政治任务的广度、灵活性和敏捷性使其成为这一领域的重要工具。她强调了对确保特别政治任务取得成功，尤其是其预防冲突努力取得成功至关重要的四个政策问题：特别政治任务与其他行为体，特别是区域组织的伙伴关系；特别政治任务在联合国应对冲突所涉区域层面问题方面所发挥的平台作用；特别政治任务对加强预防冲突活动的地方自主权的贡献；最后，特别政治任务与联合国其他机制和工具密切合作，创建更广泛有利环境的重要性。她表示相信，正在进行的改革和加强联合国系统的工作，特别是和平与安全架构的重组，将支持特别政治任务更好地完成任务，同时也将建设和平更紧密地纳入其工作。 | 37. In her opening remarks, the Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs highlighted the critical role played by special political missions in conflict prevention, noting that their breadth, flexibility and nimbleness made them important tools in that area. She emphasized four policy issues that were critical to ensuring the success of special political missions, notably in their conflict prevention efforts: partnerships with other actors, particularly regional organizations; their role as a platform for the United Nations to address the regional dimensions of conflict; their contribution to strengthening local ownership of conflict prevention activities; and finally, the importance of a broader enabling environment, with close collaboration between the special political missions and other United Nations mechanisms and tools. She expressed her confidence that the ongoing reform and strengthening of the United Nations system, particularly the restructuring of the peace and security architecture, would support special political missions in better delivering on their mandates, while also integrating peacebuilding more closely into their work. |
38. 主管外勤支助事务副秘书长在发言中重点强调了外勤部目前为特别政治任务提供的支助，包括在为外地制定和提供解决方案时必须应对的支助方面独特的复杂性。他简要介绍了外勤部为改善供应链管理、加强环境管理、推动技术和创新、加强打击不当行为的措施以及支持面向外地的业务流程改革所作的努力。他还重申，他深信对秘书处管理以及和平与安全架构实施改革，将使本组织及其特别政治任务能够更好地完成任务。 | 38. In his remarks, the Under-Secretary-General for Field Support highlighted the ongoing support provided by his Department to special political missions, including the unique complexities in backstopping that had to be addressed while developing and delivering solutions for the field. He briefed on the Department’s efforts to improve supply chain management, strengthen environmental management, foster technology and innovation, enhance measures to combat misconduct, and support field-oriented reform of business processes. He also reiterated his conviction that implementation of reforms, in both the management of the Secretariat and the peace and security architecture, would enable the Organization and its special p olitical missions to better fulfil their mandates. |
39. 在随后的互动交流中，17 个会员国发言并提出了与特别政治任务相关的问题。一些发言者强调了特别政治任务在预防冲突方面的重要性，特别是在采用综合的整体办法执行任务时所发挥的重要作用。几位发言者指出了特别政治任务的工作与更广泛的联合国议程，例如《2030 年可持续发展议程》各项要素之间的关系。许多发言者强调指出，必须确保地方拥有自主权以及与会员国密切开展协作，以保证特别政治任务在预防冲突和创建可持续和平的努力中有效执行任务。几个会员国重申了区域组织，特别是非洲联盟发挥的关键作用，并促请联合国加强对这些伙伴的支持和与它们的互动协作。 | 39. During the subsequent interactive exchange, 17 Member States took the floor to raise issues of relevance for special political missions. A number of speakers emphasized the importance of special political missions in preventing conflict, particularly through taking integrated and holistic approaches to their mandates. Several speakers noted the relationship between the work of the special political missions and elements of the broader United Nations agenda, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Many speakers stressed the importance of ensuring local ownership and close collaboration with Member States to ensure that special political missions delivered effectively in their efforts to prevent conflict and create sustainable peace. Several Member States reiterated the critical role played by regional organizations, in particular the African Union, and called on the United Nations to strengthen its support of and engagement with these partners. |
40. 会员国还强调指出，特别政治任务需要进行广泛参与并优先采取包容性办法，特别是在确保性别平等视角方面。与会者强调了妇女参政和切实参与对话和建立和平的重要性，并强调有必要积极地让青年参与。代表们为实现这些目标提出了具体的政策建议，例如开展性别平等评估和确定各任务的青年事务协调人。几个会员国还介绍了它们做为特别政治任务东道国的经验，并就特别政治任务如何改进其实地工作、更好地向会员国宣传其工作以及秘书处提供支持方面的作用提出了意见。 | 40. Member States further stressed the need for special political missions to engage broadly and to prioritize inclusive approaches, particularly with regard to ensuring a gender perspective. The importance of women’s political participation and their meaningful involvement in dialogue and peacemaking was highlighted, as was the need to actively engage young people. Delegates put forward concrete policy suggestions to achieve these goals, such as gender assessments and identifying youth focal points in each mission. Several Member States also spoke of their experiences in hosting special political missions and provided reflections on how to improve their work on the ground, better communicate their work to Member States and the role of the Secretariat in supporting them. |
41. 许多会员国强调，正在进行的联合国改革和结构调整进程将提高特别政治任务的成效，增进对其工作的了解，并重申它们支持改革努力。特别是，将在今后的政治和建设和平事务部与和平行动部之间建立的联合区域支柱将确保总部更好地支持特别政治任务，包括更好地支持其预防冲突努力。最后，几个会员国继续对特别政治任务面对的筹资挑战表示关切，并建议继续讨论这一问题。 | 41. Many Member States emphasized that the ongoing process of United Nations reform and restructuring would improve the effectiveness of special political missions and better understanding around their work and reiterated their support for the reform efforts. In particular, the joint regional pillar to be created between the future Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs and Department of Peace Operations would ensure better support to special political missions from Headquarters, including in their conflict prevention efforts. Finally, several Member States continued to express concern over the funding challenges faced by special political missions and suggested that this issue be kept under discussion. |
四. 与特别政治任务相关的重要政策事项 | IV. Key policy issues pertaining to special political missions |
预防冲突和保持和平 | Conflict prevention and sustaining peace |
42. 自就职以来，我认识到危机的人力和财政代价已令人无法继续承受，因此强调我致力于把预防置于联合国工作的核心。我特别强调了整个系统采取协调一致的综合办法支持预防工作的重要性。我还强调，防止社会陷入危机的最好办法是确保社会具有复原力，并为此投资于包容性的可持续发展，包括协调一致的气候行动和大规模移民管理。2018 年初发布的题为“和平之路：预防暴力冲突的包容之道”的联合国-世界银行联合研究报告，以实证研究的方式证明，此种预防行之有效、可拯救生命且成本效益高，每年可节省 50 亿至 700 亿美元的应对冲突费用。 | 42. Since taking office and aware that the human and financial costs of crisis have become unsustainable, I have stressed my commitment to place prevention at the core of the work of the United Nations. I have, in particular, highlighted the importance of taking a holistic, coherent and coordinated approach across the entire system in support of prevention. I have also highlighted that the best way to prevent societies from descending into crisis is to ensure they are resilient through investment in inclusive and sustainable development, including concerted climate action and management of mass migration. The joint United Nations-World Bank study entitled Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict, published in early 2018, demonstrated with empirical research that such prevention works, saves lives and is cost-effective, saving between $5 billion and $70 billion annually on responding to conflicts. |
43. 2018 年 1 月，作为大会和安全理事会通过的关于建设和平架构审查的同文决议(分别为第 70/262 号决议和第 2282(2016)号决议)的后续行动，我提交了关于建设和平和保持和平的报告(A/72/707-S/2018/43)。报告强调，妇女切实参与和平与预防工作可以提高建设和平的成效，加强性别平等、和平与复原力之间的直接关系。在 2018 年 4 月 24 日至 26 日举行的关于建设和平与保持和平的大会高级别会议上，会员国进一步重申支持采取全面预防办法，并在大会和安理会通过了两项平行决议(分别为第 72/276 和 2413(2018)号决议)。在这些决议以及后续讨论中，会员国再次承诺支持联合国为预防冲突爆发、升级、持续存在和再度发生所做的工作。这些承诺加强了联合国在整个冲突周期使用包括特别政治任务在内的一系列工具开展工作的重要性。在这方面，会员国认识到特别政治任务作为维持国际和平与安全的灵活工具所发挥的重要作用，包括促进全面建设和平和保持和平(第 72/89 号决议)。 | 43. In January 2018, I submitted my report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace (A/72/707-S/2018/43) in follow-up to the twin resolutions on the review of the peacebuilding architecture adopted by the General Assembly (70/262) and the Security Council (2282 (2016)). The report emphasizes that the meaningful participation of women in peace and prevention efforts strengthens the effectiveness of peacebuilding and the direct relation between gender equality, peace and resilience. At the Assembly high-level meeting on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, held from 24 to 26 April 2018, Member States further reiterated their support for a comprehensive approach to prevention and adopted two parallel resolutions in the Assembly and the Council (72/276 and 2413 (2018) respectively). In these resolutions and their continuing discussions, Member States have reiterated their commitment to supporting the work of the United Nations to prevent the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict. These commitments have reinforced the importance of the United Nations working along the conflict cycle and employing an array of tools, including special political missions. In this context, Member States have recognized the important role of the special political mission as a flexible tool for the maintenance of international peace and security, including through contributing to a comprehensive approach to peacebuilding and sustaining peace (resolution 72/89). |
区域伙伴关系和区域政治办事处的工作 | Regional partnerships and the work of the regional political offices |
44. 强有力和可持续的伙伴关系，特别是与区域和次区域组织的伙伴关系，对于确保特别政治任务的成功至关重要。如上文关于主要业务发展情况的第二节所述，特别政治任务开展的大部分工作是支持区域伙伴并与其密切协作开展的。 | 44. Robust and sustainable partnerships, particularly with regional and subregional organizations, are fundamental to ensuring the success of special political missions. As illustrated in section II above on key operational developments, much of the work undertaken by special political missions is in close collaboration with and in support of regional partners. |
45. 三个区域政治办事处在就共同关心的一系列和平与安全问题与合作伙伴建立更密切的工作关系方面发挥着尤为重要的作用。西萨办继续与区域和国际伙伴协作，支持旨在预防冲突和保持该区域和平的努力，包括为此促进和支持包容各方的全国政治对话及和平选举进程。2017 年 7 月 25 日和 26 日，西萨办在科纳克里举办了一次讲习班，以总结西非以往选举的经验教训，并确定今后选举进程的优先事项。来自该区域的选举管理机构和其他利益攸关方的 50 多名代表就如何提高选举进程的质量交换了意见。与会者强调，必须开展包容各方的政治对话，促进发展可信的选举管理机构，并编制可靠的民事登记册，以便定期更新选民名册。 | 45. The three regional political offices play a particularly important role in forging closer working relations with partners across a range of peace and security issues of common interest. UNOWAS continued to support efforts aimed at preventing conflict and sustaining peace in the region in collaboration with regional and international partners, including by promoting and supporting inclusive national political dialogues and peaceful electoral processes. On 25 and 26 July 2017, UNOWAS conducted a workshop in Conakry to identify lessons learned from previous elections in West Africa and to identify priorities for electoral processes going forward. More than 50 representatives of electoral management bodies and other stakeholders from the region exchanged views on how to enhance the quality of electoral processes. Participants emphasized the need for inclusive political dialogue, the promotion of credible electoral management bodies and the establishment of reliable civil registries to permit the regular updating of electoral registers. |
46. 2018 年 3 月 26 日和 27 日，西萨办在科特迪瓦阿比让组织了一次主题为“西非政治改革的挑战和前景”的专题讨论会，来自领导政治改革工作的国家机构的大约 70 名代表参加了讨论会。专题讨论会的一项成果是创建了西非和萨赫勒政治改革平台，秘书处将设在西萨办。西萨办还为西非国家经济共同体(西非经共体)委员会制定关于季节性转移放牧的区域行动计划提供了支持，并设立了一个畜牧业和预防冲突问题非正式工作组，参与方包括就此问题开展工作的联合国实体和区域实体。 | 46. On 26 and 27 March 2018, UNOWAS organized a colloquium in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, on the theme “Challenges and prospects of political reforms in West Africa”, attended by approximately 70 representatives of national institutions spearheading political reforms. The colloquium resulted in the creation of a platform for political reforms in West Africa and the Sahel, the secretariat of which will be hosted by UNOWAS. UNOWAS also supported the Commission of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in the development of a regional action plan on transhumance and established an informal working group on pastoralism and conflict prevention with the participation of the United Nations and regional entities working on this issue. |
47. 在本报告所述期间，联合国中部非洲区域办事处(中部非洲区域办)和中部非洲国家经济共同体(中非经共体)加强了预防冲突和预警方面的合作，包括为此对该区域各国开展更多联合分析和访问并传播共同信息。2018 年 3 月 15 日至 18日，负责中部非洲问题秘书长特别代表兼中部非洲区域办负责人与中非经共体秘书长对中非共和国进行了联合访问，重申两个组织支持非洲和平与和解倡议。中部非洲区域办与联合国教育、科学及文化组织、法语国家国际组织和中非经共体合作，于 2017 年 11 月 30 日至 12 月 2 日在利伯维尔组织了一次有关激进化问题的青年论坛，目的是就此问题建立一个有针对性的预警系统。2018 年 5 月 24 日，在中非经共体和中部非洲区域办在布拉柴维尔联合举办的讲习班上，与会者确认了有关在中部非洲执行安全理事会关于妇女与和平与安全的第1325(2000)号决议的区域行动计划。中部非洲区域办和西萨办与中非经共体一道，于 2018 年 4 月11 日和 12 日协助举办了一次有关预防冲突和畜牧业的经验交流会。中部非洲区域办和西萨办的负责人都出席了 2018 年 7 月 30 日在洛美举行的关于和平、安全、稳定和打击恐怖主义和暴力极端主义的西非经共体和中非经共体国家元首和政府首脑联合首脑会议。中部非洲区域办还与非洲联盟合作，继续协调开展各项努力，应对上帝抵抗军(上帝军)构成的威胁，包括举行协调会议和向受上帝军影响的国家派出联合访问团。 | 47. During the reporting period, the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA) and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) strengthened cooperation in conflict prevention and early warning, including by conducting more joint analysis and visits to countries in the region and by promoting common messaging. From 15 to 18 March 2018, my Special Representative for Central Africa and Head of UNOCA and the Secretary-General of ECCAS undertook a joint mission to the Central African Republic to reiterate the support of both organizations to the African Initiative for Peace and Reconciliation. UNOCA organized a youth forum on radicalization from 30 November to 2 December 2017 in Libreville, in cooperation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Organization of la Francophonie and ECCAS, with a view to creating a targeted early warning system on this issue. On 24 May 2018, following a workshop co-organized by ECCAS and UNOCA in Brazzaville, participants validated the regional action plan for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security in Central Africa. UNOCA and UNOWAS, together with ECCAS, facilitated an experience - sharing session on conflict prevention and pastoralism on 11 and 12 April 2018. The Heads of UNOCA and UNOWAS both attended the joint summit of ECOWAS and ECCAS Heads of State and Government on peace, security, stability and the fight against terrorism and violent extremism, which was held on 30 July 2018 in Lomé. UNOCA has also partnered with the African Union and continued to coordinate efforts to address the threat posed by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), including through coordination meetings and joint missions to LRA-affected countries. |
48. 联合国中亚地区预防外交中心一直致力于支持 2017 年在中亚地区出现的积极动态发展，包括支持中亚各国为找到应对跨境威胁和挑战的区域解决办法作出努力。 | 48. The United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia has been working to encourage the positive dynamics that emerged in the Central Asian region in 2017, including by supporting Central Asian countries in their efforts to arrive at regional solutions to cross-border threats and challenges. |
49. 2018 年 4 月，联合国中亚地区预防外交中心和秘书处反恐怖主义办公室启动了其在中亚执行《联合国全球反恐战略》的联合项目第三阶段，这是第一个此类区域办法。第三阶段的目标是在促进国家自主权的同时开展区域合作。中亚预防外交中心还支持关于共享水和能源资源以及环境退化问题的区域对话，并与拯救咸海国际基金会保持密切合作。中亚预防外交中心采取的办法优先考虑建设国家预防能力，包括水外交方面的能力，并优先考虑与一系列联合国实体以及国际和区域组织建立伙伴关系。鉴于中亚国家日益重视与阿富汗这一重要伙伴开展互动，尤其是经济发展和贸易领域的互动，中亚预防外交中心与联阿援助团密切合作，支持加强该区域各国之间的关系。 | 49. In April 2018, the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia and the Office of Counter-Terrorism of the Secretariat launched the third phase of their joint project for implementing the United Nations Global Counter- Terrorism Strategy in Central Asia, the first regional approach of this kind. The aim of this phase is to pursue regional cooperation while fostering national ownership. The Regional Centre also supports regional dialogue on shared water and energy resources and environmental degradation and maintains close cooperation with the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. In its approach, the Regional Centre prioritizes building national capacities for prevention, including on water diplomacy, and building partnerships with a range of United Nations entities, as well as international and regional organizations. As Central Asian countries increasingly prioritize engagement with Afghanistan as an important partner, particularly with regard to economic development and trade, the Regional Centre, working closely with UNAMA, has been supporting the strengthening of relationships between countries in the region. |
50. 在本报告所述期间，深化联合国与非洲联盟在预防冲突、调解、维持和平和建设和平以及发展方面伙伴关系的工作取得了重大进展。联合国驻非洲联盟办事处继续与非洲联盟密切合作，以加强协作和行动统一。安全理事会和非洲联盟和平与安全理事会在加强非洲和平与安全问题协作方面取得了进展，分别于 2017年 9 月 8 日在亚的斯亚贝巴和 2018 年 7 月 19 日在纽约举行了第十一次和第十二次联合协商会议。我欢迎安理会和非盟和安会表示确认两组织之间战略伙伴关系的重要性。 | 50. During the reporting period, significant progress was achieved in deepening the partnership between the United Nations and the African Union on conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping and peacebuilding, as well as development. The United Nations Office to the African Union continued to work closely with the African Union to strengthen collaboration and unity of action. The Security Council and the Peace and Security Council of the African Union made progress in enhancing collaboration on peace and security issues in Africa, holding their eleventh and twelfth joint consultative meetings on 8 September 2017 in Addis Ababa and on 19 July 2018 in New York, respectively. I welcomed the recognition, expressed by both councils, of the importance of the strategic partnership between the two organizations. |
51. 鉴于联合国与非洲联盟之间相辅相成的伙伴关系得到加强，为进一步加快执行非洲可持续发展议程，我与非洲联盟委员会主席于 2018 年 1 月签署了《非洲联盟-联合国<2063 年议程>和<2030 年可持续发展议程>执行框架》。在此之前，2017 年 4 月签署了联合国-非洲联盟加强和平与安全伙伴关系联合框架。这些框架将为加强我们两个组织工作的合作、协调和主流化提供指导。 | 51. In keeping with the enhanced and mutually reinforcing partnership between the United Nations and the African Union, and to further accelerate the implementation of the sustainable development agenda for Africa, in January 2018 I signed, with the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, the African Union-United Nations Framework for the Implementation of Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This follows the Joint United Nations-African Union Framework for Enhanced Partnership in Peace and Security, which was signed in April 2017. These frameworks will guide stronger cooperation, coordination and mainstreaming in the work of our organizations. |
52. 非洲联盟成员国还向为非洲联盟主导的和平支助行动提供财政支持的和平基金提供了大量捐款，并为该机制投入运作采取了措施，通过了《关于加强和平基金治理和管理架构的文书》。自 2016 年以来，联合国秘书处和非洲联盟委员会加强了有关为安全理事会授权的非洲和平支助行动建立可持续、可预测的灵活供资机制的努力。根据安理会第 2320(2016)号决议，我在 S/2017/454 号文件所载报告中提出了供资备选方案，随后非洲联盟委员会主席 2017 年 5 月 30 日的报告赞同了这些备选方案，认为方案是就此问题取得进展的可行基础。根据安全理事会第 2378(2017)号决议开展的优先领域工作也继续进行，安理会在该决议中表示打算进一步考虑可采取哪些实际步骤和在哪些必要条件下，根据个案情况由联合国摊款为非洲联盟主导的和平支助行动提供部分经费。 | 52. African Union member States also made substantial contributions to the Peace Fund, which provides financial support to African Union-led peace support operations, and took steps towards the operationalization of the mechanism with the adoption of the instrument relating to the enhanced governance and management structure of the Peace Fund. Since 2016, the Secretariat of the United Nations and the African Union Commission have strengthened their efforts towards sustainable, predictable and flexible funding mechanisms for African peace support operations authorized by the Security Council. Further to Council resolution 2320 (2016), I proposed funding options in my report contained in document S/2017/454, which were subsequently echoed in a report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission on 30 May 2017 as a viable basis for progress on this issue. Work on priority areas also continues under Security Council resolution 2378 (2017), which expressed the Council’s intention to further consider practical steps and conditions necessary to partly finance African Union-led peace support operations through assessed contributions, on a case-by-case basis. |
53. 我坚决致力于根据《联合国宪章》第八章，加强本组织与区域组织和其他组织在维护国际和平与安全方面的伙伴关系。为此，我于 2018 年 6 月 12 日和 13日在纽约召集举行了与区域组织和其他组织的高级别互动对话。活跃在国际和平与安全领域的 19 个区域组织和其他组织的高级代表参加了此次对话。参与者从预防角度就与和平和安全有关的全球挑战进行了坦诚和富有成果的交流。我们确定了加强合作与协调，尤其是外地合作与协调的具体行动。 | 53. I am strongly committed to strengthening the Organization’s partnerships with regional and other organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. To this end, I convened a high-level interactive dialogue with regional and other organizations in New York on 12 and 13 June 2018. High-level representatives from 19 regional and other organizations active in the area of international peace and security participated. Participants had a frank and productive exchange of views on global challenges related to peace and security from the prevention perspective. We identified concrete actions to reinforce our cooperation and coordination, particularly in the field. |
确保采取包容性办法实现和平 | Ensuring an inclusive approach to peace |
54. 联合国对建设和平、建立和平和保持和平采取广泛的包容性办法。在本报告所述期间，特别政治任务继续将这一办法纳入其各项工作的主流，特别是优先考虑与那些在决策、建立和平、建设和平或解决冲突的努力中原本可能会被边缘化或被排除在外的行为体开展互动并使其参与这些努力。 | 54. The United Nations takes a broad and inclusive approach to peacebuilding, peacemaking and sustaining peace. During the reporting period, special political missions continued to mainstream this approach in all their efforts, particularly in terms of prioritizing engagement and inclusion of actors who might otherwise be marginalized or excluded from decision-making, peacemaking, peacebuilding or conflict-resolution efforts. |
55. 联索援助团于2017年12月为联邦议会的18名女议员举办了一次工作会议，这是联索援助团与妇女署和联合国国家工作队共同努力加强女议员能力工作的部分内容。索马里妇女核心小组当选行政人员参加了此次工作会议，会议为女议员提供了公开讨论各种问题的机会，包括讨论她们作为立法者和增强妇女政治权能倡导者的作用。与会者确定了一系列优先领域，其中包括和解、2020 年的一人一票普选、宪法审查和进一步加强能力建设。 | 55. UNSOM conducted a working session in December 2017 for 18 women members of the Federal Parliament as part of its joint efforts with UN-Women and the United Nations country team to strengthen the capacities of women parliamentarians. The working sessions included the elected executives of the Somali women’s caucus and provided an opportunity for open discussions among members of parliament on various issues, including their role as legislators and advocates of women’s political empowerment. Participants identified a set of priority areas, including reconciliation, one-person-one-vote universal elections in 2020, constitutional review and further capacity-building. |
56. 由哥伦比亚政府、哥人民军和联合国哥伦比亚核查团代表组成的性别平等问题工作组继续将性别平等考虑纳入核查哥伦比亚政府与哥人民军签署的和平协定各项内容的主流。工作组由三方成员指定的性别平等问题协调人组成，成员还提名了区域和地方两级的性别平等问题协调人。各方认为三方性别平等小组是最佳做法，使其能够围绕性别平等相关问题和妇女在和平进程中的作用，包括前女战斗人员的具体需求加强工作和对话。 | 56. The gender working group composed of representatives of the Government of Colombia, FARC-EP and the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia has continued to mainstream gender considerations in the verification of aspects of the peace agreement between the Government of Colombia and FARC-EP. The working group consists of gender focal points designated by the three members, which also nominated gender focal points at the regional and local levels. This tripartite gender group has been referred to by the parties as a best practice that allowed them to reinforce their work and dialogue around gender-related issues and the role of women in the peace process, including the specific needs of women ex-combatants. |
57. 2017 年，在联几建和办的主持下，由妇女领导的民间社会团体和伞式组织的50 多名代表聚集一堂，成立了一个包容各方的几内亚比绍和平问题妇女论坛。论坛旨在帮助结束政治僵局，鼓励恢复总统与多数党和反对党的对话。论坛指定 10名有影响力的妇女协助为各政治行为体和各政党之间的对话开辟空间；论坛于2017 年 8 月向共和国总统、《关于执行西非国家经济共同体解决几内亚比绍政治危机路线图的科纳克里协定》的签署方以及国际利益攸关方提交了一份工作报告。这一协助进程有助于缓和该国的紧张局势，并防止可能卷土重来的暴力。论坛还推动国家机构与冲突各方之间建立沟通渠道，事实证明这对 2018 年 4 月任命新总理起到了促进作用。 | 57. In 2017, more than 50 representatives of women-led civil society groups and umbrella organizations came together under the auspices of UNIOGBIS to form an inclusive women’s forum for peace in Guinea-Bissau. The forum aims to help end the political impasse and encourage a resumption of dialogue between the President and the majority and opposition parties. It appointed 10 influential women to assist in opening space for dialogue among political actors and parties; it presented a report of their work to the President of the Republic, the signatories of the Conakry Agreement on the Implementation of the Economic Community of West African States Road Map for the Resolution of the Political Crisis in Guinea-Bissau and international stakeholders in August 2017. This facilitation process helped to reduce tensions in the country and forestall a possible return to violence. The forum also facilitated the establishment of a communication channel between State institutions and the parties to the conflict, which proved instrumental in the appointment of a new Prime Minister in April 2018. |
58. 我的叙利亚问题特使建立的叙利亚妇女咨询委员会继续努力确保在整个政治进程中考虑性别平等观点。自 2017 年以来，我的特使办公室一直系统跟踪参加叙利亚内部会谈的代表团中的妇女人数及其发挥的实质性作用、会谈中的性别平等动态以及如何推进妇女与和平与安全议程的落实。特使还表示打算在根据安全理事会第 2254(2015)号决议、将由联合国主持在日内瓦设立的制宪委员会中为妇女保留 30%的席位。 | 58. The Syrian Women’s Advisory Board to my Special Envoy for Syria has continued to work to ensure that gender perspectives are considered throughout the political process. Since 2017, the Office of my Special Envoy has been systematically tracking the number of women in the delegations participating in the intra -Syrian talks and their substantive roles, the gender dynamics in the talks and how implementation of the women and peace and security agenda is advanced. The Special Envoy has also expressed his intention to reserve for women 30 per cent of the seats on a constitutional committee to be formed under United Nations auspices in Geneva in line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015). |
59. 联合国还认识到，正如安全理事会关于青年与和平与安全的第 2250(2015)和2419(2018)号决议所肯定的那样，青年在维护和促进国际和平与安全方面发挥重要和积极的作用。特别政治任务继续在其各方面工作中积极与青年和年轻人互动，包括在调解、和平与和解进程以及更广泛的政治参与方面。例如，联索援助团与地方、区域和国际行为体合作，确保青年人参与国家和平进程。我重申，总体而言，联合国建立和保持和平的更广泛努力缺乏青年的参与。我将继续强调确保青年充分和积极地参与联合国工作的必要性。 | 59. The United Nations also recognizes the important and positive role that young people play in the maintenance and promotion of international peace and security, as acknowledged by the Security Council in resolutions 2250 (2015) and 2419 (2018) on youth and peace and security. Special political missions continue to engage actively with youth and young people in different aspects of their work, including in mediation, peace and reconciliation processes, and political participation more broadly. For instance, UNSOM has worked with various local, regional and international actors to ensure the participation of young people in national peace processes. Overall, I have reiterated that young people are a missing piece in the United Nations broader efforts to make and sustain peace. I will continue to emphasize the need to ensure their full and active engagement in the work of the United Nations. |
安全和安保 | Safety and security |
60. 许多特别政治任务承担着以复杂的和平进程为中心的各项任务，在极为动荡和充满挑战的安全环境中运作。有时，这些环境呈现出持续高强度军事冲突、叛乱、社会动荡或恐怖主义活动的特点。 | 60. Many special political missions, in bearing mandates centred around complex peace processes, operate in highly volatile and challenging security environments. In some cases, these environments are characterized by ongoing and high-intensity military conflicts, insurgency, social unrest or terrorist activity. |
61. 在阿富汗、伊拉克、利比亚、索马里、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国或也门等任务环境中驻扎、运作或部署的联合国人员面临着成为间接受害者或直接目标的巨大风险。这些情况对本组织驻留和执行任务的能力构成直接挑战，因此必须将其纳入特别政治任务的总体态势考虑，需要予以持续关注并采取积极主动措施。虽然联 | 61. United Nations personnel who are based, operate or deployed in mission environments such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, the Syrian Arab Republic or Yemen face a considerable risk of becoming collateral victims, or being directly targeted. These circumstances directly challenge the Organization’s ability to stay and deliver on its mandates and must therefore be factored into the overall posture of special political missions, requiring continuous attention and proactive measures. |
特别政治任务的总体态势考虑，需要予以持续关注并采取积极主动措施。虽然联合国主要依靠东道国政府来保障任务人员的安全，但政府在某些情况下没有充足能力来提供安保服务。政治事务部和特别政治任务的领导不断与秘书处安全和安保部接触，审查风险管理战略，以便进行调整并尽量减轻对所有任务，包括支持安全理事会委员会的专家小组或专家组的任务执行可能造成的任何影响。 | While the United Nations relies primarily on host Governments to guarantee the security of mission personnel, in some contexts they have insufficient capacity to deliver security services. The Department of Political Affairs and the leadership of special political missions engage continuously with the Department of Safety and Security of the Secretariat to review risk management strategies so as to adapt and minimize any possible impact on mandate delivery for all missions, including panels or groups of experts supporting Security Council committees. |
62. 因此，在许多情况下，特别政治任务不得不维持在持续风险管理进程中确定并得到强化的重要减少安全风险措施。例如，酌情并根据大会相关决议部署联合国武装文职安保人员，加强与在实地部署军事人员的区域伙伴的合作，部署会员国提供的警卫队和雇用私营安保公司。 | 62. Special political missions, in many instances, have thus had to maintain significant security mitigation measures, identified and enhanced through a continuous risk management process. Examples of such measures include the deployment of United Nations armed civilian security personnel, increased cooperation with regional partners that deploy military personnel on the ground, the deployment of guard units provided by Member States, and the employment of private security companies, where appropriate and in accordance with relevant General Assembly resolutions. |
地域分配和性别比例状况 | Geographical distribution and gender representation |
63. 我仍然致力于提高妇女在本组织各部门，包括在外地特别政治任务中的代表性。截至 2018 年 6 月，在各任务中任职的国际征聘工作人员中，31.8%是妇女，与上一年相比略微减少 1%。在这些任务的当地征聘人员中，约有 16%是妇女，与上一年相比略微增加 1%。这些数字显示，需要开展更多工作。我于 2017 年 9月启动的全系统性别均等战略将是联合国努力提高各职等任职妇女人数的一项关键工作，目标是到 2028 年实现本组织的全面性别均等。 | 63. I remain committed to improving the representation of women throughout the Organization, including in field-based special political missions. As at June 2018, 31.8 per cent of internationally recruited staff serving in the missions were women, a slight decrease of 1 per cent over the previous year. Among locally recruited staff in those missions, about 16 per cent were women, a slight improvement of 1 per cent over the previous year. These numbers indicate that more work needs to be done. My system-wide strategy on gender parity, which I launched in September 2017, will be a critical part of United Nations efforts to improve the number of women serving at all levels, with the goal of reaching full gender parity in the Organization by 2028. |
64. 我同样深信，我们必须继续促进和改善联合国的地域多样性。截至 2018 年6 月，在外地特别政治任务中任职的 1 398 名国际征聘人员的分布情况如下：非洲集团 22.8%、亚太集团 22.7%、东欧集团 12.7%、拉丁美洲和加勒比集团 7.6%、西欧和其他国家集团 34.3%。在 2 093 名当地征聘的工作人员中，非洲集团 13.4%、亚太集团 79.6%、东欧集团 0.1%、拉丁美洲和加勒比集团 5.3%、西欧和其他国家集团 1.7%。 | 64. I am similarly convinced that we must continue to promote and improve geographical diversity in the United Nations. As at June 2018, the distribution of the 1,398 internationally recruited staff serving in the field-based special political missions was as follows: 22.8 per cent from the African Group, 22.7 per cent from the Asia-Pacific Group, 12.7 per cent from the Eastern European Group, 7.6 per cent from the Latin American and Caribbean Group and 34.3 per cent from the Group of Western European and other States. Of the 2,093 locally recruited staff, 13.4 per cent were from the African Group, 79.6 per cent from the Asia-Pacific Group, 0.1 per cent from the Eastern European Group, 5.3 per cent from the Latin American and Caribbean Group and 1.7 per cent from the Group of Western European and other States. |
五. 意见 | V. Observations |
65. 在本报告中，我强调了我对特别政治任务的持续重视，在本组织不断努力将预防置于其工作核心的过程中尤为如此。我相信，会员国将继续重视特别政治任务对预防冲突、解决冲突和保持和平所作的重要贡献。 | 65. In the present report, I have emphasized the importance that I continue to attach to special political missions, particularly in the Organization’s ongoing effort to place prevention at the centre of its work. I am confident that Member States will continu e to value the critical contribution of special political missions to conflict prevention, resolution and sustaining peace. |
66. 特别政治任务必须保持灵活、敏捷并能够迅速应对和适应不断变化的环境。将越来越需要采取包容、基础广泛的综合办法来应对安全、发展和人道主义挑战。我将继续倡导在我们的所有工作中采用这种做法，尤其是在萨赫勒和大湖区等区域。 | 66. Special political missions must remain flexible, nimble and able to respond and adapt rapidly to changing circumstances. Inclusive, broad-based and integrated approaches to addressing security, development and humanitarian challenges will increasingly be needed. I will continue to advocate for these across our work, but particularly in regions such as the Sahel and the Great Lakes. |
67. 我相信，联合国内部正在进行的将于 2019 年 1 月 1 日生效的改革将有助于加强特别政治任务完成其任务的能力，同时也使其对建设和平和保持和平的关注更加突出。正如我在关于联合国和平与安全支柱的结构改革的最初提议(A/72/525)中指出的，改革力求将预防冲突和保持和平当作优先工作，并提高维持和平行动和特别政治任务的成效和一致性。特别是，今后的政治和建设和平事务部与和平行动部将共享新的单一区域政治-行动构架，这将有助于更好地支持特别政治任务的工作，包括确保与在同一区域运作或具有交叉和(或)互补任务的联合国维持和平特派团之间的协调、协同作用和一致性。关于特别政治任务的供资和支助安排这一有待解决的问题，行政和预算问题咨询委员会于 2011 年就此提出了建议，随后和平行动问题高级别独立小组和审查建设和平架构专家咨询小组的报告重申了这些建议，我希望会员国对此提供指导。 | 67. I am confident that the ongoing reform efforts within the United Nations, which are due to come into effect on 1 January 2019, will help to strengthen the ability of special political missions to deliver on their mandates, while also sharpening their focus on peacebuilding and sustaining peace. As I noted in my original proposal on the restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar (A/72/525), the reform seeks to prioritize conflict prevention and sustaining peace and to enhance the effectiveness and coherence of peacekeeping operations and special political missions. In particular, the new single, regional political-operational structure that will be shared between the future Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs and the Department of Peace Operations will be instrumental in better supporting the work of special political missions, including by ensuring coordination, synergy and coherence with United Nations peacekeeping missions that are working in the same region or have intersecting and/or complementary mandates. With regard to the unresolved question of funding and backstopping arrangements for special political missions, on which the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions made recommendations in 2011 that were later reiterated in the reports of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations and the Advisory Group of Experts on the Review of the Peacebuilding Architecture, it is my hope that Member States will provide guidance. |
68. 管理改革的成果，包括加强客户导向、简化人力资源政策和做法、权力下放和授权以及更靠近实施点的决策，将是确保加强特别政治任务问责和成效的另一个重要因素。联合国发展系统的重新定位，尤其是创建新近被赋予权能的、更公正的驻地协调员制度，也将有助于加强联合国的实地存在，进而加强与特别政治任务工作的协调。 | 68. The outcomes of management reform, including strengthened client orientation, simplification of human resources policies and practices as well as decentralization and delegation of authority and decision-making closer to the point of delivery, will be a further important factor in ensuring the enhanced accountability and effectiveness of special political missions. The repositioning of the United Nations development system, particularly the creation of a newly empowered and mo re impartial resident coordinator system, will also help to strengthen the United Nations presence on the ground, which will enable greater coordination with the work of the special political missions. |
69. 如本报告通篇所述，与其他国际和区域利益攸关方，特别是区域和次区域组织之间的伙伴关系对提高特别政治任务的成效至关重要。在这方面，我期待进一步努力执行联合国-非洲联盟加强和平与安全伙伴关系联合框架，并期待与非洲联盟以及其他区域和次区域组织和会员国密切合作，帮助推进非洲及其他地方的预防冲突和保持和平工作。 | 69. As noted throughout the present report, partnerships with other international and regional stakeholders, particularly regional and subregional organizations, are critical to the effectiveness of the special political missions. In this regard, Ilook forward to further efforts to implement the Joint United Nations-African Union Framework for Enhanced Partnership in Peace and Security and to working closely with the African Union, as with other regional and subregional organizations and Member States, to help advance conflict prevention and sustaining peace in Africa, and elsewhere. |
附件 | Annex |
联合国特别政治任务(截至 2018 年 8 月 1 日) | United Nations special political missions (as at 1 August 2018) |
秘书长特使、个人特使、顾问和代表 | Special and personal envoys, advisers and representatives of the Secretary-General |
1. 秘书长塞浦路斯问题特别顾问2. 秘书长防止灭绝种族罪行特别顾问 | 1. Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus |
1. 秘书长塞浦路斯问题特别顾问2. 秘书长防止灭绝种族罪行特别顾问 | 2. Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide |
3. 西撒哈拉问题秘书长个人特使 | 3. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara |
4. 执行安全理事会第 1559(2004)号决议秘书长特使 | 4. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) |
5. 参加日内瓦国际讨论会的联合国代表 | 5. United Nations Representative to the Geneva International Discussions |
6. 秘书长叙利亚问题特使 | 6. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria |
7. 秘书长苏丹和南苏丹问题特使 | 7. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Sudan and South Sudan |
8. 秘书长大湖区问题特使 | 8. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region |
9. 秘书长也门问题特使 | 9. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen |
10. 秘书长布隆迪问题特使 | 10. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Burundi |
11. 秘书长缅甸问题特使 | 11. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar |
各类制裁监测组及其他实体和机制 | Sanctions monitoring teams, groups and panels and other entities and mechanisms |
12. 索马里和厄立特里亚问题监测组 | 12. Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea |
13. 刚果民主共和国问题专家组 | 13. Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
14. 苏丹问题专家小组 | 14. Panel of Experts on the Sudan |
15. 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国问题专家小组 | 15. Panel of Experts on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea |
16. 利比亚问题专家小组 | 16. Panel of Experts on Libya |
17. 中非共和国问题专家小组 | 17. Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic |
18. 也门问题专家小组 | 18. Panel of Experts on Yemen |
19. 南苏丹问题专家小组 | 19. Panel of Experts on South Sudan |
20. 马里问题专家小组 | 20. Panel of Experts on Mali |
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