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191453100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-16T13:15:31.078Z | 2009-02-12T00:00:00.000Z | Pierre Henry—The Art of Sounds, and: Olivier Messiaen—La liturgie de cristal (review)
Throughout a life that spanned the twentieth century, Olivier Messiaen erected one of the most individual musical aesthetics ever known and steadfastly applied it to a vast musical output. Scholars and musicians have been attempting to encapsulate that aesthetic for decades, but with his short film La liturgie de cristal, Olivier Mille has come the closest of anyone to paring it down into a compelling, digestible narrative. Although never directly referenced, a single quote from an interview published in 1994 seems to be the basis for the structure of Mille’s film: |
11357200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-07T00:51:51.153Z | 2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in empyema.
To the Editor: Rahman and colleagues (Aug. 11 issue)1 found improved fluid drainage in patients with pleural infections and a reduced frequency of surgical referral and duration of hospital stay after combined therapy with intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and DNase. In pleural effusions, the viscosity correlates with the concentrations of albumin, protein, and lactate dehydrogenase.2,3 In an experimental model, the peak in lactate dehydrogenase levels occurs about 12 hours after the peak in numbers of inflammatory cells in the pleural fluid.4 Hence, antibiotic treatment before randomization might have had an influence on the pleural inflammatory response and consequently on the results. Can the authors provide information about antibiotic treatment before randomization and chest-tube drainage? |
249360550 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-05T15:20:43.652Z | 2022-10-15T00:00:00.000Z | Integrated Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Bragg Gratings for Microwave Photonics
Bragg gratings (BGs) have numerous applications in microwave photonic (MWP) signal processing and MWP systems due to the ability to obtain custom-designed amplitude and phase responses. Moreover, waveguide BGs (WBGs) are compact and can be readily integrated with other passive and active components to realize MWP building blocks and processing systems. Subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides and passive devices in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) have emerged as an enabler for developing break-through devices based on anisotropic metamaterials. In this paper, we review recent advances on developing SWG WBGs in SOI, including chirped, phase-shifted, sampled, and polarization (in)dependent structures. Applications of these SWG WBGs in MWP are described. |
233822200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-07T00:03:42.806Z | 2021-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Abstract P479: A Tale of Two Clots: A Multicenter Study on Multiple Territory Thrombectomy
Introduction:
The benefit of thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion (LVO) is well proven. There is minimal data on concurrent thrombectomy for multi-territory occlusions.
Methods:
We reviewed the STAR registry from 2015-8 for patients treated with either right and left sided thrombectomy or anterior and posterior circulation thrombectomy at 15 comprehensive stroke centers.
Results:
There were 4966 patients in the study period who had completed outcome data and LVO thrombectomy. 38 (0.8%) underwent endovascular thrombectomy for multi-territory occlusions. 26% had bilateral occlusions and 74% had anterior and posterior circulation occlusions. Among the 38, 50% were female, 49% were white, and 91% had a prestroke mRS<3. 95% had an ASPECT score of >6 and 55% received iv t-pa. 83% of patients had successful recanalization (TICI 2B/3) for both territories. The overall complication rate was 15%. 5% of patients had sICH or PH2. 26% of patients had a 90day mRS<2. When controlling for admission NIHSS, baseline mRS, age, comorbidities, and ASPECT in logistic regression analysis, multiple territory compared to single territory did not predict increased risk of sICH (p=0.73, 95%CI: 0.2-3.3), rate of TICI2B/3 (OR for TICI2B+: 0.93, p=0.88, CI: 0.38 - 2.3), or worse outcome (OR for good outcome: 0.6, p=.212, CI: 0.3-1.3). On linear regression analysis for attempts and procedure time, multiple territory thrombectomy required significantly higher number of attempts (Coefficient +1.8, p=0.001) without a significantly longer procedure time (Coefficient = +10, p=0.244).
Conclusion:
With similar selection to single territory LVOs, good outcome can be achieved in multi-territory infarction with reasonable procedure time and no additional risk of hemorrhage or poor outcome.
|
251666450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-08-19T14:57:04.841Z | 2015-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Addressing Undernourishment among Pupils in A Depressed Community
† This study evaluated the supplemental feeding program to address undernourishment among 59 pupils in an elementary school located in one of the depressed communities in Tarlac City, Philippines. Before the feeding program and vitamin supplementation, pupils were found to have Body Mass Indices below normal values. They were subjected to one month heavy breakfast feeding and afternoon snacks. They were also given vitamins daily. Findings revealed that most of the pupils had regained normal Body Mass Indices (BMIs) during a routine weighing at the start of a new school year. Aside from regaining normal nutrition, most of the pupils improved in their academic performance in the last quarter compared to the third quarter period. The researchers recommended that school extension programs should prioritize activities to address undernourishment among pupils. The feeding programs must include heavy meals, to include milk and vitamins to ensure that significant improvement in WKH(cid:3) SXSLOV¶(cid:3) nutrition. It is also important that feacalysis and deworming be performed before feeding and proper handwashing be integrated in the activity. These were done in the supplemental feeding program implemented among the pupils in that community. The researchers also recommend training the mothers on how to prepare low cost nutritious foods to maintain proper nutrition even after the feeding program in school. |
252806170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-10-11T16:05:42.425Z | 2022-01-19T00:00:00.000Z | Analysis of Technical and Tactical readiness of highly qualified athletes who specialize in combat Sambo based on the results of the "2021 World Cup"
As a result of the analysis of scientific-methodical, special and reference literature (monitoring of Internet resources), members of the Research Group found that the analytical review of Technical and Tactical training of highly qualified combat Sambo wrestlers (participants of the 2021 World Cup, Tashkent, Uzbekistan) is devoted to the insufficient number of Scientific and methodological works, which requires further Scientific research and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of research.
The main Purpose of the study is to analyze the Technical and Tactical arsenal of highly qualified combat Sambo wrestlers (Top – 3, men's), participants of the "World Championship – 2021, Tashkent, Uzbekistan". The following research methods were used in the process of research and analytical work: abstraction, measurement, expert evaluation, survey, comparison, observation, etc.
As a result of Theoretical research, members of the Research Group analyzed the Technical and Tactical arsenal of highly qualified combat Sambo wrestlers (top-3, men's), participants of the "World Championship – 2021", Tashkent, Uzbekistan. |
145654070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-06T14:08:28.104Z | 2014-01-02T00:00:00.000Z | Space, innovation and the locus of knowledge: an ontological response to Rutten
Marc Bahlmann is assistant professor at VU University Amsterdam. He received his Ph.D. from the Faculty of Social Sciences (VU University) for a study on knowledge dynamics among IT entrepreneurs located in the Amsterdam IT and new media cluster. His current research interests include alliance portfolios, organizational and regional innovation. |
44502470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-05-14T10:13:30.812Z | 2007-03-21T00:00:00.000Z | Characterizing the elasticity of hollow metal nanowires
We have performed atomistic simulations on solid and hollow copper nanowires to quantify the elastic properties of hollow nanowires (nanoboxes). We analyse variations in the modulus, yield stress and strain for and nanoboxes by varying the amount of bulk material that is removed to create the nanoboxes. We find that, while nanoboxes show no improvement in elastic properties as compared to solid nanowires, nanoboxes can show enhanced elastic properties as compared to solid nanowires. The simulations reveal that the elastic properties of the nanoboxes are strongly dependent on the relative strength of the bulk material that has been removed, as well as the total surface area of the nanoboxes, and indicate the potential of ultralight, high-strength nanomaterials such as nanoboxes. |
86693170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-28T13:33:56.700Z | 2018-12-31T00:00:00.000Z | Dealing with the jugular foramen; a case of dumbbellschwannoma
A 57-year-oldpatient diagnosed witha right glomus jugularae was referred to the ENT unit TH/Anuradhapura for further management. Multi-disciplinary discussion and multi-modality imaging confirmed the diagnosis to be a jugular schwannoma. The Patient underwenttumour excision via a combined petro-occipital trans-sigmoidal approach withclose perioperative monitoring and post-operative rehabilitation.This article discusses the importance of a detailed history, examination and multimodality imaging for correct diagnosis of jugular foramen lesions which governs the selection of the surgical approach. |
22763070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:58:21.212Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Stress-induced suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat.
Numerous experiments have demonstrated that physical stress can alter immunological parameters. However, little attention has been paid to the interrelationship between stress and autoimmune processes. The present study was designed to determine the influence of electric shock and sound stress on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ten-week-old male DA rats highly susceptible to EAE were used. Rats were subjected to the stress procedure during 19 days either before or after immunization with intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of an emulsion containing guinea pig spinal cord (20 mg/rat) in an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In addition, rats received subcutaneous injection of Bordetella pertussis in the dorsum of the same foot. Electric stress procedure consisted of 80 inescapable, unpredictable tail shocks (5 s, 1 mA) delivered at the same time each day. Sound stress procedure consisted of exposure of rats to a 90 dB fire alarm bell which rings 60 times for 5 s during one hour, at the same time of the day. Rats were observed daily for clinical signs of EAE and survived animals were sacrificed on day 20 after immunization. The brain and spinal cord sections were examined histologically for mononuclear cell infiltrates characteristics for EAE. The results clearly indicate that inescapable tail shocks suppressed the appearance and development of EAE when rats were subjected to stress procedure during 19 days after immunization, but not when rats were stressed during 19 day before the induction of EAE. On the other hand, in rats exposed to sound stress there was only delay in the onset of the disease. |
6169370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-08-15T00:00:00.000Z | Indexing emails and email threads for retrieval
Electronic mail poses a number of unusual challenges for the design of information retrieval systems and test collections, including informal expression, conversational structure, variable document granularity (e.g., messages, threads, or longer-term interactions), a naturally occuring integration between free text and structural metadata, and incompletely characterized user needs. This paper reports on initial experiments with a large collection of public mailing lists from the World Wide Web consortium that will be used for the TREC 2005 Enterprise Search Track. Automatic subject-line threading and removal of duplicated text were found to have little effect in a small pilot study. Those observations motivated development of a question typology and more detailed analysis of collection characteristics; preliminary results for both are reported. |
118719020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-06-18T13:10:10.000Z | 2016-06-18T00:00:00.000Z | Gauge transformations and conserved quantities in classical and quantum mechanics
We are taught that gauge transformations in classical and quantum mechanics do not change the physics of the problem. Nevertheless, here we discuss three broad scenarios where under gauge transformations: (i) conservation laws are not preserved in the usual manner; (ii) non-gauge-invariant quantities can be associated with physical observables; and (iii) there are changes in the physical boundary conditions of the wave function that render it non-single-valued. We give worked examples that illustrate these points, in contrast to general opinions from classic texts. We also give a historical perspective on the development of Abelian gauge theory in relation to our particular points. Our aim is to provide a discussion of these issues at the graduate level. |
70995420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-24T02:36:37.742Z | 2010-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Child abuse: methodological support for a descriptive survey and for monitoring in a specialised team which takes charge of abused children.
Child abuse is a well-known problem but still poorly documented in Belgium. Since 2005, SOS enfants that takes care of abused children tries to analyse the evolution of its populations. The team decided to create a data collector form for hospitalised children This tool included data on children and parental characteristics, criteria for hospitalisation, history and types of abuse and clinical diagnosis. Since 2008, the Department of Biostatistics supports the team for methodological and analytical process. A data entry program was locally implemented (with Epi 6) to improve the potential for ‘routine monitoring’ tool. The purpose of this paper is to present the major results of the analysis of the data collected between 2005 and 2008 (n=350 children). The abuse is confirmed in about 75% of the hospitalisations and in one in five cases, it was multiple abuses (often physical and sexual). Family histories of these children were also very complicated: history of abuse, reconstituted family, socio-economic difficulties, etc. In conclusion, systematic data collection and analysis have permitted a better knowledge of the populations characteristics and conducted the team to venture clinical hypotheses about history of abuse. |
243550670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-08-13T10:09:30.017Z | 2020-07-30T00:00:00.000Z | The Use of Distribution Requirement Planning Method in Rice Distribution System of CV. Usaha Milla Gesit for Cost Efficiency
The purpose of this research to provide a method of
Distribution Requirement Planning on the form of CV. Usaha
Milla Gesit’s rice to efficient the cost of the material distribution.
This type of research is descriptive research with a time horizon
that use cross-sectional for data collection .The technique of data
collection during this research is directly interviewing company’s
oprational manager. The data that acquired processed with
Distribution Requirement Planning and then compared with the
results of company’s conventional system. From the results of the
comparison Distribution Requirement Planning can be efficient
the cost of rice distribution as many as 26.76 %. With this proves
Distribution Requirement Planning can efficient distribution
total cost, Forecasting aims to know the period from March 2018
- February 2019 and manage it with Distribution Requirement
Planning to know distribution total cost from March 2018 -
February 2019. |
210907600 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-09T09:08:05.687Z | 2019-12-28T00:00:00.000Z | Is there a Correlation between Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 with Autotaxin, Azurocidin-1, Apolipoprotein C-III and Elastase-2 in Male Iraqi Acute Myocardial Infraction Patients?
Acute Myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the important reasons of loss of life and bodily incapacity global prompt via cardiovascular diseases (CVD). AMI stimulates the innate immune system that is required to employee leukocytes to remove necrotic cells and recruit myocardial healing. To evaluate serum concentrations of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Autotaxin (ATX), Azurocidin-1 (AZU-1), Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) and Elastase-2 (ELA-2) in male Iraqi AMI patients and healthy controls (HCs), and explain the association of MCP-1with ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 in male Iraqi AMI patients, also explore the best parameter which can use to differentiate between AMI patients. This case-control study included 84 men aged 40–68 years. Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), thoracic circumference (TC), neck circumference (NC), height, weight, age, and further covariates were obtained via an inquiry form. They were separated into two equivalent groups: the patients group and the healthy group, serum concentrations of MCP-1, ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 were estimated via ELISA. Serum of MCP-1, ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 concentrations were importantly greater in patients with AMI than in HCs (p< 0.001). MCP-1 concentrations were importantly linked with ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 in AMI cases (p< 0.001). The greater value of MPC-1 association was with ELA-2 (r=0.592). MCP-1 exhibited the maximum value for área under curve (AUC=1) in comparison to other studied biomarkers. The present data explained the role of MCP-1, ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 in AMI disease; we found they have central functions in this disease, mainly obese patients. Attention must be taken to avoid confusion among risk markers and risk factors. Great serum concentrations of MCP-1 offered important correlations between risk markers and risk factors of AMI disease. |
45478750 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:06:23.235Z | 1995-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Cortical stimulation mapping of phantom limb rolandic cortex. Case report.
Findings of intraoperative rolandic cortex mapping during awake craniotomy for a tumor in a patient with a contralateral upper-extremity amputation are presented. This patient sustained a traumatic amputation at the mid-humerus 24 years previously. Initially he had experienced rare painless phantom limb sensations but none in the past 10 years. Functional mapping during an awake craniotomy was performed to maximize safe tumor resection. Typical temporal and frontal speech areas were identified; motor representation of face and jaw extended more superiorly than sensory representation. Shoulder movements were evoked more laterally than usual at the superior aspect of the craniotomy. A small region of precentral gyrus, between the jaw and shoulder representations, elicited no detectable effect when stimulated. Somatosensory mapping showed a similar topographical distribution of face and mouth cortex; however, posterior and inferior to the shoulder motor cortex, right arm and hand (phantom) sensations were evoked. Evidence suggests that significant motor reorganization occurs following an amputation, with expansion of neighboring homuncular representations without loss of somatosensory representation, despite a long period of time without any sensation referable to the amputated limb. Contrary to models of sensory cortex plasticity, the plasticity of the adult cortex may be system specific, with reorganization present in motor, but not in sensory, cortical systems. |
154209450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-15T14:33:05.093Z | 2012-01-12T00:00:00.000Z | Great Spending Crashes
Abstract Over the last century, there have been four major peacetime crashes in aggregate nominal spending in the United States. We argue in this paper that these great spending crashes can be best understood from a monetary disequilibrium perspective. We examine this hypothesis using a structural vector autoregression that identifies the key monetary shocks implied by the monetary disequilibrium view. We find that these monetary shocks are the main contributors to each of the great spending crashes. |
21253200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:59:07.569Z | 2006-01-07T00:00:00.000Z | An unexpected artefact with low-contrast high-energy film
Kodak recently introduced new packaging for its X-Omat V verification film, including a label on the exterior of the packet. Patient images taken using the film in an image intensification cassette showed artefacts which appeared to be related to the label. Investigation showed the effect was only observed in conditions of high-Z build-up or backscatter or when the film was used without additional backscatter. The label provides extra build up when in front of the film and an increase in optical density of up to 0.04 units. When the label is on the rear of the film it absorbs backscattered particles, causing a decrease in optical density. It is concluded that X-Omat V film packets with labels are unsuitable for use in imaging cassettes unless they are used in conditions of low-Z build-up. Alternatively the film must be removed from the labelled envelope if it is to be used in high-Z build-up conditions. |
144177650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-04T13:05:08.863Z | 1982-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Book Reviews : Daniel Heradstveit: The Arab-Israeli Conflict. Psychological Obstacles to Peace. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1979. 232 pp
adjustment of the future situation in Palestine’ the resolution in effect implied the free hand which Bernadotte felt he had in conceiving his own suggestions. Persson rightly points out that the first truce in June 1948 came about by Bernadotte acting ’almost as an arbitrator rather than as a mediator’. He also describes how in July 1948 the Security Council accepted Bernadotte’s proposal to ’order’ an indefinite truce under threat |
220722550 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-17T18:33:18.864Z | 1970-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | III. Non-Military Defence
of policy completely ... on the other hand, and not unrelated to this, the increase in destructive power does not mean that violence becomes more effective as an instrument of policy. It becomes too gross and crude, much like the increase in ocean drilling technology which does not contribute to dentistry ... The second reason is the concern during this last decade with disarmament ... any talk about disarmament without serious consideration of alternative forms of defense is less than serious ... NMD is defense under the constraint that violence should not be used, but otherwise the logic of strategic thinking may be said to parallel that of military defense ... We assume that there are two parties, A and B, and that B attacks A, and shall look at the situation from the defender’s, A’s, point of view. We assume further that A and B can both be subdivided into two parts, referred to as force (F) and value (V) respectively although F and V, of |
189547850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-01T17:21:51.238Z | 2018-05-14T00:00:00.000Z | Agile redesign of student projects in a women-only degree course
Agile or not agile is no longer a question as almost every company boasts about being agile and thereby more efficient. Being agile introduces new requirements and areas of development for companies and teams. Cooperation ideally is done on a level playing field in all areas. Because of this the classical hierarchical structures cease to be meaningful, and, due to new roles such as Scrum Master and Product Owner, new career opportunities are created. A concern of the mono-educative program computer science and business administration of HTW is to prepare the students for these new requirements and to convey both, the agile approach and the required skills of the involved roles and by that enabling them to better enter the field of STEM, where women are still marginalized and to benefit from the agil culture. This paper discusses the challenges that must be overcome due to introducing Scrum into university courses and presents the pilot implementation by showcasing established student projects. |
142534400 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-03T13:06:31.327Z | 1978-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Europe and the World: The External Relations of the Common Market . Edited by Twitchett Kenneth J.. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976. Pp. xviii +210. $16.95.)
The volume consists of seven essays by different authors including one by the editor himself. Twitchett's essay introduces the subject and discusses the bases for the external relations, competences found in the EEC Treaty. The second piece is by Roger Morgan who examines the transatlantic relationship between the European Community (EC) and the U.S. John Pinder, in the third essay, looks at the problems of the Community relations with "state-trading" countries, followed by Avi Shlaim's analysis of the relationships with the Mediterranean countries. Carol CosgroveTwitchett contributes two essays, the first examining the Community's association policy and the second dealing with the possibilities of elaborating a comprehensive development policy. The final piece, by F. S. Northedge, focuses on British foreign policy in a Community context. |
10046250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:17:10.172Z | 2001-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone potentiates the hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide in healthy volunteers: evidence for an effect on insulin extraction.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone (GIP) is an intestinal hormone considered to be an important mediator of the incretin effect, i.e. the augmented insulin release observed in response to orally, compared with iv, administered glucose, despite isoglycemic glucose profiles. Stimulation of beta-cell secretion of insulin by GIP is seen both in vitro and in vivo at permissive extracellular glucose concentrations (> 6 mmol/L). It has also been claimed that part of the incretin effect is due to decreased insulin extraction. We now show that an infusion of GIP in healthy volunteers in whom blood glucose levels were maintained at 5 mmol/L, increased glibenclamide-stimulated levels of plasma insulin without significantly changing the C peptide profile. The increased plasma insulin levels necessitated extra glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia, demonstrating the biological significance of the elevated insulin levels. Infusion of GIP alone caused neither glucose changes nor elevation of C peptide or insulin levels. Hence, our results show that at a blood glucose concentration of 5 mmol/L, GIP augments the increase in plasma insulin levels stimulated by glibenclamide, possibly acting through a mechanism involving decreased insulin extraction in the liver or peripheral tissues, thus increasing insulin availability. |
118530950 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T11:52:18.878Z | 2015-06-02T00:00:00.000Z | Investigating of Spherical Composite Accelerating Cavity for High Gradient Linacs
Maximum amplitudes of accelerating fields are restricted by electron breakdown and Joule heating losses in conducting walls in traditional accelerating structures. In this paper, we presented a resonant composite accelerating cavity, which utilizes a periodic structure with a dielectric sphere located at a spherical conducting cavity center. The presence of the dielectric sphere in the central part of the resonance cavity shifts the magnetic fields maximum from regions close to the metallic wall to the dielectric surface, which strongly lowers the skin effect losses in the wall. By using the existing ultra-low loss Sapphire dielectrics, we made theoretical analyze and numerical calculations by MATLAB, and further make simulated calculation by CST for comparison. The results show that all field components at the metallic wall are either zero or very small, and therefore one can expect the cavity to be less prone to electrical breakdowns than the traditional cavity. Furthermore, the quality factor Q can be three orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in existing cylindrical cavities. |
31141150 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:49:44.655Z | 1994-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | A case of "stunned myocardium" after noncardiac surgery: increased concentration of plasma brain natriuretic peptide.
tunned myocardium" is a condition of prolonged but reversible contractile dysfunction of "S the cardiac ventricle, after a brief period of coronary ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, despite full restoration of blood flow and oxygen supply (1-4). Stunned myocardium can be created experimentally by, for example, coronary occlusion for 15 min in dogs or global ischemia for 15 min in isolated perfused rat heart (2). Clinically, stunned myocardium may be seen in patients with acute myocardial infarction after early reperfusion, patients with unstable or variant angina, and patients who have undergone cardiac surgery or cardiac transplantation (2,3). Although the mechanism of stunned myocardium is not fully understood, it has been proposed that intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxygen-derived free radicals, and/or excitation-contraction uncoupling due to sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction may be involved (2). In this article, we report a patient who, after noncardiac liver surgery, showed an acute myocardial infarction-like change on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and extensive left ventricular contractile dysfunction. However, the case was different from typical acute myocardial infarction because the patient showed no coronary stenosis on coronary angiography, no marked increase in serum levels of cardiac enzymes, no filling defect on cardiac scintigraphy, and recovery of ventricular contractile function a few days after surgery. Although we diagnosed this case as stunned myocardium, the cause of the "stunning" was not apparent. There has been recent interest in the function of a novel cardiac hormone, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). It was originally isolated from the brain and is secreted mainly from the ventricle. Another cardiac |
152040400 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-11T13:15:42.768Z | 2016-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Swedish Perception of European Security in the Light of the Crisis in Ukraine
Abstract The events in Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea, and the Russian attitude towards Ukraine show an evident change in European relations. The escalation of conflict between Russia and Ukraine however does not affect only those two countries, but also those in the nearest vicinity. Especially in Scandinavian and Nordic countries change in social ambience can be observed. The aim of this article is essentially to analyze Swedish reaction to the Ukrainian Crisis, the change in Swedish attitude towards international security systems, especially NATO, and Swedish perception of its national safety. |
14371200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Analog-to-Digital Converters for High-Speed Applications
There is a rapid development of the performance of state-of-the-art analog to digital converters (ADC). Resolution and sampling rate are increasing continuously. Sampling rates in the high intermediate frequency (IF) range with sufficient dynamic range for communication applications were introduced about the turn of the millennium. Post-correction methods enable fast ADCs with modest linearity, and thereby weak dynamic performance, for high-speed applications. A post-correction procedure involves a characterization of the ADC non-linearity and then utilizing this information by processing the ADC output samples to remove the distortion. ADC characterization is usually performed by estimating ADC characteristics from measurements. Consequently, successful characterizations require both developed test methods and high performance test-beds. Characterization and testing ADCs are interesting in many different aspects. Not only that a proper characterization can be used for error compensation, testing is a major factor of cost for manufacturers, and shortening of the test cycle implies large savings. Testing ADCs is complicated, time consuming and demands high-performance instrumentation. |
25044600 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:18:38.552Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Determinants of bone loss in patients with Kock ileal urinary reservoir.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the change in bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with Kock reservoirs for urinary diversion who were examined with the same technique 3 years earlier, and relate the changes to kidney function and variables reflecting bone metabolism. A total of 28 patients with Kock ileal reservoirs to the skin (23) or urethra (5) were reinvestigated 3 years after the first measurement. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine, femur and whole body with DXA. Bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and chloride were also determined in serum. GFR was determined from the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. The mean values for BMD expressed in percentage of corresponding mean values for age-matched controls (BMD%) were almost identical after 3 years. Only osteocalcin levels correlated with the BMD% values. However, significant positive correlations were found between GFR and the observed individual changes in BMD% over the 3 years in spite of the fact that most GFR values were fairly normal. Enhanced bone loss was associated with high concentrations of osteocalcin and bone specific alkaline phosphatase. Comparisons with blood gas analyses and determination of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D performed in the previous study indicate to us that the relation between reduced GFR and low mineral content might, in part, be related to a low-grade metabolic acidosis and reduced availability of the biologically active vitamin D hormone. The conclusion to be drawn is that urinary diversion with a Kock reservoir does not regularly cause bone demineralization. However, patients with even moderately reduced GFR appear to be at risk for developing osteoporosis in the long-time run. |
208384100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-10-10T09:23:46.229Z | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Striking the Right Balance: Assessing Fellows’ Abilities to Deliver Patient Education: 2173
Introduction: Health literacy is defi ned as the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic information needed to make appropriate health decisions. Health literacy has a major impact on the improvement of quality of healthcare. In 2005, a tool was introduced to assess health literacy called new vital sign by Weiss et al. Since then, it has been validated in multiple studies. It is usually administered by an RN or MOA, and takes about 3 minutes to complete. It assesses general literacy and numeracy skills as applied to health information yielding an overall estimate of health literacy. We aimed to assess health literacy in an outpatient community GI clinic. Methods: We enrolled 175 consecutive patients in an ambulatory GI setting. Th e new vital sign was administered by a medical student aft er standard vital signs were obtained. Exclusion criteria were <18 years of age, and visual/auditory impairment. When appropriate, the primary caregiver responsible for medical care was administered the test. Th e patient was given a nutrition label, and then asked predefi ned questions in order to assess prose literacy, numeracy, and document literacy. Th e answers were correct or incorrect according to a predefi ned binary scoring key (1 point for each correct answer [maximum 6 points]). Results: A total of 171 patients completed the test. Th e average time to complete the test was 3.6 minutes. Th e number of correct items on the NVS ranged from 0 to 6 (mean=4.41). Of total surveyed, 24 patients scored 0-1, suggesting a high likelihood of limited literacy. 17 patients scored 2-3, indicating the possibility of limited literacy. 130 patients scored 4-6, consistent with adequate literacy. Conclusion: NVS can provide prompt and valuable insight into the patients’ level of health literacy. With this knowledge, physician and ancillary staff can tailor recommendations and instructions appropriately. In this suburban population, more than three-fourths of participants (76%) showed adequate literacy, while nearly one-fourth (24%) showed impaired health literacy. Performance of NVS can lead to improved and focused communication in the physician-patient relationship, leading to improved health care delivery. |
4984550 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:45:30.750Z | 2011-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Perceptions of frontline providers on the appropriate qualifications for battalion level care in United States Army ground maneuver forces.
OBJECTIVES
The U.S. Army emplaces physician assistants (PAs) in its maneuver battalions. When contingencies arise, clinic-based physicians join them to augment capability. Because both entities operate similarly, the policy permits a comparison of perceptions of optimal skill sets for the battalion medical mission.
METHODS
We conducted a survey to discover associations in opinion regarding the best qualifications for battalion care. We asked deployed PAs and physicians to rate themselves and their counterparts in eight domains. We hypothesized that both entities would rate PAs as superior based on their permanent presence at battalion level and their familiarity with the disease and injury patterns of their population.
RESULTS
Among 26 respondents, PAs awarded themselves a score of 8.3 +/- 0.3 out of 10 and a score of 6.5 +/- 0.5 to physicians. Physicians awarded PAs a score of 8.4 +/- 0.3 and themselves a score of 8.3 +/- 0.3.
CONCLUSION
Participants support the PA as an appropriate capability for battalion care in prolonged combat environments. |
36563800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:49:57.482Z | 2007-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Comparison of alumina-alumina to metal-polyethylene bearing surfaces in THA: a randomized study with 4- to 9-years follow-up.
We report the clinical and radiological results of 140 primary THAs, randomized to receive metal-polyethylene or alumina-alumina bearing surfaces. At last follow-up (average 79 months), no significant difference was found on clinical scores (WOMAC and Merle D'Aubigné) between the two groups. However, linear wear of 1 mm or more of the liner was observed in 89% (50/56) of polyethylene cases, whereas no measurable wear was noted in the alumima-on-alumina group. Calcar resorption was noted in 34% (19/56) of cases in the polyethylene group versus 6% (3/51) in the alumina group. Although no aseptic loosening was present in either group, 2 hips in the polyethylene group underwent revision for severe liner wear, and 2 more are pending. No specific complication was associated with alumina components. This study is in line with other reports indicating that alumina-alumina bearing surfaces have better wear properties than metal-on standard polyethylene and should be considered for THA in young and active patients. |
32735700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:13:49.651Z | 2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE FORMATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL IMPLANTATION IN A RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA PATIENT
Methods: A retrospective case report of a retinitis pigmentosa patient who underwent vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane after intravitreal autologous stem cell implantation. Results: A 71-year-old female RP patient came to our clinic for ophthalmic evaluation after intravitreal autologous stem cell injection. Four months ago, she underwent intravitreal autologous stem cell injection for both eyes at another hospital. New thick epiretinal membrane (ERM) with extensive macular pucker was found on her left eye. She underwent pars plana vitrectomy and membranectomy. After biopsy, many CD34-positive stem cells were detected in ERM specimen. Conclusion: This is the first report of ERM formation following intravitreal autologous stem cells injection. CD34-positive stem cells were detected in a human eye at 4 months after injection. Further studies are needed to determine how stem cells caused ERM and how long they would stay in the eye. |
18612550 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-01-11T18:29:14.669Z | 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Clustered Data Separation via Barycentric Radial Visualization
This paper addresses visualizing clusters of multi-dimensional data using barycenters as cluster representatives within the RadViz radial visualization technique. RadViz is a composition of two mappings. Where in this twostage mapping the cluster barycenters are formed is a key decision. Motivated by the nature of the second mapping, we form cluster barycenters at the end of the first stage, rather than at the start of the first stage. In the second stage we must select an appropriate configuration of dimensional representatives (dimensional anchors). Since this problem is intractable we present a heuristic to: 1) separate clusters and 2) move clusters away from the barycenter of the dimensional anchors. The heuristic uses our prior Voronoi quality assessment technique and our recent observation that circular motion of dimensional anchors confines each data image to an annulus. We demonstrate the benefit of our barycentric approach for a variety of clustered datasets. |
221163800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-08-19T13:06:29.393Z | 2020-08-18T00:00:00.000Z | Pharmacotherapeutic management of bronchial infections in adults: non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ABSTRACT Introduction Effective management of both acute and chronic bronchial infections is mandatory due to their high frequency rate, the relevant morbidity and mortality and the significant burden to health care systems, especially with the aging of population. Bacteria are the main causative pathogens, followed by viruses, and less commonly by fungi. The clinical evaluation of new therapeutic associations is mandatory to cope with the increases in resistance, in association with better infection control and antimicrobial policies. Areas covered The authors searched Medline for any article published in English language up until March 1, 2020 that concerns the treatment of acute exacerbations and chronic infections in chronic obstructive respiratory disease and bronchiectasis. Expert opinion As acute exacerbations are a main common and detrimental event in patients with COPD and bronchiectasis, effective antimicrobial therapies and regimens should be optimized. The development of new molecules or combination regimens is vital to patients with severe and/or difficult-to-treat infections. Moreover, chronic infection control is mandatory in these patients to their improve quality of life, respiratory function and prognosis as well as for reducing health care costs. |
70287850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-19T14:07:18.177Z | 2019-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Cost-Effective Cloud Server Provisioning for Predictable Performance of Big Data Analytics
Cloud datacenters are underutilized due to server over-provisioning. To increase datacenter utilization, cloud providers offer users an option to run workloads such as big data analytics on the underutilized resources, in the form of cheap yet revocable transient servers (e.g., EC2 spot instances, GCE preemptible instances). Though at highly reduced prices, deploying big data analytics on the unstable cloud transient servers can severely degrade the job performance due to instance revocations. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes iSpot, a cost-effective transient server provisioning framework for achieving predictable performance in the cloud, by focusing on Spark as a representative Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-style big data analytics workload. It first identifies the stable cloud transient servers during the job execution by devising an accurate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based price prediction method. Leveraging automatic job profiling and the acquired DAG information of stages, we further build an analytical performance model and present a lightweight critical data checkpointing mechanism for Spark, to enable our design of iSpot provisioning strategy for guaranteeing the job performance on stable transient servers. Extensive prototype experiments on both EC2 spot instances and GCE preemptible instances demonstrate that, iSpot is able to guarantee the performance of big data analytics running on cloud transient servers while reducing the job budget by up to 83.8 percent in comparison to the state-of-the-art server provisioning strategies, yet with acceptable runtime overhead. |
237489500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-13T05:14:43.153Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Problem and project-based learning as an educational philosophy: A novel conceptual model for higher education
Educational transformation at universities driven by the radical changes in society, culture, politics, economy, technology and industry has changed the knowledge, skills and competences demanded from individuals in professional life. This has also led to the problem and project-based learning (PBL) to gain importance once again. PBL is a learning model that all curriculum components are oriented at problems. This study aims to analyze the evolution of PBL from a teaching method to educational philosophy and to propose a novel conceptual model for an institution-level PBL design. This paper is based on a narrative approach to analyze the literature, proposes new relationships among constructs and creates links between existing theories to give a novel and broader insight to the theories using a combination of theory synthesis, adaptation, typology, and model. We think that problem and project-based learning should be considered together to create a framework to design a curriculum in higher education to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Also, we believe that the PBL model we proposed in our study can shed light on the practice of the universities in performing their educational and societal roles. |
84581950 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-21T13:03:57.407Z | 2010-06-04T00:00:00.000Z | Decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and relationship with 15-deoxy Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 in gamma-linolenic acid supplemented healthy subjects
In this pilot study, we investigated the effects on monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1; CCL2) secretion, MCP-1 gene expression and 15-deoxy D-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3 n 6) rich-borage oil supplemented healthy volunteers. GLA is rapidly converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3 n6) and in some cells desaturated further to arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n 6). In this study, we present data as seven healthy volunteers acting as their own controls who ingested 14 g borage oil per day consecutively for 13 weeks. It was found that the MCP-1 production from phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMCs was significantly reduced during the time course of the supplementation (Table). In addition, the level of PBMC MCP-1 gene expression was reduced significantly during the supplementation period (Table). A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of MCP-1 gene and MCP-1 production in stimulated cell cultures. There was a significant increase in stimulated 15d-PGJ2 production at weeks 7 and 13 (Table) and a significant negative correlation between 15d-PGJ2 production and MCP-1 production (Figure). In a parallel study using 14 g of corn oil [which contains linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n6) but no GLA] preliminary findings suggest no changes in MCP-1 (week 0, 1462 163 pg/ml v. week 13, 1045 73 pg/ml). The study suggests therefore that GLA-rich borage oil supplementation in humans results in the inhibition of PBMC MCP-1 expression at the gene and protein levels and that 15d-PGJ2, a metabolite of AA known to inhibit MCP-1, appears to be the mechanism by which GLA-rich borage oil inhibits MCP-1. The effects of GLA-rich borage oil on PBMC MCP-1 expression and production may be beneficial in certain chronic inflammatory diseases where MCP-1 has been strongly implicated. |
154452810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-06-22T02:12:51.958Z | 1988-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Ocean Freight Rates and Productivity, 1740–1913: The Primacy of Mechanical Invention Reaffirmed
This article demonstrates that new industrial technology caused a revolutionary decline in nineteenth-century freight rates. This overturns Douglass North's well-known conclusion that organizational improvements were the dominant source of savings. While North's American freight rate series declines prior to the use of the metal steamship, British rates decline only modestly prior to 1850 and then rapidly as metal steamships come into use. Cotton freights dominate North's index and declined when cotton became more tightly packed for shipment. Metal ships and steam propulsion, however, caused a general decline in freight rates after 1850. |
7319310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-05-02T19:09:28.699Z | 2016-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Estimation of equivalent circuit parameters of transformer and induction motor using PSO
In this paper a simple and robust parameter estimation methodology for single phase transformer and three phase induction motor is proposed using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Here the equivalent circuit parameters and losses of a single phase transformer and a three phase induction motor are obtained using PSO technique. The obtained results from PSO are verified by comparing it with a 15 kVA transformer as mentioned in [8] and validated with the results obtained from laboratory test performed on a 3kVA single phase transformer as well as a 2 HP three phase slip ring induction motor. From the test it can be seen that the results obtained from PSO can track the test results quite accurately in estimation of equivalent circuit parameters. This scheme can be extended to estimate the parameters of three phase transformers as well as three phase squirrel cage induction motors and single phase induction motor with proper modification. |
19493810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:46:49.143Z | 1992-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Nonthrombocytopenic Purpura Associated Sequentially with Nifedipine and Diltiazem
OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a patient who developed nonthrombocytopenic purpura sequentially following the administration of nifedipine and diltiazem. DATA SOURCES: Case reports, MEDLINE review of pertinent literature, and review of relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted from direct patient observation and review of laboratory studies and published reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nonthrombocytopenic purpura secondary to cutaneous vasculitis is a known, although rare, adverse effect of nifedipine. It has not been reported in association with diltiazem. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman in whom a purpuric rash demonstrated by biopsy to be attributable to cutaneous vasculitis developed in the course of nifedipine therapy. The rash disappeared after discontinuation of the drug; however, it recurred when diltiazem therapy was initiated. CONCLUSIONS: Nonthrombocytopenic purpura may be associated with diltiazem as well as with nifedipine. When this adverse effect occurs following administration of a calcium-channel blocker, caution is advised in using other agents of the same class. |
248985350 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-05-24T06:23:21.175Z | 2022-05-23T00:00:00.000Z | Hip-Spine Relationship between Sagittal Balance of the Lumbo-Pelvi-Femoral Complex and Hip Extension Capacity: An EOS Evaluation in a Healthy Caucasian Population.
STUDY DESIGN
A prospective study of healthy volunteers.
OBJECTIVES
The influence of the sagittal alignment of the spine and its influence on the extension reserve have been reported in the literature. However, specific analysis of the intrinsic coxofemoral and extrinsic pelvic component in subjects without any spinal or hip pathologies remains poorly reported. The aim of this study was to categorize the hip extension capacity, or extension reserve (ER), in relation to spinal sagittal alignment whilst standing, in a young healthy population. We hypothesized that the global extension reserve (GER) of the hip joint was influenced by the sagittal spinopelvic alignment.
METHODS
We evaluated the ER of 120 healthy Caucasian volunteers (56 females (46.7%), 74 males (53.3%); mean age 25.6 years), using low dose radiographs from an EOS® X-ray imaging system in 2 functional positions; neutral standing position and in a forward lunge position. The GER is defined as the sum of the intrinsic (hip) extension reserve (IER) and the extrinsic (pelvic) extension reserve (EER). Cases were grouped into 4 sagittal alignment subtypes according to the Roussouly classification, and analyzed.
RESULTS
Global extension reserve values were not significantly different between the 4 Roussouly subtypes (P = .094), nor between patients with a sacral slope (SS) <35° (types 1/2) and ≥ 35° (type 3/4) (P = .837). Statistically significant differences were seen between IER in each subtype (P = .015), and EER (P = .006). No difference in ER was seen between subtypes regarding pelvic incidence (PI).
CONCLUSION
An inverse relationship was found between IER and EER among Roussouly subtypes. The range of motion of the pelvis and the hip joint was higher in patients with a greater sacral slope. |
35200200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:52:03.381Z | 1978-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Relations between the HLA-antigens and immune responsiveness to SK/SD in healthy Japanese subjects.
A possible association between the HLA antigens and immune responsiveness to SK/SD was studied in 90 healthy Japanese volunteers. No association was found between the HLA antigens, including B5, and SK/SD stimulated blastoid transformation. There was a week indication of an association between Bw22 and responses to SK/SD. But this was not statistically significant as far as the corrected P value was concerned. |
149821100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-12T14:22:36.971Z | 1985-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Group for Families of Homicide Victims: An Evaluation
Katharine Miller, formerly a Research Associate with Child and Family Services of Hartford, Connecticut, is at present an Associate Consultant, Corporate Responsi!Iity, for Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company in Hartford. Nancy Moore is a Social Worker with Child and Family Services, Hartford, and Charles Lexius is Victim Advocate in the State Attorney's Office Hartford Connecticut. An earlier version of this articie was pre~ sented at the National Association of Social Workers Professional Symposiumin Washington, D.C., November 1983. |
1981400 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-12-07T19:30:58.999Z | 2010-05-16T00:00:00.000Z | Double-Differential Encoding for Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Relaying in IR-UWB Systems
In this paper, we propose to improve the performance of impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) systems by means of cooperative relaying. With regard to a simple practical realization, we focus on a non-coherent system setup in conjunction with amplify-and-forward (A&F) relaying. In particular, considering a two-hop scenario we propose to employ a double-differential encoding scheme at the source node and single differential decoding at the relay and the destination node, respectively, so as to efficiently limit intersymbol-interference (ISI) effects. A thorough performance analysis of the proposed scheme is provided, along with a closed-form optimization of the transmit power allocation between source and relay. Simulation results illustrate the excellent performance of the proposed scheme, which is compared to alternative coherent and non-coherent schemes based on A&F relaying and decode-and-forward (D&F) relaying. |
15926000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-02T01:32:56.278Z | 2007-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | The MiRP2-Kv3.4 Potassium Channel: Muscling In on Alzheimer's Disease
In this issue of Molecular Pharmacology (p. 665), Pannacione et al. provide evidence of a role for the voltage-gated potassium channel α subunit Kv3.4 and its ancillary subunit MiRP2 in β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide-mediated neuronal death. The MiRP2-Kv3.4 channel complex—previously found to be important in skeletal myocyte physiology—is now argued to be a molecular correlate of the transient outward potassium current up-regulated by Aβ peptide, considered a significant step in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. The authors conclude that MiRP2 and Kv3.4 are up-regulated by Aβ peptide in a nuclear factor κB-dependent fashion at the transcriptional level, and the sea anemone toxin BDS-I is shown to protect against Aβ peptide-mediated cell death by specific blockade of Kv3.4-generated current. The findings lend weight to the premise that specific channels, such as MiRP2-Kv3.4, could hold promise as future therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease and potentially other neurodegenerative disorders. |
2627650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:20:41.853Z | 1985-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Generation of 16-fsec frequency-tunable pulses by optical pulse compression.
Using a two-stage optical-fiber pulse compressor together with an optical amplifier, we have compressed the 5.4-psec pulses from a synchronously pumped mode-locked dye laser to 16-fsec duration. The compressed pulses had peak powers of 80 kW and a repetition rate of 200 Hz and were tunable over the wavelength of the dye laser. |
24207900 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:41:44.116Z | 2014-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Therapeutic efficacy of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule) on phytoestrogen-induced erectile dysfunction: an experimental study].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule, YJC) on penile erectile function and its action mechanisms in rats.
METHODS
Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number: blank control, daidzein, daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + low-dose YJC, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC. The rats in the blank control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline and those in the other groups with daidzein at the dose of 100 mg per kg per day for 30 days. Then the last five groups received additionally testosterone (4 mg per kg per day), sildenafil (2.5 mg per kg per day), low-dose YJC, (0.315 mg per kg per day), medium-dose YJC (0.63 mg per kg per day), and high-dose YJC (1. 26 mg per kg per day), respectively. At 0, 30 and 60 days of treatment, we observed the apomorphine-induced spontaneous erectile response and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum of the rats, recorded the number of penile erection and erectile incubation period, and determined the serum levels of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
RESULTS
At 30 days of treatment, the number of apomorphine-induced erections was decreased, the erectile incubation period prolonged, and the serum levels of T and LH reduced remarkably in all groups of rats (P < 0.05). Compared with the findings at 30 days, the number of penile erections was significantly decreased at 60 days in the daidzein group (1.39 ± 0.42 vs 2.67 ± 0.33, P < 0.05) and daidzein + low-dose YJC group (1.33 ± 0.49 vs 2.83 ± 0.61, P < 0.05); the erectile incubation period was markedly ex- tended ([16.33 ± 3.11] vs [8.50 ± 0.93] min and [15.50 ± 3.21] vs [8.63 ± 1.54] min, P < 0.05); and the serum levels of T ([5.34 ± 0.89] vs [1.24 ± 0.30] ng/ml and [5.28 ± 1.12] vs [2.07 ± 0.76] ng/ml, P < 0.05) and LH ([3.62 ± 0.37] vs [2.09 ± 0.12] ng/ml and [3.79 ± 0.28] vs [2.17 ± 0.33] ng/ml, P < 0.05) were significantly reduced in the daidzein and daidzein + low-dose YJC groups, respectively. Pathological examination revealed slightly decreased cavernous sinuses and blood vessels in the corpus cavernosum of the rats in the daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC groups as compared with those in the blank control group.
CONCLUSION
High-dose Yangjing Capsule is efficacious for the recovery of erectile function in rats, especially for phytoestrogen-induced erectile dysfunction. |
250000170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-25T15:23:35.280Z | 2022-06-23T00:00:00.000Z | Augmented Reality Interactive Guide System and Method for Tourist Attractions Based on Geographic Location
With the increasing improvement of people’s living standards, more and more tourists choose to travel independently, which puts forward higher requirements for the existing tourist guide system of scenic spots. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates computer-generated virtual information into real scenes. It provides more interactive modes, allowing visitors to have a stronger sense of immersion in the real world. The interactive navigation system is an analysis and processing system that recommends algorithms for tourists through the back-end server by collecting the user’s registration information data. It provides tourists with reasonable travel itineraries. This can not only allow users to avoid the peak flow of people and save tourists’ time, but also reduce the hidden dangers of scenic spots and improve the turnover rate of passenger flow. This paper aims to study an interactive guide system combined with augmented reality technology to provide tourism services for tourists in tourist attractions based on geographic locations. This paper proposes an improved probabilistic algorithm model to accurately locate tourists. (Probabilistic algorithms are also called randomization algorithms. Probabilistic algorithms allow the random choice of the next computational step during execution. In many cases, when the algorithm is faced with a choice during the execution process, the random choice is time-saving compared to the optimal one. Therefore, the probabilistic algorithm can greatly reduce the complexity of the algorithm.) At the same time, the paper designs an AR scenic spot tour guide system. It tests the performance of the system. The results show that the initial response speed of the improved probability algorithm is 0.69 s, the average response time is 4 s when the number of concurrent users is finally increased to 600, and the growth rate is about 0.006 s. The improved algorithm can obviously enhance the response speed. |
212748770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-16T09:09:57.193Z | 2020-01-14T00:00:00.000Z | A Study of Airline Fuel Planning Optimization Using R-Ga
In this study, airline planning optimization problem based on ferry strategy was considered. Cost was the study objective function subject to forty equality and inequality constraints. Regression analysis as well a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to solve the problem. The mathematical relationship between flight fuel consumption and flight time was established using regression analysis, while GA was used for the optimization. The established mathematical model was used to predict the fuel consumption for the twenty scheduled flight consider based on their respective flight time. The result was found to be satisfactory, as optimal fuel lift plan was achieved in approximately twenty seconds of program run time, as against the large time usually spend using human effort to solve the fuel planning problem. The optimized fuel lift plan was compared with the actual fuel lift plan executed by the airline for the twenty scheduled flight considered. The result revealed thirty percent savings using the optimized plan in comparison to the actual fuel lift plan executed by the airline. |
210947270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-30T20:07:41.635Z | 2020-01-28T00:00:00.000Z | Influence of Prior and Intercurrent Brain Injury on 5-Year Outcome Trajectories After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Objective: To characterize the influence of additional (both prior and subsequent) traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on recovery after a moderate to severe index TBI. Setting: Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems centers. Participants: Persons with moderate to severe TBI (N = 5054) enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database with complete outcome data for the outcomes of interest at 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal data set. Main Measures: Prior and intercurrent TBI from the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results: Prior moderate-severe TBIs significantly predicted overall level of functioning on the DRS, FIM Cognitive, and FIM Motor for participants with less severe index injuries. Moderate-severe intercurrent TBIs (TBIs subsequent to the index injury) were predictive of poorer functioning for both Index Severity groups, reflected in higher mean scores on the DRS in participants with less severe index injuries and lower mean Cognitive FIM in participants with more severe index injuries. Conclusion: Multiple brain injuries, particularly those of moderate or greater severity, have a significantly greater impact on patients' level of functioning compared with a single injury, but not the rate or shape of recovery. |
35809450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:58:22.991Z | 2004-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Warming your heart: the energy solution.
Citron (2002) probably sums it up best when he states that generosity is the best strategy for corporate prosperity. He believes that the love you get from others as a person and a corporation is equal to the love you extend to others. It's really about creating communities of caring and missions of inclusiveness. And the way to make this all happen is to continually recharge our batteries by staying close to the beautiful stories of our organization that will undeniably warm our hearts and give us the energy to be generous. |
110931250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:03:48.988Z | 1989-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Modelling Gas Turbine Combustor Flow Fields in Isothermal Flow Experiments
Future designs of gas turbine combustors will demand an increasingly detailed understanding of their internal flow structure. Acquisition of complete velocity field information in realistic combustor geometries under burning conditions is, however, extremely difficult, if not impossible, and recourse will always be made to the study of isothermal, constant density systems. Exact similarity between isothermal and combusting flows is clearly not possible. A question is therefore raised as to the most suitable way in which an isothermal experiment may be tailored to make it as closely as possible a simulation of the equivalent burning flow. This is the issue addressed in this paper. A can-type combustor geometry is studied; this includes a swirler-driven primary zone and two rows of radially inflowing jets. Two flow splits are considered to simulate the burning flow in a geometrically similar combustor with transply walls for cooling. The first split simulates swirler-total and primary-dilution flow ratios. The second split concentrates on swirler-primary and dilution-cross-flow ratios. Laser Doppler anemometry measurements and flow visualizations obtained in a plexiglass water model show that the first flow split results in atypical and totally unsuitable flow patterns for modelling the burning flow. The second flow split produces much improved flow patterns in both primary and dilution zones. Measurements of both axial and swirl velocity components are provided to demonstrate the acceptability of the resulting flow structure. |
136465170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:09:07.193Z | 2002-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Strengthening of Ceramics by Shot Peening
Non-transformation toughened ceramics show the typical brittle material behavior of failure before deformation at room temperature. Thus, strengthening of ceramics due to deformation induced compressive residual stresses has been thought to be not possible. Nevertheless, preliminary investigations had shown that, using ceramic-specific parameters, shot peening can introduce high compressive residual stresses into the near-surface region of silicon nitride which improve the load capacity. The aim of the presented investigation was to improve the shot peening conditions in order to increase the amount of compressive residual stresses while maintaining the surface integrity. The materials investigated where alumina and silicon nitride, the properties determined where residual stresses, load capacity and topography. The results show that high compressive residual stresses in the GPa-range can be introduced in silicon nitride and alumina which may boost the load capacity of the near surface layers by a factor of up to 9. Only little effect on the surface integrity could be obtained. |
20231420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:13:49.651Z | 1975-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [The effect of synthetic derivatives of testosterone on the activity of acid proteinases, DNA-ase and RNA-ase in the liver and serum of female rats].
A study was made of the effect of a 30-day administration of various doses of testosterone-propionate and methyltestosterone to intact female rats given a ration rich in protein on the activity of acid DNA-ase, RNA-ase and proteinases in the liver and the blood serum. The ration itself, rich in proteins, increased the activity of acid RNA in the liver of rats and gave a significant seasonal variations in the activity of RNA-ase and proteinases. Administration of the same doses (1 mg daily) of testosterone-propionate or methyltestosterone produced a different effect on the nuclease metabolism. In the first case there was observed a reduction of the RNA-ase activity, and in the second--of the DNA-ase. Possibly this partially explained a different extent of anabolic properties of these two androgens. An increase in the dose of methyltestosterone to 5 mg, on the contrary, produced activation of RNA-ase in the liver and the blood serum, which could promote the manifestation of catabolic properties. |
23624000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:32:50.237Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Rationale for performing MR Imaging before Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Abstract Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. Design : Prospective study of 58 consecutive patients with biochemically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent preoperative MRI. Setting : The setting is a referral centre. Patients : Fifty-six of the 58 consecutive patients (41 women, 17men) were studied by both preoperative MRI and 99mTC MIBI scintigraphy, and two by MRI alone. The same surgeon, using the information from both MRI and 99mTC MIBI, performed surgery in 58 patients, including 19 with a history of neck surgery. Initial interpretation of each MR study was done independently by one radiologist and the surgeon and then results were compared. At surgery, the operative duration, the precise anatomical location, weight, and dimensions as well as complete histopathological evaluations of all excised glands were recorded. Main outcome measure : In addition to the prospective assessment of MRI, this study compared performance of MRI with double-phase 99mTC MIBI scintigraphy for preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. Results : All patients became normocalcaemic after surgery. MRI and 99mTC MIBI imaging revealed 53 of 58 (91%) and 47 of 56 (84%) of abnormal glands, respectively. Sensitivities of MRI and 99mTC MIBI were respectively 94.3 and 88.0. Positive predictive values were 96.15 and 93.60. When MRI and 99mTC MIBI were interpreted together, the sensitivity and positive predictive values both raised to 98.10. Median operative duration was 30 minutes (ranges 20–300 minutes, mean 65). Conclusion : MRI has better sensitivity and positive predictive value than 99mTC MIBI scintigraphy for the detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. The combination of the two studies provides an additional increase in sensitivity and positive predictive value leading to a more precise anatomical localization of the abnormal parathyroid glands reducing both the extent of the surgical dissection and the operative duration. |
14594450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-07-06T21:03:06.000Z | 2014-10-18T00:00:00.000Z | TRAM: Optimizing Fine-Grained Communication with Topological Routing and Aggregation of Messages
Fine-grained communication in supercomputing applications often limits performance through high communication overhead and poor utilization of network bandwidth. This paper presents Topological Routing and Aggregation Module (TRAM), a library that optimizes fine-grained communication performance by routing and dynamically combining short messages. TRAM collects units of fine-grained communication from the application and combines them into aggregated messages with a common intermediate destination. It routes these messages along a virtual mesh topology mapped onto the physical topology of the network. TRAM improves network bandwidth utilization and reduces communication overhead. It is particularly effective in optimizing patterns with global communication and large message counts, such as all-to-all and many-to-many, as well as sparse, irregular, dynamic or data dependent patterns. We demonstrate how TRAM improves performance through theoretical analysis and experimental verification using benchmarks and scientific applications. We present speedups on petascale systems of 6x for communication benchmarks and up to 4x for applications. |
58616850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-23T23:20:43.798Z | 1994-11-28T00:00:00.000Z | Estimate the loss and tail probabilities for multimedia communication systems
In this paper, we study the performance of integrated services ATM multiplexers in terms of their loss performance. We model voice sources as ON-OFF processes, video sources with uniform activity level as a birth-death process and the arrival process from the aggregation of data sources as a Poisson process with a general bulk size distribution. We show that the integration of these processes belongs to the family of batch Markovian arrival processes (BMAP). We investigate an approximation which matches the original model to a two-state batch arrival Markov modulated Poisson process (BMMPP). We investigate the queue length distribution with particular emphasis on tail probabilities. We develop a fast solution for the asymptotic tail based on the Z-transform which is a very good approximation. The work also provides a simple way to calculate the loss probability for correlated arrivals. The results show that the proposed model has greatly reduced complexity while retaining reasonably accurate performance prediction. |
11922200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:27:30.035Z | 1980-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | A comparison of three strategies for teaching object names.
Researchers in applied behavior analysis have been charged to provide large-scale demonstration of the outcomes of evaluations. In this research, three experiences were conducted to examine the relative efficacy of three methods of presenting stimuli in object naming tasks. Stimuli were introduced successively, simultaneously, or using a combination of the two procedures. College adults, mentally retarded children and adolescents, and preschool children were taught to produce the names of five Hebrew letters, English words, or American coins, respectively. Presentation method was a between-subjects treatment in a factorial design. Results from the series of systematic replications were consistent showing better posttest for subjects in the Simultaneous and Combined conditions. Further, follow-up data in Experiment III showed that retention was also superior for subjects trained by the Simultaneous or Combined methods. Although the acquisition criterion was met in fewer trials by subjects in the Successive condition, only several minutes more training time was required by the Simultaneous and Combined conditions. From a cost-effectiveness point of view, either of the latter two techniques should be favored over the Successive procedure for testing verbal naming skills. |
10629050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:15:45.505Z | 2002-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Identification of the Bacterial Microflora in Dairy Products by Temporal Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
ABSTRACT Numerous microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds, are present in cheeses, forming a complex ecosystem. Among these organisms, bacteria are responsible for most of the physicochemical and aromatic transformations that are intrinsic to the cheesemaking process. Identification of the bacteria that constitute the cheese ecosystem is essential for understanding their individual contributions to cheese production. We used temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) to identify different bacterial species present in several dairy products, including members of the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. The TTGE technique is based on electrophoretic separation of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments by using a temperature gradient. It was optimized to reveal differences in the 16S rDNA V3 regions of bacteria with low-G+C-content genomes. Using multiple control strains, we first set up a species database in which each species (or group of species) was characterized by a specific TTGE fingerprint. TTGE was then applied to controlled dairy ecosystems with defined compositions, including liquid (starter), semisolid (home-made fermented milk), and solid (miniature cheese models) matrices. Finally, the potential of TTGE to describe the bacterial microflora of unknown ecosystems was tested with various commercial dairy products. Subspecies, species, or groups of species of lactic acid bacteria were distinguished in dairy samples. In conclusion, TTGE was shown to distinguish bacterial species in vitro, as well as in both liquid and solid dairy products. |
49190750 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-06-14T00:32:08.575Z | 2018-05-11T00:00:00.000Z | Dynamic programming for solving unit commitment and security problems in microgrid systems
In order to meet the demand of electrical energy by consumers, utilities have to maintain the security of the system. This paper presents a design of the Microgrid Central Energy Management System (MCEMS). It will plan operation of the system one-day advance. The MCEMS will adjust itself during operation if a fault occurs anywhere in the generation system. The proposed approach uses Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm solves the Unit Commitment (UC) problem and at the same time enhances the security of power system. A case study is performed with ten subsystems. The DP is used to manage the operation of the subsystems and determines the UC on the situation demands. Faults are applied to the system and the DP corrects the UC problem with appropriate power sources to maintain reliability supply. The MATLAB software has been used to simulate the operation of the system. |
14680800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-07-13T20:20:30.000Z | 2006-03-13T00:00:00.000Z | Groupanizer: a method to correlate multi-users position with daily moments
Groupanizer is an extension of groupware and constitutes a development platform to integrate user-centric information for the benefit of groupware applications. User-centric context is used in a collaborative manner to positively link and reinforce group member idiosyncrasies. In order to do so, monitoring of the user's daily context is essential, and thus, one aspect we aim at integrating is user physical position. We believe that common visited places and trajectories constitute one user-centric element that should be used to bias transactions - namely tasks or scheduling - in groupware. Although physical location could by itself be integrated in a model, we believe that motion behaviors are intrinsically linked to moments of daily life. We define those moments using three context elements - a time period, an activity and the current day. This definition leverages position mapping to include its implicit nature. Essentially, the aim is for our model to ideally reflect a group's ecology, namely relations between multiple users given their current and future locations. This paper defines the ontology, mapping locations and moments among users, and the hidden Markov model used to derive location patterns. Finally, it describes the experimentation phase and its results |
7278250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:39:09.177Z | 2004-08-16T00:00:00.000Z | Early clinical experience with risperidone long-acting injection: a prospective, 6-month follow-up of 100 patients.
BACKGROUND
The use of risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) is reasonably well supported by controlled studies. Little is known about treatment outcomes in patients receiving RLAI in clinical practice.
METHOD
All prescribers in the South London and Maudsley Trust, London, United Kingdom, were informed that RLAI could be ordered for suitable patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder: those known to be noncompliant with oral atypical antipsychotics and those intolerant of the adverse effects of conventional depot antipsychotics. Prescribers provided treatment and clinical progress data at the time of each prescription. Data collected included reason for prescribing RLAI, Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI) score, inpatient or out-patient status, and details of all medications prescribed. All treatment discontinuations were investigated. The study was conducted from August 2002 to August 2003.
RESULTS
Outcome could be determined for 100 subjects. Seventy-nine subjects (79%) were hospitalized when RLAI was initially prescribed. Mean duration of stay before RLAI initiation was 97 days (range, 0-1492 days). Most subjects were switched to RLAI from oral atypical (58%) or conventional depot (28%) antipsychotics. The main reason given for prescribing RLAI was poor patient acceptability of previous treatments (79%). Overall, 51% of the subjects discontinued RLAI. The main reason for discontinuation was lack of effect (24 subjects). No patient-related factor predicted outcome. CGI scores improved from a mean of 4.7 to 3.6 over the study period (p <.001). Overall, 61 subjects (61%) showed an improvement in CGI scores between baseline and endpoint. Antipsychotic coprescriptions were reduced from 71% of subjects to 8%. In completers, 23 (61%) of 38 subjects beginning RLAI as inpatients were discharged. The modal dose of RLAI was 25 mg every 2 weeks.
CONCLUSION
RLAI was moderately effective in clinical practice as judged by attrition from treatment. CGI score changes and discharge rates also suggest moderate effectiveness. RLAI was well tolerated. Antipsychotic coprescription was infrequent. |
4970550 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-27T03:28:05.899Z | 2017-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Design and Fabrication of Implantable Neural Probes with Monolithically Integrated Light-Emitting Diodes for Optogenetic Applications.
We report an implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and recording site for optogenetic applications. The device were designed and fabricated with 2-inch gallium nitride on silicon epitaxial wafer. The neural probe consisted of three μLEDs (a mesa size of 310 × 41 mm2) and four electrical recording sites, which had a total length of 6.72 mm (PCB bonding region + implanting region). The designed implantable neural probe was successfully processed by the conventional LED fabrication and Si microfabrcation. These methods can offer relatively rapid and easy fabrication. For fabricated μLEDs, the optical and electrical properties were measured and characterized. At 1 mA, the emission wavelength was around 460 nm and it was slightly blue-shifted with the increase of injection current. Also, the optical power density was about 1 mW/mm2 at an electrical input power of 3.5 mW, and it was increased to 6.3 mW/mm2 at 24 mW. |
58576050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-22T22:28:35.968Z | 2016-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | [The laboratory evaluation of dynamics of progression of liver fibrosis under chronic hepatitis].
The study was carried out to evaluate velocity of development of fibrosis of liver in patients with chronic hepatitis C using laboratory tests. The sampling of 150 patients with chronic hepatitis C were examined to analyze blood serum in phase of reactivation detecting concentration of hyaluronic acid, alpha-fetoprotein, iron, ferritin, vascular endothelial risk factor, malonic dialdehyde and activity of catalase. The degree of fibrosis of liver was evaluated using technique of ultrasound elastography. The velocity of development of fibrosis of liver was calculated as ratio of fibrosis (in points) to duration of infection (in years). The velocity of development of fibrosis of liver in group with slow rate of progression of disease made up in average 0.01±0.04 points per year and in the group with fast rate of progression of chronic hepatitis C - 0.45±0.34 points per year (p<0.001). In the group of patients with high velocity of development of fibrosis of liver were registered reliably higher values of density of liver (p<0.001). The fast velocity of development of fibrosis of liver was accompanied by increasing of serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (p<0.001), alpha-fetoprotein (p=0.04), iron (p=0.03), ferritin (p=0.03) and decreasing of activity of catalase (p=0.04). The correlation analysis substantiated availability of reliable direct relationships of rate of progression of fibrosis with duration of disease (r=0.27, p=0.01), density of liver (r=0.86; p<0.001), hyaluronic acid (r=0.59; p<0.001), alpha-fetoprotein (r=0.23; p=0.04), ferritin (r=0.23; p=0.04), vascular endothelial risk factor (r=0.21; p=0.04). The association of increased serum levels of hyaluronic acid, alpha-fetoprotein, vascular endothelial risk factor, iron, ferritin and low activity of catalase with fast velocity of development of fibrosis of liver can be recommended as additional criteria of evaluation of rate of progression of fibrosis under chronic hepatitis C. |
61821100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-15T14:17:54.165Z | 1995-09-27T00:00:00.000Z | Technical and Regulatory Aspects of Satellite Personal Communication Networks (S- PCN), Particularly
The electronic and radio equipment technology has made it possible to communicate by means of hand-held terminals directly via satellite. Networks, in which such a service will be offered, are called Satellite Personal Communication Networks. Several S-PCN operators, e.g. Ellipso, Globalstar, ICO-P, Iridium and Odyssey, prepare to start operation within a few years from now. Standardisation bodies and telecommunication authorities are challenged to provide the regulatory framework in time. |
123277700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-20T13:03:53.224Z | 1996-06-12T00:00:00.000Z | BEAMS cloud model for high-fidelity simulations
The BEAMS (battlefield emission and multiple scattering) model is a 26-stream radiative transfer algorithm for the prediction of diffuse radiance in finite 3D non-uniform aerosol clouds. It has been developed by the US Army Research Laboratory as a visualization tool that satisfies the need for visual simulations to show realistic variation of a cloud with varying viewing angle, cloud geometry, optical depth, and external incident radiation.Uses of this high fidelity model for simulating propagation effects in a realistic 3D terrain environment are shown. Examples are shown in the visible wavelength for both daytime scenarios and nighttime scenarios (where the cloud is artificially illuminated by flares). Other examples are shown for infrared wavelengths, which use the GTSIMS model for terrain radiance prediction. Performance issues of cloud rendering are also discussed, including modeling the cloud with performer billboards on the silicon graphics computers. |
225747650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-11T09:08:48.292Z | 2020-06-17T00:00:00.000Z | YOUTH LEISURE ACTIVITIES: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SPLIT (CROATIA)
The study of leisure is one of the most significant phenomena studied by sociology and other social sciences in recent decades. Leisure time can be defined as the time that a person has after fulfilling all his/her professional, familiar, social and physiological obligations, and creates it according to his/her own desires, possibilities and abilities. It is a particularly important segment of the daily life of young people as they are expected to arrange the most of their free time for their own growth and development. Most authors who study the concept of leisure time emphasize that it must satisfy three functions in the life of young people: rest, leisure and personal development. Thus, leisure is the time that is set aside to fulfill one's personal needs and choices, which does not include the fulfillment of formal obligations. It should provide young people with fun, opportunities to socialize, to learn new skills, and to be active in the life of their local community. Therefore, most of them emphasize that leisure is an important distraction from stress and allows people to rest from everyday worries. The aim of this research is to examine the ways in which students spend their leisure time and activities and how they arrange them according to their obligations at the faculty. Activities are divided into: sports, entertainment, cultural and educational. The specific aim of the research is to determine if there are statistically significant differences between male and female. The survey was conducted on a sample of 428 students of the University of Split at 12 different faculties during April 2019. Most respondents have up to four hours of leisure time per day. There is a slightly higher percentage of those expressing dissatisfaction with the amount of free time. Almost all respondents surf the internet daily and spend time on social networks, while only a third of them watch television every day. Among other activities, students attend night clubs and cafes in the largest percentage, while almost half of the respondents attend cultural events (usually sport events, cinemas and concerts) only 1 to 2 times a year. A significant number of respondents are engaged in sports activities (such as recreational activities and going to the gym) daily or several times a week. There is also a significantly small number of respondents who spend their free time being engaged in additional educational activities (courses, workshops...). Leisure time also includes interactions with other people. Respondents thus spend most of their free time interacting with friends on a daily basis and are extremely satisfied with their relationships with them. Finally, research has shown that leisure activities affect students' quality of life and their satisfaction with it. |
164968150 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-26T14:35:37.114Z | 1998-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Trade, Commodities, and Shipping in the Medieval Mediterranean , by David Jacoby. (Variorum Collected Studies Series) 340 pages, b&w illustrations and maps, notes, index. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1997. $94.95 (Cloth) ISBN 0-86078-620-X
Western halves (occasionally referred to in this volume) goes back to early Armenian history and in many ways explains the complexities and contradictions of modern Armenian identity, mentality, and outlook. Nonetheless, this is a solid pioneering effort. The Armenian People is the best and most extensive narrative in English of the Armenian experience and will be an indispensable source for a long time to come. |
230550700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-12-10T09:06:33.558Z | 2020-12-07T00:00:00.000Z | Foliar summer frost resistance measured via electrolyte leakage approach as related to plant distribution, community composition and plant traits
1. Frost resistance (FR) is a fundamental process determining various aspects of plant life. Measurements of FR remain challenging as existing methods are time-and labour-intensive. 2. Here, we test the applicability of foliar summer FR measured via the ‘electrolyte leakage’ approach (FR PEL ), a simple and inexpensive technique so far underused in ecological research to estimate FR. We tested the ability of this trait to predict (a) species occurrence, (b) community composition along an elevation gradient and (c) analysed its relationship with nine other traits (SLA, C mass , N mass , P mass , Ca mass , Mg mass , K mass , canopy height and the ability to form rosettes) related to plant performance. We studied 183 vascular species occurring at 37 sites, which we also analysed in terms of species composition along an elevation gradient from 656 to 2,363 m a.s.l. in the Bavarian Alps, Germany. 3. Species' FR PEL values correlated significantly with the species occurrence along the elevation gradient. However, this relationship was weak as it explained only 10% in the |
1472850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:14:24.353Z | 1978-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Transitivity of response in the mixed lymphocyte culture test.
We present a model of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response which assumes one specificity per locus. It also assumes that an animal A will fail to stimulate animal B if, and only if, the set of specificities possessed by A is a subset of the set of specificities in B. The last assumption implies that non-stimulation is transitive; that is, if A does not stimulate B, and B does not stimulate C, then A will not stimulate C. The inclusion of antigenic sets can be used to partially order the animals in a hierarchy. Partial ordering can detect multiple lymphocyte-defined (LD) loci with relative ease; it indicates the number of antigens present in particular individuals; and it detects exceptions to the rule of transitivity which may expose immune response genes, minor loci, or other mechanisms that affect MLC response. This analytical procedure is most useful when testing half-sib families or hybrids sharing a common parental strain. We have applied this procedure to the MLC in cattle half-sib families and found that the data strongly support the existence of at least four LD loci. |
119021820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-17T15:50:52.670Z | 2010-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Natural History in the Dark: Seriality and the Electric Discharge in Victorian Physics
One of the two evening lectures at the jubilee meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1881 was delivered by the printer, stationer, mathematician, and electrical experimenter William Spottiswoode. The meeting marked the triumphant return of the British Association for the Advancement of Science to York, the site of its founding fifty years before, and Spottiswoode’s stature as President of the Royal Society was commensurate with the occasion. He chose to discourse upon “The electric discharge, its forms and functions”. Throughout the lecture he pressed his claim that even though electric discharges — not just sparks but the many other intricate luminous forms that appeared when electricity passed across a gap between two conductors — might appear to occur instantaneously, this was actually an optical illusion. With ingenious optical instruments and exquisite observational techniques, he explained, any discharge could now be seen to be made up of a number of separable events or phases, taking place “in a certain order or sequence of time”. He had spent much of the previous decade teasing out the stages of this progressive sequence as best he could, in his study of a phenomenon known as the “stratified discharge”. When high-voltage electricity was applied across a glass tube from which most of the air had been evacuated, it caused different parts of the tube to emit light. Under certain conditions, the luminosity inside the tube was broken up into a mysteriously regular series of separate regions of light and dark (Figure 1). The individual bands of light that glimmered in the vacuum tube were known to physicists as “strata” or “striae”. Spottiswoode’s own research had dramatized the arduous passage of an electrical disturbance, in repeated fits and starts, from one end of an evacuated tube to another, in discrete leaps from one stratum to the next. In the lecture at York he complemented his narration with demonstrations of glowing vacuum tubes in action, and photographs of intricate discharge forms projected onto a screen with an electric lantern. The very future of electrical physics, he suggested, would depend upon finding ways to peer into tiny intervals of time whose minuteness seemed beyond comprehension: |
10445470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:11:35.259Z | 1997-11-24T00:00:00.000Z | Associations between neuropeptide Y nerve terminals and intraparenchymal microvessels in rat and human cerebral cortex
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) can influence local brain perfusion, possibly via direct relationships with the microvascular bed. To evaluate this possibility, the authors quantitatively analyzed by light and electron microscopy the morphological associations between immunostained NPY neuronal elements and intraparenchymal microvessels in the rat and human cerebral cortex. At the light microscopic level in the rat frontoparietal cortex, about 16% of NPY neurons and large proximal processes as well as a subset of nerve terminals not affected by double sympathectomy were associated with penetrating arterioles and local microvessels. In human temporal cortex, a dense network of NPY nerve fibers was observed, many of which approached and/or contacted intracortical vessels. At the ultrastructural level, 14% of NPY axonal varicosities in the rat cerebral cortex were considered perivascular and associated with capillaries (∼70%) or microarterioles (∼30%). They were particularly enriched in the immediate vicinity (<0.25 μm) of the microvessels, where the perivascular astrocytic leaflets represented a frequent target. In human cerebral cortex, NPY varicosities were observed in proximity to microvessels corresponding primarily to capillaries. Perivascular NPY varicosities never established synaptic junctions with vascular or astroglial elements. The results show that central NPY nerve terminals associate with microvessels and perivascular astroglial cells in the rat and human cerebral cortex. Thus, NPY released from these nerves could possibly influence (via a parasynaptic mode of action) vascular and/or astrocytic functions depending on the distribution of NPY receptors in these cellular compartments. These results provide morphological support for the effects of NPY on brain perfusion and homeostasis. J. Comp. Neurol. 388:444–453, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
26756870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:47:14.072Z | 2011-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Generalized pulp stones: report of a case with 6-year follow-up.
AIM
To present a mildly mentally retarded patient with generalized pulp stone formation and the six-year follow-up and to discuss the differential diagnosis of the case.
SUMMARY
Pulp stones were radiographically detected in the pulp chamber of all permanent teeth in a 25-year-old woman with mild mental retardation who presented for endodontic treatment on tooth no 11 (FDI). The patient's medical, dental and family history was noncontributory. The pulp stone in the pulp chamber of tooth no 11 was removed during canal filing, and root canal treatment completed uneventfully. Six years later, the patient was re-evaluated and the pulp stones were unchanged radiographically. The patient's family history, facial phenotype and karyotype as well as the radiographic, laboratory and physical examination were not consistent with any of the known genetic syndromes associated with generalized pulp stones. Molecular analysis for the DSPP gene proved negative. The aetiology of this case remains unknown.
KEY POINTS
Generalized pulp stones occur rarely; Such patients should be referred for genetic evaluation because pulp stones are mostly associated with genetic dentine defects; Pulp stones may hinder root canal treatment; Pulp stones may remain unchanged overtime. |
238581160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-12T06:23:25.747Z | 2021-10-09T00:00:00.000Z | miR-200a-3p represses osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells by targeting ZEB2 and activating the NF-κB pathway
Abstract Objectives Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) bear multilineage differentiation potential and represent the cytological basis of periodontal tissue regeneration. microRNA (miR) is accepted as a critical regulator of cell differentiation. This study explored the molecular mechanism of miR-200a-3p in osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. Material and methods hPDLSCs were cultured and identified in vitro. miR-200a-3p expression during osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was detected. hPDLSCs were transfected with miR-200a-3p mimic or miR-200a-3p inhibitor. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcified nodules and osteogenesis-related genes of hPDLSCs were measured. The binding relationship between miR-200a-3p and ZEB2 was predicted and verified. hPDLSCs were infected with sh-ZEB2, and then the osteogenic capacity was examined. miR-200a-3p inhibitor-transfected hPDLSCs were infected with sh-ZEB2. The key proteins of the NF-κB pathway were measured. Results miR-200a-3p expression was downregulated during osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Upregulation of miR-200a-3p reduced ALP activity, calcified nodules and osteogenesis-related genes of hPDLSCs, while downregulation of miR-200a-3p facilitated the osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. miR-200a-3p targeted ZEB2. ZEB2 silencing repressed osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. ZEB2 silencing attenuated the promoting effect of miR-200a-3p inhibitor on osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. miR-200a-3p activated the NF-κB pathway by targeting ZEB2. Conclusion miR-200a-3p repressed osteogenesis of hPDLSCs by targeting ZEB2 and activating the NF-κB pathway. This study may offer insights for periodontal tissue regeneration engineering. |
247962060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-04-06T15:19:00.155Z | 2022-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | The semilinear elliptic equations with double weighted critical exponents
In this paper, we focus on the equation with double weighted critical exponents, including Hardy–Sobolev, Sobolev, and Hénon–Sobolev critical exponents. Applying the Nehari manifold and the mountain pass theorem, we prove the existence of the ground state solutions for the equation in [Formula: see text]. Based on this fact, the positive solutions of the equation on the unit ball in [Formula: see text] are established. |
17217510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-10-14T09:01:21.650Z | 1983-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Interaction of Pentobarbital and Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
The effect of pentobarbital sodium was studied in both rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm and rat sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius preparations. It was found that pentobarbital produced twitch depression leading to a complete neuromuscular blockade. The pentobarbital-induced neuromuscular depression was significantly enhanced by d-tubocurarine, succinylcholine and hemicholinium. In chronically denervated muscle, pentobarbital also suppressed acetylcholine (ACh)-contracture. The mechanism of neuromuscular blockade produced by pentobarbital may be (a) reduction of ACh release from motor nerve ending or (b) decrease sensitivity of motor end-plate to Ach. |
13337960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:37:14.078Z | 1998-03-21T00:00:00.000Z | The dynamics of maternal-effect selfish genetic elements.
Maternal-effect selfish genes such as Medea or Scat act to kill progeny that do not bear a copy of the selfish gene present in the mother. Previous models of this system allowed for two types of allele, the selfish (killer) type and the sensitive (susceptible) wild-type. These models predict that the invasion conditions of the selfish allele are quite broad and that if invasion is possible a high frequency equilibrium is to be expected. The selfish element is therefore predicted to persist. Here a hypothetical third allele that neither kills nor is killed (i.e. insensitive) is considered. Such an allele could enter a population by recombination, mutation or migration. The incorporation of this third allele profoundly affects the dynamics of the system and, under some parameter values, it is possible for the spread of the insensitive allele to lead, eventually, to the fixation of the wild-type allele (reversible evolution). This is most likely if the death of progeny provides no direct benefit to the surviving sibs (i.e. in the absence of fitness compensation), as in insects without gregarious broods. Under these circumstances the selfish element cannot spread when infinitely rare, only after having risen to some finite frequency. A fitness cost to bearing the killer allele then causes its loss. However, if fitness compensation is found (e.g. in placental mammals) the invasion of the selfish element from an infinitely low level is possible for a wide range of costs and both stable coexistences of all three alleles and limit cycles of all three are then found. It is therefore to be expected that in mammals selfish maternal-effect genes are more likely both to spread and to persist than in insects, due to their different levels of fitness compensation. |
28722870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:15:36.691Z | 1978-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Ossification of the coracoclavicular ligaments (author's transl)].
Joint-like connections between clavicula and coracoid process are rarely diagnosed. In routine radiological examinations of the thorax, the authors found a posttraumatic ossification of the coracoclavicular ligament in four patients. This phenomenon can occasionally be the cause of shoulder pain. The anatomy and pathogenesis are described, with x-ray film examples, on the basis of four cases. |
7859920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-10T23:25:34.156Z | 2017-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Air-filled substrate integrated waveguide: A low cost self-packadged technological platform for high performance millimeterwave circuits
This paper presents the recently proposed air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) which offers a high performance technological platform for the design of self-packaged millimeterwave components and systems. AFSIW is based on low-cost multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process. Its performances surpasses its dielectric-filled SIW counterpart in term of transmission loss and power handling. Numerous millimeterwave passive devices operating up to 60 GHz have been studied and experimentally demonstrated. This technology is expected to contribute to the democratization of future millimeterwave extremely high data rate communications and highly sensitive sensors. |
54438720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-04T14:49:14.248Z | 2018-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Encoded Texture Features to Characterize Bone Radiograph Images
Osteoporosis is the most common reason that causes the fracture among the elderly. For the purpose of convenience and safety, 2D texture analysis has been used to diagnose osteoporosis. In this study, a supervised method using proposed texture features to identify osteoporotic cases from healthy was proposed. We designed two groups of new features, Encoded GLCM and Encoded LBP, each of which contains two subgroups through encoding the Gabor and Hessian information into the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features and Local Binary Patterns (LBP) features respectively. These two groups of features, together with the raw feature group containing the GLCM and LBP features, totally 560 features, were categorized into various groups and used to train the Random Forest classifier. Classification performances using these features were compared inter-and intra-groups/subgroups. And the performance using each individual feature was also provided. We conducted feature selection based on Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) inside a voting scheme to further increase the efficiency. The inter-and intra-groups/subgroups results indicate that the Encoded GLCM and Encoded LBP, are more discriminative than the raw GLCM and LBP features for the identification of the osteoporosis; The best individual feature is from the Encoded LBP group and can achieve 70% of balanced accuracy; Furthermore, using only ten of the proposed features through feature selection, the balanced accuracy can even be improved from 60% to 71%. This shows that the proposed method is promising to assist the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. |
31087270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-21T09:37:46.028Z | 1971-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Virilizing adrenal carcinoma in two sibs.
Though the familial occurrence of virilization associated with hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex has long been established, there have been only two reports of the familial aggregation of virilizing adrenal carcinoma. It is the purpose of the present communication to describe a family in which 2 sibs, who were products of a consanguineous marriage, had virilizing tumours ofthe adrenal cortex proved histologically. |
19299620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:27:50.258Z | 1998-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Coexistence of Pemphigus vulgaris and herpes simplex virus infection in oral mucosa diagnosed by cytology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction
A case of Pemphigus vulgaris concurrent with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a 53‐yr‐old female is described, in which the diagnosis was based on oral scraping cytology. Two populations of abnormal cells were identified in the oral smear. One abnormal cell population was characterized by the presence of numerous single cells and sheets and smaller aggregates of loosely cohesive epithelial cells that appeared to have only a few points of intercellular attachment. A second population of abnormal cells showed characteristic signs of HSV infections such as ground‐glass nuclear appearance and multinucleation. Subsequently, diagnosis of HSV infections based on polymerase chain reaction was applied to identify the specific DNA for HSV type 1 in the Papanicolaou specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which the coexistence of Pemphigus vulgaris and HSV infection in the oral mucosa was established by cytologic diagnosis. This is discussed in view of our recent experience with this unusual oral lesion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;19:446–450. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
221917770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-09-26T13:05:57.176Z | 2020-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | A case of extragenital linear lichen sclerosus along the lines of Blaschko responding to methotrexate.
Lichen sclerosus, a rare, chronic, inflammatory, mucocutaneous disorder of the genital and extragenital skin, is usually asymptomatic and affects both sexes. The exact cause of lichen sclerosus is unknown. Extragenital lichen sclerosus may be localized or disseminated. Linear extragenital lichen sclerosis following the lines of Blaschko is an exceptionally rare form. A 66-year-old female patient presented with a sclerotic plaque extending from the dorsum of the right hand toward the elbow. The lesion first appeared on the right hand but spread toward the elbow within 1 year. The histological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. We therefore diagnosed extragenital linear lichen sclerosus and achieved a good response with methotrexate. |
51882760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-07-31T13:07:01.204Z | 2018-07-09T00:00:00.000Z | Artificial Emotions as Dynamic Modulators of Individual and Group Behavior in Multi-robot System
We propose a model for adaptation and implicit coordination in multi-robot systems based on the definition of artificial emotions, which play two main roles: modulators of individual robot behavior, and means of communication among different robots for system-level social coordination. We model emotions as compressed representations of a robot's internal state that are subject to a dynamics influenced by internal and external conditions; they can be efficiently exposed to nearby robots, allowing to achieve local, group-level behavior adaptation and modulation, with minimal computational and bandwidth requirements. |
252165660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-09-10T13:51:51.820Z | 2021-10-16T00:00:00.000Z | Athena: a 192-Channel Analog Pulse Processing and Data Acquisition Platform
The low-noise readout of large pixellated detectors, especially when the number grows into the hundreds, represents a challenge for both front-end and back-end electronics. The TRISTAN project for keV-scale sterile neutrino search is planning to install a 3486-pixel Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) matrix into KATRIN experiment spectrometer. The matrix will be divided into 21 modules of 166 monolithical SDDs each. In this paper, we present Athena, a 192-channel Analog Pulse Processing and Data Acquisition platform that will be used for the characterisation of the TRISTAN detectors. The analog processing operations are carried out by the SFERA ASIC, that is tasked with the signal shaping and multiplexing, while the Kerberos platform manages the events acquisition. The back-end operations are performed by Athena platform, that acts as global trigger and event builder for up to 4 Kerberos. Athena provides a compact and scalable multi-channel solution for large SDD arrays, making possible the simultaneous readout of all 166 pixels of its target detector with a 60 MB/s maximum output data rate. |
121344160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-19T13:05:12.244Z | 1999-05-10T00:00:00.000Z | Detection and Velocities of Hα Emission Regions in Stephan's Quintet
We present observations of Hα emission of Stephan's Quintet obtained with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer and samplings of ~11 km s-1 and ~1''. Our observations show an intragroup arclike feature formed of bright Hα knots and diffuse gas distributed along tidal tails associated with NGC 7318B and possibly also NGC 7318A. New velocities for 23 emitting regions detected along the Hα structure are presented. South of NGC 7318B, along a path covering ~12 h−175 kpc, H II regions with velocities ranging from 5540 to 6700 km s-1 are detected, suggesting that two or more overlapping tidal tails and/or a bow-shock region may have been formed through several interaction events within the group. |
207026910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:09:22.555Z | 2011-08-26T00:00:00.000Z | ‘Less education’ is associated with use and sharing of antiretroviral medications for prophylaxis of HIV infection by US men who have sex with men
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was recently found to reduce HIV infection through sexual contact in men who have sex with men (MSM).1 Non-prescribed use and sharing of ART to prevent HIV infection were reported by MSM in the USA before efficacy was determined.2 We report on demographic factors associated with ART use for prophylaxis purposes prior to known efficacy.
A convenience sample of MSM was enrolled in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York … |
38119210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:14:03.349Z | 2009-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Sleep disturbance experiences among perimenopausal women in Taiwan.
AIM
To generate a descriptive theory framework regarding the experiences of sleep disturbances among perimenopausal women in Taiwan.
BACKGROUND
Although studies show that some perimenopausal women are troubled by sleep problems, little information was found about the subjective experiences of sleep disturbances among these women. Research is required to explore women's feelings or perceptions in dealing with their sleep problems. These understandings will be important to help alleviate perimenopausal women's sleep problems.
DESIGN
A grounded theory research design was applied.
METHOD
Twenty-one Taiwanese sleep disturbed women, aged 46-57 years, participated in in-depth interviews.
RESULTS
'Getting back a good night's sleep' was the core theme for describing and guiding the process of the women's sleep disturbance experiences. During the process, 'disturbed sleep' was identified as the antecedent condition that included subcategories: easy awakening, difficulty falling asleep, inner worries, physical discomfort and genetic and bodily constitution. Analyses showed five categories (some with subcategories) of the sleep disturbed women: (i) worsening health status - physical exhaustion, impaired social interactions, emotional swings and decreased work performance; (ii) living with lonely nights - self-help and endurance; (iii) a search for resources to relieve sleep difficulties - doctor shopping, trying alternative therapies, exercising and seeking support; (iv) vicious cycle and (v) acceptance of insomnia.
CONCLUSIONS
Women expected to relieve their sleep disturbance by finding comprehensive counselling or by their body constitution responding to treatment. Healthcare providers need to value women's individual concerns and subjective voices. Providers must seek out sleep counselling instead of simply prescribing drugs for their sleep difficulties.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
It is crucial to integrate perimenopausal sleep care by implementing a multidimensional approach such as sleep assessment laboratories, sleep counselling, complementary alternative medicine, sleep strategies and support groups. |
33009510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:17:09.813Z | 1994-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Determination of fenbendazole and oxfendazole in liver and muscle using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
A method has been developed for the determination of the anthelmintics fenbendazole and oxfendazole in liver and muscle samples using liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The samples were homogenized with water, sonicated with methanol and centrifuged. The supernatants were washed with light petroleum and extracted with diethyl ether-ethyl acetate. The extracts were evaporated to dryness, dissolved in mobile phase and injected into the LC-MS system. Fenbendazole and oxfendazole were measured separately using two different mobile phases. Single-ion monitoring of the positive ion at m/z 300 was used for fenbendazole and of m/z 316 for oxfendazole. The detection limits for the assay were 0.05 microgram g-1 for fenbendazole and 0.1 microgram g-1 for oxfendazole. The mean recoveries were 91% for fenbendazole and 86% for oxfendazole. The assay has been used for statutory testing purposes and for measuring the levels of fenbendazole and oxfendazole in liver and muscle from sheep after dosing with a commercial anthelmintic containing fenbendazole. |
55207260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-05T12:37:54.878Z | 2004-09-07T00:00:00.000Z | Temporal-spatial structure of magnetic merging at the magnetopause inferred from 557.7-nm all-sky images
Abstract. We demonstrate that high-resolution 557.7-nm all-sky images are useful tools for investigating the spatial and temporal evolution of merging on the dayside magnetopause. Analysis of ground and satellite measurements leads us to conclude that high-latitude merging events can occur at multiple sites simultaneously and vary asynchronously on time scales of 30s to 3min. Variations of 557.7nm emissions were observed at a 10s cadence at Ny-Alesund on 19 December 2001, while significant changes in the IMF clock angle were reaching the magnetopause. The optical patterns are consistent with a scenario in which merging occurs around the rim of the high-latitude cusp at positions dictated by the IMF clock angle. Electrons energized at merging sites represent plausible sources for 557.7nm emissions in the cusp. Polar observations at the magnetopause have directly linked enhanced fluxes of ≥0.5keV electrons with merging. Spectra of electrons responsible for some of the emissions, measured during a DMSP F15 overflight, exhibit "inverted-V" features, indicating further acceleration above the ionosphere. SuperDARN spectral width boundaries, characteristic of open-closed field line transitions, are located at the equatorward edge of the 557.7nm emissions. Optical data suggest that with IMF B Y >0, the Northern Hemisphere cusp divides into three source regions. When the IMF clock angle was ~150° structured 557.7-nm emissions came from east of the 13:00 MLT meridian. At larger clock angles the emissions appeared between 12:00 and 13:00 MLT. No significant 557.7-nm emissions were detected in the prenoon MLT sector. MHD simulations corroborate our scenario, showing that with the observed large dipole-tilt and IMF clock angles, merging sites develop near the front and eastern portions of the high-altitude cusp rim in the Northern Hemisphere and near the western part of the cusp rim in the Southern Hemisphere. |
8706160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2000-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | The determinants of municipal tax rates in British Columbia
In this paper we study the regional pattern of municipal business property tax rates in the province of British Columbia. Reduced-form tax-setting equations produce some evidence that municipal governments respond to tax changes in neighbouring jurisdictions. A joint investigation of the determinants of tax base and municipal taxation decisions, however, reveals that it is difficult to interpret this response as arising primarily out of competition over tax base. There is also some evidence that municipal tax rates are sensitive to taxes set on the same base by super-municipal bodies. |
158616560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-20T13:03:38.689Z | 2018-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | The motivational drivers underlying for-profit venture creation: Comparing social and commercial entrepreneurs
Despite the increase in scholarship on social entrepreneurship over the years, there is a lack of large-scale empirical research from which generalizations about social entrepreneurs can be made. As such, our understanding of these individuals is limited. In particular, we know little about the drivers motivating social entrepreneurs in their quest to create for-profit ventures and whether they differ from those of commercial entrepreneurs. In response to a call to investigate the possibility of such differences, we analyse data from Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II (PSED II) and find evidence to suggest that nascent entrepreneurs seeking to create for-profit social ventures have higher levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and more ambitious goals than their commercial counterparts. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for academics and practitioners. |
9844650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:11:28.951Z | 2008-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | A simple and rapid determination of valproic acid in human plasma using a non-porous silica column and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.
A liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed and validated to determine valproic acid in human plasma. The method involved a solid-phase extraction of valproic acid and betamethasone valerate, an internal standard, from plasma and detection using an LC-MS/MS system with electrospray ionization source in negative ion mode. Separation was achieved within 3 min on a non-porous silica column with mobile phase containing ammonium acetate and methanol. Multiple reaction monitoring was utilized for detection monitoring at 142.89-142.89 for valproic acid and 457.21-457.21 for the internal standard. The calibration curve for valproic acid was linear over the range of 0.5-150 microg/mL. The limit of detection was 0.17 microg/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 0.5 microg/mL, when 0.2 mL plasma was used for extraction. The percentage coefficient of validation for accuracy and precision (inter- and intra-day) for this method was less than 9.5% with recovery ranging from 82.3 to 86.9% for valproic acid. |
34859900 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-17T08:19:03.761Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Dental implants in the diabetic patient: a retrospective study.
It has become increasingly common for controlled diabetic patients to be considered as candidates for dental implants. This study reports on the results of placing implants in 34 patients with diabetes who were treated with 227 Brånemark implants. At the time of second-stage surgery, 214 of the implants had osseointegrated, a survival rate of 94.3%. Only one failure was identified among the 177 implants followed through final restoration, a clinical survival rate of 99.9%. Screening for diabetes and trying to ensure that implant candidates are in metabolic control are recommended to increase the chances of successful osseointegration. Antibiotic protection and avoidance of smoking should also be considered. |
9460300 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-17T09:06:11.278Z | 2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Retrieval of the most relevant facts from data streams joined with slowly evolving dataset published on the Web of Data
Finding the most relevant facts among dynamic and heterogeneous data published on the Web of Data is getting a growing attention in recent years. RDF Stream Processing (RSP) engines offer a baseline solution to integrate and process streaming data with data distributed on the Web. Unfortunately, the time to access and fetch the distributed data can be so high to put the RSP engine at risk of losing reactiveness, especially when the distributed data is slowly evolving. State of the art work addressed this problem by proposing an architectural solution that keeps a local replica of the distributed data and a baseline maintenance policy to refresh it over time. This doctoral thesis is investigating advance policies that let RSP engines continuously answer top-k queries, which require to join data streams with slowly evolving datasets published on the Web of Data, without violating the reactiveness constrains imposed by the users. In particular, it proposes policies that focus on freshing only the data in the replica that contributes to the correctness of the top-k results. |
208337500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-29T14:03:11.266Z | 2019-11-27T00:00:00.000Z | Cardiologists’ and patients’ views about the informed consent process and their understanding of the anticipated treatment benefits of coronary angioplasty: A survey study
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention is a common revascularisation technique. Serious complications are uncommon, but death is one of them. Seeking informed consent in advance of percutaneous coronary intervention is mandatory. Research shows that percutaneous coronary intervention patients have inaccurate perceptions of risks, benefits and alternative treatments. Aim: To assess cardiologists’ and patients’ views about the informed consent process and anticipated treatment benefits. Methods: Two cross-sectional, anonymous surveys were distributed in England: an electronic version to a sample of cardiologists and a paper-based version to patients recruited from 10 centres. Results: A sample of 118 cardiologists and 326 patients completed the surveys. Cardiologists and patients shared similar views on the purpose of informed consent; however, over 40% of patients and over a third of cardiologists agreed with statements that patients do not understand, or remember, the information given to them. Patients placed less value than cardiologists on the consent process and over 60% agreed that patients depended on their doctor to make the decision for them. Patients’ and cardiologists’ views on the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention were significantly different; notably, 60% of patients mistakenly believed that percutaneous coronary intervention was curative. Conclusions: The percutaneous coronary intervention informed consent process requires improvement to ensure that patients are more involved and accurately understand treatment benefits to make an informed decision. Redesign of the patient pathway is recommended to allow protected time for health professionals to engage in discussions using evidence-based approaches such as ‘teach back’ and decision support which improve patient comprehension. |
209731370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-14T17:05:56.301Z | 2020-01-21T00:00:00.000Z | Construction of a 1-D Sm(iii) coordination polymer with a long-chain Schiff base ligand: dual-emissive response to metal ions
A 1-D coordination polymer [Sm(HL)2(NO3)]n (1) was constructed using a new flexible Schiff base ligand that has a long-chain (CH2)10 backbone. The Schiff base ligand exhibits a linear coordination configuration, resulting in the “zig-zag” structure of 1. Besides the ligand-centered emission, 1 displays typical visible and NIR luminescence of Sm3+. Interestingly, 1 shows dual-emissive response to metal ions, especially to Co2+ at the ppm level. |
24028500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:28:27.337Z | 2007-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Evidence for reductions in floral attractants with increased selfing rates in two heterandrous species.
Although theoretical models predict low allocation to attractive structures with increased selfing in animal-pollinated plants, empirical measurement of the reproductive costs and benefits is complicated. Here, floral sex allocation was compared in two nectarless heterandrous species with different mating systems: Monochoria korsakowii (Pontederiaceae), which has moderate outcrossing rates, and Monochoria vaginalis, a predominant selfer. In both species, mirror-image flowers have one large dark-purple anther and five small yellow anthers. Experimental evidence is provided for functional differences between the two sets of anthers using data on pollinator visitation, pollen removal and deposition, and seed set after hand pollinations. Flower manipulations in bee-pollinated M. korsakowii demonstrated different functions of the two sets of anthers: the yellow (feeding) anthers function to attract pollinators, but have similar pollen performance to the purple (pollinating) anthers. Furthermore, a disproportional reduction in pollen production of the feeding anthers in the selfing species was found. This differential allocation between feeding and pollinating anthers in heterandrous species has not been recognized before. The finding of reduced allocation to attractive structures with an increase in the rate of self-fertilization supports the theory of sex allocation. |
46889000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-15T13:05:23.518Z | 2018-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | A computer game for teaching and learning algebra topics at undergraduate level
Technology is increasingly changing the way that engineering students are taught. In recent years, we have witnessed a significant growth in using computer game technologies for teaching and learning in different engineering fields and contexts. This approach offers the ability to create complex and highly interactive scenarios with a solid theoretical basis to teach material in new and highly interactive ways. This paper introduces the application of the game‐based learning approach and instructional design for creating a 2D computer game in order to support mathematics teaching and learning in the first‐year of an undergraduate engineering course. Additionally, an experiment was conducted on a Computer and Electronic Engineering course to evaluate the effects of the proposed game by following the “competency‐based learning” approach on students with sequential and global learning styles. The results showed that the computer game increased the learning experience and motivation of global learners when learning mathematical topics. |
168559250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-30T13:12:39.589Z | 2016-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Creating Enduring Customer Value
One of the most important tasks in marketing is to create and communicate value to customers to drive their satisfaction, loyalty, and profitability. In this study, the authors assume that customer value is a dual concept. First, in order to be successful, firms (and the marketing function) have to create perceived value for customers. Toward that end, marketers have to measure customer perceived value and have to provide customer perceptions of value through marketing-mix elements. Second, customers in return give value through multiple forms of engagement (customer lifetime value, in the widest sense) for the organization. Therefore, marketers need to measure and manage this value of the customer(s) to the firm and have to incorporate this aspect into real-time marketing decisions. The authors integrate and synthesize existing findings, show the best practices of implementation, and highlight future research avenues. |