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AUTHOR Ally Mauch & Rebekah Brandes
This Company Seals Leaky Air Ducts to Make Heating and Cooling More Efficient — And Cheaper
benedek/ iStock
Heating your home during the winter can be costly, especially when utility prices are already high. The fossil fuels used to do so come with other caveats as well. Residential homes and businesses accounted for 13% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, and much of that came from heating and cooling. Aeroseal, an Ohio-based company, is aiming to reduce that statistic — and ease the strain on homeowners’ wallets in the process.
Currently servicing at least 30 countries, Aeroseal locates and seals leaks in houses and commercial spaces from inside the walls, reducing the amount of air that escapes and therefore making the structures more energy efficient.
Leaky air ducts are especially common in older homes, so they can be particularly inefficient and expensive to maintain. Government-backed program Energy Star reports that leaky ducks can decrease heating and cooling efficiency by as much as 20%. Sealing the leaks not only reduces overall emissions, which helps to combat climate change, but it also makes it cheaper to heat and cool the home. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, leaky ducts can add hundreds of dollars a year to gas and electric bills.
But because most air ducts are inside walls, homeowners may have a difficult time realizing when they’re leaking, and thus fixing them if they are. Aeroseal addresses this by working within the ducts themselves, without having to cut into the walls, a process CNBC compared to fixing a flat tire.
“What we have done is we have found a way to seal the air ducts in the building envelope without physically getting access to the leaks,” CEO Amit Gupta explained to the outlet. Instead, the system uses a fan to pressurize the ducts, then injects microparticles made of a non-toxic water and vinyl acetate emulsion that automatically cling to any gaps.
Beginning with a “breakthrough” invention in co-founder Mark Modera’s California garage in 1993, according to Aeroseal’s website, the technology gained traction after he teamed-up with industry leader Gupta. As of November, the company had raised around $30 million in venture capital funds.
“Everybody should fix this,” Gupta told CNBC. “Not only [will they] make their house comfortable, they will also make their house more healthy because they won’t be sucking in air from attics or from the crawlspace or between the walls.” | [
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ERROR: type should be string, got "https://nijiironohashi.com/archives/1562 20% Monthly 2016-10-27 10:29" | [
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Congratulations to Paulo, John, and Sven—Best Case Study at ACM CHI2021
Posted by Sven on May 31, 2021
We are extremely proud to share the exciting news that Paulo Reis (Overleaf), John Lees-Miller (Overleaf), and Sven Laqua (Digital Science) have been awarded the SIGCHI Best Case Study Award at the ACM CHI2021 Conference for their case study on “Merging SaaS Products In A User-Centered Way - A Case Study of Overleaf and ShareLaTeX”.
The ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) series of academic conferences is generally considered the most prestigious in the field of human-computer interaction. It is hosted by ACM SIGCHI, the Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction. CHI has been held annually since 1982 and attracts thousands of international attendees.
Paulo and Sven presented the Case Study on 10th May 2021: you can see a recording of Paulo below, and the conference programme page is online here.
If you'd like to read the full case study, it's available for download here.
About the Case Study
Mergers and acquisitions pose complex organizational and technical challenges. A user-centered approach can help ensure the success of a merger. By prioritizing the management of user expectations, by addressing change aversion and by ensuring users feel heard, a merger cannot only be made more successful, but also be perceived as a positive change by end users. This case study describes and discusses the user-centered approach taken to successfully merge two established online LaTeX editors: Overleaf and ShareLaTeX. A mixed methods approach was used to simultaneously ensure broad coverage of the user base (quantitative; relevant because these were established products) and also in-depth understanding of their issues, opinions and motivations (qualitative; relevant to making informed design decisions). This user-centered approach was successful in helping the company to set a path for the merger, to adapt in the face of new data, and to create the foundation for sustained growth.
About CHI
CHI is a special interest group chapter of ACM - the Association for computing machinery. It’s the World's Largest Association of Computing Professionals.
Within ACM, SIGCHI is the leading international community of professionals interested in research, education and the practical application of human-computer interaction (HCI). SIGCHI provides a forum for the discussion of all aspects of HCI through over 20 sponsored and over 40 in-cooperation conferences, publications, web sites, and other services.
The SIGCHI "Best of CHI" awards honor exceptional submissions to SIGCHI sponsored conferences. Based on reviewer recommendations, the CHI Case Study chairs nominates submissions for the Best Case Study Award, as appropriate. This year, we selected two Case Studies to receive the Best Case Study Award, representing the top 2% of all submissions.
Sign up for a free account and receive regular updates
Start writing now!
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Affected project URL (Optional)
Contact UsSending… | [
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Pace Center for Girls
Executive / Senior Management, Program / Project Management
> 10 years
Remote (No or Little In-Person Required)
More information about Pace Center for Girls can be found at: www.pacecenter.org
This search is being led by Emily Wexler and Stephanie Guidry of NPAG. Due to the pace of this search, candidates are strongly encouraged to apply as soon as possible. Candidates may submit their cover letter, outlining their interest and qualifications, along with their resume via NPAG’s website.
Cultivating a diverse and inclusive team is an essential component of the Pace’s work to advance equity. Candidates of all backgrounds are strongly encouraged to apply.
Pace Center for Girls (Pace) envisions a world where all girls and young women have power, in a just and equitable society. Pace provides girls and young women an opportunity for a better future through education, counseling, training, and advocacy. Through a successful and proven evidence-based model, focused on the development of critical life, health, and academic skills, Pace has changed the life trajectory of more than 40,000 girls and is recognized as one of the nation’s leading advocates for girls.
Pace invites nominations and applications for a new Chief Program Officer (CPO). The CPO is responsible for the overall implementation and performance of the Pace program models and leads the development, operations, evaluation, and growth of these models. Reporting to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the CPO is a member of the Executive Leadership Team (ELT) and is responsible for leading, developing, strengthening, and managing a comprehensive array of program services. The CPO leads a diverse team of program leadership staff in the delivery and oversight of the organization’s gender-responsive program models across multiple states. The CPO fosters a culture of excellence, caring, purpose, learning, and results aligned with the organization’s nine values and guiding principles and collaborates with partners from the public, private, philanthropic, and non-profit sector to design, implement, evaluate, and scale proven strategies. In partnership with the ELT, the CPO is also responsible for developing new business markets for advancing the work with girls. The successful candidate will thrive in a multi-faceted role in a fast-paced, values-based culture and environment.
ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW
Founded in 1985 by Vicki Burke, the first Pace center launched with ten girls in Jacksonville, Florida in response to girls entering the juvenile justice system, often related to trauma. Pace has undergone significant growth in its almost 40-year history, currently with 21 Pace Centers across Florida and an additional 8 outreach sites in Georgia and 5 in South Carolina. Pace’s program model provides academic classes, counseling, and social services to middle and high school girls in center-based settings, schools, or in the local community. Pace works with each girl to build an individualized plan based around their personal goals and academic requirements. Pace helps younger girls progress to transition back to their prior school or a similar situation. Pace works with older high school girls to progress toward graduation and create a plan for continued education or career.
Pace Center for Girls upholds three pillars that lay the foundation for our approach to supporting and equipping girls throughout their journeys:
Gender Responsive: The way that girls learn and develop is unique. We create an environment that responds to the needs of the girls so they can feel safe to develop meaningful and trusting relationships and embrace their capability, strength, and autonomy.
Strengths-Based: Every girl brings something unique to the table. We focus on developing these unique characteristics, fostering a girl’s talents and positive attributes to help her achieve her goals.
Trauma-Informed: Trauma can alter the course of a girl’s life. Trauma-informed means acknowledging that trauma may be driving unhealthy behaviors and working to help heal and empower girls.
In addition to these three pillars, Pace Center for Girls is built on nine core principles that guide our work: Honor the female spirit; Focus on strengths; Act with integrity and positive intent; Embrace growth and change; Value the wisdom of time; Exhibit courage; Seek excellence; Create partnerships; and Invest in the future.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FACING THE NEW CHIEF PROGRAM OFFICER
Grounded in program excellence and positive outcomes for girls, the CPO is an executive-level leader tasked with setting organizational and programmatic vision and priorities, strengthening program services, and building a strong and collaborative organizational and program team culture. Following many years of program growth and expansion and the unprecedented impacts of COVID-19, the CPO has a unique opportunity to catalyze its service offerings into the next phase of its journey and deliver the highest quality programming for girls. The CPO will be entrusted to:
Work in tandem with the Executive Leadership Team (ELT) to cross-collaboratively set and advance program priorities that are aligned with organizational goals.
As a member of the ELT, the CPO will serve as a critical systems thinker, collaborator, and bridge-builder across the organization. With skills in change management and complex decision-making, they will partner with the ELT members and the Board of Trustees to create Pace’s strategic plan and provide leadership and direction to implementing a programmatic vision. They will have an enterprise-level understanding of Pace’s work and actively pursue opportunities to partner and collaborate across the organization to deliver improved programs and services for girls. They will use and interpret financial, program, human resource, and other data to collaboratively make informed, organization-wide decisions and adapt as needed to ensure Pace’s success. They will collaborate with ELT to develop new business markets for expansion, work in partnership with external parties such as agencies, states, and funding partners, and foster effective partnerships, collaborations, and advocacy efforts. The CPO will also serve as an ambassador for Pace at public events, conferences, workshops, and media events.
Develop, refine, and continuously improve Pace’s program model and services to provide an unmatched experience and improved outcomes for girls.
The CPO will demonstrate a deep commitment to achieving the highest outcomes for girls as they lead the development and delivery of program models across multiple sites and states during a critical time in the organization’s history. They will develop and refine program components and services that reflect current and changing external factors, including the lasting impacts of COVID-19 on service delivery. They will work closely with the program team and partners from the public, private, philanthropic, and non-profit sector to design, implement, evaluate, and scale proven program models and strategies. They will translate organizational priorities into practice and remain regularly and meaningfully connected to the day-to-day practice, challenges, and opportunities at Pace’s program sites. They will stay current on research, literature and best practices in multiple fields and be knowledgeable on public policy issues impacting girls and young women.
Foster a strong, positive organizational and program team culture with an emphasis on caring, purpose, learning, and results.
The CPO will inspire and motivate all levels of staff, providing direction, vision, and a sense of possibility to the organization. The CPO will build and uphold a program team culture of caring, purpose, learning, and results that ultimately improves the experience and outcomes for girls. The CPO will supervise and manage a dedicated team of 6 senior program staff at the national office. The CPO will be equipped with an equity-informed approach to management and provide and seek feedback regularly, delegate tasks appropriately, measure staff progress, and provide accountability, support employee development, and recognize individual and team achievements. The CPO will refine the team’s structure and roles, as needed, and work with their team to develop solutions and clear decision-making processes to ensure improved program practice across delivery sites.
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE IDEAL CANDIDATE
While no one candidate will embody all the qualifications enumerated below, the ideal candidate will possess many of the following professional and personal abilities, attributes, and experiences:
Education and/or Experience and Technical Skills:
Bachelor’s Degree in a related field with a Master’s degree strongly preferred or equivalent years of education and relevant experience.
Previous executive/C-suite level leadership and management experience strongly preferred, preferably at a large-scale or multi-site nonprofit organization.
Minimum 10 years progressive work experience delivering programs required.
Experience with youth development required; experience with adolescent mental health, education, and/or gender-responsive programming strongly preferred.
Experience with scaling program services and process improvement across multiple geographies preferred.
Strong commitment to and knowledge of equity, diversity, and inclusion principles and practices.
Advanced relationship management, influence, and collaboration skills required. A proven team player.
Excellent written and verbal communication skills, and ability to communicate effectively at all levels, both internally and externally.
Strong quantitative/analytical skills and ability to interpret and use data to drive decision-making.
Demonstrated business acumen, with a solid understanding of business practices and budget management across a large-scale or multi-site nonprofit.
Ability to multitask and manage current and emerging issues in a fast-paced and changing environment.
Ability to work independently under minimal guidance.
Abilities and Attributes:
Strong collaboration and team orientation.
Demonstrates empathy, discernment, and good judgement to meet the demands of different situations and the performance needs of all team members.
Capable of big-picture thinking, able to quickly grasp and understand complex problems and lead teams to solutions.
Enthusiastic and able to sell ideas and demonstrate a collaborative approach to problem solving.
Constructively critical and able to confront and tackle conflict head on; can adeptly navigate conflict and ambiguity while remaining composed in the face of adversity.
Committed to centering the voices and experiences of those most impacted by the issues that the work seeks to address.
Demonstrated ability to use discretion and make swift and sound decisions when needed.
Takes accountability for decisions, actions, and behaviors.
Must adhere to Organization Values and Principles.
Upholds the ethical standards of the Organization.
Follows policies and procedures of the Organization.
Must work evenings and weekends as required to fulfill workload requirements.
Location and Travel Requirements
This job is based in Florida and will be required to travel extensively in state and out of state via automobile, plane, or train. Relocation assistance is available.
Base compensation for the Chief Program Officer role is low to mid $200,000s. In addition, this role is eligible for a discretionary bonus with a historical range of 10% to 15% of base compensation, pending individual and organizational performance. Pace offers a rich benefits package, including medical, dental, vision, life, mental health, PTO and wellbeing plans, as well as a 403b with a discretionary match.
The physical demands of this job include manual dexterity; must be able to reach with hands and arms, talk, hear, see, and smell. Frequent standing and walking required. The employee may be required to sit and must occasionally lift and/or move up to fifty pounds.
The work environment can be stressful, fast-paced and requires alertness and flexibility. The noise level is quiet; however, noise can accelerate from moderate to elevated levels. | [
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7332,
354,
10423,
633,
1955,
11574,
354,
2057,
7161,
272,
771,
395,
6093,
28723,
415,
6053,
10169,
622,
306,
6016,
297,
264,
6079,
28733,
20107,
14610,
3905,
297,
264,
4102,
28733,
28720,
2701,
28725,
3069,
28733,
5527,
5679,
304,
4466,
28723,
13,
1017,
28777,
1251,
12889,
4866,
1086,
451,
3491,
22203,
13,
8127,
286,
297,
28705,
28740,
28774,
28783,
28782,
486,
550,
681,
28710,
6815,
405,
28725,
272,
907,
367,
561,
4982,
11087,
395,
3095,
6093,
297,
9955,
5485,
28725,
9500,
297,
2899,
298,
6093,
15435,
272,
5666,
1434,
546,
10754,
1587,
28725,
2608,
5202,
298,
24815,
28723,
367,
561,
659,
916,
28721,
538,
5864,
6057,
297,
871,
2779,
28705,
28781,
28734,
28733,
4395,
3340,
28725,
5489,
395,
28705,
28750,
28740,
367,
561,
2906,
404,
2673,
9500,
304,
396,
4870,
28705,
28783,
575,
18932,
7363,
297,
13188,
304,
28705,
28782,
297,
3658,
11434,
28723,
367,
561,
28809,
28713,
2007,
2229,
5312,
11860,
6709,
28725,
14625,
288,
28725,
304,
2809,
3345,
298,
4986,
304,
1486,
2052,
6093,
297,
4982,
28733,
5527,
6472,
28725,
7373,
28725,
442,
297,
272,
1862,
3618,
28723,
367,
561,
3791,
395,
1430,
2746,
298,
1813,
396,
3235,
1332,
2623,
2818,
1401,
652,
3327,
7661,
304,
11860,
8296,
28723,
367,
561,
7263,
9729,
6093,
5097,
298,
8265,
852,
298,
652,
4681,
2052,
442,
264,
3684,
4620,
28723,
367,
561,
3791,
395,
6402,
1486,
2052,
6093,
298,
5097,
4112,
7461,
352,
304,
2231,
264,
2623,
354,
5317,
5362,
442,
4835,
28723,
13,
28753,
561,
6064,
354,
19873,
582,
19820,
1712,
10837,
1168,
369,
4897,
272,
13865,
354,
813,
4431,
298,
11787,
304,
4731,
2917,
6093,
5473,
652,
3835,
26983,
28747,
13,
28777,
2341,
1992,
13532,
495,
28747,
415,
1069,
369,
6093,
2822,
304,
1950,
349,
4842,
28723,
816,
2231,
396,
4466,
369,
2603,
3673,
298,
272,
3208,
302,
272,
6093,
579,
590,
541,
1601,
5023,
298,
1950,
19258,
304,
4893,
288,
9391,
304,
20318,
652,
21368,
28725,
6342,
28725,
304,
1206,
15631,
28723,
13,
718,
267,
24575,
28713,
28733,
24207,
28747,
4203,
2746,
11164,
1545,
4842,
298,
272,
2401,
28723,
816,
3232,
356,
10423,
1167,
4842,
15559,
28725,
14096,
2131,
264,
2746,
28809,
28713,
26719,
304,
5278,
9623,
298,
1316,
559,
6619,
559,
7661,
28723,
13,
14839,
10089,
28733,
657,
12914,
28747,
8534,
10089,
541,
13496,
272,
2363,
302,
264,
2746,
28809,
28713,
1411,
28723,
8534,
10089,
28733,
262,
12914,
2825,
13964,
3080,
369,
24815,
993,
347,
7810,
521,
14513,
28724,
23961,
304,
2739,
298,
1316,
21385,
304,
21757,
6093,
28723,
13,
657,
4518,
298,
1167,
1712,
10837,
1168,
28725,
367,
561,
6064,
354,
19873,
349,
4429,
356,
9542,
6421,
13818,
369,
8327,
813,
771,
28747,
19939,
272,
7742,
5838,
28745,
24408,
356,
28136,
28745,
3782,
395,
20489,
304,
5278,
8284,
28745,
2929,
24256,
6057,
304,
2268,
28745,
8382,
272,
16679,
302,
727,
28745,
28522,
279,
15276,
28745,
1091,
950,
7154,
636,
28745,
5670,
13737,
28713,
28745,
304,
11606,
297,
272,
3437,
28723,
13,
2759,
5021,
22587,
17770,
5771,
6523,
4945,
1020,
28777,
2255,
401,
1645,
2043,
3799,
24746,
6523,
7453,
28765,
7497,
8369,
2854,
22615,
1604,
725,
13,
28777,
888,
286,
297,
2007,
7154,
636,
304,
5278,
18014,
354,
6093,
28725,
272,
334,
3402,
349,
396,
12212,
28733,
4404,
7059,
3638,
286,
395,
5587,
6443,
1249,
304,
2007,
20095,
8021,
304,
28231,
28725,
15974,
288,
2007,
3345,
28725,
304,
3667,
264,
2967,
304,
8248,
1197,
6443,
1249,
304,
2007,
1918,
5679,
28723,
13407,
1287,
1267,
302,
2007,
6057,
304,
11120,
304,
272,
26641,
1354,
12713,
26336,
302,
11747,
28733,
28740,
28774,
28725,
272,
334,
3402,
659,
264,
4842,
5701,
298,
21348,
28724,
1374,
871,
2372,
2405,
742,
778,
272,
1679,
6896,
302,
871,
8123,
304,
5663,
272,
7881,
4045,
16292,
354,
6093,
28723,
415,
334,
3402,
622,
347,
7142,
16551,
298,
28747,
13,
6058,
297,
27631,
366,
395,
272,
15954,
10161,
4445,
6867,
325,
2980,
28738,
28731,
298,
3893,
28733,
10921,
3226,
6308,
808,
304,
8670,
2007,
28231,
369,
460,
23581,
395,
6443,
1249,
7661,
28723,
13,
2198,
264,
4292,
302,
272,
22630,
28738,
28725,
272,
334,
3402,
622,
7031,
390,
264,
7276,
4918,
1073,
263,
28725,
8248,
1028,
28725,
304,
9850,
28733,
10151,
2673,
272,
6666,
28723,
2326,
6266,
297,
2268,
5411,
304,
4630,
5161,
28733,
14727,
28725,
590,
622,
6977,
395,
272,
22630,
28738,
3338,
304,
272,
9217,
302,
13149,
6436,
298,
2231,
367,
561,
28809,
28713,
16055,
2623,
304,
3084,
9802,
304,
5007,
298,
27068,
264,
2007,
20095,
8021,
28723,
1306,
622,
506,
396,
18355,
28733,
4404,
6399,
302,
367,
561,
28809,
28713,
771,
304,
18639,
18619,
8812,
298,
6977,
304,
8248,
380,
2673,
272,
6666,
298,
5663,
11957,
7034,
304,
3345,
354,
6093,
28723,
1306,
622,
938,
304,
7190,
5593,
28725,
2007,
28725,
2930,
3715,
28725,
304,
799,
1178,
298,
8248,
6308,
1038,
12903,
28725,
6666,
28733,
5734,
9549,
304,
8018,
390,
3236,
298,
5407,
367,
561,
28809,
28713,
2288,
28723,
1306,
622,
8248,
380,
395,
22630,
28738,
298,
1950,
633,
1955,
11574,
354,
11120,
28725,
771,
297,
13737,
395,
9354,
8209,
1259,
390,
15467,
28725,
4605,
28725,
304,
12131,
11796,
28725,
304,
27560,
5645,
13737,
28713,
28725,
8248,
697,
28725,
304,
11881,
2426,
8280,
28723,
415,
334,
3402,
622,
835,
7031,
390,
396,
4358,
19536,
354,
367,
561,
438,
798,
3926,
28725,
379,
8831,
28725,
26329,
28725,
304,
4077,
3926,
28723,
13,
28757,
3443,
410,
28725,
1792,
473,
28725,
304,
25783,
4916,
367,
561,
28809,
28713,
2007,
2229,
304,
3345,
298,
3084,
396,
521,
28206,
2659,
304,
11957,
18014,
354,
6093,
28723,
13,
1014,
334,
3402,
622,
16499,
264,
3534,
13106,
298,
25122,
272,
7881,
18014,
354,
6093,
390,
590,
1736,
272,
4099,
304,
9562,
302,
2007,
4994,
2673,
5166,
7363,
304,
4605,
1938,
264,
7276,
727,
297,
272,
6666,
28809,
28713,
3340,
28723,
1306,
622,
1950,
304,
1792,
473,
2007,
8076,
304,
3345,
369,
7967,
1868,
304,
8634,
9354,
8612,
28725,
2490,
272,
24266,
26336,
302,
11747,
28733,
28740,
28774,
356,
2372,
9562,
28723,
1306,
622,
771,
11640,
395,
272,
2007,
1918,
304,
11796,
477,
272,
798,
28725,
1597,
28725,
6862,
12344,
25644,
28725,
304,
1843,
28733,
17940,
9642,
298,
2621,
28725,
4808,
28725,
15627,
28725,
304,
5657,
12598,
2007,
4994,
304,
12108,
28723,
1306,
622,
17824,
6443,
1249,
28231,
778,
5245,
304,
6344,
12274,
304,
5746,
3071,
7391,
298,
272,
1370,
28733,
532,
28733,
1466,
5245,
28725,
10369,
28725,
304,
8812,
438,
367,
561,
28809,
28713,
2007,
7363,
28723,
1306,
622,
3079,
1868,
356,
3332,
28725,
11354,
304,
1489,
10879,
297,
5166,
5080,
304,
347,
4788,
522,
356,
798,
4920,
4382,
5088,
288,
6093,
304,
2518,
2525,
28723,
13,
28765,
8731,
264,
2967,
28725,
5278,
6443,
1249,
304,
2007,
1918,
5679,
395,
396,
19679,
356,
22153,
28725,
6032,
28725,
5168,
28725,
304,
2903,
28723,
13,
1014,
334,
3402,
622,
26649,
304,
8972,
380,
544,
6157,
302,
5084,
28725,
7501,
5007,
28725,
8021,
28725,
304,
264,
3367,
302,
10065,
298,
272,
6666,
28723,
415,
334,
3402,
622,
1813,
304,
582,
5750,
264,
2007,
1918,
5679,
302,
22153,
28725,
6032,
28725,
5168,
28725,
304,
2903,
369,
12665,
3267,
1855,
272,
2659,
304,
18014,
354,
6093,
28723,
415,
334,
3402,
622,
2195,
28728,
864,
304,
8594,
264,
10383,
1918,
302,
28705,
28784,
9362,
2007,
5084,
438,
272,
4282,
4007,
28723,
415,
334,
3402,
622,
347,
17042,
395,
396,
22851,
28733,
262,
12914,
4431,
298,
5411,
304,
3084,
304,
5695,
12139,
12274,
28725,
21063,
9796,
6582,
1999,
28725,
5266,
5084,
5097,
28725,
304,
3084,
2708,
2437,
28725,
1760,
12234,
4099,
28725,
304,
11286,
3235,
304,
1918,
27864,
28723,
415,
334,
3402,
622,
1792,
473,
272,
1918,
28809,
28713,
4693,
304,
12426,
28725,
390,
3236,
28725,
304,
771,
395,
652,
1918,
298,
1950,
7151,
304,
3081,
5161,
28733,
14727,
9537,
298,
5407,
11957,
2007,
5245,
2673,
9562,
7363,
28723,
13,
7855,
1086,
4066,
17389,
28735,
4033,
3799,
315,
1336,
1086,
334,
5208,
1138,
3148,
13,
23475,
708,
624,
10169,
622,
877,
2680,
544,
272,
4109,
7467,
25988,
601,
3624,
28725,
272,
8184,
10169,
622,
14612,
1287,
302,
272,
2296,
5024,
304,
3327,
17866,
28725,
9623,
28725,
304,
9021,
28747,
13,
28749,
6014,
352,
304,
28748,
271,
19428,
304,
25930,
3891,
2767,
28747,
13,
28760,
18753,
28809,
28713,
24866,
688,
297,
264,
5202,
1834,
395,
264,
9361,
28809,
28713,
6153,
12287,
11719,
442,
9844,
1267,
302,
5362,
304,
8598,
2659,
28723,
13,
28284,
12212,
28748,
28743,
28733,
15677,
2184,
9802,
304,
5411,
2659,
12287,
11719,
28725,
5273,
1907,
438,
264,
2475,
28733,
5705,
442,
6079,
28733,
10041,
1843,
17940,
6666,
28723,
13,
5805,
3485,
28705,
28740,
28734,
1267,
20458,
771,
2659,
22119,
7034,
3030,
28723,
13,
26011,
1640,
395,
9539,
4099,
3030,
28745,
2659,
395,
23988,
1476,
8057,
2528,
28725,
5362,
28725,
304,
28748,
271,
11487,
28733,
23120,
495,
16292,
12287,
11719,
28723,
13,
26011,
1640,
395,
19903,
2007,
3345,
304,
1759,
14204,
2673,
5166,
2970,
2473,
497,
11719,
28723,
13,
3490,
566,
13106,
298,
304,
4788,
302,
22851,
28725,
18644,
28725,
304,
23454,
13818,
304,
10879,
28723,
13,
20300,
3692,
3758,
5411,
28725,
8015,
28725,
304,
15609,
6266,
3030,
28723,
330,
12598,
1918,
4385,
28723,
13,
966,
4860,
308,
4241,
304,
1429,
6323,
8520,
6266,
28725,
304,
5537,
298,
16287,
11466,
438,
544,
6157,
28725,
1560,
3875,
578,
304,
7784,
578,
28723,
13,
3490,
566,
4664,
16462,
28748,
11267,
4475,
745,
6266,
304,
5537,
298,
7190,
304,
938,
1178,
298,
5009,
5161,
28733,
14727,
28723,
13,
28757,
7884,
1042,
601,
1955,
1183,
20341,
28725,
395,
264,
6861,
6399,
302,
1955,
10879,
304,
8326,
5411,
2673,
264,
2475,
28733,
5705,
442,
6079,
28733,
10041,
1843,
17940,
28723,
13,
6570,
1232,
298,
2531,
279,
1152,
304,
8594,
1868,
304,
20053,
4382,
297,
264,
4102,
28733,
28720,
2701,
304,
8634,
4466,
28723,
13,
6570,
1232,
298,
771,
22973,
916,
13383,
15988,
28723,
13,
6570,
3780,
304,
5288,
4302,
28747,
13,
3490,
566,
15609,
304,
1918,
18159,
28723,
13,
28757,
7884,
1042,
1002,
877,
17113,
28725,
2312,
1173,
466,
28725,
304,
1179,
11866,
1116,
298,
2647,
272,
15047,
302,
1581,
11846,
304,
272,
4397,
3208,
302,
544,
1918,
3338,
28723,
13,
9953,
522,
302,
2032,
28733,
15847,
4195,
28725,
2358,
298,
4377,
22055,
304,
2380,
4630,
4418,
304,
1736,
6941,
298,
7151,
28723,
13,
1608,
362,
381,
28710,
3953,
304,
2358,
298,
6112,
5766,
304,
16499,
264,
8248,
1197,
4431,
298,
2700,
22100,
28723,
13,
26799,
2260,
7276,
304,
2358,
298,
12773,
304,
23907,
10318,
1335,
356,
28745,
541,
14921,
447,
346,
22689,
10318,
304,
25787,
25239,
1312,
8409,
15021,
297,
272,
2105,
302,
19998,
472,
28723,
13,
3912,
3309,
298,
1595,
2131,
272,
14549,
304,
9021,
302,
1395,
1080,
5088,
286,
486,
272,
4382,
369,
272,
771,
27297,
298,
2962,
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] |
The Work of Art in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
By Nolan Kelly
A research-based thesis presented to the faculty of the Culture & Media Department, Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, The New School
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts
Portrait of Edmond de Bellamy, with GAN algorithmic model in place of artist signature. Courtesy Christie’s.
Prologue – Case Study
In autumn of 2018, the New York Times published an article in their Art & Design section regarding a sale at Christie’s auction house that was notable for several reasons. Edmond De Belamy, which had sold the previous day to an anonymous phone bidder, was part of a Prints & Multiples lot showing alongside Warhol and Lichtenstein ink prints.[1] The work was itself an ink print, on canvas, but in a style somewhat resembling an unfinished pre-modern oil painting – comparable in tone and color, according to a Columbia University art history professor, to the style of Rembrandt van Rijn “if I look half-closing my eyes.” The head of Christie’s Prints and Multiples department noted that, “It looks like something you’d expect Christie’s to sell,” before adding that they had recently processed the sale of Salvator Mundi – a rediscovered portrait of Christ attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, and painted circa 1500,[2] and which sold for half a billion dollars.[3]
Edmond de Belamy is a portrait as well, but this is where the similarities end. The subject itself is apocryphal, and the image of the subject has no correlative in reality. The same could perhaps be said for the artist – Christie’s attributes the work to no single creator but instead describes the work as ‘published’ by Obvious Art,[4] a Parisian collective composed, according to the Times, “of a student of machine learning and two business school graduates, none of whom have a background in art.”[5] The publishers created the work with an open-source Generative Adversarial Net (GAN), a computational technique that is a widely recognized form of artificial intelligence (AI), which “learn[ed] to imitate sets of images fed by humans — in this case, thousands of portraits spanning the 14th century to the 20th.”[6] In place of signature, the bottom right portion of the canvas was printed with a generic version of the algorithmic code used to produce the image: ming maxd Ex [log(D(x))] + Ez [log(1 – (D(G(z)))]. As Anaïs Rolez discusses in her essay responding to the sale, “human intervention [was] limited to selecting in the first place the large set of existing portraits fed into the system and used by it as examples of the expected output.”[7]
Notably, Christie’s faced criticism for going to sale on a piece of work that many deemed “a knock-off.”[8] But this criticism did not come from the auction house patrons expecting to bid on original objects. Instead, those upset by the work were other artists working with AI technology, who described the GAN algorithm used in the production as damningly similar to codes other artists were using in the field – to the point of questionable plagiarism. Hugo Caselles-Dupré, one of the members of Obvious, responded with acknowledgement that portions of the code had been copied from forums online, including algorithms shared by AI generative artist Robbie Barrat, and defended this by saying the code was “open-source,” belonging to no one. “If you’re just talking about the code, then there is not a big percentage that has been modified…But if you talk about working on the computer, making it work, there is a lot of effort there.”[9] This apparent effort was, for the community of artists engaged with algorithm, the contested grounds of legitimation of the work itself. Mario Klingemann, an artist also working with GANs, “compared the portrait by Obvious ‘to a connect-the-dots children’s painting.’”[10]
Perhaps most notably however, was the element of the sale itself. The first A.I. generated work of art to be sold at a major auction house, Edmond de Belamy was initially estimated by Christie’s to be worth between seven and ten thousand dollars, based on previous direct sales between Obvious and private collectors. It sold, on October 24, for more than 40 times that estimate; the anonymous bidder paid nearly half a million dollars for it, more than the combined price of the Warhol and Lichtenstein lots that also auctioned.[11] The message of this moment may seem, itself, rather obvious: capitalism has conferred aesthetic legitimacy upon works created from computer code, and in the visual art market mechanical reproduction has become fully realized as a form of production in its own right. The apocryphal portrait, while calling attention to its inorganic and purely associative artistic qualities inherent to nearly all facets of its production, had nevertheless been fetishized by a number of socially legitimating bodies – most formally, the auction-house, the bidders, and the media reporting on it. It had, in spite of its every attribute, attained a venerative distancing – what media theorist Walter Benjamin would call an “aura,” and the significance of which I will attempt to deconstruct in this essay.
Dialectics for the 21st Century
The troubled status of the Edmond de Belamy work – as an original artistic object, a selective reproduction, a valued commodity, an event in the history of aesthetic consecration – are focal points from which we can examine, test, and renegotiate some of the theories which have been formative for a modern understanding of media, particularly the theses of Walter Benjamin. Benjamin’s 1935-36 essay, “The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility,” his most well-known work, has been applied as a widely-read text for assessing artistic and technological developments in the 21st century.[12] For at least the past three decades, the Work of Art essay “may have been quoted more often than any other single source, in areas ranging from new-left theory to cultural studies, from film and art history to visual culture, from the postmodern art scene to debates on the fate of art, including film, in the digital world.”[13] This tells us explicitly that, in the recently expanding realm of digital interaction and concurrent global integration, Benjamin’s identifications have felt prescient and pertinent. It also tells us, implicitly, that the sheer applicability of the essay across a range of fields holds immense potential for misapplication, as well as misinterpretation of the author’s core concepts, which in turn poses to compromise the integrity of the essay’s reception as a whole. In the critical analyses of Miriam Hansen and Susan Buck-Morss, it becomes clear that this is the case.
The structure of the Work of Art essay, as a series of discursive, brief, passionate theses, inherently spells out the danger of over-deterministic reading. On the strength of this essay Benjamin has been declared a techno-utopian; he has been hailed with inaugurating the liquidation of the aura and identifying a praxis of revolutionary cinema. To make much of any of these claims is to misunderstand the author’s foremost rhetorical strategy of dialectics: the identification by Benjamin that two potentially opposing positions may be simultaneously correct or effectual, changing in relevance and relationship depending on the time period, polity, and conditions of production.[14]
When writing about the newspaper, Benjamin may bemoan modernity’s increasing compartmentalization of knowledge into information, which in turn requires more elite and technical classes to produce and consume this information within a Capitalist economy. Yet he simultaneously hails the newspaper as the primary liberative tool for the masses in Soviet Russia, where authors and readers blend, increasingly and productively: “It is at the scene of the limitless debasement of the word – the newspaper, in short – that its salvation is being prepared.”[15] The same appraisal of competing possibilities infects all of his writing, as he finds the conditions of the present are far from determined. The very structure of the Work of Art essay, as a spread of overlapping, equally valid theses, supports this reading, as does Benjamin’s critical praxis, his goal of “grasping the ‘temporal core’ of the present in terms other than those supplied by the period about itself.”[16]Read from the perspective of an empiricist, the Work of Art essay may therefore seem flimsy, inconsistent, bombastic, and diffuse. As a constellation of dialectical images however, the writing becomes continuously provocative.
By the early 19th century, German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach had identified a tendency within his age to “prefer the sign to the thing signified, the copy to the original, representation to reality, appearance to essence,” – a canary call of mediation as affective toward human consciousness.[17] By the early 20th Century, Benjamin had diagnosed the proletarian consciousness as denuded by “technologically caused shock and the emergence of ever more powerful aesthetic techniques” intended to further capture and exploit the attention of the masses.[18] “In industrial production no less than modern warfare, in street crowds and erotic encounters, in amusement parks and gambling casinos, shock is the very essence of modern experience,” Buck-Morss notes of the time period from which the Work of Art essay emerged,[19] and so to the point that the continual manipulation of the addled modernist consciousness could engender “humanity’s self-alienation [to] reach the point where it can experience its own annihilation as a supreme aesthetic pleasure.”[20] That is, if fascism succeeded in holding the proletarian eye with its phantasmagoric spectacle of warfare, as Futurists such as F.T. Marinetti were already eagerly proposing to do. “Such is the aestheticization of politics, as practiced by fascism. Communism responds by politicizing art.”[21]
Here we have the primary dialectic constructed within the Work of Art essay, and it is a contentious one; placing communism and fascism against each other in the field of aesthetic principle.[22] A German-Jewish Marxist living in France as Nazism swept through his home country, these sociopolitical opposites were nearly touching at the time Benjamin was first formulating his work, and the prognostications which conclude “Work of Art” have an immediacy to them which history has stupefied in the increasing distance between the essay’s publication and its reception. The primary organs of fascism and communism of the author’s time were both eventually defeated. But the unrealized eventualities of both, and their continual potential, are what allow the Work of Art essay to retain its relevancy today, as we continue to exist within a dialectical balance of these competing utilities of art.
Artwork has no singular utility in the 21st century capitalist economy, and this is tied directly to its status as art, placing within a sphere of subjective relevancy. Art in either the fascist or communist contexts Benjamin provided would be seen here plainly as propaganda, and would cease to be art as we think of it today. By rejecting a propagandistic approach, capitalism allows the aesthetic realm to persist as an ostensibly neutral space between state and citizenry – the space of business. Within the realm of a business transaction, the political relevancy of a work of art is decontextualized, made impotent. One can go to see paintings by Marinetti at the Guggenheim Museum,[23] or Communist propaganda made by the Dziga Vertov Group at a Metrograph matinee.[24] The message of either work is less important that the ticket you pay for it. Literary theorists have declared the author’s intention to be irrelevant to the creation of art, finding that “a text's unity lies not in its origin but in its destination.”[25] But art today is bound for many vertiginously unequal destinations, each with its own system of production and platform of distribution which allow the work to be received by audiences vastly mutable in size and selectivity. From the website to the private auction room, these platforms must as a rule be profitable, and so the conditions of reception, if not production, ensure even against the message of the work itself that the nature of the art presented shall preserve this status quo.
The status quo of capitalism is capitalism, but aesthetic techniques used under it – by artworks themselves, by the systems of production which allow these works, and the platforms of distribution which present them – can still be construed between the dialectic poles of fascism and communism. These poles, under the aegis of capitalism, no longer represent ideologies of specific dogma, as they did during Benjamin’s time, but stand in as methods for organizing power – structures of accumulation and diffusion. The techniques which Benjamin first identified as furthering fascist ideology are those which prize the artwork as unique and occult: idols, totems, original masterpieces from ubiquitously consecrated masters. Works falling under this valence are considered precious to the point of sanctity, their viewership restricted as such.[26] This is the historicized model of aesthetic appreciation, what Benjamin refers to as “the first technology” – that of the occult.[27] Techniques which undermine this mode are ones of reproduction – “the second technology” – and the redistribution of access which comes as a result: popular music; the cinema; the pastiche, homage or bootleg. By constructing works capable of widespread availability, these techniques function with an inherently communal bent, eliminating the barriers of acculturation, and the need for a patrician class to provide their sanctifying recognition.[28] Recognition of quality moves to a point of negotiated consensus, “the massive reaction of the audience, determined by the imminent concentration of reactions into a mass,” and every viewer gains the power of critical inquiry to play a determining role.[29]
Because both technologies exist robustly in our contemporary capitalist marketplace as strategies of presentation, recognition, and validation, this ensures the enduring relevance of Benjamin as modernism’s diagnostician. In regards then to aesthetic realm, capitalism can therefore be thought of as the enacted and ongoing dialectic between Benjamin’s two competing modes of technology – fascistic and communistic. The contemporary aesthetic realm is far from a set system of qualitative categories, as Benjamin imagines both fascistic and communistic bodies would entreat. Instead, this realm reproduces the capitalist marketplace in the form of suppositions and ideas, values which come into currency as methods of evaluation and classification. It is basically impossible today, at least within the United States, to encounter art which does not show conflicting ideological techniques somewhere within its content, style, presentation, distribution, or receptive setting. In making art a commodity, capitalism erodes the work’s potential for true sanctity or true accessibility. A price will be fixed (if only temporarily) for even the most priceless of works. Likewise, the most publicly-minded works will be privatized.[30]
Like stock in the marketplace, these ideological values are always in flux, and they will continue to be for as long as artwork demands a correlative profit with its reception, and this value is determined by parasitic strictures of industry which command roles of production, distribution and reception, as opposed to the artists themselves. As recent trends in the auctioning and private ownership of art have made clear, works are constantly appreciating or depreciating in value.[31] But the works themselves do not change, only the culture around them does. The dialectics between these two technological modes are therefore located in the assessments of value which circulate around a given work of art, as much as they may be employed by the techniques of that work itself. They are used as indiscriminate means for the ends of capitalism, and both the strategies of secluding and showing appear to be equally effective at turning a dollar.
It is within this productive pluralism that a conception of the aura now sits. The most influential aspect of Benjamin’s thinking (though he did not invent the concept), [32] his notion of the aura has received continuous attention since the publication of the Work of Art essay– and with it, frequent misunderstanding.[33] Benjamin defines the aura as “the unique phenomenon of distance [regarding an object], however close it may be,” and grounds this experience as one of defamiliarization within the natural realm – projection of conscious experience of human beings onto nature.[34] “If, while resting on a summer afternoon, you follow with your eyes a mountain range on the horizon or a branch which casts its shadow over you, you experience the aura of those mountains, of that branch,” Benjamin says, somewhat cryptically, considering that the aura is most typically located within the realm of the human-made.[35] Hansen, remarking upon this notes that, “The experience of the aura in natural objects is neither immediate nor 'natural' (in the sense of mythical) but involves a sudden moment of transference, a metaphoric activity.” [36] In his example, the viewer regards the mountain view not as a landscape at some physical distance, but as an image distilled and flattened by the human eye, an image distanced by its ambiguous significance. The same process then takes place when regarding a painting; its sense of weight and power is not derived from the distance at which one stands opposite pigment, canvas, and wood (natural materials all), but at the hermeneuticdistance by which the viewer regards the unnatural – a crafted image, displayed for ambiguous intentions. Why is this painting here on the gallery wall? we ask ourselves. Who made it? And why has this object from another time and place been preserved to be presented to us now? By distancing ourselves from the image before us, we then locate ourselves in relation to it.
The “distance” of the aura is therefore recognition of the work’s uniqueness, it’s specific history as a crafted object of meaning. Aura transforms nature into image and object into talisman, both of which distance us and demand our contemplation. The decline of the aura is therefore a result of “the desire of the present-day masses to ‘get closer’ to things spatially and humanly, and their equally passionate concern for overcoming each thing’s uniqueness by appropriating it in the form of its reproduction.”[37] Nature is returned to terrain; the object becomes an object again when its likeness is placed in our hand. The painting on the wall becomes a postcard or a graphic – mutable, manipulable.
As Hansen notes, “Benjamin's attitude towards the decline of the aura is profoundly ambivalent, just as the concept of aura itself displays an ‘irritating ambiguity’… If the perception of the aura thus refers to a particular appearance of nature in potentially all objects, it is also conceptualized, from the start, as dependent upon the social conditions of perception, as contingent upon historical change.”[38] In the Work of Art essay, Benjamin leaves no doubt that, being contingent upon the social conditions of perception, the experience of the aura is irrevocably in decline, precipitated by the effects of industrial modes of production, information, transportation and urbanization, especially an alienating division of labor and the proliferation of shock sensations. Yet only in the process of disintegration can the aura be recognized, can it be registered as a qualitative component of (past) experience.[39]
Benjamin further complicates the notion by identifying moments in new mass-media, particularly the cinema, where traces of auratic experience ostensibly still take place, “whether in the cult of the movie star (which ‘preserves that magic of the personality which has long been no more than the putrid magic of its own commodity character’) or in the art film’s more elevated efforts at re-auratization, encapsulated in Max Reinhardt’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1935) and Franz Werfel’s praise for the film,”[40] though it is unclear from the Work of Art essay whether Benjamin characterizes these instances of aura as new prospects of genuine continuation of the unique distancing experience, or, as Hansen condemningly stipulates, “attempts to resurrect [what has been] technologically extinguished.”[41] What is clear is that these instances of the aura have existed well beyond Benjamin’s era of nascent cinema; the cult of the movie star has a well-documented presence in mass culture which has been felt continuously since the silent era. And the art film’s attempts “re-auratization” has resulted in a full-fledged auteurization, a conference of uniqueness and historical specificity upon cinematic events, borne out of the reification of their directors as the unitary, contiguous embodiment of their filmography – the occult fetishization of the artist as genius.[42]
It is here that the assertion of Benjaminian aura as liquidated begins to fall apart. Long after Roland Barthes announced the “death of the author,”[43] mass audiences still choose to distance themselves from the mode of appropriation, still position themselves in the role of worshippers to an occult object. The cinema is a blatant product of technological reproduction, and yet a reifying response recognizes it vestigially as a product Benjamin’s first technology instead, thanks to a little sleight of hand. The modern film is no longer held to be unique as an object, but as an event.[44] To put it another way: the technique by which the film is made relies entirely upon the apparatus of the camera, which is the very metonym of the second technological mode – that of reproduction, of the liquidation of aura, of a decentralized (communist) ideology; but the methods of limited distribution and theatrical presentation surrounding the film still sets it rigidly in the mode of the first technology (in keeping with the process of ideological dialectic as capitalist incentive), which in turn takes power away from the masses as the artist together, to reify through industry an object that has every opportunity to be ubiquitous and conferring aura onto that cinematic object instead as an experience – elevating those involved in its making along the way. Though the medium of film in an inherently reproductive one, both technologies are needed in conjunction with one another to allow film industry (auratic distancing as implemented by its producers), along with film viewership (auratic distancing as implemented by the mass audience), to exist as we know them.
Aura, then, is not simply Benjamin’s “shorthand for the particular qualities of traditional art that he observed waning in modernity,” [45] but a process of venerative distancing – and, for capitalism, commodification – that applies as much to the temporal as it does to the tactile. As the masses demand ever greater proximity to tactile art objects, demystifying their specific power through reproductions, the auratic effect exerts itself in the method by which these reproductions are presented, to the point that, digital media theorist Krzysztof Ziarek notes, “The very process of exhibiting…is part of the artwork itself. The differences between users' experiences, prejudices and preferences, parameters are all part of this art work.”[46] If this is true of all art, it has become especially self-evident in conceptual art of the late 20th and early 21st centuries which has been made mutable, interactive with the audience experiencing it and – particularly in regards to internet-based artwork Ziarek studies, requires the presence audience to complete it, “unfold[ing] as a between, as an event of relating.”[47] One thinks of Michelangelo Pistoletto’s mirror works, which cannot be viewed without the viewer becoming fixed within the image.[48] One thinks of durational art – both the happenings of Allan Kaprow and New York artists in the 1960s, in which “[the] abusive involvement of the audience seems to provide, in default of anything else, the dramatic spine of the Happening,”[49]– as well as performance art, the cinema, the discotheque: technical environments imparting aesthetic spectacle as lived experience, bent upon blending with reality and “colonizing social life,” as Debord warns of immersive commodification.[50]
This dialectic process is already in place, and fuses increasingly with our conception of the aesthetic and singular. By interacting within a work art, making it about the event of its reception, users both aestheticize themselves (often dangerously so) and deaestheticize the work as separate from them, occult. As the work art becomes less removed and less tactile, the aura of reproductive technology becomes less removed and more tactile. It is an aura of atmosphere; an energy the masses inhabit rather than simply revere.[51] The singularity and power becomes one of transmutable lived experience. “If art is alive in the twenty-first century,” Ziarek declares, “it is precisely to the extent to which it is capable, often by employing the latest technologies, as in the Net or transgenic art, of raising technology as a question, perhaps as the question, which allows it to keep open the problem of the technicization of being.”[52]
Photo by Max Fecondini, Wikimedia Commons.
This returns us to the sale and reception of Edmond de Belamy, at Christie’s auction house. It must be reiterated that the painting is a portrait without a referent – a completely technicized fabrication of what has for centuries signified the recognition of a historically or socially significant human being. But here the humanity is apocryphal; even the name, Edmond de Belamy, is a fabrication, the surname utilized to pay homage through translation to the inventor of the Generative Adversarial Net, Ian Goodfellow.[53] Portraiture is one of the oldest and most trenchant forms of visual art, a symbol of considerable social power in the prephotographic age, and in the age of the camera phone one only has to pass through the room in the Louvre containing the Mona Lisa to recognize the way portraiture still exerts occult auratic appeal, which the viewing public appears insatiable to witness, venerate, capture, and reproduce.
That very power of Da Vinci’s portraiture was linked to Edmond de Belamy by the head of Christie’s Prints and Multiples department when he connected the aesthetic conformity of the inkjet print to Salvator Mundi. Yet Belamy produces no aura of occult tactility. Nothing about it speaks of singularity or specific history. It is plainly unoriginal, but that is also not the power the painting exerts. The muddled, cloudy manner in which the portrait is rendered can at first be taken as a generally impressionistic style, but on closer inspection the image falls apart entirely, turning into a series of brushed dots. There is nothing to behold, not even when looking further into the details of the compositional fact, as the portrait reveals its ostensibly oiled tones to be actually an inkjet print. In addition to this is the labor of Obvious themselves, readily acknowledging the complete lack of originality even in the methods of their algorithmic creation, which was acknowledged by other artists within the A.I. realm as formally derivative.
The only anomalistic quality contained by the work was the platform provided by its sale: it was the first A.I.-generated artwork to sell at a major auction house. This constitutes the value of the portrait, disregarding here its middling ability to mimic recognized aesthetic forms. Bidders interested in the portraiture which Obvious imitated could surely buy better-looking art – historical examples this composition was inspired by – and if their interest was instead in algorithmic inkjets, that demand was certainly not limited to only a few artworks generated in this way, as fellow artist Mario Klingemann attests. But only Edmond de Belamywas first to be bid on, and this self-effacing point of importance is precisely what places it within the realm of Duchamp’s ready-mades, as Rolez has noted. “The Obvious collective,” she writes, “seems to be mocking the feeding frenzy which characterizes not only the speculative art market but also the community of technophiles; and there is also an inherently subversive quality in the hint that objects produced by artificial intelligence can take on some of the attributes of the ready-made.”[54]
Actually, it is the first example of an anti-ready-made. Rather than elevating a recognizable, mass-produced object to the ambient signification of the aesthetic realm, Obvious aimed to turn the most recognizable metonym of cultish Victorian aestheticization – the Realist oil portrait – into a mass-produced object. It is art which demands to be recognized as of a certain form and, in doing so, immediately calls attention to the meaninglessness of such classification, subverting the values and strictures aesthetics attempt to place upon the work. The sale of Edmond de Belamy is thus one of the rare examples of the art market working against its traditional function as a site of aesthetic conferral and fetishization, and calls attention to the illusory power of occult objects, their lack of signification, returning that power to its point of origin – the eye of the beholder. But the purchase of the work is still the act which catalyzes this antiauratic critique, and the farcical form of the artwork matched by the seriousness of its final bid make for wincing irony. It is unlikely that the buyer (which we can only construe here as the anonymous mobilization of capital generated by the buyer) paused to consider the ultimately self-defeating dialectic framework out of which this work was wrought before it was time to raise their hand.
The site of the auction-house makes clear that aura of the first technology, occult veneration, is not merely disintegrating, in contrast to the typical reception of the Work of Art essay. Aesthetic events such as this, having passed beyond Benjamin’s persistent ambivalence about the auratic element, come to support this understanding. Aura is, like other forms of energy, never fundamentally lost but simply altered, mutable at times beyond our recognition and consensus. The elements of distancing and relational-identification continue to give artwork weight and power in our time as they did in Benjamin’s time. What differs are the techniques of production, presentation, and distribution – and the technics therein.
Image, Music, Texture
The occult object is increasingly countered today by platitudes of reproduction, but what many readers of Benjamin have failed to recognize is that, when that element of reproduction is itself used as a fundament of derivative production – as with apparatus-based art such as film, photography, and sampled music – an aura may reappear, now manifest in the specificity of the time and place of the artwork’s event. What is so noteworthy about this is the fact that, from art forms composed entirely through mediation, an immediate effect is endowed – one which is auratic without being occult. It is a development which returns the notion of “aura” to its origins in Wolfskehl’s “Lebensluft” essay: a “specific atmosphere” which “every material being radiates;”[55] likewise, it returns our notion of the aesthetic to that of the unacculturated “sensory experience of perception.”[56] This is the aura belonging to the second technology, when this reproductive mode is produced and distributed along the lines of the first, and it is within this practice that the potential of artificial intelligence in the present and future of artistic technique becomes clear. Artificial intelligence – GANs and other neural networks in particular – manifests for the first time the creative possibilities of derivative production across all forms and media.
In the past century, emergent modes of technological reproduction have engendered an aesthetic crisis in regards to content, a crisis mainly of attribution. Because great artworks of the past live on in duplicates, displayed ubiquitously to the masses, these artworks have retained relevance far past their given milieu in time and space, and this – alongside the increasing secularization of content from religious or otherwise occultist practices – has created an increasing need to work outside past notions of content.
In the visual arts, this impetus was met in two major ways, which define and polarize art in the 20th century: either work is created as recreation, its precedents made plain in homage (such as Rauschenberg’s collages, Picasso’s study of Las Meninas,[57] the commodity works of Warhol and Lichtenstein, Kerry James Marshall’s classicist portraits), or the artwork attempts to erase its content altogether, arriving at a place of pure form (such as the AbEx movement of the 1950s, minimalism and the conceptual art which followed it, Vija Celmin’s To Fix the Image in Memory).[58] This formal division is a vivification of the ongoing dialectic of Benjamin’s two technologies, with capitalism stepping in once again to confine both to productive plurality. Peter Schjeldahl identifies it as “a schism, which lasts to this day, between the sphere of the art world which is dominated by dealers and collectors and the one that is administered by institutions of contemporary art. Private money fuels the first, public and philanthropic money the second.”[59]
This crisis of form has reverberations across art of all fields, with variations. The notable modernist work of homage within literature is Ulysses – a pastiche of content ranging from Homer’s Odyssey through the major romantic styles of the 18th century. In doing so, it performs “the notion of a plagiaristic wandering among signifiers – of the writer as a kind of switchboard picking up voices from all over,”[60] and appears to be the primary metonym on hand of a “neutral, composite, oblique space where our subject slips away” – the definition Roland Barthes gives to writing in “The Death of the Author.”[61] But because literature as a medium is so dependent on recognizable signifiers, here the act of homage is very close to pure form – Ulysses is still considered a work of formal “experimentalism”[62]– and the commercial schism actually cleaves around the act of acknowledgement and remembrance of the artist’s technical influences (which is, in language, far easier to mask than in visual imagery) as opposed to a continual forgetting favorable to the market. The author is still very much alive within the realm of commercial literature, and the repertoire of formal techniques employed in such are commended by critics as unique of “style” – despite widespread critical acknowledgement that, as Susan Sontag puts it, “An artist’s style is, from a technical point of view, nothing other than the particular idiom in which he deploys the forms of his art.”[63] The commercial author is still praised or disparaged for their “voice,” as if that voice were unique to them.[64]
In the temporal art forms, such as film, music, and theater, both the event-based specificity endemic to these forms and an appetite for reprisal felt within spectatorship allow for the seemingly endless recycling of narratives – adaptations, revivals, sequels – which have today reached fever pitch as the epitome of the current crisis of content. That vast audiences have an unsated appetite for these reproductions (which often pass themselves off for new with only so much as a gloss on their technical underpinnings) makes plain how deeply the liberative reproductive mode remains in thrall to a commodity-oriented system of production and distribution. Even as capitalism recognizes reproduction and mass-proliferation to be superior technologies for social engagement and cultural affect, the discourse surrounding these technologies can only be one of singularity, of novelty, of momentousness. Debord presents the ironic nature of the spectacle: “Each new product is ceremoniously acclaimed as a unique creation offering a dramatic shortcut to the promised land of total consummation. But…the objects that promise uniqueness can be offered up for mass consumption only if they have been mass-produced.”[65] At the same time, the capitalistic processes by which these reproductions are anticipated, experiences, reified, and imitated are implicitly and profoundly collective ones, a hermeneutics belonging starkly to the masses.
This social experience now has an algorithmic counterpart, a computational network which can itself imitate the network of imitation and conferral within a given social sphere. This is the aesthetic implication of the neural network, specifically the Generative Adversarial Net (GAN), a class of machine learning systems which, when given a sample of data, can create data compositionally similar to it – the tool by which Obvious produced Edmond de Belamy.[66] Created in 2014 by Ian Goodfellow, GANs are a very recent technological development with vast implications for the creation, as well as the reception, of art. As Goodfellow puts it,
“The promise of deep learning is to discover rich, hierarchical models that represent probability distributions over the kinds of data encountered in artificial intelligence applications, such as natural images, audio waveforms containing speech, and symbols in natural language corpora. So far, the most striking successes in deep learning have involved discriminative models, usually those that map a high-dimensional, rich sensory input to a class label”[67]
– in layman’s terms, models which are capable of classifying data very specifically across of a matrix of recognizable qualities. Because GANs work by classifying a given data field into a statistical set, then producing new contributions to that data field which fall within that set, these neural networks have potential (dependent upon the specificity and nuance of their statistical classification) to render the unique and singular qualities of any given work of art irrelevant, and in doing so to unmake or override the occult aura of that work beyond the limits of simple reproduction. Rather than just copying a given work of art, endlessly varying derivations emerge from within its corner of aesthetic realm, clouding the field with spectral duplicates until the originality of the original is rendered indiscernible or irrelevant. The goal of the “game” Goodfellow sets up between two computers is to make it so that the discerning element is unable to tell which samples were artificially generated; up until now that discerning element has been the audience.
GANs and other neural networks are already playing a major role in our society in non-aesthetic realms, although in doing so they parallel the reproductive modes of aesthetic conferral which modernism has placed on artistic objects in the past century. Deepfakes, audiovisual synthesis, and the replication of images are turning media which occupy a functional role into sites of contested value – undermining the authenticity of a given statement, say, or modifying a politically relevant image. Joshua Rothman writes in The New Yorker, “The emerging world of ‘synthetic media,’ the work of digital-image creation—once the domain of highly skilled programmers and Hollywood special-effects artists—could be automated by expert systems capable of producing realism on a vast scale…In a media environment saturated with fake news, such technology has disturbing implications.”[68] He goes on to quote photo-forensics expert Hani Farid, who is facing increasing difficulty in determining the authenticity of images used as evidence: “‘In the past, anybody could buy Photoshop. But to really use it well you had to be highly skilled…Now the technology is democratizing.’”[69]
In the realm of artificial intelligence, we stand to witness the final collapse of the separation between art and life, the intention of the former correcting the randomness of the latter to disrupt the purported significance of both. Media have so deeply saturated the shocked sense-consciousness of the modern individual that the primarily metaphorical qualities endemic to it are forgotten. In this way, it is continually mistaken for truth, in the Nietzschian sense of such misrecognition.[70] It is only a matter of time before GANs and other neural networks become widely recognized tools of artistic production. After all, they only further the elements of infinite reproducibility and modification which have been prevalent in artistic practice for the past century, and to a lesser extent the centuries before that.
All of this results in the formation of certain aesthetic textures. It appears inevtiable that the result of GAN-generated artwork, as with the use of GANs in any form, is the identification of many textures (the data sorted into the matrices of Goodfellow’s “class labels”), and the dominance of some. “Texture synthesis,” as computer scientist Alexei Efros describes it, is “a method for intelligently sampling bits of an image and probabilistically recombining them so that a texture could be indefinitely and organically extended.”[71] This is the technology behind auto-complete, Adobe Photoshop’s “content-aware fill,” and in Rothman’s article Efros goes on to explain “that the same techniques used to create synthetic stonework or text messages could also be used to create synthetic video. The key [is] to think of movement—the flickering of a candle flame, the strides of a man on a treadmill, the particular way a face changed as it smiled—as a texture in time.”[72] In texture, the original qualities of a given work or object are quantified and extended ad infinitum, so that their techniques are distilled to generic application. This is the destruction of singularity, of rarefication in every respect, taking place through the proliferation of certain singular qualities until they become ubiquitous. The brushstrokes of a painting may be reproduced as texture to wallpaper a room. But this same mechanism can be applied to the room itself, to the entire environment of, for instance, a delicately curated museum wing. The sensuousness of those curatorial choices, the aesthetic hierarchies latent behind them – these too can become texture, applied in a virtual reality environment to create a museum which never ends, an infinite sensibility.
Specific yet ubiquitous, textures as they are applied today disregard the origin of their data in pursuit of their function as a performed role – the terms of a product meeting a market demand. Jeff Koons has reproduced paintings by Boucher, Da Vinci, Fragonard, Gaugin, Manet, Monet, Poussin, Rubens, Titian, Turner, and Van Gogh into textures, which have been applied wantonly to the exteriors of variously sized Louis Vuitton handbags.[73] The value of the original works is transmogrified into a bulwark of the value of the bags, as if by imitating unique and highly conferred art objects they may themselves become singular, their nature as mass-produced functional equipment masked by texture. Here is Debord’s irony of spectacle again, now applied to the commodity. Any lineage granted to the specific object is lost in the pure multiplicity of its copies, and its extensions – the aura of its specific import entirely atomized. This is a hyperextension of Benjamin’s concept of the reproduced artwork: an aesthetic entirely without aesthetic value, observing only the functional element of a decorative tool. The term ‘texture’ serves this mode uniquely well.
Texture is the best way of understanding the capitalistic functioning of artistic production in its own right. Again, this mode is itself merely dialectic play, between diametrically opposed fascistic and communistic technologies, but in texture – and specifically in the attributes of mechanical reproduction which makes art as texture possible – we see the capitalist system work in a way which organically frustrates both modes, extending beyond the gravitational pull of both values. Artwork in this sense only pretends its specific value, its occult status in the fascist sense of exclusive reverence, and pretension, in the capitalist milieu, is the act of performing recognition of this false specialness, an attempt to kindle exclusivity around a work which may mask it for what it is – an opportunity for texture. But texture, masked or unmasked, is anodyne; the politicization of a work as a possibly radical social instigator becomes displaced in its proliferation across commodified environments, so that its political value may only be ascertained by the service provides in normalizing the capitalistic status quo. This is not the politicization of art in Benjamin’s Marxist identification.[74] Here, reproduction effectively neutralizes incendiary art through dispersal and application. Reproduction becomes an opportunity solely for amassing wealth, not for a single individual entity but for a parasitic industry, which expands and dilates around the supply of commodified artistic styles made generic.
It is possible even now to recognize the labor chains which remember our most popularized artists today – Warhol, Da Vinci, Picasso, Haring, et al. – as cottage industries seeking to further proliferate these artists’ works, and make money doing so, though endless series of facsimiles, screen-prints, collaborations and pastiches. Piet Mondrian’s De Stijl color-blocking has become a tool so integrated with the design industry, at all calibers, that any auratic effect which the artist ostensibly authored was lost decades ago. Mondrian’s work needs no nameplate next to it denoting it is his, but his style is just as likely to be seen in dutiful pastiche on the side of a coffee mug or a t shirt as it is in an art gallery, a retroactive metonym for the clean, compartmentalized ideals of the technocratic present. Alain Dujardin writes in Wired that:
“When we, designers and producers of digital products, look at a painting by Theo van Doesburg—say, Rhythm of a Russian Dance, it almost feels like coming home: a simplified, minimalist approach to composition that matches so perfectly with contemporary digital design. Stripped to the absolute bare necessities, the artists of De Stijl promoted a design reminiscent of the contemporary web, with clean lines, solid colors, and simplicity.”[75]
The original works, when placed back in the art gallery or museum setting, no longer offer an auratic distancing, as they have no defining qualities which offset them as historical objects in the wake of a textural accumulation which has transposed them into the functional present. Rather, the effect they provoke is merely a thrill of commodity fetishism – of having seen the style out in the world across a smattering of utilitarian objects, style manifested by industry – as if one is recognizing a brand.
To create a truly unique personal style is eventual goal of many artists, and to depersonalize this style through commodification is the goal of aesthetic capitalism. The hermeneutic process which allows for this building up and breaking down of stylistic integrity revolves around individual qualities of repeated detail, which, in aggregate, form a coherent statistical set – the ideal circumstances by which artificial intelligence can function. Because it mechanizes the very role of conceptualization and creative output within the work of art to a kind of derivative generation (such as the fed sampling of GANs) all production under artificial intelligence becomes derived production. There can be no new material, if the function of the neural network is simply to recognize a matrix of qualities and generate new works within that matrix. Therefore, there can be no distancing specificity, or occult singularity, to any of these works.
As described above, art as texture is a potentiality in visual art which has already been realized proactively in certain capacities, simply through human intelligence recognizing and furthering statistical sets. The proliferation of De Stijl took place before artificial intelligence came along and predicts it across industry and time, through a historically specific process of recognition and reproduction. GANs and other neural networks have the possibility of automating this process, and thereby transcoding the much more diffuse, less immediately recognizable elements of style which exist variously across art forms, such as within literature. On Twitter, there are already “corpus-fed bots” which break up the writing of Melville, Joyce, or Anne Carson into randomly selected tweetable patterns.[76] The Hemingway App applies the corpus of that author into a set of general rules – e.g. the elimination of adverbs and passive voice – and offers this program as an editing service, to modify all writing to this style.[77] By refining Hemingway’s work into a matrix of class labels, the program undoes the writer’s own work, as co-creator Ben Long admits: “If you plug in Ernest Hemingway's writing, you'll see that he breaks the rules all the time.”[78] That this derivative, mechanical process of synthetic style has real-world implications on the rhetorical output of its users is a given, but the program’s metrics supersede even its authoring body; as NPR journalist Liston Weeks notes, speaking, it seems, from a depersonalized opinion, “We think the Hemingway App made the prose of Ernest Hemingway better prose.”[79]
In this way, digital realm as archive shows itself to be just as important as computing power itself. That computational power of a magnitude to resemble and replicate human thought now exists is world-altering, but the ability of these computers to access the full flood of the Internet – and pre-digital documents of stature uploaded to it – makes possible an artificial intelligence which imposes itself as singular consciousness, containing the entire human species’ collective consciousness. This has a remarkable effect specifically in the makeup of GANs, which require a typically large sample size of data to create a new, coherent work which stylistically matches it. The connectivity of the Internet allows GANs to sample from a supply of influences which cannot be replicated by a single human perspective. With increasing permeation of the boundaries between the physical and digital realms comes a subsequent permeation between art and life. And the increased dissolution of spatiality in the physical realm, fostered by digital communication, corresponds to a dissolution of temporality in the aesthetic realm. All styles as texture are functionally present.
No longer does the degradation of temporal specificity affect certain artworks, corresponding with their reproductive capacity. Rather, all works are equally susceptible to an exertion of the digital archive’s previously unknown power to retain relevance. The conditions which foster such recognition are precisely those of market demand, which in turn respond to the presentation and recognition of certain styles as readily available for mass-consumption. A given historical era no longer corresponds to a particular style, as they have previously for the duration of creative production. If the “central dogma” of modernism is “the idea that art must evolve,” conceptualized in the pervasive “paramilitary imagery of avant-garde and arrière-garde,”[80] then in digital postmodernism the metaphor of the avant-garde, doubles back on itself, attacking its own army in a gratuitous feedback loop, which gradually muddies every sect and movement within the vertiginous history of art into mutable, stylistic hybrids. This is the greatest capacity of art as texture: aesthetic entropy. It is also a reminder (as we will see in the moments when Dada touches Brutalism, say, or Fauvism becomes Gothic) that mutation of given forms dilutes the political presence they were initially imbued with.
“The ambivalence of this historical moment manifests itself in the fact that the instant of art's 'liberation' from the strictures of its aesthetic formation coincides with the possible disappearance of art's distinctiveness and its progressive merger with technology. This eventuality is often read in the context of the avant-garde as the end of the separation between art and everyday life,” Ziarek writes.[81] In reproducing the work algorithmically, the reproducer is quoting it, and the onus is on the reproductive entity itself to decide whether to preserve the context which the content was ushered into, to “dupe” it ironically, or to ignore it altogether. Often, maintaining the dignity and social connectivity the artwork originally offered is more work than not, and goes against the new forms this content may take in reproduction. The deepest preoccupations of the past can come to seem like trivialities in the present, and the eternal present of the archive renders all preoccupations the triviality of a shared stage. Into texture disappears all indications of specificity, as the past is recycled into an assimilated future. The threat texture poses to art, as it does with all forms of political expression, is epitomized in its ability to make anything and everything banal.
Toward Selection
All this is not to say that art is resigned to the fate of banality, any more than human consciousness is conscripted to complete technicization. If the fundamental dialectic of Benjamin’s work is the relationship between technology and nature, then the subaltern potentiality of technology as interlocutor between nature and humanity – instead of master of both – still resonates for us.[82]
In the past century alone, art forms which have become more prominently apparatus-based have moved toward integrated modes of production which foreground a kind of selective texture. This mode of artistic craft has only a passing preoccupation with originality in a world that now accommodates and archives everything under the sun, but represents an organic form of derivative production, one which still places a human individual in the role of producer, as opposed to Obvious’ neural network. Here, the main focus of artistic production is through the selection, curation and juxtaposition of diffuse, recognizable textures, by which the artist herself acts as an alternative to algorithm, accessing the totality of the digital realm and sampling from it with deliberate disregard to the compartmentalization of Goodfellow’s “class labels,” selecting instead based on the perspective of one’s specific history, and with a sensitivity towards the unique time and place in which the work will be presented. In this selective mode, artificial intelligence is contained outside of its role as collective consciousness, and returns to an apparatus of subjective representation.
The epitome of the selective mode as it exists now is the work of the DJ, and the environment of the discotheque, both of which have been largely neglected from contemporary functional analyses of art. This is particularly due to the elements intrinsic to music as a medium, which have made it so popular and readily accessible – particularly the form of the mp3, which has “occupied center stage in the world of digital audio formats,” according to Jonathan Sterne, who has in turn documented the ways in which this filing apparatus “emphasizes distraction over attention and exchange over use.”[83] Such technology has primed DJs and other samplers to exhibit textural programming and selection in advance of the computational tools that now stand to change all subsequent art forms. It is the form most suited to explore the intricacies and possibilities of mechanical reproduction today, and such exploration has been taking place in the club and rave scenes for decades. The result of this, significantly, is a highlighting and reifying of the arbitrary, the recontextualizing of a historicized object into the immediacy of the performance event.
Music sampling, like the cinema when it was first advanced, was not immediately recognized as an art form proper, as it was born out of a market for entertainment and aimed to capitalize directly on this. As with film, the proliferation of this market itself allowed for a multiplicity of styles emerge which demanded to be taken seriously as more than just utilitarian. DJing has existed as a vocation since “the turntablist experiments of Grandmaster Flash and Christian Marclay” of the 1970s,[84] which relied on the physical assemblage from the limited selection of the DJ’s personal record collection, but still the art form feels very new thanks to its “inexhaustible potential for reuse,” sampling (détournement, in the words of Debord) allows.[85] These selective sound experiences increasingly arrive – particularly in the period of time since song selection has moved into the digital realm – in the form of “radical juxtaposition,”[86] layered with or on top of generally cohesive, repetitive beats. It is not uncommon these days for selectors playing queer nightclubs in Brooklyn to decorate a predictable progression with a recording of a speech by a homophobic public figure,[87] or for the resident DJ of a rave space in Prague to end his set with a Dirty South deep cut.[88]
This is, in short, because audio recordings are sensory material uniquely conducive to transportability and adaptability – a recorded song has among the smallest byte size of any viable artistic reproduction to traffic as data within the digital sphere – as well as the fact that music is the medium most conducive to instantly relatable variances in genre and tone.[89] These recognitions become points of engagement when put into radical juxtaposition with one another, and in doing so become the best embodiment yet of what textural feedback looks like when enacted creatively. Genres, movements, and the intent which imbues them are indiscriminately mixed on the turntables, for an effect which intends to move the listener whether or not they recognize the referent. The cohesive tone of these sets themselves, a composite of the music they sample, ranges dialectically across a spectrum between distinctly utopian and ironizing polarities. It is, in short, a wholly new form of mechanical reproduction, a form Theodor Adorno identified as “synthesis, the self-production of the work”[90]– an original production that is immediate, unique, and composed of entirely reproduced material. The revolutionary apparatus for this mode is, naturally, the synthesizer, in the sense that the particular sounds the key make are mutable, set only by the variations they have with relation to the other keys.
The experiential, atmospheric qualities created by artistic synthesis are themselves quite remarkable, as they are indexical to the newly synthetic art form itself. As anyone familiar with DJed environments knows, recording and documentation is strongly discouraged worldwide, both by the show runners and other spectators. This is ostensibly to allow for a greater feeling of openness by the participants, as well as to disrupt law enforcement surveillance, but the very recognition of these factors implies an environment of convergent energy and activity very unlike the typically passive viewing experience other experiential art forms imbue. The strong sense emerges that everyone in the environment is responsible for the condition of one another’s reception of the set, tied directly to the fact that the DJ is creating something never before heard, and never to be replicated, in front of them. The event is special, private, often secreted; however, it never achieves the condition of Benjamin’s occult, auratic art, because nothing new is being ‘made’ in the space which – if it was itself recorded or processed – could then be extracted from the environment and emplaced somewhere else.
Recording or otherwise reproducing a rave inevitably falls short of it; the organic quality dissembles into its inorganic materials. The immediate event, when mediated, brings forth only other media – a series of diachronic sounds, each one identifiable and obtainable in the exact rendition which the DJ herself originally possessed to select them. By recording the set, one has no sense of the experience itself, only a testimony of the DJ’s curation and mixing. Because the apparatus foregrounds previously existent media, the assemblage of the set itself becomes both immediate and inimitable, while a recording of the set dissolves into merely the extant music once again – at best a description of the set, a crude rendering by even the most faithful of reproductive device. That such crudity is possible within the world of texturized aesthetics today – where indistinguishable renderings of artistic creations across mediums have become the hallmark of our era – allows us to imagine the ways that artistic reproduction, once totally synthesized into the act of artistic production, may reanimate the latter’s auratic power.
Wolfgang Tillmans, the digital photographer, is an early example of synthesis as production within a medium outside of the auditory – though it is no mistake that he got his start “in the early nineteen-nineties…chronicl[ing] Gen X and rave culture.”[91] Tillmans “carries a small snapshot camera so that he can be open to ‘the gift of chance’” and constantly photographs anything in his day which strikes him as interesting – an artistry with a prerequisite in the digital sphere as archive; in Emily Witt’s New Yorker profile, Tillmans method of photography is “casual and barely noticeable, often in motion.”[92] His photographs have no sense of cohesion in terms of the rendered quality of the image; when displayed in a gallery space, they can be as small as a postage stamp or fill a whole wall, and his curated environments are stridently extemporal. He is a photographer who thinks constantly not only of the image, but the form on which it is being presented, placing “magazine pages next to printed photographs and inkjet prints, clustering unframed pictures of different sizes.”[93]
Tillmans differs from nearly all contemporary photographers in that he oversees the curation, arrangement, and art handling of all of his own work, with exact specifications. This makes him more than a photographer; as Witt describes it, “The installations [are] themselves compositions.”[94] His photos may be arranged around a recognizable theme, but often they are juxtaposed in a way which are endemic to the artist’s sensibility at the moment of layout – either an intentional mental link or a whim. Intensely public images (protests, security checkpoints) collide with intensely private ones (raves, genitals, sleeping positions), alongside ambient ones (empty rooms, ocean surfaces, textures in the traditional sense) in radical juxtaposition. [95] No narrative is implied besides the artist’s own, and yet Tillman clearly arranges his exhibitions not as a narrator, but as a conduit for a multitude of experiences and perspectives, captured in the visual realm with cautious attention to the falsity of his method of mediation. He is committed to investigating the epistemological underpinnings of his work. He often includes “arrangements in his exhibitions of what he called ‘truth-study tables’—collections of articles and images that documented his process of ‘observing how I observe.”[96]
Tillmans implies a way forward for art in a world in which all creative content now has its requisite as referent, where nothing need be created because everything already exists. Art which can fully synthesize the apparatus and archive we are all now burdened with in the digitally enmeshed physical world is, and can only be, an art of selection. It matters less if this selection is from a personal archive or the collective archive of the internet; what is foregrounded is the ontology of the selective process as reconstitutive organism, as method of representing the world, and in turn displaying an epistemological awareness of said representation’s artifice. In this respect, three major revelations of synthetic production emerge: the priorities and hierarchies of the selector become the formal techniques of such production, the objects said selector produces are inherently environmental and experiential, and these environments are experienced directly and collectively by the audience as platforms for consuming media. Tillmans’ work retains and foregrounds these qualities, and stands alongside rave spaces as proof of a pattern by which to theorize derivative production: if derivative production allows for the synthesis of inorganic media into original forms, these forms will move increasingly toward selection as the fundament of artmaking.
“Wolfgang Tillmans: 2017,” installation view, Tate Modern, London, February 15 to June 11, 2017. Courtesy David Zwirner
The danger of artificial intelligence is that, because its sample range extends beyond the knowledge base of any human individual, it may be mistaken for an objective rendering of certain value systems. It is an epistemological fallacy that a mechanism crafted by humans around the subjectivity of designed problem-setting may be mistaken, in its scope and modeling, for providing an objective or inevitable outcome. This fallacy is already being applied on a day-to-day basis, in commercial marketing and online data analytics, for the purported belief of delivering to consumers what they want before they know it, based on recognizable habits and tendencies. This is, for Adorno, the condition upon which an enlightened society dies. “Debasement itself would not be possible if resistance ensued,” he writes, “if the [users] still had the capacity to make demands beyond the limits of what was supplied.”[97]
Art must take up this mantle, as it always has, to provide alternatives to homogenous value-systems and epistemologies, to reject widely conferred aesthetic options and false binaries – in short, to imagine alternative realities than those which are taken for granted as real. What is new about this is the primarily digital arena in which this ordering of stimuli plays out, as data, and the reliance upon the technical apparatuses on hand to support or subvert these homogenies. Rolez observes, in her study of Edmond de Bellamy, that “There is an obvious potency in enticing the machine to reveal its subversive and/or comic nature.”[98] Digital technologies of the recent past have been created and disseminated with immense collectivizing power, but their functions are decidedly capitalistic. It is the duty of the artist to remind us that mechanisms have many functions, and the purported value they exert can be easily reconstituted for other ideologies.[99]
Benjamin theorizes this role of the artist in an essay which predicts the task of the author as a role of primarily synthesizing existent media. In “The Author as Producer,” he writes of the ideological conditions an artist may express simply in the form of their work. Benjamin writes, “The place of the intellectual in the class struggle can be identified – or, better, chosen – only on the basis of his position in the process of production.”[100] This is, of course, Tillman’s role in hanging his own work, the DJ’s role in prioritizing “safe spaces” for dancing over those which may provide greater exposure or incentive for capital gain.[101] “Only by transcending the specialization in the process of intellectual production,” Benjamin declares, “a specialization that, in the bourgeois view, constitutes its order – can one make this production politically useful; and the barriers imposed by specialization must be breached jointly by the productive forces that they were set up to divide.”[102] Tying this idea directly to the dialectic of his two technologies – occult and reproductive – Benjamin predictively characterizes the position artists are now in at the point of synthesis, if not the deconstructed, atmospheric aura which exudes from the synthetic event: “What matters, therefore, is the exemplary character of production, which is able, first, to induce other producers to produce, and, second, to put an improved apparatus at their disposal. As this apparatus is better, the more consumers it is able to turn into producers – that is, readers or spectators into collaborators…The more exactly [the artist] is thus informed about his position in the process of production, the less it will occur to him to lay claim to ‘spiritual’ qualities.”[103]
The radical significance of the Work of Art essay resides in Benjamin’s early understanding of the necessary divestment from “spiritual qualities” in the work of artists, and the concurrent secularism already emerging on behalf of the viewing masses. The process by which works of art could undo their auratic power as objects and return to the world of signifiers and mechanisms for their own structuring was the process of mechanical reproduction of these artworks. By becoming mutable, atomized in their placement in newspapers, on postcards, clothing, and screens, the art object’s aura is concurrently atomized, the historical and material specificity of the object reduced – the hand which created it reconfigured as adept producer, rather than biblical progenitor. This was for Benjamin a positive dialectic progression away from the occult experience, and was itself evident of the mode of the second technology, that of mass reproduction, which redistributed the power of human relations back to the world around them. The relationship to nature thus changes, as Benjamin notes: “The first technology really sought to master nature, whereas the second aims rather at an interplay between nature and humanity.”[104]
The full extension of “The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility” was to better understand how the dialectic relationship between the singular and the reproducible would affect consciousness on a human level – it’s nascent potential to distract, inform, and ultimately free us from the capitalistic mode. What the theorist was likely least able to anticipate was the ongoing stalemate between these two modes: the longevity of capitalism as a system that both confers and destroys the aura upon the object, recycling vestigial structures into new fashion. We are at this point in the throes of the endurance of a mode of power based on continuous unsystematic redistribution, and this plays out in a plurality of forms which today contributes to the paradoxical and absurd harmony between functionaries of fascistic/auratic power (e.g. the Christie’s auction-house) and communistic/distributed power (e.g. the Obvious collective).
With the rise of artificial intelligence, we are on the precipice of a new age of aesthetic mutation, in which the work of art not only atomizes from the singular object of unique value into the ubiquity of the automatic copy (a recasting of form), but in which the role of production, distribution, and reception of these works may themselves become automated, turning all art objects into aesthetic events, distanced regard into atmospheric environment, and passive audience into interactive users. This is, in many respects, a step forward for Benjamin’s Marxist theory of participation, and the concurrent permeation of regimented division which is the mark of the bourgeois apparatus. At the same time, derivative production is simply another layer of representation and aesthetic metonym upon which the human consciousness may become distracted from immediate reality, to the point of reliance upon the illusory, as Feuerbach feared. This is the potentiality of modernism symptomized by the consciousness of distractive shock, and the danger of it seems ever greater with the emergent belief that artificial intelligence may present us, through mediation, with a reality more objective than our own – a technicized consciousness.
While modern shock upon the human sensorium continues to be exposed and evaluated, artist-producers have emerged which allow us to imagine alternatives to contemporary processes which successively foreground the technofuturist perspective as verified and just. Rather than divesting from technologies which affect human consciousness, artists are devising alternative functions for them, and deploying mechanisms which undermine hegemonic, capitalist value-systems. “If you look back from this vantage point on the recasting of literary forms that I spoke of earlier,” declared Benjamin, referring to the liquidation of generic and stylistic consecrations that were already taking place in his time, “you can see how photography and music, and whatever else occurs to you, are entering the growing, molten mass from which the new forms are cast. You will find this confirmed: only the literarization of all the conditions of life provides an accurate conception of the range of this melting-down process, just as the state of the class struggle determines the temperature at which – more or less perfectly – it is accomplished.”[105]
The role of the artist in this time must be to imagine alternative strategies for technicization which restore humanity’s harmony with nature, collapse the hierarchical space between artist and audience, and subvert the objectifying epistemology imposed by artificial intelligence upon the masses. The solution, then, is not to ignore technicization but to master it, and subvert the prevalent uses for it into those of more radical will.
The paradox Benjamin articulated in his work was this: the only way to get ‘closer’ to something, as the masses wish to do with all experiences of modernity, is to mediate it. This irony has led to an unimaginable surplus of images and objects demanding attention, the induction of surfaces by which we navigate essence. While technology has empowered the average user more fully within a given system, this power is undone by the increasing complication of the given systems one is placed within. This is a quality inseparable from the role of technology within the capitalist mode, as both are systems which allow anyone with enough will to power to alter them, expand them, create detours and distractions by which attention may induce profit. This quality is testament to the insuperable neutrality of technology as a tool of political consciousness. It is the labyrinth we have wrought and thus trapped ourselves in, and its expansion will not facilitate an easier exit.
[1] Cohn, Gabe. “AI Art at Christie’s Sells for $432,500.” The New York Times, 25 Oct. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/arts/design/ai-art-sold-christies.html. Accessed 2 Sept. 2019.
[2] ---. “Up for Bid, AI Art Signed ‘Algorithm.’” The New York Times, 22 Oct. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/10/22/arts/design/christies-art-artificial-intelligence-obvious.html. Accessed 2 Sept. 2019.
[3] “Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519), Salvator Mundi.” Christies.Com, 2017, www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/leonardo-da-vinci-1452-1519-salvator-mundi-6110563-details.aspx. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019.
[4] “Edmond de Belamy, from La Famille de Belamy.” Christies.Com, 2018, www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/edmond-de-belamy-from-la-famille-6166184-details.aspx. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019.
[5] Cohn, “Up for Bid, AI Art Signed ‘Algorithm,’” para. 3.
[6] Ibid., para. 3.
[7] Rolez, Anaïs. “The Mechanical Art of Laughter.” Arts, vol. 8, no. 1, 21 Dec. 2018, p.2, 10.3390/arts8010002. Accessed 2 Sept. 2019.
[8] Vincent, James. “How Three French Students Used Borrowed Code to Put the First AI Portrait in Christie’s.” The Verge, The Verge, 23 Oct. 2018, www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18013190/ai-art-portrait-auction-christies-belamy-obvious-robbie-barrat-gans. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019, para. 2.
[9] Ibid., para. 11.
[10] Cohn, “Up for Bid, AI Art Signed ‘Algorithm,’” para. 7.
[11] Cohn, “AI Art at Christie’s Sells for $432,500,” para. 1.
[12] Benjamin, Walter. “The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility,” The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media. pp. 19-55. Edited by Michael W. Jennings et al. Translated by Edmond Jephcott et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 31 May 2008. I will refer to this in text and footnotes simply as “Work of Art” or the Work of Art essay.
[13] Hansen, Miriam. “Actuality, Antinomies,” Cinema and Experience: Siegfried Kracauer, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor W. Adorno. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2012, p. 75.
[14] Hansen locates the relationship to these positions not just as mutually inclusive, but as made manifest by the other’s refutation: “The problem Benjamin recognized is that each position contains within itself another antinomic structure whose elements combine with those of its opposite in either more or less destructive ways.” (Actualities, Antinomies, 83). This is the standpoint toward dialectics which this essay adopts.
[15] Benjamin, “The Newspaper.” The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media. pp. 359-360. Edited by Michael W. Jennings et al. Translated by Edmond Jephcott et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 31 May 2008, p. 359.
[16] Hansen, “Actualities, Antimonies,” p. 75.
[17] Qtd. in Debord, Guy. Society of the Spectacle. Detroit, Michigan, Black & Red, 2016, p. ii.
[19] Buck-Morss, Susan. “Aesthetics and Anaesthetics: Walter Benjamin’s Artwork Essay Reconsidered.” October, vol. 62, 1992, pp. 3–41, 10.2307/778700. Accessed 30 Nov. 2019, p. 16.
[20] Benjamin, “Work of Art,” p. 42
[21] Ibid., p. 42
[22] The secondary dialectic, less political and more essentialist, places humanity and nature in the field of technological usage. This is tied explicitly into the fascist/communist dialectic by connecting the two types of technologies each employs to shift human consciousness – reproduction versus the occult. Benjamin: “The first technology really sought to master nature, whereas the second aims rather at an interplay between nature and humanity” (“Work of Art,” p. 26).
[23] “Italian Futurism, 1909–1944: Reconstructing the Universe.” Guggenheim.Org, 2014, exhibitions.guggenheim.org/futurism/. Accessed 2 Dec. 2019.
[24] “Un Film Comme Les Autres.” Metrograph.Com, 2019, metrograph.com/film/film/1479/un-film-comme-les-autres. Accessed 2 Dec. 2019.
[25] Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author,” Image, Music, Text: Essays, pp. 142-154. London, Fontana, 1990, p. 148.
[26] The metonym Benjamin uses here are those of direct, but non-specific religious imagery: “Certain statues of gods are accessible only to the priest in the cella; certain images of the Madonna remain covered nearly all year round; certain sculptures on medieval cathedrals are not visible to the viewer at ground level” (“Work of Art,” 25).
[27] Benjamin: “Prehistoric art made use of certain fixed notations in the service of magical practice…The subjects for these notations were humans and their environment, which were depicted according to the requirements of a society whose technology existed only in fusion with ritual. Compared to that of the machine age, of course, this technology was undeveloped. But from a dialectical standpoint, the disparity is unimportant. What matters is the way the orientation and aims of that technology differ from those of ours. Whereas the former made the maximum possible use of human beings, the latter reduces their use to the minimum. The achievements of the first technology might be said to culminate in human sacrifice; those of the second, in the remote-controlled aircraft which needs no human crew” (“Work of Art,” p. 26).
[28] Buck-Morss writes extensively about the “acculturation of the senses” as affecting the definition and an understanding of the very meaning of aesthetics over time, in what can be clearly seen as a development of the consolidation of power away from the average viewer to that of the knowing viewer. “The original field of aesthetics is not art but reality – corporeal, material, natural,” she writes, noting that “Aisthitikos is the ancient Greek word for that which is ‘perceptive by feeling.’ Aisthisis is the sensory experience of perception” (“Aesthetics and Anaesthetics,” p. 6). The original Greek sense of this perception was lost over the course of Western philosophical developments beginning with Kantian ontology, as she details in her essay. “All of the senses can be acculturated – that is the whole point of philosophical interest in ‘aesthetics’ in the modern era” (p. 6). The reversal of this fact, due to the proliferation of the art object in the hands of the masses as reproductions, is a restoration of aesthetics in the original sense of unacculturated perception.
[29] Benjamin writes about the advent of this new sensibility as it has already taken place in the cinema: “It is inherent in the technology of film, as of sports, that everyone who witnesses these performances does so as a quasi-expert” (“Work of Art,” 33), and later – “The conventional is uncritically enjoyed, while the truly new is criticized with aversion. Not so in the cinema. The decisive reason for this is that nowhere more than in the cinema are the reactions of individuals, which together make up the massive reaction of the audience, determined by the imminent concentration of reactions into a mass” (36).
[30] The exception here is perhaps only “public art” – typically, sculptures commissioned for designated public spaces. But even the public spaces are themselves subject to privatization, increasingly so in this given moment. We are in what art critic Jerry Saltz calls “an age when public space seems more and more turned by developers into private arcades for the privileged.” (Saltz, Jerry. “New York Has Solved the Problem of Public Art. But at What Cost?” Vulture, Vulture, 17 Dec. 2015, www.vulture.com/2015/12/how-new-york-solved-the-problem-of-public-art.html. Accessed 5 Dec. 2019.)
[31] A contemporary example of this can be found in the contested value of the work of artist Larry Poons in the 2018 documentary The Price of Everything. (Kahn, Nathaniel. “The Price of Everything.” HBO, 15 Nov. 2018, www.hbo.com/documentaries/the-price-of-everything. Accessed 28 Oct. 2018.)
[32] Peter Zusi notes that “The term ‘aura’ may be Benjamin’s, but the idea of its vanishing is not… As Jürgen Habermas pointed out, ‘Hegel already announced the loss of aura in his Lectures on Aesthetics” (Zusi, Peter. “Vanishing Points: Benjamin and Teige on the Liquidations of Aura.” Modern Language Review 108.2 (2013): 368-95, Modern Humanities Research Association, Apr. 2013. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019, pp. 368-369).
[33] Hansen “put[s] into question the liquidationist tenor of the essay (especially in its familiar third, 1939 version)—and, by implication, the facile reproduction of this tenor in the essay’s standard reception” (“Actualities, Antinomies,” p. 83, emphasis mine), noting that “Benjamin’s positions on film and mass-mediated modernity cannot be reduced to the antinomy of “liquidationist” versus “culturally conservative,” nor to the antinomic opposition of “distraction” versus “destruction”…The problem Benjamin recognized is that each position contains within itself another antinomic structure whose elements combine with those of its opposite in either more or less destructive ways. The most disastrous combination was currently pioneered by fascism, while alternative possibilities were eroded, in different ways, in the liberal capitalist media and Stalinist cultural politics” (p. 82).
[34] “Work of Art,” p. 34.
[36] Hansen, Miriam. “Benjamin, Cinema and Experience: ‘The Blue Flower in the Land of Technology.’” New German Critique, no. 40, 1987, pp. 179–224. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/488138, 10.2307/488138. Accessed 15 Dec. 2019, p. 188. Hansen establishes in another essay on this subject that “Benjamin’s first comment on the concept of aura can be found in an unpublished report on one of his hashish experiments, dated March 1930: ‘Everything I said on the subject [the nature of aura] was directed polemically against the theosophists, whose inexperience and ignorance I find highly repugnant. . . First, genuine aura appears in all things, not just in certain things, as people imagine.’ This assertion contrasts sharply with the common understanding of Benjamin’s aura as a primarily aesthetic category.” (Hansen, Miriam. “Aura, the Appropriation of a Concept,” pp. 104-131, Cinema and Experience: Siegfried Kracauer, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor W. Adorno. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2012, p. 104.)
[37] “Work of Art,” p. 23
[38] “Benjamin, Cinema and Experience: ‘The Blue Flower in the Land of Technology,’” p. 187
[39] Ibid., p. 189
[40] “Actualities, Antinomies,” p. 88.
[41] Ibid, p. 88.
[42] Film critic Richard Brody clarifies this mentality: “the best of Hollywood directors are the equals of great directors anywhere in the world, and…they are the equals of painters, writers, and composers of genius.” (Brody, Richard. “Andrew Sarris and the ‘A’ Word.” The New Yorker, Condé Nast, 2017. Accessed 27 May 2019, para. 1.)
[43] “Death of the Author,” p. 142. Barthes declares in the same essay, “Writing is that neutral, composite, oblique space where our subject slips away, the negative where all identity is lost, starting with the very identity of the body writing” (p. 142). His assignation of the actualization of meaning entirely to the reader is the exact opposite of auratic distancing, the very activation of the mass audience’s desired proximity and the decentralized power incumbent in “the second technology” of the communist mode.
[44] Specifically, as an event in the actualizing lineage of the auteur that “made” it. The epitome of the auratic event of the cinematic work is another sleight of hand: the idea of the premiere, which attempts to locate the film within a single moment of realization, ignoring the long and multivalent process of production and accreditation which got it to the point of theatrical presentation – as if it appeared simultaneously across the globe all at the same time.
[45] “Aura, Appropriation,” p. 104.
[46] Ziarek, Krzysztof. “The Work of Art in the Age of Its Electronic Mutability,” pp. 209–225, Walter Benjamin Studies: Walter Benjamin and Art, edited by Andrew Benjamin, London, Bloomsbury, 2005, p. 209.
[47] Ibid., p. 223.
[48] Michelangelo Pistoletto. “Man with Yellow Pants.” The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA, 2019, www.moma.org/collection/works/79435?artist_id=4641&locale=en&page=1&sov_referrer=artist. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019. Pistoletto describes his Man with Yellow Pants as “available for a continuous happening…The viewer and subject are both in the same situation, neither one can impose his will on the other.” Note that even the official museum archive image includes a viewer in the frame.
[49] Sontag, Susan. “Happenings: Art of Radical Juxtaposition,” pp. 183–190. Against Interpretation, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966, p. 184.
[50] “Society of the Spectacle,” p. 21. Debord describes the way that “social space is blanketed with ever-new layers of commodities” (21), but construes this instead as fractious and alienating.
[51] This terminology returns us to one of the original influences of Benjamin’s in regards to term “aura”: Karl Wolfskehl, as Hansen identifies. “Benjamin singles out [his] essay ‘Lebensluft’ (‘Air of Life’; 1929), which…begins with the words ‘We may call it aura or use a less ‘occult’ term—every material being radiates it, has, as it were, its own specific atmosphere. Whether animate or inanimate…created by human hand or unintentionally produced, everything thus pushes beyond itself, surrounds itself with itself, with a weightless fluidal husk.’” (“Aura, Appropriation of a Concept,” p. 121)
[52] Ziarek, p. 219. He continues: “This deliberately temporalized unfolding of experience in art seems to address precisely the prevalent foreshortening of being into information, which, no longer characterized by the rhythm of its unfolding and temporality, becomes instead circumscribed in terms of availability for storage and processing” (p. 221).
[53] Vincent, para. 5.
[54] Rolez, p. 2.
[55] Qtd. in “Aura, Appropriation of a Concept,” p. 121
[56] “Aesthetics and Anaesthetics,” p. 6. “The original field of aesthetics is not art but reality – corporeal, material, natural,” Buck-Morss notes (p. 6).
[57] “Comparative Works: Maids of Honor.” Guggenheim.Org, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2012, web.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/picasso/artworks/maids_of_honor. Accessed 15 Dec. 2019.
[58] Vija Celmins. “To Fix the Image in Memory.” The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA, 2019, www.moma.org/collection/works/100210. Accessed 15 Dec. 2019. I would argue that though this qualifies technically as example of recreative art – but of nature, not prior work – its fanatical reproduction of (and inclusion of) its catalyzing subjects amount to condemnation of “Realism” and “Naturalism” as historically wrought representation methods, thereby a reduction and essentialization of form.
[59] Schjeldahl, Peter. “Harald Szeemann’s Revolutionary Curating.” The New Yorker, Condé Nast, 2019, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/22/harald-szeemanns-revolutionary-curating. Accessed 15 Dec. 2019. Schjeldahl goes further into the distance at which these two technological modes now operate within their bifurcated market, and the ironies that ensue: “Nothing forb[ids] you from buying the American Robert Barry’sUranyl Nitrate (1969) …But imagine being responsible for four one-gram vials of a radioactive uranium salt with a reported half-life of four and a half billion years.”
[60] Bersani, Leo. “Against Ulysses,” pp. 201–229. Raritan, vol. 8, no. 2, 1988, p. 210. The proximity of Bersani’s revelations about the Joyce text to the primary method of implicating artificial intelligence into artmaking is notable. Joyce himself sounds like a Generative Advesarial Net in the way that he “cultivates a deliberately fragmentary, unusable, even ignorant relational play with the entries of culture’s encyclopedia” (p. 210).
[61] “Death of the Author,” p. 142.
[62] Bersani, p. 224 – i.e. “The experimentalism of Ulysses is far from the genuine avant-gardism of Women in Love, Le bleu du Ciel, or almost any of Beckett's fictions.”
[63] Sontag, Susan. “On Style,” pp. 18-32. Against Interpretation, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966, p. 31. Emphasis mine.
[64] This false presentation of novelty within endlessly recycled linguistic techniques still holds as the center of the literary realm, as the very terminology of the “novel” so deftly makes clear. The fact of this forgetting – and the failure of literary critics to hold their works accountable to precedence – is what leads Sontag to bemoan the “philistinism of interpretation [which] is more rife in literature than in any other art,” a polemic that undergirds her entire collection of essays from the early 1960s. (Sontag, Susan. “Against Interpretation,” pp. 10-18. Against Interpretation, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966, p. 13)
[65] “Society of the Spectacle,” p. 34.
[66] In a GAN, “A generative model G that captures the data distribution, and a discriminative model D that estimates the probability that a sample came from the training data rather than G. The training procedure for G is to maximize the probability of D making a mistake.” (Goodfellow, Ian J, et al. “Generative Adversarial Networks.” ArXiv.Org, Cornell University, 2014, arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019, p. 1).
[67] Goodfellow, p. 1.
[68] Rothman, Joshua. “In the Age of A.I., Is Seeing Still Believing?” The New Yorker, Condé Nast, 12 Nov. 2018, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/in-the-age-of-ai-is-seeing-still-believing. Accessed 19 Nov. 2018, para. 5.
[69] Ibid., para. 11.
[70] In “On Truth and Lies in an Extra-Moral Sense,” Nietzsche asks, “What, then, is truth? A mobile army of metaphors, metonyms, and anthropomorphisms—in short, a sum of human relations which have been enhanced, transposed, and embellished poetically and rhetorically, and which after long use seem firm, canonical, and obligatory to a people: truths are illusions about which one has forgotten that this is what they are; metaphors which are worn out and without sensuous power; coins which have lost their pictures and now matter only as metal, no longer as coins.” (Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. “On Truth and Lies in an Extra-Moral Sense,” pp. 42–46. Portable Nietzsche. Translated by Walter Kaufmann, Viking Press, 1976, p. 3)
[71] Rothman, para. 15.
[73] Louis Vuitton. “Masters - A Collaboration with Jeff Koons.” LouisVuittonUS, LVMH, 27 Oct. 2019, eu.louisvuitton.com/eng-e1/articles/jeff-koons-masters-collection-available-online-and-in-stores. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019.
[74] Buck-Morss writes that “If we were really to ‘politicize art’ in the radical way he is suggesting, art would cease to be art as we know it. Moreover, the key term ‘aesthetics’ would shift its meaning one hundred and eighty degrees. ‘Aesthetics’ would be transformed, indeed, redeemed, so that, ironically (or dialectically), it would describe the field in which the antidote to fascism is deployed as a political response.” Texture, for all its communistic potential, has been programmed specifically for mass-produced commodification in mind, rather than the “task far more difficult – that is, to undo the alienation of the corporeal sensorium” (“Aesthetics and Anaesthetics,” p. 5)
[75] Dujardin, Alain. “This 100-Year-Old Dutch Movement Shaped Web Design Today.” Wired, Condé Nast, 26 Jan. 2017, www.wired.com/2017/01/this-100-year-old-dutch-movement-shaped-web-design-today/. Accessed 16 Dec. 2019, para. 2.
[76] Broughton, Ellie. “Encountering Literary Bots in the Wilds of Twitter.” Literary Hub, Grove Atlantic, 2 Mar. 2017, lithub.com/encountering-literary-bots-in-the-wilds-of-twitter. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019.
[77]“Hemingway Editor.” Hemingwayapp.Com, Hemingway Editor, 2013, www.hemingwayapp.com. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019.
[78] Qtd. in Weeks, Liston. “Hemingway Doesn’t Always Live Up To His Code.” Npr.Org, National Public Radio, 2019, www.npr.org/sections/theprotojournalist/2014/03/05/282887992/hemingway-doesnt-always-live-up-to-his-code. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019, para. 16.
[80] Sontag, Susan. “Nathalie Sarraute and the Novel,” pp. 74-81. Against Interpretation, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966, p. 74.
[81] Ziarek, p. 215.
[82] Benjamin writes that “The mastery of nature (so the imperialists teach) is the purpose of all technology. But… technology is the mastery of not nature but of the relation between nature and man. Men as a species completed their development thousands of years ago; but mankind as a species is just beginning his” (Benjamin, Walter. “To the Planetarium,” The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media. pp. 58-59. Edited by Michael W. Jennings et al. Translated by Edmond Jephcott et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 31 May 2008, p. 59). This is a further development of his assertion in the Work of Art essay that “The first technology really sought to master nature [through occult means], whereas the second aims rather at an interplay between nature and humanity” (“Work of Art,” p. 26).
[83] Sterne, Jonathan. “The Mp3 as Cultural Artifact,” pp. 825–842. New Media & Society, vol. 8, no. 5, Oct. 2006, 10.1177/1461444806067737. Accessed 17 Dec. 2019, pp. 825-828.
[84] From editor’s introduction to Lázsló Moholy-Nagy’s “Production–Reproduction: Potentialities of the Phonograph,” qtd. in “DJ Culture,” pp. 1067–1144. Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music, edited by Christoph Cox and Daniel Warner, New York, Bloomsbury, 2017, p.1073.
[85] The Situationist International, “Détournement as Negation and Prelude.” (qtd. in “DJ Culture,” p. 1080).
[86] This terminology is Sontag’s, applied by her in reference to the Happenings of 1960s New York, and instructively placed within the Surrealist milieu: “The Surrealist tradition in all these arts is united by the idea of destroying conventional meanings, and creating new meanings or counter-meanings through radical juxtaposition (the “collage principle”) …The Surrealist sensibility aims to shock, through its techniques of radical juxtaposition” (“Happenings,” p. 187).
[87] DJ Sprinkles, Resident Advisor twenty four/seven. Nowadays, New York. June 26-27, 2019.
[88] Fatty M, #No_borders. Ankali, Prague. April 19-20, 2019.
[89] [Citation - Jonathan Sterne, The MP3 as Cultural Artifact]
[90] Adorno, Theodor. “On the Fetish Character in Music and the Regression of Listening,” pp. 270–299. Aesthetic Theory, edited by Gretel Adorno and Rolf Tiedemann, London, Continuum, 1997, p. 284. It is crucial to note that, in paraphrasing Adorno, I am taking on his theory of self-production by applying it counterintuitively to the way he used it. For Adorno, synthesis is the cherished act of “symphonic effort” he idealizes onto productions which existed before recording and reproduction rendered them obsolete, or at least in competition for the records as a true performance. Adorno nostalgicizes these instances against what he calls “the new fetish”: “flawlessly functioning, metallically brilliant apparatuses… [in which] its performance sounds like its own phonograph record” (p. 284). Adorno is here referring to the technicization of the symphony, but his words apply even more aptly to the work of electronic music. I therefore agree with Adorno’s statement and extend it into the present, repositioning it as such: it is undeniably true that all forms of performed music, particularly pop, have a live component that is now only secondary, imitative, of their recordings. The only synthetic space which exists in music now, the one which most closely resembles the symphonies of the pre-recorded age, are therefore the unrecordable, unpredictable spaces where DJs select. Their assemblage of media is only truly immediate form of popular music extant today.
[91] Witt, Emily. “The Life and Art of Wolfgang Tillmans.” The New Yorker, Condé Nast, 10 Sept. 2018, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/09/10/the-life-and-art-of-wolfgang-tillmans. Accessed 25 Sept. 2018, para. 4. Tillman’s photography here is a notable, and unique counterexample to the otherwise exploitative attempts at capturing and reproducing the rave space; the formal qualities of his photography were themselves in homage to the immediate environment. As a rule, “He does not publish photographs of underground spaces or parties until they have closed down” (para. 42).
[93] Ibid., para. 29
[95] Wolfgang Tillmans: Rebuilding the Future, 26 Oct. 2018-10 Mar. 2019, Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin. Visited Feb. 8, 2019.
[96] Witt, para. 44.
[97] Adorno, p. 285.
[99] To put it in a specifically Marxist construction: The use-value of the mechanical object must be resurrected outside of the shadow of its exchange value as a commodity. As Adorno notes, “The more inexorable the principle of exchange-value destroys use-value for human beings, the more deeply does exchange-value disguise itself as an object of enjoyment” (“On the Fetish Character in Music and the Regression of Listening,” p. 279). Reimagining technological development outside of a capitalist ideology would drastically recast the roles it plays within mass society. Art today has the duty to offer alternatives which provide us with a more harmonious mediation between humanity and nature incumbent with Benjamin’s second technology.
[100]Benjamin, Walter. “The Author as Producer,” pp. 79-95. The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media. pp. 19-55. Edited by Michael W. Jennings et al. Translated by Edmond Jephcott et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 31 May 2008, p. 85.
[101]The safe space trend is “bolstered by a global network of promoters, artists, DJs, and party-loving activists who believe that creating that ‘everybody’s free to feel good’ environment can only be achieved through clear communication of expectations, boundaries, and consequences.” (Kakaire, Christine. “A Space to Be Yourself: The Rise of Safe Space Parties.” DJMag.Com, Thrust Publishing Ltd., 11 Sept. 2019, djmag.com/longreads/space-be-yourself-rise-safe-space-parties. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019, para. 7).
[102]“Author as Producer,” p. 87.
[103]Ibid., pp. 89-93.
[104] “Work of Art,” p. 26
[105]“The Author as Producer,” p. 88. | [
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Daily Dose: Rose Cousins, “I Would Die 4 U”
Posted on February 18, 2023 February 5, 2023 Categories Musical Miner
Might be one of my favorite covers of all-time.
Tagged cover song, Daily Dose, folk music, Nostos Algos, Nostos Nic, Prince, singer songwriter, song of the day
Daily Dose: Dina Ogon “Mormor”
Daily Dose: Eva Cassidy with the London Symphony Orchestra, “Tall Trees In Georgia” | [
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Tag Archives: life goals
The Elusive Bucket List
July 10, 2011 Listsbucket list, life goals, life list, the bucket list movie, things to do before you dieRebecca
Although there are more pressing matters at hand, I’ve got to get to work on my Bucket List. I thought such things would have faded away by now but everyone in America (and Australia) seems to not only have such a list but has put it online and differentiated between the items that have, and those that have not, been accomplished. I’m starting to feel as though not having a list with at least 47 items on it, with at least one check off, is a shortcoming.
Interestingly enough, I recently learned about the origin of this pop culture phrase. When screenwriter Justin Zackham was putting together his list of “things to do before he kicked the bucket,” one of the items was “Write A Really Annoying Movie That Would Serve As a Vehicle For Two Once Vibrant But Now Fading Actors.” Voila! The movie The Bucket List was born, changing the lives of middle-aged people across the nation.
[By the way, I would be more excited about Zackham’s TV show Lights Out if it starred Tony Danza as the former heavyweight boxing champ struggling to find his identity after the ring AND if that new identity turned out to be being a nanny and housekeeper for two precocious kids.]
I worked with a woman who liked the movie The Bucket List with an intensity that made me uncomfortable. If the room ever got quiet (I worked in a room with two other people, her being one of them) she would break the silence by saying something like, “Rebecca, what’s on your Bucket List?” I would have to bite back comments like, “Item number one is to say something like, ‘The tribe has spoken,’ and then cut out your tongue,” and make stuff up like, “Bike through Vietnam,” or “Climb that mountain that everyone is always climbing and leaving their trash on top of.”
Then she’d say something like, “My Bucket List includes visiting an elephant sanctuary and helping retired circus elephants,” which was touching and made me sympathetic towards her until she would do something like turn on Zydeco music and dance around the room or tell us about the last time she got to tour a plantation.
People have any number of things on their Bucket Lists. For example, unbeknownst to me, my mother’s Bucket List included being a member of a dragonboat team. I didn’t even know what a dragonboat was until suddenly she was on a team. Paddling on the team makes her supremely happy. The last time I was home she was surfing the Internet, hungry for more dragonboat news. I guess this is a case of Bucket List Gone Right.
If you Google “Bucket List” the first thing that comes up is, of course, the beloved film. But then there are many websites and blogs dedicated to people’s pursuits of their own lists. There are even sites dedicated to helping you come up with a bucket list if you can’t come up with one for yourself.
Let’s think about that for a moment. You can’t come up with anything you’d like to do before you die… so… you’re ready to die, don’t you think? Unless, “Watch another season of America’s Got Talent,” can qualify as a Bucket List item, I think you’re about done on this planet. Stop taking up resources.
Here are some items I saw on various Bucket Lists on the web:
Take a jumping picture. Now, do you need to write this down? Writing it down would take longer than taking a jumping picture. And if you can’t just take a picture of you jumping then… is it really all that important? “Oh, it’s December 2014 and I still haven’t gotten around to taking that jumping picture and now I can’t jump anymore because of my knees. Well… I guess I give up that dream.”
Cage of Death. I’m not making this up. Someone simply has “Cage of Death” on their Bucket List. I have no idea where this cage is located but I’m going to guess it’s very close to hell. Yes, I would love, love, love to be put into a Cage of Death and then go to get ice cream.
Win a stupid competition. Uh… check.
Get a job delivering pizzas on a motorbike. I guess the motorbike is supposed to add glamor to an otherwise sad ambition.
Make love with guys from each country. I’m telling you right now, Afghanistan is going to be a tough one, Western Devil Temptress! Also, I don’t know… those red beards… not really a turn-on.
Help a child survive. Millions of people do this each day. It’s called parenting.
Sing karaoke with a drag queen (or lip sync). Why??? Let me guess what the song would be… Would it be, by any chance, “I Will Survive?”
Get a joke Lonely Hearts ad in the newspaper. And then you know what would be super funny? If a real Lonely Heart answered the ad, thinking that you were the person he or she was looking for and you could be like, “Ha ha ha, loser! That was a FAKE ad! Which makes you a bigger loser because you FELL FOR IT, silly, hopeful Lonely Heart.”
Get a meaningful tattoo. Which can only mean one thing:Â Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck playing hacky sack.
Oh, the fun of looking through people’s bucket lists could go on and on for days! Possibly my favorite bucket list had only two items on it. Number one was, “Make a bucket list,” and number two was “Learn to play a tin whistle,” which couldn’t possibly be very time-consuming or difficult. Setting yourself up for success – now that’s what I’m talking about.
But I still don’t know if I’m confident enough to start my own list. It seems like a huge commitment to doing a lot of zany stuff and, at the same time, a comment upon my very being. One does not want to produce an obvious or boring list. It is not enough to say something like “Sky dive,” because everyone (really – I saw it on about 30 lists) has that on their list. It needs to be more daring and have elements that surprise and delight. So maybe, “Sky dive naked while eating salmon that was not farm-raised.”
Instead of “Drink Dom Perignon while watching polar bears in the wild,” it should be “Have Dom Perignon sipped from my bellybutton while watching polar bears eat seals in the wild but be too drunk to feel bad for the seals.” Instead of “Celebrate my grandmother’s 100th birthday by returning with her to the barn where she was born,” it should be “Take my Grandma to da club for her 100th birthday and order VIP bottle service and then leave without paying so we can joy ride out to the place where the barn she was born in used to stand before it became a Kwik Trip.”
Brevity in Bucketing would not be my strong suit. The truth is that my list would just become a complicated, amended, edited mess that I would start over at the beginning of every month along with my promises to diet and exercise.
Annoyed and confused, I asked Keith if he has a bucket list.
“Nope,” he said.
“I don’t know. I’m too young.”
Well, I guess that’s one way of looking at it. My attempts to explain that even young people have such lists today, that it’s never to early to start, were met with indifference.
So here’s a Bucket List item that maybe only the band The Who would truly appreciate: Die before having a Bucket List becomes an issue. | [
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562,
3376,
297,
4352,
325,
391,
6664,
28731,
3969,
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459,
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506,
1259,
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333,
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8634,
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28713,
5046,
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3152,
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513,
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4580,
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12040,
4294,
2166,
390,
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3890,
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15829,
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13,
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2971,
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8232,
272,
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415,
365,
11191,
3231,
395,
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16800,
369,
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528,
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28723,
1047,
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2003,
2270,
1433,
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4198,
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2003,
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1014,
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3372,
442,
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737,
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3427,
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367,
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1432,
727,
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538,
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3435,
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1202,
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] |
HomeInvestingInvesting For Novices And How It Can Be Made Simple
Investing For Novices And How It Can Be Made Simple
Financial professionals would agree that the best way to grow your extra income is with investments. A particularly profitable choice can be found in real estate investing, if you know how to go about it. Read on for some useful tips on how to get started in the field and grow with it.
Think carefully about the form of real estate investing that you are most interested in pursuing. Flipping a property may be for you. Perhaps, you find out you like those renovation projects instead where you have to develop certain ideas from scratch. Each project is different, so be sure you are ready for what you choose.
Know that reputation is important will help you in the real estate investing world. Because of this, you should always be honest with clients and stand by the things you say. This will give you the credibility around town that will make people more loyal to you.
Inspections cost money. However, if there are problems with the property that cannot be seen by the naked eye, you are likely to spend much more money in the long run. Therefore, think of an inspection like an investment and always have one done prior to purchasing a property. It may not uncover anything, but there is always the chance that there is something seriously wrong with a home.
Be a visionary in your real estate purchases. You can create instant equity where virtually none existed before with a little creativity and hard work. For example, a quick paint job can put a property in prime condition for selling, as can landscaping. A quick fixer-upper can mean a quick and profitable sale!
Be sure that you’re able to get the money back that you invest in the property, plus a little extra. This will give you a great profit in the end. In order to make a profit on the property you may have to renovate it.
Many people who are interested in buying and selling real estate join real estate clubs, and you should too! In this venue, you will find a high concentration of people who are interested in the properties you have to offer and/or who have properties on offer that you may really want. This is a great place to network, share your business cards and fliers and promote your business.
Keep your cool in the beginning. It may take a longer time than you anticipated for your first deal in real estate to present itself. Maybe the terms weren’t right or you just couldn’t find a truly great property. Don’t become impatient and make less than perfect investments. That’s a poor use of your funds. Wait for the right investment to come along.
Always factor in after a thorough inspection of a property the repairs that need to be made prior to your profits. If you’re planning on selling a property, the repairs will need to be completed prior to the sale. If you plan to rent your property, you need to factor in maintenance costs. Either way you should allow for some padding when you come up with a plan so you can make money realistically.
Take extra precaution when you read about offers of cheap land deals in another state. The quality of the land may not be as good as you may think. Do not just take someone’s word for it. If you are truly serious about investing in it, you will have to take a trip out to see the land for yourself.
If you are a partner with someone else in your real estate investments, you may wish to look into a non-recourse type of loan. This kind of loan will protect you if your partner is irresponsible or the two of you have a falling out. This will give you flexibility with making good money.
If you’ve lost money on an investment, take the time afterwards to understand why it happened. Look at your books and see where you went over-budget. Think about the things that you could have done differently to keep the numbers in check. Since big money is involved here, you need to learn as much as you can from your own mistakes.
Certain costs included with real estate investment don’t always yield directly traceable and tangible benefits. These include marketing and inspections. Yet, you need to always treat these as investments, because they mean you find possible deals and prevent yourself from getting involved in bad ones that lose you a lot of money.
Although it can seem a bit daunting at first, investing in real estate doesn’t have to be out of reach. It’s a buyer’s market at the moment, and allowing some time to pass will let you see great profits. Remember these tips before you begin to invest in real estate.
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President John F. Kennedy discussing Laos during a press conference at the State Department Auditorium, 23 March 1961, a few weeks after he signed off on NSAM 29. (Photo from John F. Kennedy Presidential Library Web site; accession number AR6454-B)
THE LAST NSAM STANDING
Deconstructing a Secrecy Blunder:
A Study in Dysfunction
National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 342
Posted - April 21, 2011
John Prados - 202/994-7000
Also by John Prados
Inside the Pentagon Papers
Edited by John Prados and Margaret Pratt Porter
University Press of Kansas
Washington, D.C., April 21, 2011 - The United States Government’s system for the release of classified material into the public domain continues to be riddled with error, ignorance, arbitrary actions, and simple inaction, while often impaired by parochial agency interests that have nothing to do with the protection of national security secrets, an analysis of a recently declassified document plus associated materials shows. The Obama administration’s efforts to cope with a backlog of more than 400 million pages of documents that have long been queued up for declassification review (see the Archive’s new 2011 FOIA Audit) will remain hamstrung as long as the underlying system rewards inaction amid mounting—and significant—costs both to the American taxpayer and to genuine national security interests.
The National Security Archive here posts a case study of sorts—a selection of documents which are analyzed not so much for their historical value as for what the materials show about operation of the declassification system. This inquiry has its origins in a quest by Archive senior fellow Jeffrey T. Richelson to obtain the declassification of presidential national security directives issued since President Harry S. Truman (The Archive has published two sets of them in collaboration with ProQuest). During the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, the highest level directives that flowed from the White House were called National Security Action Memoranda (NSAMs). President John F. Kennedy issued 173 NSAMs during his time in office. Reaching the point where only NSAM-29, on Laos, dated March 9, 1961, remained secret, Richelson finally obtained the declassification of this directive on October 29, 2010, almost fifty years after it was issued.
As the “last NSAM standing,” NSAM 29 received significant attention inside the National Security Archive. But to the present author, the Archive’s project director on Vietnam war records, it immediately seemed familiar. A search for related records produced the other items posted here, which provide the context for discussion of NSAM-29’s release. More importantly, however, the search disclosed that the document, far from being the last NSAM standing, was already in the public domain, in multiple versions, some more than a decade old. Given present controversies over secrecy in America, the case of the last NSAM illuminates the enormous problems that are endemic in the declassification system.
Kennedy administration policy on Laos was the special focus of NSAM-29. The Laos crisis had flared up during President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s final months in office, and during the transition to Kennedy’s presidency it was Laos which Eisenhower told Kennedy would be his biggest problem upon entering the White House. Various U.S. agencies framed action plans to use force in Laos, and NSAM-29 reflects President Kennedy’s agreement with some of those plans. But Kennedy ultimately decided that a negotiated solution would be preferable and initiated feelers that led to the Geneva Agreements of 1962. Though the underlying historical issues are important in their own right, the item notes below and documents posted here frame the specifics adequately. These will be dealt with only as they bear on United States decisions about declassifying the documents.
The first point of interest is that the United States government considered this Laos policy decision very much a privileged document. This national security action memorandum was actually one of two approved that same day. The other presidential directive, NSAM-28 (Document 6), though it demanded preparation of plans for special operations into “Viet-Minh territory,” was signed by a subordinate official, national security adviser McGeorge Bundy, where President Kennedy personally signed NSAM-29 (Document 5c). Moreover, the U.S. government posed no objection to the publication of the Bundy-signed NSAM once it leaked as part of the Pentagon Papers. This document appeared in 1972 when the House Armed Services Committee published a government-reviewed version of the Pentagon Papers. (Note 1)
The Laos NSAM, on the other hand, remained classified into the 1990s. When the State Department came to release its official record for this period, the Foreign Relations of the United States, (Note 2) NSAM-29 was not included or even mentioned though other documents in the series presented here were.
What made the Laos national security action memorandum so sensitive? The president’s decision ordered the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to spearhead important initiatives designed to strengthen pro-U.S. Laotian forces, including both combat and supply functions. Through its proprietary company Air America (known in these documents as Civil Air Transport, or “CAT”) the CIA would move supplies both into and within Laos by aircraft and helicopter. The agency would form a covert unit of B-26 bombers to be based in Thailand for strikes in Laos against North Vietnamese forces and indigenous guerillas and furnish crews for both transport and combat aircraft. It would recruit crews from both U.S. military personnel in civilian guise and third-country citizens (Nationalist Chinese). A CIA-backed Thai special forces unit called the Police Aerial Recovery Unit (PARU) would increase its commitment to another CIA force, the Hmong (“Meo”) secret army, and the Thais would also be asked to send some artillery batteries covertly to Laos. Ten of the directive’s seventeen action points involved the CIA. The secret use of Thai bases and troops for operations in Laos was also deemed important to keep classified for reasons of national security.
During the companion war in Vietnam, Thailand became a major base for American forces, particularly air forces, and the Thais openly sent troops to South Vietnam. The Thais later also greatly expanded their covert involvement in Laos. But both wars ended in 1975. In addition, both CIA and Thai participation in Laos had become mere fictive secrets long before the wars ended, since American and foreign journalists, relief workers, scholars, and political activists had all reported on the facts. Of course the facts were also perfectly known to Laotian and Vietnamese communists, so U.S. official secrecy had no impact there. The government of Thailand changed in 1976, and even though several subsequent prime ministers or military strongmen had participated in the Vietnam-war era alliance with the U.S., Thailand’s subsequent forging of closer relations with the People’s Republic of China led it away from the American orbit. After 1975 the government of Laos changed as well, so its interests were not being protected. In short, the need for U.S. official secrecy diminished steadily after 1975. After a certain point the only national security interest being protected by the U.S. government was the open secret of the CIA’s role in Laos.
This brings us back to the documents. As seen, in 1994 the Kennedy NSAM was still considered too “hot” to include in the Foreign Relations series. From a declassification standpoint this situation was already unsustainable. Under a 1992 Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for Joint Chiefs of Staff chronologies of the war in Laos, the Department of Defense released much of the substance of NSAM-29 (Document 1, p. 42-43) without explicitly identifying the paper. In this version, security officials continued to guard the language concerning the CIA. The presidential directive was first specifically revealed in April 1998 when the copy bearing John Kennedy’s signature was declassified. Again the CIA and Thai involvement mandated by the NSAM was the focus of the deletions made in this release.
This secrecy protection extended to related materials. A March 7, 1961 meeting of a Kennedy administration interagency task force on Laos, whose discussions prefigured the decision made in NSAM-29, naturally generated its own meeting record (Document 2a). As early as 1994 this document was included in the Foreign Relations of the United States volume concerning Laos, with deletion of the text that concerned the CIA/Thai Police Aerial Recovery Unit serving with the Hmong secret army. (Note 3) The document came up for consideration again under a mandatory declassification review request filed with the John F. Kennedy Library. In October 1999 the government opened a new version of the task force meeting record. No material was released other than what had appeared in the Foreign Relations series.
As of 2000 it thus appeared that U.S. authorities had held the line on protecting the national security “secret” of CIA/Thai involvement in Laos—for nearly 40 years. This was not, in fact, true. Independent researcher Mark Perry had used the FOIA in the late 1970s and early 1980s to examine American policy in Laos. Among the documents released to him was the record of the March 7, 1961 Laos task force meeting, complete with its language that dealt with the CIA/Thai special forces unit (Document 2b). Even at the official level, therefore, government secrecy authorities had breached their own precedent of protecting the CIA’s Laos secret, many years earlier. Officials then proceeded to behave as if the disclosure had never happened, repeatedly refusing to include the same information that had previously been opened.
Exactly the same thing happened with the presidential directive NSAM-29. This researcher filed for declassification of a copy of the paper in 2001. Apparently authorities had finally determined that there was no longer much point in continuing to protect the CIA Laos secret. In November 2002 a copy of NSAM-29 was declassified (Document 5a) that contained President Kennedy’s instructions to the CIA on Laos, leaving only a few words still excised. As it happens, Archive fellow Richelson requested the release of a copy of this same document from a different file location at the John F. Kennedy Library in January 2004. His declassification request was arbitrarily denied in its entirety—hence the “last NSAM standing.”
In the meantime it happens that the Air Force had prepared official histories of the war in Laos, culminating in a detailed volume published in 1993. (Note 4) The Archive had filed for this to be released, and the Air Force did nothing despite repeated reminders. In 2005 the Archive filed suit in federal court for declassification of Air Force material, obtaining a partial summary judgment in April 2006. The Air Force history contained substantial material on both the CIA and Thai roles in Laos, virtually all of which was deleted when the history was released in August 2006. This flew in the face of the U.S. government’s own revelation of the CIA’s Laos secret four years earlier. The Archive appealed the Air Force decision, compelling that department to coordinate with CIA and State Department for the release of more CIA information from the history. In 2008 much of the CIA material was restored in a fresh redaction which we then posted. In addition, under a 1992 FOIA request, in March 2009 the CIA declassified its own official history of the war in Laos, (Note 5) which the Archive also posted.
Thus by December 2009, when Dr. Richelson filed a fresh request for a copy of NSAM-29, these other events had intervened. The document was finally released to him in October 2010 (Document 5b). The marginal notes on the paper, even though heavily faded by reproduction, show that this copy of NSAM-29 was made from exactly the same original as the version of the presidential directive opened to the public in November 2002 (Document 5a). In addition, another copy of the same document was declassified in the Bromley Smith papers on August 25, 2010 without the researcher being alerted to this fact. (Note 6) In all these documents the redactions are identical to those on the copy declassified in November 2002. Yet even today, on the Kennedy Library website, NSAM-29 is still listed as being classified despite being available in Kennedy’s presidential papers for more than eight years and in the face of its recent release to Dr. Richelson.
Deconstruction of the declassification actions on these documents reveals what is in many ways a dismaying story of rampant secrecy, obfuscation and poor interagency coordination. After information had already been declassified in the Laos task force record, officials continued to try to keep it under wraps—and it remains secret in the version to which many researchers have access even today. A presidential directive that was released in at least two forms in several separate documents and in multiple copies was then completely denied—and is still listed as classified in Kennedy Library reference materials. The Air Force was completely unresponsive to Freedom of Information requests, and only when forced to act by a court and a FOIA appeal did it agree to coordinate the release of CIA information that was already in the public record. The CIA took seventeen years after a FOIA request for release of its Laos histories, and in fact created this particular work in part in order to avoid responding to FOIA on the underlying historical studies (see EBB No. 284). When citizens wonder why there is a backlog of over 400 million documents awaiting declassification, actions like these show that the system is still in certain respects significantly flawed.
There are a number of reasons why the system is troubled. First, authorities frequently confuse source with substance. A national security secret consists of information, not documents per se. Confronted with a request to open a particular document, officials too often approach the task de novo, ignoring previous decisions on the same information as contained in other source materials, or indeed the same document. This results in a vicious circle in which the same information has to be reviewed again and again, absorbing effort that should be devoted to opening fresh documents. This weakness is compounded because there is inadequate knowledge across agencies—and even within the same agency—as to what has already been released.
Second, government agencies follow a concept of “equity,” which embodies a notion that information belongs to the agency that first put it into a document. Thus, its views should be decisive in deciding whether the information can be safely declassified or not. Then that agency claims the primary responsibility for any declassification action concerning that information. In the case of NSAM-29, the CIA asserted an equity in a National Security Council directive because the paper contained instructions to that agency. While it is understandable that CIA wants to protect what it considered sensitive information relating to secret operations, here the CIA was asserting ownership of information in NSC and Joint Chiefs of Staff documents, information that consisted of higher-level instructions which it had not originated, merely because the CIA was to be the designated action agency. Equity is inconsistent with an efficient declassification system. Parceling out (or “referring”) documents to agencies that assert equities subject the records to laborious, time-consuming transit and coordination procedures, complicating any efforts to expedite declassification. Technological innovation makes the concept of equity even more pernicious. When the time comes to declassify computer-age databases, to which many agencies simultaneously contribute, enforcement of equity could induce serious paralysis within the declassification system.
Third, the notion that information can or should be reclassified after it is released is a significant problem. Not only can this re-ignite the vicious cycle of multiple reviews of the same document, it can have a deterrent effect. No bureaucrat wants to be responsible for releasing information that may later be deemed necessary to reclassify. This leads to an ultra-cautious approach in which only the most innocuous information makes it past the censors. Under the parallel method called Mandatory Declassification Review, an interagency body can overrule agency decisions, but this falls short of true accountability because the censors suffer no consequences for their initial refusal to open information. In general the system provides few incentives for declassification activism, and the addition of this dollop of bureaucratic caution is potentially crippling. Such attitudes are very likely involved in what happened to NSAM-29.
Fourth, classification inflation is a huge problem. Over the years secrecy has been imposed on less and less sensitive levels of information, to the degree that the last (Bush) administration determined to regard “unclassified” information as secret. If “Wikileaks” demonstrates anything, it is that “secret” has been stamped on much innocuous information to avoid putting it on an easily available database. Our presidential directive NSAM-29 was rated “top secret” because it concerned a secret war in Laos. Today that information would very likely be placed above top secret, at the level of “special compartmented information.” Classification inflation plus bureaucratic conservatism adds up to ossification of openness—and a burgeoning mountain of paper in high-tech vaults that that must be carefully watched—which costs money every day. Secrecy has real costs, in real dollars.
A system based upon these pillars created the morass in which NSAM-29 was caught, one in which repetitive and contradictory classification decisions kept officials running around in circles. Little progress can be made under such circumstances. To address these problems, the Obama administration, in addition to steps such as issuing a new presidential directive (Executive Order 13256) and advancing uniform standards for secrecy regulations, has created the National Declassification Center, based at the National Archives, to promote the close process of interagency coordination that is necessary to help rationalize the declassification system. Time will tell, however, whether the NDC is enough of a fix and whether it can raise review standards, reduce the impact of equity in slowing declassification, and close the vicious circle of repetitive reviews to the point where what happened with NSAM-29 does not happen again.
Read the Documents
Document 1: Chronological Summary of Significant Events Concerning the Laotian Crisis, Second Installment, 1 February to 31 March, 1961.
Historical Division, Joint Secretariat, Joint Chiefs of Staff, May 19, 1961
Source: Archive FOIA
This Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) chronology reports the evolution of American strategy and policy for Laos on a daily, almost cable-by-cable basis. It supplies detailed accounts of U.S. diplomacy and military action and records a growing sense of frustration in Washington at the failure of the Laotian forces of America’s ally, General Phoumi Nosavan, to make progress despite U.S. efforts to expand his capabilities. The Interagency task force where the discussions of Document 2 occurred was created in the first days of the Kennedy administration and others of its meetings are noted. The chronology is replete with delineations of schemes to use military means to make up for Phoumi’s failures, including the action list in NSAM-29 (Document 5). In the face of all the various schemes, the chronology notes President Kennedy’s March 21 decision (p. 55) to seek a multilateral diplomatic conference to solve the Laotian crisis. This became the Geneva Conference that led to agreements on the neutralization of Laos in 1962.
Document 2a: Minutes of Laos Interagency Task Force Meeting, March 7, 1961
Official Note-taker, March 8, 1961
Source: John F. Kennedy Library, Kennedy Papers, National Security File: Country File, Laos, box 130, folder: “Laos, General 3/1/61-3/13/61.”
On March 7 the interagency group followed up on a meeting with President Kennedy four days earlier by discussing military plans and a series of diplomatic moves designed to afford the United States a free hand for its other measures. The military plans are not revealed in detail, but the JCS chronology summarizes them (p. 41) as a multi-phase operation to capture the Plain of Jars with preliminary interdiction by aircraft and CIA-backed Hmong irregulars, followed with a two-pronged attack by Phoumi troops, culminating in the airdrop of Phoumist paratroops right on the Plain. The group discussed on March 7 what more could be done to train and support the Phoumi forces if the military stalemate continued, and complained of British diplomatic initiatives aimed at convening a high-level diplomatic conference to deal with the Laotian problem.
Document 2b: Minute of Laos Interagency Task Force Meeting, March 7, 1961
Source: Mark Perry FOIA
This document is a different redaction of the same March 7 meeting record. It reveals that the interagency group also noted that permission had been granted for the deployment of Thai Special Forces troops from the Police Aerial Recovery Unit (PARU) to work with the CIA Hmong units under specified conditions.
Document 3: Recommended Courses of Action—Laos, March 7, 1961
Department of State, Far East Bureau Director
The State Department options paper prepared in conjunction with the military plans discussed by the interagency group on March 7 took a hard line. Observing that U.S. intentions must have been misinterpreted abroad because of Washington’s inability to induce the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to agree on forceful measures, the inability of the Phoumi forces to progress on the ground in Laos, and other factors; the paper warned of an erosion of the U.S. position, and advocated measures to signal American determination. These would include a public presidential statement of concern, review of Laotian pacification planning and military training, movement of some U.S. troops to Thailand, and possible direct action against airfields in the Plain of Jars where Soviet/North Vietnamese aircraft were landing supplies for Laotian communist and neutralist forces. Anticipating a Soviet response against Phoumi-allied airbases and/or fields the U.S. was using in Thailand, the paper notes that “we should . . . be prepared to retaliate immediately by a strike against airfields in North Viet-Nam.” A marginal note on this copy by deputy national security adviser Walt W. Rostow lists concrete measures to be taken including the provision of a few B-26 bomber aircraft.
Document 4: Memorandum for the President, “Evolution of Our Policy in Laos,” March 9, 1961
Deputy National Security Adviser Walt W. Rostow-President John Kennedy
Source: John F. Kennedy Library, Kennedy Papers, President’s Office File: Country File, box 121, folder: “Laos, Security, 3/1/61-3/10/61.”
Walt Rostow’s briefing memo for President Kennedy prior to a White House meeting held on March 9 outlines the course of U.S. action in the Laotian crisis thus far. Rostow represents the Phoumi military offensive in Laos as a device to maximize the U.S. bargaining position in an international negotiation, but makes clear that only a certain format for talks was acceptable—specifically that the U.S. opposed a multilateral (Geneva-style) negotiation and preferred a mediation by local states. By the end of February, he comments, it had become clear both that local states (Cambodia and Burma) were not willing to intercede and that the Phoumi troops were incapable of making progress, in fact, actually being driven back. The dilemma required a presidential decision. Rostow concluded, “In short, our initial dispositions . . . have not succeeded; and we enter a new phase.”
Document 5a: National Security Action Memorandum No. 29, March 9, 1961
National Security Council Staff
Source: John F. Kennedy Library, Kennedy Papers, National Security File: Country File, box 130, folder: “Laos, General, 3/1/61-3/13/61.”
President Kennedy’s decision at a White House meeting on March 9 was to initiate a series of moves to augment the strength of Laotian ally Phoumi’s forces as well as to reduce adversary capabilities. The list of seventeen elements was embodied in NSAM-29. They include increases in the size of the U.S. military aid mission, called the Program Evaluation Office (PEO), diplomatic demarches with the Soviet Union, but most particularly actions to be taken by the CIA—increases in the size of its Hmong army, B-26 bombers to by flown by U.S. and Chinese Nationalist crews in a CIA covert operation, and the provision of crews and large transport aircraft and helicopters to be flown by CIA (Air America) crews. That these measures were to be considered initial moves in a longer term operation is made clear by instructions that the CIA was authorized to commit additional helicopters and transports as they were obtained.
Document 5b: National Security Action Memorandum No. 29, March 9, 1961
Source: Per above via Jeffrey Richelson Mandatory Declassification Review
This document is a different redaction of NSAM-29 above.
Document 5c: National Security Action Memorandum No. 29, March 9, 1961
This document is a third redaction of NSAM-29 above. The importance of the decision is indicated by the fact that President Kennedy personally signed this paper (as compared with NSAM-28, below).
Document 6: National Security Action Memorandum No. 28, March 9, 1961
Source: United States Congress, House Armed Services Committee, United States-Vietnam Relations 1945-1967 (Government Printing Office, 1972), v. 11, p. 18.
This document is a different NSAM, also approved by President Kennedy the same day, for special forces operations into North Vietnam and other “Viet-Minh territory.” The fact that the directive is signed by national security adviser McGeorge Bundy, rather than the president, is an additional indicator of the importance that should be attributed to NSAM-29 (Document 5).
Document 7: Memorandum to the President, March 10, 1961
Source: John F. Kennedy Library, Kennedy Papers, National Security File: Country File, box 130, folder, “Laos, General, 3/1/61-3/13/61.”
The day after President Kennedy met with his top officials in the Cabinet Room and approved NSAM-29, Walt Rostow prepared this memorandum commenting on the proceedings. Rostow observes that the United States loses ground “when we are being nice diplomats” and then is obliged “after diplomatic setbacks,” to “use more force than would otherwise be necessary.” The deputy national security adviser comments that “this is the exact opposite of Communist policy which is to orchestrate force and diplomacy intimately at every stage.”
Document 8: Cable, Vientiane to State Department number 1670, March 11, 1961
Department of State cable
Source: John F. Kennedy Library, Kennedy Papers, President’s Office File: Country File, box 121, folder: “Laos, Security, 3/11/61-3/21/61.”
The continuing press of events in Laos is demonstrated by this cable, which reports that “time is now working for [the Pathet Lao]” opponents of General Phoumi. It goes on to report that the Laotian ally can still cope with the situation provided that he is furnished with the elements approved in NSAM-29: direct air support, airlift by both helicopters and transports, and more artillery support.
Document 9: Paper, US Military Courses of Action in Laos in Order of Increasing Severity, undated
Secretariat, Joint Chiefs of Staff
This JCS paper shows the NSAM-29 elements incorporated into a range of options for use in Laos. Among other things the Joint Chiefs note that covert air strike missions will begin in the very near term (March 28), that U.S. forces should be readied for possible further involvement, including strikes by tactical aircraft; and that military leaders are already thinking in terms of executing a Southeast Asia Treaty Organization contingency plan for intervention in Laos. President Kennedy held the line against moving in this direction, and instead agreed to negotiate Laotian issues in the multilateral Geneva forum.
1. United States Congress, House Armed Services Committee, United States-Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967, 12v. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1972.
2. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, v. XXIV, Laos Crisis. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1994.
3. Ibid, document 23.
4. Victor B. Anthony and Richard R. Sexton, The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia: The War in Northern Laos, 1954-1973. Washington: Office of Air Force History, 1993.
5. Thomas L. Ahern, Undercover Armies: CIA and Surrogate Warfare in Laos, 1961-1973. Washington: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2006.
6. Lyndon B. Johnson Library: Personal Papers of Bromley K. Smith, box 25, folder: “National Security Action Memoranda [2 of 2].”
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Home > HCAS > HCAS_PUBS > HCAS_JOURNALS > TQR Home > TQR > Vol. 22 > No. 10 (2017)
Enhanced Member Checks: Reflections and Insights from a Participant-Researcher Collaboration
Elizabeth Chase, St. John's UniversityFollow
This paper shares the process of an enhanced member check in a qualitative study about the schooling experiences of teenage mothers. The process of co-creating a participant narrative is presented as an alternative to traditional methods of member checking and data analysis. In the collaborative process presented in this article, the researcher and participant worked together to develop interpretations of interview data and to collaborate on a final narrative. The author developed a member checking process that included iterative rounds of collaboration in the liminal space between raw data and final narrative. This paper provides an example of evaluating and augmenting the role of the participant in the process of inquiry. This process offers possibilities for enhanced member checks that interrupt the traditional power dynamics in participant-researcher relationships. This paper ends with an exploration of issues of power that arose in the researcher-participant relationship and an examination of how alternative forms of member checks can provide room for new understandings of participant experiences.
Qualitative Research, Member Checks, Participatory Research, Marginalized Youth, Teenage Mothers
Author Bio(s)
Elizabeth (Liz) Chase, Ed.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at St. John’s University. She examines the schooling experiences of marginalized populations of students, those who challenge traditional notions of achievement in some form. Additionally, she explores preservice teacher education, specifically looking at collaborative models of instruction and support for new teachers in urban settings. Chase is a native New Yorker, a committed, but slow runner, and an avid reader of fiction, both contemporary and vintage. Correspondence regarding this article can be addressed directly to: [email protected].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2957
Recommended APA Citation
Chase, E. (2017). Enhanced Member Checks: Reflections and Insights from a Participant-Researcher Collaboration. The Qualitative Report, 22(10), 2689-2703. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2957
https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2957
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We Are Not His Sponsors
Apparently Paul Wedder spoon got some printing done at John Milne's for his campaign as an independent in the Paimerston North byelection. The bill was addressed to the Students' Association—and returned.
Representation for Students
Montreal (C.U.P.)—Students at Sir George Williams University in Montreal, Canada, have been given four seats on a senate of 22 faculty and administrators. | [
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REVOLT Announces the Winners of Short & Fresh: Hip Hop Halloween
Halloween is upon us, and REVOLT is ready to celebrate! On Friday, October 18th, REVOLT, the Hip Hop culture-oriented cable television network founded by Sean “Diddy” Combs, is set to premiere “Hip Hop Halloween”, a special episode of its popular series “Short & Fresh”. REVOLT launched “Short & Fresh” earlier this year as a monthly anthology of dope short films made by rising filmmakers.
To curate this special episode, REVOLT teamed up with Audience Awards to launch the inaugural “Hip Hop Halloween” short film contest. From the overwhelming number of submissions, REVOLT chose seven winning short films, based on their unique takes on horror, supernatural, suspense, thriller, or sci-fi themes, all told through the lens of Hip Hop culture. The winning films will air in a special 2-hour episode of “Short & Fresh” on the REVOLT network and its On Demand platform.
The program will debut on REVOLT on Friday, October 18th at 10p ET, with select re-airs throughout the month.
Find the snapshot of the winning films and quotes from the winners below.
We’d love to offer the opportunity to interview one of the winners.
00:11:45 (dir. Etta East, 2018) (13 mins)
Months after the zombie apocalypse hits, a father and daughter are forced to use unexpected skills to survive.
“We are extremely honored to win an award for a Horror category. This is a category and genre that black people don’t normally get recognition for so it’s extremely meaningful to us and it sends a message to the world that black people and people of color have stories to tell, beyond the limits placed on us. Thank you!!” – Nakia Stephens (writer / executive producer)
Dark Therapy (dir. Chad Eric Smith, 2014) (9 mins)
A vampire seeks psychiatric treatment for a phobia that impacts his way of life.
“I thank Sean Combs and REVOLT TV for providing content creators a platform to shine! What an awesome honor!” – Chad Eric Smith (director)
A Night at the Table (dir. Tamara S. Hall, 2019) (11 mins)
A mother prepares food for a seemingly normal family night dinner, but as the conversation between her and her kids grows more peculiar, tension mounts among the three, unveiling a lurking threat at the table.
“I was so depleted after producing A Night at the Table. I had worked so hard that I was afraid the rewards wouldn’t match my labor and my well-thought out vision wouldn’t come across. After winning this opportunity, however, I can now say that the rewards have far exceeded any expectations I had for the success of this project. Now, audiences all over the world will get to see the story inspired by so many black women in this country. Thank you!” –Tamara S. Hall (director)
The Raven (dir. Julian Alexander, 2019) (7 mins)
Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven” reimagined.
“Being a finalist was truly a surprise and a gave breath to our artistic mission. We are keen on building a bridge between the arts and believed this project could do it. This opportunity allows us to expand our outreach and blend Hip Hop with classic literature. When I think of the legacy of language arts, I think of Hip Hop. That’s what this film is all about.” – Julian Alexander (director)
Ronald (dir. Britt Banks, 2019) (13 mins)
A routine ride-share takes a sharp turn for the worse after the driver is reminded of a troubled past.
“Winning this contest meant everything to me. It proved that my dreams are valid and the first and most important step is to try. In the words of P. Diddy, “Take that, take that!” Thank you REVOLT TV! I’ll never forget this amazing opportunity!” – Britt Banks (director)
Runnin’ (dir. Jonathan Rowan, 2017) (11 mins)
A group of friends set out to explore an abandoned building where they encounter a psychopath plotting their demise.
“I am a director, writer and producer who believes that film is a highly unique art of expression. As a filmmaker, I welcome the opportunity to get my work seen and recognized by the great individuals at REVOLT TV. I am extremely excited and grateful to have my film selected as one of the winners, and look forward to all the great things to come from this platform of visibility.” –Jonathan Rowan (director)
Wrong House (dir. Alan M. Brooks, 2019) (21 mins)
Four friends desperate to make it in the Hip Hop industry undergo a fateful night with a mysterious benefactor that will change their lives forever
“I am EXCITED and HONORED to have the opportunity to showcase my film “Wrong House” on REVOLT TV’s prestigious network. It’s always been a DREAM to have my films showcased on National Television; and to find out that I won the opportunity to do that was honestly an emotional moment for me. I worked so hard on this film and I am forever thankful for the platform that REVOLT has given me.” – Alan M. Brooks (director)
….find the full program information HERE.
We’d love to work together on a story and/or launch on this. Looking forward to your thoughts.
This article was originally published by Horrornews.net. Read the original article here.
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] |
Category: Training
May 3, 2022 May 17, 2022 Jenna Braddock
Cramps happen to athletes, but why? Learn all about preventing muscle cramps in teen athletes from Off-Season Athlete, a trusted site of built just for teen athletes. It’s the weightlifting State Championships and the athletes are ready to leave it all on the platform. Many months have been spent training the body and mind to […]
How Teen Athletes Can Make the Most of Their Time at Home
April 1, 2020 April 1, 2020 Jenna Braddock
With gyms and schools closed around the nation, athletes are scrambling to figure out how to stay in shape and keep training while at home. Off-Season Athlete is here to help and asked coaches, physical therapists, and trainers for their best advice on how to make the most of this time at home. Interestingly, many […]
Cognitive Behavior Therapy: the missing piece of injury recovery
November 8, 2018 November 28, 2018 Guest Coach Leave a comment
The multisport athlete is becoming a thing of the past. Competitive seasons are becoming longer and our young athletes are practicing all year long for one sport. Because of this, evidence shows injuries are on the rise. I was not resistant to this trend as a child. I held my first tennis racquet at 3 […]
5 Reasons for More Recovery Days
October 30, 2018 October 30, 2018 Jenna Braddock Leave a comment
Go Hard or Go Home! Pain is Weakness Leaving the Body. Sports provides an awesome opportunity for teens to learn hard work, persistence, and tolerance for uncomfortable situations. But with the way youth sports are going these days, athletes might find themselves constantly pushing the limits of their body all year round without proper recovery […]
Throwing Volume – Why Injuries in Youth Baseball are on the Rise
October 5, 2018 October 30, 2018 Guest Coach Leave a comment
With Major League Baseball wrapping up the regular season and transitioning to the playoffs, some players will be entering the off-season while others will be contending for division, league, or world championships. A season that kicked off in late March will be coming to a close seven months later as a World Series champion is […]
Yoga for Teen Athletes
March 28, 2018 October 30, 2018 Guest Coach Leave a comment
Yoga has become a very popular form of exercise. Many athletes are beginning to use it as a supplemental form of training. You may think it seems too slow pace, but so many have tried it and become intrigued by its challenge. Research shows yoga can enhance athletic performance and recovery. Teen athletes may not […]
Should Teen Athletes do CrossFit?
February 16, 2018 February 16, 2018 Guest Coach Leave a comment
With the rise in popularity of Crossfit, many people are trying it for the first time. Off-Season Athlete asked Coach Amanda: Should Teen Athletes do Crossfit? Here’s what she said… Teen athletes are very adaptive to any form of strength and conditioning training because they are still maturing. This is the best time to introduce them […]
Weight Training for Teen Athletes: How often should you lift to get stronger?
January 3, 2018 Jenna Braddock Leave a comment
The off-season is a crucial time to build strength for all athletes through weight training. It is when the least amount of time is spent in their sport, which should translate to more time devoted to strength and conditioning. One of the main goals is to build raw strength, which can then be refined with […] | [
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] |
Project Matrix Step Two Analysis of the National Computer Center, the Telecommunications Systems, and the Integrated Client Database (Limited Distribution)
Indicates Limited Distribution Reports: These reports contain information that is sensitive and confidential. For security reasons, distribution of these reports is limited to those with a need to know.Indicates Limited Distribution Reports: These reports contain information that is sensitive and confidential. For security reasons, distribution of these reports is limited to those with a need to know.*Indicates Limited Distribution Reports: These reports contain information that is sensitive and confidential. For security reasons, distribution of these reports is limited to those with a need to know. | [
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Polish Olympic Committee
To the Olympic Family
History and activity of the Polish Olympic Committee
The 100th anniversary of the Polish Olympic Committee
Authorities and structure of the Polish Olympic Committee
Presidium of the Board
The Board of the Polish Olympic Committee
Sponsors of the IOC
The Olympic Center
The Olympic Center (building)
The Museum of Sport and Tourism
The Galeria (-1)
Exhibitions schedule 2020
The Moonsfera Restaurant
The Polish Olympic Committee is an autonomous, nationwide association of sports federations and organizations. It has the exclusive right to use and authorize the Olympic symbols set out in the Olympic Charter, as well as the designations “Olympic Games” and “Olympic Committee”, in Poland. Our activities are financed by funds obtained through sponsorship arrangements. Our Sponsors and Partners ensure the stable and long-term financial support that makes it possible for Polish athletes to compete in the Olympic Games, enables activities related to Olympic education, provides for Olympic athletes in need, and promotes Olympic values, fair play, a healthy, sporting lifestyle.
LUX MED – The Main Medical Partner
LUX MED Group is a leader on the Polish private medical services market. It is part of Bupa, an international group that provides health insurance and medical services all over the world. LUX MED Group ensures comprehensive health care – outpatient, diagnostics, rehabilitation, hospital and long-term – for over 4 million patients.
The Group has over 240 facilities of its own and more than 2,600 in partnership with other companies. It has a staff of over 20,000, including approx – 8,000 doctors.
LUX MEDA Group has been providing expert and comprehensive medical care to Polish Olympians and Olympic candidates since 2014.
PLL LOT – The Official Carrier of The Polish Olympic Team
As the national carrier and an ambassador for Poland around the world, it is only natural that LOT should be the Official Carrier and the Polish Olympic Team, especially in view of our mission to promote Poland internationally.
We are always proud to have Poland’s top athletes on board and to ensure that their journey to such Olympic venues as Seoul, Tokyo and Beijing is as safe and comfortable as possible.
Professionalism, consistently striving, and passion are what unite us with Olympic athletes. This is how we achieve our results and how we can guarantee the highest standards of air travel. Our partnership with the Polish Olympic Committee began with the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. Since then, we have accompanied Polish athletes to e.g. the Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Pyeongchang and the Summer Olympics in London and Rio de Janeiro.
POLISH HOTEL HOLDING – Partner
Polish Hotel Holding is a is a state-owned company, whose goal is to manage modern hotel facilities owned by the State Treasury. The aim of the PHH is to establish standards on the Polish hotel market, introduce innovations, advanced solutions and to optimise the functioning of facilities. The PHH has been cooperating as a franchise holder with the world’s leading hotel chains for many years. There are 27 hotel facilities in the capital group of the Polish Hotel Holding, which makes it the second largest hotel co-partnership in the country and the first one with the entirely Polish capital.
DELOITTE – Partner
Deloitte in Poland is one of the leading firms providing public and private sector clients from various industries with professional advisory services in six main areas: audit, tax advice, business consulting, risk management, financial and legal advisory. With a globally connected network of member firms in 150 countries, Deloitte brings world-class competencies, expertise and knowledge, offering top quality services to help clients solve even most complex business problems. To learn how 245,000 Deloitte’s professionals make an impact that matters, please visit Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter or Deloitte website.
EUROSPORT – The Official Media Partner
Eurosport is the number one sports destination in Europe, fueling the passion of fans and connecting them with the greatest sports events in the world. All year long Eurosport broadcasts thousands of hours of the most important sporting events. Full rights to summer and winter Olympic Games are its crown jewel. Eurosport shows live world-class events and takes viewers straight to the center of the sports action. It allows viewers to be as close to the stars of world sport as possible and – thanks to the unparalleled knowledge of Polish and international experts – explains all the intricacies of the disciplines loved by thousands of fans.
People are one of the Eurosport’s greatest strengths. Dawid Kubacki and the most successful Polish Olympian, Robert Korzeniowski are the ambassadors of the channel in Poland. The line-up of experts and commentators comprises Jakub Kot, Tomasz Sikora and Dariusz Baranowski, as well as recognized journalists – Tomasz Jaroński, Marek Rudziński, Igor Błachut, Karol Stopa, Adam Probosz, Rafał Jewtuch, and Przemek Kruk. Polish viewers can also learn the opinions of international Eurosport experts, including many former world-class stars like Martin Schmitt, Sven Hannawald, Mats Wilander, Boris Becker, John McEnroe, Alberto Contador and Sir Bradley Wiggins.
WIRTUALNA POLSKA – Media Partner
Wirtualna Polska is a technology holding that operates in the areas of media, advertising and e-commerce. It is the owner of the WP Home Page and has various specialised thematic websites such as: WP SportoweFakty, money.pl or autocentrum.pl. In the e-commerce industry, WP is active in the areas of tourism (wakacje.pl, nocowanie.pl), fashion (domodi.pl, allani.pl), interior and house design (homebook.pl and extradom.pl), financial services (totalmoney.pl) and motorisation (superauto.pl). According to the Mediapanel research, over 21 million Poles use WP products and services each month.
RZECZPOSPOLITA – Media Partner
The first issue of Rzeczpospolita, Poland’s first modern newspaper, came out in 1920. It is currently published by Gremi Media SA under the editorship of Bogusław Chrabota. It is Poland’s most important nationwide opinion-forming legal-economic daily and its only liberal-conservative newspaper. Rzeczpospolita is the only masthead that combines general and specialist information in such a unique fashion. It provides daily information on major political, scientific, sporting, cultural, economic and legal events.
Rzeczpospolita is a leader among Poland’s daily press titles. It is the most frequently cited newspaper in the country, and company managers, politicians, and regular readers would not be able to imagine working without it. Rzeczpospolita has often topped Poland’s most quoted media ranking.
POLSKIE RADIO – Media Partner
Polskie Radio (Polish Radio), the country’s largest public broadcaster, has been building a community of ideas, values and language, and reporting on domestic and international cultural, scientific and sporting events, since 1925. It has four nationwide channels (Jedynka, Dwójka, Trójka and Polskie Radio 24), one overseas channel (Radio dla Zagranicy), and four digital channels (Czwórka, Polskie Radio Dzieciom, Polskie Radio Chopin and Polskie Radio Kierowców) that broadcast online and via cellphone applications and DAB+. In addition, the portals PolskieRadio.pl and PolskieRadio24.pl provide special services and archived materials. Polskie Radio’s programs and services fulfil the public broadcaster’s educational, cultural and civic mission by means of rich and varied program offerings and its own broadcasts.
Sport occupies a special place at Polskie Radio, which broadcasts, reports and provides commentary on major domestic and international sports events. The first sports news came out in 1925. Polish Radio made its Olympic debut with reports and commentary from Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Berlin in 1936. Since then, Polish Radio has become an official partner of the Polish Olympic Committee and Polish Radio journalists have been present at every Olympics. Polish Radio currently broadcasts around 18 hours of sports information per week.
FERRERO – The Official Partner of The Polish Youth Olympic Team
Kinder Joy of Moving is an international business social responsibility program run by Ferrero Group. The program is predicated on our conviction that giving children and young adults access to physical activity will inspire them to join the culture of movement and become physically active adults in the future. The Kinder Joy of Moving program has been running in Poland since 2007. Its accompanying rallying cry, “May Joy Always Win”, reveals its formula, which is primarily based on the fun and enjoyment that being active provides. It is worth emphasizing that the Kinder Joy of Moving program is conducted in every region of the country and that there are no costs involved.
We would like to thank our Sponsors and Partners for supporting the Polish Olympic Committee and the Polish Olympic Team!
Strategic Sponsor
Sponsor of the Olympic Collection
Main Medical Partner
Official Carrier
Partner of the Polish Youth Olympic Team
Wybrzeze Gdynskie 4
phone: +48 (22) 560 37 00
Communication Office
contact for media only
International Relations and Sports Projects Department
Administration and Statutory Bodies Department
Finance and HR Department
Culture and Olympic Education Department
Marketing and Communications Department | [
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] |
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Undo's Italian Gift Cards
In 1953, Undo and Jenny Sparachane purchased the Flamingo Club in Benwood, West Virginia, and in 1965, they added the Benwood Stag Bar to their list of entrepreneurial undertakings. Together, these two locations formed Undo's Famiglia Restaurant, a family-owned restaurant business that has specialized in Italian and American cuisine for over 50 years.
Undo's has extended to four, full-service restaurants within the Ohio Valley: Benwood, Elm Grove and Weirton, West Virginia and St. Clairsville, Ohio.
Undo's Italian Locations
2153 National Road
Elm Grove, WV 26003
Benwood, WV 26031
350 Three Springs Drive
Weirton, WV 26062
51130 National Road
St. Clairsville, OH 43950
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Shipping (info)
US Mail - Included US Priority - $8.99 Fedex (2 day) - $27.95
Select Occasion & Image
Select your theme from the occasion list and then select an image for your message.
Select an occasion... A Gift For YouAnniversaryBirthdayCongratulationsFather's DayHanukkahMerry ChristmasMother's DaySeason's GreetingsThank YouThinking of YouValentine's DayWedding
Add Your Message
Subject (Up to 75 characters)
We suggest A personal note like "Happy birthday from Matt" or "Thank you Jen"
Short Message (Up to 500 characters)
How to write a message
Your message will appear just below the greeting image you selected. You can write up to 500 characters.
When to Email / Mail
Here you can choose when you want us to send your gift. You can choose up to the next 60 days. Just click on the drop down box and highlight the date you want it sent. We'll handle the rest.
The date you select is the date we will process and mail the gift on (excluding weekends and holidays). Orders placed on weekends or holidays will be processed the next business day. Delivery time depends on the 'Shipping' method selected. Shipping Rates and estimated delivery times are listed below.
Email deliveries will be sent upon order completion if date listed 'Today' is selected. Email deliveries set for future days will be sent at 3:00 AM CST on the date requested.
Physical Mail
Physical Mail orders requests will be fulfilled and mailed on the same date ordered if 'Today' is selected and ordered before 2 PM CST. If placed after 2 PM CST, order will be fulfilled and mailed the following business day. One business day should be added to the delivery times listed below for physical mail orders placed after 2 PM CST.
Shipping Rates and Delivery Times *
Email - Free (emailed on date requested)
US Mail - Free (6 - 13 business days)
US Priority Mail - $6.95 (2 - 4 business days)
FedEx 2 Day - Price may vary (2 business days)
* QuickGifts and the merchant will not be responsible for delayed shipments caused by the courier
If you have questions or would like further assistance, please contact QuickGifts Customer Support. Email us at [email protected] or call 800.440.2065.
For balance inquiries call the phone number to a Undo's Italian's location below. | [
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Online Car Accessories
How To Reverse A Car
Online Car Accessory
Reversing may not be some motorists “favourite direction, but it is one of the most important parts of driving. Here are a handful of simple things to consider for novice drivers when reversing. The first and most important step is to shift the car into reverse so that it is time to go backwards and forwards.
To reverse a car, you must also pay attention to the front end of the vehicle, but also to the rear end.
When you reverse, you want to turn the steering wheel to the right, so just turn it to the right and then start turning the car backwards to the right. Turn back further until your car is further back than another car on your left. If you turn the front wheel in the direction in which a car turns back, i.e. to the left, then the front wheels also turn to the right. However, if you reverse when you turn the steering wheel Then you cannot go in front of the turning car and turn it backwards.
Then turn the steering wheel to the left and start turning it backwards or backwards, depending on which direction you want to reverse. Start the round observation again until you end on the left shoulder and then start turning the steering wheel in any direction (left or right).
To ensure that the situation is safe for you to drive backwards, drive backwards (slowly) to the left side of the road (right shoulder).
Remember that when reversing, the nose of the Audi A4 will move to the right side of the road (right shoulder). Continue to reverse, then turn the front wheel to the left and steer the car to the left in the rear, moving the cars from the front to the right. Start by straightening your vehicle and steering wheel as if it were entering a parking space. Look for a straight line where you can reverse and continue to drive, and turn the vehicles to the right.
Not being able to see what’s around you is the hardest thing about driving a car when reversing. It is much more difficult to reverse than to reverse, because when driving forward you have to stare at the steering wheel instead of staring out of the window. Staring out and seeing what’s going on with your vehicle, as opposed to when you’re going forward, is a difficult thing to see, especially when the car is reversing, and it’s not the easiest thing to do.
It is only natural to get frustrated when you get stuck in a car while driving, when the car is not reversing, and when you are not reversing, people behind you may not notice that you want to go back up. Others who cannot use a rear-view or side-view mirror tend to look out of the window and look in the mirror to get used to it as the cars reverse. If your vision is restricted when reversing, get off and give instructions to move it to the left or right.
By following a few simple routes, you can learn how to reverse gear and drive it all the time. I have found some useful tips and tricks to keep in mind, and I am sure you will find them useful, too.
Once you have engaged reverse gear, you must first shift the car into reverse. The second step is to put your right foot on the brake pedal so that you can move your car as if it were the other way around.
Therefore, if your car is driving down an embankment, you may also need to step on the accelerator occasionally. While the slope helps to get the momentum needed to start the car by reversing, it is nice to know that you can start it by pushing it backwards because it may be going in the wrong direction.
Once you have learned how to reverse steer a car, one of the main obstacles is to reverse steer the car. For more information on how to reverse drive your vehicle, read these useful driving tips from car experts.
If you need to reverse for a long time, it is better to adjust your seat closer to the steering wheel and then adjust the seat so that you can move forward. It is more difficult to control the vehicle when reversing than to reverse, which is necessary.
If you need to reverse for a long time, it is better to adjust your seat closer to the steering wheel and then adjust the seat so that you can move forward. There is no way to look at the car from behind when reversing, so do it while driving.
You must now see clearly the inflection point indicated in Diagram C. Before you start to reverse the car, you must complete this observation lap. Look out the rear window, look at the cars, turn the steering wheel right immediately, then stop and start reversing. When it is clear, park your car further and then start driving backwards and turning right again. Then stop, reverse gear and look out of the rear window and behind the wheel again.
Categories: Car Utility | [
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By Kwee AyePosted on January 21, 2023
Real-time data drives exceptional customer experiences
According to research, personalized customer experiences are no longer a “nice to have,” but rather a necessity for competing in an economy that is changing.Companies that want to compete in this new economy and provide the personalized experiences that customers expect can take advantage of real-time data.
Real-time data is a rich source of actionable information that, when combined into a single source of truth, can assist in providing intelligent and connected customer experiences.Matt McLarty, MuleSoft’s Global Field CTO, stated, “Companies that want to increase customer loyalty must leverage real-time, intelligent, and automated technology solutions that support seamless connected experiences and personalised journeys.
“Understanding and acting on data is essential for businesses.As businesses face challenges in 2023, this will mean the difference between thriving and surviving. | [
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Creating a Marketing Plan
Planning and strategic thinking are key components of creating a marketing plan. This plan can help you achieve your goals and make your business successful. It can help you see your future clearly. If you have just about any concerns relating to wherever along with the way to employ marketing plan, it is possible to e-mail us from our webpage.
There are different types of marketing plans, my company and they differ depending on the type of business you operate. Traditional advertising, social media and content marketing are some of the most well-known.
Marketing plans are used to plan the marketing strategy and tactics for your my company to promote your product or service. It also includes the steps you will take to achieve your objectives and how you will measure your results.
A marketing plan should be updated regularly to reflect changes in the marketplace, including new competitors, trends, and issues that may affect your business. It should include a SWOT analysis to assess your overall business’s strengths and weaknesses.
Your Marketing Plan should be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound). You should also include an ROI analysis in your Marketing Plan to ensure that you get the most out of your marketing efforts.
You should identify your target audience and segment them into different groups based on their demographics and preferences. This is especially important if your products or services include multiple products. By segmenting, you can tailor your marketing to each individual.
Although a template can help you organize your thoughts, it is important to know the details of your target audience before you start creating your plan. The buyer persona template below is a great resource for this, as it shows you the characteristics of your target audience and helps you understand what makes them tick.
Once you have identified your target audience you can begin writing about your products or services. You want to describe what the products or services do for your customers so that they can see why they need to buy them. If you sell online fitness courses, for example, you could explain the benefits your customer will get from them such as increased strength or flexibility.
Another section of a good marketing plan is a competitive analysis, which can give you an idea of how your product stacks up against other products in your industry. This can also help you determine which features you should add to your product so that it stands out from the competition.
You can conduct a competitive analysis in-person or online. It can also include many different methods. It could be as simple as running a survey about how people perceive your product. Or it can be more complex like analyzing the marketing campaigns of other competitors and tracking their results.
Conducting a competitive analysis is vital before you begin to market your product/service. It will also let you identify what sets your product apart from other competitors so that you can develop a strong marketing campaign to compete against them. When you’ve got any sort of questions relating to where and ways to use marketing plan template, you could contact us at our site.
Driveway Repair Tips For Homeowners
6 Things to Remember Before You Resolve Debt | [
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« The Basics of Poker and Its Variations
Pragmatic Play Review »
The Benefits of Playing at Joker123
The online casino joker123 slot game is based on the Batman movie. The Robin Hood character has been replaced by the Bat in stature. A random joker appears on the reels and can award extra rewards and payouts. To make your gambling experience a rewarding one, choose a trusted online casino. You can play this game on your mobile phone or in your web browser. Whether you are on a desktop computer, tablet, or smartphone, joker123 can be enjoyed anywhere and at any time.
Online casino game
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The benefits of playing at Joker123 include the availability of more than 500 slot games, free spins, special spins and live dealer games. Players can also win big in several ways. If you’re looking for a new slot machine game to try out, Joker123 is a great choice. Players can choose from several game types to find a game that suits their style. This casino game is available on both desktop and mobile platforms.
As with any other online gambling site, the legality of joker123 varies from country to country and region to region. However, there are some basic things that you can do to ensure the legality of a website before making a deposit. For example, a legal joker123 casino must be licensed and offer safe games. They should also accept major payment methods. You can contact the company’s customer service to find out whether the site is legal or not.
Among the many things that you will appreciate about Joker123 is its user-friendliness. It offers an extensive variety of games and a simple, clean interface that makes it easy for beginners and advanced players to use. You can find instructions on how to play each game, and everything is well-explained. You can even call in for technical assistance if you need it. The website is well-known for its jackpot, and the payout rate is high, making it a popular choice amongst players around the world.
Joker123 is a casino website that is free to play and offers no deposit bonus to new users. In addition to that, it is available twenty-four hours a day and is available to everyone, making it the perfect place to play for fun or to win big. However, it is important to read the terms and conditions before depositing any money. In case you’re unsure of what the casino’s payouts are, you can find them here.
This entry was posted on Sunday, July 31st, 2022 at 9:43 AM and is filed under Gambling. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed. | [
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Climate deal signed – now for the hard bit: action
Image credit: TWITTER/PEDRO SIRGADO
In the words of Prof Richard Allan, Reading University:
“The human race has a climate crisis, Paris has delivered a plan, next begins the hard bit: action.”
The final draft text of a climate agreement has been accepted by delegates in Paris. It’s 31 pages long and full of the normal political phrases. Download the full text if you wish to browse through the details.
The important bits are that it sets the goal of limiting the world’s rise in average temperature to “well below 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius”.
Countries will be required to report on “national inventories of emissions by source” and also to report on their mitigation efforts. There will be an ongoing structure to enable this and check compliance.
NZ researchers comments
Here are some comments from New Zealand researchers gathered by the NZ Science Media Centre:
Professor James Renwick, Climate Scientist, School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University, comments:
“The Paris Agreement is a great achievement, the most positive thing to come out of the COP negotiations to date. The call for transparency, continual ratcheting up of emissions targets, and the provisions for climate finance, are very positive outcomes.
“Great to see (in article 4) that developed countries shall undertake “economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets”. Take note, New Zealand – no hot-air credits, actual emissions reductions are required. But, targets remain voluntary and the required actions remain daunting.
“The review of a 1.5°C warming limit may come too late as we are well on the way to 1.5°C with present greenhouse gas levels. Staying below 2°C warming is a big ask, but this document provides a framework for action. Now we just need the action.”
Professor Ralph Sims, Director, Centre for Energy Research, Massey University, comments:
“The Paris Agreement is certainly a major step forward given all the national constraints and differences. It is in many ways a compromise and I doubt will have any immediate impacts on NZ government policies.
“Minister Paula Bennett will take some time to come to grips with her new portfolio and the Royal Society’s Climate Change Mitigation panel that I chair will be producing outputs that should help with the realisation that there is much New Zealand can do to reduce our GHG emissions – and not rely on buying carbon credits from offshore as is the current intention.
“The only mention of carbon pricing in the Agreement is below – with nothing about carbon trading far as I am aware: ‘Also recognizes the important role of providing incentives for emission reduction activities, including tools such as domestic policies and carbon pricing’.
“The really positive outcome of the COP21 was in fact outside the Plenary rooms.
“The momentum of businesses, cities, NGOs, financiers, bankers, indeed across all civil society, in their intent to move towards a rapid transformation to a low-carbon economy was far more impressive than the formal negotiations.
“There will be many years of further negotiations needed to support the principles of this Agreement. But COP21 will be remembered for the event where global society came to fully understand the many opportunities and co-benefits that climate change mitigation and adaptation methods provide.
“This indeed was a key message of the IPCC Mitigation 5th Assessment Report. After working on renewable energy systems for over 40 years at Massey University, it is pleasing to see that it will now have a major contribution to make worldwide alongside energy efficiency and innovative technology development. Technologies will not solve it alone – and behavioural change and social issues are key – but the transformation has begun.
“Overall the COP reminded me of a two week-long Telethon with announcements, celebrities, new funding announcements – “Thank you very much for your kind donation!”
“NZ will have to become more nimble and innovative to reduce our emissions across all sectors and keep up with the leading countries I think.”
Comments from UK researchers
The following comments, and Prof Allan’s above, were gathered by the UK Science Media Centre:
Ajay Gambhir, Senior Research Fellow at the Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, said:
“It is remarkable that a text of this ambition has been agreed by all Parties, given the much less ambitious options still on the table just three days ago. However, the gap between the agreement’s goal to limit warming to well below 2 degrees C and the current combined level of countries’ emissions pledges – which are not nearly enough to achieve this goal – means there is considerable work to do over the coming years.”
Prof Daniela Schmidt, Bristol University, said:
“Limiting the rate and magnitude of climate change will have a large impact on the reaction of the world’s ecosytems. The challenge will be in everybody’s commitments to be visionary to achieve this goal.”
Dr Ilan Kelman, University College London, said:
“The Paris outcome is momentous, but let’s not get too carried away. The initial draft’s limitations are not overcome, especially that key parts remain voluntary. Major hurdles still exist in countries taking forward this agreement – given that governments change and that strongly opposed interests have not disappeared. Then, we have implementation on the ground which will take years. Today is not the end, but the beginning of a journey which has already taken too long to start.”
Prof Simon Lewis, Professor of global change science, University College London, said:
“The new Paris Agreement is historic, important, world-changing and inadequate all at the same time. It is astonishing that all the countries of the world have agreed a pathway together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But the proof that this will happen will depend on policy changes.
“To meet a target of well below 2 degrees C above per-industrial levels will require leaving the vast majority of fossil fuel reserves in the ground. Will the deployment of renewable technologies be quick enough and cheap enough to keep fossil fuels in the ground? Personally I hope so. The proof will be whether globally investors shun fossil fuels and we soon see coal companies going out of business while investments in renewable technologies skyrocket.”
Prof David Reay, Professor of Carbon Management, University of Edinburgh, said:
“This is a game-changer. The long nights of negotiations have paid dividends. Legally binding, a robust way to increase emissions reductions, and strong reporting requirements – really impressive. This agreement is the first concrete step on our collective way towards avoiding dangerous climate change. Paris already has the world’s sympathy, today it also has the world’s gratitude.”
Summaries from the New York Times
The New York Times also has commentary and reactions to the following specific clauses (see Nations Approve Landmark Climate Accord in Paris and Inside the Paris Climate Deal).
Temperature Increase
“Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.”
Preservation of forests
“Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches.”
Bearing the cost
“As part of a global effort, developed country Parties should continue to take the lead in mobilizing climate finance from a wide variety of sources, instruments and channels, noting the significant role of public funds, through a variety of actions, including supporting country-driven strategies, and taking into account the needs and priorities of developing country Parties. Such mobilization of climate finance should represent a progression beyond previous efforts.”
Tansparency
“In order to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective implementation, an enhanced transparency framework for action and support, with built-in flexibility which takes into account Parties’ different capacities and builds upon collective experience is hereby established.”
Absence of “Greenhouse Gasd Emissions Neutrality”
“Parties recognize the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage.”
Five-year contributions
“Each Party shall communicate a nationally determined contribution every five years in accordance with decision 1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement and be informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake referred to in Article 14.”
See details of comments on these clauses at Inside the Paris Climate Deal – The New York Times.
Posted in climate, environment, New Zealand, politics, SciBlogs, science, Science and Society
Tagged climate change, global warming, Paris, SciBlogs | [
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] |
Free translation tools on the Internet
Nov 19, 2011, 12:00 am IST
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By Anoop Verma
For quickly translating text in Hindi or English into any other language, you need to look no further than your Internet connected laptop. There exists an amazing array of websites that offer instantaneous translation service for free. The quality may not be as good as the work of any professional translator, but the online translations can still be used to take care of some minor communication related needs.
This is a free translation utility from the search giant. The home page is about as stark and blank as Google’s search page. In the centre of the screen, there are two boxes. Above the two boxes, there are the dropdown lists. From the first dropdown list you can pick up the language from which you have to translate, and from the second the language in which you want to translate. Once you have made the selections, you can input the text into the first box and the translated text will appear automatically in the second box. Out here, more than 60 languages are listed. (Available at: http://translate.google.com)
SDL FreeTranslation
This is one of the most popular translation utilities on the Internet and it boasts of more than 2 million visitors every week. The service can be used for getting free translations of both text and web pages. In the centre of the screen you will find two boxes, one for the original text, and the second for the translated text. There is blue button in the middle of the two boxes saying, “Translate.” Click on it and the translated text will automatically paper in the second box. For a price, this website can also provide you with the facility of human translation. (Available at: http://www.freetranslation.com/)
Yahoo owns this translation service. At this website you can translate your texts, 150 words at a time. There is only one dropdown list, which lists the “from” and “to” options. In case you have downloaded the Yahoo toolbar, you can translate directly from the browser. The service can also be used to translate an entire website, all you have to do is key in the URL and choose the language. (Available at: http://babelfish.yahoo.com/)
This translation service is being provided by http://www.reference.com, which is responsible for one of the most popular dictionary services on the Internet. Here up to 100 characters can be translated at a time. There is a text box in the centre and the original and the translated languages have to be selected from a drop down list. More than 50 languages can be translated through this free service. (Available at: http://translate.reference.com/translate)
This translation service is truly unique, as along with text-based translation, it also offers free audio facilities. So you can actually hear how the translated text is to be pronounced. The languages, from and to which the translation has to be conducted, can be accessed from a drop down list lying below the text box. This utility also features a spell checker, which can be used to check the original text. (Available at: http://www.reverso.net)
This website is pure fun, as it showcases how translations can be misleading. There are no language options here. Just type the original text in the text box and press on the Babelize button at the bottom of the screen. Instantly you are brought face to face with almost 10 translations. There is the original English text, followed by the translation in any language and then back to English. After going through the ten entries, you realise how your text gets distorted in translation. (Available at: http://tashian.com/multibabel/)
Subramanian Swamy files FIR against Sonia Gandhi | [
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No Closed Hearts
The Pope's conversation with Rome's Evangelical Lutheran community
We gave one faith, one baptism, one Lord
The Holy Father paid a visit to Christuskirche parish on Sunday evening, 15 November [2015]. Before the common prayer, Pope Francis responded off the cuff to the questions of three members of the Evangelical Lutheran community of Rome. Julius, a nine-year-old boy, asked him: "What do you like most about being Pope?".
Julius, a nine-year-old boy, asked him: “What do you like most about being Pope?”.
The answer is simple. What I like is.... If I were to ask you what you like most about a meal, you would say cake, the dessert! Wouldn’t you? But you have to eat everything. Quite honestly what I like is being a pastor, being a parish priest. I do not like office work. I don’t like these tasks. I don’t like giving official interviews — this one is not official, it’s comfortable! — but I have to give them. Thus, what do I like best? Being a parish priest. Once, when I was rector of the faculty of theology, I was a priest in the parish next to the faculty, and you know, I liked teaching the Catechism to the children and saying Mass on Sunday with the children. There were 250 children, more or less; it was difficult for all of them to keep quiet, it was difficult. Dialoguing with children.... I like this. You are a child and perhaps you will understand me. You are concrete, you do not ask theoretical, far-fetched questions: “Why is this so? Because...”. It is just that I like being a parish priest and, as a priest what I like best is being with children, talking with them, and one learns so much. One learns so much.
I like being Pope in the style of a parish priest. Service. I like it in the sense that I feel good, when I visit the sick, when I talk with people who are somewhat in despair, sad. I really love going to prisons, but not those that put me in jail! To talk with the inmates.... Perhaps you will understand what I am saying — every time I enter a prison, I ask myself: “Why them and not me?”. And there I feel the salvation of Jesus Christ, the love of Jesus Christ for me. Because it is He who saved me. I am no less a sinner than they are, but the Lord took me by the hand. I feel this too. And when I go to a prison I am happy. Being Pope is being a bishop, being a priest, being a pastor. If a Pope is not a bishop, if a Pope is not a priest, if he is not a pastor, he may be a very intelligent, very important person, he may have a great deal of influence in society, but I think — I think! — that in his heart he is not happy. I don’t know if I have responded to what you wanted to know.
Then Anke de Bernardinis, the wife of a Roman Catholic, expressed sorrow at “not being able to partake together in the Lord’s Supper” and asked: “What more can we do to reach communion on this point?”.
Thank you, Ma’am. Regarding the question on sharing the Lord’s Supper, it is not easy for me to answer you, especially in front of a theologian like Cardinal Kasper! I’m afraid! I think the Lord gave us [the answer] when he gave us this command: “Do this in memory of me”. And when we share in, remember and emulate the Lord’s Supper, we do the same thing that the Lord Jesus did. And the Lord’s Supper will be, the final banquet will there be in the New Jerusalem, but this will be the last. Instead on the journey, I wonder — and I don’t know how to answer, but I am making your question my own — I ask myself: “Is sharing the Lord’s Supper the end of a journey or is it the viaticum for walking together? I leave the question to the theologians, to those who understand. It is true that in a certain sense sharing is saying that there are no differences between us, that we have the same doctrine — I underline the word, a difficult word to understand — but I ask myself: don’t we have the same Baptism? And if we have the same Baptism, we have to walk together. You are a witness to an even profound journey because it is a conjugal journey, truly a family journey, of human love and of shared faith. We have the same Baptism. When you feel you are a sinner — I too feel I am quite a sinner — when your husband feels he is a sinner, you go before the Lord and ask forgiveness; your husband does the same and goes to the priest and requests absolution. They are ways of keeping Baptism alive. When you pray together, that Baptism grows, it becomes strong; when you teach your children who Jesus is, why Jesus came, what Jesus did, you do the same, whether in Lutheran or Catholic terms, but it is the same. The question: and the Supper? There are questions to which only if one is honest with oneself and with the few theological “lights” that I have, one must respond the same, you see. “This is my Body, this is my Blood”, said the Lord, “do this in memory of me”, and this is a viaticum which helps us to journey. I had a great friendship with an Episcopalian bishop, 48 years old, married with two children, and he had this concern: a Catholic wife, Catholic children, and he a bishop. He accompanied his wife and children to Mass on Sundays and then went to worship with his community. It was a step of participating in the Lord’s Supper. Then he passed on, the Lord called him, a just man. I respond to your question only with a question: how can I participate with my husband, so that the Lord’s Supper may accompany me on my path? It is a problem to which each person must respond. A pastor friend of mine said to me: “We believe that the Lord is present there. He is present. You believe that the Lord is present. So what is the difference?” — “Well, there are explanations, interpretations...”. Life is greater than explanations and interpretations. Always refer to Baptism: “One faith, one baptism, one Lord”, as Paul tells us, and take the outcome from there. I would never dare give permission to do this because I do not have the authority. One Baptism, one Lord, one faith. Speak with the Lord and go forward. I do not dare say more.
Lastly, Gertrud Wiedmer, a Swiss woman and treasurer of the community, presented a project which aids refugees and asked the Pope: “What can we do, as Christians, so that people do not give up or build new walls?”
You, being Swiss and being the treasurer, hold all the power in your hands! Service.... Misery.... You said this word: misery. Two things come to mind to say: The first, walls. Man, from the first moment — if we read Scripture — is a great builder of walls that separate man from God. In the first pages of Genesis we see this. There is an illusion behind human walls, the illusion of becoming like God. I think the myth, to put it in technical terms, or the account of the Tower of Babel, is really the attitude of men and women who build walls, because to build a wall is to say: “We are powerful, you are outside”. But in saying “we are powerful and you are outside” there is the arrogance of power and the attitude described in the first pages of Genesis: “you will be like God” (Gen 3:5). To build a wall is to exclude, it goes along this line. The temptation is: “if you eat this fruit, you will be like God”. In regard to the Tower of Babel — perhaps you have heard me say this, because I repeat it, but it is so “vivid” — there is amidrash written around 1200, in the time of Thomas Aquinas, of Maimonides, more or less in that time, by a Jewish rabbi who, to his faithful in the Synagogue, explained the construction of the Tower of Babel, where the power of man was felt. This construction was very difficult, because mud bricks had to be made and there was not always water nearby, straw had to be found, the mixture had to be made, then cut, then drained, then dried, then baked in the oven and at the end taken out, and the workers moved them.... If one of these bricks fell it was a catastrophe because they were valuable, they were expensive, costly. If a worker fell, however, nothing happened! Walls always exclude, they prefer power — in this case the power of money because the bricks were costly, or the tower that they hoped would reach heaven — and thus they always exclude humanity.
A wall is a monument to exclusion. In us too, in our interior life, how often do riches, vanity, pride become a wall before the Lord, they distance us from the Lord. Building walls. To me, the words that come to me now, rather spontaneously, are those of Jesus: what can we do so as not to build walls? Service. Play the part of the least. Wash feet. He set the example for you. Service to others, service to brothers, to sisters, service to the neediest. With this work of supporting 80 young mothers you do not build walls, you serve. Human selfishness seeks to defend itself, to defend one’s own power, one’s own selfishness, but in such defense one distances oneself from the source of wealth. In the end walls are like suicide, they close you off. It is an awful thing to have a closed heart. And today we see it, the tragedy.... My brother Pastor mentioned Paris today: closed hearts. Even the name of God is used to close hearts. You asked me: “We try to be of help against misery, but we also know that assistance is limited. What can we do as Christians, so that people do not give up or build new walls?”. Speak clearly, pray — because prayer is powerful — and serve. And serve. One day, they asked Mother Teresa of Calcutta a question: “What’s the use of the effort you make just to allow these people, who are three or four days from death, to die with dignity?”. It is a drop of water in the ocean, but after this, the ocean is no longer the same. And, always with service, the walls fall down by themselves; but our selfishness, our desire for power always seeks to build them. I don’t know, this is what came to my mind to say. Thank you.
Francis asks forgiveness for divisions
The final choice
After the Gospel reading, the Pope gave the homily extemporaneously in Italian. The following is a translation.
Jesus, during his life, made many choices. The one which we heard about today will be the final choice. Jesus made many choices: the first disciples, the sick whom he healed, the crowd that followed him... — they followed him to listen because he spoke as one with authority, not like the doctors of the law who were strutting about; but we are able to read who these people were two chapters earlier. In Matthew chapter 23, did they not see authenticity in him; and those people followed him. Jesus made choices and even corrected with love. When the disciples made mistakes in their method: “Shall we make fire come from the sky...?” — “You do not know what your spirit is”. Or when the mother of James and John went to ask the Lord: “Lord, I’d like to ask you a favour, that my two sons, at the time of your Kingdom, that one be at your right, the other at your left...”. And he corrected these things: he always guided, accompanied. Even after the Resurrection there is so much tenderness in seeing how Jesus chooses the right moment, chooses people, he doesn’t frighten. Let us consider the journey to Emmaus, how he accompanied [the two disciples]. They were supposed to go to Jerusalem; but they flee from Jerusalem out of fear, and he goes with them, he accompanies them. Then he shows himself, he reassures them. It is one of Jesus’ choices. Then the great choice which always touches me, when the son’s wedding feast is being prepared, he says: go to the crossroads and bring here the blind, the deaf, the lame...”. The good and the bad! Jesus always chooses. Then the choice of the lost sheep. He does not make a financial calculation: “I have 99, I have lost one...”. No. But the final choice will be the definitive one. And what questions will the Lord ask us on that day: “Did you go to Mass? Did you do a good catechesis?”. No, the questions will be about the poor, because poverty is at the centre of the Gospel. He who was rich made himself poor to enrich us with his poverty. He did not retain the privilege of being like God but abased himself, humiliated himself, unto death on the Cross (cf. Phil 2:6-8). It is the choice of service. Is Jesus God? It is true. Is he the Lord? It is true. But he is a servant, and he will make the choice on that basis. You, have you used your life for yourself or to serve? To protect yourself from others with walls or to welcome them with love? And this will be Jesus’ final choice. This page of the Gospel tells us so much about the Lord. I can ask myself the question: which side are we on, Lutherans and Catholics, the left or the right? There have been bad times between us.... Think of the persecutions — between us! — with the same Baptism! Think of the many burned alive. We have to ask each other forgiveness for this, for the scandal of division, because we all, Lutherans and Catholics, are in this choice, not in other choices, in this choice, the choice of service as he showed us by being a servant, the servant of the Lord.
I would like, to finish, seeing the Lord as the servant who serves, I would like to ask him to be the servant of unity, to help us to walk together. Today we have prayed together. Praying together, working together for the poor, for the needy; loving one another together, with the true love of brothers and sisters. “But Father, we are different, because our dogmatic books say one thing and yours say another”. But one of your great [exponents] once said that there is a time for reconciled diversity. Let us ask for this grace today, the grace of this diversity reconciled in the Lord, in the Servant of Yaweh, of that God who came among us to serve and not to be served.
I thank you very much for this fraternal hospitality. Thank you.
Three strengths
The Following is the text of the homily that the Pontiff had prepared for the occasion.
Dear Brothers and Sisters in the Lord,
Today’s meeting allows us to share a moment of fraternal prayer, and also gives us the opportunity to reflect on our relationship and on the ecumenical situation in general. Let us begin by thanking the Lord for the numerous steps we have taken towards unity, even while we are aware that there is still a long path ahead.
Today, the ecumenical movement has become a fundamental element of the life of our communities. For many people, of different age groups, progress in the field of ecumenism has become an objective to which it is worthwhile committing oneself permanently. Many men and women are willing to work together in order to overcome the divisions that are still present among us Christians. A very lively ecumenism is being experienced on a local, regional and global level. Even outside of our communities, men and women today are looking for an authentically lived faith. And this search is also the main reason for ecumenical progress.
If ecumenism is to have a future, that future cannot but start from the concerns and problems of people today. First, it is important to recognize each other as a community of believers in search of the Kingdom of God and his righteousness, knowing well that in this way they will receive all the rest (cf. Mt 6:33). On this common journey we can learn from each other, support and encourage each other, and experience the gifts of a faith lived as a wealth and source of strength. The Gospel that we listened to once again proposes to us the parable of the Last Judgment (cf. Mt 25:31-46). It reminds us that we will, indeed, be judged on our genuine closeness to our brother in his actual situation, in his condition. This requires the ability to express consideration, compassion, sharing and service.
This is a way of being Church, as was presented in the opening words of the Second Vatican Council’s Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes: “The joy and the hope, the grief and the anguish of the men of our time, especially of those who are poor or afflicted in any way, are the joy and hope, the grief and anguish of the followers of Christ as well” (n. 1). This is also the vocation and ecumenical mission of Catholics, Lutherans and all Christians: a joint commitment in the service of charity, especially for the smallest and poorest of people, rendering credible our affiliation to Christ.
Otherwise, it continues to be compromised by the divisions and conflicts between the Churches and between believers. Let us assume together the joy and toils of thediakoniaof charity through greater ecumenical cooperation. Let us do this with children and the elderly who are most in need, with refugees, and with all those who need care and support.
Another very important aspect of our path to unity is the recovery of all the richness of common prayer, of liturgical texts and the various forms of worship; the ecumenical celebrations of the Word, such as, for example, the ecumenical Liturgy of the Hours. Communal reading of the Bible belongs in a specific way to the sphere of spiritual ecumenism. I recall in particular the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, the Ecumenical Day of Prayer for the Care of Creation, which takes place on 1 September each year, and of other times your community diligently has organized along with various ecumenical partners.
In addition, enlightened by our common Baptism, Lutherans and Catholics are called to continue theological dialogue. After 50 years of ecumenical dialogue, the ground covered shows that what unites us isalreadymuch more than what still divides us. We are constantly searching for a deeper knowledge of divine truth. The experience of recent decades shows us that we must persevere in our efforts, to discover new aspects of divine revelation together and to bear witness to it together, according to the will of the Lord. With this trust in dialogue we shall be able to deepen the concerns of the Church, the Eucharist and Ministry in particular.
I also believe it is important that the Catholic Church courageously carry forward a careful and honest reevaluation of the intentions of the Reformation and of the figure of Martin Luther, in the sense of “Ecclesia semper reformanda”, in the broad wake traced by the Councils, as well by men and women, enlivened by the light and power of the Holy Spirit. The recent document of the Lutheran-Catholic Commission on Unity, entitled “From Conflict to Communion – Lutheran-Catholic Common Commemoration of the Reformation in 2017”, has addressed and carried out this reflection in a promising manner.
Therefore, ecumenism between Catholics and Lutherans, which is a fundamental condition for bearing a convincing witness to our faith in Christ before the people of our time, is based on these pillars: common prayer, diaconal sharing with the poor, and theological dialogue.
Soon theJubilee Year of Mercywill begin. I invite you to join us on this journey, in ecumenical communion, in Rome and in all churches and local communities, so that it may be a time for everyone to rediscover the mercy of God and the beauty of love for brothers and sisters.
May the Lord bless us and keep us in his peace.
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2397,
28838,
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736,
349,
22574,
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4241,
1401,
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28750,
28734,
28734,
28725,
297,
272,
727,
302,
6083,
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302,
351,
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266,
1926,
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727,
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486,
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441,
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272,
6380,
302,
272,
19895,
302,
365,
1088,
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272,
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302,
676,
403,
2770,
28723,
851,
6380,
403,
1215,
3796,
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1096,
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1170,
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553,
298,
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1269,
304,
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287,
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438,
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7433,
4142,
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3406,
1047,
624,
302,
1167,
1170,
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5970,
378,
403,
264,
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529,
1506,
265,
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654,
12302,
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9212,
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2434,
346,
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1047,
264,
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5970,
28725,
3545,
28725,
2511,
4243,
28808,
394,
6629,
1743,
25482,
28725,
590,
5273,
1982,
1040,
297,
456,
1222,
272,
1982,
302,
2445,
1096,
272,
1170,
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654,
2434,
346,
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442,
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12431,
682,
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13,
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5420,
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28723,
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528,
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272,
3085,
369,
1567,
298,
528,
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3210,
24404,
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460,
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302,
6466,
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767,
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579,
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5836,
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6879,
272,
744,
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272,
2429,
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394,
1029,
4051,
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650,
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272,
2757,
354,
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28723,
5836,
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2663,
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2372,
298,
12646,
28725,
298,
17118,
28725,
2372,
298,
272,
927,
11281,
28723,
2326,
456,
771,
302,
11787,
28705,
28783,
28734,
2518,
21574,
368,
511,
459,
1813,
8133,
28725,
368,
7031,
28723,
10649,
26206,
1467,
27297,
298,
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3837,
28725,
298,
11754,
624,
28809,
28713,
1216,
1982,
28725,
624,
28809,
28713,
1216,
26206,
1467,
28725,
562,
297,
1259,
9968,
624,
24224,
4413,
599,
477,
272,
2832,
302,
9120,
28723,
560,
272,
948,
8133,
460,
737,
16240,
28725,
590,
2848,
368,
805,
28723,
661,
349,
396,
15340,
1970,
298,
506,
264,
5051,
3031,
28723,
1015,
3154,
478,
1032,
378,
28725,
272,
25466,
3406,
1984,
5510,
17860,
271,
7083,
5465,
3154,
28747,
5051,
17758,
28723,
4127,
272,
1141,
302,
2499,
349,
1307,
298,
2848,
17758,
28723,
995,
2261,
528,
28747,
981,
2324,
1464,
298,
347,
302,
1316,
1835,
4052,
1193,
28725,
562,
478,
835,
873,
369,
11611,
349,
6516,
28723,
1824,
541,
478,
511,
390,
17209,
28725,
579,
369,
905,
511,
459,
2111,
582,
442,
1813,
633,
8133,
28804,
7445,
8819,
491,
6315,
28725,
9913,
1040,
1096,
15515,
349,
6787,
1040,
304,
7031,
28723,
1015,
7031,
28723,
2387,
1370,
28725,
590,
2261,
12387,
7163,
11207,
302,
2984,
7886,
1100,
264,
2996,
28747,
981,
3195,
28809,
28713,
272,
938,
302,
272,
4261,
368,
1038,
776,
298,
1914,
1167,
905,
28725,
693,
460,
1712,
442,
2308,
2202,
477,
3168,
28725,
298,
1202,
395,
27182,
28804,
7445,
661,
349,
264,
6088,
302,
2130,
297,
272,
13993,
28725,
562,
1024,
456,
28725,
272,
13993,
349,
708,
3774,
272,
1348,
28723,
1015,
28725,
1743,
395,
2372,
28725,
272,
8133,
2949,
1060,
486,
3892,
28745,
562,
813,
26206,
1467,
28725,
813,
8646,
354,
1982,
1743,
27297,
298,
1813,
706,
28723,
315,
949,
28809,
28707,
873,
28725,
456,
349,
767,
1988,
298,
586,
2273,
298,
1315,
28723,
7812,
368,
28723,
13,
2642,
834,
278,
12373,
12706,
9992,
354,
23868,
13,
1014,
1480,
4782,
13,
9169,
272,
420,
19432,
4865,
28725,
272,
21633,
3395,
272,
3153,
1106,
1568,
6536,
1564,
5019,
297,
10088,
28723,
415,
2296,
349,
264,
13846,
28723,
13,
28798,
274,
381,
28725,
1938,
516,
1411,
28725,
1269,
1287,
10475,
28723,
415,
624,
690,
478,
3364,
684,
3154,
622,
347,
272,
1480,
4782,
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6466,
1269,
1287,
10475,
28747,
272,
907,
704,
10411,
28725,
272,
7946,
6105,
400,
400,
4742,
28725,
272,
8954,
369,
4961,
713,
1101,
1040,
590,
4961,
713,
298,
7105,
1096,
400,
7310,
390,
624,
395,
9637,
28725,
459,
737,
272,
13500,
302,
272,
2309,
693,
654,
1117,
329,
1157,
684,
28745,
562,
478,
460,
2358,
298,
1220,
693,
1167,
905,
654,
989,
25310,
5585,
28723,
560,
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10661,
28705,
28750,
28770,
28725,
863,
590,
459,
1032,
18250,
472,
297,
713,
28745,
304,
1395,
905,
4961,
713,
28723,
6466,
1269,
10475,
304,
1019,
27840,
395,
2016,
28723,
1684,
272,
704,
10411,
1269,
17179,
297,
652,
2038,
28747,
981,
1981,
455,
478,
1038,
3339,
1567,
477,
272,
7212,
1101,
10584,
1040,
981,
1976,
511,
459,
873,
767,
574,
5838,
349,
7445,
1667,
739,
272,
3057,
302,
4797,
304,
2215,
2068,
298,
1460,
272,
6208,
28747,
981,
28758,
556,
28725,
315,
28809,
28715,
737,
298,
1460,
368,
264,
10392,
28725,
369,
586,
989,
15103,
28725,
438,
272,
727,
302,
574,
11508,
28725,
369,
624,
347,
438,
574,
1103,
28725,
272,
799,
438,
574,
1749,
1101,
7445,
1015,
400,
27840,
1167,
1722,
28747,
400,
1743,
23701,
28725,
16085,
28723,
4127,
1024,
272,
1992,
324,
19445,
736,
349,
579,
1188,
6273,
19384,
297,
6252,
910,
6466,
2183,
14779,
272,
1103,
2470,
28725,
2183,
14779,
905,
28725,
400,
2368,
28809,
28707,
14331,
269,
28723,
3169,
592,
1917,
272,
8123,
298,
17636,
381,
28725,
910,
400,
16085,
733,
1237,
989,
704,
10411,
1592,
1306,
654,
6495,
298,
576,
298,
20092,
28745,
562,
590,
6742,
28706,
477,
20092,
575,
302,
4813,
28725,
304,
400,
4859,
395,
706,
28725,
400,
13498,
497,
706,
28723,
2479,
400,
4370,
2722,
28725,
400,
18126,
1238,
706,
28723,
661,
349,
624,
302,
6466,
28809,
10475,
28723,
2479,
272,
1598,
4782,
690,
1743,
28208,
528,
28725,
739,
272,
1966,
28809,
28713,
9200,
701,
529,
349,
1250,
7998,
28725,
400,
2627,
28747,
576,
298,
272,
3893,
311,
6722,
304,
2968,
1236,
272,
10337,
28725,
272,
340,
2015,
28725,
272,
305,
433,
1101,
7445,
415,
1179,
304,
272,
2607,
28808,
6466,
1743,
2183,
14779,
28723,
2479,
272,
4782,
302,
272,
3654,
19583,
28723,
650,
1235,
459,
1038,
264,
5593,
18011,
28747,
981,
28737,
506,
28705,
28774,
28774,
28725,
315,
506,
3654,
624,
1101,
7445,
1770,
28723,
1092,
272,
1480,
4782,
622,
347,
272,
4952,
495,
624,
28723,
1015,
767,
4224,
622,
272,
6208,
1460,
592,
356,
369,
1370,
28747,
981,
10277,
368,
576,
298,
7576,
28804,
7164,
368,
511,
264,
1179,
277,
380,
1927,
278,
28804,
7445,
1770,
28725,
272,
4224,
622,
347,
684,
272,
5366,
28725,
1096,
16733,
349,
438,
272,
8802,
302,
272,
420,
19432,
28723,
650,
693,
403,
6708,
1269,
2722,
5366,
298,
481,
6408,
592,
395,
516,
16733,
28723,
650,
863,
459,
16815,
272,
23037,
302,
1250,
737,
2499,
562,
534,
1293,
2722,
28725,
1997,
2689,
601,
2722,
28725,
1883,
28709,
3168,
356,
272,
10464,
325,
10037,
28723,
4322,
28705,
28750,
28747,
28784,
28733,
28783,
609,
661,
349,
272,
4782,
302,
2372,
28723,
1691,
6466,
2499,
28804,
661,
349,
1132,
28723,
1691,
400,
272,
6208,
28804,
661,
349,
1132,
28723,
1092,
400,
349,
264,
22075,
28725,
304,
400,
622,
1038,
272,
4782,
356,
369,
6451,
28723,
995,
28725,
506,
368,
1307,
574,
1411,
354,
3936,
442,
298,
7031,
28804,
1791,
5321,
3936,
477,
2663,
395,
8133,
442,
298,
10058,
706,
395,
2016,
28804,
1015,
456,
622,
347,
6466,
28809,
1480,
4782,
28723,
851,
2884,
302,
272,
420,
19432,
8922,
592,
579,
1188,
684,
272,
6208,
28723,
315,
541,
1460,
3561,
272,
2996,
28747,
690,
2081,
460,
478,
356,
28725,
22370,
509,
304,
8746,
328,
1063,
28725,
272,
1749,
442,
272,
1103,
28804,
1387,
506,
750,
2607,
2421,
1444,
592,
3406,
15403,
302,
272,
660,
8765,
594,
1040,
1444,
592,
28808,
1040,
395,
272,
1348,
22654,
1443,
28808,
15403,
302,
272,
1287,
14518,
8630,
28723,
816,
506,
298,
1460,
1430,
799,
12706,
9992,
354,
456,
28725,
354,
272,
28569,
302,
9652,
28725,
1096,
478,
544,
28725,
22370,
509,
304,
8746,
328,
1063,
28725,
460,
297,
456,
4782,
28725,
459,
297,
799,
10475,
28725,
297,
456,
4782,
28725,
272,
4782,
302,
2372,
390,
400,
6642,
592,
486,
1250,
264,
22075,
28725,
272,
22075,
302,
272,
6208,
28723,
13,
28737,
682,
737,
28725,
298,
7446,
28725,
6252,
272,
6208,
390,
272,
22075,
693,
14449,
28725,
315,
682,
737,
298,
1460,
713,
298,
347,
272,
22075,
302,
23712,
28725,
298,
1316,
592,
298,
2338,
2553,
28723,
8784,
478,
506,
9913,
286,
2553,
28723,
27881,
288,
2553,
28725,
2739,
2553,
354,
272,
5366,
28725,
354,
272,
927,
28724,
28745,
16276,
624,
1698,
2553,
28725,
395,
272,
1132,
2016,
302,
12646,
304,
17118,
28723,
981,
2438,
11432,
28725,
478,
460,
1581,
28725,
1096,
813,
3914,
20095,
4796,
1315,
624,
1970,
304,
13010,
1315,
1698,
7445,
1092,
624,
302,
574,
1598,
733,
720,
6445,
28793,
2327,
773,
369,
736,
349,
264,
727,
354,
25349,
4360,
18644,
28723,
3169,
592,
1460,
354,
456,
13754,
3154,
28725,
272,
13754,
302,
456,
18644,
25349,
4360,
297,
272,
6208,
28725,
297,
272,
15541,
440,
302,
26849,
769,
28716,
28725,
302,
369,
2499,
693,
1988,
3352,
592,
298,
7031,
304,
459,
298,
347,
6117,
28723,
13,
28737,
6979,
368,
1215,
1188,
354,
456,
1104,
795,
2340,
6556,
472,
28723,
7812,
368,
28723,
13,
24851,
28136,
13,
1014,
13407,
349,
272,
2245,
302,
272,
3153,
1106,
369,
272,
19745,
2728,
553,
7998,
354,
272,
8778,
28723,
13,
28757,
644,
22793,
304,
21310,
28713,
297,
272,
6208,
28725,
13,
28738,
19761,
28809,
28713,
5283,
5976,
592,
298,
4098,
264,
2470,
302,
1104,
795,
2340,
15515,
28725,
304,
835,
5212,
592,
272,
5701,
298,
7967,
356,
813,
3758,
304,
356,
272,
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20341,
745,
4620,
297,
2952,
28723,
3169,
592,
2839,
486,
6979,
288,
272,
6208,
354,
272,
9696,
5944,
478,
506,
3214,
5083,
23712,
28725,
1019,
1312,
478,
460,
5635,
369,
736,
349,
1309,
264,
1043,
2439,
6280,
28723,
13,
28738,
19761,
28725,
272,
11353,
20341,
745,
6249,
659,
2727,
264,
11854,
2442,
302,
272,
1411,
302,
813,
9750,
28723,
1263,
1287,
905,
28725,
302,
1581,
3595,
4938,
28725,
5097,
297,
272,
1834,
302,
11353,
20341,
1443,
659,
2727,
396,
13640,
298,
690,
378,
349,
4407,
5413,
901,
3257,
4413,
599,
26815,
28723,
6025,
1683,
304,
2525,
460,
7813,
298,
771,
2553,
297,
1745,
298,
17132,
272,
23868,
369,
460,
1309,
2169,
3352,
592,
17209,
28723,
330,
1215,
305,
2260,
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20341,
1443,
349,
1250,
8304,
356,
264,
1862,
28725,
11908,
304,
3526,
2184,
28723,
4127,
3536,
302,
813,
9750,
28725,
1683,
304,
2525,
3154,
460,
2526,
354,
396,
1206,
5577,
1944,
6262,
7152,
28723,
1015,
456,
3472,
349,
835,
272,
2191,
2611,
354,
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28734,
2518,
21574,
368,
511,
459,
1813,
8133,
28725,
368,
7031,
28723,
10649,
26206,
1467,
27297,
298,
11754,
3837,
28725,
298,
11754,
624,
28809,
28713,
1216,
1982,
28725,
624,
28809,
28713,
1216,
26206,
1467,
28725,
562,
297,
1259,
9968,
624,
24224,
4413,
599,
477,
272,
2832,
302,
9120,
28723,
560,
272,
948,
8133,
460,
737,
16240,
28725,
590,
2848,
368,
805,
28723,
661,
349,
396,
15340,
1970,
298,
506,
264,
5051,
3031,
28723,
1015,
3154,
478,
1032,
378,
28725,
272,
25466,
3406,
1984,
5510,
17860,
271,
7083,
5465,
3154,
28747,
5051,
17758,
28723,
4127,
272,
1141,
302,
2499,
349,
1307,
298,
2848,
17758,
28723,
995,
2261,
528,
28747,
981,
2324,
1464,
298,
347,
302,
1316,
1835,
4052,
1193,
28725,
562,
478,
835,
873,
369,
11611,
349,
6516,
28723,
1824,
541,
478,
511,
390,
17209,
28725,
579,
369,
905,
511,
459,
2111,
582,
442,
1813,
633,
8133,
28804,
7445,
8819,
491,
6315,
28725,
9913,
1040,
1096,
15515,
349,
6787,
1040,
304,
7031,
28723,
1015,
7031,
28723,
2387,
1370,
28725,
590,
2261,
12387,
7163,
11207,
302,
2984,
7886,
1100,
264,
2996,
28747,
981,
3195,
28809,
28713,
272,
938,
302,
272,
4261,
368,
1038,
776,
298,
1914,
1167,
905,
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693,
460,
1712,
442,
2308,
2202,
477,
3168,
28725,
298,
1202,
395,
27182,
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7445,
661,
349,
264,
6088,
302,
2130,
297,
272,
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562,
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456,
28725,
272,
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3774,
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1348,
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1015,
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1743,
395,
2372,
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272,
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2949,
1060,
486,
3892,
28745,
562,
813,
26206,
1467,
28725,
813,
8646,
354,
1982,
1743,
27297,
298,
1813,
706,
28723,
315,
949,
28809,
28707,
873,
28725,
456,
349,
767,
1988,
298,
586,
2273,
298,
1315,
28723,
7812,
368,
28723,
13,
2642,
834,
278,
12373,
12706,
9992,
354,
23868,
13,
1014,
1480,
4782,
13,
9169,
272,
420,
19432,
4865,
28725,
272,
21633,
3395,
272,
3153,
1106,
1568,
6536,
1564,
5019,
297,
10088,
28723,
415,
2296,
349,
264,
13846,
28723,
13,
28798,
274,
381,
28725,
1938,
516,
1411,
28725,
1269,
1287,
10475,
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415,
624,
690,
478,
3364,
684,
3154,
622,
347,
272,
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4782,
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272,
907,
704,
10411,
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272,
7946,
6105,
400,
400,
4742,
28725,
272,
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369,
4961,
713,
1101,
1040,
590,
4961,
713,
298,
7105,
1096,
400,
7310,
390,
624,
395,
9637,
28725,
459,
737,
272,
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302,
272,
2309,
693,
654,
1117,
329,
1157,
684,
28745,
562,
478,
460,
2358,
298,
1220,
693,
1167,
905,
654,
989,
25310,
5585,
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560,
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28705,
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28725,
863,
590,
459,
1032,
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472,
297,
713,
28745,
304,
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905,
4961,
713,
28723,
6466,
1269,
10475,
304,
1019,
27840,
395,
2016,
28723,
1684,
272,
704,
10411,
1269,
17179,
297,
652,
2038,
28747,
981,
1981,
455,
478,
1038,
3339,
1567,
477,
272,
7212,
1101,
10584,
1040,
981,
1976,
511,
459,
873,
767,
574,
5838,
349,
7445,
1667,
739,
272,
3057,
302,
4797,
304,
2215,
2068,
298,
1460,
272,
6208,
28747,
981,
28758,
556,
28725,
315,
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28715,
737,
298,
1460,
368,
264,
10392,
28725,
369,
586,
989,
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28725,
438,
272,
727,
302,
574,
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28725,
369,
624,
347,
438,
574,
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28725,
272,
799,
438,
574,
1749,
1101,
7445,
1015,
400,
27840,
1167,
1722,
28747,
400,
1743,
23701,
28725,
16085,
28723,
4127,
1024,
272,
1992,
324,
19445,
736,
349,
579,
1188,
6273,
19384,
297,
6252,
910,
6466,
2183,
14779,
272,
1103,
2470,
28725,
2183,
14779,
905,
28725,
400,
2368,
28809,
28707,
14331,
269,
28723,
3169,
592,
1917,
272,
8123,
298,
17636,
381,
28725,
910,
400,
16085,
733,
1237,
989,
704,
10411,
1592,
1306,
654,
6495,
298,
576,
298,
20092,
28745,
562,
590,
6742,
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477,
20092,
575,
302,
4813,
28725,
304,
400,
4859,
395,
706,
28725,
400,
13498,
497,
706,
28723,
2479,
400,
4370,
2722,
28725,
400,
18126,
1238,
706,
28723,
661,
349,
624,
302,
6466,
28809,
10475,
28723,
2479,
272,
1598,
4782,
690,
1743,
28208,
528,
28725,
739,
272,
1966,
28809,
28713,
9200,
701,
529,
349,
1250,
7998,
28725,
400,
2627,
28747,
576,
298,
272,
3893,
311,
6722,
304,
2968,
1236,
272,
10337,
28725,
272,
340,
2015,
28725,
272,
305,
433,
1101,
7445,
415,
1179,
304,
272,
2607,
28808,
6466,
1743,
2183,
14779,
28723,
2479,
272,
4782,
302,
272,
3654,
19583,
28723,
650,
1235,
459,
1038,
264,
5593,
18011,
28747,
981,
28737,
506,
28705,
28774,
28774,
28725,
315,
506,
3654,
624,
1101,
7445,
1770,
28723,
1092,
272,
1480,
4782,
622,
347,
272,
4952,
495,
624,
28723,
1015,
767,
4224,
622,
272,
6208,
1460,
592,
356,
369,
1370,
28747,
981,
10277,
368,
576,
298,
7576,
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7164,
368,
511,
264,
1179,
277,
380,
1927,
278,
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7445,
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272,
4224,
622,
347,
684,
272,
5366,
28725,
1096,
16733,
349,
438,
272,
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302,
272,
420,
19432,
28723,
650,
693,
403,
6708,
1269,
2722,
5366,
298,
481,
6408,
592,
395,
516,
16733,
28723,
650,
863,
459,
16815,
272,
23037,
302,
1250,
737,
2499,
562,
534,
1293,
2722,
28725,
1997,
2689,
601,
2722,
28725,
1883,
28709,
3168,
356,
272,
10464,
325,
10037,
28723,
4322,
28705,
28750,
28747,
28784,
28733,
28783,
609,
661,
349,
272,
4782,
302,
2372,
28723,
1691,
6466,
2499,
28804,
661,
349,
1132,
28723,
1691,
400,
272,
6208,
28804,
661,
349,
1132,
28723,
1092,
400,
349,
264,
22075,
28725,
304,
400,
622,
1038,
272,
4782,
356,
369,
6451,
28723,
995,
28725,
506,
368,
1307,
574,
1411,
354,
3936,
442,
298,
7031,
28804,
1791,
5321,
3936,
477,
2663,
395,
8133,
442,
298,
10058,
706,
395,
2016,
28804,
1015,
456,
622,
347,
6466,
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1480,
4782,
28723,
851,
2884,
302,
272,
420,
19432,
8922,
592,
579,
1188,
684,
272,
6208,
28723,
315,
541,
1460,
3561,
272,
2996,
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690,
2081,
460,
478,
356,
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509,
304,
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328,
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28725,
272,
1749,
442,
272,
1103,
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506,
750,
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2421,
1444,
592,
3406,
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302,
272,
660,
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594,
1040,
1444,
592,
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395,
272,
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302,
272,
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8630,
28723,
816,
506,
298,
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1430,
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354,
272,
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544,
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272,
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390,
400,
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302,
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13,
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682,
737,
28725,
298,
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28725,
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272,
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390,
272,
22075,
693,
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28725,
315,
682,
737,
298,
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713,
298,
347,
272,
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302,
23712,
28725,
298,
1316,
592,
298,
2338,
2553,
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8784,
478,
506,
9913,
286,
2553,
28723,
27881,
288,
2553,
28725,
2739,
2553,
354,
272,
5366,
28725,
354,
272,
927,
28724,
28745,
16276,
624,
1698,
2553,
28725,
395,
272,
1132,
2016,
302,
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304,
17118,
28723,
981,
2438,
11432,
28725,
478,
460,
1581,
28725,
1096,
813,
3914,
20095,
4796,
1315,
624,
1970,
304,
13010,
1315,
1698,
7445,
1092,
624,
302,
574,
1598,
733,
720,
6445,
28793,
2327,
773,
369,
736,
349,
264,
727,
354,
25349,
4360,
18644,
28723,
3169,
592,
1460,
354,
456,
13754,
3154,
28725,
272,
13754,
302,
456,
18644,
25349,
4360,
297,
272,
6208,
28725,
297,
272,
15541,
440,
302,
26849,
769,
28716,
28725,
302,
369,
2499,
693,
1988,
3352,
592,
298,
7031,
304,
459,
298,
347,
6117,
28723,
13,
28737,
6979,
368,
1215,
1188,
354,
456,
1104,
795,
2340,
6556,
472,
28723,
7812,
368,
28723,
13,
24851,
28136,
13,
1014,
13407,
349,
272,
2245,
302,
272,
3153,
1106,
369,
272,
19745,
2728,
553,
7998,
354,
272,
8778,
28723,
13,
28757,
644,
22793,
304,
21310,
28713,
297,
272,
6208,
28725,
13,
28738,
19761,
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28713,
5283,
5976,
592,
298,
4098,
264,
2470,
302,
1104,
795,
2340,
15515,
28725,
304,
835,
5212,
592,
272,
5701,
298,
7967,
356,
813,
3758,
304,
356,
272,
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745,
4620,
297,
2952,
28723,
3169,
592,
2839,
486,
6979,
288,
272,
6208,
354,
272,
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5944,
478,
506,
3214,
5083,
23712,
28725,
1019,
1312,
478,
460,
5635,
369,
736,
349,
1309,
264,
1043,
2439,
6280,
28723,
13,
28738,
19761,
28725,
272,
11353,
20341,
745,
6249,
659,
2727,
264,
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2442,
302,
272,
1411,
302,
813,
9750,
28723,
1263,
1287,
905,
28725,
302,
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3595,
4938,
28725,
5097,
297,
272,
1834,
302,
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20341,
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659,
2727,
396,
13640,
298,
690,
378,
349,
4407,
5413,
901,
3257,
4413,
599,
26815,
28723,
6025,
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304,
2525,
460,
7813,
298,
771,
2553,
297,
1745,
298,
17132,
272,
23868,
369,
460,
1309,
2169,
3352,
592,
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28723,
330,
1215,
305,
2260,
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20341,
1443,
349,
1250,
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356,
264,
1862,
28725,
11908,
304,
3526,
2184,
28723,
4127,
3536,
302,
813,
9750,
28725,
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304,
2525,
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460,
2526,
354,
396,
1206,
5577,
1944,
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28723,
1015,
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3472,
349,
835,
272,
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2611,
354,
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745,
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13,
3381,
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1443,
349,
298,
506,
264,
3437,
28725,
369,
3437,
3573,
562,
1149,
477,
272,
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304,
4418,
302,
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28723,
4205,
28725,
378,
349,
2278,
298,
11286,
1430,
799,
390,
264,
3618,
302,
1989,
740,
297,
3472,
302,
272,
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302,
2499,
304,
516,
1103,
25818,
1467,
28725,
8215,
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369,
297,
456,
1069,
590,
622,
5556,
544,
272,
1846,
325,
10037,
28723,
351,
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28705,
28784,
28747,
28770,
28770,
609,
1418,
456,
3298,
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478,
541,
2822,
477,
1430,
799,
28725,
1760,
304,
12829,
1430,
799,
28725,
304,
2659,
272,
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302,
264,
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390,
264,
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304,
2832,
302,
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28723,
415,
420,
19432,
369,
478,
15112,
298,
2327,
1076,
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274,
298,
592,
272,
940,
522,
302,
272,
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466,
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28740,
28733,
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28784,
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661,
25639,
592,
369,
478,
622,
28725,
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28725,
347,
4612,
2560,
356,
813,
16968,
3377,
14176,
298,
813,
5510,
297,
516,
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4620,
28725,
297,
516,
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28723,
851,
6948,
272,
5537,
298,
4072,
15301,
28725,
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28725,
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304,
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28723,
13,
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302,
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390,
403,
7567,
297,
272,
7032,
3085,
302,
272,
7052,
550,
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276,
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28713,
17860,
10801,
18620,
420,
5675,
1962,
911,
1670,
274,
28747,
981,
1014,
10186,
304,
272,
3317,
28725,
272,
20571,
304,
272,
396,
2851,
789,
302,
272,
1683,
302,
813,
727,
28725,
4012,
302,
1395,
693,
460,
5366,
442,
2211,
7410,
286,
297,
707,
1069,
28725,
460,
272,
10186,
304,
3317,
28725,
272,
20571,
304,
396,
2851,
789,
302,
272,
19081,
302,
2393,
390,
1162,
28838,
325,
28711,
28723,
28705,
28740,
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851,
349,
835,
272,
7901,
352,
304,
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745,
7023,
302,
8746,
328,
1063,
28725,
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304,
544,
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28747,
264,
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13106,
297,
272,
2372,
302,
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28725,
4012,
354,
272,
22341,
304,
1627,
18115,
302,
905,
28725,
24921,
3993,
1070,
813,
11795,
352,
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Tracey Folly
Writing about relationships online since 2009.
Massachusetts State
My husband didn’t come home
Tracey Folly 2021-09-26
Photo by Ivan Cabañas on Unsplash
My husband and I were both unhappily married. Although it’s very easy for me to demonize him, I realize now that he was just as miserable as I was albeit for very different reasons.
He frequently spent his evenings riding on his Harley-Davidson motorcycle with or without some biker groupie sitting on the back while I spent my nights crying and shaking uncontrollably and waiting for him to return — and praying that he wouldn’t.
If I had one message I could send to that sobbing twenty-something girl decades ago, it would be this. Instead of crying when your husband is running around town with another woman, pack your bags and get out of the house before he comes home.
My husband would invariably come home drunk and belligerent, stinking of booze, cigarettes, and other women. He’d shout, throw things, make a ruckus, and then eventually pass out on the bed or the sofa or the floor with our dog curled up against his side.
Then one night he didn’t come home.
It wasn’t unusual for him to come home as the first streaks of daylight were beginning to illuminate the sky. So when he wasn’t home by the time I left for work, it was barely a reason for concern. That doesn’t mean I wasn’t furious.
When I arrived home from work and there was still no trace of his presence in the third-floor apartment we shared, I started to worry. Even our dog seemed confused.
Dinnertime came and went, and there was still no sign of my husband. The apartment was preternaturally quiet. No doors were slammed. Neither glassware nor curses were hurled. There was no shouting. No hitting. It was peaceful. And quiet.
It should have been bliss, but I was not accustomed to peace and quiet. I was accustomed to chaos.
I called the police station and the hospital, but he wasn’t there.
I picked up the Yellow Pages. I found the phone number to the local police station, and I dialed the landline phone that was tethered to the wall in our tiny kitchen. When I explained the situation, the dispatcher yelled at me. I had called the phone number designated for emergencies only. This was not an emergency.
I picked up the Yellow Pages. I found the non-emergency phone number to the local police station, and I dialed the landline phone that was tethered to the wall in our tiny kitchen. When I explained the situation, the dispatcher advised that there was nothing he could do until I had exhausted all other options.
He suggested I call the local hospitals. Perhaps my husband was lying unconscious and unidentified there. Then he suggested I call the local morgue. Perhaps my husband was lying dead and unidentified there.
If nothing turned up, I could call the police station back. If they were satisfied with my efforts, then perhaps they would file a missing person report.
I picked up the Yellow Pages. I found the phone number to the local hospital, and I dialed the landline phone that was tethered to the wall in our tiny kitchen. When I explained the situation to the nurse on duty, she assured me that there was no unconscious and unidentified John Doe awaiting my call.
I didn’t call the morgue; I called my father-in-law instead.
“I think I know exactly where he is,” my father-in-law said into the phone. “I’ll go there and tell him to go home.”
Thirty minutes later, my husband was home safe and none the worse for — wherever he’d been. Five years later, we were divorced. Ten years later, he was dead.
I never did find out where he was the night he didn’t come home, but I always had my suspicions. I still do.
Why didn’t my husband come home that night?
He was frustrated with his life and his job. He was frustrated with our marriage.
I couldn’t blame him. I was frustrated with our marriage, too.
Faced with a total lack of control in his life, my husband decided to take back power in the only way he could. He decided to stay out all night without telling me because he needed to feel like he still had control.
My husband certainly didn’t feel the need to ask my permission to go out after work that night. There’s only one problem. By deciding to exert his autonomy and stay out all night without my prior knowledge, he showed a complete and total disregard for our marriage.
It was a clear case of disrespect, and here’s the kicker. This wasn’t the only time my husband didn’t come home after work. It happened multiple times.
It’s not about permission; it’s about respect.
When we got married, I assumed I would have the right to know where my husband was and what he was doing at all times. Although I didn’t expect to have veto power over his friends and his activities, I did think I’d have some influence.
At the very least, if my husband didn’t want to come home after work, I thought he’d ask.
I was wrong. He didn't ask me whether I was okay with him not coming home from work because he didn't care if I was okay with it. All that mattered to him were his wants and needs. My fear and anxiety were irrelevant. He never even said he was sorry.
The most important thing I learned when my husband didn’t come home that night was this: My partner doesn’t need to ask permission to do something, but there is no successful marriage without respect.
Years have passed since that night, and I have matured. In the future, if my partner wants to go somewhere after work instead of coming home, I hope he will let me know.
It’s not about asking permission. My permission isn’t needed, but mutual respect is required. That quality was missing in my past relationships, but I couldn’t imagine having a successful relationship without it now.
Comments / 210
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693,
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754,
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341,
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264,
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5561,
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315,
403,
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1502,
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288,
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528,
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713,
318,
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1600,
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13,
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8922,
676,
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28713,
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464,
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970,
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516,
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754,
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650,
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521,
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272,
319,
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9435,
390,
264,
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302,
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304,
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354,
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264,
28723,
28719,
611,
13,
12422,
8001,
12933,
284,
3429,
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438,
410,
1502,
298,
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713,
1309,
1938,
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727,
13,
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907,
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438,
264,
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4982,
354,
989,
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2659,
315,
682,
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5800,
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837,
459,
6311,
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302,
2436,
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682,
347,
264,
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1938,
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989,
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1269,
528,
312,
6524,
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586,
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13,
2356,
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274,
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4414,
3215,
4445,
287,
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6906,
263,
477,
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6869,
1126,
6192,
28747,
464,
7638,
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864,
272,
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4445,
739,
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3260,
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356,
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3926,
315,
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907,
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28745,
1307,
395,
9599,
28723,
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17380,
7620,
264,
5804,
28733,
1095,
1253,
739,
315,
403,
264,
10799,
28723,
315,
541,
3229,
6265,
713,
3358,
303,
1288,
346,
17126,
272,
287,
26089,
6906,
263,
272,
3215,
4445,
553,
7589,
298,
272,
852,
302,
516,
1253,
1024,
400,
4248,
378,
1611,
28723,
13,
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] |
Discuss the financial market’s reaction to the secondary offering of a company (why there was a drop in the price) and whether dilution is a reason for the decline. Rosetta Stone Case study
Rosetta Stone Case study
Rosetta stone’s recent IPO, which was made public by Rosetta stone incorporation on April 16, 2009 and closed at $25.12 on the NYSE. The initial day jump of 39% saw Rosetta stone share prices rise to $23.
The stock traded at almost 31 cents per share over the following months. Rosetta Stone announced on August 10, 2009 that it had submitted another registration statement to the Security Exchange Commission in order for a secondary offer. The majority of the stock would be purchased from the two existing shareholders, and not new stock.
Over the next week,Rosetta Stone’s price fell to $20 per share, a 35% drop in one week. The firm declared that it had cancelled the secondary offer on August 17, 2009.
Discuss the financial market’s reaction to the secondary offering of a company (why there was a drop in the price) and whether dilution is a reason for the decline.
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Create an argument for using the free cash flow valuation approach for equity valuation. Provide support for your argument 2-5 Assignment: Writing Notes | [
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1. Create an individual professional nursing development plan considering practice standards, self-reflection, nursing knowledge, and higher education
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Lucille Budzinski
Mrs. Lucille M. Budzinski, age 95, of Central Avenue, Salamanca, New York died Wednesday evening, January 6, 2010 following a brief illness.
Born May 31, 1914, she was the daughter of the late Louis & Josephine Zielinski Polasik. Mrs. Budzinski was married on February 3, 1943 in Battlecreek, Michigan to the late Floyd Budzinski who predeceased her in 1978.
Mrs. Budzinski cared for children for over 25 years. She enjoyed her family as well as cooking and shopping at the Broadway Market in Buffalo, New York. She was also an avid reader.
She was a member of Our Lady of Peace Parish and it’s Rosary Society.
Surviving are: 1 daughter, Miss Mary Budzinski, Central Avenue, Salamanca; 1 son, Tom Budzinski, Buffalo, New York; 2 sisters, Marie (Henry) Griehm, Salamanca, Ann Sipko, Ft Meyers, Florida; 2 brothers, Carl Polasik, Salamanca, Paul (Betty Lou) Polasik, Hornell, New York: several nieces and nephews.
She was predeceased by 2 brothers, Raymond Polasik and Leo Polasik.
Friends may call at the O’Rourke & O’Rourke Inc. Funeral Home, 25 River Street, Salamanca, New York on Sunday from 2-6 PM
A Mass of Christian Burial will be held on Monday morning at 10:30 A.M. in Our Lady of Peace Parish with Rev. Patrick Melfi, pastor, as celebrant.
Burial will be in Calvary Cemetery, Salamanca, New York.
The Rosary of Christian Hope will be recited in the funeral home on Sunday afternoon at 3:30 P.M.
In lieu of flowers the family suggests memorials to the Salamanca Public Library Memorial Fund or the Our Lady of Peace Parish Memorial Fund. | [
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How to Start a Business with Only a Digital Marketing Consultant
An independent consultant that helps firms maximize the use of digital marketing through the creation, implementation and optimization of marketing strategies is referred to as a “Digital Marketing Consultant.”
Anybody can do it and earn their money. Digital Marketing has many advantages, and if not done with the proper marketing will not be able to reach your goal. As a result, a digital marketing consultant can provide a valuable service to clients who want to optimize the size of their online presence. Ossisto is also an internet marketing company specializing in content marketing, social media strategy, email marketing, and search engine optimization.
Check out How to Start a Business with a Digital Marketing Consultant.
Build the necessary skills: Digital marketing is one of the essential branches of marketing, where marketers need to be skilled. There are many branches of digital marketing that are suitable for different audiences. First, however, marketers must understand the basic skills required to succeed in the digital marketing strategy. To build the necessary skills in digital marketing, you must first educate yourself in digital marketing.
Define your Niche: The Niche is very important both in Online and Offline Marketing. If you don’t define your Niche well, it can waste a lot of time and money. Therefore, one of the most valuable pieces of information that anyone can do to succeed in digital marketing is defined their niche. Not only does this help you become more successful, but it also helps you keep growing for more years to come.
Establish your brand: Personal branding is the process of creating your brand to make you stand out from your competitors. Establishing your brand with a digital marketing consultant is one of the most critical steps in the marketing process, because it will be impossible for you to attract the right audience.
Build your team: Building your team with a Digital Marketing Consultant is crucial for any business in today’s business world. In this fast-paced world, technology makes it easier to communicate and interact with your customers in a more relaxed, fun, and productive way. The experience of building your team with a Digital Marketing Consultant helps people avoid the mistakes they have made earlier.
Decide on your pricing structure: Pricing is one of the essential parts of digital marketing: without the right pricing strategy, you could be losing thousands of dollars a day. The price of your product should be based on your company’s financial status. If you’re a startup and charge too low a price, you will not be able to cover your expenses. If you’re an established brand, you could charge a higher price than you would charge while in the startup phase. It is important to know the pricing strategy of your competitors.
Build your network: Building your network to expand your company’s footprint is one of the most important steps you can take to succeed. Successful businesses build their networks and market their products and services to potential clients and customers. A personal network will help you develop relationships that lead to new business. These relationships can also help you build market awareness and expand your company’s reach.
Continue to educate yourself and your team: A digital marketing consultant plays a key role in the overall digital marketing strategy, helping the company develop and implement a holistic and strategic marketing plan, assuring that the campaign is carried out and measurable. You can also encourage and encourage customers and prospects to take action and promote brand engagement and loyalty by investing in your digital marketing tactics on a regular basis.
Conclusion: Digital marketing is the key to success for any business. A digital marketing consultant plays a huge role in the successful outcome of a company’s business.
They are responsible for mapping the strategies of digital marketing, which directly affect the outcome of the business.
It is a combination of several specialties and skills, and they work together to help you get the most out of your internet marketing campaign. An online marketer can help your business grow by increasing traffic flow to your website, engaging your customers more effectively, and increasing leads. If you see a way to make more money, digital marketing can help you. | [
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Filed Under: Finances
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PAT Finance says
As previously stated, it’s important to know that you have options. In addition to consulting with a financial adviser and getting credit counseling, you can take additional steps to fix your situation. For example, if your credit is less than satisfactory, you can work toward rebuilding it by applying for a secured credit card. | [
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Dan Marshall
Attorney / Business Owner
Dan is a life-long resident of the Parkersburg-Vienna area. He is a graduate of the Parkersburg High School, Marietta College, and WVU College of Law. Dan concentrates in the fields of commercial real estate and public finance law. He is a member of the Industrial Council of the Workers’ Compensation Board and previously a member of the WV School Building Authority and WV Pension Board Review Committee. | [
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[Photo by Tomoaki Inaba on Flickr]
Tuvalu (population: 11,646 in 2019) has a primary net enrolment rate of 76.2% (2016)1 and a secondary school completion rate 66.7% (2018)1. The youth unemployment rates (15-24 years old) is 63.7 % (2012)2. The Maritime Training Institute, on Funafuti, was founded in 1979 and provides vocational and technical training for those seeking employment on ships and fishing boats, and in-service training for serving seamen. The Technical Education Centre offers training in building trades. Tuvalu is a partner in the regional University of the South Pacific (USP), which supports public efforts to increase access to affordable and relevant tertiary educational services within the region.
Internet connectivity is available to 49% (2017)3 of the population, and mobile-cellular subscriptions are at 70 per 100 people (2017)3. Infrastructure is available for distance and technology-enabled learning and for expanding access to education and training in Tuvalu. For more information, read COL Country Report: Tuvalu 2015-2021.
resources for tuvalu
OER Collection for Teachers in Tuvalu
activities in tuvalu | [
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Privatization Of The State Stores: It’s Now Or Never
Phoenixville Phoenix
On Thursday night, as much of the nation was focused on the excitement of the Harvard men’s basketball team making history, here in Pennsylvania we were making some history of our own. With my colleagues and I in the state House approving House Bill 790, it marked the first time either chamber of the state legislature has passed a bill solely designed to privatize our archaic, state-run liquor system.
The vote, while extremely noteworthy, is by no means the final step in what promises to be a long and arduous process. The bill is now poised to head to the state Senate before it would eventually go to the governor’s desk. However, approval by the Senate is not guaranteed and may be much more difficult than originally thought. Therefore, I am urging Pennsylvanians who agree with me that it is time to end the state monopoly on liquor to contact their state Senators and urge them to permit the free market to flourish in Pennsylvania.
It’s time for Pennsylvania to rebalance its policy portfolio, especially with continued challenging budgets. This starts with refocusing government on core public sector functions and off-loading those better left to the private sector. The state should relinquish its stake in this holding and reposition the adult beverage sector in the marketplace. Not only will privatization improve choice, convenience and cost for citizens, but also it will extricate the state from a product line that clearly is not a core function of government. Government should not be a purveyor of alcohol.
Supporters of House Bill 790, which I have co-sponsored, have gone to extraordinary lengths, nearly unprecedented even, to try to ameliorate ongoing objections of certain interests. For example, beer distributors, many of them small, retail businesses, will be given first opportunity to buy the new wine and spirits licenses before anyone else (literally, anyone else!). These licenses will be at a lower set cost than what other entities will pay. This provides more-than-fair opportunity for these local businesses to sustain themselves as they transition from business models in effect for years under the current system and business conditions.
Another area of considerable concern is the future status of employees in the state store system. Some assert too many jobs will be lost. This is a traditional argument in relation to this proposal, and one well predating the economic downturn. Most prominently raised by labor unions, this objection long has proved a major stumbling block toward privatization approval.
I empathize that current employees should be treated fairly, absolutely, and they will be. Privatization will yield more employment opportunities for workers, as a state store system with 600 stores gives way to a market-driven system of upwards of 1,800 outlets. These private operations all will be seeking to hire employees experienced in the adult beverage sector. Additionally, entities hiring employees of the state store system will be granted a $2,000 per year tax credit for each such employee hired. This credit could be claimed not just by private wine and spirits enterprises, but also by nearly any private sector business.
Second, for potentially displaced state store employees preferring to remain in the public sector, generous provisions will be in place. These state workers will be given boosts and priority opportunities to secure another position within state government. Either way, to support this transition, employees will be eligible for special grants to help further their education and/or receive specialized jobs training.
Finally, protestations that the state will lose a revenue stream are unfounded. Interestingly, some 80 percent of revenue generated by the state store system derives from state taxes. This revenue will remain at least the same, if not actually rise because of increased sales under more favorable conditions. The remaining 20 percent will be more than made up as the state gains from sales of the newly-created licenses and sheds the enormous costs connected with running the state store system.
I urge citizens of the Commonwealth to contact their senators to join in this cause.
Read more: http://www.phoenixvillenews.com/article/20130404/OPINION03/130409973/privatization-of-the-state-stores-it-s-now-or-never
News, State House News | [
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Back to Our Press
A Spirit house Thailand what is?
November 10, 2022 / by KITTITHAT
A San phra phum or Spirit house is a remnant of animism that helps keep spirits happy. It is found in countries that practice Buddhism. If you ignore the daily offering, you might find yourself in some difficulty.
Even though Buddhism is practiced by the great majority of Thais, almost all of them think that the spiritual realm and the physical world are not mutually exclusive. The most ancient animist roots of the nation extend back before the development of Theravada Buddhism. The existence of supernatural powers is not limited to the world of myth or folklore; rather, they play a vital part in everyday life. These unseen entities, which are known collectively as phi, can be found wherever and everywhere, occupying both live beings and inanimate objects.
When a new structure is created, whether it be a typical village house or a multi-story office complex, the owners will also construct a home for the spirits who also occupy that property. This may be done with any type of construction.
Thai spirit houses “The more respect you show for a spirit, the more favorable outcomes you will experience. Phi is also capable of causing problems if it is not provided with enough care, and it may wreak havoc if it is abandoned.”
There are an infinite number of different types of phis, many of which can influence human life. Some examples of these types of phis include the ghosts of people who were killed by animals, women who passed away during childbirth, and people who died but were not given a proper burial.
Spirit house Spiritual beings that dwell in the material world.
Miniature homes that are placed on chest-high pedestals are known as “spirit houses,” and they may be found near residences, hotels, and other commercial establishments all around Thailand. Some of these constructions, which are known as san phra phum in Thai, are straightforward residences made of aged teak wood that are reminiscent of traditional Thai homes. Other examples are elaborate, colorful, and spire-topped cast concrete affairs that appear more like small temples.
These dwellings provide a place for displaced phi to call home. Phi may frequently be found roosting in the branches of several tree species. Infused with spiritual qualities are natural features such as rocks, river bends, springs, and caves. On the path that leads to Mae Ya Waterfall, which is located within Doi Inthanon National Park, Wally and I came upon a shrine dedicated to Mae Nak, one of the most well-known ghosts in Thailand.
Appeasing the spiritual participants
On the site, the spirit houses in Thailand need to be placed in the appropriate location. Even if the present human landlords did not know the former ethereal owners when they were alive, they respect their right to remain in the property and do not interfere with it in any way.
Thailand spirit houses is recommended that either a Brahmin priest or an astrologer be engaged to ensure that this endeavor be carried out at the most advantageous time and location. It is recommended that spirit homes be positioned in front of trees rather than on the left side of a door, in front of a toilet, or facing a road.
KITTITHAT
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The Grand Palace Bangkok | [
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Movie Review: The Kid Who Would Be King
By Kevin Hoskinson By now, we are all familiar with the legend of King Arthur. The story of King Arthur, Excalibur and the Knights of the Round Table has been retold time and time again on the big screen. The most recent retelling of the story, 20th Century Fox’s “The Kid Who Would Be King,” is a modern take on […] | [
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Archive for Tartus
Today in Prophecy: Russia in the Med by Air and Sea, Ukraine Cyber Attack, Duma Votes, Israel Quake
Posted in #PaulthePoke, Ezekiel 38-39, Prophecy, Trend Update with tags Assad, cyber attack, Donetsk, Duma, earthquake, Israel, Latakia, Luhansk, Russia, Sergey Shoigu, Syria, Tartus, Ukraine on February 15, 2022 by paulthepoke
Check out the latest daily news from the Russia/Ukraine situation…
Russian Defense Minister Shoigu arrived in Syria and met with President Assad.
Ukraine suffered a massive cyber attack today that affected the financial, military and government.
Russian Duma recognizes Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics in Ukraine as independent nations.
Mild earthquake reported today in northern Israel and Jordan.
Check out the analysis and commentary from today’s news below.
https://valortube.com/profile/czekmate/
https://www.timesofisrael.com/minor-earthquake-jars-northern-israel-jordan/
https://www.dw.com/en/russian-duma-asks-putin-to-recognize-ukrainian-regions-as-independent/a-60783596
⚠️ Confirmed: Real-time network data show a loss of connectivity to #Ukraine's State Savings Bank, impacting ATM and banking services; disruptions also reported on Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces networks; incident comes amid heightened tensions with Russia 📉 pic.twitter.com/QMbPPpCzaV
— NetBlocks (@netblocks) February 15, 2022
Shoigu also met with Assad. 6/https://t.co/qSeLZIAJpX pic.twitter.com/ato2BOp8sk
— Rob Lee (@RALee85) February 16, 2022
Hook in Jaw… Russia Moves Naval and Air Resources to Syria for Drills… Czekmate
Posted in #PaulthePoke, Czekmate, Ezekiel 38-39, Prophecy, Trend Update with tags hypersonic missiles, Khmeimim Air Base, Kinzhal Missile, Latakia, Mediterranean Sea, MiG-31, Russian Defense Minister, Russian Navy, Syria, Tartus on February 15, 2022 by paulthepoke
MiG-31K and Il-38 aircraft arrived at the Khmeimim airbase as part of the exercise
Anna Berestova
Click on the link below for Czekmate Analysis and Commentary
Several Russian military aircraft arrived at the Khmeimim airbase in Syria as part of an exercise. More than 15 warships and over 30 aircraft are taking part in the exercises of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea.
On Friday, in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, joint exercises of the forces of the permanent task force of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea and aviation of the Russian Aerospace Forces began. As part of the event, a pair of MiG-31K aircraft, which have the ability to use the latest hypersonic missiles from the Kinzhal complex, and an Il-38 anti-submarine aircraft, flew from Russian airfields to the Russian Khmeimim airbase in the Syrian Arab Republic.
According to the plan of the exercises, five ships of the Russian Navy, in particular the missile cruiser Moskva, the frigates Admiral Essen and Admiral Makarov, as well as two submarines Stary Oskol and Rostov-on-Don, together with anti-submarine aircraft Tu- 142MK, Il-38, Tu-22M3 long-range bombers and MiG-31K aircraft will perform combat training tasks to ensure the security of the Khmeimim airbase and the Russian Navy’s logistics center Tartus.
Also, during training flights, aviation technology and equipment will be tested in difficult climatic conditions, including those caused by high temperatures and the possibility of long-term flights over the water surface. Aircraft crews will acquire practical skills for working out training tasks in new geographical areas.
At the moment, an air strike group led by the aircraft carrier Queen Elizabeth is in the Mediterranean Sea. In this regard, one of the goals of the exercises will be to monitor the actions of an aircraft carrier group.
In May this past year, the reconstruction of the second runway at the Khmeimim air base was completed with a complete replacement of the coating and the installation of new lighting and radio equipment. Thanks to the increase in the length of the runway at the Khmeimim airfield, the crews of Russian long-range aviation and the latest missile carriers have been able to practice practical skills in performing tasks in the airspace over the Mediterranean Sea.
This Week in Prophecy: Russia Displeased With Israeli Intervention in Syria, Commodity Inflation
Posted in #PaulthePoke, Ezekiel 38-39, Prophecy, Trend Update with tags Alexander Efimov, Belarus, Czekmate, energy, field hospitals, Hezbollah, humanitarian assistance, Latakia, Lebanon, Lt. Gen. Michael E. Kurilla, Maria Zakharova, natural gas, oil, Russia, Sergey Lavrov, Syria, Tartus, Ukraine on February 11, 2022 by paulthepoke
Russia is increasing its efforts to communicate their disapproval of recent Israeli activity in Syria. Coordinated communications are emerging. Russia is pursuing “humanitarian assistance” in Syria.
US military brass has expressed concerns of Russian military activity spilling into the Middle East from Ukraine.
Satellite images show Russian building possible military hospitals in preparation for a possible invasion.
Shortages of commodities are emerging around the world. Energy prices continue to spike higher.
All of this and more on the This Week in Prophecy. Click on the link below for news, information, and analysis.
https://apnews.com/article/europe-middle-east-russia-syria-moscow-1bdb3da02b30ddd6651d8c3b01a3757b
https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/russia-decries-israel-s-crude-violations-of-syria-s-sovreignty-after-airstrikes-1.10605745
https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/272280513/russia-strongly-condemns-israeli-aggression-on-damascus-vicinity
https://www.axios.com/satellite-images-russia-military-buildup-ukraine-17bca261-c500-4632-affa-8d7afd30bd0a.html
crude inventories lowest since Oct 2018.
“This is a molecule crisis. We’re out of everything, I don’t care if it’s oil, gas, coal, copper, aluminum, you name it we’re out of it.” – Goldman pic.twitter.com/80hIQ6H3ii
— zerohedge (@zerohedge) February 9, 2022
Trend Update: Russia Shipping Military Hardware to Syria, January 2018
Posted in Ezekiel 38-39, Prophecy, Trend Update with tags Bosphorus Straits, Gog, Latakia, Magog, naval bases, Russia, S400 Missile System, Syria, Tartus on January 23, 2018 by paulthepoke
Ezekiel 38:4 And I will turn you about and put hooks into your jaws, and I will bring you out, and all your army, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed in full armor, a great host, all of them with buckler and shield, wielding swords.
The context of the verse God is talking to Gog of Magog. Gog is the leader of what many scholars and historians believe to be modern day Russia. See the link below for detailed analysis.
https://paulthepoke.com/2015/01/07/trend-update-russia-magogisrael-ezekiel-38-39-january-2015/
The focus of the verse is the size of the army arrayed by Gog.
…and all your army…The Hebrew word for “all” is kol. Simply put, it means the whole or all of the army.
It is stated a second time, all of them clothed in full armor…Again it is the term kol in the Hebrew. This group is well dressed and has provision to fight. Their gear is “splendid” or miklol. This word could be translated as perfection or gorgeous. The army looks impressive.
A third time, the army is described as a great host. They are rab in the Hebrew which can be stated as much, many, or great.
And finally a fourth time, all of them. Yes, it is the word kol. This is emphasized four times. This is a massive army that is well armed and prepared to attack and defend. Definitions provided by Strong’s Concordance.
Russia has been building military might into Syria since late 2015. Russia has hardware all over Syria including the border of Israel in the Golan Heights.
January 2018: According to Al Masdar News, Russia continues to pour equipment into Syria. Russia has placed S400 Missile Defense Systems into naval bases in Latakia and Tartus. The Russians have stated these two bases will become permanent installations. Rumors indicate a missile system may be placed at a mystery location somewhere else in Syria.
https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-russian-s-400-strategic-air-defense-systems-arrive-syria-ahead-expected-expansion-bases/
Photo: Andrew Illingworth, Al Masdar News
Bosphorus Strait in Turkey: Two Russian ships were noted to be loaded with military equipment. The ships were reported to be in route to Tartus, Syria.
One ship had its cargo in the hull and was unable to be assessed.
The second was noted with 133 transport trucks on the deck of the ship. It was unknown what was being carried below the deck.
Click on the link below for photos of the loaded ships.
https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-massive-russian-arms-delivery-syria-approaches-via-turkey/
Trend Update: Russia Expands Naval Base in Tartus, Syria, December 2017
Posted in Ezekiel 38-39, Prophecy, Trend Update with tags Magog, naval base, Russia, Syria, Tartus on December 13, 2017 by paulthepoke
Ezekiel 38:2 Son of man, set your face toward Gog, of the land of Magog…
For specific details linking Magog to modern day Russia, click the link below.
https://godinanutshell.com/2017/08/04/ezekiel-38-who-is-magog/
December 13, 2017: Russian President Vladimir Putin has sent a bill to the Duma. This is the lower house of the Russian Parliament. Putin has reached an agreement with Syria on the Naval Base in Tartus.
Click on video link below for additional analysis and geography.
Below are excerpts from Putin’s document.
“The duration of the agreement is 49 years, it can be automatically prolonged for a period of 25 years in case none of the parties send a written notification to the other at least one year before a period expires concerning its intention to terminate the agreement…”
“The naval base has full immunity from Syria’s civil and administrative jurisdiction. Its movable and immovable property is immune from search, seizure and other proceedings…”
“Russia has the right to send the necessary number of troops to maintain the naval facility…”
Russia will not be charged rent for the naval base. Reports indicate the base could house 11 ships and nuclear vessels. Residential and office buildings will be part of the development.
The base is for defensive purposes only as indicated in a joint statement by Russia and Syria. Specific nations are not being targeted.
Prior to this bill, President Putin ordered the withdrawal of “significant” Russian troops from Syria. He proclaimed victory over “the most battle-hardened grouping of international terrorists”.
https://www.rt.com/politics/412950-putin-drafts-bill-seeking-expansion/
https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/putin-drafts-bill-expanding-russian-tartus-navy-base-syria/
If history is any indicator, Russia withdraws only to come back again in greater number. The prophet Ezekiel tells us how this ends. Russia will come in tremendous numbers with other countries. It will look overwhelming for the nation Israel. And then God decides to flex His muscle. The Lord will protect His chosen people.
https://paulthepoke.com/category/ezekiel-38-39/
Buy at Amazon.com in paperback or Kindle below. Click on “Preview” for a free sample of the book.
https://read.amazon.com/kp/card?preview=inline&linkCode=kpd&ref_=k4w_oembed_FmM4wLEjlKgkoP&asin=B073Q4Z1RL&tag=kpembed-20
Also available online at Barnes & Noble, iBooks, Kobo, and Inktera
Trend Update: Iranian Activity Near the Golan Heights, September 2017
Posted in Ezekiel 38-39, Persia/Elam/Iran, Prophecy, Trend Update with tags golan heights, Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah, ISIS, Israel, Lebanon, Mount Dov, President Assad, S400 Missile System, Shia, Syria, Tartus on September 1, 2017 by paulthepoke
Ezekiel 39:2 And I will turn you about and drive you forward, and bring you up from the uttermost parts of the north, and lead you against the mountains of Israel.
Ezekiel 38:5 Persia, Ethiopia and Put with them, all of them with shield and helmet…
August 31, 2017: The United States is allowing Iranian supported militia less than ten kilometers from the Israeli Golan Heights in Syria. Israel obviously does not support the move. Syria is supported by Iran and Hezbollah out of Lebanon. All of these groups are Shia Muslims and they support Syria’s President Assad.
The support behind all of the Shia activity in Syria is Russia. These comments are quoted per Pravda out of Russia. These were the observations of the Russians regarding Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in his meeting with Vladimir Putin in Sochi, Russia last week.
Netanyahu was observed to be “too emotional and at times even close to panic”. Israeli officials denied the observations.
https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-to-let-iranian-backed-militias-within-10-km-of-golan-heights-report/
The Head of Hezbollah Hassan Nasrallah has surfaced, literally. Nasrallah made the road trip from his bunker to Damascus to see President Assad of Syria. The leader of Hezbollah has been living in a hole since 2006 and the war against Israel. Nasrallah is on Israel’s most wanted list.
“We call on the state to devise a plan and take a sovereign decision to liberate the Shebaa Farms and the Kfarshouba Hills,” Hassan Nasrallah, Leader of Hezbollah.
Shebaa Farms is also known as Mount Dov in Hebrew. Nasrallah apparently wants to go another round with Israel.
August 28, 2017: ISIS and Hezbollah agreed to a truce. Hundreds of ISIS fighters and pro ISIS civilians were sent packing in a bus from the Lebanon and Syria border. It is believed pro ISIS people were sent to eastern Syria near Iraq. With this deal, ISIS is done in Lebanon. (As an aside, ISIS has been defeated west of Mosul in Tal Afar, Iraq. ISIS is essentially done in Iraq. And ISIS is on the ropes in Raqqah, Syria.)
Nasrallah was in support of the deal and told Assad the following.
“We have a humanitarian cause. We wish you to help us. We can only know what happened to the soldiers through this compromise.”
Assad told Nasrallah, “This will make things difficult for me.”
https://www.timesofisrael.com/hezbollah-chief-urges-recapture-of-mt-dov-from-israel
August 31, 2017: Behold Israel is reporting Russia has stationed the S-400 missile system near Tartus. This is the factory that manufactures long-range missiles for Hezbollah. The factory is supported and paid for by Iran.
http://beholdisrael.org/news-israel/news/russia-reportedly-deploys-s-400-missile-system-iranian-arms-factory-syria
We know one thing for sure. Iran, Assad (Syria), and Nasrallah (Hezbollah in Lebanon) are united against Israel.
Available in ebook and paperback at Amazon.com
https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=Rapture+Bride+Redeemed | [
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] |
Does LSU have tuition reciprocity with Texas?
Each region of the United States has its own tuition exchange programs. Unfortunately, Texas does not participate in any of these exchanges. See the links below: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.
Which states have tuition reciprocity with Texas?
Students from Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas who achieve at least a 3.2 GPA in high school can receive 70% to 90% off nonresident tuition.
Do Texas residents go to college for free?
In Texas, many four-year colleges offer free tuition programs for students from low-income and middle-income families. Additionally, several two-year college districts have launched “Last-Dollar” scholarships which cover the tuition cost not covered by federal, state and institutional grants.
Does LSU ever waive out of state tuition?
ACM enrollment waives your out-of-state tuition costs and grants you the Louisiana resident tuition rate. Because you are exempt from the non-resident tuition rate, your nonresident scholarship awards will be updated to reflect the in-state award amount.
Do Texas residents get in state tuition at Arkansas?
In accordance with the reciprocity agreement described in H.C.R. 32, signed by the Governor of Arkansas on February 12, 1965, Board Policy 520.10 states, “Residents of Texarkana, Texas and Bowie County, Texas, will be classified as in-state students for University fee purposes at the University of Arkansas.”
Do Texas residents get in-state tuition at Arkansas?
Does University of Texas waive out-of-state tuition?
Questions? Contact [email protected] Out-of-State Tuition Waivers allow non-resident students to pay tuition at in-state rates. In order to be eligible for a waiver through CNS, students must be a recipient of a scholarship worth at least $1000 that has been administered and awarded by the University.
Is public school free in Texas?
Every child in Texas has the right to a free public education. A child may attend school in the school district in which he lives or enroll in other options, such as charter schools.
How do you get in-state tuition in Texas?
Residency for admission and tuition purposes at a public college or university in Texas is different from residency for voting or taxing purposes. To qualify as a Texas resident, an individual must 1) reside in Texas for one year prior to enrollment and 2) establish a domicile in Texas prior to enrollment.
How much does Louisiana State University cost?
Costs and Tuition for Louisiana State University Estimated Budgets Louisiana Resident Total Budget $32,962 In-State Tuition $8,038 Other Fees $3,924 Room and Board $12,276
Is Louisiana State University a public or private school?
Louisiana State University is a four year public college located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Full time enrollment is 26,862 and part time is 4,121. Learn more about getting accepted at Louisiana State University at CollegeSimply. Students attending this school may pursue both undergraduate and graduate degrees.
How much is room and board at Loyola College?
The tuition charge is $8,038 while room and board is $12,276, books and supplies are $1,038 and other fees come in at $3,924. All price data is sourced from the 2019/2020 U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics survey.
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A pet shop, which shared premises with a baby gift store, in Yarm, North Yorkshire, has shut up shop.
A note in the window from the owners states the decision to close was "extremely difficult" but one they had to make due to difficult trading conditions.
The business called Zibizi opened in 2016 and offered a range of products, with a quirky twist - a personalisation service.
The baby boutique on the ground floor sold items such as toys, clothing, nappy bags, playmats, and gifts. Meanwhile, the pet store on the first floor sold treats, beds, clothing, leads, and blankets. It also housed The Paw Room - a dog spa, which featured a jacuzzi bath for canine companions.
To read the full story click here | [
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LAMORENA, JOY GILBERT (NPC)
NATIONALIST PEOPLE'S COALITION
RUNNING FOR Member, Sangguniang Panlalawigan, FIRST PROVDIST, Tarlac
Tarlac
FIRST PROVDIST
JOY GILBERT LAMORENA
Lamorena, Joy Gilbert Robles is a candidate running in the 2022 Philippine elections. He is campaigning under the Nationalist People's Coalition banner. Lamorena is running for the position of member of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in the First District of Tarlac. Lamorena will be on the ballot as "4 LAMORENA, JOY GILBERT (NPC)".
This candidate is running for the position of Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Board) Member. A provincial board member is responsible for enacting ordinances and resolutions to appropriate funds for the programs and projects of the province, enacting annual and supplemental appropriations of the provincial government, approving and passing ordinances and resolutions necessary for the function of the provincial government, granting franchises, and approving permits and licenses.
MEMBER, SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN TARLAC - FIRST PROVDIST
AQUINO, JESSIE (NPC)
CONCEPCION, ENZO (KBL)
SAPLACO, TONY (KBL)
EVANGELISTA, ATTY. ROMEO (NPC) | [
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Wild Turkey Friendsgiving
The holiday season is upon us, and it’s the perfect time to be grateful and show thanks. This exclusive Friendsgiving event, courtesy of Wild Turkey, is by invitation only. It’s our way of showing appreciation to those who work so hard in the business that demands so much. | [
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CANCELLED: Study Group on Advanced Topics in Prediction and Forecasting (2014)
Description: Time-series forecasting is crucial for decision making processes in regard to behavioral dynamics in many domains. For example, balancing the supply and demand of limited resources requires accurate and timely estimates of future consumption and production, and may further include information about the forecasting uncertainty and flexibility.
In this study group, the students will become acquainted with both fundamental theories and concepts of statistical time-series analysis as well as advanced topics in this area of research. Modeling of both univariate and multivariate time series will be discussed. Topics can include standard regression and exponential smoothing techniques, spectral methods and filtering, switching models, time-series clustering, and real-time analysis for fast streaming data. Advanced methods for discovering structural breaks, abnormalities, and impact of planned events may also be considered.
Student presentations, discussions, and overview lectures.
Some computational and mathematical maturity is expected. The students attending this study group are, in particular, expected to have basic working knowledge of statistics and probability theory.
Heavy emphasis will be given to fundamental concepts, with the goal to provide starting points for students that wish to include more in-depth time-series analysis in their further work.
Organizer: Bo Thiesson, Associate Professor, [email protected]
Lecturers: Thomas Dyhre Nielsen, Associate Professor, [email protected] and Bo Thiesson, Associate Professor, [email protected]
Time: 31 March, 19+28 April and 12+26 May, 2014
Place: Aalborg University, Department of Computer Science, Selma Lagerlöfs Vej 300
Deadline: 10 March, 2014
Teacher: Bo Thiesson
S2.2.(2014) | [
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RTR3RKVW
A vehicle is seen parked outside a home in London, Ontario May 30, 2014. According to local media, a...
London, Canada
Vehicle is seen parked outside a home in London
A vehicle is seen parked outside a home in London, Ontario May 30, 2014. According to local media, a 10-year-old boy was found by police and Children's Aid workers in the home, where the boy was alleged to have been confined in a room for nearly two years by his aunt and uncle. The couple is facing charges of forcible confinement and failing to provide the necessaries of life. The boy was taken to the hospital, and was found to be underweight and malnourished. REUTERS/Geoff Robins (CANADA - Tags: CRIME LAW)
GM1EA5V0GIK01
Geoff Robins
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Q6 Steam Locomotives at Billingham Station
Posted on December 14, 2015 by Picture Stockton Team
The location of both of them is just to the west of the road bridge.
By Billingham Beck Valley – The first photograph (with the long line of trucks) was taken in 1964. The loco is 63347 and it is pulling the daily Coxhoe to Steetley Magnesite train. This train ran every day except Christmas day. Nice views of Billingham Beck Valley on either side of the railway tracks.
Under Billingham Bridge – In the second photograph, Q6 63437 has just passed under the road bridge with a run rounder. This can be dated precisely to 14th June 1966. Despite the fact that steam locos were on their last legs by then there is still a lonely train spotter sat next to the bridge.
Photographs courtesy of John Hardy, details courtesy of Martin Birtle.
This entry was posted in Railways and Transport by Picture Stockton Team. Bookmark the permalink.
4 thoughts on “Q6 Steam Locomotives at Billingham Station”
babe on March 4, 2017 at 9:08 pm said:
Hi this may sound mad but my 4 year old son panics when going over this bridge, he shouts repeatedly while over it on the bus on in the car. I took him for a walk down where it is all over grown grass and mud which leads to a river under the bridge, where the train line used to be and he got really upset and almost broke down… I struggles to get him away from there as he was screaming about having to wake up the train… he was also crying and saying that there were dead people… Can anyone share some light on this? I’ve tried researching it and can’t find anything.
Pete Trundell on December 16, 2015 at 11:43 pm said:
Can anyone refresh my memory? Was there a tunnel under the line a few yards from here towards Norton?
mark heslop on January 7, 2016 at 4:05 pm said:
Yes there was, now bricked up.
Graeme Cook on December 15, 2015 at 2:35 am said:
Great pictures John/Martin.That lone train spotter could easily be me, as I was a regular at that spot in the sixties. | [
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There are a few significant advantages of tile roofing: tile roofing is super durable, is energy-saving, and will last you a long time. As a result, tile roofs are a dependable choice for homeowners. Tile roofing is also fire-retardant and will not strike fire if struck by lightning. The strength of this tile makes it one of the most reliable and best roofing solutions for our hot climate and gives homeowners extra confidence and peace of mind. But at the end of the day, in a hot environment, tile roofs will keep you cool!
Why Consider Tile?
Tile roofing is more long-lasting than other roofing materials. However, there are still some fundamental things to keep in mind about the integrity and longevity of the material. Although the materials are generally dependable and durable, the quality differs from manufacturer to manufacturer. This is why it is crucial to choose the right roofing contractor to get the job done, as they will order and gather you the best roof tiles out there.
This is why it is so important to choose a qualified contractor with excellent reference materials. In addition, you should choose a roofing company with the correct license and proper credentials. Also, keep in mind a good service record so you can ensure that your roof is maintained correctly in the coming years.
But the most important thing is that you want to find a company you can cooperate with and trust to get the job done right. Therefore, we are certain that we will provide you with the reliable roof that your house deserves. Luckily, if you live in Phoenix or any surrounding areas, Pinnacle Roofing can do all of that for you!
Call Today For A Free Quote!
Are you looking for a team of roofing experts you can trust for your next tile roofing project? Then, hire an expert company like us! We are a local Phoenix business, and we will deliver to you the quality service your roof needs. In addition, we will work with you and your budget to install and maintain the best tile roof in Arizona!
Call (623)-792-5497 today for a free quote! | [
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Home » Be Careful With My Heart January 30, 2023
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If you enjoyed watching Be Careful With My Heart January 30, 2023. | [
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Posted on July 31 by Bob Kraft
I’ve done a lot of bicycle riding, both as a kid and as an adult. But I don’t think I could do one single thing that’s shown on this video of road bike skills. | [
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Daniel Joseph Berrigan, S.J. (May 9, 1921 – April 30, 2016), was an American Jesuit priest, anti-war activist, and poet.
Like many others during the 1960s, Berrigan’s active protest against the Vietnam War earned him both scorn and admiration, but it was his participation in the Catonsville Nine that made him famous. It also landed him on the FBI’s “most Wanted list” (the first-ever priest on the list), on the cover of TIME magazine, and in prison. His own particular form of militancy and radical spirituality in the service of social and political justice was significant enough, at that time, to “shape the tactics of resistance to the Vietnam War” in the United States.
For the rest of his life, Berrigan remained one of the US’s leading anti-war activists. In 1980, he founded the Plowshares Movement, an anti-nuclear protest group that put him back into the national spotlight. He was also an award-winning and prolific author of some 50 books, a teacher, and a university educator.
Berrigan was devoted to the Catholic Church throughout his youth. He joined the Jesuits directly out of high school in 1939 and was ordained to the priesthood in 1952.
Berrigan, his brother and Josephite priest Philip Berrigan, and Trappist monk Thomas Merton founded an interfaith coalition against the Vietnam War, and wrote letters to maj or newspapers arguing for an end to the war. In 1967, Berrigan witnessed the public outcry that followed from the arrest of his brother Philip, for pouring blood on draft records as part of the Baltimore Four. Phillip was sentenced to six years in prison for defacing government property. The fallout he had to endure from these many interventions, including his support for prisoners of war and, in 1968, seeing firsthand the conditions on the ground in Vietnam, further radicalized Berrigan, or at least strengthened his determination to resist American military imperialism. Berrigan traveled to Hanoi with Howard Zinn during the Tet Offensive in January 1968 to receive three American airmen, the first American POWs released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun.
In 1968, he signed the Writers and Editors War Tax Protest pledge, vowing to refuse to make tax payments in protest of the Vietnam War. In the same year, he was interviewed in the anti- Vietnam War documentary film In the Year of the Pig, and later that year became involved in radical non-violent protest.
“The short fuse of the American left is typical of the highs and lows of American emotional life. It is very rare to sustain a movement in recognizable form without a spiritual base.”
Daniel Berrigan and his brother Philip, along with seven other Catholic protesters, used homemade napalm to destroy 378 draft files in the parking lot of the Catonsville, Maryland, draft board on May 17, 1968. This group, which came to be known as the Catonsville Nine, issued a statement after the incident: “We confront the Roman Catholic Church, other Christian bodies, and the synagogues of America with their silence and cowardice in the face of our country’s crimes. We are convinced that the religious bureaucracy in this country is racist, is an accomplice in this war, and is hostile to the poor.”
Berrigan was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison, but went into hiding with the help of fellow radicals prior to imprisonment. While on the run, Berrigan was interviewed for Lee Lockwood’s documentary The Holy Outlaw. The FBI apprehended him at the home of William Stringfellow and sent him to prison. He was released in 1972.
In retrospect, the trial of the Catonsville Nine was significant because it “altered resistance to the Vietnam War, moving activists from street protests to repeated acts of civil disobedience, including the burning of draft cards.” As The New York Times noted in its obituary: Berrigan’s actions helped “shape the tactics of opposition to the Vietnam War.”
On September 9, 1980, Berrigan, his brother Philip, and six others (the “Plowshares Eight”) began the Plowshares Movement. They trespassed onto the General Electric nuclear missile facility in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, where they damaged nuclear warhead nose cones and poured blood onto documents and files. They were arrested and charged with over ten different felony and misdemeanor counts. ()n April 10, 1990, after ten years of appeals, Berrigan’s group was re-sentenced and paroled for up to 23 and 1/2 months in consideration of time already served in prison. Their legal battle was re-created in Emile de Antonio’s 1982 film In the King of Prussia, which starred Martin Sheen and featured appearances by the Plowshares Eight as themselves.
Although much of his later work was devoted to assisting AIDS patients in New York City, Berrigan still held to his activist roots throughout his life. He maintained his opposition to
American interventions abroad, from Central America in the 1980s, through the Gulf War in 1991, the Kosovo War, the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He was also an anti-abortion activist and opponent of capital punishment, a contributing editor of Sojourners, and a supporter of the Occupy movement.
From Wikipedia | [
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13,
3400,
21740
] |
Fair Finance Guide International
Opening the Vaults: The use of tax havens by Europe’s biggest banks
8 documents
Languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish
Tax havens
The world of tax havens is a murky place. In Europe, only one sector is required to publicly report its profits and tax on a country-by-country basis – the banking sector, as a result of regulation following the financial crisis. Since 2015 all banks based in the European Union have been obliged to report on […] | [
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297,
272,
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506,
750,
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286,
298,
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356,
22819
] | [
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The 1st April 2022, Barga News featured an article about the Portrait Painting Gallery in Barga. Lots of great pictures! Continue reading... | [
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OPEN TRIALS
PRC Staff
Home > Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of ongoing joint inflammation (chronic inflammatory arthritis) that primarily affects the spine. This condition is characterized by back pain and stiffness that typically appear in adolescence or early adulthood. Over time, back movement gradually becomes limited as the bones of the spine (vertebrae) fuse together. This progressive bony fusion is called ankylosis.
The earliest symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis result from inflammation of the joints between the pelvic bones (the ilia) and the base of the spine (the sacrum). These joints are called sacroiliac joints, and inflammation of these joints is known as sacroiliitis. The inflammation gradually spreads to the joints between the vertebrae, causing a condition called spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis can involve other joints as well, including the shoulders, hips, and, less often, the knees. As the disease progresses, it can affect the joints between the spine and ribs, restricting movement of the chest and making it difficult to breathe deeply. People with advanced disease are also more prone to fractures of the vertebrae.
Ankylosing spondylitis affects the eyes in up to 40 percent of cases, leading to episodes of eye inflammation called acute iritis. Acute iritis causes eye pain and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). Rarely, ankylosing spondylitis can also cause serious complications involving the heart, lungs, and nervous system.
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Copyright © 2023 Physician Research Collaboration. All rights reserved. | [
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172 Central Park Avenue Suite 104, Virginia Beach, VA 23462 Directions
Sunday: 1:00PM to 5:00PM
Copyright © 2023 Premier. All Rights Reserved. | [
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Iraq And UAE Spearhead Downstream Expansion
Despite the unstable macro environment…
Tom Murphy
Tom is an associate professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. This post originally appeared on Tom's blog Do the Math.
How to Slash Domestic Gas Consumption by a Factor of Five
By Tom Murphy - Mar 15, 2012, 6:10 PM CDT
If you are on-board with the sentiment that we should strive to reduce the amount of energy we consume as a means to relieve pressure on a world suffering impending energy scarcity, then you probably want to know how one might proceed. In this post, I will describe the single-biggest energy-saving strategy I have employed in my home in the past five years, which slashed my natural gas consumption by almost a factor of five.
Last week, I described how to read gas meters, in the process discovering how onerous pilots lights can be. As a result of initial exploration of my energy footprint in the spring of 2007, I shut off the furnace pilot light for the summer, which I figured accounted for two-thirds of my warm-season natural gas use. When winter came, my wife and I challenged ourselves to hold off on re-igniting the pilot light until it got too cold for us to bear. That day never came. The result was a dramatic reduction in natural gas use.
In this post, I will talk about some of the ups and downs of adjusting to a colder house in the winter. Granted, we live in moderate San Diego, and could not get away with the same tactic in many locales. Even so, I will quantify the gains one might expect elsewhere for similar living conditions.
My Natural Gas History
Below is a plot of natural gas usage for me and my wife since early 2006. It was at this time that we sold our home and moved into a large, 1960′s condominium that used natural gas only for heating and hot water. The data are straight from our utility bill, with a point plotted for each month (months shown as alternating gray/white stripes).
The first month can be disregarded, since we were not occupying the space yet and have no idea why the gas use was so high in March. Also shown (in blue) is the typical San Diego gas usage for a similar vintage/size dwelling that houses one or two people—as provided in the form of an online comparison tool by my utility (SDG&E).
In the year spanning April 2006 through March 2007, we used 307 Therms of gas. To put this into familiar metric units for the plot, I have multiplied by 29.3 kWh/Therm and presented the result as daily energy use—taking into account the variable number of days in each billing cycle’s “month.” In total, we used about 9000 kWh of thermal energy from natural gas over the course of the year. If comparing this to electricity usage, keep in mind that most electricity is generated from a heat engine getting approximately 33% efficiency at converting thermal energy into electricity. So the equivalent amount of delivered electricity requiring a comparable fossil fuel outlay at the power plant is about 3000 kWh. But if this electricity is used for actual heat, we would still require 9000 kWh consumption in the house no matter what the form.
What we see from the plot is that our annual usage was pretty consistent with that of the typical San Diegan in the first year: SDG&E claims 300 Therms is typical for condos and 383 Therms is typical of detached houses of comparable vintage/size/occupancy.
But then something dramatic happened. I looked at my gas meter, and took stock of our monthly history. At first, I tried to reconcile the summertime use of 15 Therms each month, or 0.5 Therms/day—equating to about 15 kWh/day. As explained in the pilot light post, an average of one shower a day plus other uses led to an estimated 60 ? of hot water use per day, heated 20°C over (summer) ambient temperature, requiring only 1.4 kWh of thermal energy. How can I be a factor of ten off? So looking at utility bills with just a bit of physics is enough to expose problems—in this case the pilot lights.
Notice what happened after the dawning of my energy awareness. In the last twelve months, we used 66 Therms, compared to over 300 in the year before becoming energy-aware. Admittedly, April and May of 2011 were lower than normal because of a sabbatical quarter spent in Seattle, leaving the house unoccupied (but the hot water pilot left on). We more than made up for this anomaly, however, by an experiment I ran in December with an eye toward this post. More on that later.
Also worth noting is that we moved from the condo to a detached house in late 2009, but the gas use stayed low. Moreover, we see a dramatic change when a house-sitter stayed in our place in the fall of 2010. I don’t think the house-sitter used gas heat, but in any case used far more gas than we normally would in the house (hot water, presumably). We also turned up the thermostat for a visitor who stayed with us for a week in the condo in early 2009.
The lessons we derive from this are that:
• Gas consumption changed dramatically following paying attention to how much we were using and where/how.
• Gas use follows people, not houses. We moved: no big change. Different people in the same place: significant change.
How Cold are We Talking?
Okay, clever trick. Turn off the heat. Brilliant. But then it gets cold, genius.
I won’t deny that an unheated house is colder than a heated house. But before I get into specifics, let me remind everyone that humans are evolved animals who coped with seasons long before HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) came along. Are we really such colossal wimps now that we can’t tolerate living very far away from “room temperature?” We actually have ways to adapt to cold and heat—within limits.
We found that our house (and condo) tended to get down to about 12°C (54°F) on the coldest nights with no heat. Neither place is super-well insulated, but I would not call them dreadfully drafty either.
Below is a plot of temperature within our house over the course of 8 days in late December, 2011. Except for the “experiment” on Christmas (day 359–360), the house went along its usual, passive undulation. The average inside (blue) temperature—ignoring the heating period—was 16°C (61°F), reaching a low of 12°C (54°F).
Meanwhile, the outside temperature averaged about 11°C, making for a 5°C (9°F) average difference. Why would the average internal temperature of the house be warmer than the average outdoor temperature? It’s not because of the appliances within, although this contributes some small amount. Mainly, it’s solar heating through windows and rooftop. Our house is not designed to be a passive solar collector, but stick a house in the sun and some of that heat is bound to end up inside.
The Christmas Heating Experiment
On the morning of December 25, I turned the thermostat in our house up to a toasty 20°C (68°F). Room temperature! I monitored gas consumption needed both to charge up the house to this temperature, as well as to maintain it for the next 24 hours. The indoor temperature sensor, near the ceiling in the hall, displays spikes when the heat is on and blowing hot air into the house. This appears as “hair” on the blue curve in the plot above. Below is a close-up.
Tracking the gas expenditure, it took 1.3 hcf (hundred cubic feet; 1.33 Therms; 38.9 kWh) over the course of two hours to get the house up to the set-point. Most informative is the following overnight period, when the house was fully stabilized at the set-point. The overnight period required an additional 3.4 hcf (3.5 Therm; 102 kWh). If we kept this up for a month of similar weather, we should expect to expend something like 100 Therms of gas energy in a month, compared to our average of 5. Thus our winter-month gas expenditure would be 20 times larger than our realized average rate! Instead of paying $7 per month for gas, we would get hit with $120 charges!
Overall, the one-day experiment used about 5 Therms of energy, commensurate with our usual monthly expenditure: thus the extra spike on the natural gas history plot at the end of 2011. The daily expenditure of 102 kWh to heat our home translates to an average power of 4,250 W. I react with horror. We try to keep our electricity average power below 200 W, for instance.
Coping Mechanisms
First of all, I should express my gratitude that my wife is on board with living a cooler winter existence. It takes two to make such cuts a reality. Living in an unheated house was a bit of a difficult adjustment the first year, but now we hardly notice. It’s supposed to be a bit cold in winter. We wear appropriate layers, have down-boot slippers, and have an electric mattress pad on the bed.
Let me point out that when it comes to staying warm in a house, I really could care less how warm the pictures on the wall are, or the kitchen knives, or the books in the bookshelf, etc. I care how warm I am. And that’s a much easier task. So concentrate on warming the person, not the house, and suddenly you’ll find that not much energy is needed to stay warm.
The mattress pad on the bed is a key feature. It has dual controls, five steps each, amounting to about 6 W of additional power per click. Full-blast, it’s only about 60 W. Compared to a 1500 W space heater, this is impressively small, and more power than is needed to stay comfortable all night. We turn it on a half-hour before we get in bed. It knocks off the chill, eliminating the unpleasantness of crawling between cold sheets. I usually cut mine completely off at this point, relying on the down comforter plus my 100 W metabolism to do the rest of the work. Another key feature is a higher concentration of coils at the feet, where more warmth is appreciated.
Blankets on the couch make curling up for a movie or chatting with friends perfectly comfortable. My wife often sets a 40 W heating pad on her lap or under her feet when extra warmth is needed. On occasion, there might be a little space-heater action in the closet while getting dressed, or around the dining table when friends visit. For short times in small spaces, this can be reasonably effective without being too energy-egregious.
And in the end, the motivation as to why we go without heat is itself sustaining: we simultaneously have a smaller impact on the world—living more within our collective means, and we are conditioning ourselves to be tougher so that we will more easily adapt to potentially harsher situations in the future. We also remind ourselves that humans have not always been pampered with luxuriant heat during the winter, and we got by as a species just fine. Less princess; more villager.
Expectations in Other Climates
Despite the accomplishment of trimming our gas usage by a factor of five, I’m sure many readers are wholly unimpressed. “Any fool can turn off the heat in a San Diego winter—if you can even call it winter. Where I live, oh-ho! This hair-brained strategy has no chance.”
Several quick points, then some details.
• Most San Diegans do resort to heating in the winter. It’s not considered to be a local luxury. Many locals are stunned to learn that I forgo heating, and indeed SDG&E puts the typical gas usage for a home like mine at almost six times our realized usage.
• I’ll bet my house is colder than the houses of most of the people who brush aside the San Diego aspect. Those with colder houses are free to snort.
• Adopting a much cooler set-point can still have a factor-of-two impact in much colder climates.
Let’s spend some time on this last claim. Roughly speaking, the energy expended to heat a house is directly proportional to the temperature difference between inside and outside. More accurately, it is proportional to the difference between the set-point temperature and the temperature that would be achieved passively in the house. Windows admitting sunlight (plus roof absorption) generally mean the average passive temperature inside is higher than the average outside temperature, as is seen in my home.
So in a colder climate, let’s say it’s cold enough that the heat might come on at any time of day (e.g., it does not warm up enough outside to obviate the need). Let’s say the average daily temperature is freezing: 0°C (32°F). Let’s further assume that the passive temperature in the house would average about 3°C (5°F) above the ambient outside temperature. Then to keep the temperature set-point at 12°C (54°F) requires an average offset of 9°C, whereas maintaining the standard room temperature of 21°C (70°F) requirestwice the offset: 18°C. This is the basis for my statement that a factor of two savings may be gained even in colder environments if you’re willing to have your house as cold as we let ours get in San Diego. Granted, it would stay this temperature all the time during cold periods. But I’ll wager it can seem normal, and will still be a comfort compared to the frigid world outside.
To get more specific, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) keeps data on the amount of cooling and heating required based on the weather at a given location. The metric is called heating degree-days, and is effectively a sum of average departures from 65°F (18°C). A temperature slightly cooler than normal “room temperature” is picked to allow for the passive offset of a normal home. Normal values for cities throughout the U.S. on a monthly basis can be found here.
How much heating energy does a monthly 279 degree-day savings translate into? One handle I have is that my house used 3.5 Therms to stay toasty on a night that totaled 6.9 degree-days below the 18°C reference point (possible to assess from overnight dip in close-up plot of day 360 above). So my house uses about 0.5 Therms per (Celsius) degree-day offset. Applying this scaling to 280 degree-days means a potential savings of 140 Therms, or about $170 at the rate I pay for gas service. A smaller, better-insulated house will require less thermal energy per degree-day. Scouting a bit online, I find that my house is not great (no surprise that a San Diego house would not be built to good thermal standards). In colder climates, houses tend to be built with heating efficiencies around 0.2–0.4 Therms per (Celsius) degree day. Divide by 1.8 to get the equivalent Fahrenheit measure. So for a more reasonably insulated house, shaving 280 degree-days by adjusting to 12°C instead of 21°C should save about 70 Therms, or close to $100 each month. A bit of that might get eaten up in blankets, down slippers, and mattress pads. But these things will last years.
For assessing the heat-tightness of a house, we have several units from which to choose. The Therms per degree day measure may be somewhat convenient in the U.S., but a more natural unit is W/°C. One Therm per day equates to a power of 1.22 kW. Here is a useful table for comparison for U.S. houses in the northeast, midwest, and west with a square-footage of 2000 ft² (186 m²). Data are from this useful website.
We are not utterly victim to our energy demands: we create those demands. Adopting an attitude that houses do not need to be warm as long as the person can remain warm means that we can have a substantial impact on our energy use. By adopting a winter-time set-point temperature that would be thought of as a mild spring day outside, we could slash our national heating demand by a factor of two at least! Further reductions could come in the form of smaller houses (or heated areas within houses), better insulation, and deliberate enhancement of passive solar heat inputs.
So. Are you ready to be a low-heat trooper, donning layers and blankets, or do you insist on shorts and tee-shirts inside in the winter? Perhaps our ancient ancestors would have opted for the same, given a choice. But they survived their winters, and we’re made of the same stern stuff.
ADDENDUM: POSITION STATEMENT
In this and other posts that I write about energy reduction schemes, please note that I am not trying to establish my own efforts as superior (my location plays a big role in my success). Lots of folks have been far more effective than I have been in reducing energy usage—and they have my admiration. For me, reduction by factors of 2, 3, 4, etc. are satisfying enough to give me a sense of what can be done. I am now more interested in getting more people to catch up with me than I am in pushing to further extremes. Also, Do the Math readers may wonder why I fuss over home efforts, when many of these tactics do not directly address the impending liquid fuels shortage—identified as our biggest near-term hardship. My answer is that I have adopted a philosophy that all energy is precious and that its consumption (together with consumerism) should be reduced as substantially as we can tolerate. At scale, such an approach relieves pressures on many fronts: environmental; transport; agricultural; resource depletion; etc. Let’s not dink around, and instead change the game across the board. We have the power!
By. Tom Murphy
This is a guest post by Tom Murphy. Tom is an associate professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. This post originally appeared on Tom's blog Do the Math.
FERC: Washington's Reluctant Hero
Contentious Bulgarian Pipeline Dead, Moscow Less Than Pleased | [
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HomeReportsBureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor2016 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices...Iceland
2016 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iceland
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a. Freedom of Speech and Press
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and Stateless Persons
Section 5. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
Iceland is a constitutional parliamentary republic. The president is the head of state, and a prime minister, usually the leader of the largest party, is head of government. There is a unicameral parliament (Althingi). On June 25, voters elected Gudni Thorlacius Johannesson president in a free and fair election. Free and fair parliamentary elections took place on October 29. Negotiations to form a new government continued at year’s end.
The most significant human rights problem during the year was discrimination against foreigners, most significantly asylum seekers. There were discrepancies in access to the health-care system and employment for asylum seekers who did not enter the country under international auspices. Employers discriminated against non-native Icelanders, who were also vulnerable to trafficking. Workers without Icelandic-language skills faced an increased risk of occupational accidents. There was violence against women and children, and women faced a heavy burden of proof in rape cases.
Other human rights problems included holding pretrial detainees sometimes with convicted prisoners. In the legal system, defendants who availed themselves of public defenders and were found guilty had to reimburse the government for the lawyer’s services. Courts may also allow illegally obtained evidence. There were trafficking in persons, employment discrimination against women, occasional discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment and access to public places, and underpayment of wages to young persons.
There were no reports of officials committing violations in the security forces or elsewhere in the government.
There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances.
The constitution and law prohibit such practices, and there were no reports that government officials employed them.
Physical Conditions: Authorities incarcerated female and male inmates in the Akureyri and the new Reykjavik prisons. Authorities closely monitored men held in facilities with women, and, with their mutual consent, men interacted with women only in the common areas and did not share cellblocks. The law states the government must accommodate juvenile offenders in establishments managed by the Government Agency for Child Protection unless there are special grounds for accommodating them in prison. Authorities held pretrial detainees with convicted prisoners.
Although overcrowding was generally not a problem, when it occurred in the prisons, authorities held pretrial detainees in jails in local police stations. As of December 5, there was a waiting list of approximately 550 persons convicted of crimes but unable to serve their sentences in prisons due to a lack of prison space. During the year there were no deaths in the country’s prisons and jails.
Independent Monitoring: The government permitted monitoring of prison conditions by independent local and international human rights groups, the media, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and international bodies, but no such visits occurred during the year.
Improvements: In November the government opened a new prison on the outskirts of Reykjavik, which has a capacity of 56 prisoners, both men and women (separately). The new prison, which has a pretrial detention block, replaced a detention facility in Kopavogur that closed in 2015, a pretrial detention facility in Reykjavik that closed during the year, and the pretrial detention block of the Litla-Hraun prison.
The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention, and the government generally observed these prohibitions.
The national police maintain internal security. In addition the Icelandic Coast Guard (ICG) carries out general law-enforcement duties at sea. The national police, the nine regional police forces, and the ICG all fall under the purview of the Ministry of the Interior.
Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the police and the ICG, and the government has effective mechanisms to investigate and punish abuse and corruption. While there were no reports of impunity involving the security forces during the year, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance noted in a 2012 report there was no mechanism independent of the police and prosecution authorities for the investigation of allegations of police misconduct. In June parliament provided such an independent supervisory commission from January 1, 2017.
Police may make arrests in a number of circumstances, such as when they believe a prosecutable offense has been committed, when they see a need to prevent further offenses or destruction of evidence, when they need to protect a suspect, or when a person refuses to obey police orders to move. The law explicitly requires warrants only for arresting individuals who fail to appear at court for a hearing or a trial, or at a prison to serve a sentence.
Authorities must promptly inform a person under arrest of his rights and bring him before a judge within 24 hours of arrest, and this right was respected. There is no functioning bail system. The judge determines whether a suspect must remain in custody during the investigation. The judge may grant conditional release, subject to assurances that the accused will appear for trial. Upon arrival at the police station, the law entitles detainees to legal counsel, which the government provides for the indigent. There were no reports that suspects were detained incommunicado or held under house arrest.
Detainee’s Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: Arrested or detained persons are entitled to challenge in court the legal basis of their detention. If found to have been unlawfully detained, they may obtain release and compensation. A person may also appeal adverse decisions to the European Court for Human Rights (ECHR).
The constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected judicial independence.
The constitution and law provide for the right to a fair public trial, and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right. Defendants are presumed innocent. Authorities must inform them of the charges against them promptly and in detail. Noncitizens have a right to free interpretation as necessary from the moment charged through all appeals. Trials are fair and take place without undue delay. They are generally public, but judges may close them at the defendant’s request or when minors are involved. Defendants have the right to be present at their trial, and they have access to legal counsel of their own choosing. The government covers attorneys’ fees of defendants unable to pay, but the law requires defendants found guilty to reimburse the government. Defendants have the right to adequate time and facilities to prepare a defense, and they and their attorneys have access to government-held evidence relevant to their cases. Defendants can confront the prosecution or plaintiff witnesses and present their own witnesses and evidence. At the discretion of the courts, prosecutors may introduce evidence that police obtained illegally. Defendants have the right not to be compelled to testify or confess guilt. Defendants have the right to appeal, and the Supreme Court handles appeals expeditiously. These rights extend to all defendants without prejudice.
Individuals may seek damages for, or cessation of, a human rights violation through domestic courts. They can appeal decisions involving alleged violations by the government of the European Convention on Human Rights to the ECHR. Administrative remedies are also available for alleged wrongs.
The constitution and law prohibit interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and there were no reports the government failed to respect these prohibitions.
Immigration law allows authorities to conduct house searches without a prior court order when there is a significant risk that delay would jeopardize an investigation of immigration fraud. Immigration law also allows authorities to request DNA tests without court supervision in cases of suspected immigration fraud. Through September 22, authorities requested one DNA test.
The constitution and the law provide for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally respected these rights. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to promote freedom of speech and press.
Freedom of Speech and Expression: The law establishes fines and imprisonment for up to two years for “[a]nyone who publicly mocks, defames, denigrates or threatens a person or group of persons by comments or expressions of another nature, for example by means of pictures or symbols for their nationality, color, race, religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, or disseminates such materials.” During the year the Metropolitan Police indicted eight individuals for hate speech against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex persons and two for hate speech against individuals on the basis of their religion. By year’s end the courts had not ruled on the cases.
The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or censor online content, and there were no credible reports that the government monitored private online communications without appropriate legal authority. According to Statistics Iceland, 97 percent of households had internet access and 99 percent of citizens used the internet in 2014.
The constitution and law provide for the freedoms of assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights.
The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights.
The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, refugees, returning refugees, asylum seekers, stateless persons, or other persons of concern.
Access to Asylum: The law provides for the granting of asylum or refugee status, and the government has an established system for providing protection to refugees. It allows for accelerated refusal by the Directorate of Immigration of applications deemed to be “manifestly unfounded.” An independent regulatory committee, the Immigration and Asylum Appeals Board, adjudicated asylum cases rejected by the directorate.
Safe Country of Origin/Transit: The country adheres to the EU’s Dublin III regulation, which allows for the return of asylum seekers to the country of entry into the EU. The country did not return asylum seekers to EU member states Greece and Hungary unless they already received protection in these countries. In addition, the country did not return vulnerable asylum seekers to Italy.
Employment: Asylum seekers needed to have guaranteed housing in order for authorities to issue work permits. Some asylum seekers who had found a job, signed a job contract, and applied for a job permit had to wait up to four months to receive the permit, resulting in missed job opportunities.
Access to Basic Services: All asylum seekers had access to the health-care system as part of a package of benefits when living in housing provided by the Directorate of Immigration.
To be fully enrolled in the public health care system, there is a six-month waiting period (from the day they register their legal domicile in the country) for asylum seekers with the means and desire to provide their own housing or who have entered the job market during that time. These individuals are responsible for purchasing health insurance during the six-month waiting period. Critics argued that access to the health-care system should be extended on arrival to any asylum seeker who opts to live outside of the Directorate of Immigration’s facilities or who starts work during that six-month period.
Some asylum seekers who were not issued a national identification number experienced delays in receiving necessary health services.
An increase in asylum applications during the year made it difficult for the Directorate of Immigration to guarantee adequate housing for all asylum applicants.
Durable Solutions: During the year the country received 56 Syrian refugees for permanent resettlement through UNHCR.
Temporary Protection: As of August 31, the government also provided temporary protection to individuals who may not qualify as refugees and provided subsidiary protection to 23 persons and humanitarian protection to two others.
Recent Elections: On October 29, the country held parliamentary elections that were considered free and fair. On June 25, voters elected a new president in elections that were also considered free and fair.
Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and they participated.
The law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government generally implemented the law effectively. There were no reports of government corruption during the year.
Financial Disclosure: Most public officials were not subject to financial disclosure laws. The law requires members of parliament and government ministers who are not members of parliament to report their financial interests publicly on parliament’s website and to update this information within one month of receiving new information. As of December 1, six new members of parliament elected in the October 29 elections reported their financial interests. There are no criminal or administrative sanctions for noncompliance.
Public Access to Information: The law provides for public access to government information, and the government provided effective access for citizens and noncitizens, including foreign media.
A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials were cooperative and responsive to their views.
Government Human Rights Bodies: The parliament’s ombudsman, elected by parliament for a period of four years, secures the rights of the citizens to equal and impartial treatment in their dealings with public authorities. The ombudsman is independent from any orders, including from parliament, when exercising his functions. Individuals can lodge complaints with the ombudsman about the decisions, procedures, and conduct of public officials and government agencies. The ombudsman may demand official reports, documents, and records; may summon officials to give testimony; and has access to official premises. Government agencies generally responded to the ombudsman’s requests for information and documents within a reasonable time. While the ombudsman’s recommendations are not binding on authorities, the government generally adopted them. The ombudsman noted in 2015 that he did not have adequate resources to initiate formal investigations.
The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Judicial Affairs and Education is responsible for legislative oversight of human rights in the country. The committee had adequate resources and was generally effective.
Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape carries a maximum penalty of 16 years in prison. Judges typically imposed sentences of two to three years. The law does not explicitly address spousal rape. Activists continued to complain that the burden of proof in rape cases was too heavy and discouraged victims from reporting acts of rape and authorities from prosecuting them. The government did not respond formally to these concerns.
In March parliament amended the general penal code to criminalize domestic violence specifically with a maximum penalty of 16 years in prison.
Violence against women continued to be a problem. Many victims declined to press charges because they did not think they would win their cases in court or they did not have the stamina to go through court proceedings. In a number of cases, victims were not able to press charges because the statute of limitations had expired. In 2015, the most recent year for which data were available, 9 percent of the clients of the Counseling and Information Center for Survivors of Sexual Violence pressed charges.
Some local human rights monitors attributed the underreporting of domestic violence and sex crimes to the infrequency of convictions and to traditionally light sentences. Courts often based sentences on precedent and rarely made full use of the more stringent sentencing authority available under the law.
Victims of domestic violence can request police to remove perpetrators physically from the home for up to four weeks at a time. Police can also impose a 72-hour restraining order to prevent abusers from coming into proximity with the victim, and courts can extend this restraining order for up to a year. The law entitles victims of sex crimes to a lawyer to advise them of their rights and to help them pursue charges against the alleged assailants. In 2015 a total of 121 women sought assistance at the rape crisis center of the National University Hospital of Iceland, and 126 women sought temporary lodging at the country’s shelter for women, mainly because of domestic violence. The shelter also offered counseling.
The government helped finance the Women’s Shelter, the Counseling and Information Center for Survivors of Sexual Violence, the rape crisis center of the national hospital, and other organizations that assisted victims of domestic or gender-based violence. In addition to partially funding such services, the government assisted immigrant women in abusive relationships, offering emergency accommodation, counseling, and information on legal rights.
Sexual Harassment: Two laws prohibit sexual harassment. The general penal code makes sexual harassment punishable by imprisonment for up to two years. The law on equal status defines sexual harassment more broadly as any type of unfair or offensive physical, verbal, or symbolic sexual behavior that is unwanted and affects the self-respect of the victim and is continued despite a clear indication that the behavior is undesired. The law requires employers and organization supervisors to make specific arrangements to prevent employees, students, and clients from becoming victims of gender-based or sexual harassment. Victims of harassment can report incidents to the Complaints Committee on Equal Status. The law requires only employers with 25 or more employees to provide employees information on the legal prohibitions against sexual harassment in the workplace. The law establishes fines for violations, but more severe penalties could be applicable under other laws. According to the latest available information from the State Prosecutor’s Office, in 2015 prosecutors brought three cases to trial at the district court level and obtained convictions in two. One case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which had not ruled in the case as of September 14.
Reproductive Rights: Couples and individuals have the right to decide the number, spacing, and timing of their children; manage their reproductive health; and have access to the information and means to do so, free from discrimination, coercion, or violence.
Discrimination: Women have the same legal status and rights as men according to the constitution and the law. The law states that employers and unions should work towards gender equality in the labor market, especially in managerial positions, and that employers should work towards declassifying jobs as primarily female- or male-oriented. Employment discrimination occurred (see section 7.d.). The Gender Equality Complaints Committee ruled that the National Archives of Iceland violated the law on equal status when it established a lower number of fixed monthly overtime hours for a female employee than for a male employee in a comparable position over a period of roughly two years.
Birth Registration: A child acquires the country’s citizenship at birth if both parents are citizens, if the mother is a citizen, or if the father is a citizen and is married to the child’s foreign mother. If a mixed-nationality couple had obtained a judicial separation at the time when the child was conceived, however, the child acquires the mother’s citizenship. A stateless child can become a citizen at the age of three. In all cases a child’s access to social services depends on whether he or she has a residence permit in the country. Registration of birth was prompt.
Child Abuse: In 2015, the latest year for which data were available, local child protection committees, whose work the Agency for Child Protection coordinates, received 2,216 reports of abuse, including 1,282 reports of emotional abuse (including 676 reports of domestic violence), 491 of physical abuse, and 460 of sexual abuse (some cases counted as more than one kind of abuse).
The agency operated a diagnostic and short-term treatment center for abused and troubled minors, and was responsible for three long-term treatment facilities. It also coordinated the work of 27 committees throughout the country responsible for local management of child-protection cases. The local committees hired professionals with expertise in social work and child protection.
The government maintained a children’s assessment center to accelerate prosecution of child sexual abuse cases and lessen the trauma experienced by the child.
The prime minister appoints the children’s ombudsman, who acts independently of the government. The ombudsman’s mandate is to protect children’s rights, interests, and welfare. When investigating complaints, which typically involved physical and psychological abuse and inadequate accommodation for children with illnesses or disabilities, the ombudsman has access to all public and private institutions that housed or otherwise cared for children. The ombudsman is not empowered to intervene in individual cases but can investigate them for indications of a general trend. The ombudsman can also initiate cases at her discretion. While the ombudsman’s recommendations are not binding on authorities, generally the government adopted them.
Early and Forced Marriage: The country’s minimum age for marriage is 18 for both sexes.
Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits, with fines or imprisonment for up to two years, the payment, or promise to pay or render consideration of another type, for prostitution involving a child under the age of 18. The law prohibits child pornography, which is punishable by up to two years in prison. The law criminalizes statutory rape with incarceration for one to 16 years. The government effectively enforced these laws. The minimum age for consensual sex is 15.
International Child Abductions: The country is a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. See the Department of State’s Annual Report on International Parental Child Abduction at travel.state.gov/content/childabduction/en/legal/compliance.html.
Officials estimated the Jewish community to be fewer than 100 individuals, and there is no synagogue or Jewish cultural center in the country. There were no reports of anti-Semitic acts.
See the Department of State’s Trafficking in Persons Report at www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt.
The constitution prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities in employment, education, air travel and other transportation, access to health care, the judicial system, and the provision of other government services. The law provides that persons with disabilities receive preference for government and municipal jobs when they are at least as qualified as other applicants. Disability rights advocates asserted that the government did not fully implement the constitution and the law.
The law provides that persons with disabilities have access to buildings, information, and communications. Building regulations prescribe that buildings and building premises be designed in accordance with “universal design.” Universal design is meant to ensure that persons are not discriminated against on the basis of a disability or illness regarding access or the general use of buildings, and to ensure that people can safely enter and exit buildings, even under abnormal circumstances, such as in the case of fire. Disability rights advocates complained that authorities did not fully implement the law and regulations and access to public information was unsatisfactory, since not all persons with disabilities, in particular persons with vision disabilities, had access to the internet. While violations of these regulations are punishable by a fine or a jail sentence of up to two years, one of the main associations for persons with disabilities contended that authorities rarely, if ever, assessed penalties for noncompliance.
Employment discrimination occurred.
National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Immigrants, mainly of non-Western origin and from Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries, and asylum seekers, suffered occasional incidents of harassment based on their ethnicity.
Anecdotal evidence suggested that some landlords were reluctant or unwilling to rent residential facilities to persons other than ethnic Icelanders. Employment discrimination occurred. In January the Directorate of Labor started offering services targeted at refugees and asylum seekers to assist them with finding employment. In September parliament approved an action plan on immigration issues for the years 2016-19, which included items focusing on providing equal employment opportunities for immigrants, prioritizing wage equality, and increasing continuing education opportunities and job-related education to strengthen contact networks.
While the constitution does not specifically prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity, it does so implicitly. The law prohibits anyone from denying a person goods or services on an equal footing with others on grounds of that person’s sexual orientation or gender identity. It also prohibits denying a person access to a public meeting place or other places open to the public on the same footing with others on grounds of that person’s sexual orientation or gender identity. The law further prohibits incitement to hatred against persons on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, and the dissemination of hateful material.
Immigrants, mainly of non-Western origin, and asylum seekers, suffered occasional incidents of harassment based on their religious beliefs.
The law provides for the right of workers to form and join independent unions, bargain collectively, and conduct legal strikes, and the government generally respected these rights. The law prohibits antiunion discrimination. It is silent on whether workers fired for union activity should be reinstated, but it provides for fining employers who engage in this practice. The law permits the government to pass a provisional law to impose mandatory mediation when strikes threaten key sectors in the economy, and the government did so once during the year to prohibit a strike by air traffic controllers.
The government effectively enforced the law. Penalties for violations (damages and fines) were sufficient to deter violations.
The government and employers respected freedom of association and the right to bargain collectively. Collective bargaining agreements covered nearly 100 percent of the formal economy’s workforce. Independent contractors in various industries, but mainly in construction and tourism, sometimes hired subcontractors to avoid hiring workers with bargaining rights.
The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor.
Authorities in the Directorate of Labor and the Directorate of Immigration effectively enforced the law. Resources were adequate during the year, although there were no prosecutions. The law is sufficiently stringent compared with those on other serious crimes and stipulates that violations are punishable by imprisonment for up to 12 years.
Traffickers subjected men and women to forced labor in construction, tourism, restaurants, and fish factories, as well as au pairs in private houses. Foreign “posted workers” are at particular risk of forced labor because traffickers pay them in their home countries and contract them to work for up to 183 days in Iceland to avoid taxes and union fees, limiting tax authorities’ and union officials’ ability to monitor their work conditions and pay. Traffickers also subjected women to domestic servitude and forced labor and men to forced labor, sometimes through forced marriage.
Also see the Department of State’s Trafficking in Persons Report at www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt.
According to the law, children ages 13 and 14 may be employed in light work up to 12 hours per week and a maximum of two hours per day outside organized school teaching hours during the school year, and up to 35 hours a week or a maximum of seven hours per day during school vacations. They may not work between the hours of 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. Children between the ages of 15 and 18 who do not attend school may work up to 40 hours per week and a maximum of eight hours per day, but not between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. For children who remain in school, the law limits work to 12 hours per week and a maximum two hours per day during the school year, but up to 40 hours per week and a maximum eight hours per day during school vacations. They may not work between the hours of 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. Children under 18 may not be employed in the following types of work: work that is likely to be beyond their physical or mental capacity; work that is likely to cause permanent damage to health; work that involves the risk of hazardous radiation; work involving a risk of accidents which it can be assumed that children and teenagers could have difficulty identifying or avoiding due to their lack of awareness or lack of experience or training; or work where there is a risk of violence or other specific risk, except where the young persons work with adults. The government generally enforced the law. There were no known cases of child labor.
The Administration of Occupational Safety and Health (AOSH) enforced child labor laws and regulations with effective inspections and penalties, which can range from fines to prison sentences.
Labor laws and regulations do not specifically prohibit discrimination regarding race, color, religion, political opinion, national origin, citizenship, social origin, disability, language, sexual orientation and/or gender identity, HIV-positive status or other communicable diseases. Nevertheless, the constitution and other laws prohibit such discrimination in general and for violations provide for fines determined by the courts. The government effectively enforced the law.
Despite laws that require equal pay for equal work, a pay gap existed between men and women. According to a salary survey of its members conducted by the Association of Academics and published in June, the gender-based pay gap amounted to 11.7 percent after taking into consideration number of hours worked, age, education, number of employees supervised, and financial responsibility. According to a salary survey of its members conducted by the country’s largest labor union, the VR, and published in September, the gender-based pay gap amounted to 10 percent after taking into consideration age, length of employment, profession, job sector, education, number of employees supervised, number of hours worked, and shift work.
According to a salary survey of their members conducted for the Union of Public Servants and the Reykjavik City Municipal Employees Association and published in September, the gender pay gap amounted to 11.8 and 6.1 percent among the unions’ membership, respectively, after taking into consideration age, working hours, length of employment, type of profession, education, shift differential, and type of sector.
Anecdotal evidence suggested some employers might without reason limit their hiring to native Icelandic-speaking individuals. Disability rights advocates asserted that persons with disabilities had a more difficult time finding jobs due to prejudice and because fewer job opportunities, especially part time, were available for persons with disabilities. The positions that persons with disabilities were able to find were usually low paying, required only a low level of education or skills, and offered limited opportunities for advancement.
In September the Directorate of Labor began a one-year project to increase the number and diversity of job opportunities for persons with disabilities.
The law does not establish a minimum wage. The minimum wages negotiated in various collective bargaining agreements applied automatically to all employees in those occupations, including foreign workers, regardless of union membership. While the agreements can be either industry-wide, sector-wide, or in some cases firm-specific, the type of position defined the negotiated wage levels.
The standard legal workweek is 40 hours, and paid annual holidays include 14 full days and two half-days. The law requires that employers compensate work exceeding eight hours per day as overtime. Overtime pay does not vary significantly across unions, but collective bargaining agreements determine the terms of overtime pay. The law limits the time a worker may work, including overtime, to 48 hours a week on average during each four-month period. The law entitles workers to 11 hours of rest in each 24-hour period and one day off each week. Under specially defined circumstances, employers may reduce the 11-hour rest period to no less than eight hours, but they must then compensate workers with corresponding rest time later. They may also postpone a worker’s day off, but the worker must receive the corresponding rest time within 14 days. The AOSH monitored and enforced these regulations.
The law sets occupational health and safety standards, which are appropriate for the main industries, and the Ministry of Welfare administered and enforced them through the AOSH, which conducted both proactive and reactive inspections. The ministry can close workplaces that fail to meet safety and health standards, and temporarily prohibited certain tasks in workplaces in 48 instances. Workers could remove themselves from situations that endangered health or safety without jeopardy to their employment.
The AOSH did not employ a sufficient number of inspectors to enforce standards effectively in all sectors. The AOSH levied daily fines on companies that did not follow instructions, urging them to improve work conditions. Daily fines were generally sufficient to deter violations. The AOSH strengthened its systematic inspection of land-based fish processing and initiated a formal interagency effort to guarantee coordinated enforcement actions against violators of the labor law and occupational health and safety standards. With the exception of certain asylum seekers, the government provided universal health-care coverage to all workers, including those in the informal economy.
Violations of wage and overtime standards were most common in the construction and tourism sectors. The Icelandic Federation of Labor stated that young persons in the tourism sector, as well as foreign workers, primarily men in the construction industry, some of them undocumented, were paid less than the negotiated minimum wage. Although violations of occupational safety and health standards occurred in all sectors, violations occurred most frequently in the construction and food industries. Young workers and employees who did not understand or speak Icelandic and did not know local rules and regulations were more likely to be subject to hazardous or exploitative working conditions.
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Iceland
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18931,
375,
769
] |
Glossary >
olah
Main definition
עלה
olah- The Hebrew word for "burnt offering". This word comes from a Hebrew root that means "to go up" as in "to go up in smoke". It is something that is wholly devoted to G-d. Strongs #5930. Pronounced oh LAH. Plural "olim". | [
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You are here: Parliament home page > Parliamentary business > Publications and Records > Committee Publications > All Select Committee Publications > Commons Select Committees > Office of the Deputy Prime Minister > Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
Select Committee on Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Written Evidence
Memorandum by Mrs Clare Barker, Headteacher, Hoyle Early Years Centre Chesham (CAB 21)
1. I became involved with CABE as part of the Neighbourhood Nurseries Design Competition which they facilitated for the DFES. The aim of the competition was to create the "nursery of the future". Hoyle is situated in an area of considerable deprivation and the chance to achieve a brand new building with presence was a wonderful opportunity as a headteacher with little knowledge of the world of architecture, building and design I found their involvement a great asset in helping me to find my way through the whole process.
2. CABE acted as vehicle for engaging the teams of architects and establishing a panel of experts who then judged the designs submitted. These included Sir Richard Rogers, Sir Nicholas Serota, Sunand Prashad and Margy Whalley. CABE were an effective "sounding board" for all parties involved, providing advice, ideas, encouragement and inspiration.
3. Further down the line their involvement helped me to deal with the complexities of the planning system which at one point could have caused the whole project to collapse. Their involvement ensured that the project remained high profile and gave me a very useful and knowledgeable ally.
4. Perhaps their most significant input was in terms of ensuring that the highest standards of design and building were implemented to give us a building to be proud of. This has been borne out by the amount of interest shown in the building and the fact that it has won an RIBA regional award. In addition it has been nominated for the Prime Ministers Public Building Award to be announced this month.
5. I am sure that without CABE's involvement we would not have achieved the great success we have at Hoyle. The Right Honourable Margaret Hodge opened our new building and was very impressed indeed and commented on this in her address.
6. CABE provide a unique contribution within the world of the built environment by acting as drivers for quality, aesthetic appeal and innovative design solutions. I am indebted to them for their support and involvement in the project at Hoyle.
Prepared 27 October 2004 | [
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Week of Sunday, January 10, 2021 | [
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Wanki, Taniform (1)
The Trials of an Half Orphan (2012)
Wanki, Taniform
Death strikes and claims the mother of Martin Smith when he is still in primary five, leaving him and his siblings at the mercy of a volcanic tempered and cruel father. No longer prepared to accept any beatings from his father, he runs away from home and takes up residence in a deserted house in a neighbouring village with little to live on. His fate appears sealed. Just when all hope seems lost, appears Mr Finley Banks - a Peace Corp Volunteer and teacher. Martin Smith is pleased to be treated like a son once more, only for Mr Finley Banks to come to the end of his stay in the country five years later. How will things turn out with him gone? Set in Cameroon and Italy, this is a story of opportunities and opportunism. It is the story of the trials, thrills and tribulations of a young African half orphan boy determined to make it in life. | [
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FIJI INVESTMENT HOLDINGS PTY. LTD. | [
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Qualitative methods for assessing health care. | [
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4 Ha-Joon Chang Quotes about People
” In the 19th century, a lot of people were against outlawing child labour, because to do so would be against the very foundations of a free market economy: ‘These children want to work, these people want to employ them… what is your problem? It’s not as if anyone has kidnapped them… “
” People tend to think that numbers are quite objective, but numbers in economics are not like this. Some economists say they’re like sausages: you don’t know what they really are until you cut into them. “
” Economics should be defined in terms of what it is about. It should be about how people produce things, how people exchange them, how people earn income, how they pay taxes, how the government provides infrastructure with tax revenue, and how it conducts monetary policy. The subject has to be defined in terms of the object of inquiry. “
” Sometimes people with strong ideology, whether left-wing or right-wing, refuse to do something simply because they believe it is wrong, when doing it actually benefits them. For some people, it’s not just about money and political power. “
All 4 Ha-Joon Chang Quotes about People in picture
← 8 H. Rap Brown Quotes about Black
5 Hailee Steinfeld Quotes about Love → | [
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Rachel F. Jean
JFK’s 1963 Christmas Cards and Dealing with Grief during the Holidays- The 12 Days of Blogmas Day 7
Happy 12 Days of Blogmas Day 7!
Today’s holiday topic is not one filled with the cheer and merriment that most of us wish to focus on this time of year, but it’s none the less a part of the holidays. Dealing with grief during the holiday season. Grief, which can feel overwhelming any time of the year, has a way of magnifying this time of the year when we try to carry grief with us through the Christmas crazed world with its blaring holiday music, excited children waiting to talk to Santas around the world, and lots of family and social obligations to attend.
In November of 1963, before he set out for his fateful trip to Dallas, President John F. Kennedy had already begun to sign the Christmas cards that he and Jackie had selected to send out that year. They planned to finish signing the rest and send them out after they returned from their trip. Of course as we know, they never got that chance. The Christmas cards were never sent out. One of the cards is now part of the collections of the Smithsonian National Museum of American History; a reminder of a dark moment in American history and the grief that both a family and nation shared that holiday season.
And the nation had plenty to grieve that year. In addition to Kennedy’s assassination, several violent, racially motivated murders were committed including the murders of Medgar Evers and four young girls who lost their lives in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing that also injured another twenty-two people.
And it’s not like the year 1963 is unique in being a year filled with loss. Every year of human existence had brought suffering and pain, and this pain is magnified for loved ones during the holidays. This pain isn’t just limited to the holiday after a loss either. It can continue to be there year after year as we miss a loved one or lost relationship and the traditions of holidays gone by.
There are a few things we can do to help get through the holidays and care for ourselves.
Strategies for dealing with grief during the holidays:
Know that grief is a part of the healing process:
Emotions like joy, sadness, anger, etc are normal and allowing ourselves to feel them helps us to move forward in the healing process. Don’t avoid emotions. Don’t just pretend like the holidays don’t exist or try to numb the pain with drugs or alcohol.
Set Healthy Boundaries
You don’t want to completely ignore the holidays, but you also don’t have to make yourself go to everything you get invited to. If a certain event or circumstance is just too painful to face, it’s okay to say no.
Surround yourself with people who love and support you
Spend time around friends and family that allow you to talk about your grief and express emotions.
Honor your memories
Find your own ways to remember and honor lost loved ones and remember the love that is never lost even after they are gone.
Set realistic expectations for yourself
Grief can be overwhelming both mentally and physically. You might feel tired or like you don’t want to undertake all the same responsibilities you’ve had in past holidays. Take care of yourself and remember it’s ok not to do all the things you’ve done in years past if it will take away from your overall well-being. It’s okay to create new traditions or to alter the old ones.
Do Something Kind for Others
The holidays offer many opportunities for us to serve others around us through acts of kindness, buying gifts for families that might otherwise not get any, or volunteering with patients in local nursing facilities who might not have family to come and see them during the holidays. Working as a nursing home social worker, I met many people who had recently lost loved ones who chose to return to the center and to visit with other patients because they knew they would otherwise not have those visitors and even through their own grief they could still offer simple kindness to another person.
Never be afraid or ashamed to ask for help when you are struggling with grief during the holidays (or anytime). This might look like telling loved ones that you’re having a difficult time, or it could be reaching out to local support groups or contacting a professional counselor to help you process your grief in a healthy way.
I wish you peace during this time if this holiday season is proving to be more painful than joyful. You’re not alone.
Published by Rachel Jean
View all posts by Rachel Jean
Blogmas 2021, Christmas, History
12 Days of Blogmas, Blogmas 2021, Christmas
The Christmas Truce of 1914- The 12 Days of Blogmas Day 6
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s Christmas Poem “Christmas Bells”- The 12 Days of Blogmas Day 8
The story of how I made knitting a baby blanket way harder than it should be, but it turned out to be a pretty good metaphor
Contemplating the Past, Present, and Future at Montgomery Bell State Park
Prepared In Advance: The Ten Boom Family
Spotting a Wild Bald Eagle and Visiting David Crockett State Park
Starting the New Year sick, Re-reading The Great Gatsby, and a winter hike
Follow Rachel F. Jean on WordPress.com | [
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Full history of the RADLAB
Brief history of the RADLAB
Applied Electromagnetics and RF Circuits
Electromagnetic Materials
CSE welcomes new faculty who will join beginning academic year 2022/23
Meet the new arrivals.
With continued strength in hiring, Michigan continues to expand and strengthen its scope of research and teaching activities. From work in machine-learning for improving accessibility to data science for wildlife conservation, these individuals will help to define what it means to be a computer scientist.
Wei Hu
Wei Hu, Fall 2022
PhD, Computer Science, 2021
Wei Hu was hired into CSE in 2021 and completed an appointment as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley before coming to campus at Michigan this fall. He is broadly interested in the theoretical and scientific foundations of modern machine learning, especially deep learning. He aims to obtain a solid, rigorous and practically relevant theoretical understanding of machine learning pipelines, as well as to develop principles to make them more reliable and efficient. He is a recipient of the Siebel Scholarship Class of 2021.
Georgios Tzimpragos
George Tzimpragos, Fall 2022
George Tzimpragos does research mainly within the field of computer architecture using a bottom-up approach that aims for cross-stack solutions that bridge circuits, computation logic, microarchitecture, and programming languages. Inspired by the goals to improve the performance of transistors, novel devices and turnaround times, Tzimpragos also participates in the Midwest Quantum Collaboratory and the IEEE IRDS committee on Cryogenic Electronics and Quantum Information Processing.
Stella Yu
Stella Yu, Fall 2022
PhD, Robotics, 2003
Stella Yu’s research focuses on understanding visual perception from multiple perspectives as well as using computer vision and machine learning to automate and exceed human expertise in practical applications. In her work, Yu approaches visual perception as not only a computational problem but also a solution for large-scale data mining and pattern recognition applications. Yu comes to CSE from UC Berkeley where she was the International Computer Science Institute Vision Group Director and a Berkeley Institute for Data Science Senior Fellow. Prior to that, Yu explored the connections between art and vision as a Clare Booth Luce Professor at Boston College.
Dhruv Jain
Dhruv Jain, Fall 2022
PhD, Computer Science and Engineering, 2022
Dhruv Jain’s research intersects human-computer interaction and applied machine learning, and focuses on inventing novel sound sensing and feedback techniques to support accessibility applications. He pioneered the use of autoethnography in computing research using his personal experience as a hard of hearing individual and has had his low-cost indoor navigation system for visually impaired users, Roshni, featured in the National Science Museum. His research has been published in HCI venues including CHI, UIST, DIS, and ASSETS, and received a Microsoft Dissertation Grant and Google-CMD-IT LEAP Alliance Fellowship. Jain will join CSE as an assistant professor in Fall 2022.
Ryan Huang
Ryan Huang, Winter 2023
Ryan Huang broadly covers systems including OS and distributed systems, with a specific focus in building reliable, efficient, and defensible systems from large-scale data centers to small mobile devices. In addition to these areas, Huang has recently pushed for higher availability and observability of next-generation cloud systems and conducted research on energy-efficient systems and preventing system misconfigurations. Huang joins CSE from his previous postion as an Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins University. Prior to that, he addressed real-world system challenges at Microsoft Azure. Huang will join CSE as an associate professor in Winter 2023.
Saquib Razak
Saquib Razak, Winter 2023
Lecturer III
State University of New York, Binghamton
Saquib Razak seeks to equip students with the problem-solving skills needed to ensure a successful future in their field of choice by improving the quality and accessibility of introductory programming courses. Beyond education development, Razak pursues research in embedded systems, internet of things, and sensor networks. Razak comes to CSE from Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar where he was an Associate Teaching Professor. Razak will join CSE as a teaching faculty member in Winter 2023.
Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly
Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly, Fall 2023
Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly is focusing her research on artificial intelligence for social impact, particularly spanning the fields of multi-agent systems and data science. Her work, which has been published in venues such as AAAI, AAMAS, AIES, and IJCAI, has applications in conservation and public health, and has been deployed to support conservation efforts. She also founded and currently leads Try AI, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit committed to increasing diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in the field of AI through community-building educational programs, largely focused on AI for social impact. Bondi-Kelly is currently a postdoctoral fellow at MIT through the CSAIL METEOR Fellowship and will join CSE as an assistant professor in Fall 2023.
Lin Ma
Lin Ma, Fall 2023
Lin Ma’s research focuses on the intersection of database management systems and machine learning, especially using machine learning techniques to automate database administration and remove human obstacles. Ma is a lead developer of the NoisePage self-driving database system, and he has given talks on database management and machine learning at Google, Microsoft Research, IBM Research, and Facebook. Ma currently works on addressing challenges in the Lakehouse data platform at Databrinks, Inc. and will join CSE as an assistant professor in Fall 2023.
Community; Dhruv Jain; Division News; Education; Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly; Georgios Tzimpragos; Lin Ma; Saquib Razak; Stella Yu; Wei Hu
Radiation Laboratory
1301 Beal Ave. | [
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] |
United States | San Diego
Del Mar Electronics & Manufacturing Show
Del Mar Electronic & Manufacturing Show is an event that focuses on consumer products and services in the field of home decor and electronics as well as technology-based products. It will be held from 26th to 27th April at the Del Mar Fairgrounds in San Diego, California, USA.
DMEMS 2023 enables brands and companies to establish themselves to use various innovative ideas and showcase their significance. The exhibition will deal in IC Products & Services, Electronic Components, Instrumentation Equipment, Fabrication Products & Services, Engineering Software & Services, Manufacturing Products & Services, Contract Manufacturing Services, 3d Printers and Scanners, IoT and much more.
Reasons to Attend:
It is also considered as the Premier Event for those who Design, Manufacture or Test Products
Learn about and showcase the latest technologies that evolve the electronic designs, home decor, interior designs and other consumer products.
It is a must for retail consumer goods industries and in expanding their brands to emerge among the top consumer retail brands all across the globe.
Showcase your products and services to a larger audience.
Hence, become a participant and get your elegant exhibition stand booth designed at DMEMS 2023 (or trade show exhibit rental San Diego) in San Diego, California, USA by contacting the team of Radon (www.radonexhibition.com) to get your exhibition stand designed and manufactured. Get an appropriate quotation by filling in your details.
Plant & Animal Genome Conference San Diego 2023
INTERSOLAR NORTH AMERICA 2023
DIGESTIVE DISEASE WEEK | [
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Raiders News: Derek Carr and Jack Del Rio Marvel At Khalil Mack’s Talent
Raiders News: Derek Carr ‘Going To Be Ok’ After Dislocating Finger
The Week 12 contest for Oakland Raiders and Carolina Panthers certainly had an eventful outcome. After the Panthers scored 25 unanswered points, Jack Del Rio and the Raiders responded with 10 consecutive points to seal the contest. Quarterback Derek Carr played through a dislocated finger, while defensive captain Khalil Mack made his presence felt.
The Raiders had a team win on Sunday, improving their record to 9-2 on the season. Del Rio’s crew remains tied for first place in the AFC, while holding a game lead in the AFC West.
While the offense has taken much credit for the success this season, the defense has slowly begun showing consistent progress. The defensive unit was headlined by the play of Mack, with his permanent stamp on the game.
After the game, Del Rio was asked about the production of Mack and had nothing but praise for his all-around player, via Raiders.com:
“He’s a really good football player. That’s what I’ve been saying. Earlier in the year there was discussion about what about his numbers and I said, you know what I said. I think you were there. He’s going to get his numbers. He’s a good football player and he brings great energy every day. He’s a wonderful teammate. He’s a talented guy that works his tail off. Those guys tend to get their numbers.”
The Panthers were given the ball back with less than two minutes remaining, trailing by three. They were completing intermediate passes, eventually reaching midfield. However, the outcome of the game would be determined on one play.
Newton took the ball, electing to remain in the pocket to find a receiver down the field. Mack, who lined up on Newton’s strong side, bull rushed the offensive lineman, got past him and swatted the ball out of Newton’s hand. The ball bounced on the ground, as Mack fell on the ball and completed the strip sack.
Mack accomplished something on Sunday that hasn’t been done since 2009. He was the first player since Charles Woodson to record a fumble recovery, an interception, a sack, a forced fumble and a touchdown in a single game.
His impact is beginning to become a problem for opposing offensive lines. While he continues drawing double teams, the other players on the defensive line begin getting opportunities to rush the quarterback.
Carr, who came into the league the same season as Mack, talked about how the players rely upon each other to lead their units to victory:
Carr: “It’s crazy. He’s so young. He’s only been playing the same amount of time I have. He’s already done things no one in the history of the league has done. He’s been an all pro at two positions. He’s making these clutch plays. Every time there’s a two-minute drill, I come up to him and say ‘Now it’s your turn, go end it.’ We’re just having fun, but I’m dead serious. And he says, ‘end the game, ok.’ We hope every time it will work out, obviously. I don’t think we can put him into a category. I think that he’s here, and he’s progressed to here. He’s in a class of his own. I’m not saying he’s better than anybody, I think he is. I think he’s the best football player I’ve ever played with and seen. I think he’s done things that no one has ever seen before and I don’t want to just put him in a box. I think the sky’s the limit for him.”
After his performance on Sunday, Mack has now collected a sack in six consecutive games, the longest active streak in the NFL.
The Raiders remain at the Oakland Coliseum for their next contest, as they have a Sunday showdown against the Buffalo Bills. | [
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Corn Belt Route, The: A History of the Chicago Great Western Railroad Company | [
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Dir: Robert Enders
Starring: Glenda Jackson and Trevor Howard
The life of British suburban poet Stevie Smith
This biographical film about the life of the British poet Florence Margaret “Stevie” Smith centres on Smith’s relationship with her aunt, with whom she lived for many years in a house in Palmers Green, London. Stevie portrays her life through direct dialogue with the audience, as well as flashbacks. The irrepressible Glenda Jackson plays Smith and beloved character actress Mona Washbourne her aunt. With narrative sequences provided by an ageing friend, played by the gently soothing Trevor Howard, this film is an enthralling spectacle. Despite being filmed largely within the walls of one house, there are some good early shots of 1938-built tube stock on the Northern Line, including a couple of run-bys, one of which is on the approach to Hendon (or Burrough) Tunnels, some driver’s eye views and some interior shots. Several near identical outtakes of passing ’38 stock can be found on Video 125’s Diesels and Electrics on 35mm DVD. In addition to these there is a shot of Glenda Jackson leaving Southgate station on the Piccadilly Line (the nearest tube station to Palmers Green) and later, as Trevor Howard narrates from a footbridge crossing the Midland Main Line, a formation of Class 127 DMU’s pass beneath. Further drivers-eye views from the Underground also appear later towards the end of the film. One of Stevie’s musings taken from her novel The Holiday contained the following verse, read calmly by Trevor Howard at the beginning; ‘Life is like a railway station, the train of birth brings us in, the train of death will carry us away’. The film has been seriously overlooked and is beautiful, haunting and absorbing all in one. It is a wonderful spectacle that is based on the successful play written by Hugh Whitemore that was based on her life.
A motorman’s view of the line ahead, shot from the cab of a 1938 train
A good decent runby of a classic red train, a train of 1938-built tube stock probably working a Northern Line service
A similar train enters Hendon Tunnels, 1096 yards in length. The tunnels take the Northern Line beneath the A41 road, the M1 motorway, and the Midland main line.
Glenda Jackson onboard a 1938 Underground train
Glenda Jackson leaves Southgate tube on the Piccadilly Line
Class 127 DMU’s approach the camera working a suburban service on the southern end of the Midland main line
Trevor Howard on the footbridge. The train is passing beneath but it can not be seen.
Another motorman’s view on the approach to twin tube tunnels | [
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[ARCHIVED] DID YOU KNOW?
Did you know?: The Randolph County Sheriff’s Office offers daily devotions every weekday morning from 7:45 to 8:00 a.m. and has since December 2018. Devotions are led by Sheriff Seabolt, Chaplain Bill Hatfield or any other member/citizen who volunteers to share a devotion. Devotions always end with a prayer for the members of the Sheriff’s Office.
During this most holy week, we ask that you pray a hedge of protection around the members of the Randolph County Sheriff’s Office and ask for God’s most divine wisdom, guidance and discernment in executing their duties.
To see our list of other accomplishments: https://nc-randolphcounty.civicplus.com/280/Sheriffs-Office
Other News in Sheriff's Office General News
Junior Sheriff's Academy - Functional Learning students
2022 Sheriff's Office Annual Report
C.A.R.E. and D.A.R.E. Camp 2023
Junior Sheriff's Academy
FBI offers $25,000 reward in the EnergyUnited Substation Vandalism | [
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Lewis Carrol
language ( July 22, 2019)
Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has continuously delighted readers, young and old, for more than a century.
A timeless classic, first published by Macmillan in 1865, and the book has never been out of print. Much-loved by both adults and children, the story has been adapted numerous times and has had an impact on popular culture that few other books can claim, even being made into a major motion picture by the Walt Disney Company.
Why not immerse yourself and your kinds in this favourite tale from the start and read a beautiful edition of the story for all ages.
Enjoy reading Alice in Wonderland? You may also like these books
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Alice's Adventures in Wonderland: A Colouring Transfer Book
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Paperback (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform March 16, 2010)
Paperback (Forgotten Books ) | [
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Home / Archives / Rebellions / Rebellions Archive / Meshell Ndegeocello on Nina Simone, ‘The Hustle,’ and Why She Loves Chicago
Posted inRebellions Archive
Meshell Ndegeocello on Nina Simone, ‘The Hustle,’ and Why She Loves Chicago
by Karen Hawkins September 19, 2012 March 19, 2017
Meshell Ndegeocello won’t say what she’s cooking.
A few minutes into our interview, the unmistakable clanging of pots gets louder in the background, and she asks with an apologetic tone if she can call back in 15 minutes.
Who can say no to that velvet voice?
When we resume, she refuses to say what’s for dinner: “Oh no, I can’t reveal my secrets.”
Fortunately for fans, the acclaimed singer/songwriter is less cagey about her music, penning intensely personal songs that are sometimes spun out of pure heartache and always backed by her insistent bass. For her 10th studio release, “Pour une ame souveraine (For a sovereign soul): A dedication to Nina Simone,” she’s taken on 14 of Simone’s pieces, from the haunting “Either Way I Lose” to the classic “See Line Woman.”
Ndegeocello will be in Chicago twice in the coming months; at the Garden of Eve fundraiser for Howard Brown Health Center on Friday, Sept. 14 and at the Old Town School of Folk Music on Nov. 23.
Though she wouldn’t tell Rebellious what was in the oven, here are some questions she did answer:
How did you decide to record a Nina Simone tribute album?
I gotta thank (fellow singer-songwriter) Toshi Reagon. She did this Women in Jazz series, and asked to me to perform at the Schomburg Center (for Research in Black Culture), and I chose Nina Simone. Everyone asked me if I was going to record (the music), and that’s how it came about.
Was it daunting to take on Simone’s work?
So many people ask me that. It came with its baggage, but I have what I call subtle autism, my mind doesn’t really work like that. I didn’t really take that in.
Nina Simone has an enormous catalog — how did you choose which songs to record?
I picked the ones I felt like I could do justice to. I also picked the ones she had written. And “Either way I Lose” was written by Van McCoy, he also wrote “The Hustle.” I had to choose that one.
The album also features Reagon, Sinead O’Connor, Valerie June and Cody ChestnuTT – how did you decide who to record with?
Toshi, just because she was so instrumental in its beginning. Valerie June, I heard her on a mix tape on the internet and I fell in love with her voice. … I did a show with (Sinead), and I just love her and know she’s a Nina Simone fan. She picked the song (“Don’t Take All Night,”), that was just a blessing for me. I just ask, and hopefully people say yes. My publicist suggested Cody ChestnuTT, and that’s my favorite track on the album (“To Be Young, Gifted and Black”).
Did you ever meet Nina Simone?
No, I wish I could have, that would’ve been great. But like with most icons, people say it’s good when you don’t meet them.
You’re playing two shows here soon, how are Chicago audiences?
That’s such a loaded question. It depends what record I’m playing or where it is. I love Chicago, it’s one of my favorite places. I’ve had a lot of good times there, it’s a black migration capital in the past, it’s got great architecture, it’s cosmopolitan yet rural. New York is no longer the center of culture.
What can people expect at the Garden of Eve fundraiser (where she’s playing with producer/guitarist Chris Bruce )?
It will be an intimate set of old, new. I’m just going to sing some songs for the people. It’s kinda quasi-acoustic.
What makes you Rebellious?
Choosing to be a musician is pretty Rebellious. Choosing not to marry a man in hopes that he’ll take care of me is Rebellious. I could go on. Just surviving is a revolutionary act, to get this far in life, just living.
What’s the most Rebellious thing you’ve ever done?
To choose to make the music I have in my head and not try to make other people happy. I didn’t become a pop star or something like that, I don’t think I could if I tried.
(image courtesy of Yancho Sabev)
It’s Good to be Back
In "Editor Welcome"
we’ve been talking a lot about Nina Simone lately without actually talking about her
In "Columns"
12 Theatrical Ways to Spend Valentine’s Day
In "Arts & Culture"
Tagged: chicago music scene, Meshell Ndegeocello, women artists, women in music, women on stage
Karen Hawkins
Karen Hawkins is the Founder and Rebelle in Chief of Rebellious Magazine. She is a recovering mainstream media reporter and editor who wants to thank her former boss for naming the online magazine she's... More by Karen Hawkins | [
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] |
Recovering Data from Disks with Missing Partitions
In this article, we’ll discuss the different approaches to recover files from disks with missing partitions, messed up partition tables and/or MBR record.
The Missing Partition
How can you end up with a hard drive having no valid partitions? In fact, it’s easier than one might think. Experiments with alternative operating systems (Ubuntu is the current leader), worn or corrupted hard drives, (rarely) malware activities and (frequently) user actions can and do cause severe damage to the disk’s system structures.
Fortunately, due to the way the operating system is handling the data, your chance of ruining your entire disk or partition are pretty low – unless you spend time and effort deliberately destroying information. More often than not, you will be able to recover the missing data in one way or another. Let’s have a look at your options.
Option 1: File Carving
If you followed our blog, you may already know that today’s data recovery algorithms have gone a long way in recovering information from storage media with missing (or damaged) system structures. As a reminder, data recovery tools such as RS Partition Recovery will scan the disk surface in low level attempting to locate known types of files by detecting their characteristic signatures.
While this approach is great as a last resort, it’s not without its limitations. First, the file names will likely be lost. Second, fragmented files won’t be recovered (you’ll only get the first fragment). Third, while modern data recovery tools can carve for several hundred file formats, they still can’t recover all types of files. Many, but not all. As a result, you’ll be better off using the file system… if you can find one.
Option 2: Carving for Partitions
Fortunately, some of the better data recovery tools out there recognize the limitations imposed by signature-search recovery, and offer a more advanced option. However, the procedure is a bit complex, so let’s have a deeper look at what will be happening if you use RS Partition Recovery to recover your data.
Step 1: Adding the Physical Device
When recovering information from a storage device with missing partitions, you’ll need to specify that device first. Note that adding a physical device is different from adding a logical disk, volume or drive letter. As a rule of thumb, there will be NO DRIVE LETTERS AVAILABLE for hard drives with missing partitions. Use the following window to add a physical device:
Step 2: Carving Partitions
Correctly executing this step is extremely important for recovering your information. If the tool is able to correctly identify your original partitions and locate the original file system, you may be able to recover all or most of your data completely – even if your disk was fragmented.
Read more: Recover a damaged Windows profile
In order to understand how the carving process works, let’s first have a look at what happens if you attempt to install Ubuntu onto a Windows hard drive.
A typical Windows hard drive is partitioned into several volumes. If we’re talking about a system disk that contains Windows itself, first comes system reserved space.
A “System Reserved” partition is created by Windows 7, 8 and later versions (including Windows Server 2008 R2 and newer) when they are installed on a clean disk. Earlier versions of Windows don’t use System Reserved partitions; however, many manufacturers used to have a Recovery Partition in its place containing a recovery image allowing users to perform a factory reset of their computer. Note that neither of these partitions has a drive letter assigned to them, so you can only see them if you use the Disk Management applet or a similar tool. Windows 7 reserves 100 MB, while Windows 8 uses 350 MB of system reserved space.
The content of System Reserved partitions is out of scope of this article. What you should know, however, is the fact that these partitions are created at the very beginning of the disk, and that they can serve as a buffer when your disk is repartitioned by an alternative OS.
When you install an alternative OS such as Ubuntu, the thing will create its own partitions. Normally there will be at least two new partitions, a root partition and a swap partition, and sometimes a separate /boot partition. In other words, your original Windows partition structure will be messed up, with new partitions replacing the old ones.
The new partitions will have their own file systems (ext3 or ext4 are common with Linux-based systems), and the new OS will store files in these partitions, thus irrecoverably overwriting some of your data. Fortunately, the new data will be stored at the beginning of a new partition, so System Reserved space will be overwritten first, and then most probably the original Windows system files will be overwritten. Why is this good news? Because your files are likely stored somewhere towards the middle of the disk, right after Windows system files, hibernation file, page file, and any applications you installed. As a results, most of your data will likely remain recoverable.
Read more: Recovering Data from Failed Samsung EVO SSD’s
Getting back to recovering the original partitions, RS Partition Recovery will scan the disk and apply signature-search techniques, only this time it won’t be looking for your files. Instead, it’ll look for characteristic signatures identifying known file systems such as FAT32 and NTFS. The chance of finding a working copy of the file system is pretty high, as NTFS maintains a backup copy of its Master File Table (MFT) somewhere towards the middle of the disk. If Partition Recovery can locate a working copy of a file system, it will display the list of logical partitions, allowing you to add them into the list of recoverable partitions:
Step 3: Recovering Files
The rest is fairly easy. At this step, you’ll perform the actual recovery, as in looking for files and recovering them onto a new storage device. If RS Partition Recovery was able to discover a copy of the original file system, the tool will not need to resort to file carving in order to recover the files. Instead, you’ll be browsing through the file and folders structure of the deleted partition in an Explorer-like interface:
Please note that most likely you won’t be able to simply “restore” the original partition structure, as some data is irreversibly overwritten. As a result, even if you were able to return all the original system structures, you would end up with an unbootable, unusable system. Instead, we recommend extracting your files and settings such as documents, pictures, emails, browser bookmarks and similar data.
In Windows, user data is typically stored in the “C:\Users\” folder and its subfolders. This folder contains documents (“c:\Users\YourUserName\Documents”), your browser bookmarks (“c:\Users\YourUserName\Favorites”), your address book (“c:\Users\YourUserName\Contacts”), anything you place on the desktop (“c:\Users\YourUserName\Desktop”), as well as music, saved games, pictures, and application settings. In addition, this folder contains a copy of user-specific part of the Windows Registry, which may also contain some usable information.
When you are finished copying your files, spend some time checking the data you have saved. Do your pictures show up in the viewer? Can you open all of your documents? Are any important files missing or corrupted? If you can’t find some information, you can perform a thorough scan of the original disk, this time using signature search to detect and recover any remaining files. | [
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] |
Normal is Over-Rated
Posted on April 29, 2020 by Debbie Reed, Ph.D.
For those of you impatiently waiting for stay-at-home orders to be lifted, for the curve to flatten and the pandemic to become yesterday’s news so that things can get back to normal . . . it’s not going to happen. Oh sure, businesses will start to reopen, and at some point the pandemic will cease to be headline news, but what we fondly remember as “normal” is simply not going to return. I’m certainly not the first person to make this observation, but here’s the part I haven’t heard discussed as much: That’s okay. Normal is over-rated!
Normal is about routine . . . ordinary . . . predictable. Sure, normal is comfortable. Normal gives you a sense of competence. You know what to do, how things are going to work and there is an “auto-pilot” feel to your days that can be reassuring. That’s not necessarily a bad thing. That’s just not what leadership is about.
Leadership is about stretching and growing . . . challenging and innovating . . . finding new ways to expand your mission impact. It is certainly not predictable, it is often uncomfortable, and autopilot is not an option. Leadership is about looking for the opportunities in the midst of the storm and motivating your people to capitalize them. It is about re-envisioning how to carry out your strategic goals amidst ever-changing variables. Done well, it can build a can-do spirit and sense of team among your people that will allow you to accomplish things that would have seemed impossible in the midst of “normal”.
The key to moving beyond normal, to break away from the status quo, is to be crystal clear on your organization’s mission and your strategic goals. Sometimes it might feel easier, or safer, to default to what “everyone else” is doing. There is nothing wrong with being aware of how other organizations are responding to a situation, but if that is the rationale for your actions then you are working in support of their goals not your own.
What if, instead of defaulting to the “what everyone else is doing” sense of normal, you intentionally define and communicate what is “normal” for your organization? Maybe normal in your organization means that you are always changing and growing. Maybe normal means that you turn to your people for innovative solutions. Maybe normal is that the goal isn’t to follow the crowd but to be driven by the mission.
If your job is to lead an organization with a distinctive mission, and a unique set of circumstances, gifts and graces, why would you aspire to respond to a situation like everyone else? You’re a leader. Re-write the rules.
Normal is over-rated. | [
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Top 5 Movies by Martin Scorsese
By Reels Rated October 24, 2021 3 Mins Read
Martin Scorsese is undoubtedly a legend in the history of cinema. The last of the golden era, Scorsese has carved out a name in the highest altars of cinema. With the Academy awarding him an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement, Scorsese might just be a term for good cinema now. Here are the top 5 films by Martin Scorsese.
Mean Streets (1973)
Goodfellas (1990)
Raging Bull (1980)
Taxi Driver (1976)
Scorsese’s breakthrough film was Mean Streets. He had previously been a small-time director who primarily made dramas. But that changed with the release of this modest picture with a non-famous cast. Mean Streets also introduced an actor by the name of Robert de Niro to the notice of the film business. Mean Streets was a drama about shame, sin, loyalty, and friendship centred on Charlie (Harvey Keitel), a Catholic who works for the Italian Mafia, and his companion Johnny Boy (Robert De Niro), a gambling addict with several obligations to loan sharks.
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Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the best gangster films of all time. While The Godfather trilogy dealt with family, treachery, and humanity, Goodfellas offers us the full shebang. It provides us with the clothes, the vehicles, the Italian cuisine, and the glitz and glam of being a mafia boss. That entire film contains more legendary moments than the entire filmography of most directors. The ‘funny man’ moment, the stroll inside the restaurant, the pistol whip on the neighbour, and the shine box sequence are all memorable. One of the greatest triumphs in cinema, it has had an impact on all levels of culture, from Tarantino films to The Sopranos.
Colin Sullivan is a detective of the Massachusetts State Police. He has climbed through the ranks to become the head of a specialised department. Frank Costello, a crime network boss and Sullivan’s principal objective, is the major public adversary. Sullivan, on the other hand, is a paid informant for Costello, providing him with information on police raids and other helpful information. Billy Costigan, on the other hand, works for Costello. He is, however, an undercover cop who is spying on Costello. Both eventually realise that there is a rat in their organisation, but they don’t sure who it is. A dangerous cat-and-mouse game follows, with both attempting to unmask the other without being found.
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Jake LaMotta is a prizefighter when he enters a boxing ring and annihilates his opponent. When he treats his family and friends in the same manner, he becomes a ticking time bomb, ready to detonate at any moment. Though LaMotta desires his family’s affection, something constantly seems to stand in the way. It might be his violent episodes of paranoia and envy. This type of fury helped him become a champion, but in real life, he ends himself in the ring by himself.
Travis Bickle is a lonely, impotent, and insomniac ex-marine who spends his evenings driving his cab around the dark streets of New York City in the mid-1970s. Travis is fed up with the world in which he finds himself, hoping for a “genuine rain to come and wash all the muck off the streets.” However, Travis’s nature prevents him from connecting with almost anybody until he falls in love with a blonde campaign worker named Betsy and subsequently encounters an adolescent prostitute named Iris. As Travis becomes increasingly anxious about his circumstances, he begins to perceive the connections he forms as ‘missions’ for which he will need to be the rescuer.
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] | [
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] |
Rare Civil War Portrait Tintype Photograph Full Plate 8 x 6.5'' Framed & Fine
Up for sale is a rare full plate tintype photograph depicting a Civil War soldier in uniform. The plate measures 8 x 6.5 inches while its original wood frame measures 13.5 x 11.5 inches. The photograph is then hand embellished with subtle coloring adding soft pink facial tones and gold buttons also adding a fine light texturing to the plates surface. The condition of the photograph is overall very good with just a small knick under the sitters left eye and of course discoloration and imperfections to its matting and frame. The images provided accurately represent the quality, condition and aesthetic beauty of this rare piece of American Civil War history but if you have any questions please feel free to ask prior to purchasing!
We specialize in fine art from the Renaissance to Contemporary dealing with a plethora of past artists which include Pablo Picasso, Diego Giacometti, Edward Curtis, Alfred Mitchell, Banksy and even Bob Ross. All works of art and objects of value are professionally packed to ensure a safe arrival to you, thank you for your interest! This item is in the category "Collectibles\Militaria\Civil War (1861-65)\Original Period Items\Photographs". The seller is "henningfineart" and is located in this country: US.
This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, Korea, South, Indonesia, Taiwan, South Africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Republic of, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei Darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French Guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macau, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Vietnam, Uruguay.
Featured Refinements: Civil War Tintype | [
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Rehab Anaheim
Signs of Wine Addiction
Wine is a common and popular alcoholic beverage. Most bottles of wine contain 12 to 15% alcohol by volume. Drinking wine occasionally, and in small amounts, is not harmful. In fact, it even has a number of benefits, including improving heart health and curbing cholesterol levels. Red wines, in particular, are rich sources of a plant compound called resveratrol, which has antioxidant properties. It can protect your body from the stressors that cause diseases like cancer. However, because of its…
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6yKQRqWxVQ | [
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William “Bill” Evans
Apr 27, 1966 - Jan 27, 2022
William “Bill” Evans, age 55 of Sheboygan died Tuesday, January 25, 2022. Bill is survived by his daughter Rebecca Grunow of Sheboygan, son Andrew Grunow of Sheboygan sisters Dottie Asbury and Jennie Mominee and a brother Jimmy Evans. Bill is further survived by his niece Taylor Kappers, nephew Brandon Housey and special friends Christine “Tina” (Dean) Frankovis, Brett Alden and Gloria McAlpin.
Bill was preceded in death by his parents.
Services will be held at a later date.
There are no guestbook entries. | [
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A sinking fund is how you save up for a specific large expense that you know will come in the future. In personal finance, it can be saving up for a new car, a down payment on a house, replacing the roof or HVAC system, etc.
In business finance it can be whatever your business will need in the future that you won’t be able to cover without planning ahead. For example, moving into a larger retail space, adding a vehicle to your fleet, upgrading equipment or machinery, etc. All of these are major purchases that you won’t be able to cover without planning ahead and saving up for them.
Ideally, you keep your sinking fund in a completely separate account. It can be another checking account or a savings account. You can have one account for multiple sinking funds or completely separate accounts if you need multiple sinking funds. But the point is to set aside money because you planned ahead. This makes you much stronger financially and this can make all the difference in the long-term health of your business.
If You’re Not Failing from Time to Time, You’re Not Trying Hard Enough | [
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Remote LLM Tasker, Contract - Data Analytics
Remotasks
Help train generative AI models by creating 'commands' and answer those 'commands' using a sample dataset in Google Sheets
Example of creative 'commands' that you could create and answer in these tasks:
'Calculate the Total Tax Rate per year from Year 1 to Year 20'
'Create a graph showing Total Value per year'
'Use Conditional Formatting to highlight rows where the Annual Tax owed is above $7,000,000'
You'd have:
Strong english skills
Ability to work flexible hours
Experience with Google Sheets and the following sheets functions and features
Vlookup or Index/Match
Pay & Duration:
Compensation: ~$12 per hour (actual hourly rate will fluctuate based on how many tasks you complete)
Bonuses are typically paid our for completing more than 20 tasks in a day and/or 100 tasks in a week
Location: Remote (must be authorized to work in your region). Authorized regions listed below:
US States:Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wyoming
Countries:Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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CreateApe, inc.
Remote Junior Product Manager | [
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HomeRenascent BlogAddictions and Mental HealthMatt’s Story: “It’s About Not Letting the Bad Emotions Rule my Day”
Matt’s Story: “It’s About Not Letting the Bad Emotions Rule my Day”
Renascent Staff | February 2, 2023
“Recovery took a guy who was ready to give up and showed me that I have a life worth living,” says Matt.
As someone who assumed he’d “die an alcoholic,” he didn’t have much hope for recovery. “I drank heavily for 20 years,” he says. “When I was 42, nothing would stop me. Not my job, my doctor, my family. Everyone I knew suggested treatment.
I resisted for a long time. And when I finally ran out of excuses, I ended up at Renascent.”
The early days of treatment were tough. “I had a lot of anger and sadness and rage going into treatment,” Matt shares. “I’ve since learned that childhood trauma, addiction, and mental health go hand in hand. When I opened up to the counselling staff about things that happened in the past, I stopped fighting and being angry. I started to listen and understand I wasn’t alone.
Through the counsellors, I was able to unpack my anger and find hope,” shares Matt. With Renascent’s clinical team being in recovery themselves, Matt says “I thought if they could do it, then I could do it.”
Today, Matt contributes to that open dialogue by being of service to others. Involved with the Renascent Paul J. Sullivan Alumni Committee since its inception, he often reconnects with others in recovery and supports those currently in treatment. “I want to reassure them and comfort them,” he says. “People in the house are not going to listen to people they don’t know. I show real recovery. They can identify with me.”
He also finds solace in practicing mindfulness, prayer and meditation.
“I reflect a lot,” Matt says. “It’s about looking at myself in a moment of anger and thinking, ‘I have been way angrier than this, and if I can make it through that, I can make it though this.’ It’s about not letting the bad emotions rule my day.”
“We all have our own challenges,” he concludes, “and my life isn’t sunshine and rainbows every day. But now I’m calm, I’m a father, I’m a friend. I’ve learned healthy coping techniques. I no longer need alcohol, and I have a strong program to fall back on.
Recovery has changed my life.” | [
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GENE EDITING IN PIGS
Tanihara, Fuminori Tokushima University|Jichi Medical University KAKEN Search Researchers
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)
Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)
Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)
Genetically modified animals, especially rodents, are widely used in biomedical research. However, non-rodent models are required for efficient translational medicine and preclinical studies. Owing to the similarity in the physiological traits of pigs and humans, genetically modified pigs may be a valuable resource for biomedical research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified somatic cells has been the primary method for the generation of genetically modified pigs. However, site-specific gene modification in porcine cells is inefficient and requires laborious and time-consuming processes. Recent improvements in gene-editing systems, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system, represent major advances. The efficient introduction of site-specific modifications into cells via gene editors dramatically reduces the effort and time required to generate genetically modified pigs. Furthermore, gene editors enable direct gene modification during embryogenesis, bypassing the SCNT procedure. The application of gene editors has progressively expanded, and a range of strategies is now available for porcine gene engineering. This review provides an overview of approaches for the generation of genetically modified pigs using gene editors, and highlights the current trends, as well as the limitations, of gene editing in pigs.
Society for Reproduction and Development
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
10.1262/jrd.2021-025
https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2021-025
jrd_67_3_177.pdf 1.23 MB | [
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Economics of penaeid culture in the Americas
Griffin, Wade
Lawrence, Addison
Johns, Michael
Shrimp culture in the Americas began in the early 1970's and has experienced rapid growth in some Latin American countries. Currently, Latin America produces one-third of all cultured shrimp with Ecuador as the leading country in the world. Availability of postlarvae and a favorable year-round climate have been the most important factors causing a "Gold Rush" expansion in Ecuador. The long-term potential for shrimp mariculture in Latin America is promising. Projections for 1990 production of cultured shrimp by Latin American countries are between 60,000-70,000 metric tons (mt). Shrimp culture in the United States has begun with the entry of a few small firms.
In this paper, investment and production costs are examined for a semi-intensive farm that purchases postlarvae and operates in the southern United States. Total investment decreases as pond size increases for a given size facility. Investment per kilogram of annual average production ranges from just under US $20.00 for a 20-surface ha farm using 2-ha ponds to $80.00 for a 400-ha system using 20-ha ponds. Operation costs per kilogram decline as the size of the system and the size of the ponds increase. It costs $10.10 to produce one kilogram of shrimp on a 20-surface ha farm using 2-ha ponds compared to $5.50 on a 400-surface ha farm using 20-ha ponds.
In comparing the operation of a semi-intensive 200-ha farm in Ecuador with a similar farm in the United States, costs of production were $3.12 and $5.83 per kilogram, respectively. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) was 59% in Ecuador and 21% in the United States. These IRR's were calculated under the assumption that production, costs and prices received are constant over the investment period (10 years) considered. When risk and timing of investment are considered, these IRR's are reduced.
Griffin, W., Lawrence, A., and Johns, M. (1985). Economics of penaeid culture in the Americas. In Taki Y., Primavera J.H. and Llobrera J.A. (Eds.). Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, 4-7 December 1984, Iloilo City, Philippines (pp. 151-160). Iloilo City, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Aquaculture economics; Aquaculture systems; Costs; Shrimp culture; Penaeidae; USA | [
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Variants of the CD40 ligand gene are not associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africa.
Campbell, Sarah J; Sabeti, Pardis; Fielding, Katherine; Sillah, Jackson; Bah, Boubacar; Gustafson, Per; Manneh, Kebba; Lisse, Ida; Sirugo, Giorgio; Bellamy, Richard; +6 more... Bennett, Steve; Aaby, Peter; McAdam, Keith PWJ; Bah-Sow, Oumou; Lienhardt, Christian; Hill, Adrian VS; (2003) Variants of the CD40 ligand gene are not associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africa. Immunogenetics, 55 (7). pp. 502-507. ISSN 0093-7711 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0602-9
Evidence for linkage between tuberculosis and human chromosomal region Xq26 has previously been described. The costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand, encoded by TNFSF5 and located at Xq26.3, is a promising positional candidate. Interactions between CD40 ligand and CD40 are involved in the development of humoral- and cell-mediated immunity, as well as the activation of macrophages, which are the primary host and effector cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We hypothesised that common variation within TNFSF5 might affect susceptibility to tuberculosis disease and, thus, might be responsible for the observed linkage to Xq26. Sequencing 32 chromosomes from a Gambian population identified nine common polymorphisms within the coding, 3' and 5' regulatory sequences of the gene. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a 3' microsatellite were genotyped in 121 tuberculosis patients and their available parents. No association with tuberculosis was detected for these variants using a transmission disequilibrium test, although one SNP at -726 showed some evidence of association in males. This finding, however, did not replicate in a separate case control study of over 1,200 West African individuals. We conclude that common genetic variation in TNFSF5 is not likely to affect tuberculosis susceptibility in West Africa and the linkage observed in this region is not due to variation in TNFSF5.
tuberculosis, genetic susceptibility, polymorphism, CD40 ligand, Risk-factors, cd154, expression
Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health > Dept of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
TB Centre
Tropical Epidemiology Group | [
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] |
Agency Problem
What Is the Agency Problem?
The agency problem is a conflict of interest that arises when one party, known as the agent, acts on behalf of another party, known as the principal. The agent has an incentive to act in their own best interests rather than those of the principal. This can lead to decisions being made which are not necessarily in line with what would be most beneficial for the principal.
For example, if a company hires an executive who is given stock options as part of their compensation package then there may be incentives for them to make decisions which benefit themselves more than they do the company and its shareholders. In this case it could mean taking risks or making investments which have higher potential rewards but also carry greater risk. If these risky investments fail then it will be at the expense of both shareholders and other stakeholders such as employees and customers. To mitigate against this type of behavior companies often put measures in place such as performance reviews or bonus structures linked directly to success metrics so that executives are incentivized to make decisions based on what is best for all parties involved rather than just themselves.
Common Methods Adopted to Avoid the Agency Problem
The agency problem is a conflict of interest between the principal and agent in an agency relationship. The principal, or owner, has certain goals that they want to achieve through the actions of their agent. However, the interests of the two parties may not always be aligned. To avoid this problem, there are several common methods adopted by companies:
See also Co-Signer
First, firms can use incentive-based compensation plans for agents to ensure that their interests are aligned with those of the company’s owners. This could include stock options or bonuses based on performance metrics such as profits or return on investment (ROI). Additionally, boards of directors should have independent members who represent shareholders’ interests and monitor management decisions. Companies can also implement internal controls such as audits and reviews to ensure compliance with regulations and policies set forth by ownership. Finally, corporate governance structures should be established which clearly define roles and responsibilities within an organization so that everyone understands what is expected from them in terms of decision making authority and accountability for results achieved.
By implementing these measures companies can reduce potential conflicts between principals and agents while ensuring that all stakeholders benefit from any business transactions conducted by either party involved in an agency relationship.
Average Return
Slashing
Advance/Decline Line (A/D Line)
MilliBitcoin
BEP-2 (Binance Chain Tokenization Standard)
Hybrid PoW/PoS
Stagflation
Annualized Rate of Return
Authority Masternode (VeChain)
Previous: Affiliate Marketing
Next: Agency Theory | [
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Responsible investing called lucrative and safe
By Peter Merrick
Over the last decade, I have worked with hundreds of corporations, non-government organizations, families, and individuals to help them to invest their money so they can create a better future.
I have learned through experience that in reality, money is something we have chosen to trade our life energy for.
In the last 50 years, money has dematerialized from paper into electrical pulses of 0s and 1s, with trillions of dollars swirling around the world every minute.
The truth is, when we invest our money, we are really casting a vote on the type of future we want to create. When North Americans poured billions into Asian markets in the early 1990s, world attention focused on the potential of the Asian tiger.
In the late 1990s tech was the focus. Perhaps the reasons for the collapse of both those investing fads were that they were based on greed and fear, not long-term sustainable financial planning.
We are living through an exciting, challenging and most critical time in human history. Never before has so much been possible, and never before has so much been at stake. Around us are environmental, social and economic crises, along with extreme geopolitical tensions. It is evident that the roots of these crises lie with us-our materialism, our yearning for power, our love of money-and our fear of each other.
I am an optimist-if I wasn’t, my wife and I would not have brought four wonderful children into this world. I believe we can do good for society with our investments and do well financially at the same time. Most of us would prefer to invest in companies that share the same values we do if only we could outpace the S&P 500 or TSX at the same time. Now that goal has become more than an ephemeral New Year’s resolution.
Yet the fact is, investing that reflects investors’ values is both possible and profitable. Socially responsible investing, once largely dismissed as a novelty for the politically correct, is now considered a smart and lucrative way to make money in the long run.
If you feel this way, you are not alone. Toronto-born Paul Ray, a sociologist, and his wife Sherry Anderson, a psychologist, now living in California, drew upon 13 years of survey research studies on 100,000 adults to find that as at the year 2000, there were 50 million people in the United States and 90 million in the European Union who would identify themselves as culturally creative. According to Ray and Anderson, what makes someone so is being an “individual who cares deeply about ecology and saving the planet, about relationships, peace, social justice, and self-actualization, spirituality, and self-expression.” Such individuals have a burning desire to have their values reflected in their careers, investments, and community.
The ranks of cultural creatives have been growing by leaps and bounds over the last 50 years. They want their money managers and financial advisors investment processes to be by any standards rigorous and demanding. But they want one more element put into the mix. They want to invest in responsible companies.
Socially responsible investing is about striking an appropriate balance: finding that golden meaning between a life that neither bows down to money nor neglects financial responsibilities; getting a good return for yourself without forgetting about others.
On May 2, 2005, my good friend and mentor Bob Hunter, one of the founders of Greenpeace died of cancer at the age of 63. You might remember Bob as the quirky guy who used to read the newspaper in his bathrobe on Toronto’s City TV Breakfast Television. Bob’s indomitable spirit fired the direct action mode of the environment protection movement and created Greenpeace. In March of 1976, Bob and Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace, stood on an ice floe off the coast of Labrador as a large sealing ship approached them. The ice cracked and split beneath their feet as Watson said to Bob, “when it splits, I’ll jump to the left and you to the right.” Bob looked straight ahead and calmly said, “I’m not going anywhere.”
Because he stayed, Watson stayed and the two of them brought that seal killing ship to a dead stop.
Bob Hunter’s life showed that each of us can make a difference. One way we can do this is by acting on the belief that there is absolutely no conflict between doing what is right by investing in companies that respect the environment, treat their employees well, and conduct their business ethically while earning a good solid return. Plus, this type of investing just feels better.
Peter Merrick
Peter Merrick, FMA, CFP, FCSI, Instructor at George Brown and Seneca Colleges, President of Merrick Wealth Management, a boutique financial planning, employee and executive benefit consulting firm.
View all posts by Peter Merrick
Financial planning for business owners
Are you a financially intelligent parent? | [
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Inicio > Diagnóstico y manejo odontológico del paciente infantil con displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica: Síndrome de Christ Siemens Touraine > Comentarios del lector/a > _Movies
_Movies
por Lance Lantz (2021-10-09)
Sub-industries of pre-current industries might deal particularly with movie, such as product placement and different promoting inside movies. In the United States, much of the movie trade is centered around Hollywood, California. Other regional centers exist in lots of components of the world, similar to Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films on the planet. Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to pay attention beneath the auspices of film studios, recent advances in affordable film making gear have allowed unbiased film productions to flourish. James Monaco wrote a classic text on film theory, titled "How to Read a Film," that addresses this. This describes one other principle of film, the one hundred eighty-diploma rule, as a visual story-telling system with an ability to position a viewer in a context of being psychologically present by way of using visible composition and editing.
A film, additionally referred to as a movie, motion picture or shifting picture, is a work of visible art used to simulate experiences that talk ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, magnificence, or atmosphere through the usage of moving photographs. These pictures are usually accompanied by sound, and extra rarely, other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema", brief for cinematography, is commonly used to discuss with filmmaking and the movie industry, and to the artwork type that's the results of it.
Some examples of the genres include Animation, Classics, Musical, Special Interest, Family, Indie, Suspense, TV Movie, and Western. "IMDb is thought for its complete database of film info and trailers, nevertheless it also has a number of free motion pictures and TV shows." Kayla Dube has four+ years' experience in videography and filmmaking. Our Most Popular charts use information from the search conduct of IMDb's greater than 250 million month-to-month distinctive guests to rank the hottest, most buzzed about films and TV reveals.
24 frames per second were chosen as a result of it was the slowest velocity which allowed for sufficient sound high quality. The soundtrack could be recorded separately from taking pictures the film, but for reside-motion footage, many components of the soundtrack are usually recorded concurrently. The needed steps for nearly any film could be boiled all the way down to conception, planning, execution, revision, and distribution. The more involved the production, the extra important each of the steps becomes. In a typical manufacturing cycle of a Hollywood-fashion film, these main levels are outlined as development, pre-production, manufacturing, submit-manufacturing and distribution.
The film, released on November 21, 2018, additionally options many visible references to Pixar and its films. Additionally, Andrew Stanton acquired a "Narrative Guru" credit score. Mary Poppins Returns includes a sequence combining reside-motion and traditional hand-drawn animation.
The word, "Talkies," refers back to the earliest sound films created to have audible dialogue recorded for playback along with the film, regardless of a musical accompaniment. "Cinema" either broadly encompasses both films and movies, or it is roughly synonymous with movie and theatrical exhibition, and both are capitalized when referring to a class of art. The "silver screen" refers back to the projection display used to exhibit films and, by extension, can also be used as a metonym for the entire movie business. The impact of a reviewer on a given movie's box office efficiency is a matter of debate.
Film is used for a spread of goals, including education and propaganda. When the purpose is primarily instructional, a film is known as an "educational film". Examples are recordings of academic lectures and experiments, or a movie primarily based on a basic novel. Film could also be propaganda, in complete or in part, such because the films made by Leni Riefenstahl in Nazi Germany, US warfare film trailers throughout World War II, or inventive films made underneath Stalin by Sergei Eisenstein. They may be works of political protest, as within the films of Andrzej Wajda, or extra subtly, the films of Andrei Tarkovsky.
Various New Wave movements and the rise of film-faculty-educated impartial filmmakers contributed to the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the twentieth century. Digital technology has been the driving drive for change all through the Nineteen Nineties and into the 2000s. Digital 3D projection largely changed earlier problem-prone 3D movie methods and has become popular within the early 2010s.
Thrown into the glamorous world, she has to make selections that will boost her career however could leave other elements of her life severely missing. Simply go to the Yidio website and begin the search for a movie. Like impartial filmmaking, open supply filmmaking takes place outdoors Hollywood, or other major studio methods.
When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is considered at a velocity of sixteen or more frames per second, there may be an phantasm of steady motion . Generating such a movie may be very labor-intensive and tedious, although the development of laptop animation has greatly sped up the method. Because animation could be very time-consuming and often very costly to supply, the vast majority of animation for TV and films comes from professional animation studios.
Later, when theaters added more screens or new theaters were constructed with lots of screens, all totally different trailers were proven even if they weren't going to play that movie in that theater. Film studios realized that the more trailers that had been shown (even if it wasn't going to be shown in that specific theater) the extra patrons would go to a special theater to see the film when it came out. The time period "trailer" comes from their having originally been proven at the end of a film program. That practice did not last lengthy as a result of patrons tended to depart the theater after the movies ended, however the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the "A movie" in a double function program) begins. Film trailers are also widespread on DVDs and Blu-ray Discs, as well as on the Internet and mobile devices. | [
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Group of 20 vows to avoid currency devaluations
G - 20
By KELLY OLSEN, AP Business Writer – 21 mins ago
GYEONGJU, South Korea – The world’s leading advanced and emerging countries vowed Saturday to avoid potentially debilitating currency devaluations, aiming to quell trade tensions that could threaten the global recovery.
The Group of 20 also agreed to give developing nations more say at the International Monetary Fund, part of what it described as an ambitious set of proposals to reform the IMF governance.
The grouping, which accounts for about 85 percent of the global economy, said in a statement that it will “move towards more market determined exchange rate systems” and “refrain from competitive devaluation of currencies.”
The agreement comes amid fears that nations were on the verge of a so-called currency war in which they would devalue currencies to gain an export advantage over competitors — causing a rise in protectionism and damaging the global economy.
“Our cooperation is essential,” the statement said. “We are all committed to play our part in achieving strong, sustainable and balanced growth in a collaborative and coordinated way.”
The agreement, which includes no specific numerical commitments, appeared to be a step forward from a similar meeting two weeks ago in Washington when finance officials failed to resolve differences.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner had pushed in a letter to G-20 members for a commitment to polices that would reduce current account and trade imbalances “below a specified share” of gross domestic product “over the next few years.”
The statement said that large imbalances — such as China’s vast trade surplus with the rest of the world — would be “assessed against indicative guidelines to be agreed.” Geithner’s proposal had drawn resistance from export-reliant countries such as Japan which called it “unrealistic.”
The G-20 statement came at the end of a meeting of G-20 finance ministers and central bank governors held ahead of a summit of leaders next month.
South Korean Minister of Strategy and Finance Yoon Jeung-hyun expressed satisfaction with the accord.
“A lot of people raise questions with respect to the effectiveness of the G20 framework,” he told reporters. But he emphasized that the G-20 is making a “significant contribution” by achieving its goals for bolstering theworld economy.
UPDATE 1-G20 to vow to avoid “competitive devaluation” (reuters.com)
G20 to vow to avoid “competitive devaluation” (reuters.com)
G-20 to Pledge to Refrain From Competitive Devaluation (businessweek.com)
G-20 to Avoid Competitive Devaluation, Back Market Currencies (businessweek.com)
CORRECTED- G20 to pledge to avoid “competitive devaluation” (reuters.com)
This entry was posted on October 23, 2010 at 3:42 PM and is filed under Economic Upheavals. Tagged: Devaluation, Exchange rate, G-20 major economies, International Monetary Fund. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site. | [
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Geoffrey Robertson
President and Treasurer
Geoff Robertson is the Director of Business Assistance at the Vermont Sustainable Jobs Fund, a non-profit, economic development focused organization where he manages a suite of services focused on growing Vermont companies and serves as the Managing Director of the Accel-VT startup accelerator. Prior to VSJF, Geoff held the position of CEO at Empower Mobility, a mobile software development company, and was the CFO at School Spring, LLC, a cloud based recruitment and applicant tracking system for K–12 schools. He previously served as a management consultant at Davis & Hodgdon CPAs in Williston, VT.
Geoff serves as a Director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and as a Director of the Owl Research Institute. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in community development and applied economics and Master of Business Administration, both from the University of Vermont. | [
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Richard Banfield
Design Your Leadership to Live Beyond You
These notes formed the basis for a chapter on leadership styles from my previous book, Design Leadership: How Top Design Leaders Build and Grow Successful Organizations published by O’Reilly Books in January 2016.
Leading with the End in Mind, Even When it Doesn’t Include You
“Patient.” Says Steven Fitzgerald from Habanero Consulting Group based in Vancouver when asked about his leadership style. “I’ve realized over time that I’m very oriented around thinking about things in the long term. We didn’t want to create a lifestyle organization.” In an era where companies are thinking about multiple bottom lines and how they can “make a dent in the Universe” it’s apparent that design leadership also needs a bigger goal than just a paycheck or an award. “There’s nothing wrong with that. I’m not trying to portray lifestyle businesses as a negative thing but we feel that there’s a change to be made in the world that Habanero can play an important role in. It’s not going to happen in 10 or 20 years. It’s going to happen in the longer term. Unfortunately, I won’t be suitable for this role for that period of time.”
“There’s going to be a lot of turnover and change and evolution and growth. We need to build an organization that will last a really long time.”
Fitzgerald’s attitude is common amongst successful service design leaders. Unlike product companies that have a clear path to an exit, service companies tend to be in it for the long term. Acquisitions and IPO’s are a rare outcome for service businesses. This gives their leadership fewer options and counterintuitively more focus on strategies to deliver long term value to their clients. “There’s going to be a lot of turnover and change and evolution and growth. We need to build an organization that will last a really long time.” Says Fitzgerald, “We put a lot of thought into organizational sustainability. I always think about you’re building an edifice for people to come and practice in your culture and share your ideas.”
He uses the metaphor to make his point. Fitzgerald imagines he’s creating a building with really thick walls with a high point that reached up to the sky. “It would be a beautiful place for people to come and share ideas. We’re trying to build this organization in that way, not with any religious context but to make really thick, deep foundations, which is why we invest so heavily in things like hiring and things like that and culture and understanding our culture. We’re much more concerned about how things are unfolding in the long term and where we have to go. We have this sense of purpose and change we want to create in the world. We know it’s going to take a long time. I think that requires a lot of patience.”
Thinking long term is hard. Especially for young leaders that may be reacting to peer pressure to get big fast. “The older we get, the more patience we learn, and I think it’s done me personally a world of good.” Karim Marucchi of Crowd Favorite. “The younger you are, the more you want to go out there and attack, and get that client, and get that project out there.” Marucchi has had the benefit of working in several organizations, both big and small, and knows the value of patience. “You learn when you can say no, and when you can pass up a certain opportunity because you can find another one. You just learn how to deal with different points of stress better.” Marucchi has learned this lesson the hard way. Having personally stewarded 43 mergers and acquisitions in the agency space he’s well aware that patience is key to success. “In my career, I’ve made deals that were made purely for the immediate bottom line and there were deals that were made with the long-term value in mind. I prefer the latter.”
Uniquely The Same
No two design leaders we interviewed were the same. Their backgrounds, experiences, skills, genders, and cultural diversities made finding commonalities in styles difficult. In spite of this they all seemed to be striving for a singular common outcome — make their teams successful. “I think for me, my management style, it’s always in flux.” Says Alvarez, of Uncorked Studios “To be honest, I’m learning from the size changes that we’ve gone through. I’ve changed my one-on-one policy. I would do one-on-ones with my direct reports what for me felt like it was often enough, every four weeks, maybe five, maybe six. And now I’m doing weekly one-on-ones. I’ve been doing that for about a month and that was a big change. I was talking to another CEO friend of mine here in town. He told me ‘We do all the one-on-ones. We just schedule it all the same day.’ Whereas before I was scheduling my one-on-ones over a rolling six or seven day period. Now I do 25 minute one-on-ones Thursdays, every Thursday and they just go. From a schedule perspective it feels like I’m giving up an entire day every week but that’s not what actually it feels like on the other side of doing these meetings. If you’re having eight conversations, all on the same day, you’re aware of incidents and can respond to things real time.” Having such close contact with his team gives Alvarez the opportunity to help his team in immediate terms. Not having to wait for annual check-ins or reviews gives his team the opportunity to learn, teach and grow in ways that other organizations can only dream of.
For design leaders like Dan Mall at SuperFriendly in Philadelphia their leadership style fits into the operational model they have created. SuperFriendly uses the Hollywood model of team management to pull together ad hoc design teams for specific projects. Delivering on great work when you have a new team every project requires nerves of steel. So it seems appropriate that collecting talent for a time-boxed outcome is the job of a Director. “For the projects that I pull together, I’m the Director.” Says Mall of his role and leadership style, “I think that this [Hollywood] model scales really well in that I can create as many teams as I want to. The reason that I don’t have 100 teams running at once is that when I stretch myself too thin, it affects my directing ability. So I try to limit the amount of projects that I’m working on to only the things that I can be directly involved in. That way I can keep my focus on those projects. Knowing that the common thread in all SuperFriendly projects is me, I need to uphold that quality of all of those projects. If I can’t deliver that then I’m not really going to have good portfolio at work. I’m not going to be able to sell that work. So since I have to be that thread, I try to hold that thing to be as consistent as possible.”
“I’m not shy in making those things known, but I try to leave as much openness for the person that I’m hiring to bring their thing to the table, or their skill to the table.”
Directing projects requires both tactical and strategic leadership. Being clear about the outcomes of the project can’t be achieved by being holding your tongue. “I’m pretty direct on the stuff that I like to do and the visions that I have for projects.” Says Mall, “I’m not shy in making those things known, but I try to leave as much openness for the person that I’m hiring to bring their thing to the table, or their skill to the table. I find my job as more of a curator as just, how can find the people that are doing the best work? And how can I create enough space for them to do that work uninhibited? So some people want to be involved in the business side, some people just want to come into Photoshop and for both of those people my work is to help them do their jobs more effectively.” Whether you choose to see yourself as the Director on the set of a movie, like Mall, or the spiritual leader of your team, like LeVecchia, it’s essential to communicate exactly what you want from your team. Clear communication from the leader whilst encouraging clear communication in return is an obvious but rare skill amongst leaders.
Leaders Draw The Best From Others
If there’s one thread in the leadership style conversation it’s that helping others be better at their jobs is the primary concern of all our leaders. Giving their teams the mental and emotional tools to deal with tough situations and hard challenges is part of that territory. There’s no room for walking on eggshells in these situations. Leaders are expected to have a clear message for the team. What might not be that obvious is that helping others find their voice is as important as having a voice.
“There’s an element of radical honesty and I don’t mean that in the context of giving people feedback.” Says Libby Delana of Mechanica, “What I mean by that is to look at what are considered norms and putting those things through the filter of honesty. We ask ‘Do you have to continue to hold this as the way we should always do things?’ So it’s I guess it’s less about, ‘Here’s what we know to be true,’ and rather being radical honest and asking, ‘But do we have to believe that it’s true? And can we challenge those?’” When Delana reflects on how the people in her organization might describe her leadership style she comes up with “I think probably the language they would use would be optimistic, and empathetic.” She pauses for a long time, and unwittingly reinforces her thoughtfulness, “I think. It’s an interesting question.”
“Not all ideas come from a single source. I’m good at collecting ideas, listen to all sources and see what works.”
The ability to find the best in others means pushing them out of their familiar thinking. To move others to a new way of thinking is a cornerstone of making other more successful. Pulling them out from their comfort zones is the job of the design leader. “It’s collaborative.” Says John Torres, Digital Design Director at America’s Test Kitchen, “Not all ideas come from a single source. I’m good at collecting ideas, listen to all sources and see what works.” Torres who oversees a vast array of digital design properties and assets at the country’s most respected test kitchen realizes that collaboration isn’t about telling other what to do, “It has to be done in an understanding and respectful way. Respect for the team’s ideas. I try not to dismiss any ideas and remind myself that I’m not too good for anything.”
Death by Micromanagement
“Easygoing” Says Sarah Tesla from Make in Vancouver, which when contrasted with her intense eye contact and cross country motorbike stories hardly seems possible. Tesla who leads a digital design studio of 13 designers and developers, “I am not a micromanager at all. I really give people the space that they need to figure out what they’re doing and how they’re doing it. And, yeah, I sort of feel like everyone on my team is a bit of a counselor to me, in that sense.” Tesla allows the team to deliver on the details while she takes ownership of the big picture. “I keep the 10,000 feet view to give me perspective for myself. It helps me know when to step in and provide support if something’s going off the rails a bit, or if I just generally see someone who still needs a little bit of work to try and get to maybe a point of confidence that they’re lacking, or a skill that they’re still developing. If I have something to offer there, then I’ll step in and support however I can.”
Tesla is sensitive not to swoop in too often and come off as a micromanager. She tells the story of her creative director, whose previous roles were micromanaged. “He’d come in, he’d sit down, present an idea, and then it would be picked apart by his old boss. He always felt like he had that backseat driver. Over the shoulder type of management. He’s mentioned to me that it’s refreshing to be in an environment where that doesn’t happen. Where it feels more like a mutually respectful conversation about the outcome we’re trying to reach. If you have something valuable to offer, great, but you’re not going to just shit on my idea before we’ve had a chance to figure it out.” Tesla concludes with an insight that is true of all design businesses.”If you start a business and you’re one person, you kind of build around you the things that relate to your personality.” Personal styles influence leadership styles in so many ways. Successful leaders know which of their personal styles to nurture and which need to be changed.
“I want my team to know that I am willing to do anything that they are doing. I am not above anything. I’m not above any task.”
One might argue that the best way to present lead others to their success is to be the role model for that success. “Lead by example.” Warren Wilansky, founder of Plank in Montreal “That’s first and foremost way I see it. In other words, I want my team to know that I am willing to do anything that they are doing. I am not above anything. I’m not above any task. I want them to feel that I’m with them and I’m just as willing to do it. And I think by doing that people understand that leadership for me means not being separate from the team.” Wilansky goes on to explain that Plank has always been a really flat organization and that his CEO role might be considered a leader by default. “I happened to be there first. I have to be the one that’s the leader but it doesn’t mean that I’m above or beyond doing wherever anybody else is doing on our team.”
Empowering to be Powerful
Leadership styles might be complex and varied but underneath it all they all strive for the same outcome; getting the best out of the people you lead. Guiding people to being their best self is the role of the design leader. How they get there is almost always a deeply personal journey. “Sometimes it’s different for us girls.” Says Clockwork CEO Nancy Lyons, “We’ve had to embrace the word ‘bossy’ in the most positive of ways. The truth is uncomfortable but I love telling the truth. I’ve never really thought about myself in terms of leadership but because I tell the truth there’s leadership in that. I was working in a company that recognized me as the person that most wanted to follow. I wanted to contribute to a place that I wanted to work. I’d had too many experiences working in places that weren’t thoughtful. Ultimately that means being empowering”.
Lyons nails the overall lesson here. Your leadership style will be a complex collection of personal characteristics and experiences. There isn’t going to be an ideal leadership style because each business is different. “I really believe in the team and my job is to be empowering and inspirational. I think my team would align with the empowering and inspirational sentiment.” Apparently Lyons’ advice isn’t just lip service, she’s walking the walk too. “I recently got a post-it note on my desk that said ‘you inspire me to be a better person’”.
Create an environment where failures can lead to personal and professional growth.
Being a teacher style leader to your team can be a good way to become a student.
Lead by example. Get your hands dirty but don’t forget to also delegate.
Nobody wants a micromanager. Find ways to return authority and grant trust.
1-on-1 meetings are something you shouldn’t delegate. The feedback is too valuable.
Regardless of your style, ultimately it needs to motivate and empower your team.
Being a good communicator also means encouraging good communication.
Leadership means being considered as a part of the team and still being able to maintain your status as the leader.
Enjoy what you’ve read? Good, because there’s another entire book full of this stuff. I’ve been working with two masters of product Martin Eriksson and Nate Walkingshaw on writing a book that all product professionals can benefit from. Partly out of curiosity and on the back of our own experience, we’ve interviewed almost one hundred product leaders. Their insights and experiences will open up the conversation and take the lid off the mystery of great product leadership.
You can follow us at @rmbanfield, @bfgmartin, and @nwalkingshaw.
The Product Leadership book was published by O’Reilly is available on Amazon.
More from Richard Banfield
Dad, artist, cyclist, entrepreneur, advisor, product and design leader. Mostly in that order. | [
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Head to our archive for public notices prior to April 2018.
Public Notice: Town of Riverhead — hearing on amending chapter 301 of the Town Code
Event date: Aug 21, 2018
TOWN OF RIVERHEAD NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that a public hearing will be held before the Town Board of the Town at Riverhead at Riverhead Town Hall, 200 Howell Avenue, Riverhead, New York, on the 21st day of August, 2018 at 7:10 o’clock p.m. to amend Chapter 301, entitled “Zoning” of the...
Public Notice: Town of Riverhead — hearing to amend chapter 301 of the Town Code
Notice to Bidders: Town of Riverhead — signage for the Town of Riverhead
TOWN OF RIVERHEAD NOTICE TO BIDDERS Sealed bids for the rebid of SIGNAGE FOR THE TOWN OF RIVERHEAD will be received by the Town Clerk of the Town of Riverhead at 200 Howell Avenue, Riverhead, New York, 11901 until 11:00 A.M. on AUGUST 27, 2018 at which time they will be publicly opened and...
TOWN OF RIVERHEAD NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that a public hearing will be held before the Town Board of the Town at Riverhead at Riverhead Town Hall, 200 Howell Avenue, Riverhead, New York, on the 7th day of August, 2018 at 2:15 o’clock p.m. to amend Chapter 231, entitled “Fire Prevention” of...
Public notice: Town of Riverhead — Planning Board hearing on site plan applications
THE PLANNING BOARD OF THE TOWN OF RIVERHEAD NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that a public hearing will be held before the Planning Board of the Town of Riverhead at the Riverhead Town Hall, 200 Howell Avenue, Riverhead, New York, on Thursday, the 2nd day of August, 2018 at 7:00 o’clock p.m., to...
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] |
Walert
Marram
Warinj
Gurrng Gurrng
Bunjil
Boorai
In the Walert Room we have created inviting spaces for children to feel safe, supported and inspired to learn and grow.
The Walert Educators pride themselves on supporting all families with the transition into Early Childhood Education. We understand all the challenges that arise in the first year of care, whilst appreciating that all families will have their own journey as they settle into this next chapter. We understand the significance of this milestone and we encourage each family to communicate with us as much as possible to assist with a seamless transition.
Our indoor and outdoor learning environments have been created in such a way to spark curious minds, scaffold interests, mirror a home-like feel, and foster strong relationships. Our primary goal for the Walert Room is to create a place where children feel safe and inspired to play in their foundational years.
In the Marram Room, we believe each child is unique and special and it is important that they feel valued, cared-for and have a sense of security from those around them. Through our observations and interactions with the children, we act as a guide or facilitator to enhance their learning and development through play.
We value the children’s abilities and believe in fostering their sense of achievement through supporting all challenges they may face. Through observation and conversation we are able to provide a program where the environment is valued and used as the third teacher. We firmly believe in cultivating a strong connection with nature, spending as much time as possible in our amazing outdoor space, Bush Kinder area and our local community. Through developing each child’s sense of self, we are able to support their continuing journey on the road to understanding who they are, what they can accomplish and who they might become. We believe in creating a learning community that encompasses all opportunities and input from Robyn Jane, home and the wider environment.
Welcome to the Warinj Room, where children aged between 2 and 3 years of age can begin their journey before heading into a 3-year-old Kindergarten program. “Warinji” means Wombat in the native Wurundjeri language, as we acknowledge and recognise the indigenous culture which is embedded into our practice.
Our room has very experienced Educators that are dedicated to the children, their needs and truly value the children’s agency and believe in empowering the children in the best way possible. Our curriculum is forever changing according to the interests and choices the children are making, as they start to feel a sense of belonging and grow in their behaviours. We provide a safe and secure, indoor/ outdoor play-based learning experiences, which are warm, inviting, and meaningful, based on children’s choices and actions throughout the day. As a team we aim to challenge the children to help achieve your goals, and continually engage in conversation with parents to do this.
The room has a minimalistic style in which children can engage in meaningful play, sparking their imagination. We provide an all-day indoor/outdoor program where the door is open, so children have a choice of where they would like to play, explore, discover, and learn. We allow the children to freely express their needs and provide positive reinforcement for them to achieve this.
The 3 year old kindergarten program is government approved and set within a long day care setting so that all families have access to flexible, extended hours of quality early learning program. The 3 year old kindergarten program is offered for five full days per week.
Our room name, “Gurrng Gurrng” is derived from a Wurundjeri term for an Australian bird, the Kookaburra. We recognise the indigenous culture and have embedded its importance by recognising our traditional owners of this land through our daily acknowledgement to country, social stories and learning experiences that will be led by children’s interest.
Using a play-based learning approach, we aim to create a sense of belonging in the room for your child, as we learn about their strengths and interests as well as help you to achieve your goals. We place a great deal of focus on building children’s self-confidence, social-confidence and self-regulation in our program whilst embedding learning in early literacy, numeracy, sustainability, arts and craft and science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).
Our four year old kindergarten program provides the added bonus of accessing a government approved kindergarten program within a long day care setting so working families have access to flexible, extended hours care. This means a greater convenience for you, plus access to a quality early learning program.
Our four year old kindergarten program is offered five full days per week.
A play-based learning approach has been adopted to ensure we create curious and confident learners.
We use a wide variety of play-based learning activities to provide your child with the opportunity to explore, question, experiment and evaluate.
Children are learning from birth. Our kindergarten program provides a play-based context for continued learning through which children make sense of the world as they engage actively with people, objects and spaces.
Our Kindergarten program is developed and led by a bachelor degree qualified and registered early childhood teacher, our program supports children to develop skills and character that enable them to experience success as a learner in the kindergarten years and beyond. Our purposeful and engaging kindergarten program builds on children’s interests, embedding learning in literacy, numeracy, sustainability, the arts, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
What will your child learn?
Our program is designed to encourage curiosity and creativity. Your child will learn to question, discover and problem-solve in a fun, safe and secure learning environment.
Research shows children are more likely to learn when they are engaged in an activity. A play based program encourages active engagement in learning and supports a range of positive developmental outcomes including resilience and independence, curiosity and creativity.
Oral language is the basis for all literacy learning. A child’s oral language ability is the best predictor for later success in learning to read and write. Hearing the sounds within a language is the first critical step for all literacy learning.
We support children’s oral language development by engaging children in rich discussions, supporting children to communicate with each other, introducing new vocabulary as part of everyday conversations, modelling correct grammar and sentence structures, singing, playing games, and reading to children daily.
Throughout the kindergarten year and at school entry children use language to share ideas, ask questions, express themselves, and connect with peers and adults in social settings.
Social – emotional skills including the ability to self – regulate ones emotions support children to experience success in group learning environments. We support children’s social and emotional development by labelling and talking about emotions and modelling appropriate responses as children engage in new and challenging situations.
A bit about our Kinder teacher, Jo Davenport
Hi, I’m Jo Davenport and I am the four year old kindergarten teacher. I have a Bachelor of early childhood education, and have 19 years experience in the early childhood profession, and 14 years experience as an early childhood teacher. I joined the Robyn Jane Children’s Centre Team last year.
Boorai Program
Our Boorai Early Years Program is an occasional childcare service for children up to five years old and their families/carers from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander background. Boorai Early Years provides flexible care and welcomes parents and caregivers to stay and join other parents for a chat or leave their children with our qualified staff, to play and learn. Boorai Early Years operates under the license of Robyn Jane Children’s Centre Inc. and is registered with the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development under the National Childhood Regulations. Children between the ages of 12 months and 5 years, families and caregivers with a Certificate of Aboriginality (ATSI) can access this program.
Our Boorai Early Years Program runs on Mondays from 10.00am – 3.00pm during term times. The program has recently moved to country, we use our Bush Kinder Space located directly behind the centre. Learning on country supports the children to develop their knowledge of land and culture.
Children participate in a stimulating play-based setting with a range of experiences suited to their age and developmental needs. The program offers experiences that stimulate your child’s learning and develop cultural pride. We welcome your ideas for cultural experiences that reflect your family heritage.
Outdoor play spaces
Our outdoor spaces are designed for children to learn through play, to socialise with friends and develop a keen understanding of their world, particularly the natural world. There are three distinct areas, one for babies and toddlers, a larger area for our 3-6 year olds and an open bush kinder area which is shared.
The garden has been designed with our natural environment and traditional Wurundjeri heritage front and centre, we have a yarning circle, a fire pit (for special occasions), a dry creek bed and water pump, vegetable gardens, and amazing bottle trees as well as gorgeous modern activity structures like forts and sandpits for the children to explore.
Children are encouraged to engage in free-play and to take risks (with the support of our well-trained staff) to encourage confidence, imagination and resilience.
The space to the back of the centre is used as bush kinder area where children can use their imagination, engage with nature and continue the learning program in a beautiful outside space.
We provide long day care options for children aged 6 months to 6 years, including 3 year-old and 4 year-old educational Kinder programs.
The Centre is open from 6:45am- 6:15pm Monday to Friday in each week of its operation.
The Centre is open for 50 weeks per year -closing between the Christmas and New Year period.
Parents/guardians will be advised by the committee of management of the actual shutdown dates on a yearly basis. Fees are not charged for the Annual Shutdown period.
Robyn Jane Children’s Centre Inc. is closed for Victorian Public Holidays: – Fees are not charged for public holidays or for the Annual Shutdown period during Christmas/New Year.
We have an in-house chef who prepares and cooks nutritious food for the children all year round based around a healthy eating plan. We can cater to children with allergies and intolerances and encourage children to eat a range of delicious food. We grow some of the delicious veggies that the children eat, in our own garden and we compost our leftovers to help the cycle of growth.
6-16 Haig Ave, Healesville VIC 3777
2022 © RJCC. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy. | [
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1304,
4328,
28725,
304,
19258,
28725,
2818,
356,
2436,
28809,
28713,
10475,
304,
6768,
5473,
272,
1370,
28723,
1136,
264,
1918,
478,
6503,
298,
8035,
272,
2436,
298,
1316,
6619,
574,
7661,
28725,
304,
27388,
14200,
297,
7114,
395,
4386,
298,
511,
456,
28723,
13,
1014,
2003,
659,
264,
13383,
3320,
3238,
297,
690,
2436,
541,
14200,
297,
19258,
1156,
28725,
14123,
288,
652,
16842,
28723,
816,
3084,
396,
544,
28733,
1466,
24990,
28748,
406,
9405,
2007,
970,
272,
2251,
349,
1565,
28725,
579,
2436,
506,
264,
4782,
302,
970,
590,
682,
737,
298,
1156,
28725,
11418,
28725,
5191,
28725,
304,
2822,
28723,
816,
1914,
272,
2436,
298,
21964,
4072,
652,
3208,
304,
3084,
5278,
25234,
466,
354,
706,
298,
6619,
456,
28723,
13,
1014,
28705,
28770,
879,
1571,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
349,
3058,
12879,
304,
808,
2373,
264,
1043,
1370,
1656,
5587,
579,
369,
544,
6812,
506,
2735,
298,
17574,
28725,
8766,
3316,
302,
4045,
2935,
5168,
2007,
28723,
415,
28705,
28770,
879,
1571,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
349,
6373,
354,
3359,
2173,
2202,
660,
1819,
28723,
13,
15265,
2003,
1141,
28725,
981,
28777,
324,
28712,
817,
420,
324,
28712,
817,
28838,
349,
11236,
477,
264,
394,
324,
915,
18900,
28710,
1850,
354,
396,
9972,
7727,
28725,
272,
524,
600,
375,
324,
520,
28723,
816,
4169,
864,
272,
1176,
20164,
5679,
304,
506,
20007,
871,
9545,
486,
4169,
2979,
813,
7062,
10703,
302,
456,
2533,
1059,
813,
6790,
13964,
28721,
1116,
298,
2939,
28725,
2809,
5979,
304,
5168,
9021,
369,
622,
347,
4163,
486,
2436,
28809,
28713,
2145,
28723,
13,
26021,
264,
1156,
28733,
5527,
5168,
4431,
28725,
478,
6503,
298,
2231,
264,
3367,
302,
23921,
297,
272,
2003,
354,
574,
1502,
28725,
390,
478,
2822,
684,
652,
28136,
304,
10299,
390,
1162,
390,
1316,
368,
298,
6619,
574,
7661,
28723,
816,
1633,
264,
1598,
3215,
302,
3232,
356,
3667,
2436,
28809,
28713,
1008,
28733,
5552,
3164,
28725,
2809,
28733,
5552,
3164,
304,
1008,
28733,
1376,
2677,
297,
813,
2007,
18703,
28643,
5168,
297,
2935,
3937,
2426,
28725,
5539,
2426,
28725,
11755,
2437,
28725,
13480,
304,
9949,
304,
6691,
28725,
5514,
28725,
13320,
304,
16872,
1063,
325,
22526,
609,
13,
15265,
2308,
879,
1571,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
5312,
272,
3886,
14023,
302,
2735,
288,
264,
3058,
12879,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
2373,
264,
1043,
1370,
1656,
5587,
579,
2739,
6812,
506,
2735,
298,
17574,
28725,
8766,
3316,
1656,
28723,
851,
2825,
264,
6517,
20185,
354,
368,
28725,
3285,
2735,
298,
264,
4045,
2935,
5168,
2007,
28723,
13,
15265,
2308,
879,
1571,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
349,
6373,
3359,
2173,
2202,
660,
1819,
28723,
13,
28741,
1156,
28733,
5527,
5168,
4431,
659,
750,
13424,
298,
5407,
478,
2231,
13903,
304,
10689,
2822,
404,
28723,
13,
2324,
938,
264,
5335,
6677,
302,
1156,
28733,
5527,
5168,
6290,
298,
3084,
574,
1502,
395,
272,
5701,
298,
11418,
28725,
2996,
28725,
6878,
304,
15627,
28723,
13,
13868,
460,
5168,
477,
5950,
28723,
3489,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
5312,
264,
1156,
28733,
5527,
2758,
354,
5317,
5168,
1059,
690,
2436,
1038,
3367,
302,
272,
1526,
390,
590,
14200,
18639,
395,
905,
28725,
6697,
304,
10599,
28723,
13,
15265,
23786,
28721,
12125,
2007,
349,
6202,
304,
4163,
486,
264,
287,
18753,
6153,
14786,
304,
11028,
2935,
13159,
8626,
28725,
813,
2007,
11562,
2436,
298,
1950,
6266,
304,
3233,
369,
8234,
706,
298,
2659,
2288,
390,
264,
27205,
1079,
297,
272,
2112,
8640,
12125,
1267,
304,
5298,
28723,
3489,
6032,
1007,
304,
19639,
2112,
8640,
12125,
2007,
24030,
356,
2436,
28809,
28713,
10299,
28725,
28643,
5168,
297,
3937,
2426,
28725,
5539,
2426,
28725,
11755,
2437,
28725,
272,
13480,
28725,
304,
6691,
28725,
5514,
28725,
13320,
28725,
304,
16872,
1063,
325,
22526,
609,
13,
3195,
622,
574,
1502,
2822,
28804,
13,
15265,
2007,
349,
5682,
298,
12829,
22953,
304,
22317,
28723,
3604,
1502,
622,
2822,
298,
2996,
28725,
5191,
304,
2700,
28733,
28713,
5303,
297,
264,
746,
28725,
5023,
304,
8760,
5168,
4466,
28723,
13,
1146,
3625,
4370,
2436,
460,
680,
3917,
298,
2822,
739,
590,
460,
13173,
297,
396,
6355,
28723,
330,
1156,
2818,
2007,
6191,
1291,
5038,
15613,
297,
5168,
304,
11562,
264,
2819,
302,
5278,
4099,
282,
18014,
2490,
605,
309,
1640,
304,
17253,
28725,
22953,
304,
22317,
28723,
13,
28762,
1650,
3842,
349,
272,
6451,
354,
544,
3937,
2426,
5168,
28723,
330,
1502,
28809,
28713,
21210,
3842,
5537,
349,
272,
1489,
6782,
271,
354,
2062,
2288,
297,
5168,
298,
1220,
304,
3324,
28723,
382,
12385,
272,
7258,
2373,
264,
3842,
349,
272,
907,
7276,
3707,
354,
544,
3937,
2426,
5168,
28723,
13,
2324,
1760,
2436,
28809,
28713,
21210,
3842,
4099,
486,
19639,
2436,
297,
6708,
18382,
28725,
11787,
2436,
298,
16287,
395,
1430,
799,
28725,
25618,
633,
7901,
24000,
390,
744,
302,
15048,
17256,
28725,
968,
3572,
4714,
18756,
3479,
304,
12271,
11294,
28725,
14493,
28725,
4543,
3897,
28725,
304,
4865,
298,
2436,
6790,
28723,
13,
1227,
996,
406,
272,
2112,
8640,
12125,
879,
304,
438,
2052,
4905,
2436,
938,
3842,
298,
4098,
5766,
28725,
1460,
4224,
28725,
4072,
3892,
28725,
304,
5789,
395,
21907,
304,
12111,
297,
2809,
6472,
28723,
13,
28735,
24186,
764,
10526,
6266,
2490,
272,
5537,
298,
1008,
764,
983,
6212,
4413,
13855,
1760,
2436,
298,
2659,
2288,
297,
2071,
5168,
20031,
28723,
816,
1760,
2436,
28809,
28713,
2809,
304,
10526,
4099,
486,
7867,
3572,
304,
4434,
684,
13855,
304,
968,
3572,
7658,
14915,
390,
2436,
14200,
297,
633,
304,
14361,
11846,
28723,
13,
28741,
2286,
684,
813,
23786,
8626,
28725,
6081,
384,
3146,
483,
13,
23809,
28725,
315,
28809,
28719,
6081,
384,
3146,
483,
304,
315,
837,
272,
2308,
879,
1571,
2112,
8640,
12125,
8626,
28723,
315,
506,
264,
28404,
302,
2935,
13159,
5362,
28725,
304,
506,
28705,
28740,
28774,
1267,
2659,
297,
272,
2935,
13159,
7585,
28725,
304,
28705,
28740,
28781,
1267,
2659,
390,
396,
2935,
13159,
8626,
28723,
315,
7298,
272,
5776,
1035,
10805,
12708,
28809,
28713,
11304,
6867,
1432,
879,
28723,
13,
6681,
271,
1585,
7347,
13,
15265,
3268,
271,
1585,
12138,
16886,
7347,
349,
396,
20636,
1502,
8001,
2372,
354,
2436,
582,
298,
3359,
1267,
1571,
304,
652,
6812,
28748,
6602,
404,
477,
396,
2484,
11802,
304,
5727,
411,
3838,
1022,
7633,
263,
5414,
28723,
3268,
271,
1585,
12138,
16886,
5312,
17574,
1656,
304,
5661,
5254,
4386,
304,
1656,
28721,
1588,
298,
3079,
304,
5175,
799,
4386,
354,
264,
10706,
442,
3530,
652,
2436,
395,
813,
14786,
5084,
28725,
298,
1156,
304,
2822,
28723,
3268,
271,
1585,
12138,
16886,
24015,
916,
272,
6801,
302,
5776,
1035,
10805,
12708,
28809,
28713,
11304,
5671,
28723,
304,
349,
11028,
395,
272,
6946,
302,
9352,
304,
12138,
8183,
5079,
10340,
916,
272,
3610,
8183,
5079,
2678,
6341,
28723,
12708,
1444,
272,
14506,
302,
28705,
28740,
28750,
3370,
304,
28705,
28782,
1267,
28725,
6812,
304,
1656,
28721,
1588,
395,
264,
12089,
8053,
302,
2484,
11802,
472,
325,
962,
3055,
28731,
541,
2735,
456,
2007,
28723,
13,
15265,
3268,
271,
1585,
12138,
16886,
7347,
7825,
356,
7672,
748,
477,
28705,
28740,
28734,
28723,
28734,
28734,
314,
764,
28705,
28770,
28723,
28734,
28734,
3419,
1938,
1850,
2421,
28723,
415,
2007,
659,
5915,
4142,
298,
2939,
28725,
478,
938,
813,
13668,
23786,
13497,
5651,
5090,
2910,
272,
8802,
28723,
17504,
356,
2939,
11562,
272,
2436,
298,
1950,
652,
4788,
302,
2533,
304,
5679,
28723,
13,
13868,
14092,
297,
264,
12556,
13622,
1156,
28733,
5527,
5587,
395,
264,
2819,
302,
9021,
24003,
298,
652,
3595,
304,
4099,
282,
3208,
28723,
415,
2007,
5751,
9021,
369,
12556,
6212,
574,
1502,
28809,
28713,
5168,
304,
1950,
8932,
14384,
28723,
816,
10058,
574,
5766,
354,
8932,
9021,
369,
7967,
574,
2005,
22597,
28723,
13,
2919,
9405,
1156,
10599,
13,
15265,
15382,
10599,
460,
5682,
354,
2436,
298,
2822,
1059,
1156,
28725,
298,
2809,
864,
395,
3282,
304,
1950,
264,
20005,
6399,
302,
652,
1526,
28725,
6311,
272,
4229,
1526,
28723,
1387,
460,
1712,
9494,
5020,
28725,
624,
354,
18652,
304,
298,
1036,
8531,
28725,
264,
6084,
2698,
354,
813,
28705,
28770,
28733,
28784,
879,
1571,
28713,
304,
396,
1565,
25516,
2112,
263,
2698,
690,
349,
6431,
28723,
13,
1014,
8759,
659,
750,
5682,
395,
813,
4229,
4466,
304,
7062,
394,
324,
915,
18900,
28710,
22597,
2778,
304,
8802,
28725,
478,
506,
264,
337,
3570,
9661,
28725,
264,
3339,
11265,
325,
1392,
2841,
18323,
557,
264,
6964,
277,
6857,
2855,
304,
2130,
12048,
28725,
10035,
522,
22461,
28725,
304,
6821,
10859,
7099,
390,
1162,
390,
21692,
4638,
6355,
11294,
737,
354,
1074,
304,
6830,
28720,
1046,
354,
272,
2436,
298,
11418,
28723,
13,
13868,
460,
15863,
298,
14200,
297,
1933,
28733,
1674,
304,
298,
1388,
14679,
325,
3415,
272,
1760,
302,
813,
1162,
28733,
28247,
5084,
28731,
298,
12829,
9843,
28725,
16842,
304,
605,
309,
1640,
28723,
13,
1014,
2764,
298,
272,
852,
302,
272,
8802,
349,
1307,
390,
25516,
2112,
263,
2698,
970,
2436,
541,
938,
652,
16842,
28725,
14200,
395,
4735,
304,
3688,
272,
5168,
2007,
297,
264,
4672,
3536,
2764,
28723,
13,
2324,
3084,
1043,
1370,
1656,
2877,
354,
2436,
17859,
28705,
28784,
3370,
298,
28705,
28784,
1267,
28725,
2490,
28705,
28770,
879,
28733,
738,
304,
28705,
28781,
879,
28733,
738,
14165,
23786,
7034,
28723,
13,
1014,
11304,
349,
1565,
477,
28705,
28784,
28747,
28781,
28782,
314,
28733,
28705,
28784,
28747,
28740,
28782,
3419,
9262,
298,
8085,
297,
1430,
1819,
302,
871,
5225,
28723,
13,
1014,
11304,
349,
1565,
354,
28705,
28782,
28734,
4587,
660,
879,
387,
512,
8461,
1444,
272,
7416,
304,
1450,
7601,
3216,
28723,
13,
7401,
28713,
28748,
16191,
3693,
622,
347,
21020,
486,
272,
13414,
302,
5411,
302,
272,
4695,
6409,
3254,
12791,
356,
264,
879,
346,
6451,
28723,
4615,
274,
460,
459,
11226,
354,
272,
23647,
1295,
18967,
3216,
28723,
13,
22268,
1035,
10805,
12708,
28809,
28713,
11304,
5671,
28723,
349,
5051,
354,
26839,
4271,
4170,
16642,
28747,
764,
4615,
274,
460,
459,
11226,
354,
798,
20973,
442,
354,
272,
23647,
1295,
18967,
3216,
1938,
7416,
28748,
2972,
7601,
28723,
13,
2324,
506,
396,
297,
28733,
6186,
16749,
693,
710,
4083,
411,
304,
4600,
28713,
9246,
872,
925,
2887,
354,
272,
2436,
544,
879,
3713,
2818,
1401,
264,
7783,
8652,
2623,
28723,
816,
541,
22250,
298,
2436,
395,
27451,
497,
304,
716,
24472,
2233,
304,
12829,
2436,
298,
5310,
264,
2819,
302,
15992,
2887,
28723,
816,
2333,
741,
302,
272,
15992,
1773,
1576,
497,
369,
272,
2436,
5310,
28725,
297,
813,
1216,
8759,
304,
478,
623,
504,
813,
462,
28722,
532,
740,
298,
1316,
272,
10061,
302,
6057,
28723,
13,
28784,
28733,
28740,
28784,
7737,
326,
27170,
28725,
650,
2230,
5485,
550,
1604,
28705,
28770,
28787,
28787,
28787,
13,
28750,
28734,
28750,
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Scenes From A Weekend
Posted in art, my life on October 30, 2016| 6 Comments »
I stopped by the DAM on Friday night. They were having their last Friday of the month program, Untitled. A picture of the stairwell in the building designed by Gio Ponti:
I took a second look at the Japanese fashion design exhibit. A collection of garments from COMME des GARÇONS, designed by Rei Kawakubo:
Issey Miyake blouse with origami folding:
Saturday morning view of the garden from my bed:
Its a foggy Sunday morning. Virginia T Coleman sculpture in back yard.
Only Two More Weeks
Posted in my life on October 28, 2016| 6 Comments »
I only have to house my campaign volunteer for two more weeks. I told her I had house guests arriving so she needs to leave the Thursday after the election. It’s been really odd living with a person who only speaks to you when you’re in the same room. Almost all of our conversations have been via text. I believe this woman has a lack of social skills yet she is working on a political campaign. I didn’t expect to be her best friend but it would be nice to be acknowledged once in a while.
This week, I asked her to reduce her showering time, which normally runs fifteen minutes, twice a day. Sometimes her showers are twenty minutes long. I only know this because my office is next to guest bath and I can hear the water running. I received a notice from the water utility advising I was 3,000 gallons over my expected allotment for the month. The allotment is based on a family of four. Two people exceeded the usage of a family of four. Now she doesn’t shower in the morning. I only asked her to reduce her shower time, not take one at all.
The guest bathroom looks like a gay porn movie was filmed in the shower. There are gobs of something on the glass. It looks a guy ejaculated on the doors. It’s either shampoo, conditioner or lotion. She doesn’t bother to wipe it off so I have stopped cleaning the shower. That may be a bit passive aggressive, but at this point, I don’t care. She made the mess so she can live with it. No other house guest has ever left the bathroom so untidy. You would not believe hairs she leaves in sink or how dirty she gets the mirror. It looks like she flicks toothpaste on the mirror. Paddy was appalled by the state of the bathroom sink and mirror the last time he was here. Clearly, this woman does not know how to be a good house guest. I question how she was raised. Perhaps, my expectations are too high.
Since the house was mostly sealed up for cooler weather, I’ve noticed an odd pungent odor in her room. It’s almost sickening. I open the windows in her room when she leaves. I have never experienced anything like this smell. I’ve had many houseguests, but none have ever made the room smell. Double A thinks the smell is a result of her diet. He thinks it’s her nocturnal lady farts. I’m not sure what is causing the odor but it’s another reason I look forward to her departure.
Only two more weeks.
Updates 10/23/2016
Posted in art, friends, my life, neighborhood on October 23, 2016| 3 Comments »
A few miscellaneous updates.
The buyers of Mike’s house around the corner are planning a whole house remodel along with the addition of a master suite. Here we go again.
Neil, who I have not seen in months, wrecked his three-month-old X6 BMW. He rear ended a parked car while texting and driving. The X6 has been totaled. Neil is physically fine put his pride is wounded.
Paddy and his boyfriend are spending the week end in Las Vegas with London. It’s a birthday celebration for London. They flew stand-by without a hotel reservation. I’m so glad I didn’t go with them.
Ski season is here again. A Basin opened on Thursday. Three thousand people showed up on the first day. Some waited in line for two days.
Cindi is contemplating selling her Coal Creek Canyon house and moving to Santa Fe when she finishes her business liquidation in January.
Mack got a job offer from an architectural firm. It’s an office manager position. He’ll start on November 7th. The gang is waiting for Mack to treat us to dinner and pay back his loans. None of us are holding our breath waiting for the dinner invitation.
Cindi and I had dinner on Friday night before hitting a few gallery openings. I didn’t see anything worth sharing.
I’ll close with a few more selections from Kathryn Oberdorfer’s offering at Spark Gallery. All are priced at $500.
Dinner In RiNo
Scene from a recent late Sunday afternoon in RiNo. Double A and I were sharing a pizza on the patio of the Walnut Room. There are still some undeveloped parcels of land. Their numbers are dwindling. It’s the end of an era. Some see it as a phoenix rising from the ashes while I think it’s the death of a great art scene.
They Can’t All Be Winners
It’s a rare night that I walk into one of my favorite galleries and not see a piece of art I like. That happened on Friday night. I was perplexed. It was an opening that held a lot promise. I guess they can’t all be winners.
I did find some great work at Spark and Next. Annalee Schorr and Kathryn Oberdorfer are sharing the bill at Spark. Both are exhibiting outstanding work. Annalee even decorated the floor in her half of the gallery.
Annalee Schorr, Pattern Game #12, acrylic on Plexiglas, $1,200.
The floor at Spark. Yes, those are new shoes.
Kathryn Oberdorfer, odd angles, acrylic on canvass, $500
Next is having their 10th anniversary exhibition. There are a number of great pieces in this show but I think the standouts are the sculptures by Virginia T Coleman.
Virginia T Coleman, Arbitrary Perspective, steel, $250
Accidental Self-Portrait
Posted in my life on October 15, 2016| 1 Comment »
An accidental self-portrait taken in an antique store on Sante Fe a few Fridays ago.
Relying On The Kindness Of Friends
Posted in friends, my life on October 13, 2016| 14 Comments »
Mack has alienated himself with our circle of friends. Last Friday, Mack wanted to join the art tour. He called me from McDonald’s where he was using the free wifi. I told him the group was having an early dinner at a restaurant that could be a bit pricey.
After dinner, Mack threw three dollars down on the table. It was all the money he had. The rest of us paid for his tab. Clearly, he didn’t take the hint that he was expected to pay for his dinner. I’m guessing I should have been more direct.
All of us have been paying for his dinners for over a year. Mack has done nothing to find a second part-time job even though many establishments are hiring near his apartment. Mack doesn’t want to work at a grocery store, restaurant or Home Depot. He wants to work somewhere fun. The part-time fun job at Crate & Barrel is not paying the bills.
I thought Mack should have said something about his lack of funds before ordering dinner. If all he had was three dollars, he should have taken advantage of the dollar menu at McDonald’s. That may sound harsh, but at times, I can be a dick.
Part of me feels guilty for thinking this way. I have a good income. The others have good incomes too. All can afford to pay for his dinner (Paddy dropped two grand for painting at Mai Wyn’s that night). All have worked hard to achieve success in their careers. None of the group was handed a career or have an inheritance to rely upon. None of us really have fun jobs, but rather, have positions which provide income to live a nice life.
The problem is Mack has done nothing to mitigate his financial situation. He seems to expect that someone will pick up the tab. It feels like Mack is taking advantage of our kindness. He has borrowed money from most of the group. I believe the group has been enabling him. It has to stop.
The group decided Mack will not be invited to dinner. He’ll have to meet up with the group after dinner for the art tour. Mack may have to take public transportation or ride his bike.
Am I being a dick? Should I just suck it up and continue to pay for his meals? What do you think?
Posted in friends, my life, neighborhood on October 11, 2016| 5 Comments »
My neighbor, Sheila, called to let me know her Clinton/Kaine campaign sign was stolen from her yard, and to see if the sign in my yard was stolen. My sign was still in place. The neighborhood is still peppered with Clinton/Kaine signs. There’s not a trump sign in sight, which is a surprise, given the neighborhood has been known to heavily favor Republican candidates. Sheila ended our conversation by remarking, “They can steal my sign but they can’t steal my vote.” Indeed!
That Pink Blouse!
Posted in politics on October 10, 2016| 3 Comments »
The current Mrs. T (I’m sure there will at least one more) wore Gucci’s $1,100 “pussy-bow” silk crepe de chine shirt to the presidential debate last night. That’s an interesting sartorial choice. N’est-ce pas? I wonder how much the pants cost. It’s available on Net-A-Porter if you wish to pick up one.
Art Recap
Posted in art, my life on October 10, 2016| 1 Comment »
Art night was fun on Santa Fe. The usual suspects were involved. Point Gallery is closing when the current show comes down. This will be a huge loss as the guys at Point always put on stellar exhibits. The good new is that the following pieces are available for purchase at other galleries on Santa Fe:
Kate McGuinness at Artists on Santa Fe, Fresh Ink, monotype, 38 x 42, $1,000
Sharon Strasburg at Mai Wyn Fine Art, Sonoma Sunset 5, monotype on paper, 32.5 x 49.5, $3,600. | [
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586,
1411,
356,
4527,
28705,
28750,
28783,
28725,
28705,
28750,
28734,
28740,
28784,
28766,
28705,
28784,
25493,
3488,
13,
28737,
865,
506,
298,
2134,
586,
5774,
21311,
354,
989,
680,
4587,
28723,
315,
2240,
559,
315,
553,
2134,
11089,
24212,
579,
630,
3208,
298,
3530,
272,
10983,
1024,
272,
7537,
28723,
661,
28809,
28713,
750,
1528,
6939,
3687,
395,
264,
1338,
693,
865,
19203,
298,
368,
739,
368,
28809,
267,
297,
272,
1348,
2003,
28723,
20676,
544,
302,
813,
17256,
506,
750,
4213,
2245,
28723,
315,
3091,
456,
2971,
659,
264,
5502,
302,
2809,
6266,
2783,
630,
349,
2739,
356,
264,
4355,
5774,
28723,
315,
1539,
28809,
28707,
1675,
298,
347,
559,
1489,
1832,
562,
378,
682,
347,
5171,
298,
347,
23253,
2327,
297,
264,
1312,
28723,
13,
3260,
1819,
28725,
315,
2261,
559,
298,
7643,
559,
13164,
288,
727,
28725,
690,
12336,
7825,
13956,
3486,
28725,
8660,
264,
1370,
28723,
9738,
559,
1347,
404,
460,
5969,
3486,
1043,
28723,
315,
865,
873,
456,
1096,
586,
4007,
349,
1679,
298,
11683,
7044,
304,
315,
541,
3934,
272,
2130,
3822,
28723,
315,
3874,
264,
5640,
477,
272,
2130,
18936,
2057,
2979,
315,
403,
28705,
28770,
28725,
28734,
28734,
28734,
15724,
1053,
754,
586,
3349,
544,
322,
466,
354,
272,
2102,
28723,
415,
544,
322,
466,
349,
2818,
356,
264,
2005,
302,
2308,
28723,
6005,
905,
12436,
286,
272,
11753,
302,
264,
2005,
302,
2308,
28723,
2961,
630,
2368,
28809,
28707,
13164,
297,
272,
3970,
28723,
315,
865,
2261,
559,
298,
7643,
559,
13164,
727,
28725,
459,
1388,
624,
438,
544,
28723,
13,
1014,
11683,
10629,
4674,
737,
264,
11997,
16794,
5994,
403,
1217,
1591,
297,
272,
13164,
28723,
1387,
460,
576,
1816,
302,
1545,
356,
272,
5252,
28723,
661,
4674,
264,
4649,
13068,
323,
6432,
356,
272,
9289,
28723,
661,
28809,
28713,
2477,
480,
1057,
3464,
28725,
4644,
263,
442,
2055,
296,
28723,
985,
2368,
28809,
28707,
11026,
298,
275,
3985,
378,
805,
579,
315,
506,
5426,
11906,
272,
13164,
28723,
1725,
993,
347,
264,
2286,
24246,
18925,
28725,
562,
438,
456,
1305,
28725,
315,
949,
28809,
28707,
1656,
28723,
985,
1269,
272,
4687,
579,
630,
541,
2943,
395,
378,
28723,
1770,
799,
2134,
11683,
659,
2270,
1749,
272,
10629,
579,
1883,
26576,
28723,
995,
682,
459,
3091,
295,
3379,
630,
8049,
297,
12967,
442,
910,
13485,
630,
4739,
272,
12142,
28723,
661,
4674,
737,
630,
285,
577,
2285,
17961,
28720,
4635,
356,
272,
12142,
28723,
367,
13774,
403,
954,
17987,
486,
272,
1665,
302,
272,
10629,
12967,
304,
12142,
272,
1432,
727,
400,
403,
1236,
28723,
25421,
28725,
456,
2971,
1235,
459,
873,
910,
298,
347,
264,
1179,
2134,
11683,
28723,
315,
2996,
910,
630,
403,
6333,
28723,
9447,
28725,
586,
13879,
460,
1368,
1486,
28723,
13,
24091,
272,
2134,
403,
7444,
21998,
582,
354,
5106,
263,
8086,
28725,
315,
28809,
333,
8295,
396,
6939,
284,
969,
308,
4321,
271,
297,
559,
2003,
28723,
661,
28809,
28713,
2779,
7946,
3250,
28723,
315,
1565,
272,
8412,
297,
559,
2003,
739,
630,
8049,
28723,
315,
506,
1484,
8304,
2424,
737,
456,
11016,
28723,
315,
28809,
333,
553,
1287,
2134,
2851,
5946,
28725,
562,
6547,
506,
2270,
1269,
272,
2003,
11016,
28723,
15233,
330,
10896,
272,
11016,
349,
264,
1204,
302,
559,
9751,
28723,
650,
10896,
378,
28809,
28713,
559,
708,
310,
453,
282,
10271,
285,
8060,
28723,
315,
28809,
28719,
459,
1864,
767,
349,
13098,
272,
4321,
271,
562,
378,
28809,
28713,
1698,
2611,
315,
913,
3814,
298,
559,
20622,
28723,
13,
8390,
989,
680,
4587,
28723,
13,
2738,
8097,
28705,
28740,
28734,
28748,
28750,
28770,
28748,
28750,
28734,
28740,
28784,
13,
7272,
286,
297,
1524,
28725,
3282,
28725,
586,
1411,
28725,
10501,
356,
4527,
28705,
28750,
28770,
28725,
28705,
28750,
28734,
28740,
28784,
28766,
28705,
28770,
25493,
3488,
13,
28741,
1664,
4052,
4860,
18834,
11756,
28723,
13,
1014,
21872,
302,
9360,
28809,
28713,
2134,
1401,
272,
6581,
460,
7394,
264,
2894,
2134,
1003,
350,
301,
2267,
395,
272,
4518,
302,
264,
5968,
10978,
28723,
4003,
478,
576,
1076,
28723,
13,
6947,
309,
28725,
693,
315,
506,
459,
2598,
297,
3370,
28725,
22293,
286,
516,
1712,
28733,
10976,
28733,
738,
1500,
28784,
20179,
28780,
28723,
650,
12110,
7054,
264,
23643,
1253,
1312,
2245,
288,
304,
7810,
28723,
415,
1500,
28784,
659,
750,
3102,
286,
28723,
23467,
349,
16094,
4433,
1658,
516,
14384,
349,
17084,
28723,
13,
28753,
13774,
304,
516,
18173,
460,
9981,
272,
1819,
948,
297,
9134,
18233,
395,
4222,
28723,
661,
28809,
28713,
264,
12892,
20744,
354,
4222,
28723,
1306,
16356,
1876,
28733,
1403,
1671,
264,
7689,
6047,
352,
28723,
315,
28809,
28719,
579,
8200,
315,
1539,
28809,
28707,
576,
395,
706,
28723,
13,
28735,
3430,
3302,
349,
1236,
1076,
28723,
330,
6827,
262,
4923,
356,
10983,
28723,
9673,
8028,
905,
6642,
582,
356,
272,
907,
1370,
28723,
2909,
10547,
297,
1407,
354,
989,
2202,
28723,
13,
28743,
24097,
349,
23010,
1077,
10158,
559,
25243,
15480,
334,
1164,
266,
2134,
304,
5272,
298,
9231,
4615,
739,
630,
854,
8137,
559,
1955,
12213,
352,
297,
4624,
28723,
13,
28755,
468,
1433,
264,
2389,
2405,
477,
396,
7821,
1890,
5799,
28723,
661,
28809,
28713,
396,
4007,
7056,
2840,
28723,
650,
28809,
584,
1149,
356,
4349,
28705,
28787,
362,
28723,
415,
13071,
349,
5345,
354,
20437,
298,
3363,
592,
298,
7854,
304,
2136,
852,
516,
15556,
28723,
3635,
302,
592,
460,
6632,
813,
5276,
5345,
354,
272,
7854,
22504,
28723,
13,
28743,
24097,
304,
315,
553,
7854,
356,
8085,
2125,
1159,
17692,
264,
1664,
18805,
1565,
742,
28723,
315,
1539,
28809,
28707,
1032,
2424,
4407,
10681,
28723,
13,
28737,
28809,
584,
2848,
395,
264,
1664,
680,
427,
4488,
477,
14940,
643,
28711,
13119,
28715,
271,
642,
28809,
28713,
9055,
438,
1670,
719,
16597,
28723,
1682,
460,
724,
5200,
438,
429,
28782,
28734,
28734,
28723,
13,
28757,
3739,
560,
399,
28710,
2501,
13,
17781,
477,
264,
5391,
3909,
7729,
8635,
297,
399,
28710,
2501,
28723,
15233,
330,
304,
315,
654,
10681,
264,
20727,
356,
272,
1908,
691,
302,
272,
6418,
17964,
14463,
28723,
1387,
460,
1309,
741,
640,
3443,
11416,
26790,
1190,
302,
2533,
28723,
6723,
5551,
460,
10743,
507,
1905,
28723,
661,
28809,
28713,
272,
948,
302,
396,
4204,
28723,
2909,
1032,
378,
390,
264,
1108,
21075,
11862,
477,
272,
390,
2053,
1312,
315,
1073,
378,
28809,
28713,
272,
3168,
302,
264,
1598,
1524,
6337,
28723,
13,
6037,
2418,
28809,
28707,
1682,
1739,
394,
12190,
13,
1313,
28809,
28713,
264,
9964,
2125,
369,
315,
2338,
778,
624,
302,
586,
6656,
319,
7590,
497,
304,
459,
1032,
264,
5511,
302,
1524,
315,
737,
28723,
1725,
4243,
356,
8085,
2125,
28723,
315,
403,
660,
8899,
286,
28723,
661,
403,
396,
7032,
369,
3336,
264,
2055,
9081,
28723,
315,
5102,
590,
541,
28809,
28707,
544,
347,
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28723,
13,
28737,
863,
1300,
741,
1598,
771,
438,
1670,
719,
304,
8580,
28723,
7303,
883,
28706,
1609,
15536,
304,
14940,
643,
28711,
13119,
28715,
271,
642,
460,
10681,
272,
4875,
438,
1670,
719,
28723,
7829,
460,
8244,
4328,
17329,
771,
28723,
7303,
883,
28706,
1019,
24616,
272,
4366,
297,
559,
2795,
302,
272,
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28723,
13,
23894,
883,
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1609,
15536,
28725,
26572,
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422,
28740,
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28725,
1183,
643,
577,
356,
367,
1913,
326,
11215,
28725,
429,
28740,
28725,
28750,
28734,
28734,
28723,
13,
1014,
4366,
438,
1670,
719,
28723,
5592,
28725,
1395,
460,
633,
10716,
28723,
13,
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498,
643,
28711,
13119,
28715,
271,
642,
28725,
6939,
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28725,
1183,
643,
577,
356,
541,
28728,
489,
28725,
429,
28782,
28734,
28734,
13,
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349,
2461,
652,
28705,
28740,
28734,
362,
21101,
18738,
28723,
1387,
460,
264,
1474,
302,
1598,
7769,
297,
456,
1347,
562,
315,
1073,
272,
1876,
8508,
460,
272,
15709,
1238,
486,
10117,
320,
15128,
1294,
28723,
13,
28790,
361,
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515,
320,
15128,
1294,
28725,
1010,
10642,
628,
10407,
8524,
28725,
9445,
28725,
429,
28750,
28782,
28734,
13,
5604,
27124,
8916,
28733,
6411,
10613,
13,
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286,
297,
586,
1411,
356,
4527,
28705,
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28705,
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28784,
28766,
28705,
28740,
19479,
3488,
13,
2820,
8318,
282,
1008,
28733,
483,
10613,
3214,
297,
396,
2725,
1651,
4143,
356,
318,
2237,
4615,
264,
1664,
1361,
16642,
3584,
28723,
13,
28754,
723,
288,
1418,
415,
13848,
1467,
4529,
22371,
13,
7272,
286,
297,
3282,
28725,
586,
1411,
356,
4527,
28705,
28740,
28770,
28725,
28705,
28750,
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28740,
28784,
28766,
28705,
28740,
28781,
25493,
3488,
13,
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468,
659,
17054,
601,
2722,
395,
813,
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302,
3282,
28723,
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8085,
28725,
20437,
2613,
298,
5175,
272,
1524,
3884,
28723,
650,
1987,
528,
477,
25999,
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28713,
970,
400,
403,
1413,
272,
1933,
275,
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28723,
315,
2240,
713,
272,
2071,
403,
2461,
396,
2935,
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438,
264,
9926,
369,
829,
347,
264,
2286,
4144,
28724,
28723,
13,
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28725,
20437,
11915,
1712,
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1060,
356,
272,
2401,
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661,
403,
544,
272,
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400,
553,
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415,
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302,
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354,
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25421,
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400,
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272,
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369,
400,
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315,
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288,
315,
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506,
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680,
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13,
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302,
592,
506,
750,
9960,
354,
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281,
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354,
754,
264,
879,
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659,
2203,
2511,
298,
1300,
264,
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744,
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1536,
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1287,
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650,
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622,
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Privacy PolicyRob Russell2021-03-18T08:53:53+00:00
At the Robert Russell Law Office your privacy is very important to us, and the following will inform you of the information that we may collect from you and how it may be used. By using our Website, www.robert-russell.com or www.RRLawGroup.com or any or all Robert Russell Law Office websites (“Website”), you consent to the collection and use of information as noted below.
We are committed to the protection of your privacy, and will treat all of the information you provide through the Firm Website, including your registration information, with the utmost respect. We follow generally accepted industry standards to protect the information submitted to us, both during transmission and once we receive it. If we collect sensitive information (such as credit card data), that information is encrypted and transmitted to us in a secure way. We also protect your information offline. Only employees who need the information to perform a specific job (for example, billing or customer service) are granted access to personally identifiable information. The computers/servers in which we store personally identifiable information are kept in a secure environment.
We may collect non-personal information, such as a domain name and IP Address. The domain name and IP address reveals nothing personal about you other than the IP address from which you have accessed our site. We may also collect information about the type of Internet browser you are using, operating system, what brought you to our Website, as well as which of our Web pages you have accessed. We may also collect personal information, which may include, without limitation, your name, e-mail address, office address, and phone number, etc. Additionally, if you communicate with us regarding our Website or our services, we will collect any information that you provide to us in any such communication.
The Firm uses the information that it collects about you to improve your browsing experience by personalizing our website to your interest, and also to help us select content and services that you may find interesting and useful. Information about the content you visit and services you use may be used alone or in conjunction with information collected from other users to help us improve our website and its other products and services to better meet the needs and interests of you and other users. Information that you provide may also be used as part of our effort to keep you informed about events, and selected services that may be of interest to you.
In some cases, we may contact you with information from carefully selected third parties, but we do not provide information to third parties for such purposes.
In other cases, your information might be shared with a third party pursuant to a process that contemplates such sharing but only where you knowingly initiate and/or request such sharing.
We will not sell or otherwise provide the information we collect to outside third parties for the purpose of direct or indirect mass email marketing except as may be authorized in accordance with this Privacy Policy.
We reserve the right to disclose personal information and/or an IP address, when required by law or in the good-faith belief that such action is necessary to:
Cooperate with the investigations of purported unlawful activities and conform to the edicts of the law or comply with legal process served on our company
Protect and defend the rights or property of our Website and related properties
Identify persons who may be violating the law, the rights of third parties, or otherwise misusing our Website or its related properties
We use “cookies” on this site. A cookie is a piece of data stored on a Website visitor’s hard drive to help us improve your access to our Website and identify repeat visitors to our site. For instance, when we use a cookie to identify you, you would not have to log in a password more than once, thereby saving time while on our site. Cookies can also enable us to track and target the interests of our users to enhance the experience on our site. Usage of a cookie is in no way linked to any personally identifiable information on our site.
This Website may contain links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the content or privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our Website and to read the privacy statements of any other website that collects personally identifiable information.
From time-to-time our Website may request information via surveys. We may also email to you a survey request. Participation in these surveys is completely voluntary and you may choose whether or not to participate and, therefore, disclose any information. Information requested may include contact information (such as name and mailing address), and demographic information (such as zip code, age). Survey information will be used for purposes of monitoring or improving client satisfaction and the use of this Website.
GENERAL REMINDER
Please keep in mind that whenever you voluntarily disclose personal information online, e.g., via social media sites, discussion boards, or elsewhere, that information can be collected and used by parties not affiliated with our office. If you post personal information online that is accessible to the public, you may receive unsolicited messages from other parties in return. Ultimately, you are solely responsible for maintaining the secrecy of your personal information when shared in public and online such as a public Facebook page, Twitter account or any other social media platform, etc.
SENDING INFORMATION DOES NOT FORM AN ATTORNEY – CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
Transmission of information to/from this Website does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and the firm, nor is it intended to do so. The transmission of the Website, in part or in whole, and/or any communication with us via Internet e-mail through this Website does not constitute or create an attorney-client relationship between us and any recipients.
Users seeking to opt-out should reply to any marketing communication with the subject line ‘unsubscribe’. At the bottom on each email sent to our list that you joined is a link is provided for opting out of additional newsletters or other communications.
We care about your privacy. If you have a concern about our Privacy Policy, please contact Robert Russell directly via telephone at 360.882.8990, email at [email protected], or US Mail at “Attn: Privacy Policy”, 516 SE Chkalov Drive, Suite 49, Vancouver, WA 98683.
My experience with Robert Russell was both thorough and professional from start to finish! Robert has the mastery of his legal discipline and was able… Read more “Both thorough and professional from start to finish!”
Robert Russell – A Class Act. I just went through a divorce, after 21 years of marriage, and got stuck with all our debts. Needless… Read more “He and his staff were so nice, friendly, understanding, and treated me with respect” | [
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] |
Long Road To Justice
By Citizen M | Published: November 6, 2009
Details are beginning to emerge about the the two suspects held on suspicion of gunning down fearless human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov and Novaya Gazeta intern Anastasia Baburova on January 19th this year. It appears that one of the pair, both of whom are suspected of being members of an untranationalist organization, has confessed to the crime.
Whilst we are often lamenting the lack of justice in relation to the astounding number of slayings of journalists and activists which remain unsolved (indeed in some cases, unremarked upon by the Kremlin), many rights advocates are wary of jumping to the conclusion that what we are seeing today represents a breakthrough in transparency and justice-seeking. Many hurdles remain, as an article in the New York Times suggests:
The mood among Mr. Markelov’s friends was less triumphant. A growing list of journalists and political activists have been killed in recent years, but few of those cases have ended in prosecution. Those that have, notably the shootings of the journalists Anna Politkovskaya and Paul Klebnikov, have identified only low-level criminals or have fallen apart in the courtroom.
“Until the case is closed, it’s not closed,” said Aleksandr Cherkasovof the rights organization Memorial, who was a close friend of Mr.Markelov’s. “Will it be a jury trial? Will the prosecutors be able toprove their case? How much opportunity will there be to manipulate thejury, or influence the jury? So this is not finished.”
“I have no feeling of relief,” he added, “because none of this will resurrect a person.”
Read all here. | [
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New members, meet the ‘slush fund’
Many Hill freshmen are already establishing leadership PACs despite association with abuse
Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., left, and Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., are among the more than two dozen freshman lawmakers who have established so-called leadership PACs, a type of fundraising committee critics say is too often abused. Ocasio-Cortez and Omar have pledged not to accept corporate PAC money. (Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call)
By Stephanie Akin
Posted January 14, 2019 at 5:55pm
The newest class of congressional lawmakers — some of whom campaigned against corruption and corporate influence in politics — is rapidly adopting a practice that critics say is among the swampier in Washington.
More than two dozen new members of the House and Senate — including prominent freshmen such as New York Democratic Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Utah Republican Sen. Mitt Romney — have established so-called leadership PACs, according to data compiled by government watchdog group Issue One. Leadership PACs are fundraising committees that allow lawmakers to raise money for their colleagues and candidates.
The vast majority of House and Senate members have one, and many say they can be helpful tools to support other politicians and the issues they care about. But the PACs are not subject to the same restrictions on personal spending as individual campaign committees, leading to numerous examples of alleged misuse. Critics say they also allow politicians to evade campaign contribution limits and obscure donations from corporations and other powerful groups.
“The new freshman class of 2018 has said that one of the fundamental issues they ran on, and they heard from their constituents about, was to clean up the corruption in Washington and to diminish the influence of money in politics,” said Tim Roemer, a former Indiana Democratic congressman and U.S. ambassador to India. “Leadership PACs, as currently structured, add to the problem.”
Also watch: First 2020 Senate race ratings are here
An ‘influence game’
Roemer co-chairs Issue One’s ReFormers caucus, a group of former members of Congress, governors and Cabinet members that has urged the Federal Election Commission to close “loopholes” in its regulation of leadership PACs.
Leadership PACs allow lawmakers to accept additional money from donors who have already maxed out donations to their individual campaign committees, effectively raising the cap on campaign donations from deep-pocketed benefactors. Because leadership PACs are little known outside of the Beltway, with obscure names like the Penguin PAC or the Blue Hen PAC, voters are less likely to be watching.
As of this week, all nine of the new senators have formed leadership PACs, as have 23 of the 92 House freshmen, said Michael Beckel, the manager of research, investigations and policy analysis at Issue One. That brings the total number of Hill lawmakers with leadership PACs to 437 out of 534, or 82 percent.“For many incoming members, leadership PACs are part of the Washington influence game,” Beckel said. “Some of them have more quickly embraced them than others.”
Issue One and the Campaign Legal Center produced a report last year that showed that roughly 60 percent of the $150 million raised by leadership PACs between Jan. 1, 2017, and Sept. 30, 2018, came from political action committees connected to companies, trade associations, labor unions and other groups that frequently have business before lawmakers.
Only 45 percent of the money raised through leadership PACs during that same time period went to contributions to federal candidates or other political committees. Instead, some members of Congress used their leadership PACs for personal expenses that would not be allowed from authorized campaign accounts, including spending at resorts, golf clubs and fine dining establishments, the report found.
New York Democrat Kathleen Rice plans to reintroduce in the House this week a bill that would reign in abuse of leadership PACs, among other revisions, an aide said. The so-called The Accountability and Transparency Act that Rice introduced with Wisconsin Republican Mike Gallagher and Washington Democrat Derek Kilmer was one of two bipartisan measures unveiled last Congress that aimed to prohibit the “personal” use of money raised through leadership PACs, a restriction already in place for individual campaign committees.
The lack of such basic regulations makes even legitimate use of a leadership PAC appear tainted, said Rep. Scott Peters, co-sponsor of the so-called Leadership PAC Limitation ACT, the other bipartisan measure introduced last Congress.“Even things that are legal just make the whole system look terrible,” the California Democrat said. “The notion that you would be spending money on yacht clubs, and Broadway tickets, golf retreats and trips in limousines — it is just not appropriate for elected officials to be doing that, and it does not engender trust.”
‘Useful tool’
But even the some of the staunchest critics of the rules regulating leadership PACs have established their own, including Peters and Rice. Peters’ committee — Supporting House Problem Solvers — spent $153,000 in the 2018 midterm cycle, $151,000 of which went to federal candidates and state party committees. The remainder was spent on compliance.
Peters said the PAC can be a “useful tool” to help colleagues get elected in the absence of a public system to finance campaigns, but lawmakers have to be “rigorous” about ensuring the money is spent properly.
The new members who have already established leadership PACs include high-profile figures like Ocasio-Cortez, who rose to prominence with vows against accepting donations from corporate PACs.
The pledge was understood as a shorthand declaration of liberation from corporate interests.
Ocasio-Cortez’s leadership PAC, Courage to Change, was formed in late November, too recently to have filed any public financial disclosures. Frank Llewelyn, the committee’s treasurer, said the PAC had not started fundraising. The end-of-year balance in its accounts was $4,700, one contribution and one expenditure, he said.
“We are committed to the highest ethical standards, which is best represented by our ‘no corporate money’ position,” Llewelyn said. “We realize that the regulation of leadership PACs need to be improved.”
Another House freshman, Minnesota Democrat Ilhan Omar, established her Inspiring Leadership Has A Name PAC in October. It had not spent the $5,000 it had raised by the most recent filing deadline at the end of November. Omar’s campaign did not return a request for comment but told the Center for Responsive Politics the PAC does not accept corporate PAC contributions.
Texas Republican freshman Lance Gooden said he hadn’t even heard of leadership PACs before he was advised to start one to help other candidates during his House campaign. Running for a safe GOP seat, he said he raised more money than he needed for the general election.
“My intention was to use my leadership PAC going forward to help other candidates who need resources,” he said, adding that he was aware of alleged abuse of such committees.
“My internal rule of thumb is that we have to make sure that a solid majority of this money is spent on other races and not on frivolous expenses.” he said. FEC filings show that almost all of the $17,000 Gooden’s committee disbursed went to other federal and local candidates.
But not all members are so self-disciplined, said Adav Noti, a former FEC lawyer who now works at the Campaign Legal Center.
“It’s not inherently bad to have one if you are one of the few members of Congress who actually uses it for its intended purpose, but that’s fairly rare at this point,” Noti said.
He added that as long as party leaders use fundraising prowess to determine who will rise in the ranks and get coveted committee chairman positions, the incentive for members to establish leadership PACs will remain strong. Zach Wamp, a co-chairman of Issue One’s ReFormers Caucus and a former Tennessee GOP congressman, said he encourages new members to avoid that pressure, though he recognized they were unlikely to follow his advice.“It sure looks like now you have to do it in order to advance, but it doesn’t make it right,” he said. “It is a proliferation that is unhealthy. It pollutes the Congress, and it leads to, I would call it, unintentional corruption.” | [
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Harry of Sussex 2 February, 2023
This is the condition that Prince Harry and Meghan Markle demand to be at King Charles’ coronation?
After the uproar caused by the publication of the book “Spare”, where Prince Harry, 38, tells his experience within the British royal family, it has been known the Duke and Duchess of Sussex plan to put their conditions to attend the coronation of King Charles III.
The new King of England, 74, will formally ascend the throne in a ceremony to be held on May 6, 2023, with dozens of guests expected to attend.
Meghan Markle, Prince Harry and King Charles in 2018. (Agency)
Prince Harry’s conditions for attending the coronation of King Charles
As published by the Daily Mail, sources close to King Charles III has assured that the monarch has the willingness to invite his youngest son, along with his wife Meghan Markle. However, the Sussex put a condition to attend such an important event.
According to the media, Prince Harry and his wife would only go to the historic event if there is a previous meeting to apologize to them. The newspaper claims that the rest of the family has been surprised to learn of the California-based couple’s demand.
King Charles, Queen Camilla, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. (Agency)
On the other hand, Charles asked the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Melby, to be the mediator between Harry and his brother, Prince William, 40, to improve the relationship between them. Especially because inside the palace there are rumors that Harry’s absence could tarnish the coronation.
The source assures that the British royal family does not want to project divisions, but Harry will set his terms and conditions.
Harry of Sussex 18 March, 2023
Prince Harry and Chelsy Davy: a love story that could not be
The fight that nearly ended Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s relationship
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle take a hard hit from British citizens
Harry of Sussex 7 March, 2023 | [
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Linda Marie Small
KILMARNOCK—Linda Marie Small passed away peacefully on July 19, 2022, at the age of 69. She was a valued member of Kilmarnock Baptist Church and loved her church family.
She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, on June 13, 1953. She was preceded in death by her parents, Paul and Marjorie Fortin, and her sister, Diane Pollier.
She is survived by her nephew, Michael Pollier (Rachel) and their children, Gabriel and Maverick. She is also survived by her niece, Michelle Meloche (Jeremy) and their children, Lincoln and Lila.
Linda moved from Massachusetts to Virginia Beach and then to Kilmarnock many years ago. She was very outgoing and made many friends. She was very fond of all the neighborhood young people; no matter their age, she asked them all to call her “Auntie.”
She always enjoyed walking and biking around Kilmarnock. She loved all animals, especially her companion cat Muffin, who has now been adopted by a good friend, and her dog Foxy, who passed in 2021. Gardening and feeding the birds and squirrels in her yard brought her much joy. Linda was always sharing her groceries and whatever she had to help others.
During her long illness, she was very grateful and thankful for the care and compassion she received at RGH, Dockside, Walter Reed and VCU.
Having charged her nephew, Michael Pollier, with responsibility for her final arrangements, her ashes will be returned to her beloved Massachusetts and spread near her loving sister, Diane.
Memorial contributions may be made to Kilmarnock Baptist Church, P.O. Box 99, Kilmarnock, VA 22482. | [
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A Time to Die (Meditation on Ecclesiastes 3:1-11, part 1)
September 10, 2013 January 15, 2014 / Russell Smith
Within the human heart there exists, though we try to deny it, a longing for permanence.
The great poet John Keats wrestles with this longing in his most famous works: “Bright star, Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art” and “Ode to a Grecian Urn” reveal his yearning to be free from this world of change, transience, and death.
And yet, as this passage makes so painfully clear, we are in a world of times and seasons. Everything does have its time and purpose under heaven. We see the seasons of our lives pass from one to the next. We may yearn for things to stay as they have always been; we may fix our tenacious grip upon the season in which we are currently living; we may cling with desperate fervor to a reality that is already receding in the background. But make no mistake, seasons come and seasons go. This is the teaching of Ecclesiastes.
Platform of the Skulls at Chichen Itza, Mexico
Photo by Russell Smith
“A time to be born … a time to die.” Everything that follows is commentary. Every change listed in this famous poem indicates a little death. Every passing from one season to the next is a call to die to what has been, to let go of the season we’ve presently been enjoying. To become a college student, we must die to being a high schooler. To become a husband or wife, we must let the single life pass away. To become a parent, we must bury the freedom of childlessness.
When we cling to a season past its time, then we create an idol.
We’re like the child hiding the snowball in the freezer so that we can keep winter around for a while.
We’re like the 30 year old still wearing his letterman jacket to high school football games.
We’re like the 50 year old going to bars trying to pick up 20 year olds.
The prophet Springsteen sang it best: “Time slips away and leaves you with nothing mister but boring stories of … glory days. Well they’ll pass you by, glory days, in the wink of a young girls’ eye… glory days.”
Ecclesiastes teaches us that every release is also an embrace of what is next. When we let go of the idol of the season of life we desperately want to preserve, then we are free to embrace what is to come. Every little release happens as an embrace of what is to come.
And this teaches us how to die.
This prepares our heart to grasp Jesus’ teaching: “whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and for the gospel will save it. What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul?” (Mark 8:35-36)
To gain his life a man must lose it. Every little release is a little death, and is therefore a further embrace of the grace of Jesus. This prepares us for the final release, when we let go of this world and say, “into your hands I commit my spirit.”
And in so doing, we gain the permanence of eternity. Yet paradoxically, we’re trained for it by the transience of this life.
Note: this is part of a series of meditations on Ecclesiastes. See the whole series via the menu option at the top of the page.
Bible, change, Death, Dying, Ecclesiastes, Spiritual Disciplines
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4 thoughts on “A Time to Die (Meditation on Ecclesiastes 3:1-11, part 1)”
I like that: release and embrace. In spite of the pain associated with release, a positive attitude of “embrace” for what’s next can make the transition easier and quicker. And as much as I liked that truism, I LOVED your conclusion: Every little death is preparing us for the final release; the transience of this life prepares us for the permanence of eternity.
Uplifting writing, Russell!
Thanks, Nancy. There’s more to come on this particular passage – I just haven’t had the opportunity to get around to putting the next post up. You are a blessing.
Tonya Culton
Russell, I LOVE THIS! Oddly enough, I was just reading an article by a psychologist in New York City (said like the guy in the ad for Pace Picante sauce!), and she wrote that when she let go of the past she made room for the future. It resonated with me when I read her article, but your essay is so much better since it includes the Christian aspect of letting go. It is especially wonderful for a woman coming to terms with her older self. =) =)
Tonya, you bless me. Thanks so much for your encouragement. Miss y’all | [
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] |
The Next Generation Is Even More Committed to Video Than Ever
People born after the year 2000, sometimes referred to as Generation Z, are the first generation to grow up exclusively as digital natives. What this means is that their upbringing was closely tied in with digital technology- they don’t know life without iPhones, Netflix, social media, and most importantly the internet. This has vastly changed how the industry will be delivering video to consumers going forward.
Both Generation Z and Millennials were raised consuming video differently than other generations. They gravitate almost exclusively towards online video and streaming websites that range anywhere from Facebook and YouTube to Netflix and Tik Tok. The formula for creating successful video content has been forever changed by these new mediums, where on-demand, short form video reigns supreme.
According to Cisco, a Fortune 100 company, an estimated 82% of internet traffic globally will consist of video content by 2022, up from 75% in 2017. Additionally, Google’s research data states that over 70% of shoppers say online video has helped them learn more about an auto product they intend to buy. Because consumer spending habits grow and peak between ages 34 and 55, this trend will continue to grow as more Gen Z and Millennials enter that age range. If we look at total video consumption, YouTube reaches more 18 to 49 year-olds in America than any U.S. cable network according to Google’s chief business officer, Omid Kordestani.
So what does this mean for us, a video production company? It means we’re constantly staying up to date on new cutting edge trends in video production and animation. Since it takes just a split second to click away, we must create content that catches a viewer’s eye. With over 500 hours of video uploaded every minute to YouTube, it’s more important than ever to stand out from others. Additionally, over 70% of YouTube views are on mobile according to Hootsuite, a social media marketing company. This means we must create a compelling visual story coupled with a strong message that keeps viewers engaged with the content.
When creating animation, video, or even an audio production, it’s essential to keep it short and engaging. With this changing landscape, video production is becoming more and more relevant to consumers, and video is increasingly in demand for a wide variety of platforms. No matter what stereotypes or judgements exist about Gen Z or Millennials and their massive shift to short form video content, they will soon become the primary age group for a majority of all consumers.
https://sprocketmediaworks.com/2021/03/11/the-next-generation-is-even-more-committed-to-video-than-ever/
Source by Patrick Bedall | [
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