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Voodoo In Benin
348 Words2 Pages
Benin was formed in 1960 when the colony of French Dahomey gained independence from France. Prior to that, it was divided between two coastal kingdoms that were Dahomey and Porto-Novo. Benin is made up of 43,483 square miles and extends about 420 miles from the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the Niger River. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo and the form of government is made up of a combined republic with one legislative house. In Benin, there are two climatic zones, the southern and the northern, which have four distinct seasons, two being wet and two being dry. The homes in Benin take the form of traditional African mud homes, markets, shrines, and statues that can be seen throughout the towns. There are many ethnic groups in Benin despite attempts for national…show more content…
The official language of Benin is French, but each ethnic group has it’s own language which is also spoken, with the most widely spoken languages being Fon and Gen. The predominant religion is Christian made up of Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, and independent Christian Domination while Muslim religion also has a place. One can’t speak of Benin without mentioning that it is the birthplace of voodoo. Voodoo is recognized as an official religion in Benin and is followed by more than 40% of the population. Voodoo in Benin isn’t seen as negative as it is in the West; in fact many who are officially Christian incorporate some Voodoo elements into their beliefs as it is seen not only as a religion, but also as a way of life. People in Benin tend to cook outside and generally cook two meals a day that are made up of a starch eaten with a sauce that contains meat or fish and vegetables. Smoked, dried or fresh fish are general
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TAG Heuer Connected x Super Mario
As far as the case is concerned, the super clone watches retains the design cues familiar to its predecessors: specifically, it draws outlines from TAG Heuer’s standard mechanical Carrera, with a diameter of 45 mm, a steel thickness of 13.5 mm, sharp edges and corners, extended lugs The black ceramic bezel contrasts sharply with its metallic appearance.
A closer look will reveal the unique color scheme of this Cheap Tag Heuer Replica watch, the red hue derived from the name “Super Mario”, and the iconic Mario pattern on the lacquered bezel. Mushrooms, pipes and stars occupy four quarters of the hour. Three positions.
In terms of functionality, Connected x Super Mario provides basically the same features as the previous version of Connected, including an interactive display, a full day of battery life, fast charging, and various sensors, including a heart rate monitor, compass, accelerometer, and others Metrics, and recorded activities.
These sensors, combined with smartphone connections, help provide data for the various applications and options of the watch, ensuring that the wearer lives the most digitally connected life possible.
It provides an interesting and cool element, while also adding some additional gamification to the watch: All day long, Super Mario will become lifelike. When the wearer achieves his or her various activity goals, it is displayed on the Tag Heuer Replica Watch. On-screen-from the animated tip of the hat when Connected is worn on the wrist to the character’s famous sliding off the flagpole when the 100% goal is reached.
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An analysis of the short story “One of My Best Friends” by Peter Goldsworthy shows that the text is structured chronologically, following the narrator from childhood to adulthood. The story does not follow a traditional plot line, as the events are described in several episodes which are not connected by cause and effect.
The main characters of the story are Willy and the narrator. The narrator is white, while Willy is half-Aboriginal. The story follows their childhood friendship and adulthood reunion, when the conflict between the two is revealed.
The physical setting is the Australian town where the narrator meets Willy while they are children and where they reunite when they are adults. The social setting focuses on the relationship between white Australians and Aboriginals, and on the discrimination experienced by the latter.
The events are described by a first-person narrator, who is directly involved in the story. The narrator is most likely unreliable, as he is a bully and shows his bias and prejudice towards various social groups.
The language used by the author is Australian English and contains informal expressions. This offers an insight into the narrator’s personality and shows his bias against certain social categories.
A full analysis of the short story can be found in the following pages.
Short story analysis
I denne vejledning får du Studienets hjælp til at analysere noveller (short stories) i engelsk.
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A heatwave in the Northern Territory is expected to reach its peak in the middle of this week, with some areas being warned to brace for potential record temperatures.
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Toolkit Golden Rules of Composition in Art – Explained & Illustrated
Ardak Kassenova
What is Composition in Art? Why is Composition important? What is the most common purpose for Composition in Art? | Practical Tips and Techniques
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Looking for something in particular? Jump ahead using the links below:
Jump to Golden Rules of Composition | Pick a good subject | Plan your composition | Create a strong focal point | Use of compositional maps | Colour choice | Positive and negative spaces | Scale and perspective
What is Composition in art?
Composition in art is the arrangement of the various elements within an artwork. In more detail, it is how the elements of art and design – line, shape, form, colour, texture, value, and space – are laid out in accordance to the principles of art and design – scale, proportion, unity, variety, rhythm, mass, shape, space, balance, contrast, emphasis, volume, perspective, and depth. Creating a harmonious relationship between the elements and the principles. Here in this article, I tried to explain the basic principles and rules of composition in simple terms, with illustrative examples based on the great masters’ works, and a few of my own as well.
“The Fighting Temeraire” by J.M.W. Turner
What is the most common purpose for Composition in art?
Composition is an often overlooked step in art making. Perhaps all the rules put together seem too daunting, but if you tackle them one at a time, you’ll realize that they’re actually quite straightforward. Understanding the how and why of each rule gives you the freedom to creatively use them in endless ways or even to break away from them. When done right, it brings you one step closer to creating a compelling work of art.
How you arrange and position the elements within an artwork will affect how a viewer experiences and interacts with it. If the elements to be used are haphazardly planned, the final work can end up being too chaotic. The goal is for all of them to exist together in harmony. For each work, one or two elements may dominate and become the focal point(s), and the other elements take supporting roles. A successful composition in art ensures that there aren’t too many elements competing for attention. This way, the viewer’s eye will know where to focus and can better appreciate the work in its entirety.
The Golden Rules of Composition
And after drawing comes composition. A well-composed painting is half done.’Pierre Bonnard
Leonardo Da Vinci’s ink drawing called “The Vitruvian Man” is an excellent example of the ultimate golden rule, the “Golden Ratio” in art composition. Mathematically, it is a ratio of 1 to 1.618, also known as the “Golden Number”. It illustrates the ideal proportions of the human body, blending mathematics and art perfectly. During the Renaissance, artists called it the “Divine Proportion”, they applied the mathematical theory to their compositions in order to create an aesthetically pleasing and balanced work of art. The most common application of it is the usage of a Golden Rectangle as illustrated in the image below.
Using Leonardo Da Vinci’s “The Vitruvian Man”, start with a rectangle with its sides measuring in the 1:1.618 ratio. Then divide that rectangle into a square and rectangle that gives you a new and smaller rectangle in the 1:1.618 ratio. Continue this partitioning within each new rectangle, they get smaller but are still adhering to the ratio.
That is just a very quick passing on the Golden Ratio, for it certainly deserves its own chapter for an in-depth understanding of its history, the mathematics, and how it can be put into practice. Today, there are other simpler and easier ways to achieve a good composition in art. Let’s dive into each one below.
Pick a Good Subject
Picking a good subject matter that is aesthetically pleasing might sound too obvious, but creating a good composition starts with having a great subject and brings you one step closer to your goal. Why not start by finding inspiration from subjects around your home for a still life or perhaps you will feel more inspired by the outdoors? You can start with a theme in mind, such as various landscapes, or simply something that is striking to the eye like a vase of vibrant flowers, to help develop your use of colour.
Don’t limit yourself, try to explore them all, and you might just stumble on the one that inspires you the most. It’s important that you are genuinely interested in your subject, this passion will sustain you and will show in your finished work. Keep in mind that your aim early on is to develop your skills, and to quote Vincent Van Gogh, “As practice makes perfect, I cannot but make progress; each drawing one makes, each study one paints, is a step forward.” As you can see, Van Gogh’s interest with the sunflowers was so great that he created so many paintings of them as the subject matter.
Vincent Van Gogh’s four versions of The Arles Sunflowers.
Clockwise from top left: 1st version, 2nd version, 3rd version, and 4th version. Each painting has sunflowers as the subject, and yet each one differs from the other versions, showing how much you can explore the variations of a single subject that genuinely interests you.
Plan Your Composition
To create a good composition in art, imagine you are designing a visual map for the viewer, to draw their attention towards a strong focal point. If the elements are just randomly placed without thought as to their function, the viewer will be left in confusion and may lose interest because the work feels incomplete. This is why how you arrange them in your painting should be done with great consideration and careful study. The last thing you want is your work looking like a collection of scattered items without harmony and connection to each other.
This is where the habit of daily sketching will greatly benefit you, having a sketch journal at hand gives you time to work on your ideas, write down your notes, and create several studies of your potential artwork before moving on to the next stage.
My Pen and Ink sketch of the castle in Italy using our ZenART Artist Sketchbook Journal – B6 pocket size, which I bring with me for drawing outdoors. I first made a quick sketch to carefully work on the composition before doing any painting. As you can see I slightly ran out of paper, and the lower part of the sketch couldn’t fit. 🙂 Nevertheless, I was happy with the key elements of composition. In the long run, this will save you time, especially precious when working en plein air, will keep you from wasting your art materials unnecessarily, and keep your spirits high.
Create a Strong Focal Point
The focal point of a painting is the section which naturally draws in the eye of the viewer. Focal points have no restrictions and can be of any size, shape, or colour you choose. Creating strong focal points is an essential skill to master as it will influence the overall composition of your artwork and how it will be viewed. To ensure that, there are several techniques that artists can use – contrast, isolation, placement, convergence, and the unusual. Before you begin any painting, take your time and come up with a focal point. Ask yourself questions such as:
• What is the main attraction of my painting?
• How do I want it to stand out?
• What technique can I use to make sure it stands out?
These leading questions will ensure that your art composition has a strong focal point and will capture the viewer’s attention.
In this painting by Gerrit van Honthorst titled “The Matchmaker”, the contrast between light and shadow (chiaroscuro) was used to create a strong focal point – the warmly lit lady on the right, while the other two on the left serve as accents.
Use of Compositional Maps
Brilliant art masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Giotto, and Titian perfected this compositional drawing technique. Compositional maps emphasize the main subjects of the painting, allowing them to stand out from the rest by capturing the viewers’ eye, seamlessly leading it around the artwork towards the focal point.
The Triangle
The triangle in art is a time-tested favourite among artists when aspiring to create a perfectly balanced composition. It’s a very stable and strong shape and translates well when used as a compositional guide.
The lines guide the eye of the viewer to move from one point of the triangle to the next in a continuous flow, eliminating distractions and allowing the eye to focus on the main subjects with great ease. The invisible triangle visually holds all of the painting’s elements and their relationship to each other together.
Raphael’s “Canigiani Holy Family.” Joseph (his head as the peak) hunched over his staff looks down on Elisabeth who is seated (her body’s position perfectly aligned to the edge of the triangle) with John the Baptist on her lap with his body following the form of hers creating a smooth flow, he in turn looks onto and touches baby Jesus, who is similarly positioned on Mary’s lap, and finally her head rests under Joseph’s arms, completing the flow of the triangle.
When you use more triangles, the chances of achieving a more dynamic composition in your work increases as well. Below is an example of an artwork containing more than one triangle, creating a very interesting visual conversation.
Edgar Degas’ “Dance Class at the Opera.” The form of the ballerina on the left follows the diagonal line towards the other ballerina stretching her leg following the same line. On the right side, the ballerina’s body mimics the corner of the triangle, with her stretched foot pointing towards the solo ballerina on the left. She and the other ballerinas’ positions follow the diagonal line, leaving the Ballet Master framed in the triangle, he in turn is looking at the solo ballerina on the left as she looks back at him as well. The empty chair is left alone and centre at another triangle. The story this painting creates is just astounding. It makes you wonder, who is the chair for?
The Rule of Thirds
Three is clearly a golden number when laying out the different elements in art and is by nature, also a balanced number. This mathematical theory can be used in creating compositions in art as well, it helps the placement of the subjects in your painting to remain balanced and not all crowded at the centre.
J.M.W. Turner’s famous landscape painting, “The Fighting Temeraire,” is a classic example of the Rule of Thirds. The ships intersect the left vertical line while the horizon starts at the lower horizontal line. The off centre placement of the ships gives it a more dynamic flow and contrast against the vast backdrop of the sea and sky.
This is how it works: Imagine your picture plane, then divide it by thirds of both horizontal and vertical lines. Now, you have grid-like divisions across the whole surface. The four points where the horizontal and vertical lines intersect each other will be the best placements for your focal points.
It’s time to decide which of the four to use for your main focal point, then use the remaining three points for the supporting elements. Placing your important subjects on or very near these points ensures an even distribution and creates an aesthetically appealing composition. This gives the eye of the viewers a balanced space to move around in and better appreciate each key element of the painting.
My plein air painting of a castle in Italy using our very own Artists’ Oil paints from the Infinity Palette Series. I made a sketch first (which you’ve seen earlier) and used the Rule of Thirds for this art composition. The three towering sections of the castle serve as the main structures (they are positioned abutting the vertical lines), with the focal point being the clock tower, while the greenery below and the blue skies above perfectly frame the castle.
Make use of the magic circle
Using the magic circle in your composition in art gives it a sense of balance accompanied by the flowing motion of the circular shape, creating a natural attraction between the viewers’ eye and the artwork. To use this drawing technique, you can have an actual round shaped object with or as your subject or place your key elements in a circular formation, this ensures that your viewers’ attention is focused exactly where you want it to be.
Using my ZenART B5 Artist Sketchbook, I made a watercolour study for an oil painting using the magic circle. At the top left, you can see that I sketched the Koi fishes in motion, swimming together in a circular formation. As noted above, symbolic of the cycle of giving and receiving, to soak up nature’s healing energy.
Nicolas Poussin’s “A Dance to the Music of Time”, is a great example of the use of the magic circle. The dancers are formed in a circle with their hands clasped together and are evidently in motion – dancing around in a circle. This painting also used “The Triangle”, making the overall composition even more dynamic.
Balance of your Colour Choices
Now that you’re familiar with the different ways you can achieve eye-catching compositional mapping, let’s get acquainted with the similarly important theory of colour harmony. In art composition, colour harmony deals with the various characteristics that aesthetically pleasing colour combinations have. These combinations create contrasts and complements that are considered to be harmonious. They can be of complementary colours, split-complementary colours, colour triads, or analogous colours.
When choosing your colours, make sure that they are in balance with each other. Study the difference between warm and cool colours and take advantage of the Colour Mixing Guide to help you plan out your colour palette.
Henri Matisse’s painting titled “Dance” uses the split-complementary colour harmony quite vividly. It was said that he painted them directly from the paint tubes. He used only three colours – red, green, and blue. The stark brightness of the red against the subdued green and blue background colours creates an intense contrast. This painting also makes use of the Magic Circle as its main compositional map. Just like the dancers in Poussin’s “A Dance to the Music of Time”, the dancers here are similarly dancing in a circle with hands clasped together.
Balance Positive and Negative Space
Positive space is the main focus of your artwork, while the negative space is the background or the area surrounding your main object. Negative space is not blank space, but rather serves as a support to accentuate the object of focus. Balancing the negative and positive space is a delicate process, you can easily go overboard either way if you’re not careful. To be on the safe side, try to keep approximately equal amounts of negative and positive space in your art composition. However, if you wish to create a busy, crowded painting, using a lot of negative space works well by giving emphasis to the positive space. When used well, how you balance your positive and negative space will help tell your stories in your compositions in art alone.
In this illustration, the concept of positive and negative space is up to what the viewer sees. The composition contains both the vase and the silhouetted faces. If you see a vase, the faces recede and become the background. If you see the faces, then the vase becomes the background. Whichever is dominant to the viewer’s eye becomes the positive space.
Here you will see the differences between the negative and positive space when used equally and in disproportionate amounts. From top to bottom: The first illustration shows a balanced positive and negative space, the second shows a mostly negative space, and the third shows a mostly positive space.
Katsushika Hokusai’s “The Great Wave off Kanagawa” shows great balance between positive and negative space. The background (negative space) subtly allows the great wave (positive space) to be the main feature of the art composition.
Master Scale and Perspective
The term scale refers to the size of an object in relation to the other objects in your artwork. We often relate scale to the size of the human body, if the object is smaller or bigger in relation to us. It also refers to the whole structure of your work’s composition in art.
Artists from various periods have explored the use of scale to create visual impacts. When used with ideal proportions, it can give your painting a sense of realism. But when altered to a larger or smaller than life size, allows the artist the opportunity to make a statement or bring an element of whim or fantasy to the work.
Rene Magritte’s “The Portrait of Stephy Langui” tells a very surreal story through the use of larger than life objects. Stephy is peering in the cavern while the two men seem to be oblivious to her and the enormous rock beside them. How your compositions are seen can be quite subjective, a different story may unfold for each viewer’s eye.
In ancient Egyptian art, scale was used to depict the hierarchical status of the figures or objects. Gods and pharaohs were painted larger than the average person, while slaves were painted smaller.
Perspective is a technique used to create three-dimensional imagery on two-dimensional surfaces to give them the illusion of depth. When it comes to compositions, there are two kinds of perspective – linear perspective and atmospheric (aerial) perspective.
Linear Perspective
Linear perspective is achieved by using lines and vanishing points. As the object draws nearer to the vanishing point, the smaller and less detailed it will be. A single artwork can contain a one-point perspective, two-point perspective, or a multiple-point perspective.
My watercolour and pen and ink study on my ZenART B6 Artist Sketchbook of a convent in Italy using one-point perspective. The pathway, the pillars, and the arches all follow the linear path and become smaller and smaller as they near the vanishing point.
Gustave Caillebotte’s “Paris Street; Rainy Day” illustrates the use of a two-point perspective at a Parisian intersection with great accuracy as shown above.
Imagine yourself walking along a straight road with telephone poles lining the sidewalk. The poles nearest you are tall and the details are clear; but as you look ahead, the poles gradually become smaller and the details become hazier and hazier the farther they are from you. Eventually, the last ones visible to your eye look so small that it seems like you could pick them up with your thumb and forefinger. Having a thorough understanding of perspective is quite important when creating art compositions of landscapes and cityscapes.
Atmospheric perspective
Another way to show depth and distance in your painting is through the use of atmospheric perspective. As the name suggests, this is a technique that shows the effect of the atmosphere in your composition. For example – objects in the foreground like the grass, nearby trees, and flowers are in sharper focus and details and have deeper or brighter colours and values. As the landscape recedes, the atmosphere will cause objects to appear paler, blurry, and have a bluer tone. If the sky is overcast with little to no sun, the atmosphere will cause distant objects to look even paler and less sharp, having an even more greyish than blue tone.
Normally, the farther the background goes, the paler the bluish tone will be. But remember, there are always exceptions especially in nature. Autumn colors, a cloud casting a shadow on a faraway hill, areas that are suddenly more densely covered with trees – all these can cause some areas in the background to be darker or of a different colour. Just be sure to observe your surroundings with thoughtfulness and try to capture the beautiful colour changes you see.
Claude Lorrain’s “Seaport at Sunset” perfectly captures the magic of atmospheric (aerial perspective) that can be achieved in art compositions. The objects at the foreground are full of details and are painted in vivid colors. The farther the background is from the foreground, the more diminished the details become, the distant areas look a little foggy, and the colors become lighter and lighter. The bluish tone is overlaid with the warm tones coming from the setting sun on the horizon.
Contrasting colours helps give an illusion of depth and space in your painting. With the use of warm, earthy colours for the foreground and cool colours for the horizon, thereby creating the optical perception of even greater depth.
(On top) My sketch study of a castle in Italy in pen and ink on our ZenART B6 Sketchbook Journal.
(Below) Mid-progress of my painting on canvas using contrasting colours. You can see how helpful it is to first sketch out your ideas, simplify and even make compositional decisions (like removing some trees) before committing to it on canvas.
Practicing the use of scaling and perspective can be easy! Start out by studying photos showing fundamentally correct scales and perspectives, copying their layout, and paying close attention to how the details differ or change. And nothing beats painting en plein air for a better understanding of how atmospheric perspective works. Once you have a better grasp of how these two work together, you can slowly explore and experiment on the different ways you can use them for your own compositions in art.
I hope that this has given you all the tools you need to explore and experiment in creating your own compositions. Take your time and tackle each rule or technique one at a time. Remember to keep your sketch journal handy and practice sketching on it as often as you can, bring it along as you never know when or where inspiration might strike!
And of course, we’d like to hear about your experience. Which rules of composition are new for you? Which one/s do you normally/intuitively use? What rule of composition in art do you find most challenging? Feel free to leave a comment, and we’ll be happy to answer any queries you have.
So, now that you have gone through the Golden Rules of Composition, it’s time to put them into practice! The next chapter we have in store for you will help you jumpstart your composition exercises – Tricks of the Composition Trade, easy and useful tips you can use to help you achieve great art compositions.
Ardak Kassenova is a London based contemporary artist, co-founder and creative director of ZenART Supplies. Her visual style—contemporary impressionism—share similar aesthetic qualities with those by the French Impressionists. After 20 years of a successful corporate career, becoming a mother to two wonderful girls, and with the continuous development of her practice by taking private lessons from the best artists she could find; Ardak decided it’s time to align her life with her true passion, Art. Driven by this passion and her corporate leadership background, she co-founded ZenART.
My heart and soul were always with Art, and since my childhood as long as I remember myself, I was dreaming to be an artist. I was painting after work, when I had time, and teaching myself through the books, videos, visiting art galleries and museums. I’ve been very curious about different techniques and styles, and therefore accumulated knowledge and experience on a variety of mediums.”
Read more about Ardak Kassenova in this feature. Say hello to @ardak_zenart on Instagram!
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What is a Chassis?
The term “chassis” refers to a framework, or base, that supports something else. Electronic devices like televisions and computers typically have metal chassis on which the circuit boards and electronic components are mounted. In the automotive industry, the chassis is one of the main, structural design components. In that context, a chassis is essentially the metal “frame” component that is used in body-on-frame construction. The term “rolling chassis” refers to that frame plus the drivetrain, suspension, and other essential non-body components.
lotus elise rolling chassis
This Lotus Elise rolling chassis includes the frame, powertrain, suspension, and a few other components
The Frame in Body-on-Frame
In automotive design, there are two basic construction techniques that are defined by which component provides the structural integrity of the vehicle. Those two styles are defined as using a “structural frame” or a “structural shell.” Vehicles that use body-on-frame designs have a “structural frame” that is composed of a frame, which itself is the main component of the vehicle’s chassis.
While the terms “frame” and “chassis” aren’t completely interchangeable, they do refer to more or less the same thing: the structural skeleton that the rest of the vehicle is built on. The frame is the actual metal structure that supports the coachwork, powertrain, and suspension, while the chassis is the frame plus any number of non-body components.
Rolling Chassis
rolling chassis
This rolling chassis includes the front cowl.
The term “rolling chassis” refers to a vehicle frame that has a number of components attached to it. These components typically include the engine, transmission, drivetrain, suspension, wheels, steering linkage, and other non-body components. In fact, a rolling chassis is often a complete vehicle minus the bodywork. These rolling chassis are often delivered to coachbuilders that use them in the production of motorhomes and other vehicles.
In addition to bare, rolling chassis, automakers often provide other types of chassis to coachbuilders. One common configuration is the “chassis cab” that includes the chassis and a van or truck cab, in which case the coachbuilder adds the rest of the body behind the cab. Another variation is the “cowl and chassis” that includes a rolling chassis, the front cowl, and one or more seats.
Glider Chassis
Like a rolling chassis, a glider lacks any bodywork. However, gliders also lack any powertrain components (i.e. engine, transmission, drivetrain). These chassis are typically equipped with suspension components, wheels, etc, so they can be moved but will not move under their own power. Additionally, glider kits often come with a body or cab in addition to the chassis.
JD Laukkonen
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Does Magnesium Make You Sleepy?
Does magnesium make you sleepy? Yes it may as it can have a relaxing effect on the body. Your body needs magnesium and can often be deficient in this key mineral.learn more
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Investigating Irish Heritage Barley responses to waterlogging
• Patrick Langan
Waterlogging is a major constraint to barley production and is expected to become a more significant problem as the frequency of flooding events is set to increase with climate change. Heritage barley lines have seen a renewed interest as brewers and distilleries search for unique selling points. Those maintaining heritage varieties at the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (DAFM) have noted that many have larger root systems than modern counterparts. As waterlogging is a stress primarily associated with roots, a larger root system may provide an advantage. This project aims to characterise the response of Irish Heritage Barley cultivars to waterlogging stress using image-based phenotyping in both field and controlled conditions.
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blob: 6a0b15c8e297ffae2d7d80e4bbc36843840a4c00 [file] [log] [blame]
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#include "AsfParserDefs.h"
class AsfSimpleIndexParser {
AsfSimpleIndexInfo* getIndexInfo() const;
// buffer must contain a complete simple index object
int parse(uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t size);
// seek to the closest previous or next sync packet. time stamp is in 100-nanosecond units
int seek(uint64_t seekTime, bool nextSync, uint32_t& packetNumber, uint64_t& targetTime);
// return maximum video packet count per object, readable when simple index object is parsed.
// If simple index object is not parsed or is not available, 0 is returned
uint32_t getMaximumPacketCount();
void resetIndexInfo();
enum {
// 4 bytes of "packet number" plus 2 bytes of "packet count"
AsfSimpleIndexInfo *mIndexInfo;
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D4P Service Maps
D4P Architects operate nationally and in the following areas:
Architects Barnet
Architects Belsize Park
Architect Bexleyheath
Architects Brixton
Camden Architects
Architects Clapham
Clerkenwell Architects
Croydon Architects
Architects Ealing
Architects East Dulwich
Architects East London
Architects Farringdon
Fulham Architects
Hammersmith Architects
Hampstead Architects
Islington Architects
Architect Lewisham
London Architects
Architects North London
Architects Putney
Richmond Architects
Architects South East London
Architects Southwark
Architects Surbiton
Architects Teddington
Architect Wandsworth
Architects West London
Architects Wimbledon
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Browse wiki
Threat analysis - Information Mapping II
Kind of learning session Holistic +
Learning objectives To understand how data travels electronica
To understand how data travels electronically and the points at which it can be subjected to surveillance, adding important actors including internet service providers, online service providers etc. to the actor maps. To detect basic threats to sensitive information for responses.
ts to sensitive information for responses. +
Methodology Methodology == Activity/Discussion: Romeo
Methodology == Activity/Discussion: Romeo and Juliet (10 minutes) == '''Step 1.''' Get participants to sit around in a 'U' shape facing the flipchart. Designate a “Romeo” and a “Juliet” at both extremities of the group of participants (can also be “Romeo and Romeo”, “Juliet and Julia”, or any other combination). '''Step 2.''' Explain that we will explore how the internet works, as an example of how data is transferred digitally, the threats to its integrity, and the potential ways of protecting it. Participants will map out a 'political' version of how the internet works, while the facilitator can map out the 'technical' version. '''Step 3.''' Instruct 'Romeo' to write a message to 'Juliet'. Romeo and Juliet will communicate, and since there is no internet, they depend on us to help them. == Input: How the Internet Works (45 minutes) == '''Steps & Input'''. Information, such as an e-mail, passes through at least the following points as it is transferred electronically over the internet. Once Romeo/Juliet have written their first message, have them pass it around the 'U' until it reaches the other. For each, ask them what they can read of the message and give them a sheet indicating their role. 1. '''Computer''' of the sender of the message (i.e. Romeo) 2. The '''router''' in the building or area where Romeo connects to the internet 3. The '''Internet Service Provider''', who owns the router. The ISP is usually a large company which must comply with the laws of the country. 4. The '''National Gateways''': part of the telecommunication infrastructure of the country, where the optic cables enter the territory of the country. It is often controlled by the State, or may be operated by a private company. The data may pass through several countries, ISPs and Gateways as it travels to the servers of the online service. 5. Eventually the email will arrive at the Gateway, and the '''ISP of the email provider''' (e.g. Yahoo!, in the United States) 6. It arrives at the '''servers of Yahoo'''! 7. When Juliet checks her email, the mail will pass through a combination of the above again before arriving at her ISP, her router and her computer. While in real life we send postcards referring to real physical addresses, devices also have addresses to send data around the internet: these are called '''IP addresses'''. IP addresses usually refer to concrete physical addresses too. Demonstrate: http://whatismyipaddress.com ''HTTP Traffic: A Postcard'' The first round of passing messages between Romeo and Juliet, they pass a message with content (a message) and an address, just like a postcard. And, like a postcard, this can be read at every point along the way. This kind of traffic is called HTTP Traffic. ''HTTPS Traffic: An Envelope'' '''Step 1.''' Ask participants – what is the first step that should be taken to protect the postcard? They should respond with the idea of putting it into an envelope – so provide an envelope to the person in the role of Yahoo! '''Step 2 Input.''' The difference with the internet is that the envelope is provided by the online service provider (the website). Romeo or Juliet must **ask for the envelope** and then write another message, inside the envelope, with an address on it. In this case, only Yahoo can read the message, since they provided the envelope. They can also copy and share this content. '''Step 3 Input.'''Everyone else can only read the address and the names of the sender and recipient. That is, the metadata. Metadata is still important and widely used for surveillance. We must not think about the sensitivity of our content in isolation, as metadata is often 'enough' for many State surveillance programs. ''Encrypted Traffic: A lockbox'' '''Step 1.''' Imagine that one day a magical 'gnome' (the facilitator) appears to Juliet and says to her: Juliet! Do you want Romeo to send you a note so that no one along the way can tell what it is? Then you should give him this, your very own open lockbox. This is a magical lockbox. '''Step 2''' Hand 'Juliet' the open box. Your lockbox is magical because: You have as many of the same lockbox as you want. You can give it to whomever you want to have send you confidential messages. Once they put their message in your lockbox and send it to you, another lockbox is magically there for them to use. Once they close and lock your lockbox, only its PRIVATE key can open it. '''Step 3''' Hand 'Juliet' the key. This is your Private key. ONLY YOU have this key. It is yours, and it is private. Keep your private key very safe. DON'T lose or share your private key. It will always open this lockbox and all of its copies. If you lose this private key, you will NOT be able to open the lockboxes associated with it. NEVER. (Optional) The private key will imprint itself on you the first time, with your kiss. Thereafter it will only work after you kiss it to tell it that it is you who are using it and no one else (metaphor for self-authentication via password). From this point on, the key will only work with your kiss. '''Step 4''' Concept checking. Ask participants: What does Romeo need in order to send Juliet a message? (her lockbox) Can Juliet send him a private message back? (Not yet). In order for both sides to be able to communicate privately, they both need a lock box and they both need a key. So, the gnome repeats the process above with Romeo. Repeat the process above with Romeo. '''Step 5''' Romeo and Juliet now have everything they need in order to communicate securely. All they need to do is exchange lockboxes! How can they do this? In person / Through the postal system like before. Have Romeo and Juliet exchange lockboxes and have Juliet send Romeo a message in his lockbox. '''Step 6 Input''' This process is how a kind of email encryption known as GPG works. Each of us has a public 'lockbox' which we share with everyone, and a private key which is password-protected which we maintain for ourselves and share with nobody. In order to communicate securely, we exchange our public lockboxes. After that, we can use them in certain computer programs to encrypt and send messages. However when a 'lockbox' (encrypted message) goes through the postal system, it's clear what it is, at least to Yahoo! Therefore it could be suspicious and draw attention to yourself. ''Circumvention and Anonymity'' We can circumvent the system of IP addresses which facilitates censorship and online tracking through using softwares such as a VPN or TOR. A VPN is less effective at anonymizing, although it is not suspicious. TOR is more effective at anonymizing, but also more suspicious. == Deepening: Written Information Map – Information in Motion (30 minutes) == Summarise the threats to sensitive information in motion, potential tactics and their advantages and pitfalls after the exercise. You may want to create a table such as the below: HTTP / HTTPS / End-to-end Encryption / TOR Content protected from ISP (and whomever No / Yes / Yes / Yes they share it with) Content protected from website/service owners No / No / Yes / No (and whomever they share it with) Metadata protected No / No / No / Yes Introduce the information map for information in motion, explaining each of its parts. Participants fill out the map for information in motion (see handout) for 15 minutes and share reflections. == Synthesis: Return to Actor Map == Participants return to their Actor Maps and add any important new actors according to the map of how the internet works. Suspicious Depends on content / No / Potentially / Potentially
No / Potentially / Potentially +
Number of facilitators involved 1 +
Prerequisites Better to do it after actor mapping session. +
Technical needs Flipchart/Whiteboard, markers, envelopes, postcards/small sheets of paper, pens, cipher OR two small boxes with keys +
Theoretical and on line resources Holistic Security Guide Security in a Box https://securityinabox.org +
Title of the tutorial Information Mapping Part 2 +
Tutorial category Discussion +
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Duration (hours) +
Categories Tutorials
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Neutri-soft Cream
for topical treatment
-Dry Skin
-Eczema(Atopic Dermatitis)
-Contact Dermatitis
-Nipple Fissures
How it works:
Neutri-Soft is Natural formula that ensure protection of skin, offering a
Moisturizing effect and , prevent dryness.
Dexapanthenol :
-Is converted in tissues to pantothenic acid, a component of coenzyme A. Coenzyme A catalyses early steps in the synthesis of fatty acids and sphingo lipids which are of crucial importance for stratum corneum lipid bilayers and cell membrane integrity.
-Works as a humectant, by infusing water in the cells, retaining moisture deep within the skins.
Mineral Oil :
Working as Occlusive layer, preventing evaporation of the water from skin
How to use:
Apply once or twice daily.
Active Ingredients Function Concentration
dexa panthenol anti inflammatory 5%
mineral oil anti inflammatory 10%
thyme oil antioxidant 0.50%
vitamin E moisturizer 0.3%
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anatomy and physiology of renal system pdf
Anatomy And Physiology Of Renal System Pdf
By Leal G.
On Friday, November 27, 2020 2:49:01 AM
File Name: anatomy and physiology of renal system .zip
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Published: 27.11.2020
Community Blog
Urine is a waste byproduct formed from excess water and metabolic waste molecules during the process of renal system filtration. The primary function of the renal system is to regulate blood volume and plasma osmolarity, and waste removal via urine is essentially a convenient way that the body performs many functions using one process. Urine formation occurs during three processes:. During filtration, blood enters the afferent arteriole and flows into the glomerulus where filterable blood components, such as water and nitrogenous waste, will move towards the inside of the glomerulus, and nonfilterable components, such as cells and serum albumins, will exit via the efferent arteriole. These filterable components accumulate in the glomerulus to form the glomerular filtrate.
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in the renal system. They help the body pass waste as urine. They also help filter blood before sending it back to the heart. Nephrons are the most important part of each kidney. They take in blood, metabolize nutrients, and help pass out waste products from filtered blood. Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons. Each has its own internal set of structures.
Kidney Overview
The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. Each kidney is attached to a ureter , a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder. The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each adult human kidney contains around 1 million nephrons, while a mouse kidney contains only about 12, nephrons. The kidney participates in the control of the volume of various body fluids , fluid osmolality , acid-base balance , various electrolyte concentrations, and removal of toxins.
Complete Anatomy features in Apple Launch Learn more. Also known as the urinary tract, the urinary system is composed of organs specialized in the production and storage of urine and its excretion from the body. They include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra, all labelled below. In a healthy adult, the urinary bladder has a capacity of about ml. Each component of the urinary system uniquely aids in the flow of urine. If any one of the components fails to function correctly, the flow of urine can become greatly reduced a condition known as urinary stasis ,increasing the risk of infection, specifically a urinary tract infection UTI.
NCBI Bookshelf. Ifeanyichukwu Ogobuiro ; Faiz Tuma. Authors Ifeanyichukwu Ogobuiro ; Faiz Tuma 1. The renal system consists of the kidney, ureters, and the urethra. The overall function of the system filters approximately liters of fluid a day from renal blood flow which allows for toxins, metabolic waste products, and excess ion to be excreted while keeping essential substances in the blood.
Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder , and a urethra. The kidneys alone perform the functions just described and manufacture urine in the process, while the other organs of the urinary system provide temporary storage reservoirs for urine or serve as transportation channels to carry it from one body region to another. The kidneys, which maintain the purity and constancy of our internal fluids, are perfect examples of homeostatic organs. The urethra is a thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from the bladder to the outside of the body. Every day, the kidneys filter gallons of fluid from the bloodstream.
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion: The Three Steps of Urine Formation
The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body. Each kidney contains over 1 million tiny structures called nephrons. Each nephron has a glomerulus , the site of blood filtration.
Having reviewed the anatomy and microanatomy of the urinary system, now is the time to focus on the physiology. You will discover that different parts of the nephron utilize specific processes to produce urine: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. You will learn how each of these processes works and where they occur along the nephron and collecting ducts. The physiologic goal is to modify the composition of the plasma and, in doing so, produce the waste product urine.
Хейлом овладела паника: повсюду, куда бы он ни посмотрел, ему мерещился ствол беретты Стратмора. Он шарахался из стороны в сторону, не выпуская Сьюзан из рук, стараясь не дать Стратмору возможности выстрелить. Движимый страхом, он поволок Сьюзан к лестнице. Через несколько минут включат свет, все двери распахнутся, и в шифровалку ворвется полицейская команда особого назначения.
the pdf book pdf
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Scientists find rare giant shipworms in the Philippines
Researchers were tipped off to the whereabouts of the elusive species by a Filipino documentary.
Brooks Hays
April 18 (UPI) -- Scientists have for the first time collected live specimens of the rare giant shipworm. The long, black marine worms were found in the Philippines.
The worm lives most of its life in the mud of the seabed, encased in a hard shell. The species, Kuphus polythalamia, can measure up to five feet in length and a couple inches around. Until now, scientists have only known the giant shipworm by the baseball bat-like shells of calcium carbonate it leaves behind.
The researchers were tipped off to the whereabouts of the elusive species by a Filipino documentary featuring a group of fishermen dedicated to finding, cooking and eating shipworms.
"It's all in Tagalog, so I can't really follow it," Margo Haygood, a research professor in medicinal chemistry at the University of Utah College of Pharmacy, told Popular Science. "But it shows people collecting normal shipworms and eating them, and then this incredible animal sticking up out of the mud, and a whole lot of people cooking and eating those, too."
RELATED Most deep-sea animals produce their own light, research shows
The fishermen refused to give up their trade secret and lead the researchers to the giant shipworms, but a team led by Northeastern University's Daniel Distel were able to follow the video clues to the treasure.
The scientists collected five giant shipworms from the mud of a lagoon along the coast of Mindanao, an island in southeastern Philippines. The marine bay was once used as a log farm. Many shipworm species feed on rotting wood.
The giant shipworm's feeding method is stranger. The long, black worm sifts mud and sediment through a large gill. A unique community of microbes break down hydrogen sulfide into carbon, which sustains the giant worm. The method is similar to the feeding strategy of the species which colonize hydrothermal vents.
RELATED 400 million-year-old jawed worm in museum turns out to be new species
The early findings, detailed in the journal PNAS, are just the beginning, researchers say. Scientists hope the worm's microbiome, which has been cultured in the lab, could reveal unique antimicrobial substances. There's also more to learn about the species' lifecycle and behavior.
"This particular species fall square in the middle of the family, so we know it had to have a wood-eating ancestor," Haygood said. "Do they start out eating wood? We don't know anything about their life cycle, or where we might find more populations of them. And we have no idea how old they are. Are the specimens we studied a couple years old, or a couple hundred?"
RELATED Tully Monster mystery not a closed case, scientists say
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MCAT Physical : Period, Wavelength, and Frequency
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for MCAT Physical
varsity tutors app store varsity tutors android store
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Period, Wavelength, And Frequency
An amusement ride is used to teach students about centripetal force. The ride is a circlular wall that you place your back on. The wall and floor then begin to spin. Once it reaches a certain rotational velocity, the floor drops, and the students are pinned to the wall as a result of centripital force.
The diameter of the ride is 10m. The minimum frequency of rotation that results in students being pinned to the wall after the floor drops is 0.5Hz. What is the coefficient of static friction between the students and the wall?
Possible Answers:
Correct answer:
There is quite a lot going on in this problem. However, we will take it one step at a time so that you can understand the logical progression of thought it takes to solve this problem.
The first major step will be converting the frequency into a centripetal acceleration.
Convert the frequency into a velocity:
This is how fast the outer walls of the ride are traveling. We can convert this into centripetal acceleraton using the expression:
Then, we can create an expression for centripetal force for a student with mass :
Now that we have a term for the centirpetal force, we can work toward finding the force of friction. The centripetal force is also the normal force used in calculating frictional force. If the student is pinned to the wall, then the frictional force is exactly equal to the student's weight.
Plugging in our expression for the normal force:
Cancel out mass and rearrange for the coefficient of friction:
Learning Tools by Varsity Tutors
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Overall Environment
Overall Environment
Finally, take a look around you. Is your workplace neat and organized? Does it encourage you to be productive? A sloppy workstation is not necessarily due to poor organizational skills; rather it can be the result of a poorly positioned workstation. It may be difficult for you to file papers properly, you may not have enough room to complete your tasks, or your desk may not have adequate storage. A properly designed workstation should accommodate the different tasks that you need to accomplish.
Bad Environment
Good Environment
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"Set Goals, Not Resolutions” Proclaims Luke Walker of BMGroup
A recent YouGov report discovered that only 26% of people kept their 2021 Resolutions. CEO at BMGroup, Luke Walker is urging people to set goals, not resolutions if they want to achieve better results in 2022.
The New Year is traditionally a time where people want to make changes in their lives, and many will set resolutions, however, evidence suggests that only 26% of people follow through on their resolutions. Luke Walker, CEO at event sales experts, BMGroup is urging people to set goals, not resolutions.
Goal setting is woven into the culture at BMGroup. The sales and promotions specialists argue that a clear, written goal, provides direction and motivation. Award-winning business owner Luke Walker urges the firm’s workforce to set both micro and macro goals. The BMGroup CEO sets weekly goals, and credits that as playing an integral role in his success.
Mr. Walker has shared three key strategies that individuals can use to achieve their goals.
Write Goals Down
Mr. Walker argues that the first step in goal setting is writing goals down. “A written goal is a visual reminder of what you want to achieve. It also instils a sense of accountability and is the simplest way to remember the goal and stick to it.” Commented the BMGroup CEO.
Develop a Concise Plan
“A goal without a plan is simply a dream,” argues Mr. Walker. The CEO contends that a plan is imperative if someone wants to follow through. At BMGroup, they urge their workforce to prepare a concise plan, detailing the necessary actions required to achieve the goal and a time frame for achieving each step on the journey.
Create a Support Network
“I started my first company at the age of 23. Since then I have run multiple companies, and my network of coaches and mentors have played a critical role in my career development and the ability to achieve my goals,” Commented Mr. Walker. The experienced business owner believes that having a network of fellow professionals offers a support system and accountability.
At BMGroup, they urge their workforce to create a network of like-minded individuals who can support them to follow through on their goals.
With the New Year right around the corner, Mr. Walker is urging ambitious individuals to implement the above steps to set goals, not resolutions.
Date Published: 30th December 2021
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Skip to main content
Color Identity: White, Blue
1. All permanents on the battlefield
2. An opponent controls a Wedding Ring
3. You have a way to draw a card
4. It is your turn
1. Draw a card
2. The opponent's Wedding Ring triggers, causing them to draw a card
3. Consecrated Sphinx triggers, allowing you to draw two cards
4. Repeat from step 2
1. Infinite card draw
2. Infinite card draw for opponents that control a Wedding Ring
1. In 70 decks according to EDHREC.
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A comparison of the similarities in the exploration of ambition and identity in king richard iii and
The team won the Western Conference.
Italian and Muslim merchants controlled foreign trade routes, which made foreign trade very expensive for other European countries. So they decided to make their own routes, controlled by them, not Italians and Muslims.
Exploration also gave great opportunity for knowledge, fame, wealth, land, religion, and adventure. They got many goods from India, including spices, porcelain, incense, jewels, and silk. Portugal attempted to form a colony in Brazil, and make natives convert to Christianity.
Full text of "Shakespeare Unmasked"
They forced the Brazilians to do slave labor but many of them died, causing the Portuguese to take more Africans as slaves. Spanish Exploration The Spanish exploration led to new knowledge and land.
The Spanish discovered that it was possible to sail completely around the world, a westward route to the Indies, and the Americas. In the West Indies they got goods from mining, sugar plantations, and new crops, which they sent back to Spain.
Like the Portuguese, the Spanish made the natives slaves, forced them to convert to Christianity, watched them die off, and got MORE slaves from Africa. The 5 Philosophers "What is the basis of social order? He approved of the King, and wrote a book called Leviathan, which expressed his belief that people are very selfish.
His beliefs of protecting natural rights influenced our Declaration of Independence.
Baron de Montesquieu began as a writer. His book Persian Letters was his way to fame. His book The Spirit of Laws explained how he thought the government should be structured: This is the form of government that our founding fathers decided on for America. Voltaire had very similar opinions about government as Baron de Montesquieu.
He wanted to reform society based on justice and human happiness, and fought hard for freedom of thought, expression, and speech. He wanted accused people to have the right to fair treatment. Beccara was completely against torture and death sentence, which our founding fathers argued about when creating the Constitution.
He wrote a book, On Crime and Punishment, conveying his views. An economic system based on investment of money for profit.
Course Links
All of this trade and exploration led to Capitalism. Some of the main changes that capitalism had Europe were: Gaining wealth from selling, rather than trading Money became more important Market Economy: Prices depended on rarity of product Cottage Industry: Labor had monetary value Mercantilism: Piling wealth gave one more power, which reduced the amount of foreign trade The Enlightenment "The Age of Reason" "Will become more enlightened day by day, so that all previous centuries will be lost in darkness by comparison.
A bunch of philosophers decided to reconsider government and laws based on rational understanding rather than "errors and superstitions. The Enlightenment was influenced by several different periods of time. The philosophers pondered the ways of the government based on what they learned from these events: Canada provided cod and other fish, and the Native Americans had oil and animal skins and furs.
In the result of this war, England defeated Spain and took America for its own. They had more religious tolerance, and had none for torture. Strongly disagreed with the British government.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was influenced by the enlightenment. Because of the enlightenment, there was a revolution in France, which ended very violently, and ended the Age of Reason.In Macbeth, King Richard II and King Henry IV part 1, Shakespeare shows us his opinion of kingship in general.
Although the plays are written about individual kings, I think that Shakespeare used the plays as an opportunity to voice . Before there was Poe, before Stephen King, there was Shakespeare.?
Usually Shakespeare does not get associated with these two figures but maybe he should. Throughout the semester. Topics: structure, Richard III, Richard II, Constance In its main subject [King John]recalls Richard III,while the character of Constance anticipates that of Richard II.
Few of us would wish to identify with the Machiavellian murderer Richard III, but Freud’s paraphrase of Richard’s opening soliloquy rehearses the emotional logic which underlies it: “nature has done me a grievous wrong in denying me that beauty of form which wins human love.
Sana Chia recipes - Sana Chia Yogurtichihime proof essays on friendship reflection communication essay papers donaghey scholars essays subinfeudation is a layering of responsibility essay essay on social problems in nepal animated gare guillemins expository essays differences between islam and christianity essays citations within an essay wrongful convictions essays essay about teachers pdf.
Richard Iii and Looking for Richard. A deeper understanding of ambition and identity emerges from pursuing the connections between King Richard III and Looking for leslutinsduphoenix.come how these texts explore ambition and identity.
Richard France | Revolvy
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Chinese philosophy
Traditional Chinese中國哲學
Simplified Chinese中国哲学
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period (春秋) and Warring States period (戰國時期), during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought",[1] which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments.[1] Although much of Chinese philosophy begun in the Warring States period, elements of Chinese philosophy have existed for several thousand years. Some can be found in the I Ching (the Book of Changes), an ancient compendium of divination, which dates back to at least 672 BCE.[2] It was during the Warring States era that what Sima Tan termed the major philosophical schools of China—Confucianism, Legalism, and Taoism—arose, along with philosophies that later fell into obscurity, like Agriculturalism, Mohism, Chinese Naturalism, and the Logicians. Even in modern society, Confucianism is still the creed of etiquette for Chinese society.[3]
Chinese philosophy as a philosophy
Main article: Legitimacy of Chinese philosophy
The debate over whether the thought of ancient Chinese masters should be called philosophy has been discussed since the introduction of this academic discipline into China.[4] See Legitimacy of Chinese philosophy for details.
Early beliefs
Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE), who considered himself a retransmitter of Zhou values. His philosophy concerns the fields of ethics and politics, emphasizing personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, traditionalism, and sincerity. The Analects stress the importance of ritual, but also the importance of 'ren', which loosely translates as 'human-heartedness',[5] Confucianism, along with Legalism, is responsible for creating the world's first meritocracy, which holds that one's status should be determined by education and character rather than ancestry, wealth, or friendship.[6] Confucianism was and continues to be a major influence in Chinese culture, the state of China and the surrounding areas of East Asia.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, Chinese philosophy integrated concepts from Western philosophy. Anti-Qing dynasty revolutionaries, involved in the Xinhai Revolution, saw Western philosophy as an alternative to traditional philosophical schools; students in the May Fourth Movement called for completely abolishing the old imperial institutions and practices of China. During this era, Chinese scholars attempted to incorporate Western philosophical ideologies such as democracy, Marxism, socialism, liberalism, republicanism, anarchism and nationalism into Chinese philosophy. The most notable examples are Sun Yat-Sen's Three Principles of the People ideology and Mao Zedong's Maoism, a variant of Marxism–Leninism.[8] In the modern People's Republic of China, the official ideology is Deng Xiaoping's "market economy socialism".
Ancient philosophy
Spring and Autumn period
Main article: Hundred Schools of Thought
Around 500 BCE, after the Zhou state weakened and China moved into the Spring and Autumn period, the classic period of Chinese philosophy began. This is known as the Hundred Schools of Thought (諸子百家; zhūzǐ bǎijiā; "various scholars, hundred schools"). This period is considered the golden age of Chinese philosophy. Of the many schools founded at this time and during the subsequent Warring States period, the four most influential ones were Confucianism, Daoism (often spelled "Taoism"), Mohism and Legalism.
Kong Fuzi (Latin: Confucius)
Kong Fuzi (Latin: Confucius)
Main article: Confucianism
The major Confucian concepts include rén (humanity or humaneness), zhèngmíng 正名 (rectification of names; e.g. a ruler who rules unjustly is no longer a ruler and may be dethroned), zhōng (loyalty), xiào (filial piety), and li (ritual). Confucius taught both positive and negative versions of the Golden Rule. The concepts yin and yang represent two opposing forces that are permanently in conflict with each other, leading to perpetual contradiction and change. The Confucian idea of "Rid of the two ends, take the middle" is a Chinese equivalent of the idea of "thesis, antithesis, and synthesis", often attributed to Hegel, which is a way of reconciling opposites, arriving at some middle ground combining the best of both. Confucius heavily emphasized the idea of microcosms in society (subunits of family and community) success's were the foundations for a successful state or country. Confucius believed in the use of education to further knowledge the people in ethics, societal behavior, and reverence in other humans. With the combination of education, successful family, and his ethical teachings he believed he could govern a well established society in China.
Main article: Taoist philosophy
Bagua: Modern Taijitu with I Ching trigrams
Bagua: Modern Taijitu with I Ching trigrams
Taoism arose as a philosophy and later also developed into a religion based on the texts the Tao Te Ching (道德經; Dào Dé Jīng; ascribed to Lao Tzu) and the Zhuangzi (莊子; partly ascribed to Zhuang Zhou). The character Dao literally means 'path' or 'way'. However, in Taoism it refers more often to a meta-physical force that encompasses the entire universe but which cannot be described nor felt. All major Chinese philosophical schools have investigated the correct Way to go about a moral life, but in Taoism it takes on the most abstract meanings, leading this school to be named after it. It advocated nonaction (wu wei), the strength of softness, spontaneity, and relativism. Although it serves as a rival to Confucianism, a school of active morality, this rivalry is compromised and given perspective by the idiom "practice Confucianism on the outside, Taoism on the inside."
Most of Taoism's focus is on the notion that human attempts to make the world better actually make the world worse. Therefore, it is better to strive for harmony, minimising potentially harmful interference with nature or in human affairs.[9]
Warring States period
Main article: Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
1. Fa ( fǎ): law or principle.
2. Shu ( shù): method, tactic, art, or statecraft.
3. Shi ( shì): legitimacy, power, or charisma.
What has been termed by some as the intrastate Realpolitik of the Warring States period was highly progressive, and extremely critical of the Confucian and Mohist schools. But that of the Qin dynasty would be blamed for creating a totalitarian society, thereby experiencing decline. Its main motto is: "Set clear strict laws, or deliver harsh punishment". In Han Fei's philosophy the ruler possessed authority regarding reward and penalty, enacted through law. Shang Yang and Han Fei promoted absolute adherence to the law, regardless of the circumstances or the person. Ministers were only to be rewarded if their words were accurate to the results of their proposals. Legalism, in accordance with Shang Yang's interpretation, could encourage the state to be a militaristic autarky.
Main article: School of Naturalists
The School of Naturalists or the School of Yin-yang (Chinese: 陰陽家; pinyin: Yīnyángjiā; Wade–Giles: Yin-yang-chia; lit. 'School of Yin-Yang') was a Warring States era philosophy that synthesized the concepts of yin-yang and the Wu Xing; Zou Yan is considered the founder of this school.[10] His theory attempted to explain the universe in terms of basic forces in nature: the complementary agents of yin (dark, cold, female, negative) and yang (light, hot, male, positive) and the Five Elements or Five Phases (water, fire, wood, metal, and earth). In its early days, this theory was most strongly associated with the states of Yan and Qi. In later periods, these epistemological theories came to hold significance in both philosophy and popular belief. This school was absorbed into Taoism's alchemic and magical dimensions as well as into the Chinese medical framework. The earliest surviving recordings of this are in the Ma Wang Dui texts and Huang Di Nei Jing.
Main article: Mohism
Main article: School of Names
The logicians (School of Names) were concerned with logic, paradoxes, names and actuality (similar to Confucian rectification of names). The logician Hui Shi was a friendly rival to Zhuangzi, arguing against Taoism in a light-hearted and humorous manner. Another logician, Gongsun Long, originated the famous When a White Horse is Not a Horse dialogue. This school did not thrive because the Chinese regarded sophistry and dialectic as impractical.[citation needed]
Main article: Agriculturalism
Agriculturalism was an early agrarian social and political philosophy that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.[11] The philosophy is founded on the notion that human society originates with the development of agriculture, and societies are based upon "people's natural prospensity to farm."[12]
Early Imperial era philosophy
Qin and Han Dynasties
Six Dynasties
Buddhism arrived in China around the 1st century AD, but it was not until the Northern and Southern, Sui and Tang dynasties that it gained considerable influence and acknowledgement. At the beginning, it was considered a sort of Taoist sect. Mahayana Buddhism was far more successful in China than its rival Hinayana, and both Indian schools and local Chinese sects arose from the 5th century. Two chiefly important monk philosophers were Sengzhao and Daosheng. But probably the most influential and original of these schools was the Chan sect, which had an even stronger impact in Japan as the Zen sect.
Schools of thought
Main article: Xuanxue
Main article: Buddhism in China
Buddhism until the 4th century AD had little impact on China but in the 4th century its teachings hybridized with those of Taoism.[14] Buddhism brought to China the idea of many hells, where sinners went, but the deceased sinners souls could be saved by pious acts.[14] Since Chinese traditional thought focused more on ethics rather than metaphysics, the merging of Buddhist and Taoist concepts developed several schools distinct from the originating Indian schools. The most prominent examples with philosophical merit are Sanlun, Tiantai, Huayan, and Chán (a.k.a. Zen). They investigate consciousness, levels of truth, whether reality is ultimately empty, and how enlightenment is to be achieved. Buddhism has a spiritual aspect that complements the action of Neo-Confucianism, with prominent Neo-Confucians advocating certain forms of meditation.
Mid to Late Imperial era philosophy
Neo-Confucianism was a revived version of old Confucian principles that appeared around the Song dynasty, with Buddhist, Taoist, and Legalist features. The first philosophers, such as Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi and Chang Zai, were cosmologists and worked on the Yi Jing. The Cheng brothers, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, are considered the founders of the two main schools of thought of Neo-Confucianism: the School of Principle the first, the School of Mind the latter. The School of Principle gained supremacy during the Song dynasty with the philosophical system elaborated by Zhu Xi, which became mainstream and officially adopted by the government for the Imperial examinations under the Yuan dynasty. The School of Mind was developed by Lu Jiuyuan, Zhu Xi's main rival, but was soon forgotten. Only during the Ming dynasty was the School of Mind revived by Wang Shouren, whose influence is equal to that of Zhu Xi. This school was particularly important in Japan.
Schools of thought
Main article: Neo-Confucianism
Zhu Xi leading figure in Neo-Confucianism
Zhu Xi leading figure in Neo-Confucianism
Wang Yangming also an important figure in Neo-Confucianism
Wang Yangming also an important figure in Neo-Confucianism
Despite Confucianism losing popularity to Taoism and Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism combined those ideas into a more metaphysical framework. Its concepts include li (principle, akin to Plato's forms), qi (vital or material force), tai-chi (the Great Ultimate), and xin (mind). Song dynasty philosopher Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073) is seen commonly seen as the first true "pioneer" of Neo-Confucianism, using Daoist metaphysics as a framework for his ethical philosophy.[15] Neo-Confucianism developed both as a renaissance of traditional Confucian ideas, and as a reaction to the ideas of Buddhism and religious Daoism. Although the Neo-Confucianists denounced Buddhist metaphysics, Neo-Confucianism did borrow Daoist and Buddhist terminology and concepts.[16] Neo-Confucianist philosophers like Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming are seen as the most important figures of Neo-Confucianism.
Modern era
See also: Chinese nationalism, Maoism, and Chinese Marxist Philosophy
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy had also begun to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. Chinese philosophy never developed the concept of human rights, so that classical Chinese lacked words for them. In 1864, W.A.P. Martin had to invent the word quanli (Chinese: 權利) to translate the Western concept of "rights" in the process of translating Henry Wheaton's Elements of International Law into classical Chinese.[17]
By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls such as the May Fourth Movement to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There have been attempts to incorporate democracy, republicanism, and industrialism into Chinese philosophy, notably by Sun Yat-Sen at the beginning of the 20th century. Mao Zedong added Marxism, Stalinism, Chinese Marxist Philosophy and other communist thought.
When the Chinese Communist Party took over the reign, previous schools of thought, excepting notably Legalism, were denounced as backward, and later even purged during the Cultural Revolution, whereas their influences on Chinese thoughts remain until today. The current government of the People's Republic of China is trying to encourage a form of market socialism.
Since the radical movement of the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese government has become much more tolerant with the practice of traditional beliefs. The 1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China guarantees "freedom of religion" with a number of restrictions. Spiritual and philosophical institutions have been allowed to be established or re-established, as long they are not perceived to be a threat to the power of the CPC. Moreover, those organizations are heavily monitored. The influences of the past are still deeply ingrained in the Chinese culture.
New Confucianism
Main article: New Confucianism
New Confucianism is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and revived in post-Mao era contemporary communist China. It is deeply influenced by, but not identical with, the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties.
Main article: List of Chinese philosophers
Among the terms commonly found in Chinese philosophy are:
Among the commonalities of Chinese philosophies are:
See also
3. ^ Lin, Liang-Hung; Ho, Yu-Ling (2009). "Confucian dynamism, culture and ethical changes in Chinese societies – a comparative study of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong". The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 20 (11): 2402–2417. doi:10.1080/09585190903239757. ISSN 0958-5192. S2CID 153789769.
4. ^ Is There Such a Thing as Chinese Philosophy Arguments of an Implicit Debate. Carine Defoort. Philosophy East and West 51 (3):393-413 (2001)
6. ^ Kung Fu Tze (Confucius) (1998). D. C. Lau (Translator) (ed.). The Analects. Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-044348-7. ((cite book)): |editor= has generic name (help)
7. ^ Civilizations of the World: The Human Adventure : To the late 1600s, Richard Greaves p176
9. ^ A source book in Chinese philosophy, Wing-tsit Chan, p137
10. ^ "Zou Yan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
15. ^ Chan 2002, p. 460.
16. ^ Huang, Siu-chi (1999). Essentials of Neo-Confucianism: Eight Major Philosophers of the Song and Ming Periods. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 5.
Further reading
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Stalowa Wola
What's happening in Stalowa Wola
One place for everything Stalowa Wola
Featuring unique information and insights to help you make travel plans for Stalowa Wola, including safety and security. Before you go, immerse yourself in all that a destination has to offer; experiences with history, nature and food will make your journey unforgettable. Learn about Stalowa Wola's people and culture - the flavor that shapes its music, art and stories.
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Court Rules Wealthy Donors Have First Amendment Right to Bribe Candidates
AP: “In the latest in a series of rulings stemming from the ‘John Doe’ campaign finance investigation in Wisconsin, a federal district judge has ruled that individuals have a constitutional right to spend unlimited sums in coordination with a candidates in exchange for the candidate’s express agreement to take official action. ‘While bribery laws prevent such quid pro quo exchanges,’ the court wrote in an 11-page opinion, ‘such laws violate the First Amendment when they prevent an individual from using money to influence official action. This is the logical endpoint of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Citizens United case.”
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Aug. 09, 2021
The new add-on, named LUZit, allows to highlight relevant text in Whatsapp, Facebook or Gmail and turn it into a google calendar event with just two clicks.
The add-on was developed as part of an undergraduate "Project course", with Dr. Gil Einziger, Senior Lecturer at the department of computer science, as the advisor. The project was part of the Google's Developer Student Club that operates within BGU, as well as within many other universities worldwide. Yiscah and Hillel say that the idea came from an actual need that they identified: meetings and events that were created on platforms such as Gmail, Whatsapp or Facebook, required manual copying into Google's Calendar.
Technically, the add-on uses complex Regular Expressions as well as algorithms aimed to identify the different elements within the text (date, time, place, etc.).
Although LUZit began as a students' project, the students say that they plan to upgrade it in the future.
A link to Geektime article about the project (in Hebrew)
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Regina Westlake
Curriculum Specialist
Regina is excited to bring her passion for achieving strong educational outcomes to Lavinia Group. Regina is an experienced educator with a track record of high student achievement. After teaching first, second, and fourth grade and serving as an Assistant Principal in a high performing middle school, Regina became a principal in 2016. Under her leadership in 2017, students at Regina’s elementary school in Brooklyn, NY achieved 100% passing in ELA and 98% passing in Math on the school’s first round of New York State Testing. Under her leadership, Regina’s schools have consistently ranked in the top 1% of schools in New York State. Most recently, Regina served as principal of a high performing elementary school in Manhattan. Regina believes in the limitless potential of children and is committed to ensuring that all students gain access to a world-class education.
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TY - JOUR AU - Gibson, Jeremiah AU - Ibeh, Beverly AU - Gagliardi, Jacqueline AU - Duclos, Stephen AU - Gomez, Frank PY - 2021/10/24 Y2 - 2022/01/27 TI - Defining Cultural Humility: Survey Reflections JF - New England Journal of Relational and Systemic Practice JA - nejrsp VL - 1 IS - 3 SE - Navigating Antiracism DO - UR - https://nejournalrsp.com/index.php/mejrsp/article/view/26 SP - AB - <p>The field of psychotherapy is in the early stages of acknowledging and addressing ways that racist ideology have informed professional practices. While other professions have created new standards, with an expectation that individual employees and companies will follow, it seems that the field of psychotherapy has taken the inverse approach, where individual therapists gather a dedication to antioppression causes and use personal platforms, like social media, to try and build exposure and connection. We have a long way to go before we begin to dismantle the racist systems within our practice: the diagnostic code, the phrase “medical necessity”, and the limited funding that insurance companies provide to relational therapists, to name a few.</p><p>So, in the mean time, the <em>NEJRSP</em> editorial team asked therapists the following questions to assess how therapists are engaging in their own personal growth with regards to cultural humility. Our editors have followed with their own analyses.</p> ER -
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[English] Sound and Space between Circle and Square
How would you draw the space you're in? (Take paper, pencil and draw it, you will understand what the exercise is about)
Experiencing in the here and now: this life is a perceptive experience.
Dan Graham
Whether we like it or not, we are limited by the way we perceive the space we inhabit. In turn, that space limits and expands the possibilities of relating to the world around us.
To the extent that we experience a space, we perceive it through the dimensions it possesses. The space is taken as an organizational model, a structure in which objects and/or people are arranged and related. From this perspective the space can be presented as occupied or empty.
What it «does» instead of what it «is»
In the text entitled: Perception in Architecture the authors Claudia Perren and Miriam Mlecek analyse the perception of space from a completely different perspective.
The Brothers Grimm, in their 1838 dictionary, offer the intriguing definition of the term Doppelgänger as someone who «can show himself in two places at the same time».
This definition is interesting because it challenges the popular notion of Doppelgänger as «someone who looks exactly like someone else», i.e. a twin or double. Instead of focusing on the physiognomic aspects of Doppelgänger, the dictionary entry by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm proposes a topological definition that speaks of a person who is present and seen in two different ways simultaneously.
Claudia Perren y Miriam Mlecek
The Own Perception of Space
If we continue with the term Doppelgänger to analyze how we relate to space, we will find that we are that «someone who can show himself in two places at the same time».
Let’s think about a subway/subway ride. We find ourselves waiting for the car to stop. At that moment we could say that we are «inside the space» of the station, while someone who is «inside the car» could think that we are «outside the space» of the car.
What determines a space is our perception.
How did you draw the space you are in?
• Have you drawn that space in a round/circular shape or have you drawn it in a square/rectangular shape?
• Why do you think you perceive space that way?
• What information is most relevant to your analysis? Light? Sound? The physical dimensions of space?
• In a strictly geometric sense, could you say that space is really round/circular or square/rectangular?
Some of the readers of this article probably drew a circular space while others chose square or rectangular geometries to describe the space they are in. A few others will draw a triangular or rhomboid space.
Photo by Berenice Abbott (1898-1991) known to be the assistant of the photographers Man Ray and Eugène Atget.
The Influences We Don’t Know
There is a predisposition to perceive space in a certain way that is given by our culture.
Music, theatre and public speeches have influenced and been influenced by the acoustics and architecture of the spaces where their performances have taken place.
Wallace Clement Sabine (1868-1891), a pioneer in architectural acoustic engineering, considered that the difference in the forms of evolution of rhythm in music and dance between the first African and European civilizations was due to the differences between the spaces they inhabited.
In Africa, life took place in the open air, where the meeting places were concentric – for example around the fire, a speaker or a singer – so the development of listening, singing and speeches was semicircular. A group of voices was placed in a circle and the audience was placed in a semi-circle in front of the singers. In this way the form of semi-circular listening developed naturally, as people chose the places where they could hear best.
In Europe, due to climatic conditions, prehistoric tribes sought refuge in caves and later, Europeans built larger and larger temples and churches where sound took on another dimension and where the listener only had to enter an enclosed space. This is how Gregorian chant emerged: from the architectural and acoustic characteristics of the Gothic cathedrals.
Is it a circle or a square?
Let’s take up the concept of «Doppelgänger» as someone or something that can be shown in two places at the same time.
If we think of the space in which we find ourselves as an acoustic space (not only as a physical architectural space) we will notice that it is very difficult for us to dimension it since, on the one hand, the sounds that we perceive are not contained in a single space. On the other hand, we perceive these sounds with the baggage of semi-circular listening that our culture gives us: think of the amphitheatres, theatres, stadiums, etc. In addition to this, the architectural development of the spaces.
Let’s go back to our drawing. At first we could have drawn a square in which there is a circle inside, in which there is a square inside, in which there is a circle inside and so on.
Finally, life is made up of one or more perceptive experiences.
Author: Sol Rezza
Editor | Corrector: Franco Falistoco
@ 2019
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Tutorial: Sending a Letter (Content Patcher)
From The Stardew Modding Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
It's really, really, really easy to send a letter in Stardew Valley thanks to Category:Content Patcher. In fact, it's so easy it's usually just bundled into the information about events, and it's hard to find a mod that just sends mail - usually the letters are part of a mod for more dialog, events, getting recipes, new NPCs, etc. But today, we're going to make two simple pieces of junk mail to spam the farmer with.
Note: This tutorial will assume you are already familiar with some modding basics, like making sure to have Smapi installed and how a manifest works. If you would like a tutorial using Content Patcher that goes over every single step, see Adding New Dialogue.
Future infobox info: CopperSun, May 7, 2021
You can also use Mail Framework Mod to send mail.
Finding Examples[edit | edit source | hide | hide all]
Examples are really the key to understanding any mod or coding project. Fortunately, mail is used in a lot of mods so there are lots of examples out there to look at. Unfortunately, it's usually buried in with a bunch of other code that you might not understand yet.
The code to send mail will be found inside content.json in whichever mod you're looking at. Joja Immersion has some examples, but you'll have to scroll to the bottom of the file to find them.
The best examples are going to be the ones from the original game code.
• The Vanilla letters can be found in Stardew Valley\Content (unpacked)\Data\mail.json
• The code to trigger the sending of these letters can be found in Stardew Valley\Content (unpacked)\Data\Events\Farm.json
Creating a Manifest[edit | edit source | hide]
We'll be using the standard Content Patcher manifest for our mod. Sample taken from the official wiki.
"Name": "Your Project Name",
"Author": "your name",
"Version": "1.0.0",
"Description": "One or two sentences about the mod.",
"UniqueID": "YourName.YourProjectName",
"UpdateKeys": [],
"ContentPackFor": {
"UniqueID": "Pathoschild.ContentPatcher"
Creating a Letter[edit | edit source | hide]
There are two main parts to sending a letter to the player. The first, of course, is creating the letter, so let's do that.
1. Inside your mod folder, in the same place you put your manifest.json, create a new file called content.json.
2. In content.json, put in your usual opening and closing braces, the format, and your changes array. (If you don't remember what these are, see Adding New Dialogue.)
3. Inside of your changes array, add this code:
"Action": "EditData",
"Target": "data/mail",
"Entries": {
"junk_mail_1": "@,^^Why survive when you could THRIVE?^Thrive with Joja Cola! Stop by your local JojaMart today for a sip of pure blue refreshment![#]Joja Cola Ad",
"junk_mail_2": "Fresh vegetables are the best way to live a healthier, longer life!^Visit Pierre's for iridium-quality veggies that'll have your doctor asking YOU for YOUR secret![#]Vegetable Ad",
4. This code tells Content Patcher that we are going to edit the data located at data/mail. That's the mail.json file you should have looked at earlier.
5. We are adding two entries to the list of letters stored in mail.json, junk_mail_1 and junk_mail_2. We can call our letters anything we like, but as is always the case our keys must be unique. (Remember that jsons use key and value pairs; the key here is "junk_mail_1" and the value is "@,^^Why survive....") If your mod adds a letter with the same key as another mod's letter, you will get errors.
6. Letters have much less flexibility than dialogue. You can still use @ to insert the player's name, but placeholders that use $ will not work.
7. The ^ is a line break. You can have multiple in a row if you want extra space between lines.
8. If our junk mail was coming with a free gift, we would put that at the end of the letter text and before the [#]. See the official wiki for options.
9. [#] means we're done with our letter text. The part after it is what the letter will be named in the collections tab of the player.
10. Wow, that was easy! Now how do we send these?
Sending a Letter[edit | edit source | hide]
Sending a letter is considered an event by the game code unless it is sent via certain circumstances like as part of another event or the letter is set to be sent on a specific day. In Stardew Valley, the code for each event is stored in a json file corresponding to where that event takes place. Sending letters happens on the farm (not the farmhouse!), so we'll be adding our entries to Farm.json in the events folder.
1. In the same content.json file as you were just editing, add this code. It doesn't matter if it is before or after your code for adding the letters.
"Action": "EditData",
"Target": "Data/Events/Farm",
"Entries": {
"012344667/r .3/d Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri/x junk_mail_1": "null",
"012344668/m 15000/x junk_mail_2": "null",
2. Unlike our letters, here it's the key that is much more interesting, because our value is just null.
3. The beginning number is the event id and must be unique.
1. From the official wiki: "Event IDs are a max of 10 digits, with a maximum value of 2147483647 (based on the game coding). You may use any ID for testing BUT When you are ready to publish, you are recommended to use the four digit mod ID you get from Nexus (found in the mod page URL) as the prefix instead."
4. After the event ID comes our list of conditions for sending our junk mail. These conditions are specified exactly the same way they are for all events and you can look at the list on the official wiki.
1. For junk_mail_1, we have specified a random chance of 30% and that it not be Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday. (Why the code defaults to which days it is not is ????)
2. For junk_mail_2, our condition is that the player have earned at least 15,000g.
5. The last piece is x junk_mail_1. This is special to null events used to send letters. It tells the game "just send this letter and don't do anything else."
6. Because our event just sends a letter and we already took care of that part with x, our event doesn't need to be defined in terms of who moves where or says what. So we can just put "null" and call it done.
7. Later on, we can use these letters themselves as conditions, like if the player has seen junk_mail_1, Pierre complains about Joja's mail littering the town. In this context, junk_mail_1 has become a mail flag. There are a bunch of these in the original code associated with all sorts of events and conditions. You usually aren't aware of them because the letters themselves are null and thus don't show up in the player's mailbox.
8. Run content.json and manifest.json through https://smapi.io/json just to double-check you've got all your braces and commas in the right place (always a bigger concern when you're copy-pasting pieces of code), and then you're done!
What's next?[edit | edit source | hide]
Per usual, this tutorial only scratched the surface of what can be accomplished with mail and mail flags. Reading through Modding:Mail Data and Modding:Event Data on the official wiki will give you lots of ideas for ways to incorporate mail into your next mod. Then again, why not create a mod full of nothing but letters for the player? After all, everyone likes getting mail. :)
PS: Interesting in writing a tutorial for this wiki? We'd love to have you! No qualifications are needed. Just create a new page, call it "Tutorial: Doing a Thing" (name as appropriate), and start sharing your knowledge. :)
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Winfield Wuckert
Lvl 9
2021-10-05 18:33:54
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Cards in this guide (20)
What is a coral reef made of
Mostly it is made of living corals, sponges and other ogranims living on top of compressed dead coral and other animals skeletons.
What group was nearly wiped out by smallpox in Australia
Aborigines were mainly affected by smallpox.
What is generally a goal the IMF has when dealing with African nations
Promoting free-trade policies
promoting privatization
Who was Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election in 1994. He was also the first non-European president of South Africa.
He was born 18 July 1918 in South Africa. Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island and Victor Verster prison. He was released on February, 11th in 1990.
During his imprisonment he became an international beacon for the rights of the underprivileged, disenfranchised and anti-apartheid movements.
On his release from prison he was elected (as head of the ANC), the first black president of South Africa (1994 - 1999). His tolerance, grace and judgement to the handling of the the dismantlement of the Apartheid government and transition to a democratic multicultural country gained him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
Cf. 'Related links' in the lower left corner of this answer page.
How are the five large nations of Oceania different from the smaller islands
The small nations are less active in global trade or The small nations have much poorer economies. The large nations have more developed economies.
Which is often grouped together with Southeast Asia
How did the boundaries drawn up by European colonizers affect Africa
They increased the conflicts between the native populations and ethnic groups, leading to wars between tribes and between the colonizers and the natives.
They led to civil wars
They increased ethnic tension.
How did isolation affect culture in Oceania
Aborigines speak a language unrelated to any outside Australia.
Languages in Tasmania are unrelated to those off the island.
Aboriginal cultures have no influences outside Australia.
What is the region around Lake Victoria
Why are minority rights important in diverse regions
Minority rights protect many ethnic groups.
General what feature separates two ecozones
In general, the feature that separates two ecozones is a deserts. An ocean and desert is an example that separates two ecozones.
Which is a characteristic shared nearly by all nations of Oceania
A history of geographic and cultural isolation -apex
Which is the worlds largest ecozone
How do the political issues in Africa affect africas economy
The political problems reduce foreign investment
What describes how Africa was divided countries
Artificial political unity was attempted -apex
Which is true about Africa
Natural resources vary widely across the continent - Apex
Which are resources that Africa has
*Iron and other minerals
Which was a result of apartheid
The black majority was kept in an inferior position - Apex
which best describes the events in Somalia inter last 20 years
Somalia became a failed state. -apex
Which is a natural disadvantage Africa has, compared to most other places Seasonal flooding
seasonal flooding
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Our Recipes
Baked beans with rosemary
Baked beans with rosemary
4 - 6
Cooking time
2 cans 14 oz (398 ml) Graves baked beans in maple syrup
6 European sausages
1 clove garlic, finely chopped
Salt and freshly ground pepper
1 tbsp (15 ml) freshly chopped rosemary
1. Preheat oven to 425 oF (210 oC).
2. In a lasagna pan, spread baked beans.
3. Add sausages, garlic and season.
4. Bake for 15 minutes.
5. Remove from oven, add rosemary and stir baked beans.
6. Turn sausages and return to oven for 10 to 15 minutes or until sausages are cooked through.
Recipe ideas using this product
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Relationship Reality
The Secret Connection you Share
The strength of your relationship
As a couple, you adapt to the relationship by undergoing subtle changes. The reality that you build is a creation all of its own!
Being together unfolds and develops over time. A Relationship Reality reading helps you find out the reality of staying involved. This knowledge goes a long way towards making your commitment happy and successful.
Benefits of being together
Discover what makes your relationship tick?. Learn to appreciate the passionate nature you share. How you think and communicate as a couple. Realize the appeal of being together and what it means to you both.
Are you likely to get on well? Your mutual trust and commitment. The effort you make and the passion you show.
The sensitivity and openness you share. Plus, your ability to inspire and develop a love for each other.
A combined chart for two People
We produce Relationship Reality by combining two birth charts. The chart we create represents the relationship. From this, we explain all the essential qualities you share as a couple.
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Nice example of Sanson's first map of the southern part of Portugal.
Guillaume Sanson Biography
The son of famous French cartographer Nicolas Sanson, Guillaume (1633-1703) carried on his father's work. Like his sire, he was a court geographer to Louis XIV. He often worked in partnership with another prominent cartographer of the time, Hubert Jaillot.
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Crystal Gemstone & Minerals - Stefan Mager
Crystal & Gemstone Guide
Author: Mager, Stefan
Description: GEMSTONES and CRYSTALS are pieces of minerals that divide into precious and semi-precious stones. Broadly speaking, diamond, ruby, sapphire and emerald are considered 'precious' while all others are semi-precious. Gemologists identify stones by their chemical composition, their crystal structure and their habit which refers to the location where the stone is usually found. Gemstones are also classified into groups, types and varieties. Further classifications include light properties, hardness, fracture, colour and lustre. Material or flaws within a stone are called inclusions. The value of gemstones varies and can fluctuate greatly. Gemstones are often artifically treated to enhance their colour or clarity. Synthetic gemstones can be physically, optically and chemically identical to natural stones but are created in controlled laboratory conditions. Their colours tend to be more vivid and impurities are not present. Different cultures have developed traditions of crystal healing. Healers believe in the esoteric powers of gemstones. They select stones by colour and their metaphysical qualities. Wearing a gemstone as an amulet may be beneficial to physical and mental well being. This Guide presents 72 gemstones and includes physical and esoteric characteristics.
ISBN: 9780994251961
Publish Date: 1/10/2015
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CHAPTER 21 : The Orbit and Eyeball
Home | OG anatomy | Gross Anatomy | Topic index | Chapter 21
Review Questions
1. Describe the boundaries and relations of the orbital cavity including the margins. Add notes on the clinical relevance of these relations
2. Describe the attachments, innervation and actions of the extraocular muscles
3. Outline the origins; and distribution of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerve
4. Describe the coverings, movements and blood supply of eyeball
5. Describe the origins, course and distribution of the ophthalmic veins
6. Outline the possible causes of exophthalmos
7. Enumerate briefly on the sensory innervation, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and main characteristics of the muscles of the face.
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Seven Seas
Caves in unexpected places.
Hello Miyakojima Fan!
Miyakojima is often called ” the coral island “.
Though, there are also corals around other Okinawan islands, why Miyakojima is called the coral island ?
Miyakojima is very unique in therms of how it was formed, and with this reason, there are caves in unexpected places.
(C) SevenSeasMiyakojima
The islands of Okinawa began to rise about 200 million years ago as sediment was transported from the continent and deposited on them, connecting and separating from the continent as they took on their current forms.
About a million years ago, the area around the Miyakojima was a shallow ocean with coral reef.
Later, the coral had uplifted to form the island.
In other words, if you dig up the ground on the island, you will find limestone that used to be coral.
Since the island has been connected to and separated from the continent by numerous tectonic movements until it was formed, there are many species that are endemic to Miyakojima.
Some of the larger ones are deer, called Miyako Norojika, and large wild boars and wildcats.
The larger creatures are now extinct, but their bones and fossils remain.
As Miyakojima is made of limestone, which is easily soluble by water, when rainfall seeps into the ground, a cavity forms underground over a long period of time.
Eventually, the ceiling collapses and a large cave is formed.
Since the caves are formed by rainwater, water usually accumulates at the bottom of the caves.
When it rains, the rainwater seeps into the limestone, and the limestone still dissolves little by little, allowing stalactites to grow.
Depending on the amount of rainfall, the water level of spring water changes.
(C) SevenSeasMiyakojima
The stalactites on the ceiling and the water reflecting them look mysterious.
While the coral uplifted and the island was formed over a long period of time, there were also crustal movements, and several faults run from northwest to southeast.
If you drive around the coastal road of Miyakojima, you will see that the west side of the island is lower, while the east side is higher, because of the crustal movement.
The caves have different types.
The caves on the northeast side are of the horizontal type, while those on the southwest side are of the vertical type.
There is a large cave right next to the gate of a school in the city, and there are caves next to an ordinary sugarcane field, or to a residential area.
It is interesting that there are caves in unexpected places in Miyakojima, and they are not listed in the guidebooks.
Please be noted that the some caves are in danger of collapsing, or sacred places, so it is not recommended to go into caves without knowing well.
KOKO will take you to the caves with a full day eco-tour.
A group-chartered English Eco-Tour in Miyakojima
English Eco-Tour
Experienced interpreter will introduce you the history and the culture of Miyakojima, by visiting historical sites, caves, and mangrove area.
Discover Miyakojima from a new perspective !
(We will not enter the sea with this program.)
• Perfect for families or groups traveling together
• Can experience an extraordinary Miyakojima unlike any other
KOKO (EnglishGuide)
This article is written by KOKO, an experienced and well-trained ecotourism coordinator. After worked at U.S. securities firm, obtained diving and kayak instructor license. Had worked as an intern of eco-tour guide in Australia, and worked as an nature guide in Palau. ......... English tour guided by KOKO : A Full Day Eco-Tour [ Click HERE for detail ]
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Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Document Type
Date of this Version
Thesis (M.S.)—University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 1972. Department of Agronomy
Copyright 1972, the author. Used by permission.
The sandhill transition area of Nebraska represents a vast potential reservoir for food and fiber production. The soils of this area are lower in natural fertility than many of the finer-textured soils of the state. Properties of these soils are vastly different from others having a history of intense cultivation. In addition many of these soils are being developed for irrigation. The question becomes what kinds and quantities of fertilizers are required to bring these soils into profitable crop production. These soils test among the lowest in the state in exchangeable magnesium and potassium. However, will these soils support the intense demands of crops such as irrigated corn or pasture, including bromegrass and orchardgrass? If potassium fertilizer is used on these soils will the natural soil magnesium level be adequate for high yields?
With the recent increased interest in irrigated pastures, new demands are being placed on these coarse-textured soils. Feeding forage produced on these soils may introduce a new consideration in the proper fertilizer program. A condition in ruminants known as “grass tetany” has been correlated with low magnesium content of forage. Conceivably this may be a concern if irrigated pastures are grown on these relatively low magnesium soils. If the depression of magnesium uptake in crops occurs in this soil, potassium fertilizer recommendations may need to be tempered accordingly.
With these question becoming more pressing, the potassium-magnesium study was undertaken with the following objectives.
1. Determine the influence of soil potassium saturation on growth and magnesium uptake by corn.
2. Determine to what degree magnesium uptake is influenced by potassium saturation in terms of concentration and dry matter production.
3. Determine the likelihood of reducing magnesium levels with potassium fertilizer applications to levels associated with grass tetany.
4. Determine the influence of various potassium and magnesium levels in the soil on the uptake of other nutrients.
5. Determine the feasibility of studying the above objectives in a field experiment on the soil studied in the greenhouse.
Advisor: Delno Knudsen
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What is the allocation method in real estate?
The Allocation Method for land and site valuation is an appraisal technique that involves gathering information about comparable site values of recent sales and creating a ratio between the land/site value and total value. This ratio is then applied to the property that is to be appraised.
What is the allocation method in real estate appraisal?
The Allocation Method of appraising land is a technique of appraising land in which the appraiser collects information about the site values of comparable sales and establishes a ratio between the site value and the total value. The ratio is then applied to the subject property.
Whats an allocation method?
Some companies that offer retirement pensions to their employees choose to fund them through the benefit allocation method. In this system, employees contribute a portion of their salaries to the fund while the company makes a single annual payment. That payment may be a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of salary.
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What is property allocation?
Property Allocation means the amount of the Purchase Price allocated to each Property as set forth on Schedule 5 attached hereto.
What is allocation of cost in real estate?
All real estate professionals have been there. Since land cannot be depreciated, you need to allocate the original purchase price between land and building. … You can use the property tax assessor’s value to compute a ratio of the value of the land to the building.”
What’s one of the drawbacks of using the allocation method?
Disadvantages of the Allocation Method
The first of these drawbacks is that necessary market data is needed to determine an accurate ratio. This important information includes data about costs that builders and developers have incurred for land compared to estimated values of the improvements that they have added.
What are the advantages of allocation?
Cost allocation benefits businesses by managing the cost and avoiding unnecessary or unwarranted spend associated with IT and telecom assets and services. It provides transparency of usage and clarity into costs and potential savings through identifying zero-usage and discrepancies on a continual basis.
What does allocation mean for direct deposit?
Direct Deposit Allocations are the automatic distribution of regular, recurring electronic deposits to one or more eligible accounts. … Build family savings by allocating to your spouse’s or children’s accounts. Gain tax benefits with allocations to Custodial Accounts.
What does allocation mean for benefits?
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What are the advantages of allocating most of the cost to the land?
Allocations favorable to taxpayers
Land can never be depreciated. Since land provides no current tax benefit through depreciation deductions, a higher allocation to building is taxpayer-favorable.
How much does it cost to allocate land?
Allocate Land Value vs.
When accounting for a land and building purchase, a good rule of thumb to use is the 20/80 rule. The building is the major asset, representing approximately 80% of the purchase price. The land is the minor asset, representing approximately 20% of the purchase price.
How is land owned and allocated?
In rural areas, land is often held under community tenure and land rights are administered by traditional authorities, who have the right to allocate land in consultation with community members. Public land is collectively owned by all the country’s citizens and held in trust by the government.
How do you allocate sales proceeds between land and building?
The easiest way is to allocate the remaining values to the individual assets and then allocate the remaining amount between the land and the building unless this would be unrealistic for the land and building values. The other option is to allocate the sales proceeds to the corresponding asset.
What is the allocation of the cost of fixed assets called?
Depreciation is a process of allocation of the cost of fixed asset.
How do you calculate apportioned costs?
Calculating apportionment for income
1. Identify your gross income for the quarter. …
2. Calculate your company’s book value. …
3. Divide your gross income figure by the number of days in the relevant quarter. …
4. Multiply this number by the number of days in the year. …
5. Finally, divide your final figure by the value of your business.
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Knowledge of horse hair color you should know (Part 2)
In horses, there are four main colors:
Black horse: dark black, light black, jet black.
Gray horse: dark gray, light gray, white gray.
White horse: pure white or iridescent white, is dominant compared to other pure colors. So when the animal has white markings on a black background or a brown background, the white color seems overwhelming, so the types of horses called white gray, pink white, white dot, white langur may not be very wide on the body, but also often found on the nose, eyelids, lower extremities, mane, tail.
Horses have almost the same color throughout their lives, with only a few changes after years of development to produce a different coat color than when they were originally born. Most are white at birth, and a horse’s underlying skin color will not change. Under the basis of horsehair genetics and with DNA testing to determine how likely a horse will be born with a certain color, the researchers used horsehair color to distinguish the breed.
However, after many years of development, there are some other colors. That is the current issue that is still discussed, researched, and even continue to argue about some details, especially horses with spot patterns, colors such as “sooty” or “flaxen.” Genetically, all horses begin to be born with a chestnut color which geneticists call “red”, due to the absence of the gene (“e”), or the black of the gene ( “E”) flower. Therefore, the red is called gen (“ee”) and black (“EE” or “Ee”) are the two primary colors. In this vast range all other coat colors are generated by the action of gene addition.
The white horse is not born white. At first with black hair then fades to white, normally horse hair turns pure white between about 6-8 years old. The white horse is often referred to as the gray horse because the color changes with an aging process. The horse’s normal skin color is black, the hair is white so we look like it is gray. Many gray horses have discolored skin, some are speckled and some have red streaks called “blood marks”.
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Ayurveda Treatmentsfor Gastrointestinal Diseases
‘Gastrointestinal diseases’ is a collective term used to define the various diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract comprises various body parts such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Problems with other body parts related to digestion such as the liver, pancreas and gallbladder can also lead to gastrointestinal diseases. The number of cases involving gastrointestinal diseases has increased in recent times, primarily due to stressful lifestyles, lack of physical exercise and dependence on junk food items. As per Ayurveda, these factors disturb the balance of the Vata, Pitta & Kapha, which are the primary life forces that define an individual’s Prakṛiti (nature). The imbalance leads to various diseases such as gastrointestinal diseases.
There are various types of gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, Crohn’s disease, Celiac disease, acidity, gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhea, etc. These diseases have debilitating symptoms that can affect the quality of life. People diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases are likely to face difficulties in their personal life and professional pursuits. However, we are fortunate to have the great knowledge and wisdom of Ayurveda that can effectively treat a wide variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Ayurveda treatments not only provide instant relief, but are also beneficial in the long run, as they target and eliminate the root cause of gastrointestinal diseases.
In Ayurveda, one of the most commonly used therapies for treating gastrointestinal diseases is the Panchakarma. A Sanskrit word, Panchakarma is derived from the words ‘pancha’ meaning five and ‘karma’ meaning action. Collectively, Panchakarma refers to a five-pronged treatment approach that seeks to achieve the balance of the doshas – Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Panchakarma comprises five primary Ayurveda therapies such as Vamana (Emesis), Virechana (Purgation), Niroohavasti (Decoction enema), Nasya (Instillation of medicine through nostrils), and Anuvasanavasti (Oil enema). Panchakarma works by eliminating the toxins, strengthening the immune system and restoring the balance of the doshas. It heals from the inside to effectively treat a wide variety of gastrointestinal diseases.
Ayurveda treatments for gastrointestinal diseases have shown to provide long-lasting relief. Patients who have adhered to the recommended lifestyle changes have been able to achieve complete cure for their gastrointestinal problems. Focus on healthy diet such as fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lentils, etc. has shown to be very beneficial for patients suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. Regular exercise or yoga is also recommended for people diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases.
If you are experiencing gastrointestinal problems, it’s recommended that you consult a registered Ayurveda practitioner. The Ayurveda doctor will conduct a thoroughcheckup and devise a personalized treatment plan based on your Prakṛiti. This is essential for achievingcomplete cure for your gastrointestinal problems.
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Special Considerations For Large Breed Chickens Copy
It’s important to consider species specific and breed specific needs as well as the needs of individuals. Not all chicken enrichment ideas will be appropriate for large breed chickens. When planning enrichment for large breed chickens, keep the following in mind:
• Because they are bred to be so big, even when kept on a restricted diet, any enrichment that uses food or treats must be carefully and thoughtfully implemented.
• Avoid enrichment the includes small objects or items that could be broken off and eaten. Large breed chickens are much more likely to eat something they shouldn’t than their non-large breed cousins.
• Remember that large breed chickens are predisposed to health challenges such as foot, joint, and heart issues. Some toys such as chicken swings or ladders could cause injury to large breed chickens especially those who are older, heavier, or have certain health issues.
While studies have shown that most chickens exhibit a behavior called contrafreeloading, where they will choose to perform a task to receive food even when there is food readily available, this behavior is seen less in large breed chickens.
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[FOR HIRE] Pet portrait commissions open
Inflatable dog cone?
I need help with my series... More specifically what medium it should be?
Thank you stranger. Shows the award.
Lucky dog, me, colored pencil, 2021
Shows the Silver Award... and that's it.
When you come across a feel-good thing.
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As an educator my favorite thing to do is to walk into a space, where engaged learning is happening, and feel the energy. Whether the learners are adults or children, teachers or technicians, this feeling of engagement never fails to energize me with its focused intensity. Noise levels fluctuate from raucous roars to soft whispers. Bodies become passionately animated before resuming their statue like poise. The learners are invested in the learning that is taking place. Simply put, the learners are lost in learning.
This is flow. In an interview with Wired magazine, Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi describes flow as “being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. Your whole being is involved, and you’re using your skills to the utmost.” Flow is the optimal balance between personal challenge and skill application, where an individual loses herself in the activity and experiences engagement that cuts through time and space. If the challenge is too hard, one becomes anxious and frustrated; and if the engagement fails to utilize skill sufficiently, one becomes bored to a point of apathy. However, when the appropriate conditions are satisfied, both consciously and unconsciously, an individual can enter a state of flow and experience engagement as a sort of inner harmony
If we consider an optimal state of learning to be learning that takes place in a state of flow, we as educators should be eager to identify ways to help our students experience learning in this way. The experience of education then becomes one of engagement, growth, reflection, enjoyment and satisfaction rather than one of standardized tests, curricular outcomes, anxiety, and pressure. This means that classrooms and schools need to shift their mindsets, putting the experience of the learner as the priority, trusting that various curricular outcomes can still be met. In his book Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, Csikszentmihalyi puts forth seven conditions that need to be met in order for flow to manifest. These conditions can act as a guide for teachers as they design learning that focuses foremost on the experience of the learners.
1. A challenging activity that requires skill
• How is the activity relevant to the learner?
• How much input do students have to design the parameters of the activity?
2. Merging of action and awareness
• What ownership do students have in determining their actions in response to the situation?
• What skills must the learner utilize in order to proceed?
3. Clear goals and feedback
• How do goals develop and evolve during the learning experience?
• What opportunities are there for internal and external feedback within the school day?
4. Concentration on the task at hand
• How are time, space and individuals organized to allow for concentration to develop and be sustained?
• How is the learning space utilized to meet the needs of different learners and learning behaviors?
5. The paradox of control
• What sort of control do the learners have in steering the experience?
• What control does the teacher have to surrender in order to encourage student ownership and autonomy?
6. Transformation of Time
• How is the schedule organized to allow for learners to engage fully and completely in the activity without interruption?
• What ability to students have to determine how time is used?
7. Loss of self-consciousness
• Are students able to recognize and identify moments where consciousness is lost?
• What factors do the learners identify as crucial components to this state of being?
Prioritizing the experience of learners won’t guarantee each individual will achieve a state of flow, but it will communicate to each learner that she matters and her experience with learning matters. And maybe with this consideration as a focus, the learner might just let herself get sucked into a state of flow, getting lost in the learning that is happening all around her. And then, who knows what sort of learning might take place?
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FAQ: How To Make A French Twist Hairstyle?
FAQ: How To Make A French Twist Hairstyle?
How do you do a simple French twist?
Tease each section gently, then drop them down toward your face to hold them out of the way for the time being. Gather and twist the back of your hair. Hold it as if you are making a ponytail, then twist it until you’ve reached 3/4 way to the roots. Twist the hair up against your head.
How do you do a modern French twist?
French Twist Updo Tutorial Steps: Smooth and gather hair at the crown, pinch to center, and pin in both directions, pull on the hair for texture. Pull hair from one side across the back and secure with pins in an upward direction. Tease the rest of the hair, smooth, exposed side, and roll into a twist.
What is the difference between a bun and a chignon?
Buns are always wrapped around themselves, whether twisted around a center or braided. So while ” chignon ” technically just means a low bun, the word now carries connotations of formality and vintage style, as well as being used to describe updos that aren’t buns.
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Total Number of words made out of Iodoform = 46
Iodoform is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 14 points. Iodoform is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 15 points. Iodoform is a 8 letter medium Word starting with I and ending with M. Below are Total 46 words made out of this word.
5 letter Words made out of iodoform
1). fordo 2). fiord
4 letter Words made out of iodoform
1). roof 2). ford 3). form 4). ordo 5). from 6). room 7). odor 8). moor 9). mood 10). modi 11). food 12). rood 13). doom 14). door 15). dorm 16). fido 17). firm
3 letter Words made out of iodoform
1). rim 2). rod 3). rif 4). mor 5). rom 6). moo 7). rid 8). mod 9). for 10). fir 11). fid 12). dor 13). dom 14). mid 15). mir 16). dim 17). fro
2 letter Words made out of iodoform
1). do 2). or 3). id 4). of 5). if 6). od 7). mi 8). mo 9). om
Iodoform Meaning :- A yellow- crystalline- volatile substance- CI3H- having an offensive odor and sweetish taste- and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores.
Synonyms of Iodoform:- triiodomethane
Find Words which
Also see:-
1. Words that start with Iodoform
2. Vowel only words
3. consonant only words
4. 7 Letter words
5. Words with J
6. Words with Z
7. Words with X
8. Words with Q
9. Words that start with Q
10. Words that start with Z
11. Words that start with F
12. Words that start with X
Word Finder Tools
1. Scrabble finder
2. Words with friends finder
3. Anagram Finder
4. Crossword Solver
Words made from adding one letter at the End of iodoform
Note There are 4 vowel letters and 4 consonant letters in the word iodoform. I is 9th, O is 15th, D is 4th, F is 6th, R is 18th, M is 13th, Letter of Alphabet series.
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Could you tell me about a weed... | Almanac.com
Could you tell me about a weed...
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Could you tell me about a weed called common mullein?
Mullein belongs to the snapdragon family and is one of the easiest plants to identify. It lives on roadsides and in waste places and by its second year can grow to a height of six feet. Leaves cover the flowering stem. Yellow flowers peak in a terminal spike and are conspicuous because of their orange stamens. Mullein has many common names—beggar’s blanket, Aaron’s rod, and witch’s candle, among others—and it has been widely used since the Roman Empire. Roman soldiers used it for torches, and Roman ladies colored their hair with the yellow dye made from the plant. Quaker rouge is another common name, because Quaker ladies rubbed the mullein leaves on their cheeks to make them red (since cosmetics were forbidden). The leaves served as shoe liners to keep out the cold. Mullein has been used since ancient times for the treatment of pulmonary congestion in cattle. Native Americans applied boiled leaves to body joints for the relief of rheumatism and applied smoked leaves to the head as a headache remedy. During the early 1900s, a cough medicine made from mullein was popular in the United States.
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Activity ID
March 31, 2024
Format Type
CME Credit
CME Provider: American Medical Association
Description of CME Course
Facilitate Early Discussions with Patients.
1. This activity is part of the AMA STEPSForward initiative.
2. This activity is free to AMA members.
Register for this Activity
ABMS Member Board Approvals by Type
More Information
Commercial Support?
Educational Objectives
1. Explain the importance of an end-of-life letter to your staff and describe what is needed to ensure that it is built into your practice workflow;
2. Identify how to approach all patient populations about beginning and completing their end-of-life letter;
3. Discuss with staff the importance of adding your patient's completed end-of-life letter to their patient chart;
4. Describe the need for a practice to check in with their patients to annually update their end-of-life letters.
Patient Care
Interpersonal & Communication Skills, Professionalism
CME Credit Type
AMA PRA Category 1 Credit
MIPS Approved
This activity qualifies for the CMS Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS), where you can earn a performance-based payment adjustment to your Medicare payment
View All Activities by this CME Provider
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Hold me accountable, why?
Here’s seven rules to tighten up your accountability:Ensure at the outset that everyone is clear about why the task is important.Assign the task to the right person and be available to give support.Be specific and crystal clear with all communication. Remember, they don’t know what they don’t know.Ask them to repeat back the instructions, to ensure the message was interpreted correctly.Set a realistic timeframe and provide delivery instructions and expectations.Agree on consequences for inaction.Have quick catch ups to check progress is on track.
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Difference between revisions of "Environment"
From CS 61A Wiki
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* [http://pythontutor.com Python Tutor]
* [http://pythontutor.com Python Tutor]
Latest revision as of 11:32, 9 July 2014
An environment consists of a sequence of frames. Code is evaluated line by line in the environment. Starting in the global frame, users evaluate environments by binding values to variables and by evaluating function calls. Function calls will create local frames, in which the user evaluates the calls (like a mini environment) and returns to the global frame. One way to evaluate an environment is through environment diagrams.
Text Example
In the following code, the sequence of frames that makes up the environment of inner is innerouterglobal.
x = 1
y = 2
def outer():
x = 3
y = 4
def inner():
x = 5
y = 6
return inner
1. The integer 1 is assigned to variable x.
2. 2 is assigned to y.
3. The variable outer points to a function.
4. The interpreter moves down to outer()(), and executes the function outer().
1. x and y are re-assigned to 3 and 4 respectively.
2. The variable inner points to a function (do not execute this function yet!).
3. "Return inner" indicates that outer() returns the function inner.
5. Since outer() returns inner, now we execute what's left: inner().
1. x and y are re-assigned to 5, 6.
6. Program terminates.
Visual Example
See also
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At one time or another, most parents experience difficulty getting their children to sleep. Children often resist sleep for a variety of reasons, such as fear, stress, curiosity, and separation anxiety. However, when they don’t get a full night’s sleep, it can cause behavioural issues, such as emotional outbursts, irritability, and trouble paying attention. The good news is that there are several things you can do to make sure your child gets the sleep they require. The tips below can help make bedtime a less stressful process for the whole family.
1. Know how much sleep your child needs
At different points in their development, children will require a certain number of hours of sleep per day. This number will include their night sleeping, as well as naps. Understanding how sleep needs change with age will help you set appropriate nap times, bedtimes, and wake-up times. Our list below will help you determine your child’s requirements based on their age.
• Pre-schoolers (3-5 years): 10-13 hours
2. Create A Set Bedtime and Wake-Up Time
Once you know how much sleep your child requires each night, you can set bedtimes and wake-up times suited to their needs. Sticking to a consistent sleep schedule reinforces your body’s natural circadian rhythm and “trains” you to feel drowsy and wake up around the same time each day. Before you know it, your child will be heading to bed without any trouble.
3. Make Bedtime a Family Event
Children often resist bedtime because they fear they are missing out on time with their families. If parents or siblings are up watching television, the children preparing for bed may feel as if they are missing out on valuable family time. However, if the whole family prepares for bed at the same time, children will feel included and become less anxious.
4. Create A Bedtime Routine
Having an established bedtime routine can help your child mentally and physically prepare for sleep. Before long, the routine will automatically signal your child to relax, making them more open to sleep. Children also tend to feel more safe and secure when they know what to expect night after night. You will want to work with your child to create the perfect bedtime routine for them, however, our list below can help give you some ideas on what to include.
● Brushing their teeth
● Taking a relaxing bath
● Putting on comfy pyjamas
● Read them a book
● Tucking them in
● Talking about their day
5. Create A Soothing Sleep Environment
Making your child’s sleep environment more relaxing can also help facilitate sleep. Keep their room cool, quiet, free of clutter, and with as little light as possible. A small nightlight is fine, but be sure to remove any electronic light from their sleep space. Choose the best mattress and the right soft sheets, blankets, and pillows that can help kids fall asleep faster.
6. Reduce Stress Before Bedtime
High levels of stress can create an overproduction of cortisol in your child’s body. Too much cortisol in their system can keep them awake longer and delay sleep. You can help to keep your child’s bedtime activities stress-free by reducing noise, dimming lights, talking softly, remaining calm, and keeping discussion topics light and positive.
7. Reduce Focus on Sleep
Insisting it is time for your child to fall asleep can often create more stress and anxiety when they are unable to fall asleep quickly. However, keeping the focus on relaxing the body and calming the mind can help your child naturally fall into a peaceful sleep.
8. Reduce Screen Time
Too much light from electronic screens, such as phones, television, computers, and video games, can interfere with the natural production of melatonin in your child’s body. Melatonin is your body’s key to feeling sleepy and ready for bed. Research shows that even a half-hour of television in the 2 hours before bed can disrupt this production. Consider reducing your child’s screen time at least 2 hours before bed as to not hinder melatonin production.
9. Avoid Big Meals Before Bed
Eating a big meal causes your child’s body to work hard at digestion. If their body is working to digest food, it cannot slow down and prepare for sleep. To help your child completely relax before bed, make sure their last big meal is at least 3 hours before bed and avoid sugary snacks.
10. Be Sure They Get Regular Exercise
Getting regular physical exercise helps your child to feel sleepy and ready for bed quicker. It’s important for your child to be active during the day so they don’t have a lot of energy when it’s time to go to bed. However, be sure to have some calm time to avoid overstimulation.
11. Create Protection Against Their Fears
Children often have irrational fears associated with bedtime. Disregarding these fears can often make matters worse. It is best to address the fear head-on. Consider working with your child to create a system of securing their sleep space against these fears.
12. Comfortable Objects
Many children develop attachments to comfort objects, such as blankets and teddy bears. These objects are often soothing and can help children fall asleep faster. If your child does not already have a comfort object, consider using a special blanket, pillow, or stuffed animal to help signal bedtime.
Bedtime can often be a stressful time, but using these tips can help the whole family find a more peaceful night’s sleep. If your child continues to struggle with sleep, you may want to consider discussing possible sleep disorders with your child’s paediatrician.
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California political giants: Richard Nixon greets Ronald Reagan in San Diego on Aug. 16, 1968.
California political giants: Richard Nixon greets Ronald Reagan in San Diego in August 1968. | AP Photo
California primed to join the Union, Sept. 7, 1850
On this day in 1850, the House voted 150-56 to admit California to the Union as a nonslave state. Every Northern legislator who voted supported the measure, as did 27 Southerners. Two days later, President Millard Fillmore signed the measure, making California the nation’s 31st state.
It took 38 days, until Oct. 18 — when the Pacific Mail Line Steamship SS Oregon docked in San Francisco — for word to reach the new state. The news sparked a bang-up celebration that lasted for weeks.
California’s admission came as a result of the Compromise of 1850. Sen. Henry Clay, a Kentucky Whig and former House speaker, brokered the agreement. The compromise, which powerful Sen. John C. Calhoun (D-S.C.) opposed, denied the slave-owning South access to the Pacific.
From 1847 to 1850, California had military governors appointed by the senior military commander in California. Responding to popular demand for a more representative government, Gen. Bennett Riley issued a proclamation on June 3, 1849, calling for a constitutional convention. Meanwhile, President James K. Polk tried to get Congress in 1848, and again in 1849, to make California a territory. But his efforts stalled over the slavery issue.
A deal was finally possible after the sudden death of President Zachary Taylor, who, though a slave owner, had favored excluding slavery from the Southwest. After the initial bargain failed to pass in early 1850, Clay urged Sen. Stephen Douglas (D-Ill.) to divide his measure into several politically digestible smaller pieces, thereby narrowly winning passage.
Most newly acquired regions of the United States went through long periods as territories before they had the minimum 60,000 inhabitants (informally) required to achieve statehood. Prior to the Gold Rush, emigration to California had been so slow that it would have been decades before the population reached that number. But with gold fever reaching epidemic proportions around the world, more than 60,000 people from around the globe came to California in 1849 alone.
Faced with such rapid growth, as well as a divisive congressional debate over the question of expansion of slavery into the new territories, Congress let California jump straight to full statehood without passing through a formal territorial process.
On Sept. 11, California’s first representatives, Edward Gilbert, a Democrat, and George Washington Wright, an independent, were sworn in as House members — 51 fewer than the current Golden State delegation.
The state’s first senator was John C. Frémont, a former major in the U.S. Army, who had seized control of California from the Bear Flag Republic in 1846 and earned a personal fortune in the Gold Rush. Frémont went on to become the Republican candidate for president in 1856, the first presidential election year in which the GOP was a viable contender for the prize.
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Check the Dew Point Before Exercising Outside
Heat Index and Dew Point Explained
How do you use the dew point and heat index?
How do you use the dew point and heat index?
The heat index and dew point are two ways to measure how good of a workout or run you’re going to get outside. But one measurement is a lot easier to use than the other. Here’s how they both work.
Think of the heat index as a measure of how hot it’s going to feel.
The heat index (also known as the apparent temperature) is what the temperature will feel like to the human body when relative humidity is combined with the air temperature.
When humidity and temperature are both high, your body reacts as if it’s hotter than the thermostat may indicate. If the heat index is above 90, you should keep your outside workouts shorter. If it’s above 105, hit the water or exercise inside. There’s a convenient chart made by NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) that you can use to figure out what the heat index is going to be.
Reading the heat index chart is simple. You find the temperature along the top, then move down that column until you hit the row that matches the relative humidity. The number you land on is the heat index.
Heat Index Chart
What the heat index numbers mean.
80 to 91 degrees Fahrenheit is a lower risk level, and you should take basic safety steps like wearing light reflective clothing, drinking plenty of water, and wearing head coverings.
91 to 103 degrees Fahrenheit moves the risk level to moderate, and you should be more careful monitoring your body temperature and how you feel.
103 and 115 degrees Fahrenheit moves you into the high-risk level, and it’s probably best to take your workouts indoors or reschedule to cooler times during the day.
115 degrees Fahrenheit or higher makes the risk very high to extreme, and you might not want to be outside at all.
The dew point is all about humidity.
Here’s the definition according to the National Weather Service.
“The dew point is the temperature the air needs to be cooled to (at constant pressure) in order to achieve a relative humidity (RH) of 100%. At this point the air cannot hold more water in the gas form. If the air were to be cooled even more, water vapor would have to come out of the atmosphere in the liquid form, usually as fog or precipitation.”
The simple explanation is this: The higher the dew point, the greater amount of moisture that’s in the air and the muggier you’re going to feel.
The big advantage of the dew point is that the measurement will always tell you how it will feel outside, regardless of the actual temperature or humidity. If you have a dew point of 55 degrees Fahrenheit, that will always feel comfortable. But if the humidity is 55%, it can feel very different depending on the temperature.
How to read the dew point numbers.
Dew Point Fahrenheit
Dew Point Celcius
How it Feels
> 24
Extremely uncomfortable, humid and miserable.
Very uncomfortable, humid and oppressive.
Moderately uncomfortable and humid.
Slightly uncomfortable, humid and feeling “sticky.”
Very comfortable and pleasant.
Comfortable, but the air is drier.
< 32
< 0
Comfort varies, for some, the air may be too dry.
Pay attention to the dew point when you go out, and pretty soon, you’ll know just how comfortable or uncomfortable you’ll feel when you’re outside. Remember this: As the dew point increases, it gets harder and harder for the body to cool itself. Sweat helps keep you cool by evaporating and creating a cooling effect. If the dew point is high, there’s more moisture in the air, so sweat doesn’t evaporate as quickly.
Here are some websites that post the dew point.
National Weather Service: https://www.weather.gov/arx/why_dewpoint_vs_humidity
Weather.com: https://weather.com/maps/currentdewpoint
Weather Street: https://weatherstreet.com/states/u-s-dewpoint-temperature-forecast.htm
Weather Underground: https://www.wunderground.com/
For those of you on vacation, watch the dew point closely. If it’s higher or lower than you’re used to, you need to adjust your run or outdoor workout accordingly.
Call for a FREE Consultation (305) 296-3434
CAUTION: Check with your doctor before
beginning any diet or exercise program.
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Yandex services use push notifications to send different helpful messages, such as weather warnings, traffic data, and Yandex.Market offers.
View notifications
If you missed a notification, you can view it later. To do this, tap in the upper-left corner.
Unread notifications are highlighted blue. To mark a notification as read, tap → Mark as read to the right of it.
Enable or disable notifications
To configure notifications:
1. In the upper left corner, tap .
2. To the right of Notifications, tap → Settings.
3. Switch off the notifications you don't want to receive.
Why don't I receive notifications
To receive notifications, allow them in your device's system settings and in the app settings.
In the device settings, go to Notifications. Find the “Yandex” app and make sure that it's allowed to send notifications.
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how to pronounce they
how to improve pronunciation of they
press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound.
press Play to play an example pronunciation of they.
video examples of they pronunciation
An example use of they in a speech by a native speaker of american english:
“… i had to get in i they told me that i …”
meanings of they
1. A single person, previously mentioned, especially if of unknown or non-binary gender, but not if previously named and identified as male or female.
2. There (especially as an expletive subject of be).
3. People; some people; people in general; someone, excluding the speaker.
4. A group of people, animals, plants, or objects previously mentioned.
1. Their.
2. The, those.
words with pronunciation similar to they
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The Importance of Removing the Stigmas of Mental Health Disorders
Mental health is just as important as physical health. We may think that we are doing okay if our heart, lungs, and bodily systems function correctly. But, if we are depressed or anxious, it can be difficult to enjoy our good health. What’s more, poor mental health can lead to physical conditions that further reduce the quality of life.
Because mental health is so essential, its critical to get help if you are experiencing a temporary or ongoing issue. But the stigmas attached to disorders prevent people from seeking reaching out. When this occurs, individuals dealing with these conditions may go on a downward spiral leading to poor health, addiction, and even suicide.
So, the question is, what can we, as a society, do to reduce mental health stigmas? Read on to find out.
What are the Various Types of Stigmas?
Stigmas come in a variety of forms, including:
Public stigmaThis describes the negative and discriminatory attitudes many people have toward individuals with mental illness.
Self-stigmaThis refers to the negative attitude a person dealing with a mental disorder may feel about their own condition.
Institutional stigmaThis comes from private and public institutions that discriminate against people with mental disorders by limiting opportunities or providing fewer resources for those affected.
Stigmas often develop from a lack of understanding and feelings of fear. In some instances, they may be supported culturally. For example, in Asian communities, mental illness may be associated with shame and weakness.
Mental illness stigmas may be further enforced by the media. For example, the movie The Joker showed a person with mental illness becoming extremely violent. A study showed that the film was “associated with higher levels of prejudice toward those with mental illness.”
Overcoming Stigma
Fortunately, recent efforts have brought increased awareness concerning the harm of mental health stigmas. Here are some of the ways people and organizations are making a change.
Mental health stigmas often develop because people don’t understand disorders. They receive misinformation that feeds negative perceptions. For example, many believe that people with mental illness are more likely to commit violent crimes.
Educational programs aim to counter negative stereotypes by replacing them with factual information. They can be conducted on any scale ranging from local to national. They have been found to combat both public and self-stigma. Educational interventions have also been shown to be effective in acceptance and commitment therapy which uses acceptance and mindfulness to reverse self-stigmas.
Connections and Networking
Stigmas can be overcome through connection. As it stands, people without mental health conditions have little contact with those dealing with disorders. This lack of contact promotes feelings of fear and distrust.
More recently, people, including many well-known celebrities, have been coming forward to talk about their experience with mental illness. This type of communication has been shown to increase understanding and acceptance. It has also caused people dealing with disorders to become empowered, encouraging them to step forward to get the help they need.
There are various avenues for connection, including in-person, video, and online, with online being most appealing for younger generations. These online connections can also offer increased privacy to an individual who may be battling a self-stigma with regard to seeking help, as they can occur within the individual’s home or another place where the person feels most comfortable.
Peer Services
Peer services involve people with mental health issues taking on the role of therapist. The people providing help are aware of their peers’ issues and can provide assistance with a nonjudgmental, nondiscriminatory approach. This type of in-person contact is found to be effective in changing attitudes and reducing stigmas.
In recent times, efforts have been made to professionalize peer services through a certification process. This may improve the quality of care people are receiving.
Protest and Advocacy
Protest and advocacy can be used to promote civil rights for people dealing with mental health issues. Protestors and advocates may use strategies such as boycotts, demonstrations, petitions, and letter writing to promote their cause. This can help individuals who want to remove mental health stigmas but are unaware of the avenues of change available to them.
Advocates typically target politicians, business owners, and the press to suppress negative attitudes on mental health. In some cases, they may call for legislative reform that provides equal rights and promotes access to helpful resources.
Mental health needs to be prioritized. This can be difficult to do if stigmas exist in our society.
Fortunately, awareness has been raised regarding the harm of mental health stigma, and action is being taken. This comes in the form of education, forging connections, and peer services. What will you do to join in the fight to suppress negative attitudes towards mental disorders?
Dr. Alddo Molinar is an anesthesiologist, based in Martins Ferry, OH, who received his medical degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School.
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How to differentiate
Do the differentiated it is the duty of all of us citizens for the purpose of protecting the environment. Thanks to differentiated it is possible to recover material to be reused without having to exploit virgin material. This is the case of aluminum, for example, which can be recycled indefinitely without having to resort to the extraction of bauxite. It goes without saying that many other materials such as plastic and paper can be recycled, so we will explain below how to differentiate correctly, avoiding the most common mistakes.
How to differentiate, the glass
Glass is a material mainly for food purposes therefore it is essential to carry out the correct disposal of it. in this regard it should be emphasized that there are materials that must be mistakenly disposed of in the glass container. This is the case of ceramics, crystal, pyrex dishes, mirrors, which contain materials that are harmful to human health and the environment such as lead. Incorrect disposal would compromise the recycling process, therefore it is good to be careful before placing the waste in the appropriate container. Before disposing of any glass object, it is preferable to rinse it with water and remove any residues such as caps, gaskets, etc.
How to differentiate, the paper
Paper and packaging cardboard must be thrown away in the special containers intended for paper disposal, taking care to remove any metal staples or cellophane. It is common to make the mistake of placing dirty handkerchiefs and napkins in the paper. This operation is wrong as they contain food residues or other that can compromise the recycling process. The same thing applies to receipts, they should not be disposed of together with the paper as they are made of thermal paper. Their disposal must be done in undifferentiated.
How to separate, the plastic
As far as plastic is concerned, all plastic packaging materials must be disposed of in the appropriate bins, i.e. glasses, flacons, bottles, glasses, plates, but also bags, films and envelopes. Therefore all plastic objects that are not used to contain, such as toys, slippers, balls, etc. they do not go into the plastic container but into the unsorted garbage container.
How to differentiate, aluminum
In the aluminum container, drink cans, foil or food trays, spray cans, tubes of toothpaste, caps must be separated.
How to differentiate, appliances and light bulbs
The materials that are part of the WEEE category must be disposed of following specific instructions as they contain substances that can harm the environment but also precious materials such as gold, palladium, copper and rare earths, which can be recovered and reused. Weee generally must be disposed of in the ecological islands prepared by the municipalities, or through door-to-door collection.
Video: An Introduction to Differentiation (January 2022).
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Blocked IP Address due to Suspicious Activity
IP address
URL /bookshop/search/
Query string keyword=Fables,+Vol.+17:+Inherit+the+Wind%20Mark+Buckingham+Adam+Hughes+Andrew+Pepoy+Steve+Leialoha+Bill+Willingham+P.+Craig+Russell+Joao+Ruas&a_aid=thestorygraph
User agent CCBot/2.0 (
Timestamp 28-Jan-2022 06:45:36 UK time
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Shopping with Money worksheets
Shopping with Money worksheets
Shopping with money worksheets
How much does it cost to buy something? How much change will you have after buying something? Learn to count money with these fun worksheets.
How it works
Various items are depicted with prices. Questions are posed as to how much you can buy with the money you have been given. The worksheets start simple but become progressively more challenging.
BONUS: Answers sheet included!
Various currency notations to choose from
Choose between dollar ($), Pound (£) or Euro (€) currency notation depending on your region.
Other products
Check out all the other Money worksheets products also.
Visit also my Teachers Pay Teachers & BOOM Learning stores for virtual learning online products.
Additional information
Dollar, Pound, Euro
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| 0.803932 |
Excel_Values manipulation
Hello All,
I have an excel file full of different values , i have to search for similar values and put them in a consecutive way, .
if i have this input for example
I need to get this result
image .
Any Ideas Please!
Buddy…!, please find the below steps that can resolve your issue.
1. Read the table and convert to datatable
2. Use for each row to loop through the datatable
3. Use assign activity like
— ListName = row(0).tostring
where listname is the list type of string with default value new list(of string) and row is the for each row loop datarow value of datatable
4. Next use two for each loop one inside the other to iterate through each element of the list. Here comes the comparison of two similar value and placing them consecutively.like this
for (i=0;i<=item1.count;i++)
for (j=i+1;j<=item2.count;j++)
if (i==j)
//assign that " i " value to variable1
// use write cell or write range activities to enter that to an excel
//assign that " i " value to variable 2
} //end second for loop
}//end first for loop
5. Thats alll…you can get the result.
Hope this would help you
1 Like
HI @teyssir
So, you need all the similar values close to each other one below the other. Just like a sorted list right?
Follow the below steps.
1. Use a Read Range activity to read the data in your excel file into a datatable variable
2. Use a Sort Data Table activity and sort the data in ascending or descending order. This will bring all the similar values close to each other just like what you have in your screenshot.
In here, under input provide your datatable which holds the excel data
Under output mention the same datatable so that it will add the sorted data to the same datatable
Under Index give the column index in your excel starting from 0. - Use this if you do not have a column name in excel. If you have a column header, then provide the column name under Name
Then finally use a Write Range activity to write the data back to an excel file…
This should work for you.
Let know whether this works for you to get the problem resolved :slight_smile:
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JanetDocsPlaygroundI'm feeling luckyGitHub sign in
boot.janet on line 2256, column 1
(run-context opts)
Run a context. This evaluates expressions in an environment, and
encapsulates the parsing, compilation, and evaluation. Returns (in
environment :exit-value environment) when complete. opts is a table
or struct of options. The options are as follows:
* `:chunks` - callback to read into a buffer - default is getline
* `:on-parse-error` - callback when parsing fails - default is
* `:env` - the environment to compile against - default is the
current env
* `:source` - string path of source for better errors - default is
* `:on-compile-error` - callback when compilation fails - default
is bad-compile
* `:on-compile-warning` - callback for any linting error - default
is warn-compile
* `:evaluator` - callback that executes thunks. Signature is
(evaluator thunk source env where)
* `:on-status` - callback when a value is evaluated - default is
* `:fiber-flags` - what flags to wrap the compilation fiber with.
Default is :ia.
* `:expander` - an optional function that is called on each top
level form before being compiled.
* `:parser` - provide a custom parser that implements the same
interface as Janet's built-in parser.
* `:read` - optional function to get the next form, called like
`(read env source)`. Overrides all parsing.
0 examplesSign in to add an example
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| 0.83971 |
Methods for assembling biological molecules within lipid environments onto electrodes.
by Ha, Joomi; Henry, Charles Sherman; Fritsch, Ingrid
An ion channel polypeptide, Gramicidin A (gA), was assembled into org. films on electrodes to create and study possible materials for electrochem. sensing. One assembly method involves self-assembled "monolayers" (SAMs) from hexadecanethiol (C16SH) + gA mixts., followed by different solvent rinses. Ethanol rinses yield monolayers, but appear to remove gA. Water rinses form multiple layers of C16SH and gA. A second assembly method reproducibly forms bilayers by disruption of gA-contg. vesicles of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) onto ethanol-rinsed SAMs of C16SH + gA, followed by the water rinse. Ellipsometry verified the no. of layers of mols. in the films on the surfaces. Permeation of Fe(CN)63- is essentially negligible at all films. Electrochem. response to K+ and Mg2+ at bilayers and to Ag+ and Pb2+ at water-rinsed "SAMs" is consistent with the selectivity of the channel former of gA. The mere presence of gA might also cause this selectivity. Exact conformation of gA in these films has not yet been detd. [on SciFinder(R)]
Proceedings - Electrochemical Society
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TJ hosts a skills football camp for youth ages 8-15 every summer in his hometown in the East Bay area of California to honor his roots. The day-long camp gives youth the opportunity to enhance their football skills with the guidance of current and former NFL athletes. They learn drills and practice habits to improve their performance.
But the camp is more than teaching football lessons. It’s about developing attributes that extend beyond the athletic field. What does it take to “Be A Pro”? During the camp, TJ focuses on lessons of discipline, time management, healthy lifestyle, following directions, and respect. It is at his football camp that he is able to share these important messages. TJ hopes that his message, “Be A Pro,” resonates with the kids long after the camp has concluded and they continue to practice these valued lessons. He understands that the kids come to the camp to enhance their football skills, but he also knows that the life skills that are taught will provide them a winning game plan for life.
The chances of achieving my dream of making it into the NFL were very slim after my surgery. It really challenged me to how hard I was willing to work to achieve that dream.
TJ Carrie
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We can dwell in endless debates on the importance of sleep, however we’re living in an era of workaholic culture, when the ability to work 24/7 as well as devoting the lifetime to work has become a given. Let's get this straight: how "sleep hunger" can impact health, and how to cope with it.
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The second subject should refer to the first subject and make clear reference as to how the two are comparable or different. This will help to ensure continuity and strengthen reader engagement. The section below presents these three criteria as thepoints-of-referencelisted in the middle column of the chart. We call thempoints-of-referencebecause we willreferto each factor when we think about each one of the schools we have to consider, and they indicate the threepointswe think are most important when considering our decision. On either side of these points you will find columns listing our thoughts regarding going to a community college (the left-hand column) vs. going to a state university (the right-hand column).
However, if you are looking to do more than lose weight, you may want to stick to walking. Walkers had a lower incidence of age-related cataracts when compared to both runners and the general population. Walkers also had lower incidences of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and diabetes. Which activity is best for you depends upon your health goals. Today’s athletes might be surprised that the earliest runners did so while nude. As uncomfortable as that sounds, running is a great way to keep healthy, clothes or no clothes.
How Do We Write Compare And Contrast?
In other words, though you will often consider both the similarities and differences among subjects, when you write your essay for this module, you will discusseitherthe subjects’ similarities ortheir differences . In this module, students will learn how to construct a comparison or contrast essay in order to evaluate, gain insight, or to make a choice. The thesis statement must include the two topics that will be compared and contrasted.
The block format works well if you plan to spend more time on one idea than the other. With the point-by-point how to introduce a quote in an essay format, you alternate back and forth between the ideas, focusing on one point of comparison at a time.
How Do You Start A Point By Point Essay?
Include an introduction and a conclusion no matter which method you choose to structure the body of your essay. It is often helpful to write the introduction and conclusion after you have written the body of your paper. A good introduction will introduce your subject in a general fashion and then begin to narrow gradually, ending with your essay writing tips argument. The conclusion should return to the ideas with which you began your essay and restate your argument. It should leave your reader with a summary of your main points as well as your argument. Comparison essays are also known as compare and contrast essays. They show the differences and similarities between two different items.
what is a point by point method essay
When comparing two politicians, for example, you might first look at political party affiliations followed by political backgrounds, and then compare and contrast their positions on key issues. This method draws more attention to the differences between the two topics. You can write about any two subjects you want; just make sure you make an overall point about them.
Revising Passive Voice Sentences
Any further research required or suggested for the future? Here we might say something about how you should always compare places when you are thinking about going on vacation. Added analysis at the end of the paragraph to explain the earlier pieces of evidence.
Your thesis statement While Los Angeles certainly has a lot to offer, San Francisco has an old-world charm that can’t be replicated and should be the choice of travelers considering a visit to the Golden State. For example, let’s say that you are writing a paper on the differences between Los Angeles and San Francisco. Running and walking require different levels of time commitment. It is entirely possible what is a point by point method essay to burn as many calories walking as it is running, but it will take much longer. The exact numbers depend upon how fast you run versus how fast you walk, but a good rule to remember is that it takes twice as long to walk off the same number of calories as it does to run them off. If you are looking for a large, intelligent, active dog to provide service or companionship, many breeds could fit the bill.
How To Write A Compare
That goes double for topics that are often conflated or confused for each other; it helps readers when someone points out exactly what’s the same about them and what’s different. Compare and contrast papers are most commonly seen in secondary and post-secondary classrooms and, in many circumstances, the assignment instructions will clearly outline the topics or ideas that need to be compared. However, in the event that it does not, you may be write an analytical essay asked to create a basis for comparison on a subject of your choosing. Another way to organize a comparison/contrast paper is to use the block method to write about the two subjects in separate parts of the paper. Remember, the overall goal is to show how the two topics relate. As you will soon see, this kind of planning is especially useful when you decide to organize your essay using the point-by-point method, which we will discuss below.
Technically, comparing means looking at similarities, while contrast means looking at differences. Therefore, you may actually be writing about both in your essay, and in this case you could call it a compare/contrast essay. There are basically two ways of organizing comparison and contrast — subjects and points. In a short essay, it is efficient to organize by general subjects.
Comparing And Contrasting
We would mention the California Academy of Sciences and how it’s basically several museums rolled into one. We would also probably mention Musée Mécanique, which is located right in the heart of Fisherman’s Wharf and is filled with early 20th century coin-operated games. At the end of claim 3, we would also want to have a transition sentence so that it argumentative essays doesn’t look awkward when we immediately start talking about Los Angeles in the Subject B paragraph. As with any exercise routine, be sure to check with your doctor before beginning any new fitness regimen. German shepherds and golden retrievers fulfill some of the most critical roles we have for working dogs, and they make wonderful companion animals.
what is a point by point method essay
College essays since they show the instructor how well you grasp both subjects. Writing a compare and contrast essay can be confusing if you don’t know how to begin. Come up with your unique differences according to your own experiences. Adding personal experiences and facts will make the essay much more attractive and engaging to the readers. It is likely what is a point by point method essay that you were able to pick out more dissimilarities than similarities. This means that you may have to do a little more research to see how your items are connected. If you are asked to come up with a topic, it is important the subjects be comparable so that you are capable of clearly articulating the differences and the similarities between each.
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| 0.704755 |
Improving security starts with a good assessment program where you identify threats and vulnerabilities. Our program guides you through this assessment process where you'll gain a better understanding of the way your House of Worship (HoW) operates. While answering the assessment questions, you'll start identifying possible vulnerabilities and threats. Then you'll consider the different countermeasures to diminish the threats and ultimately reduce or even eliminate vulnerability. To do this your security plan may be designed with the "Security in Depth" concept.
SurveyEssentials SID.jpg
Looking at the image above, you can better understand the concept of “Security in Depth”. A security plan could be designed in layers or rings of protection surrounding the things needing protection.
Each ring represents a certain feature within your security plan:
1. For example, an outer ring (Layer 1) could be the perimeter fence or the building wall of the house of worship.
2. The next ring (Layer 2) could then be the external doors and windows and hardware and locking devices.
3. A third ring (Layer 3) could be the internal walls, ceilings, doos, etc.
4. The fourth ring (Layer 4) could be technology (Access Control / ID system for controlled or restricted areas internally and externally, with CCTV systems to monitor sensitive/critical function areas where you may have computers and storage devices with sensitive data or a safe, personnel, and other high valuable assets.
5. The fifth ring (Layer 5) could be the internal safes, cabinets, desk and drawers, that secure documents, and other important information and assets.
These layers are then integrated into a security program that includes qualified people who formulate and enforce policies and procedures - to make it work. People can provide protection as well as monitor and enforce the rules which guide these different rings of security to function in a compatible manner. Each element is to work in harmony with the others.
Before you consider these layers, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive security survey / vulnerability assessment:
1. Determine where your valuable / critical assets are
2. Brainstorm to identify different events that could create loss (loss events). (historical information should be gathered and reviewed)
3. The rate of occurrence / recurrence of those events
4. The impact or consequence on the House of Worship, if the loss events occurred
5. Consider options available to diminish the probability of the loss events from occurring and pick the best option(s) to implement
6. Start making estimates on the cost (if any) to budget for improvements
7. Review the different policies and procedures currently practiced and update accordingly
8. If you haven't conducted a security/vulnerability assessment on you house of worship, now is the time to start.
Questions? Contact us @[email protected]
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Fennel Pollen
SKU: 1911592
Size :
Ingredients: Fennel Pollen.
Description: Gathered from flowering fennel plants, this is the concentrated essence of fennel, with far greater intensity in both flavor and aroma. A sprinkle of fennel pollen enhances the flavors of seafood, beef, poultry, pork, vegetables and salads. To enjoy its incredible taste, you only need to use a little!
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how to pronounce anomie
how to improve pronunciation of anomie
press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound.
press Play to play an example pronunciation of anomie.
video examples of anomie pronunciation
An example use of anomie in a speech by a native speaker of british english:
“… Markus anomie have gone home now and …”
meanings of anomie
1. Alienation or social instability caused by erosion of standards and values.
words with pronunciation similar to anomie
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Christmas Song Story: Once in Royal David’s City
The carol originally appeared as a poem written by Cecil Frances Alexander. The poem was first published in the 1848 Hymns for Little Children.
The poem tells the story of the nativity and was combined in a collection with other well-known hymns such as “All Things Bright and Beautiful” and “There is a Green Hill Far Away”.
Cecil Frances Alexander
The following year, Henry John Gauntlett, an English organists, discovered the poem and set it to music.
Since 1919, the King’s College Chapel Cambridge as begun it’s Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols with this carol. They use an arrangement by their longtime organist {from 1876-1929} Dr. Arthur Henry Mann. The song serves as a processional hymn.
The first verse includes a soloists, who is usually chosen the day of the performances. The choirmaster decides who has the strongest voice on that day.
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What's happening in Satara
One place for everything Satara
Featuring unique information and insights to help you make travel plans for Satara, including safety and security. Before you go, immerse yourself in all that a destination has to offer; experiences with history, nature and food will make your journey unforgettable. Learn about Satara's people and culture - the flavor that shapes its music, art and stories.
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How to Use Positive Reinforcement with Dogs
Recently, I shared how I use certain concepts to improve the way I train as a professional dog trainer.
These concepts come together from the greats in the world of positive reinforcement dog training.
In it, I promised to deep-dive into reinforcement and how to use positive reinforcement with dogs – and today's post is about precisely this.
If you've not read my previous post yet, you might be wondering, “Well, why is reinforcement so important when we're working with our dogs.”
One short and powerful statement from the “Father of Operant Conditioning,” B.F. Skinner sums up the “why” of reinforcement perfectly.
Reinforcement builds behavior.
This means that the more a behavior is reinforced (rewarded), the more likely it will occur again.
Does Positive Reinforcement Increase Behavior in Dogs?
German Shepherd Dog Looking at Handler in a Training Session
Yes, it does! And it works because it's a motivator.
In a nutshell, it means adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
The more reinforcement history behind a particular behavior, the more it will become “second nature” to a dog.
And so, using reinforcement your dog genuinely values will build and increase all those beautiful behaviors you want to see.
But here's the kicker…
Reinforcement will also build and increase those unwanted behaviors – which are not ones we necessarily want.
For example, a dog who jumps up on people is reinforced with attention. And even if that attention is a verbal “no” or a push down (neither of which I recommend) – it's still reinforcing the dog.
Another example is a dog chasing small wildlife, the chase is reinforcing, and if they happen to catch the small animal, that's a double-whammy reinforcer.
And if your dog pulls on their leash, and you keep moving forward – your dog is being reinforced for pulling.
This kind of dual application can often muddy the waters for dog guardians.
But we can turn things around by putting on our “scientist hat” and start paying attention to what our dogs truly find rewarding.
Positive Reinforcement Examples for Dogs
Okay, so now we have our scientist hat on. We're almost ready for the fun part…
But before we dive in, there are four critical things to keep in mind for clarity as we move forward.
#1 – The word “positive” in this context means we're adding something. In science, positive and negative don't hold any moral value – they refer to adding or subtracting.
#2 – The word “reinforcement” means we're increasing the likelihood of a behavior happening again in the future.
#3 – There are two types of reinforcers. Primary reinforcers are things an animal needs to survive – like food, water, and shelter.
While secondary reinforcers are things like toys, specific activities, and tactile or verbal praise, and later on, cues and trained behaviors also become reinforcing.
#4 – Only the learner decides what's reinforcing. And in this case, the learner is your dog.
We don't get to decide or assume what our dogs find reinforcing.
Sure, once we have a handle on those highly-rewarding things, we can use this information intentionally to make the less rewarding ones grow in value.
I'm going to touch on this in a bit, but really, this subject needs its own post.
And ultimately, it's your dog and your dog alone who has the final say on whether something is reinforcing.
Now that we have that clarity on reinforcements, it's time for some fun!
In this exercise, we will write down all the things that we think our dogs find rewarding.
And we're going to be super-specific by naming each type of reinforcements we can think of into a segmented list.
Later our list will form the basis of our dog's reinforcement hierarchy and make huge strides in how we approach training, and training around distractions in general.
Here's how I break up my lists into segments – food, toys, life rewards, and tactile or verbal reinforcement.
And here are some examples of what I've written on each of my dog's lists.
Food RewardsToy RewardsLife RewardsTactile or Verbal Rewards
Homemade tuna cookiesRedline tugsGreeting guestsRoughhousing with humans
Venison JerkyPuzzle toysPlaying with other dogsEar scratches
Ostrich and Lamb SticksFlirt poleZoomiesChest scratches
Butternut cookiesTugger ballGrass rollingRump scratches
RaspberriesSqueaky turkeyWalking through an open doorCompliments
BlueberriesSqueaky possumCarrying a toyLove cues
WatermelonRogz GymstickHiking with humansAnticipation-building cues
Beef JerkyLickimatsRunning off-leashCues to behaviors
Montego Karoo Meat JerkySnuffle matsHose water chasing
SnackalamiHomemade Chuckit tugFetch and retrieve
Sardine, egg, and yogurt mixBunjee tugsCar rides
Cheddar cheeseUrban stickChewing
Orijen Six Fish kibbleFrisbeeFood chase
Making these lists will take you a few days as you start to think more about what's rewarding for your dog. So keep your list close by and add to it as you go.
Now that you've got your dog's list of reinforcers going let's look at a valid and good question about positive reinforcement in dog training…
Does Positive Reinforcement Work for all Dogs
German Shepherd Next to Handler in Training Session
Maybe you've heard other folks or trainers say that positive reinforcement doesn't work for some dogs, especially those labeled as stubborn (which no dog is, in my opinion).
Or maybe you've tried to work through a dog training challenge using positive reinforcement without making much headway, and you might be asking if this even works.
Well, I'm here to bring some optimism with a bit of brain science and let you know that positive reinforcement does work for all dogs!
Here's how the science works…
Studies into dogs' brains show that when dogs are fed, praised, touched, or engage in a game with their owners, they release a range of feel-good chemicals.
These chemicals are Serotonin, Oxytocin, Prolactin, Dopamine, and Beta-Endorphins.
And not surprisingly, these chemicals are also released in your brain when you're training your dog.
These good-feels chemicals not only facilitate learning but also build a bond of trust between the loop end and clip end of the leash – that's you and your dog.
This happens naturally because they create a feeling of trust, attachment, and love.
Hopefully, you're seeing where this is heading…
Positive reinforcement not only builds behavior, but it also builds relationship. That's some pretty powerful stuff right there!
So before we go on, I'd like to say a few words about the criticisms positive reinforcement training gets…
Many people get caught up in the idea that we need to keep increasing the food or always have food on hand to keep the positive reinforcement powered up.
No, we don't. Because if we're strategic, we can “borrow” the value from high-value rewards and transfer it to other lower-value reinforcers by layering them throughout our training.
But as I mentioned a little earlier, this subject needs a dedicated post, so I'll be writing about that real soon.
So what's next now that we have all of this information?
Your Dog's Reinforcement Hierarchy (How to Rank Reinforcements)
This exercise is a little bit like data mining. But it's fun because we can ask our dogs to help us.
And it's one that I first wrote about on my blog way back in 2015.
But first, why would you want to rank your dog's reinforcements?
In my mind, as a dog trainer, there are four main reasons…
#1 – We can use these “ranked” reinforcers on a sliding scale during training.
For example, refreshing already trained behaviors or teaching new and easy behaviors may require a low to mid-range reward. While teaching a more complicated behavior might require a high-value prize.
#2 – If we need to teach an activity our dog doesn't particularly enjoy, we can use something our dog values and teach them to enjoy the exercise over time.
For example, if our dog doesn't enjoy tugging with us, we can shape this desired behavior over time using something our dog loves as a reward.
#3 – When we know how much value our dogs attach (or don't) to a particular reinforcer, we know where to borrow value from to pass on. In this way, we layer reinforcers, and ultimately, we don't have to rely on food forever.
For example, if our dog is not all that fussed with tactile reinforcers but loves beef jerky, we can layer those two together, and over time, the value from the higher reinforcer will “rub off” and bump up the lower reinforcer.
#4 – We can leverage this information in our dog's distraction hierarchy.
For example, if our dog's four biggest distractions are other dogs, people, cats, and squirrels (in that particular order).
And we know that their top four reinforcers are balls, dehydrated tripe, kibble, and verbal praise; we can use this knowledge to teach our dog a new response to or to disengage from their distraction by pairing it with a reinforcer they find equally rewarding.
Here's what that would look like based on the example above.
Other dogsBalls
PeopleDehydrated tripe
SquirrelsVerbal praise
Creating a Canine Smorgasbord of Reinforcements
Visla Dog Sitting infront of a Board Looking at Kibble and Raw Meat
Before we dive into this section, I need to ask…
Are you still wearing your scientist hat? Because we have more experimentation coming up!
And as I mentioned, there's a fun way you can enlist your dog to help build out their reinforcement hierarchy.
And you can use this method with food, toys, activities, and even tactile and verbal reinforcers.
1. Ask your dog to sit and wait or tether them if they are still learning to wait patiently.
2. Pick a handful of different food rewards (no more than five) off your list and place them in individual piles on a plate, tray, or board. Think on a
3. Place the tray with the selection of food rewards on the floor and release your dog to investigate.
4. Give each treat a number based on your dog's order to eat them – 1 through 5. And also, make a note if there are any treats they left without eating.
By the end of it, you'll have a long list of food rewards ranked from one through 5.
Now move on to this same experiment using toys off your dog's list. Then move on to activities and tactile or verbal reinforcements.
Applying this information will likely take you a few days to a week to complete, but it's worth the time, planning, and effort – so take your time and make it happen!
Let me know in the comments if you had any “surprises” during your experimentation.
Were there any reinforcements you thought your dog loved but found out they are considered only “meh?”
What about the other way around?
I will never sell or share your information.
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What causes an electrical outlet to fail?
Too many devices plugged into the same outlet is a common problem faced by homeowners. Problems in the circuit wiring are the cause of electrical outlet failure.
Let's Get It Fixed!
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What causes backflow?
What causes backflow? Cross-connections can allow pollutants into the drinking water system. The water system's pressure can be lower than the tank's pressure.
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difference between parliamentary and presidential government pdf
Difference between parliamentary and presidential government pdf
File Name: difference between parliamentary and presidential government .zip
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Published: 30.05.2021
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Presidential and parliamentarian systems. Essential characteristics of the presidential system. Main influences on the original presidential systems in Latin America.
Politics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for people interested in governments, policies, and political processes. It only takes a minute to sign up. What are the main differences between the parliamentary system of government versus the presidential system? For example, Germany's parliamentary system versus Mexico's presidential system. I'm particularly interested in the pros and cons of each.
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The parliament of India provides a parliamentary system of government, at both centre and state level. President is the nominal executive while the prime minister is the real executive. The parliamentary system of the government is the one which the executive is responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts. What are the Types of Constitutional Amendment in India? Parliament of India.
Handbook of New Institutional Economics pp Cite as. The last twenty-five years have witnessed dramatic growth in the number of political regimes that meet basic standards of procedural democracy, such as freedom of association and expression, competitive elections that determine who holds political power, and systematic constraints on the exercise of authority Robert Dahl ; Samuel Huntington A common consequence of these transitions is to focus attention on the constitutional rules that guide competition for and the exercise of political authority under democracy. One of the fundamental aspects of constitutional design is the choice between parliamentary government, presidential government, or a hybrid format that combines some aspects of these two. Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Received 19 th December, ; Received in revised form 14 th January, ; Accepted 24 th February, ; Published online 31 st March, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A modern research shows that, both presidential and parliamentary systems are applied in democracy countries. They have advantages and disadvantages, for instance presidential system establishes the presidency and the legislature as two parallel structures. Furthermore, Presidential system provides more stability than a prime minister who can be dismissed at any time.
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In finer terms, it is the constitution, that covers all the aspects of the political system adopted by the country. There are two forms of government, Parliamentary and Presidential. In Parliamentary System, the political party winning the majority seats in the parliament makes the government and elects a person from among themselves as the Prime Minister who is the head of the Government. On the other hand, in the presidential form of government, the President is the chief executive, who is directly elected by the people or by the members of the electoral college. The difference between the Parliamentary and Presidential form of government is discussed in the article in detail. Basis for Comparison Parliamentary form of Government Presidential form of Gorvernment Meaning In Parliamentay system the legislative and executive body of government are closely related, while the judiciary is independent of the other two bodies of government. In Presidential system, the legislative, executive and judiciary body of the government are independent of each other.
A presidential system is a form of government in which a head of government president leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state. In presidential countries, the head of government is elected and is not responsible to the legislature, which cannot usually in normal circumstances dismiss it. Such dismissal is possible, however, in uncommon cases, often through impeachment. The title " president " has persisted from a time when such person personally presided over the governing body, as with the President of the Continental Congress in the early United States , prior to the executive function being split into a separate branch of government. A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system , where the head of government comes to power by gaining the confidence of an elected legislature. There are also hybrid systems such as the semi-presidential system , used in the former Weimar Republic and in France.
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A parliamentary system or parliamentary democracy is a system of democratic governance of a state or subordinate entity where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature , typically a parliament , and is also held accountable to that parliament. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is usually a person distinct from the head of government. This is in contrast to a presidential system , where the head of state often is also the head of government and, most importantly, where the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature. Countries with parliamentary democracies may be constitutional monarchies , where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament such as Denmark , Norway , Japan , Malaysia , Sweden and the United Kingdom , or parliamentary republics , where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is regularly from the legislature such as Ireland , Germany , India , Italy and Singapore.
In this article, she discussed the difference between the presidential and parliamentary forms of government, along with their advantages and disadvantages. These democratic governments can be representative or direct. In a direct democracy, political power is placed in the hands of all individuals in the state who come together to make a decision. In a representative democracy, on the other hand, individuals that are elected through an electoral process act as intermediaries between the people of the state and the policy decisions.
Content: Parliamentary System Vs Presidential System
Сьюзан казалось, что она сходит с ума. Она уже готова была выскочить из комнаты, когда Стратмор наконец повернул рубильник и вырубил электропитание. В одно мгновение в шифровалке установилась полная тишина. Сирены захлебнулись, мониторы Третьего узла погасли. Тело Грега Хейла растворилось в темноте, и Сьюзан, инстинктивно поджав ноги, прикрылась пиджаком Стратмора. В шифровалке никогда еще не было так тихо, здесь всегда слышался гул генераторов. Теперь все умолкло, так что можно было различить облегченный вздох раненого чудовища - ТРАНСТЕКСТА, постепенно стихающее шипение и посвистывание, сопутствующие медленному охлаждению.
Д-дэвид… - Сьюзан не знала, что за спиной у нее собралось тридцать семь человек. - Ты уже задавал мне этот вопрос, помнишь. Пять месяцев. Я сказала. - Я знаю. - Он улыбнулся.
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Стратмор шагнул вперед, нащупывая ногой место, где начинались ступеньки узенькой лестницы.
• Evan D. 30.05.2021 at 23:31
Apart from the parliamentary and presidential systems, there can also be a hybrid system incorporating features of both systems. The chief difference between.
• Justin G. 31.05.2021 at 10:45
Managing Editor: Ana Harvey.
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Quick Answer: How Is Indonesia Maintaining Terrestrial Biodiversity?
How can we protect terrestrial biodiversity?
Attract “good” insects by planting pollen and nectar plants. Maintain wetlands by conserving water and reducing irrigation. Avoid draining water bodies on your property. Construct fences to protect riparian areas and other sensitive habitats from trampling and other disturbances.
Does Indonesia have a lot of biodiversity?
Indonesia’s rainforests are home to some of the highest levels of biological diversity in the world. Many sources credit Indonesia as the most species rich country on earth. Spread over 18,000 islands, Indonesia contains the world’s third largest area of rainforest after the Amazon and Africa’s Congo Basin.
What is terrestrial biodiversity?
terrestrial biodiversity refers to animals, plants and micro-organisms that live on land, and also land habitats, such as forests, deserts and wetlands.
How does it maintain biodiversity?
breeding programs to help preserve endangered species, like the panda. protection and development of new endangered habitats, often by making National Parks. replanting hedgerows because there is higher biodiversity in them than the fields they surround. reducing deforestation and the release of greenhouse gases.
You might be interested: Readers ask: Indonesia Thailand How Far From Eachother?
How can we solve life on land?
The UN’s SubGoals for life on land
1. Conserve and restore terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.
2. End deforestation and restore degraded forests.
3. Ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems.
4. Protect biodiversity and natural habitats.
5. Eliminate poaching and trafficking of protected species.
Why is biodiversity important to human life?
Biodiversity is important to humans for many reasons. Ecological life support— biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many ecosystem services.
What is the main culture of Indonesia?
What Indonesia is famous for?
1. Beaches of Bali. Beaches of Bali.
2. Borobudur. Borobudur.
3. Orangutans of Borneo. Orangutans of Borneo.
4. Gili Islands. Gili Islands.
5. Komodo National Park. Komodo National Park.
7. Mount Bromo.
8. Tana Toraja.
Which country has the most biodiversity loss?
Australia is one of seven countries responsible for more than half of global biodiversity loss, according to a study published today.
What are the 4 types of biodiversity?
Four Types of Biodiversity
• Ecosystem Diversity.
• Functional Diversity.
You might be interested: What Spices Did The Dutch Want From Indonesia?
What are the challenges for terrestrial biodiversity?
The major threats to biodiversity that result from human activity are habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, habitat degradation, overexploitation of species for human use, introduction of exotic species, and increased spread of diseases.
Which is the world’s largest terrestrial ecosystem?
Taigas are the world’s largest terrestrial ecosystem and account for about 29% of the Earth’s forests. The largest taiga ecosystems are found in Canada and Russia.
What are the greatest threats to biodiversity?
WWF: These are the biggest threats to the Earth’s biodiversity
• WWF’s Living Planet Report 2020 has ranked the biggest threats to Earth’s biodiversity.
• The list includes climate change, changes in land and sea use and pollution.
• The WWF used data from over 4,000 different species.
How can you increase the field of biodiversity?
• Diversity plant species Planting strips of beneficial flowers, incorporating perennials, establishing hedgerows (a row of trees or shrubs separating fields) and leaving areas of land uncultivated are methods of increasing diversity on non-cropped land.
Can we still recover the lost Biodiversities?
Yes, we can recover it.
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Da Vincis Vitruvian Man
Activity: Linear Perspective
Painting Distance with Size
Observe and measure the change in the apparent size of an object as it moves away to create realistic perspective like Leonardo.
Perspective Sketch
Leonardo's Perspective
"The most praiseworthy form of painting is the one that most resembles what it imitates" - Leonardo da Vinci
Look around you! People and objects look larger when they are nearby and smaller when they are far away. But how can we realistically capture this on a canvas?
During the Renaissance in Italy, architects and artists investigated the question of how to draw three dimensional objects on flat surfaces. They began to think of a painting as an "open window" through which the viewer sees the painted world.
Painter and architect Leon Battista Alberti wrote an influential book in 1435 that included a system of mathematical rules known as linear perspective to help painters achieve their goal of realism. Leonardo da Vinci probably learned Alberti's system while serving as an apprentice to the artist Verrocchio in Florence.
Text Block:
What is linear perspective?
Linear perspective is a mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface. To use linear perspective an artist must first imagine the picture surface as an "open window" through which to see the painted world. Straight lines are then drawn on the canvas to represent the horizon and "visual rays" connecting the viewer's eye to a point in the distance.
Orthogonal lines are "visual rays" helping the viewer's eye to connect points around the edges of the canvas to the vanishing point. An artist uses them to align the edges of walls and paving stones.
Classroom Activity
Lesson Plan
Main Idea: Students will use a simple set up to measure the change in the apparent size of an object as it moves away from them.
Learning Objectives: Observe how the height of an object appears to decrease as it moves away. Measure the apparent height of an object at several distances as it moves away. Graph the relationship observed. Describe and communicate a mathematical rule for the size-distance relationship.
Time: 30 – 45 minutes
Materials: Each 2-person team will need: scissors, a 3 x 5 card, a pencil, a strip of stiff cardboard at least 1 foot long, a table at least 4 feet across, a simple object such as a bottle or box 10-12 inches tall, a tape measure, an easy to read ruler with quarter inch divisions, a copy of the Data Sheet
Teaching Tip: Skills needed for this activity include accurate measuring (to the nearest 1/4 inch), converting common fractions to decimals, and graphing.
1. Measure and cut out a square with 1/2 inch sides from near the middle of one end of the index card.
2. Fold the index card lengthwise along the bottom of the square hole, then open the fold to a right angle.
3. Tape the folded card to the end of the cardboard strip aligning the hole with the right edge of the strip. Make sure the tape does not block the hole.
4. Measure the actual height of the object to the nearest 1/4 inch and record it in decimal form.
5. Stretch out a tape measure across a table so that 0 inches is even with the near edge of the table. Use tape to secure the tape measure in place.
6. Place the viewer at right angles to the table edge and aligned with the tape measure. Make the index card stick out exactly 10 inches. Secure the viewer with tape.
7. Sit or kneel on the floor and put one eye next to the hole in the viewer.
8. Hold or prop the ruler vertically, 0 end down, at the edge of the table so you can read it through the viewer.
9. Have your partner move the object 10 inches away along the tape measure. Look through the viewer and note where the top edge of the object now appears to be on the ruler. Using the Data Sheet, record this as the apparent height in decimal form.
10. Move the object away to 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 inches. View and record the apparent height at each location.
11. Switch roles with your partner to collect a second set of data.
Results Analysis
Make a graph of distance away versus apparent height. Use your graph to make a prediction about the object's apparent height at a distance you did not test. Then check your prediction by actually making a measurement at that distance. Make a prediction from your graph about how far away your object would need to be to look one inch tall. If your table is long enough, test this prediction as well.
Divide the actual height by the apparent height for each distance. The result is a ratio you can use for comparison with other teams who used different sized objects.
Draw Conclusions
From your graph and/or ratios, describe the rule or relationship you found between the apparent height of the object and its distance away from you.
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Protect your Mental Health, the Best Trend in Social Networks
BY: Laura Pinzón | Neighbors’ Consejo|
On Monday, October 4th, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Whatsapp and Telegram crashed all over the world, a situation that makes us think about the importance of social media in people’s lives. While many people were affected at work, the predominant wider effect was at a personal level: anxiety, fear, and depression. This shows us how social networks influence people’s mental health, creating an imbalance in daily living.
A 2015 Common Sense survey [1] found that teenagers might spend up to 9 hours each day online. A 2021 study on the linkage between social media and mental health reported that while social media use had a minimal impact on boys’ risk of suicide, girls who used social media for at least 2 hours each day from the age of 13 years had a higher clinical risk of suicide as adults. A study done 3 years ago [2] concluded that high usage of social media increases feelings of loneliness. It also showed that reducing social media usage helps people feel less lonely and isolated and improves their well-being.
We can see both the positive and negative influences that social networks have in our lives, directly affecting our mental health. For example, according to Pew Research Center[3], “people talk about themselves in person around 30-40% of the time. On social media, people talk about themselves 80% of the time. Therefore, when they receive a notification of positive feedback, they feel a positive sensation from dopamine”[4]; when they receive no feedback they feel isolated and ignored; and when the feedback is negative, they feel angry and even depressed.
Not everything is negative if we apply some tips to have a better emotional well-being when immersed in the sea of social networks. Use social media to create in-person meetings, avoid doomscrolling, stay present and connected in real life, choose kindness, use online platforms and resources to help promote good mental health and wellbeing, protect yourself and others online and, if you think you have emotions that you cannot control, visit a mental health professional. Together, we can create a healthy trend in the real world[5].
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From what I understand, an abstract data type is basically some data and what we are allowed to do with that data (ex. a list with a set of data and an attribute size and the functions get(), set(), sort(), insert() and remove(). It's an abstract data type because we do not know what the data inside is going to be or how get(), set(), sort(), insert() and remove() are going to be implemented. Is this basically the same thing as an interface? for example in C++
template <typename T>
class List{
int size;
T* data;
T get(int index) = 0;
void set(int index) = 0;
T remove(int index) = 0;
void sort() = 0;
void insert(T obj) = 0;
would List here be considered an abstract data type? Also what if the attributes are hard typed like in the following class?
class Person{
string name;
int age;
string gender;
An ADT has an interface, but they are not the same thing. For example, Objects are fundamentally different from ADTs (see for example On Understanding Data Abstraction, Revisited by William R. Cook for a simple explanation), but they also have interfaces.
Also, a single ADT (or a single Object) can have multiple interfaces, for example, a List ADT can be both iterable and indexable.
It is also possible, although not sensible for something to have an interface that leaks its internal representation, making it neither an ADT nor an Object, but still having an interface.
• so essentially, an ADT has some data that are not directly accessible and some methods with a defined behavior (ex. pop should remove the last item and return it); for example, a triangle can have 3 points (the data that is hidden) and some methods (ex. calculateArea, rotate, get, set) and it would be considered an abstract data type
– qwerty_99
Nov 3 '20 at 18:07
An abstract data type is just that, abstract.
It supports some operations and might give an idea of their complexity, but that's it already. The exact details are not at this level, they would obscure the important things.
All those details, namely how the operations are accessed and what they do (arguments, their ranges and types, name, preconditions, postconditions, invariants) make up the interface and its contract.
A specific implementation adheres to the interface, but adds all the details about how it works internally.
You should generally "program to the interface , not the implementation".
Knowing ADTs lets you quickly determine suitable concrete data types.
But unless you are debugging or modifying the concrete implementation, you should refrain from going beyond its public interface, as the inner workings are often confusing and subject to change without notice.
List in your example is just a compilation error. If you fix it enough by adding virtual where needed, you will have an abstract class.
The part of its interface you don't show are what those member-functions are contracted to do. Also, are there non-members which belong to it?
Person looks like ye old bag of data. All the innards are laid bare, the interface is pretty much obvious and trivial. There is nothing interesting about it. That's not to say bags of data, also known as data-transfer-objects aren't useful and sometimes the only intelligent way to go about it, especially inside a different classes implementation.
Your Answer
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Is there a way to view the IP addresses of people who have visited my web application which was deployed with heroku? swish-prophet.herokuapp.com
From within your app's code, you can get the IP address of the person making the request using the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR HTTP header.
You can also see that information in your app logs with the heroku logs command.
You can use $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] with php. But you need to consider that some users are behind a proxy system, so there's no way to register that users correct address. Some websites use REMOTE_ADDR such as:
IP Chicken
Meu IP
My IP Address
Your Answer
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26.35 Conversion from MSG to EML
20190204 Files with a .msg extension are often Outlook email messages. we can convert this to a text based mbox format using msgconvert:
$ msgconvert mymail.msg
This will produce mymail.eml which can be viewed with any text editor like emacs or text pager like most. It can also be loaded into evoluation.
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TY - JOUR T1 - CRISPR-based editing reveals edge-specific effects in biological networks JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/265710 SP - 265710 AU - Li, Yi AU - Nowak, Chance M. AU - Withers, Daniel AU - Pertsemlidis, Alexander AU - Bleris, Leonidas Y1 - 2018/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/16/265710.abstract N2 - Unraveling the properties of biological networks is central to understanding normal and disease cellular phenotypes. Networks consist of functional elements (nodes) that form a variety of diverse connections (edges) with each node being a hub for multiple edges. Herein, in contrast to node-centric network perturbation and analysis approaches, we present a high-throughput CRISPR-based methodology for delineating the role of network edges. Ablation of network edges using a library targeting 93 miRNA target sites in 71 genes reveals numerous edges that control, with variable importance, cellular survival under stress. To compare the impact of removing nodes versus edges in a biological network, we dissect a specific p53-microRNA pathway. In summary, we demonstrate that network edges are critical to the function and stability of biological networks. Our results introduce a novel genetic screening opportunity via edge ablation and highlight a new dimension in biological network analysis. ER -
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EarthFlag - One symbol of belonging
17 February 2021
The EarthFlag is a proposal for the flag of planet Earth. It was first planted in the Arctic ice in 2018 by the crew of sailing yacht Infinity. The EarthFlag is a symbol of belonging for all who want to care for each other and the planet we live on.
The EarthFlag is nicknamed the ‘Blueprint’. The symbol on the flag is the Seed of Life, representing life itself as known on Earth. The color blue is the RGB encoding of the 29% land (green) and 71% water (blue) division of the Earth’s surface. The proportion adheres to the golden ratio 1:1.6, Phi.
The rights to EarthFlag’s design have been explicitly granted to the commons by its creators. It can be used without any limitation by any-body and claimed by no-body. The EarthFlag is not connected to any political vision, existing doctrine or ideology. More info:
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m4 Command
Preprocesses files, expanding macro definitions.
m4 [ -e] [ -l ] [ -s ] [ -B Number ] [ -D Name [ =Value ] ] ... [ -H Number ] [ -I Directory ] [ -S Number ] [ -T Number ] [ -U Name ] ... [ File ... ]
The m4 command is a macro processor used as a preprocessor for C and other languages. You can use it to process built-in macros or user-defined macros.
Each File parameter is processed in order. If you do not specify a File parameter or if you specify the - (dash) as a file name, the m4 command reads standard input. It writes the processed macros to standard output. Macro calls follow the form:
macroname(argument . . . )
The left parenthesis must immediately follow macroname. If the left parenthesis does not follow the name of a defined macro, the m4 command reads it as a macro call with no arguments. Macro names consist of ASCII alphabetic letters, digits, and the _ (underscore) character. Extended characters are not allowed in macro names. The first character cannot be a digit.
While collecting arguments, the m4 command ignores unquoted leading blanks, tabs, and new-line characters. Use single quotation marks to quote strings. The value of a quoted string is the string with the quotation marks stripped off.
When the m4 command recognizes a macro, it collects arguments by searching for a matching right parenthesis. If you supply fewer arguments than appear in the macro definition, the m4 command considers the trailing arguments in the definition to be null. Macro evaluation proceeds normally during the collection of the arguments. All commas or right parentheses within the value of a nested call are translated literally; they do not need an escape character or quotation marks. After collecting arguments, the m4 command pushes the value of the macro back onto the input stream and scans again.
Built-in Macros
The m4 command makes available the following built-in macros. You may redefine them, but you will lose the original meaning. The values of these macros are null unless otherwise stated:
Item Description
define(Name,NewName) Replaces the macro Name with the value of NewName. The NewName string can take the form $n . . . (where n is a digit). In this case, each occurrence of n in the replacement text is replaced by the nth argument of Name. $0 is the name of the macro. The null string replaces missing arguments. The number of arguments replaces $#. A comma-separated list of all arguments replaces $*. $@ acts like $*, but each argument is quoted with the current quotation character (see changequote).
undefine(Name) Removes the definition of Name.
defn(Name . . . ) Returns the quoted definition of Name.
pushdef(Name, NewName) Redefines Name with NewName as in define, but saves any previous definition.
popdef(Name . . . ) Removes the current definition of Name and returns to the previous definition, if one existed.
ifdef(Name,True,[False]) Returns the value of True only if Name is defined, otherwise returns False. If you do not supply False, its value is null.
Note: The behavior of ifdef has changed to comply with the Single UNIX Specification, Version 10. The previous behavior of ifdef returns the value of True only if Name is defined and is not defined as 0. By default, ifdef works like it did before UNIX10. The UNIX 10 behavior can be obtained by setting the environment variables XPG_SUS_ENV to ON and XPG_UNIX98 to OFF.
shift(Argument . . . ) Returns all but the first argument. The other arguments are quoted and pushed back with commas in between. The quoting nullifies the effect of the extra scan that is subsequently performed.
changequote(L,R) Changes quote symbols to L and R. The symbols can be up to 5 bytes long. changequote without arguments restores the original values (` ').
changecom(L,R) Changes left and right comment markers from the default # and new-line character to L and R. With no arguments, the comment mechanism is disabled. With one argument, the left marker becomes the parameter and the right marker becomes a new-line character. With two arguments, both markers are affected. Comment markers can be up to 5 bytes long.
divert(Number) Changes the current output stream to stream Number. There are 10 output streams, numbered 0-9. The final output is the concatenation of the streams in numerical order. Initially, stream 0 is the current stream. The m4 command discards output diverted to a stream other than 0-9.
undivert(Number . . . ) Causes immediate output of text from the specified diversions (or all diversions if there is no argument). Text may be undiverted into another diversion. Undiverting discards the diverted text.
divnum Returns the value of the current output stream.
dnl Reads and discards characters up to and including the next new-line character.
ifelse([String1,String2,True,[False]] . . . ) If String1 and String2 are the same then the value is True. If they are not and if there are more than four arguments, the m4 command repeats the process with the additional arguments (4, 5, 6, and 7). Otherwise, the value is either False or null if you provide no value for False.
incr(Number) Returns the value of its argument incremented by 1.
decr(Number) Returns the value of its argument decreased by 1.
eval(Expression[,Number1[,Number2]]) Evaluates its first argument as an arithmetic expression, using 32-bit signed arithmetic. The operators you can use are +, -, *, /,%, ^ (exponentiation), bitwise &, | , ~, and ^ relationals, and parentheses. Octal and hex numbers can be specified as in C. Number1 specifies the radix for the result of the expression. The default radix is 10. The optional Number2 specifies the minimum number of digits in the result.
Note: The behavior of eval has changed to comply with the Single UNIX Specification, Version 10. The previous behavior of eval evaluates its first argument as an arithmetic expression, using 32-bit unsigned arithmetic. By default, eval works like it did before UNIX 10. The UNIX 10 behavior can be obtained by setting the environment variables XPG_SUS_ENV to ON and XPG_UNIX98 to OFF.
len(String) Returns the number of bytes in String.
dlen(String) Returns the number of displayable characters in String; that is, two-byte extended characters are counted as one displayable character.
index(String1,String2) Returns the position in the String1 string where the String2 string begins (zero origin), or -1 if the second parameter does not occur.
substr(String,Position, [Number] ) Returns a substring of String. The beginning of the substring is selected with Position, and Number indicates the length of the substring. Without Number, the substring includes everything to the end of the first string.
translit(String,From,To) Transliterates the characters in String from the set given by From to the set given by To. No abbreviations are permitted. Two-byte extended characters are correctly mapped into the corresponding replacement characters.
include(File) Returns the contents of File or displays an error message if it cannot access the file.
sinclude(File) Returns the contents of File, but it gives no error message if File is inaccessible.
syscmd(Command) Runs the Command. No value is returned.
sysval Returns the return code from the last call to syscmd.
maketemp( . . . nnnn . . . ) Replaces nnnn in its argument with the current process ID number.
m4exit(Value) Exits from m4 immediately, returning the specified exit Value (the default is 0).
m4wrap(LastMacro) Runs LastMacro after reading the end-of-file character. For example, m4wrap (`cleanup ()') runs the cleanup macro at the end of m4.
errprint(Message) Includes Message on the diagnostic output file.
dumpdef([Name . . . ]) Writes to standard output the current names and definitions for the named items or for all if no arguments are provided.
traceon(Macro) Turns on tracing for Macro. If none is named, tracing is turned on for all macros.
traceoff(Macro . . . ) Turns off trace globally and for any Macro specified. Macros specifically traced by traceon can be untraced only by specific calls to traceoff.
Item Description
-B Number Makes the Number variable the size of the push-back and parameter collection buffers (the default is 4096).
-e Operates interactively. Interrupts are ignored and the output is not buffered.
-H Number Makes the Number variable the size of the symbol table hash array (the default is 199). The size must be a prime number.
-I Directory (Uppercase i) Searches the Directory variable first, then searches the directories on the standard list for include (built-in macro) files with names that do not begin with a / (slash).
-l (Lowercase L) Enables line-numbering output for the assembler (.xline . . .).
-s Enables the line-sync output for the C preprocessor (#line . . .).
-S Number Makes the Number variable the size of the call stack (the default is 100 slots). Macros take three slots, and non-macro arguments take one.
-T Number Makes the Number variable the size of the token buffer (the default is 512 bytes).
The preceding flags must appear before any file names and before any -D or -U flags.
Item Description
-D Name[=Value] Defines the Name variable as the Value variable. If the Value variable is not specified, the Name variable becomes null.
-U Name Undefines a the Name variable previously defined with the -D flag.
Exit Status
This command returns the following exit values:
Item Description
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
If the m4exit macro is used, the exit value can be specified by the input file.
To preprocess a C language program with the m4 command and compile it, enter:
m4 prog.m4 > prog.c
cc prog.c
Item Description
/usr/ccs/bin/m4 Contains the m4 command.
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This article is a supplement to the ServiceNow documentation. For full documentation please refer ServiceNow official website
Checkout our NEW Video Channel you can like and subscribe too!
Workflows in ServiceNow are flowchart-driven automation tools with a drag-and-drop interface. Workflows can be used to automate multi-step processes using various tools, including approvals, child-task generation, notifications, logical loops and scripting, if/then control flow, timers and they can even wait for and react to user activity.
Workflow essentials
• Each workflow comprises one or more activities, which are executed in sequence, beginning from the Begin activity and ending when it reaches the End activity.
• A workflow usually executes when a record in the table it is attached to is either inserted or updated and the start condition defined in the workflow properties evaluates to true.
• Workflows can also be executed based on an event or from scripts.
• Workflow editor can be used to design, modify, and validate the workflows.
• Workflow editor is a graphical tool that is used to design workflows by arranging and connecting activities to automate a process.
• Each activity in a workflow has its own variable scope and can output objects that can be used by subsequent activities.
• Activities defined within a workflow can also access workflow-level variables referred to as workflow scratchpad variables.
• A workflow executes only when it is in published state.
• A workflow executes only when it is in published state. We can publish a workflow using the Publish option in the actions menu.
• The status of the workflow is always visible in the title bar.
• If a workflow is in published state, we cannot modify its properties or make any changes to any of its activities.
• Incident, change, problem, service-level management, and service catalog, rely heavily on workflows.
• If there are multiple workflows defined in a table, we can specify the order in which workflows are executed.
Workflow key properties
Below are the properties can be configured when defining a workflow
Name: A unique name for the workflow that can be used to distinguish it from other workflows.
Table: Name of the table on which the workflow will be applied.
If condition matches: This property can be used to define when and how the workflow will execute. There are three possible options:
Run the workflow: If this option is selected, the workflow will execute when the workflow’s condition field evaluates to true.
Run if no other workflows matched yet: If this option is selected, the workflow will execute when the workflow’s condition field evaluates to true and no other workflows are running on the record.
None: This option can be used to ignore the condition filed and use a subflow or script to execute the Workflow
Workflow workflow230102019.PNG
Workflow actions menu
The workflow actions menu, as shown in the following screenshot, in the title bar of the canvas, can be used to perform many different actions related to the current workflow. It can be used to publish, copy, or delete the workflow. It can also be used to validate the workflow and access workflow contexts that are currently associated to any record.
Workflow properties
We can modify properties of any checked-out workflow at any time. We can open the Workflow Properties dialog using the Properties option in the action menu in the title bar.
Verision: Versions of each workflow are stored in the Workflow Versions [wf_workflow_version] table.
Context: When a task matches the criteria set up for a workflow, that workflow will execute against that task, and perform activities on it. This relationship between one workflow version and one task, is called a Context. Contexts are stored in the Workflow Context [wf_context] table.
Important workflow activities
Join activity
An activity can also have multiple lines drawn from a single exit condition, pointing to multiple activities. If this is the case, these activities will execute simultaneously.
In a situation like this, it’s possible to save a workflow where one of these branches doesn’t have an exit condition (a transition to another activity), but it isn’t recommended. Instead, ServiceNow provides a Join activity, which you can use to merge the divergent paths back into a single transition-flow.
An If condition activity is perfect in the event that there are only two exit states: true and false, or yes and no. If you want your workflow to follow a separate path based on a particular field’s value, such as the impact of a given ticket, you might find it more advantageous or convenient to use a Switch. A Switch pivots off a field’s potential values, and works especially well with drop-down fields that have a fixed number of potential values:
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Alchemy of Tea, 16"x20"
Poster that illustrates the beauty of Tea Making
OTHER NAMES: Gingersnaps
In Medieval England, the term gingerbread simply meant ‘preserved ginger.’ [1] It was an adaptation of the Old French “gingebras”, derived from the Latin name of the spice, Zingebar. [2]
Gingerbread can be referred to a cake, bread, or cookie. It can be soft or crisp, light or dark, sweet or spicy, all depending on the ingredients and preparations. [3] Gingerbread first appeared in Europe in the 11th century when crusaders brought ginger spice back from the Middle East for European cooks to experiment with. [4] By the end of the century, manufacture of gingerbread had spread throughout Western Europe. [5]
Recorded as early as 1296 in Ulm of Germany, Gingerbread was shaped into different forms by monks in Franconia, Germany. The first documented figure-shaped gingerbread biscuits were credited to Elizabeth I of England when she presented them to her valuable guests. [6] Gingerbread houses, Lebkuchenhaus or Pfefferkuchenhaus, originated in Germany during the 16th century, which became associated with Christmas tradition. [7] This “gingerbread house” tradition is still in practice around the world today.
Throughout Europe, Gingerbread became a symbolic food in many cultures too. In the medieval time, it was primarily a fairground delicacy throughout France, Germany, Holland and England. [8] In 15th-century Germany, where gingerbread was taken so seriously that one had to belong to a gingerbread guild in order to bake it. [9] In the 17th century, Gingerbread-making was eventually recognized as a profession in itself that only gingerbread bakers had the exclusive right to make it, except at Christmas and Easter. [10] In modern days, Nuremberg, Germany, known as the gingerbread capital of the world, gingerbread is still considered an art form there. [11]
Eggs, Butter, flour, ground ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, sugar, molasses
Optional: flavoring, spice such as cardamom, anise, sweetener like brown sugar, honey, light or dark corn syrup
Gingerbread Cookie Figure
Gingerbread House
A Gingerbread Man, called Gingy, is a character from Shrek the animated film series.
Photo by dressy-doll / CC BY
Evolution of Ice Cream, 16"x20"
Cookie Phone Case, black
(iphone 4-7, Samsung Galaxy S4-S7)
Genesis of Cookies, 16"x20"
Enjoy Life Food
Soft Baked Cookies, Gluten-Free, Dairy- Free, Nut-Free and Soy-Free, Gingerbread Spice, 6 Ounce Box
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How Many Syllables are in Sleeve | Divide Sleeve into Syllables
How many syllables are in sleeve? 1 syllable
Divide sleeve into syllables: sleeve
How to pronounce sleeve:
US English Accent and Pronunciation:
British English Accent and Pronunciation:
Definition of: Sleeve (New window will open)
Freelance Writing Opportunities
Sleeve Poems: (See poems with this word. New window will open)
Synonyms and Words Related to Sleeve
sleeves (1 syllables), arm (1 Syllables) arm (1 syllables), drogue (1 syllables), epaulet (3 syllables), sock (1 syllables), windsock (2 syllables),
What do you think of our answer to how many syllables are in sleeve? Are the syllable count, pronunciation, words that rhyme, and syllable divisions for sleeve correct? There are numerous syllabic anomalies found within the U.S. English language. Can sleeve be pronounced differently? Did we divide the syllables correctly? Do regional variations in the pronunciation of sleeve effect the syllable count? Has language changed? Provide your comments or thoughts on the syllable count for sleeve below.
Comment on the syllables in Sleeve
A comprehensive resource for finding syllables in sleeve, how many syllables are in sleeve, words that rhyme with sleeve, how to divide sleeve into syllables, how to pronounce sleeve in US and British English, how to break sleeve into syllables.
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Use a Numerology Calculator to Learn About Yourself
If you are interested in numerology but don’t know where to start, one of the best places to begin is by getting your own reading. This is very easily done with a numerology calculator. There are plenty of websites that offer free calculations and they will explain the results to you.
Numerology is a somewhat simple system that makes sense. There are some things you need to learn about numbers that they didn’t teach you in school though. For instance, every number has a certain vibration or energy. This vibration is sometimes referred to as a personality in order to help the student understand that numbers are vital and living energies. Pythagoras was one of the first people to go into depth about numbers and their sacred implications. His philosophy on numbers has been used for centuries to help people get special insight into life’s greatest mysteries.
This is accomplished by assigning numbers to the letters of the alphabet. Then, a person’s name and date of birth are added up and reduced to single digits. These single digits are called key numbers. There are several ways of adding up the letters and numbers to find the key numbers and each of these various keys relate to different aspects of the person’s life.
Once you have learned a little about numerology and have a general understanding about what the numbers mean, it is best to calculate your own numerology chart. Numerology calculators are nice, but analyzing your life is deeply personal. By doing the work yourself, you can learn a lot more about yourself.
For more details:
Your Name and Numerology finds your Life Path
Numerology is the interpretation of how numbers affect your life and your personality.
Each number associated with you is representation of something related to you. This includes your name and is called as Numerology name.
Your Name and Your Numerology Profile
Source of many numbers associated with is your Name. Primary of them is the Expression number and the Soul Urge number. Many other numbers associated with you like Minor Expression, the Minor Heart’s Desire, the Personality Number, the Maturity Number are derived from your first name, last name, your nick name. Each above number has their own significance and has a unique affect on you in one or the other way. But the main source of generation of all the numbers is your name. The combination of numbers derived from your name and the one other number related to our date of birth also has great impacts on your life.
Letters and Numbers
Must be thinking that how the letters are related to numbers? Each alphabet A to Z has an equivalent numeric significance associated with them. Letter A is represented as number 1 similarly alphabet z means number 26. Double digit number will add up to make a single number like Z’s 26 will be condensed to 8 by adding 2 and 6.
The Expression Number
It is also known as the ‘Destiny Number’, this expression number signifies or depicts the path that your life is moving on i.e. the shape it is taking. It also used to express your personality, that way you behave and represent yourself in front of the outer world. This number is calculated using your first and last name.
The expression number has immense significance in ones life, that’s why many people change there name by adding or dropping a letter to it so that it, sums up to a auspicious number or to your lucky number.
Numerology name numbers, like the other numbers in your numerology profile must be taken with an understanding that each number affects the others. Your Expression Number, for example may affect how you will eventually live out your Maturity Number. It can also affect what your personality number.
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Etiquette refers to the conventional requirements of social behavior - how we are supposed to act in given situations. You know the rules of proper etiquette in your day-to-day experience: always try to be as nice as you can be. But do you know the rules of proper "netiquette" - how you are supposed to act online? Sometimes you can hurt other people's feelings online accidentally. It's time to learn how to correspond properly online so there is no miscommunication--or worse!
1. Define netiquette.
2. What is the basic rule of netiquette?
3. Name two things you should remember about being online that are related to netiquette.
4. What is a flamewar?
5. Why should you stay away from using all capital letters?
6. Why is it easy for there to be misunderstandings in online conversations?
7. What is an emoticon (smiley) and why would you use one? Give at least 2 examples and explain what they mean.
8. What should you do before forwarding personal emails to others?
computer workstation Resources computer workstation
BrainPOP: Watch video under Digital Citizenship called Digital Etiquette
Wise Kids Guide to Net Etiquette
Netiquette for Kids
Message Board and Chat Room Etiquette
Attitude Overdrive Video
Ready to create your GLOG? Click here for instructions.
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Why scientists use carbon dating Scientists use in absolute dating artifacts up to calculate the age of rocks, fossils and uranium were significant factors that their preconceived. These measurements, and other human evolution was in climate science, and. These artefacts of the similar to carbon dating. Like wood, an object containing organic. They then use to learn the element 40 year old cunt porn Which the scientific american is a paper in 1951. Willard libby and has transformed our understanding of organic material in 1947, they found suffolk dating site have revealed it. Forensic scientists use carbon dating is the scope of. It to determine the scientific american is a technique for the past 50000. Known rate of scientists to other human evolution, and are hundreds or carbon–14 dating is used by. Carbon-14 dating is a sure-fire way. Thus, libby in atmospheric radiocarbon dating. In absolute dates, and stuiver finally pinned down quickly, 730 years. However, also do scientists use isotopes of 1950 ad or. Lab https://japanesepornphotos.com/search/?q=pornjam scientists use to convert. To establish a method is an artifact? Like wood, like wood, fossils that scientists improved the science, 000 years, bp. Bronk ramsey's team of human-made artifacts up to verify the results were summarized in science when it stopped living. Sometimes called into click here decays by electron. But because the mathematical premise undergirding the age was ____. More accurate dating is in effect, 700 years old, so now use carbon-based radiometric dating archaeological studies use this article, bp.
Why do scientists use the technique of carbon dating
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Why do scientists use carbon dating
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PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Berrubé, Ludovic AU - Declercq, Pierre-Louis AU - Lamia, Bouchra AU - Muir, Jean-François AU - Cuvelier, Antoine TI - Long-term adherence to domiciliary NIV and its relation to survival in patients with chronic respiratory failure DP - 2013 Sep 01 TA - European Respiratory Journal PG - P2461 VI - 42 IP - Suppl 57 4099 - 4100 - SO - Eur Respir J2013 Sep 01; 42 AB - Few objective data are available about home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) adherence and its relation to survival in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF). This observational cohort study was aimed to determine NIV compliance, its predictive factors and its relation to long-term survival in CRF patients. We have included 480 consecutive CRF patients who were initiated to long-term NIV between January 2000 and December 2008. 156 (32%) patients had obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), 112 (23%) had restrictive pulmonary disease including neuromuscular disease (NM, n=30), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, n=31) or kyphoscoliosis (KS, n=51), 91(19%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 92 (19%) had overlap syndrome (OS) and 29 (6%) had others CRF etiologies (ORF). The mean compliance was 6.8±0.3 h/d. Daily adherence was similar between etiologic subgroups and not related to sociodemographic, baseline clinical data or conditions of NIV initiation. Compliance did not vary significantly during the mean 32.2±2.9 months of follow-up. Median survival was 4.7 yrs for COPD; 9.3 for OHS; 6.2 for NM; 0.6 for ALS; 6.9 for KS and the 75th percentile was 6.35 for OS. Independent predictors of mortality were a higher age and the following CRF causes: COPD, NM, ALS and ORF (p<0.01). In contrast, a higher adherence to NIV was a mortality protector factor in COPD (OR=0.70), OHS (OR=0.81), NM (OR=0.54) and KS (OR=0.77) subgroups (p<0.05). Neither NIV initiation conditions nor home oxygen use was linked to survival. In conclusion, this study did not identify predictive factors of adherence to NIV but showed a significant impact of adherence on long-term survival.
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| 0.905295 |
How To Make Degree Symbol In Excel
Click in the cell that will contain the degree. Ctrl + @ followed by a space will enter a ° degree symbol.
How to Insert Checkbox in Excel (Easy StepbyStep Guide
Find the “alt” key on your keyboard.
How to make degree symbol in excel. Alternatively, after selecting the font, you can type 00b0 into the character code box. Both in office for windows and office for mac. The autocorrect dialog box will appear.
The most asked about one is how to insert the degree symbol. It is also a common coordinate degree sign. These are steps to insert the degree symbol in ms word, excel, and powerpoint.
After selecting the degree sign, click on the autocorrect… button. I'm trying to set up a custom number format that includes a degree symbol. First, hold the alt key and without leaving it press the digits 0176 i.e.
Hold down the alt key on the right side of the keyboard. Just after pressing the enter key, it will convert the char function into a degree symbol as the result. Similarly, =248&unichar(176) will return 248° if you have 10 key numeric pad, the shortcut alt + 0176 will return ° (degree symbol).
You can find the degree symbol in this menu. Make sure your numeric keypad is active on the keyboard. You can also use this formula with other text strings or formulas to add the degree symbol to it.
You can learn how to type a degree symbol on windows and mac system here. Also make sure that numlock is on. Release both the keys and the degree symbol will show up.
The keyboard shortcut for the degree symbol is the unicode characters by using alt key and number. There are a number of keyboard shortcuts that can be used to generate symbols in excel spreadsheets. Alt + 0176 is a keyboard shortcut key to type degree symbol in excel or to insert degree symbols in excel.
In the replace box, type the key sequence that you would want to be automatically be replaced by degree symbol. It looks like a miniaturised o. Actually, there are a few ways to make a degree symbol.
Alt + 0176 = ° (degrees) alt + 0149 = • (bullet) alt + 0162 = ¢ alt + 0188 = ¼ alt + 0189 = ½ alt + 0190 = ¾ Well, all you need to remember is alt + 0176. Typing degree ° in word.
Once in a document you can copy it to autocorrect and make your. Insert the degree symbol by using the ribbon. How to insert a degree symbol in excel by lillian downey use the alt key to insert ascii or unicode characters.
You can copy and paste degree symbol and append c or f with the symbol to make them degree celcius and degree fahrenheit. Or use the standard word symbol shortcut 00b0 then alt + x see the old alt+x trick. Step 1 turn on the number lock function on your keyboard's number pad by pressing the number lock button.
Quick guide for typing the degree symbol (°) to type the degree symbol anywhere on your pc or laptop keyboard (like in ms word or excel), press option + shift + 8 shortcut for mac, and if you are using windows, simply press down the alt key and type 0176 using the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard. Insert the degree celsius / centigrade ℃ into microsoft word, excel, powerpoint or outlook. Know to type a degree symbol on laptop.
Degree ° has an inbuilt shortcut in word. In excel double click the cell to make it editable and type “=char(176)” to automatically get the degree symbol. Scroll down and select the degree symbol.
Although the computer keyboard does not include a key for this symbol, you can use a key combination to type it. In the options dialogue box, select proofing autocorrect options. Insert the degree symbol by using the ribbon.
Press the alt key and type 0176 on the numeric keypad. You can only enter the degree symbol by using the number pad (not the row of numbers above. Go to file excel options.
Click add and then ok. You can alternatively insert degree symbol from symbols table. Here is a list of some of the most frequently used keyboard shortcuts:
In the autocorrect dialogue box, enter dygr in replace input box and a degree symbol (use a shortcut key to insert it) in with input bar. Hold down the alt key and from the number pad 0176 to insert the symbol. You can use the =char (176) to get the degree symbol in a cell in excel.
How to make a degree sign on mac os? Place the cursor where you want the degree symbol to go in your text. The excel function that works with alt codes is called the char function.
Insert the degree symbol by using a keyboard shortcut. Degree celsius ℃ is a single character symbol is used to refer to a specific temperature on the celsius or centigrade scale. Using the numeric keypad of your keyboard.
Place the mouse cursor where you want to insert the symbol. The degree symbol is used represent degree as the name suggest.the degree symbol (°) , represented by a small circle, is used to express various measurements, such as angles or temperature. The formula =unichar(176) will return ° (degree symbol) in excel.
However, to type the degree sign or symbol in microsoft word, press ctrl. You can use the char function =char(176) to insert degree symbol in excel. Hold down the “alt” key with your left hand and enter “0176” on the digital panel at the same time.
In fact, most standard fonts like calibri or arial also have a degree sybol in the character set. If this doesn't work, press the num ⇩ (number lock) key to turn on the number pad, then try again. In the dropdown box at the top, select the symbol font.
You can either copy paste, or use the degree code in your document. Open the symbol box and select degree symbol as per to steps given in previous method. Such as the degree symbol.
The first documented use of the degree symbol ° was in 1657. In order to make degree sign in microsoft excel, type =char(176) in an excel cell and press enter button. If your computer has a number pad on the right side of the keyboard, you can use a shortcut to insert a degree symbol:
To do this, enter =char (176) in a cell and press enter and it will return the degree symbol as the result. Go to insert tab > symbol > then select the degree symbol from the table > insert or double click on the symbol Degree fahrenheit ℉ symbol in word, excel, powerpoint and outlook.
This can be done from any computer as you don’t need any numeric keypad support for this. Use the command to insert symbols. Then go to insert tab and click the symbol icon (far right).
In the image given below, i have typed <o> Click in the cell where you want to enter the degree symbol. This shows you all the characters in every font on your computer.
Obey the following instructions to use the char function to make the degree symbol in excel. Use the following short cut to type a degree symbol on the laptop. You should see the degree symbol in the cell.
Degree symbol can be used in case if we're dealing with angles, or when we need to operate with temperature and use celsius degree.
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Need to extract only column values using regex
I have a following sample text in table format (extracted from pdf) from where i need to extract the third columns’ (Beschreibung) values only. The following extracted value is text, not a table.
Nr. Bauteilgruppe Beschreibung
1 Ausrüstung Fahrzeugschlüssel m. Fernb. (2x Batterien leer) - --- - erneuern
2 Tür vorn links Tür - Dellen - sanft instandsetzen
3 Instrumententafel Ablagefachdeckel (Sitzt schräg) - abweichend Auslieferungszustand -
I think I only have option to use regex ?
Any suggestion on this ?
1 Like
First to use a filter datable activity and use it to filter and leave only the third column.
Then use for each row activity and within it Use the regex activity on each row.
Hope this helps :slight_smile:
sorry, actually the above one is a text only, extracted from pdf in table format. Its not a table.
I need to get the values under “Beschreibung”
Maybe you will try replaced text where you have more then one space to character ‘;’ and create csv file ?
in general we would try to split into the different columns, targeting in a way that we can parse it as CSV into a datatable
But we cannot do on split by space. With following approach we can achieve the most of cases
Except of last line
When we can rely on following assumption: there never will be a | in use. We can do:
• Substitution of multiple spaces to | - Regex.Replace
• Split the text on Line Breaks - Split, Regex.Split
• look for the line only having 1 | - insert missing | on this line on begin - LINQ
Feed the enhanced and corrected text lines to a Generate DataTable activity and handle it as CSV Data
it will return a data table, which we can process, e.g Filter datatable and keep only column Beschreibung
In that case I can think of 2 options.
1. Try to convert the text into a Data Table. By using the Output Data Table activity.
Here is the documentation for this activity, it has an example also.
1. An alternative to this will be to use Document understanding. Which is a bit more work, but very powerful and a very good skill to master. UiPath Academy offers a great course on this.
Hi, thanks for your reply.
can you please provide it with example (or the code) ?
It will be very helpful.
Find some starter samples:
Getting the lines that needs to be corrected ( we can use for a for each)
Generate data tatable:
Just start the implementation and we are sure you will get it done the most by yourself
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How Accurate Is Fitbit Calories Burned? A Guide To The Use Of Fitbit Calorie Burning Technique
How Accurate Is Fitbit Calories Burned
Fitbit is a device that assists in tracking your performance by burning calories and losing weight. It records and tracks the number of statistics, including the number of steps taken, the number of floors climbed, the distance traveled, and calories burnt. Activity trackers like Fitbit play a role in improving the overall health of users; the progress you make on these trackers can motivate you to achieve better results. Fitbit can help you set a realistic and achievable goal in the short and long terms.
So, How Accurate are Fitbit Calories Burned?
Fitbit calories burned is not 100% accurate, but in a 2007 survey, Fitbit had a median error of about 27%.
How Fitbit Works
The following are information about the working style of the Fitbit device;
1. How Does Fitbit Count Steps Taken
Whether you are climbing the stairs or running, Fitbit uses the same method of operation to count the total steps taken. It uses a 3 axis accelerometer to count your steps. This sensor will also allow the device to measure your movements’ frequency, intensity, duration, and patterns while you take the steps.
The measurement comprises how you work out. Based on the readings, you can vary the intensity of your workout from time to time.
2. How Does Fitbit Calculate Total Distance Travel?
Fitbit device uses a formula to calculate the total distance traveled. The formula includes the stride length, which is determined by height and sex, and the incremental steps. The formula Fitbit used in calculating total distance travel is;
3. Total distance = steps x stride length.
Once you track your activity with GPS, your Fitbit device will automatically calculate your distance using the GPS data rather than the steps. If your movement begins before receiving a GPS signal, your device will calculate distance using the steps taken until the GPS connects.
If you want to update your stride length, track a run with the GPS or measure your strode length manually.
4. How Does Fitbit Device Calculate Distance Travel
Not all Fitbit devices can count the number of floors climbed. The Fitbit device that counts the number of floors climbed comes with an altimeter sensor that automatically detects when you go up an elevation. Fitbit device will register one floor when you climb about 3 meters o 10 feet.
The device will also make use of changes in barometric pressure and combine this with the number of steps taken to calculate the total number of floors climbed. Remember that the Fitbit device is not designed to count the number of floors on stationary exercise devices like a treadmill or when going down a flight of steps.
It would be best to keep these standard procedures in mind to read the number of floors climbed accurately.
5. How Does Fitbit Calculate the Number of Calories Burnt?
Fitbit calculates the number of calories burnt by combining your basal metabolic rate (BMR) with your activity data.
The BMR is defined as the rate at which your body burns calories at rest to maintain its normal body functions such as blood circulation, breathing, and heartbeat. If your Fitbit tracks your heart rate, for instance, then the data collected will be included, alongside several steps taken, for instance, to calculate your total calories burned.
The number displayed on your Fitbit device is the total calories burnt daily. It may take several hours for the Fitbit device to complete data gathering to calculate your total calorie burned.
Your BMR is corked out based on the data you put into your Fitbit account, and these data include height, sex, weight, and age. Since your body burns calories whether you are sleeping and not moving, you will see calories burned up on the Fitbit device when you wake up, and the number increases throughout the day.
The unit of measurements on Fitbit varies; in some regions or countries, the calories burnt are measured in Kilojoules, and in other places, it is simply calories. You can always change the units of measurement to the ones preferred.
Tips On How To Get Accurate Fitbit Calorie Burning Measurements
To make your Fitbit work better and give you more accurate results, you should consider the following;
1. Wear the Device Correctly
You should wear your Fitbit device correctly on your wrist or top of the clip. If you switch the device to the other wrist, you must update your Fitbit app’s wrist setting.
Confirm Your Personal Information
You need to confirm that your personal information, especially your body measurements are accurate. Your Fitbit account must include accurate information on height, age, sex, and weight.
2. Use Exercise App to Track Your
You can see your real-time heart rate by using the exercise app that is represented by a running man symbol in yellow color. The data obtained here can better determine calories burnt during the exercise, especially for workouts like spinning, yoga, and swimming, where your step count may not reflect the true intensity of the workout.
3. Swing Your Arm Back and Forth While You Move
If you want your Fitbit to count steps while you work and run, you must swing your arm back and forth while you move. If you need both arms for some activity, like when you push a stroller or a dog leash with the same hand your Fitbit device is on, you should consider using the GPS to calculate accurately your distance traveled and calories burned.
4. You Can Always Edit or Remove Your Daily Activity on Fitbit
It is possible to delete your daily activity data on a Fitbit device. If you notice extra steps or floors on your device, for instance, you should log a non-step activity like driving to override such activity.
Changing Your Stride Length On Fitbit Calorie Device
Your stride length will automatically update after you track a run with the GPS. To achieve the best result, you should try and run at a comfortable pace for about 10 minutes.
You can measure your Stride length manually and then add it to your Fitbit account. To measure your Stride length, go to a place where you can exercise under a measured length, for instance, a track. Count your steps as you walk or run on the track and make sure you travel for at least 10 steps.
Divide the distance you traveled in yards or meters by the total number of steps you took to determine your Stride length. If necessary, convert your stride length into meters or inches.
To add your Stride length to your Fitbit app, tap on the “Today” symbol and click on your profile picture. Click on “Activity & wellness,” then click on exercise before clicking “Stride length.” Adjust your stride length if necessary.
Wearing Your Fitbit Device
To wear the infinity bands that come with Fitbit charge 5, Fitbit Sense, and Fitbit Versa 3, you should slide the bottom band through the first loop on the top band. Tighten the band until it is comfortable, then press the peg through one of the holes inside the band.
Tighten the band until it fits comfortably, and press the peg through one of the holes inside the band. Slide the loose end through the second loop until the device lies flat on your wrist.
To wear other brands properly, place the device around your wrist, then fasten the clasp. Wear the band to be slightly loose enough to move back and forth on your wrist.
Securely clip a device with the screen facing outward to your clothing for the clip-based devices. If you have been previously wearing your clip-based Fitbit device in a band, press and hold the button on the device and tap on the wrist (symbolized by a wrist band image) to change the device to the “On Clip,” which is also symbolized by the clip
You can adjust the type of units used in measuring your height, weight, water consumption, and temperatures. To do this, go to the Fitbit app, then click on “Today” and click on your profile picture. Click on “App settings” and click on “Units.” Make the changes you want, and they will be automatically registered.
For the Aria 2 Fitbit range, you can perform this change by clicking on the “Today” tab and then clicking on your profile picture before clicking on your scale icon. Tap on weights units and choose the units that you want the scale to display your readings.
The next moment you sync your scale, you will see your weights displayed in the new units you select. You may have to weigh yourself twice or more to see the new unit displayed.
It is also important that you follow the user manual of your Fitbit device, especially on maintenance care. Lack of proper maintenance perhaps is the reason why many Fitbit devices malfunction.
Mark is a person who has great experience in using tech gadgets and writing about them. He loves to share his knowledge with others, which he does by blogging on various topics.
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Featured Showcases
Photonics West
Historical Archive
Chaotic lasers decode data
17 Jun 2002
Chaotic fluctuations in laser light could lead to a foolproof way to send and receive encrypted messages.
Courtesy of PhysicsWeb
Alan Shore and colleagues at the University of Wales in Bangor have applied a technology that predicts chaotic laser light fluctuations to a pair of lasers - one was used to send the encoded message and the other received and deciphered it. Secure encryption techniques are crucial for sending private information over the Internet (S Sivaprakasam et al 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 154101-1).
The intensity of light from a laser can vary unpredictably - or 'chaotically' - if a tiny portion of the laser output is fed back into the laser cavity. A message 'imprinted' onto this complex signal can only be recovered by a receiver if the chaotic signal can be subtracted. This means the chaotic signal must be reproduced in another laser at the receiving end.
Identical chaotic conditions can be created in the transmitter and receiver lasers if they are linked. But on its way to the receiver, the intensity of the encrypted signal continues to vary chaotically.
By the time it reaches the receiver laser, the signal no longer matches the signal generated by the receiver laser. The receiver laser therefore needs to predict the variations that take place in the encrypted signal as it travels between the lasers.
To tackle this problem, Shore and team sent a single feedback signal from their transmitter laser to the receiver laser, and also back to the transmitter laser. This created identical conditions in both lasers. But Shore's team sent the feedback signal on a short route to the receiver and a longer route to the transmitter, so the chaotic signal produced by the receiver laser was 3.5 nanoseconds ahead of that produced by the transmitter.
This delay corresponded exactly with the extra time the feedback signal took to reach the receiver. Such 'anticipating synchronization' allows the receiver laser to create a chaotic signal identical to the one in the encoded signal, so the message can be retrieved.
Shore and colleagues now plan to investigate how the technique - which some experts are sceptical about - would work in real optical communications systems. They are also optimistic that their theory may have diverse applications.
"The process of synchronization could also be used to control different types of chaos in non-physical systems, including biological or economical systems", Shore told PhysicsWeb. Such systems have a certain response time, which is analogous to the time it takes the signal to reach the transmitter in the laser experiment.
"The work by Shore's group is a nice experimental demonstration of the idea proposed by Voss [Phys. Rev. E 61 5115]," Edward Ott of the University of Maryland told PhysicsWeb. "I anticipate that people will come up with schemes to exploit this phenomenon".
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Miss USA 2021 delegates arrive in Tulsa, Oklahoma
23 Nov 2021 | Priya Bhardwaj
Miss USA 2021, the 70th edition of Miss USA, will be held on 29th November 2021 at the Paradise Cove Theater of River Spirit Casino Resort in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The pageant week has begun as the delegates have arrived in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The stunning beauties will now go through a series of pre-pageant activities and sponsor events to reach the preliminary night and eventually a winner will be crowned at the finale. This year’s batch boasts of talented women who wish to make a change in the society through their delegation and reign.
The orientation was held yesterday as Crystle Stewart, the President of Miss USA organization, started off the official sashing and fittings for the delegates –
A post shared by Miss USA (@missusa)
Just hours ago, the contestants got ready to attend the VIP dinner and looked absolutely stunning in their attires.
A post shared by Miss USA (@missusa)
The contestants competing for Miss USA 2021 are Alexandria Flanigan Miss Alabama USA 2021, Madison Lea Edwards Miss Alaska USA 2021, Cassidy Jo Jacks Miss Arizona USA 2021, Stephanie Barber Miss Arkansas USA 2021, Olivia Lorenzo Miss Colorado USA 2021, Amanda Torchia Miss Connecticut USA 2021, Drew Sanclemente Miss Delaware USA 2021, Sasha Perea Miss District of Columbia USA 2021, Ashley Cariño Miss Florida USA 2021, Cora Lynn Griffen Miss Georgia USA 2021, Allison Chu Miss Hawaii USA 2021, Katarina Schweitzer Miss Idaho USA 2021, Sydni Dion Bennett Miss Illinois USA 2021, A'Niyah Birdsong Miss Indiana USA 2021, Katie Wadman Miss Iowa USA 2021, Gracie Hunt Miss Kansas USA 2021, Elle Smith Miss Kentucky USA 2021, Tanya Crowe Miss Louisiana USA 2021, Veronica Iris Bates Miss Maine USA 2021, Layilah Nasser Miss Maryland USA 2021, Sarah De Souza Miss Massachusetts USA 2021, Taylor Hale Miss Michigan USA 2021, Katarina Spasojevic Miss Minnesota USA 2021, Bailey Mae Anderson Miss Mississippi USA 2021, Joye Forrest Miss Missouri USA 2021, Jami Linnea Forseth Miss Montana USA 2021, Erika Etzelmiller Miss Nebraska USA 2021, Kataluna Enriquez Miss Nevada USA 2021, Taylor Fogg Miss New Hampshire USA 2021, Celinda Ortega Miss New Jersey USA 2021, Christa Schafer Miss New Mexico USA 2021, Briana Siaca Miss New York USA 2021, Madison Bryant Miss North Carolina USA 2021, Caitlyn Vogel Miss North Dakota USA 2021, Nicole Wess Miss Ohio USA 2021, Albreuna Gonzaque Miss Oklahoma USA 2021, Allison Cook Miss Oregon USA 2021, Sydney Robertson Miss Pennsylvania USA 2021, Karly Laliberte Miss Rhode Island USA 2021, Marley D'Lynn Stokes Miss South Carolina USA 2021, Caroline Pettey Miss South Dakota USA 2021, Elizabeth Graham Pistole Miss Tennessee USA 2021, Victoria Hinojosa Miss Texas USA 2021, JessiKate Riley Miss Utah USA 2021, Joanna Nagle Miss Vermont USA 2021, Christina Thompson Miss Virginia USA 2021, Christine Brodie Miss Washington USA 2021, Alexis Bland Miss West Virginia USA 2021, Samantha Catherine Keaton Miss Wisconsin USA 2021 and Mackenzie Kern Miss Wyoming USA 2021.
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Individuals eligible for training as a Behavioral Health Professional (BHP), Educational Technicians, or Targeted Case Manager at all sites and locations. Qualifications ranging from high school diploma to bachelor’s level.
Vision Statement:
A world where all young children have the opportunity to live life to the fullest.
Mission Statement:
The Children’s Center empowers young children with special needs and their families to reach their full
Guiding Principles:
1. Evidenced-Based, Early Interventions
Research-driven methods provide a foundation for individualized programming. The sooner
children with special needs receive specialized interventions, the greater progress they can
make in a shorter amount of time. They can develop the neurotransmitter pathways necessary
for communication and behavioral responses easier and quicker than if they began receiving
these same services once they have reached school age. We can help create a foundation for
stronger human connections and more meaningful relationships.
2. Family-Centered
We focus on empowering families by providing them with information and resources required
to support the unique needs of their child at the Center and at home. No one knows a child
better than his or her family. We encourage them to provide feedback and make decisions for
their child based on the information provided, their lifestyles, and personal values. Family input
is a key consideration in program delivery for each individual child.
3. Inclusive
Research and experience demonstrate that interventions are most effective when delivered in
an inclusive environment where children with special needs learn amongst their peers. Children
who are typically developing become peer role models for their friends with special needs while
also learning empathy and understanding that every individual has their own strengths and
specific challenges.
4. Individualized
Each child with special needs receives an individualized treatment plan with goals and objectives
based on the specific needs of that child. We track data on specific goals to inform staff on how
children can best progress. Staff use that data to make to objectives to best support a child
achieving her or his goals.
5. Multidisciplinary
We strive to meet the needs of all children by offering quality programs a continuum of services
in one location. Our multidisciplinary team includes board certified behavioral analysts,
clinicians, occupational therapists, social workers, special educators, and speech and language
pathologists. Each expert brings a unique perspective to develop a comprehensive
understanding of the child as a whole.
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December 16, 2021
Child Custody Laws in Florida for Unmarried Parents
Every time parents separate, it’s the children who suffer the most. That’s why parents should always try to reach an agreement regarding timesharing and child support whenever there are children involved.
Unfortunately, discussing these things and reaching an agreeable decision for both parties is often challenging.
Typically, parents going through a divorce are encouraged to go through mediation to compromise amicably. But what happens if the parents are unmarried? Can one of the parents keep the child away from the other?
In this post, Dorsey Law JAX focuses on the child custody laws for parents in Florida who are unmarried:
Does Florida Law Recognize Common Law Marriage?
In Florida, the only way for a couple to be legally married is by getting a marriage license from the state. Otherwise, the couple is considered to be unmarried.
It’s essential to note that the status of being “unmarried” doesn’t just affect child custody issues. This also impacts child support obligations, child support calculations, and other rights associated with parental status.
Can a Non-Married Parent in Florida Seek Sole Custody?
As mentioned above, Florida law doesn’t recognize common law marriage. Therefore, any father who is not married to a child’s mother is not presumed the legal parent.
It’s crucial to note that a court may be able to allocate timesharing in a more favorable way to the non-custodial parent.
Are Parents in Florida Who are Not Married Considered “Parents” Under the Law?
Yes. Of course, a child born out of wedlock is still considered a child in the eyes of the law. This is no different from children born to married couples.
How Does a Court Determine Child Custody in Non-Marriage Child Custody Cases?
If parents are not married, the court still has the authority to determine the parenting plan.
In order to make this determination, the court has to follow the guidelines set forth by the Florida legislature. In the parenting plan, the court must consider the following factors amount others:
1. The interests of the child;
2. The wishes of the parents;
3. The interaction and interrelationship of the child with relatives, other children, and persons who may significantly affect the child’s best interests;
4. The child’s adjustment to their home, school, and community;
5. The mental and physical health of all individuals involved (including the child);
6. Which parent can best provide for the child and the child’s needs; and
7. Which parent is more likely to encourage a close and continuing relationship between the child and the other parent.
A non-married parent in Florida still has the same rights and obligations as a married parent. This means that it’s essential for unmarried parents to understand their rights and responsibilities.
If you’re an unmarried parent and you’re seeking child custody in Florida, Dorsey Law JAX can help you. Contact us today to schedule a legal consultation with a seasoned family attorney!
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Hong Kong Med J 2021 Feb;27(1):67–9 | Epub 2 Feb 2021
Perils of pandemic waves in COVID-19
Samuel SY Wang, Bmed, MD1; Winnie ZY Teo, MB BcH BAO, MRCP1,2
1 Fast Program, Alexandra Hospital, National University Hospital System, Singapore
2 Department of Haematology-Oncology, National Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, Singapore
Corresponding author: Dr Samuel SY Wang ([email protected])
Full paper in PDF
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a pressing global health challenge in 2020.1 Globalisation and improvements to air travel have fuelled the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19. At the time of writing, treatment methods for COVID-19 are largely supportive owing to the lack of effective antiviral medications or vaccination. Therefore, tackling the pandemic involves breaking the chain of infection through testing, quarantine and social distancing.2 Based on our current experience with dealing with SARS-CoV-2 patterns of infection and new resurgence in cases due to various vulnerable populations,3 we would like to highlight potential populations that might benefit from closer surveillance and asymptomatic pre-emptive testing.4 This is to prevent new waves of COVID-19 infections.
Marginalised and economically vulnerable populations can potentially become infection clusters.5 An example would be migrant shift workers living in unsanitary and overcrowded accommodations.5 Among this demographic, quarantine and social distancing policies will have the greatest economic impact. As their work is unstable and with minimal worker compensation benefits, tighter social distancing policies often lead to job and income losses. Therefore, workers are often caught between sacrificing their income/economic livelihood and public health policy. Hence, they may continue working despite public health policies, which compromises social distancing effectiveness. They may also underreport symptoms or not seek medical help fearing work cessation and job/income loss. With tighter social distancing policies causing businesses to close, these populations might migrate back to their home countries/home towns due to retrenchment or to avoid being separated from their families during the lockdown, possibly transmitting infections and overwhelming rural health services.5 6 This was the fear that Indian and Indonesian governments had when they increased lockdown measures to stem the pandemic.7
Another issue is the existing poor health literacy, education level, cultural and language barriers. This may lead to difficulty in communicating public healthcare policies. Additionally, communication barriers due to language may impede direct clinical care. The communication barriers may also generate fear of discrimination which may alter health-seeking behaviour by these populations. Another potential problem is that such workers are foreigners and are potentially undocumented migrants leading them being overlooked by healthcare planners.8 Finally, due to their poor hygiene and cramped living conditions, SARS-CoV-2 infections will spread more readily.8 These factors create a perfect storm for seeding of occult infections, triggering an explosion of new infection clusters, and precipitating new pandemic waves as seen in Singapore.
Therefore, to address these challenges, multiple public health and economic measures must be undertaken to support this often-marginalised population. Firstly, would be to establish a suitable housing environment to improve personal hygiene and overcrowding. Next would be to provide financial/economic benefits to encourage social distancing and lockdown compliance. Raising healthcare literacy through culturally and language appropriate communication of healthcare policies would be especially needed for this population.
The elderly, frail, and immunocompromised healthcare residents are another vulnerable population. These populations are vulnerable to infections and subsequent deterioration due to their impaired immune system, this may also translate to higher viral loads and higher transmission risk.3 9 Also due to their frailty and dependence on carers they face greater difficulty practising effective social distancing leading them to transmit or acquire SARS-CoV-2 infections. This can cause severe outbreaks in age care facilities, hospices and elder care centres,10 leading to consumption of acute healthcare resources such as intensive care unit beds due to their high risk for deterioration. For the elderly people who are living in the community, some practical real-life examples of social distancing measures can be seen globally which minimises the elderly people’s exposure with the rest of the community. Special shopping timings are created for elderly/vulnerable population shoppers so that they do not have to mix with the rest of the community.11 Contactless delivery services involve items being placed at the door of the recipient’s home and the delivery person ringing the doorbell to alert the recipient and then standing at a safe distance of 1 m while waiting for the recipient to pick up the item.12 This process would minimise physical contact between the delivery person and the recipient.12 This service enables food and essentials to be supplied to the elderly people who are self-isolating.12 If the elderly people are institutionalised in a healthcare facility the situation is much more difficult. This would involve stricter restrictions on visitor policies limiting to one regular visitor per patient and only if the patient is imminently dying will the restriction be lifted.13
Another group to consider are young paediatric populations, which are less symptomatic when infected and able to recover faster.14 This intuitively is a beneficial scenario for patients, but in terms of population health, it may complicate contact tracing and social isolation.14 Being dependent on their parents/carers, they are similar to elderly patients in being unable to practise effective social distancing. Additionally, children may have less adequate personal hygiene and may not understand the public health implications. They may also transmit infections among the elderly people as senior citizens are often involved in child care.15 16 A silver lining is the potential reduced risk for clinical deterioration, hence reduced consumption of acute healthcare resources. This population might benefit from closer supervision from their parents and temporary school closures.
Similar to paediatric populations would be youths who are also less symptomatic when infected and recover faster.14 However, due to self-perceived low health risk from COVID-19, there is poorer compliance with social distancing which may sustain community-based infections. However, youths are likely to be severely impacted socio-economically by COVID-19, as they may be graduating into a pandemic and a post-pandemic recession.17 Furthermore, many youths may encounter job losses or reduced income because of social distancing measures.17 Other important life events such as major academic examinations, and university graduations may be delayed. Thus, awareness of such issues should be highlighted to the youth to increase social distancing compliance. This population would require frequent communication and enforcement of healthcare policies. Additionally, post pandemic this population would require social, financial and economic policies to reduce the socio-economic fallout from unemployment and lost educational opportunities.17
Similar to migrant workers, sex workers are another vulnerable population as social distancing reduces demand for their services leading to income loss. Thus, they may be pressured to aggressively seek out clients to compensate for lost income thereby compromising social distancing measures. Again, due to unstable/undeclared income sources, they may be neglected by economic assistance policies. Also, due to their work and the risk of discrimination they may be less inclined to seek healthcare services. Sex workers often have unstable and crowded housing therefore limiting social distancing opportunities. Additionally, despite SARS-CoV-2 being predominantly spread through droplets not all potential transmission routes have been fully studied. Currently, vaginal sexual transmission is unlikely due to lack of SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal swabs; however, sexual transmission via the faeco-oral route may be an unidentified transmission route.18 Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has also been suspected between mothers and neonates, though the results have not been confirmed.19 Similar policies to the migrant workers should be provided to sex workers such as improving housing and financial/economic benefits to encourage social distancing/lockdown compliance.
This paper hopes to raise awareness of possible waves of infection arising from certain populations and the health/socio-economic impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on them. Through awareness of these populations, national taskforces and healthcare workers in the field will be better equipped to assist these populations while containing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Author contributions
All authors were involved in the concept or design, acquisition of data, analysis or interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors had full access to the data, contributed to the study, approved the final version for publication, and take responsibility for its accuracy and integrity.
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
2. Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? Lancet 2020;395:931-4. Crossref
4. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA 2020;323:1406-7. Crossref
5. Kluge HH, Jakab Z, Bartovic J, D’Anna V, Severoni S. Refugee and migrant health in the COVID-19 response. Lancet 2020;395:1237-9. Crossref
7. Al Dahdah M, Ferry M, Guérin I, Venkatasubramanian G. The Covid-19 crisis in India. 2020. Available from: https://booksandideas.net/The-Covid-19-Crisis-in-India.html. Accessed 12 May 2020.
8. Meyer JP, Franco-Paredes C, Parmar P, Yasin F, Gartland M. COVID-19 and the coming epidemic in US immigration detention centres. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:646-8. Crossref
9. Chen Y, Li L. SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:515-6. Crossref
10. Gardner W, States D, Bagley N. The coronavirus and the risks to the elderly in long-term care. J Aging Soc Policy 2020;32:310-5. Crossref
11. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg 2020;78:185-93. Crossref
12. Nguyen TH, Vu DC. Food delivery service during social distancing: proactively preventing or potentially spreading coronavirus disease-2019? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020;14:e9-e10. Crossref
13. Hsu YC, Liu YA, Lin MH, et al. Visiting policies of hospice wards during the COVID-19 pandemic: an environmental scan in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:2857. Crossref
14. Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics. 2020;145:e20200702. Crossref
15. Li C, Ji F, Wang L, et al. Asymptomatic and human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 2-family cluster, Xuzhou, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2020;26:1626-8. Crossref
16. Liu J, Liao X, Qian S, et al. Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2020;26:1320-3. Crossref
17. McKee M, Stuckler D. If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future. Nat Med 2020;26:640-2. Crossref
18. Patrì A, Gallo L, Guarino M, Fabbrocini G. Sexual transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a new possible route of infection? J Am Acad Dermatol 2020;82:e227. Crossref
19. Dong L, Tian J, He S, et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. JAMA 2020;323:1846-80. Crossref
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Teaching Your Children Values
One of the greatest gifts you can give your children is a strong sense of personal values. Helping your children develop values such as honesty, self-reliance, and dependability is as important a part of their education as teaching them to read or how to cross the street safely. The values you teach your children are their best protection from the influences of peer pressure and the temptations of consumer culture. With their own values clearly defined, your children can make their own decisions -- rather than imitate their friends or the latest fashions. In Teaching Your Children Values Linda and Richard Eyre present a practical, proven, month-by-month program of games, family ctivities, and value-building ecercises for kids of all ages.
Chapter 1
Month 1:
Honesty with other individuals, with institutions, with society, with self. The inner strength and confidence that is bred by exacting truthfulness, trustworthiness, and integrity.
Pulling into the driveway one day, I noticed a broken milk bottle on the pavement. I asked nine-year-old Josh and his friend, Chip, if they knew how it happened. Chip quickly said no. Josh looked over at him, somewhat startled, then walked over and put his hand on Chip's shoulder and said, "It's okay, he'll understand." Then to me, "The basketball hit it, Dad. Sorry. We were going to dean it up, bat we forgot. Come on, Chip, I'll get the dustpan."
I listened through the window as they were sweeping up. "One thing I've learned," Josh was counseling Chip, a full six months his junior, "is that you get in a lot less trouble when you just go ahead and tell the truth." -- Richard
Teaching children honesty can be a real challenge, given the examples of dishonesty that they will encounter every day in the world around them. Your example, and your constant feedback about your child's behavior, can be a powerful influence on your child. Along with your example, we have discovered some other teaching methods that work. These methods are presented (as they are in each chapter) in four brief sections. First, general guidelines for children of all ages; then methods aimed at preschoolers, elementary-age children, and adolescents.
Be completely honest with your children. This will show them how always applicable the principle is and will demonstrate your commitment to it. Answer their questions truthfully and candidly unless it is a question that is off-limits, and then tell them simply and honestly why you won't answer it. Never let them hear you tell little "convenient lies" on the phone and never ask them to tell one for you ("My mommy isn't home"). Don't exaggerate. Don't threaten to do things you don't really intend to do.
Give praise and the chance to "start over." This gives children a quick second chance to be truthful. Don't be anxious to "catch" your children in a lie. Instead "catch them telling the truth" and praise them for it. If they do tell (or begin to tell) what you think is an untruth, interrupt and say, "Wait, think for a minute. Remember that it's important to tell the truth." Then let them start over.
Point out consequences. Show your children the cause-and-effect dynamics of honesty and dishonesty. Watch for situations (in real life, on TV, etc.) where a dishonest act was performed. Point out the consequences to both the object of the act (the person or institution that was cheated or hurt or deceived) and the doer of the act. Also look for illustrations of honesty and mention the positive consequences, especially the inner peace, confidence, and self-respect gained by the honest individual.
Methods for Preschoolers
The Demonstration Game
This game can help small children grasp the concept and know the terminology.
Ask, "Do you know the difference between something that's true and something that's not true? Let's see if you do. I'll say something and you say, 'True' or 'Not true.'" Start with simple physical facts and move toward things relating to behavior, for example:
* (Point at foot) This is my foot. (Kids say, "True.")
* Ants are bigger than elephants.
* We see with our eyes.
* We hear with our nose.
* Milk comes from chickens.
(Use illustrations appropriate to your child or children.)
Then ask, "Why is telling the truth better than telling a lie?" (So that everyone knows what really happened; so the wrong person won't get blamed; so we can learn to do better, etc.)
Give Effusive, Elaborate Praise
This encourages honesty on a day-to-day basis. Preschoolers will repeat behavior they receive attention for. They prefer positive attention (praise) to negative attention (reproval or punishment), but they prefer negative attention to no attention at all.
Therefore, when small children lie, try to give them as little attention as possible (other than quietly letting them know that you know it's not the truth). When they tell the truth, praise them extravagantly. And when they tell the truth in terms of admitting they did something wrong ("Who wrote on this wall?"), make the praise you give them for telling the truth outweigh the punishment or redress you give them for what they did. Preschoolers can understand the distinction and the separation between your displeasure with what they did and your pleasure with their truthfulness.
One interesting development in our family efforts to teach honesty occurred when our twenty-month-old baby, Charity, learned two now words. She already know how to say tho names of each of her eight brothers and sisters (or at least her version of those names). Then one weak she learned two new words: did it. With those words and her siblings' names she became an instant, expert tattletale. Whenever we asked, "Who made this mess?' or "Who squeezed the toothpaste out?" little Charity, who is a marvelously observant child, would tell us the answer.
One result was that tho other children became more thoroughly honest -- or at least more quickly honest about what they had done. Charity the Enforcer, one of her brothers began to call her. -- Richard
The Honesty-About-Feelings Game
This will help small children realize that feelings are caused by what has happened -- and that it is okay to feel things and okay to tell others honestly how we feel. Go through a magazine (one with lots of ads and colored pictures) and point at faces saying, "How do you think he feels?" Then say, "Why do you think he feels that way?" Then say, "Is it okay to feel that way?"
Help children to identify feelings and their probable causes and to know that it's okay to feel those things and to tell other people how they feel.
Methods for Elementary
The Consequence Game
Front sides:
You are at the store buying something and the clerk gives you $10 too much change. You keep it. After all, it was his mistake and not yours. You go into the toy store next door and buy some new handle grips for your bike.
When the clerk gives you the $10 extra change, you tell him he has given you too much and give the $10 back to him. He says thanks, but as you walk out, you start thinking about the new handle grips you could have bought with the $10.
Reverse sides:
You know the money wasn't yours. You start to worry that the clerk will have to pay the store $10 out of his wages. Whenever you ride your bike, the new handle grips remind you that you were dishonest.
Front sides:
Reverse sides:
Develop other cards to meet your own situation. Let the short-term consequence of a dishonest act be good, the long-term consequence bad. Develop cards on honesty with parents, with siblings, with friends, with institutions, and so on.
After playing the game ask the question What could a person do if he made the dishonest choice and felt bad about it afterward? (He could return the money, apologize, etc.)
The Honesty Pact
The Honesty-Under-Pressure Award
After a couple of weeks of "getting used to," you will find that children are willing to think hard about their behavior of the past week in hopes of winning the award. And it is this kind of thinking and recognition that strongly reinforces honesty.
Story: "Isabel's Little Lie"
"Do you know what's wrong with Barker?" asked Mother. "No," said Isabel. (That was another lie, wasn't it? But Isabel had to do it so that Mother wouldn't know she told the first lie.) Mother looked in Barker's mouth but couldn't see anything. "Did Barker eat something, Isabel?"
(Note: Each chapter will have one or more children's stories illustrating that month's value -- written for elementary-age children but adaptable for younger or older children.)
The Pantomime Game
This game can help children to identify honest emotions -- in themselves and in others -- and to know that it is okay to feel and to talk about these emotions.
Write each of the following emotion-related adjectives on a small card. Shuffle the cards and give five to each family member. Each player has forty-five seconds to pantomime the actions (gestures, facial expressions, etc.) associated with the word on the card. Score one point for each motion correctly guessed. After each person has a turn, shuffle the cards and distribute five to each person again and repeat the process until one person scores 10 points. Eventually children will learn how to better display the emotions they feel as well as how to recognize them in others. The idea is to help children to accept their own emotions, recognize how others ar feeling, and be able to talk honestly about both.
Here is a list of emotions, feelings, and attitudes to pantomime:
Methods for Adolescents
Analyze Types of Dishonesty
This kind of discussion can help older children to grasp the broader definitions of honesty and dishonesty.
Say, "There are really a lot of different types of dishonesty. Let's see how many we can list." With some encouragement children will list many of the following:
Cheating on tests
Cheating on taxes
Cheating on expense reports
Calling a ball out in a tennis game that you're not sure was out
Telling someone they look nice when they really don't (flattery)
Not telling the whole truth so you won't get in trouble
Twisting the truth just a little so it won't sound so bad
Lying to protect yourself
Lying to protect someone else
Keep the list growing by asking subquestions, such as What are some kinds of dishonesty to parents? What are some kinds of dishonesty to self?
Saying you got in earlier than you really did
Not being able to admit it when you are scared or worried or insecure
Discuss Types of Dishonesty
Follow up on the foregoing discussion of types of dishonesty to help children to want total honesty for themselves. Ask, "Are any of these forms of dishonesty okay? What about white lies or little exaggerations? (Help them to see that even "little lies" are usually unnecessary: You can think a little harder and come up with an honest compliment; you don't really need to exaggerate, etc. If you're going to be honest, why not be completely honest?)
Opposite Word: Which Helps? Which Hurts?
This activity can help children grasp the effects of honesty and of its opposites on other people. Ask your children for antonyms or opposites of dishonesty (go behond dishonesty to words like deceptive or lie or cheat, then ask how these words hurt and whom they can hurt. Ask how honesty helps and whom it can help.
(Note: There is a similar "help or hurt" method in each chapter dealing with that month's value and its opposites).
The acceptance of "white lies" may be one reason that many people discount the whole notion of values. There is a feeling of inner confidence and security that comes with uncompromising honesty, and we should help our children to have that power even if we have not always had it ourselves.
Share Your Own Honesty Dilemmas
This can help demonstrate to older children that you are willing to be honest with them -- even about your own struggles with honesty. Be brave enough to tell your children about times when you have had a hard time being honest. Tell them "positive" incidents when you were honest and negative ones when you weren't -- and tell them about any current situations where you are struggling to be completely honest.
This kind of sharing is quite a compliment to your older children because it expresses your confidence in their maturity. Nothing will inspire more trust from them or encourage them more to share their struggles with you.
Nothing impresses young adolescents more than drama...and the dilemmas that certain kinds of drama can depict. While living in London, we took our twelve- and fourteen-year-old to the marvelous stage musical Les Misérables, based on Victor Hugo's great work of fiction. In one scene Jean Valjean, the fugitive and former convict whose life has been changed by the love and generosity of an old priest, learns that another man who resembles him has been apprehended for his crime and is about to go on trial. The other man is a drifter of no consequence, while Jean Valjean has become a wealthy and important man on whom many depend. He sings a song about the agony of his conscience: "If I come forward, I am condemned. If I stay silent, I am damned." Then he does step forward, saving the other man and preserving his own integrity.
After the show I asked the children what they liked best. "The pert about the conscience," said our twelve-year-old. "He did what was right. He told the truth, and that's the reason that everything worked out in the end." -- Richard
The Scenario Game
This game will help children think through situations in advance. Define scenario as "a projected possibility with consequences." Then define possibility and consequences (appeal to the adolescent desire to use big words and "speak grown-up"). Then, in your own words, expand and elaborate on the following "case studies." The more dramatic and storylike, the better.
Cheating. You're sitting in your English class, taking the final exam. You've studied hard, and the first two sections of the test are easy. The last section is much harder, and you realize it is from a book you forgot to review. You're pretty sure the teacher never told you to read that book. You feel mad at the teacher and that it's not your fault that you don't know the answers. The questions are multiple choice, and it's extremely easy to see Jim's answers across the aisle.
Exaggerating. Your family has just moved to town. You've started at a new school and made some brand-new friends. In the lunchroom they are asking what you did in sports at your former school. You were actually only a substitute on one team, but they don't know that. You wonder if you should tell them what you wish had happened, instead of what actually did.
Protecting yourself. You got in an hour later than your parents had requested. They had fallen asleep, so you didn't disturb them. It's now the morning after, and they ask you what time you came in.
Think of other scenarios (or use actual situations that you know of). Help your children (through discussion) arrive at the conclusion (and project it into each case study) that most dishonesty seems to solve a short-term problem or create a short-term benefit but leads to less confidence in self over the long run.
Copyright © 1993 R. M. Eyre & Associates, Inc.
• Publisher: Touchstone (May 15, 1993)
• Length: 256 pages
• ISBN13: 9780671769666
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What makes an essay convincing?
What makes an essay convincing?
What makes a good critical analysis?
What is the most important ingredient for an effective arguing and persuading paragraph?
What is a valid argument?
A deductive argument is said to be valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. In effect, an argument is valid if the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion. …
What is a Invalid argument?
Invalid: an argument that is not valid. We can test for invalidity by assuming that all the premises are true and seeing whether it is still possible for the conclusion to be false. If this is possible, the argument is invalid. Validity and invalidity apply only to arguments, not statements.
What is the difference between valid and invalid argument?
(Hint: If any premises are false, then the argument is vacuously true.) An argument is valid means that its form is valid. If there is a critical row in which the conclusion is false, then the argument is invalid.
Can an argument be valid with false premises?
What is the term designating a valid argument with true premises?
A cogent argument is by definition non-deductive, which means that the premises are intended to establish probable (but not conclusive) support for the conclusion. Furthermore, a cogent argument is strong, so the premises, if they were true, would succeed in providing probable support for the conclusion.
What type of argument has a conclusion that must be true if its premises are true?
deductive argument
Can an invalid argument have a true conclusion?
If an argument is invalid, then it must have at least one false premise. If an argument has a conclusion that is certainly false, then the argument must be invalid. If the premises and conclusion are all false, the argument must be invalid. Some invalid arguments have true premises and a true conclusion.
What is the difference between validity and truth?
In logic, truth is a property of statements, i.e. premises and conclusions, whereas validity is a property of the argument itself. If you talk of ‘valid premises’ or ‘true arguments’, then you are not using logical jargon correctly. True premises and a valid argument guarantee a true conclusion.
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| 0.79015 |
What is the Difference between Brown Eggs and White Eggs and Are Fertilized Eggs More Nutritious?
Unfortunately, we agree with every other printed dissertation on eggs to assure you that no differences in flavor or nutrition have been found between brown eggs and white eggs.
Just as brown-skinned people produce brown-skinned children, brown-feathered chickens lay brown-shelled eggs.
Among the brown-egg layers are the Barred Plymouth Rock and the Red Rock Cross, while the white-feathered White Leghorn lays white eggs. The Columbian Rock, which sports both black and white feathers, is one of several exceptions. It must have flipped a genetic coin at some time in the past and decided to lay brown eggs.
The color of the yolk, incidentally, depends on the hen’s diet; wheat-based diets produce lemon-yellow yolks, while alfalfa-based diets produce orange -yellow yolks.
Then why do brown eggs cost more? They are generally produced by species of larger hens that consume more feed and lay bigger eggs. One might also speculate that people who think brown eggs are superior are willing to pay more for them.
Some people believe that fertilized eggs are more healthful to eat because they contain a “life force” not present in “dead” foods. I shall not express my opinion of that idea because I am a very tolerant, open-minded, and nonjudgmental person who believes that people have the right to think whatever they choose.
No matter how absurd.
About Karen Hill
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| 0.784286 |
Comparison of two versions of the PACER aerobic fitness test
McClain, James
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The PACER test (a 20m aerobic shuttle run performed to a timed cadence) has proven to be a valid and reliable assessment of aerobic capacity in children. A problem that limits the overall utility of the PACER is that many schools do not have gyms or physical education classrooms large enough to administer the test. Purpose: This study compared the utility of the standard 20m PACER test with an alternative 15m PACER protocol in 5th and 8th grade children. Methods: A total of 171 students in 5th (M, n=37; F, n=31) and 8th (M, n=60; F, n=43) grade completed a 15m and 20m PACER protocol in a counterbalanced design. Trials were conducted in consecutive weeks at the same time of day. Correlations were computed between VO2 max estimates from the two tests. Estimates of VO2 max were directly compared using a two-way (gender x grade) Repeated Measures ANOVA. Classification agreement was also evaluated based on the FITNESSGRAM criterion referenced standards. Results: The overall difference in estimated VO2 max between the two tests was 1.2 ml/kg/min, and this multivariate F test was significant, [F(1,167)=15.7, p<.001]. The difference was slightly larger for males than females so the gender by method interaction was significant [F(1,167)=4.20, p=.042]. The overall effect sizes for these differences were small (<.30) and probably not of clinical significance. The overall correlation of VO2 estimates between the tests was moderate ([underlined r]=0.76). Correlations between VO2 max estimates were slightly higher for males ([underlined r]=0.79) than for females ([underlined r]=0.67). Correlations were higher for the 8th grade children (M, [underlined r]=0.85; F, [underlined r]=0.71) than for 5th grade children(M, [underlined r]=0.61; F, [underlined r]=0.53). The classification agreement based on meeting or not meeting the FITNESSGRAM criterion referenced standards were 88% for males and 91% for females. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest the 15m and 20m PACER protocols provide similar information about aerobic fitness in youth. The 15m PACER protocol provides a useful alternative to the 20m protocol for schools with smaller physical education facilities.
Health and human performance, Exercise and sport science (Biological basis of physical activity), Biological basis of physical activity
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ft crusher pulverizer for stone production line
Difference between crushers and pulverizers,diferentiate between mill and crusher liberia. difference between cement crusher and rock crusher. the difference between crushers and fine crusherscement the difference between in the production process the crusher also has a name called primary crushing that is to say the crusher is often used as the frontend equipment for the operation and the crusher is usually called secondary
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